ME165-3

SOLAR• ENERGY
YOUR HOME
UTILIZATION
ENGR. ESTELITO V. MAMUYAC, PME

LECTURE 1.1 INTRODUCTION

2022-2023/ 2T
24 NOVEMBER 2022
SOLAR ENERGY
Talk outline

✓Brief survey of energy demand and resources

✓Introduction to solar energy

BRIEF SURVEY OF ENERGY DEMAND AND RESOURCES
World Energy Consumption by Fuel (2022)

Source: bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2022, 71st Edition

World Energy Consumption by Fuel (2022)

Source: Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century (REN21), 2022
World Energy Consumption by Fuel (2022)

Source: Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century (REN21), 2022
Distribution of Electricity Generation
in the Philippines, 2021

Source: Statista, 2022

Awarded solar projects as of June 2016

ISLAND / GRID POTENTIAL MW INSTALLED MW

Luzon 2,609.95 283.73
Visayas 1,028.17 225.50
Mindanao 761.59 29.22
TOTAL 4,399.71 538.45
Awarded Solar Projects as of Septeber 2022

ISLAND / GRID POTENTIAL MW INSTALLED MW

Luzon 17,209.85 688.37
Visayas 1,677.75 505.65
Mindanao 1336.75 68.76
TOTAL 20,224.35 +460% 1262.78 +235%

Note: ASSIGNMENT # 1-1 (on Bbl)

INTRODUCTION TO SOLAR ENERGY

Solar Energy:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=inPtRWtvDaM
Brief history and overview
▪ As early as 212 BC, the Greek scientist, Archimedes, reportedly
used the reflective properties of bronze shield to focus sunlight
and to set fire to wooden ships from the Roman Empire which
were besieging Syracuse. Although no proof of such a feat
exists, the Greek navy recreated the experiment in 1973 and
successfully set fire to a wooden boat at a distance of 50
meters.
Brief history and overview
▪ Solar power technology is not a recent advent, it dates back to
the mid 1800s to the industrial revolution where solar energy
plants were developed to heat water which created steam to
drive machinery.
▪ In 1839, Alexandre Edmond Becquerel discovered the
photovoltaic effect which explains how electricity can be
generated from sunlight.
▪ He claimed that "shining light on an electrode submerged in a
conductive solution would create an electric current."
Brief history and overview
▪ A lot of research and developments were conducted after this
discovery but photovoltaic power continued to be very
inefficient.
▪ Photovoltaic cells were used mainly for the purposes of
measuring light.
▪ Over 100 years later, in 1941, Russell Ohl invented the solar
cell, shortly after the invention of the transistor.
Brief history and overview

▪ These days, solar panels are becoming increasingly efficient due

to improvements in design technology.
▪ Solar power is a rapidly developing energy source around the
world.
▪ The potential for using the sun to directly supply our power
needs is huge, every day on Earth.
➢This is due to the development of technology such as the solar
panel, which utilizes the energy channelling capacity of the
photovoltaic cell.
Introduction

▪ The sun is the only star of our solar system located at its center.
Energy from the sun in the form of solar radiation supports
almost all life on earth via photosynthesis and drives the earth’s
climate and weather.
▪ Solar Energy is the energy produced directly by the sun and
collected elsewhere. The sun creates its energy thru a
thermonuclear process that converts about 650,000,000 tons of
hydrogen to helium every second, and the process creates heat
and electromagnetic radiation.
Introduction

▪ Only a fraction of the total radiation produced reaches the

Earth.
o The radiation that reaches the earth is the indirect source of nearly
every type of energy used today.
o The exception are geothermal energy, tidal energy and nuclear
energy.
o Even fossil fuels owe their origins to the sun; they were once living
plants and animals whose life was dependent upon the sun.
Introduction

▪ Energy from the Sun - about half the incoming solar

energy reaches the Earth's surface.
▪ The Earth receives 174 x 1015 watts (petawatts, PW) of
incoming solar radiation (insolation) at the upper
atmosphere.
▪ Approximately 30% is reflected back to space while
the rest is absorbed by clouds, oceans and land
masses.
Introduction

▪ Earth's land surface, oceans and atmosphere absorb solar

radiation, causing their temperature to increase.
▪ Warm air containing evaporated water from the oceans
rises, causing atmospheric circulation or convection.
▪ When the air reaches a high altitude, where the
temperature is low, water vapor condenses into clouds,
which rain onto the Earth's surface, completing the water
cycle.
Introduction
Introduction

▪ The amount of solar energy reaching the surface of the

planet is so huge; that in one year, it is about twice as
much as will ever be obtained from all of the Earth's
non-renewable resources of coal, oil, natural gas, and
mined uranium combined.
▪ Solar energy can be harnessed at different levels around
the world, mostly depending on distance from the
equator.
Introduction

▪ The sun’s energy has been used by both nature and

humankind throughout time in thousand of ways, from
growing foods to drying clothes; it has been deliberately
harnessed to perform a number of other jobs.
▪ Solar energy is used to heat and cool buildings, heat water
for domestic and industrial uses, heat swimming pools,
power refrigerators, operate engine and pumps, desalinate
water for drinking purposes, generate electricity, for
chemistry applications, and many more operations.
Introduction
▪ In 2011, the International Energy Agency said that "the development of
affordable, inexhaustible and clean solar energy technologies will have
huge longer-term benefits.”
▪ It will increase countries’ energy security through reliance on an
indigenous, inexhaustible and mostly import-independent resource,
enhance sustainability, reduce pollution, lower the costs of mitigating
climate change, and keep fossil fuel prices lower than otherwise.
▪ These advantages are global. Hence the additional costs of the incentives
for early deployment should be considered learning investments; they
must be wisely spent and need to be widely shared".
References (but not limited to)

▪ Energy Conversion by D. Yogi Goswami and Frank Kreith

▪ Solar Energy Engineering by Kalogirou
▪ Awarded Solar Projects as of September 30, 2022 by DOE Philippines
▪ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy
▪ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power
▪ http://www.google.com/search?sourceid=navclient&aq=0&oq=images+of+solar+panel&ie=UTF
▪ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hot_water