System Programming with 8086 Computer Engineering Department

MicroProcessor | Ch. 1

System Programming with

Microprocessors

Dr. Ahmad Saeed Mohammad

Ph.D. Electrical and Computer Engineering

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Chapter 1
Introduction to Microprocessors

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System Programming with 8086 Computer Engineering Department
MicroProcessor | Ch. 1

Outlines

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What is a Microprocessor?
Microprocessor (MP)

is a Central Processing Unit (CPU) which is manufactured on a single micro-chip for an electronic devices
such as a computers, tablets, or a smart-phones.

• The recent microprocessor contains millions of

transistors.
• These transistors are embebbed on a small chip.
• This chip has all the functions of the CPU of a
computer.

Figure 1.1: Intel Core i9-9900K processor with speed of 3.5 − 5 GHz.

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System Programming with 8086 Computer Engineering Department
MicroProcessor | Ch. 1

Microprocessor Evolution
• The Fairchild Semiconductors founded in 1957 which
invented the first IC in 1958.
• In 1968, Robert Noyce, Gordan Moore, Andrew Grove
resigned from Fairchild Semiconductors.
• They founded their own company Intel (Integrated
Electronics).
• Intel grown from 3 man start-up in 1968 to industrial
giant by 1981.
• Intel now had 20,000 employees and $188 million
revenue.

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Microprocessor Evolution
• The microprocessors have been developed rapidly
since 1971 which created the first microprocessor
4004 with only 4-bit data bus.
• Besides, 8008 microprocessor has 8-bit data bus which
found in 1972.
• Also, 8086 microprocessor represents the first 16-bit
processor which has 16-bit bus for data and 20-bit for
address bus. Thus, this processor could access 220 = 1
M of memory.

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System Programming with 8086 Computer Engineering Department
MicroProcessor | Ch. 1

Microprocessor Evolution
• 80386 represents the first microprocessor has 32-bit

data bus which found in 1985.

• This processor was used in different PCs and mobile

devices such as BlackBerry 950 (1998), and Nokia.

• Core 2 Duo and Core i series such as Core i7 and Core

i9 have 64-bit data, and these processor starts in 2006

until now.

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Microprocessor Evolution
• A nice comparison between 8086

microprocessor and Core i7 8086K (8th

generation) which show the evalution

after 40 years.

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System Programming with 8086 Computer Engineering Department
MicroProcessor | Ch. 1

4-bit Microprocessor Family

• There are two micrprocessors with 4-bit
microprocessor family which are 4004, and 4040.

• There are three types for each microprocessor.

• For instance, 4004 microprocessor has three types
which are:
• C4004 (ceramic cover without gray),
• D4004 (ceramic), and
• P4004 (plastic cover).
• These microprocessors have 4-bit data.

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8-bit Microprocessor Family

• Three microprocessors namely, 8008, 8080 and
8085.

• These microproessors have 8-bit data.

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System Programming with 8086 Computer Engineering Department
MicroProcessor | Ch. 1

16-bit Microprocessor Family

• Five microprocessors namely, 8086, 8088, 80188,
80186, and 80286.

• These microproessors have 16-bit data.

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32-bit Microprocessor Family

• Eleven microprocessors namely, 80386, 80486, Pentium
(80586), Pentium Pro, Celeron, Pentium II, Pentium II
Xeon, Pentium III, Pentium IV, Pentium D, and Pentium
Dual-Core. These microproessors have 32-bit data.

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System Programming with 8086 Computer Engineering Department
MicroProcessor | Ch. 1

64-bit Microprocessor Family

• Five microprocessors namely, Core2Duo, Core i7,
Core i5, Core i3, and Core i9.

• These microproessors have 64-bit data.

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Core i-N Intel Development

Homework:
Find the same of below table with
different series like M, H, HQ, and
others.

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System Programming with 8086 Computer Engineering Department
MicroProcessor | Ch. 1

I-Core Intel Development

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Core i-N Intel Development

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System Programming with 8086 Computer Engineering Department
MicroProcessor | Ch. 1

Apple Processor: M1

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Apple Processor: M1 Pro

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System Programming with 8086 Computer Engineering Department
MicroProcessor | Ch. 1

Apple Processor: M2

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Apple Processor: M1 vs M2

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System Programming with 8086 Computer Engineering Department
MicroProcessor | Ch. 1

Questions of Chapter 1
1. Mention one microprocessor from each microprocessor family?
2. Which the first microprocessor is used in mobile technology?
3. Why 8086 microprocessor is important? Give two reasons for that.
4. What is the different between 8086 and 8088 microprocessor?
5. What is the main different in architecture between Core i5 and Core i3?
6. List three devices which used 8086 microprocessor.
7. Which the first microprocessor is used in personal computer (PC)?
8. Which microprocessor is used in workstations? Why?
9. List the main difference between 8086 and Core i7 8086 K

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