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Biology Overview 2015
Biology Overview 2015
Instructions:
1. All electronic devices must be turned off and put away.
2. Non-programmable calculators may be used. Calculators may not be shared.
3. Part A must be answered on SCANTRON card. Parts B and C must be answered on the Answer
Key on page 12. All other questions are to be answered in the space provided beneath the question.
4. Translation dictionaries may not be used.
5. Check to make sure you have 12 different pages.
6. Write your full name on every exam page.
7. Read every question carefully.
8. No extra time will be given to fill in the SCANTRON card or Answer Key on Page 12.
Mark Breakdown
UNIT 2: EVOLUTION
Evolutionary theory
Darwin’s theory of natural selection
Lamarck’s theory of acquired characteristics
Types of mutations
Adaptation and Examples of Adaptation; Adaptive radiation
Natural Selection vs. Artificial selection
Evidence for evolution: artificial selection (selective breeding), biogeography, fossil record,
comparative anatomy (homologous, analogous, vestigal structures), divergent, convergent, parallel
evolution, genetic evidence (DNA, amino acids), industrial melanism, embryology
Hardy-Weinberg principle
Factors/Mechanisms that cause evolution/speciation: genetic drift (founder effect, bottleneck effect),
gene flow, non-random mating, mutations, natural selection
Patterns of selection from selective pressures: stabilizing, directional, disruptive
Barriers to reproductions/Mechanisms of speciation: allopatric speciation, sympatric speciation
Prezygotic reproductive isolating mechanisms: ecological, behavioral, temporal, mechanical,
gamete
Postzygotic isolating mechanisms: reduced hybrid viability, reduced hybrid fertility, hybrid
breakdown
Structure and function of respiratory system: nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, bronchus, bronchioles,
capillaries, alveoli, diaphragm
UNIT 4: PLANTS