Module 1-8 - Art Appreciation

Republic of the Philippines
NORTHERN ILOILO POLYTECHNIC STATE COLLEGE

AJUY CAMPUS
Ajuy, Iloilo
LOUIEGE B. BAÑAS, LPT,
1|Page GE 5 – ART APPRECIATION

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Course Title: ART

APPRECIATION
Course Description: Art Appreciation is a three-unit course that develops student’s ability to appreciate,
analyze and critique works of art. Through interdisciplinary and multimodal
approaches, this course equips the students with a broad knowledge of the practical,
historical, philosophical and social relevance of the arts in order to hone students’
ability to articulate their understanding of the arts. The course also develops
students’ competency in researching and curating art as well as conceptualizing,
mounting and evaluating art productions. The course aims to develop students’
genuine appreciation for Philippine arts by providing them opportunities to explore
the diversity and richness and their rootedness in Filipino Culture.
Credit hours: 3 hours
Pre-Requisite: NONE
Program Objectives: At the end of the course, the students should be able to:
Knowledge
 Demonstrate an understanding and appreciation of arts in general, including

their function, value, and historical significance
 Define and demonstrate the elements and principles of design
 Explain and evaluate different theories of art
 Situate Philippine arts in a global context
Skills
 Analyze and appraise works of art based on aesthetic value, historical

context, tradition, and social relevance
 Mount an art exhibit(concept development, production and postproduction,
marketing, documentation, critiquing)
 Create their own works of art and curate their own production of exhibit
 Utilize art for self-expression and for promoting advocacies
Values
 Deepen their sensitivity to self, community, and society

 Discover and deepen their identity through art with respect to their
nationality, culture, and religion
 Develop an appreciation of the local arts
Dear Learners,
Our courseware is specially designed to equip you with the necessary knowledge and skills to further
develop your understanding in different disciplines, and expose you to new and engaging topics in arts. Consider
this module as a guide to strengthening human productivity and a tool for exploring the twenty-first century.
This will be use throughout the semester. This will serve your medium in teaching-learning process
wherein you will be assessed each lesson how much you have learned from the subject matter. You are required
to submit this module at the end of this semester or else you are mark incomplete.
Table of Contents
Preliminary Period

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Module 1. Embracing the Humanities

Difference Between the
Humanities and Sciences
Module 2. Understanding the Arts

Different Definitions of Art
Assumptions about Art
Module 3. Distinguishing Artist from Artisan

Who is an artist?
Who is an artisan?
Module 4: Recognizing GAMABA and the National Artists

GAMBABA
National Artists
Module 5. Classifying the Arts

Module 6: Functions of Arts
Module 7. Knowing the Subject in the Art
Subject and Content
Module 8. Effectively Presenting Art Subjects
Midterm Period
Module 9: Mediums of Arts
Module 10: Elements of Arts
Module 11: Principles of Arts
Module 12: Glancing Art History
Pre-Historic Art/Cave Art
A. Asian
1. Philippine pre-historic art
2. Egyptian Art
3. China
B. Western
4. Greek Art
5. Roman Art
Final Examination
Module 13: Appreciating Visual Arts)
Module 14: Appreciating Literary Arts

Module 15: Appreciating Music
Module 16: Appreciating Installation Art
Module 17: Appreciating Indigenous Arts
Module 18: Appreciating Philippine Contemporary
Module 1
EMBRACING THE HUMANITIES
Introduction
What I am? Why am I in this world? Where do I go from here? These are the fundamental

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questions a man asks about

himself and about life. The humanities are thus expressions of man’s feelings and thoughts.
Learning Outcomes
At the end of the session, learners are expected to:
a. Define humanities;
b. Distinguish humanities from sciences; and
c. Demonstrate appreciation on the importance of the humanities.
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Humanities
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The term “humanities” was first applied to the writings of ancient Latin authors, which were
read not only for their clarity of language and forceful literary style, but also, and more specially, for
their moral teaching.
During the Medieval Age, the humanities dealt with the metaphysics of the religion
philosopher. The goal was the cultivation of the spiritual life and the preparation for the hereafter.
During the Renaissance, the word came to refer to the set of disciplines taught in the
universities, which included grammar, rhetoric, history, literature, music, philosophy, and theology- a
body of knowledge aimed to make man “ human, cultured, and refined.
At present, the humanities serve to provide the student with certain skills and values through
arts. (Ortiz et al).
The term humanities refers to the arts- the visual arts such as architecture; painting and
sculpture; music; dance; the theater or drama; and literature. They are the branches of learning
concerned with human being and his feelings and how he expresses those feelings have always been
the concern of the humanities (Sanchez, 2001).
What are the differences and similarities of the Humanities and the Sciences?
The sciences deal with the external world of man, as well as with the facets of man’s being that
can be subjected to observation, measurement, and experimentation.
The sciences enable man to understand and control nature and to harness its energy to make his
life more comfortable and convenient.
The humanities deal with man’s internal world-with his personality and experiences, matters
that cannot be exactly measured, classified, or controlled. The humanities’ approach is subjective; it
makes much use of perception, feeling, intuition, and insight.
The focus of the humanities is on man as an individuals, while in the social sciences the main
interest is on types and groups of human beings, and on the institutions and processes of society.
Importance:
Man needs as image of himself, an understanding of his nature. Through words, tones, mass,
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line, color, or design, the arts

provide man with a measure of his passions and desires, his relation with other men and his
environment, as well as his potentials.
Both the sciences and the humanities are necessary for the development of the complete, social
man, ready to take on his responsibilities in this rapidly changing world and to enjoy life as he lives it
(Ortiz et al.).
Metaphysics is a part of philosophy which is concerned with understanding reality and

developing theories about what exists and how we know that it exists.
Self-Assessment Questions 1
I. State the different definitions of the Humanities based on their respective period.
II. Compare and contrast the Humanities and the Sciences.
Humanities Sciences

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III. What is the value of studying the Humanities?

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Module 2
UNDERSTANDING THE ARTS
Introduction
We can say art is the lifeblood of humanities because it conveys one’s feelings and
expressions. Art is the essential factor, which motivates an individual to create and appreciate “a thing
of beauty.”
Learning Outcomes
a. Explain the meaning and importance of art to man;
b. Demonstrate understanding on the basic concepts and assumptions about art;
Discussion
What is an art?
K W L

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(What You Know) (What You

(What You want to Learn) Learned and still Want to
Learn)
Etymologically, art is derived from the Latin word “ars”, meaning ability or skill. Art is from
an Italian “artis” defined as a human or skill.
This time, let’s look at the definitions given by different artists.
“Art teaches nothing, except the significance of life.” (Henry Miller)
“Art is higher type of knowledge than experience.” (Aristotle)
“The object of art is to give life a shape.” (French dramatist Jean Anouilh)
“Art is science in the flesh.” (Frenc=h poet and playwright Jean Couteau)
“All art is social,” because it is the result of a relationship between an artist and his time (Historian
James Adams)
“Art is the most intense mode of individualism that the world has known.” Oscar Wilde
What are the different assumptions about art?
1. Art is everywhere.
2. Art is not nature.
3. Art is imitating and creating.
4. Art perfects nature.
5. Art message is universal.
6. Art is timeless.
Art as Expression and Communication
 Art has grown out of man’s need to express himself. Expression is not limited to the revelation
of emotions alone. The personal and social values of the artist and his penetrating
psychological insight into human reality are also conveyed through arts.
 The artist uses symbols which he organizes into some comprehensible equivalent of the
experience that he is trying to convey. If the symbols are understood by his audience, then
communication has been established.
Art as Creation
Creation refers to the act of combining or re-ordering already existing materials so that
a new object is formed.
Art and Experience

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 Three major kinds of

experience are involved in the artistic activity.
1. It starts as an experience which the artist wants to communicate.
2. The act of expressing this experience –that of creating that art object or form.
3. When the work is done, there is the artist’s gratifying experience of having
accomplished something significant.
 On the part of the onlooker or listener, he may kindle an experience which is similar or
related to that which the artist tried to express. These include sensory, emotional, and
intellectual responses.
Art and Beauty
 A thing of beauty is one which gives us pleasure when we perceive it. The delight that we
experience is called aesthetic pleasure.
Enrichment Activities
1. Select at least five(5) artworks which you consider important to you, then explain each of
them.(5points)
Artworks Explanation
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5.
2. Give a situation where an artist could make use of nature in producing an artwork. (5points)
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3. Identify a work of art in your community that is still very much admired and treasured today. Is
the message conveyed by the artist universal? Explain your answer.(10points)
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Artwork Message Photo
Score:_______
Date:________
Assessment Questions 2
I. Read and analyze the given statements below, then identify whether the statement is true or
false.
1. In any society, art has served a particular purpose.
2. Art can serve as a vehicle for propaganda.
3. The function of art varies from person to person.
4. Art does not communicate anything.
5. A book illustrator is an artist.
6. Where there is life, there is art.
7. Art has nothing to do with religion and morality.
8. Art can be used to control the thinking or behavior of people in society.
9. Artists reveal themselves through their art.
10. The arts serve us for pleasure only.
11. Art is a nonverbal form of communication.
12. Artists give tangible form to the unknown.
13. Art has been created by all people, at all time, in all countries, and that it lives because it is
liked and enjoyed.
14. Art is not good because it is universal, but universal because it is good.
15. Nature doesn’t have something to do about art.
II. Read the following questions below, then answer each of them briefly. Each question will
be treated 5 points. You will be graded based on substance (3points) grammar and
organization (2 points).
1. How does art involve experience?

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2. Why is art message universal?

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Module 3
DISTINGUISHING ARTIST FROM ARTISAN
Introduction
Art works are produced by either an artist or an artisan. Each has his/her own role in the art
arena. However, how could we distinguish an artist from that of an artisan? How could we know that
the art works we are enjoying are created by an artist or artisan? Undoubtedly, people get confused of
these two terms. Thus, this module deals on exploring the differences between an artist and an artisan.
Learning Outcomes
At the end of the session, you are expected to:

a. Distinguish artist from artisan;(Knowledge)
b. Research an artist/artisan who has dedicated his/her life to the cultivation of the arts.(Skill)
c. Demonstrate appreciation on the contribution of an artist or artisan in the community.
(Attitude)
d. Pre-test
Read and analyze the given statements below, then identify each statement whether this refers
to an artist or artisan.
_______1. He/She is able to produce something that has a functional value.
_______2. He/She is a person who performs any of the creative arts.
_______3. He/She is a skilled worker who makes things by hand.
_______4. He/She is able to create art for the of art itself without needing any ulterior motives.
_______5. He/She has the skill of adding aesthetic value to the objects that he/she creates.
Discussion
Who is an Artist?
10 | P a g e GE 5 – ART APPRECIATION
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Artists work in the fine arts,

including painting, illustration, and sculpture. All fine artists first learn to sketch, and begin with a
pencil and sketchpad to work with an idea on paper. Artists transfer their vision to canvases or other
medium, and this may mean working in oil, watercolor or pastel. Sculptors take their sketches and
create 3D products from clay, marble or other material. Illustrators might work for a publishing or
animation company, or create original comic books. All artists’ work aims to create an overall reaction
from a viewer.
Generally, an artist is defined as an art practitioner who produces or creates indirectly-
functional arts with aesthetic value using imagination.
They produce us pieces as the means of provoking our thought, ideas and emotions that are necessary
to discover ourselves and our feelings.
Job responsibilities of an artist include:
a. Developing ideas for a canvas or product
b. Selecting a medium for a final work, including texture, size, or area
c. Collecting work for a portfolio
d. Applying for grants for financial support
Take a look at these famous artists.
FERNANDO AMORSOLO
Fernando Cueto Amorsolo is one of the most important artists in the history of
painting in the Philippines. Amorsolo was a portraitist and painter of rural
Philippine landscapes. He is popularly known for his craftsmanship and
mastery in the use of light.
He painted and sketched more than ten thousand pieces over his lifetime using
natural and backlighting techniques. His most known works are of the
dalagang Filipina, landscapes of his Philippino homeland, portraits and WWII
war scenes.
Born in Calle Herran in Paco, Manila, on May 30, 1892, Fernando Amorsolo
began drawing and sketching as a young boy. The family lived in Daet until
the death of his father. At that time his mother moved the family to the home of her cousin, artist Don
Fabian dela Rosa in Manila. Amorsolo was 13 years old at the time and in order to help provide for his
family, he sold his drawings and began to study art under dela
Rosa. http://fernandoamorsolopaintings.com/Fernando_Amorsolo_Biography_Page.htm
A closer look at this work will reveal brush strokes executed with the ease
of a virtuoso. The featured painting is considered a masterpiece for the
subtlety of its encoded messages, which, in this case, has been described
as national pride. In stark contrast to the increasing westernization of the
urban capital Manila, this work is a celebration of the pristine, rural
Philippine countryside. The scene is bathed in sunlight and features a
country maiden. This work is a fine example of this National Artist’s
favorite subject and setting. Amorsolo notes, “My conception of an ideal
Filipina beauty is one with a rounded face, not of the oval type... The eyes
should be exceptionally lively… The nose should be of the blunt form but
firm and strongly marked… The ideal Filipino beauty should have a
sensuous mouth…not…white-complexioned, nor of the dark brown
color…but of the clear skin…which we often witness when we meet a
blushing girl.” For Amorsolo, the Filipino beauty was an important
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symbol of national identity. The

colors of the Philippine flag are evident in the blue kerchief, red skirt, and white blouse. The subject
gazes directly at the viewer, holding a generous bundle of newly harvested rice, a hope-filled moment
for the young Philippines.
Untitled(PalayMaiden)
http://masterpieces.asemus.museum/
masterpiece/detail.nhn?objectId=10429
JUAN LUNA
Juan Luna is considered one of the greatest Filipino artists in Philippine
history with masterpieces such as Spolarium, The Death of Cleopatra
and Blood Compact. Not only did he excel in artistry, but he was also a
political activist during the time of the Philippine Revolution during the
late 19thcentury. His close friendship with National Hero Jose Rizal has
sparked Philippine nationalism and pride. Juan Luna was mostly known
for his works as being dramatic and dynamic, focusing on romanticism
and realism styles of art.
http://vanz2005.tripod.com/vanz.html
This is the
“Spoliarium”
by Juan Novicio Luna,
as masterpiece created in 1884. It is one of
the prize possessions of the Philippine
National Museum today. This Neoclassical
artwork earned Juan Luna 3 gold medal in
the Exposicion Nacional de Bellas Artes and
recognition among the connoisseurs and art
critics. It was praise so much that even Jose
Rizal, Philippine’s national hero, prepared a
speech for Juan Luna, addressing two things
from his artwork, the glorification of genius
and the grandeur of his artistic skills. And
it’s not a surprise why he called the
artwork “The Glorification of
Genius.” Not only does it enticed the fewer with compelling imagery of death, but it also sneaks in a
historical nod to the Filipino History.
Spolarium
https://www.quora.com/What-is-a-good-analysis-of-the-painting-Spoliarium-by-Juan-Luna
What you have just learned is an artist. This time, may you get familiar with an artisan.
Who is an artisan?
Artisans are craftsmen who work in textiles, pottery, glass and other areas. They are craftsmen who
make practical artistic products, such as earrings, urns, stained glass and other accessories. They gain
their knowledge by studying under master craftsmen and then practicing with continued study. They
work to create something new, original, and at times, provocative. They spend a good portion of their
time selling and promoting their items in various marketplaces.
In other words, artisans are craftsmen who produce directly functional and or decorative arts. They
help us in meeting our basic needs such as food, clothing, dwelling, furniture, kitchen utensils and
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everything that makes our life

easy are crafted by artisans.
Job responsibilities of an Artisan include:

a. Using and mixing mediums like paint, metal, glass, or fabric
b. Shaping, gluing sewing, testing and producing products
c. Displaying work at various sites including auctions, craft shows or online markets
d. Estimating costs and material need
Take a look at this famous Filipino artisan.

TINA MARISTELA-OCAMPO
One featured artisan who intended to showcase Filipino craftsmanship is
Tina Maristela-Ocampo. When she
first thought of the concept for
Celestina, what she really wanted
was to “bring whatever here in the
Philippines out to the world.
Hence, Celestina would produce
find handmade bags using local
indigenous products crafted by
Filipino artisans.
Other artisans engage themselves in producing different products.
https://pixabay.com/en/ancient-pottery-pots-clay-
antique-2179091/
https://pixabay.com/en/wickerwork-basket-weavers-craft-1314017/
Filipinos are known for being creative and resourceful. They try to maximize what whatever resources
they have just to earn and sustain their basic needs.
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LOOK: Dumagat artisans turn driftwood into artworks

Rogelio, one of the Dumagats living near the Ipo Dam in Bulacan, has got the nature as his
partner in making great art pieces.
The 12 Dumagat artisans in Rogelio’s community transforms driftwood, an uprooted and
fallen part of trees washed away by river and streams, they collected from the watershed to create
competitive sculpture pieces bearing nature-inspired designs.
After gathering the wood from the water, the artisans will then let them dry for three days,
and when these are ready, the transformation starts.
In creating artworks, the artisans let their imaginations run wild and thus seeing existing
images out of the driftwood. And from there, the simple wood becomes a distinct sculpture of
nature’s elements. Birds, fishes and even humans, among others, are just some of the favorite
images formed in the sculptures of the Dumagat artisans.
One would really expect great artworks coming from the driftwood, which was only used
before by the locals as firewood, as the Dumagat artisans were trained by renowned Filipino
sculptures.
Rogelio, who has nine children, gets a living from his masterpieces, being able to sell an
artwork for up to P300.
This project does not only provide the Dumagats livelihood but also provide mother earth a
support for sustainability.
ANC Green Living, 23 January 2016
http://news.abs-cbn.com/lifestyle/v1/01/23/16/lok-dumagat-artisans-turn-driftwood-into-artworks
Video about Dumagat Artisans

https://news.abs-cbn.com/lifestyle/v1/01/23/16/look-dumagat-artisans-turn-driftwood-
into-artworks
Let’s Watch!
Enrichment Activities
Activity 1. Go back to your community and look for the local artists or artisans. Have an intensive
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conversation about their lives.

Highlight the following information:
1. Name:______________________________________________________________
Birthday:____________________________________________________________
Education:___________________________________________________________
Address:____________________________________________________________
Type:_______________________________________________________________
Sample Artwork:
Illustration Description
2. Name:______________________________________________________________
Birthday:____________________________________________________________
Education:___________________________________________________________
Address:_____________________________________________________________
Type:_______________________________________________________________
Sample Artwork:
Illustration Description
Let’s Write!
Selecting one of your answers in Activity 1, write a feature article depicting the life of the artist/artisan.
Written output will be graded using the given criteria.
Content 10 points
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Organization 5 points
Grammar 5 points
Mechanics 5 points
25 points
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Post-test
I. Read and analyze the given statement below, then identify whether this refers to an
artist or artisan. Write your answer before each number.
_________1. He/She is skilled in a particular activity such as drawing, designing, composing, etc.
_________2. He/She is used form musician.
_________3. He/She goes beyond the social restrictions and creates art for pleasure of creating.
_________4. He/She is able to produce various objects ranging from jewelry to furniture.
_________5. He/She gains his/her knowledge by studying under master craftsmen.
_________6. Through art, he/she can create a change in society.
_________7. He/She spends a good portion of his/her time selling and promoting his/her items in
various marketplaces.
_________8. Tina Maristela-Ocampo intended to showcase Filipino craftsmanship.
_________9. Juan Luna is considered one of the greatest Filipino artists in Philippine history with
masterpieces such as Spolarium, The Death of Cleopatra and Blood Compact.
________10. The Dumagat people transformed driftwood into competitive sculpture pieces bearing
nature-inspired designs.
I. Complete the grid in the “Comparison Matrix”. Put a check mark if it describes an artist or
artisan.
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Items to Characteristics
Compared
Uses aesthetic Creates things Considers Produces arts Engages in

value by hand functional for pleasure arts for
value economic
reasons
Artist
Artisan
References
https://study.com/articles/difference_between-artists_artisans.html
http://fernandoamorsolopaintings.com/Fernando_Amorsolo_Biography_Page.htm(September 4, 2018)
http://masterpieces.asemus.museum/masterpiece/detail.nhn?objectId=10429(September 4, 2018)
http://vanz2005.tripod.com/vanz.html(September 4, 2018)
https://www.quora.com/What-is-a-good-analysis-of-the-painting-Spoliarium-by-Juan-Luna(September
4, 2018)
https://pixabay.com/en/ancient-pottery-pots-clay-antique-2179091/ (September 4, 2018)
https://pixabay.com/en/wickerwork-basket-weavers-craft-1314017/(September 4, 2018)
https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=Tina+Maristela-
Ocampo+Artisan&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjjmbKNi6PdAhWIF4gKHf
L6Bo4Q7Al6BAgFEBE&biw=1058&bih=615#imgrc=91Ck4FrQWiBSQM: (September 5, 2018)
https://www.google.com.ph/search?
biw=1058&bih=615&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=TmePW8XqLoj1wAPfhIiADQ&q=Tina+Maristela-
Ocampo+Artisan+Handmade+bags&oq=Tina+Maristela-
Ocampo+Artisan+Handmade+bags&gs_l=img.3...2251.2251.0.3081.1.1.0.0.0.0.195.195.0j1.1.0....0...1
c.1.64.img..0.0.0....0.ljwxJP5sO4Q#imgrc=e6ILGLoSUTaanM:(September 5, 2018)
Module 4
GAMABA AND THE NATIONAL ARTISTS
Introduction
Recognizing one’s contribution to the development of the Philippine arts simply shows how we
treasure and value our Filipino culture. To give honor for the artists’ efforts, two major awards (Order
ng Pambansang Alagad ng Sining or Order of National Artists and Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan or
National Living Treasures Award) are given.
Learning Outcomes
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a. discuss the background of the GAMABA;

b. distinguish the Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan Award from National Artists Award;
c. express appreciation on their contribution in the Philippine arts.
Discussion
Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan Awards or GAMABA is an award that acknowledges folk and
indigenous artists who, despite the modern times, remain true to their traditions. It is administered by
the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) through Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan
Committee.
GAMABA began as a project of the Philippine Rotary Club Makati-Ayala. In 1992, it was
adopted by the government and institutionalized Republic Act No. 7355. This award aims to support
and motivate these artists to preserve their artistic heritage for the present and future generations. These
artists are also recognized as the country’s National Living Treasures.
The GAWAD sa Manlilikha ng Bayan (GAMABA) or the National Living Treasures Award
gives recognition to Filipino traditional craftsmen or artisans whose skills have reached a high level of
technical and artistic excellence and who are tasked to pass on to the present generation knowledge
threatened with extinction.
NCCA chairman Felipe M. de Leon , Jr. spearheaded the institutionalization of the award. The
law was authored by senators Edgardo J. Angara, Heherson Alvarez, Leticia ramos-Shahani, SOtero
Laurel and congresswoman Kate Gordon.
On April 3, 1992, President Corazon C. Aquino signed Republic Act No. 7355, providing for
the recognition of the national living treasures, otherwise known as the Manlilikha ng Bayan, and the
promotion and development of traditional folk arts.
On December 17, 1993, the first awarding ceremony for Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan was
held at the Malacaňan Palace.
How does one become a Manlilikha ng Bayan?
To become a Manlilikha ng Bayan”, the candidate must possess the following:
1. He/She is an inhabitant of an indigenous/traditional cultural community anywhere in the
Philippines that has preserved indigenous customs, beliefs, rituals and traditions and/or has
syncretized whatever external elements that have influenced it.
2. He/She must have engaged in a folk art tradition that has been in existence and documented for
at least fifty(50)years.
3. He/She must have consistently performed or produced over significant period, works of
superior and distinctive quality.
4. He/She must possess a mastery of tools and materials needed by the art, and must have an
established reputation in the arts as master and maker of works of extraordinary technical
quality.
5. He/She must have passed on and/or will pass on to other members of the community their
skills in the folk art for which the community is traditionally known.
A traditional artist who possesses all the qualities of a Manlilikha ng Bayan candidate, but due to age
or infirmity has left him/her incapable of teaching further hi/her craft, may still be recognized if:
1. He/She has created a significant body of works and/or has consistently displayed excellence in
the practice of his/her art, thus achieving important contributions for its development.
2. He/She has been instrumental in the revitalization of his/her community’s artistic tradition.
3. He/She has passed on to the other members of the community skills in the folk art for which
the community is traditionally known.
4. His/Her community has recognized him/her as master and teacher of his/her craft.
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What are the incentives received by the awardee?

A Manlilika ng Bayan awardee receives a specially designed medallion, an initial grant of P100,000
and P10.0000 monthly stipend for life. In consonance with the provision of Republic Act No. 7355,
which states that “the monetary grant may be increased whenever circumstances so warrant, “the
NCCA board approved monthly personal allowance of P14,000 for the awardees as well as a
maximum cumulative amount of P750,000 medical and hospitalization benefit annually similar to that
received by the National Artists and funeral assistance /tribute fit for a National Living Treasure.
GAMABA Awardees
LANG DULAY (+2015) , Textile Weaver, T’boli, Lake
Sebu, South Cotabato , 1998
 A T’boli of Lake Sebu, South Cotabato, was
awarded for weaving the abaca ikat cloth called
t’nalak.
 She has produced creations which remain
faithful to the T’boli tradition as manifested in
the complexity of her design, fineness of
workmanship and quality of finish.
GINAW BILOG (+ 2003), Poet, Hanunuo Mangyan,

Panaytayan, Oriental Mindoro, 1993
 Awarded for faithfully preserving the Hanunuo
Mangyan script and ambalan poetry.
 He has promoted the local script and poetry so
that the art will not be lost but preserved for
posterity.
SAMAON SULAIMAN (+ 2011), Musician,

Magindanao, Mama sa Pano, Maguindanao, 1993
 He was awarded for his outstanding artistry and

dedication to his chosen instrument, the
Magindanao kutyapi.
 Kutyapi is a two-stringed plucked lute, regarded
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as one of
the most technically demanding and difficult to
master among Filipino traditional instrument.
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MASINO
INTARAY (+ 2013), Musician and Storyteller,
Pala’wan , Brookes Point, Palawan, 1993
 He was awarded for his exemplary skills in

basal or gong music ensemble.
 He was also recognized for his versatility as
musician, poet, epic chanter and storyteller of
the kulilal and bagit traditions of Pala’wan.
SALINTA MONON (+ 2009), Textile Weaver,

Tagabawa, Bagobo, Bansalan, Davao del Sur, 1998
 She was awarded for fully demonstrating the
creative and expressive aspects of the Bagobo
abaca ikat weaving called inabal at a time when
such art is threatened with extinction.
ALONZO SACLAG, Musician and Dancer, Kalinga

for Lubuagan, Kalinga, 2000
 A Kalinga of Lubuagan, Kalinga was

awarded for his mastery of the Kalinga dance
and the performing arts.
 He was also recognized for his persistence to
create and nurture a greater consciousness
and appreciation of Kalinga culture among
the Kalinga themselves and beyond their
borders.
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FEDERICO
CABALLERO, Epic Chanter, Sulod-Bukidnon,
Calinog, Iloilo, 2000
 He has worked hard to document the oral

literature of his people.
 He preserved the epics that use a language
that has long been dead by working together
with scholars, artists, and advocates of
culture.
UWANG AHADAS, Musician, Yakan , Lamitan,

Basilan, 2000
 A Yakan of Lamitan, Basilan was awared for his

dexterity in playing Yakan musical instruments
such as the kwintagan, gabbang, agung,
kwintagang kayu, tuntungan among others.
 He has a deep knowledge of the aesthetic
possibilities and social contexts of those
instruments.
 In spite of the dimming of his eyesight, he has
developed devoted his life to the teaching of
Yakan musical traditions.
EDUARDO MUTUC, Metalsmith, Kapampangan ,

Apalit, Pampanga , 2004
 A Kapampangan from Central Luzon is

recognized for reviving the Spanish colonial-era
craft of Plateria.
 This self-taught master craftsman found his
calling in producing religious and secular art in
silver, bronze and wood.
 In doing so, and in his pursuit of perfection for
himself and his apprentices, he assures the
continuity of this rich tradition.
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DARHATA
SAWABI (+ 2005), Textile Weaver, Tausug, Parang,
Sulu, 2004
 She is one of the master weavers in the

island of Jolo.
 Like most women in their tribe, she has
learned the art of weaving the pis syabit, the
traditional cloth tapestry worn as head cover
by the Tausu of Jolo, from her mother.
HAJA AMINA APPI (+ 2013), Mat Weaver, Sama,

Tandubas, Tawi-Tawi , 2004
 She is recognized as the master mat weaver

among the Sama indigenous community of
Ungos Matata. Her mats are known for their
complex geometric patterns, proportion, and
unique combination of colors.
TEOFILO GARCIA, Casque Maker, Ilocano, San

Quintin, Abra, 2012
 He learned how to make gourd casques and

weave baskets from his grandfather at the
age of 16.
 Since he learned the craft, he never stopped
experimenting with other designs.
 He previously used nito(vine trimmings) to
decorate the headgear and then used with
other materials such as bamboo after his
supplier from Cagayan passed away.
MAGDALENA GAMAYO, Textile Weaver, Ilocano,

Pinili, Ilocos Norte, 2012
 She has taught herself the traditional patterns of
binakol, inuritan(geometric design),
kusikos(spiral forms similar to oranges), and
sinan-sabong (flowers).
 She has learned the art of weaving from her aunt
and started harnessing her innate skills at the age
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of 16. She
may be in her late 80s but she still manages to
arrange threads on the loom, which is the
hardest task in textile weaving.
National Artists
If you’re given the title of National Artist, you can consider yourself one of the best. By being given
the title, it means you have given significant contributions to the development of Philippine arts and
letters. The recognition is given to those who excel in the fields of Music, Dance, Theatre, Visual Arts,
Literature, Film and Broadcast, and Architecture or Allied Arts.
The very first recipient of this award was painter Fernando Amorsolo, who was touted as the “Grand
Old Man of Philippine Art.” He was the sole awardee in the year 1972, a National Artist for Visual
Arts.
A person who receives this title gets the following honors and privileges:
1. Rank and title of National Artist, as proclaimed by the President of the Philippines;
2. Insignia of a National Artist and a citation;
3. Cash awards, monthly life pension, medical, and hospitalization benefits, life insurance coverage,
state funeral and burial at the Libingan ng mga Bayani (Heroes’ Cemetery), and a place of honor at
national state functions along with recognition at cultural events
There are 66 recognized National Artists to date, with the fields of Visual Arts, Literature, and Music
having the most number of recognized National Artists.
Here are some of the more well-known National Artists of the Philippines:
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AMBALANG
AUSALIN, Textile Weaver, Yakan of Basilan, 2016,
(born 4 March 1943)
 Her skill is deemed incomparable: she is able to

bring forth all designs and actualize all textile
categories typical to the Yakan.
 She can execute the suwah bekkat(cross-stitch-
like embellishment and suwah
pendan(embroidery-like embellishment)
techniques of the bunga sama category.
ESTELITA BANTILAN, Mat Weaver, Sarangani,

2016, (born 17 October 1940)
 The child Labnai, already precocious in mat

weaving, took on the name Estelita in the
1960s.
 When she married, becoming Mrs. Bantilan, she
raised a family in the foreign faith. But she kept
to her mat weaving. She persisted where other
women could not because her husband Tuwada
was atypically supportive.
YABING MASALON DULO, Ikat Weaver,

2016, (born 8 August 1914)
 She believes herself older than ninety. Her

identity card marks that age, however, and date
of birth, the fourteenth of August supposedly
1910.
 Since the venerable ikat-dyer has a memory
sharper than blades, it seems always best to
follow her counsel.
 In Mindanao, Ikat is, for the most part, an
extinct form of art-making, community-making,
equilibrium- making.
 But for Dulo, Blaan ikat dyeing is an extinct
form of human endeavor in a world gone the
way of the forests.
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Leandro V. Locsin
(Architecture, 1990)
A man who believes that true Philippine Architecture “is

the product of two great streams of culture, the oriental
and the occidental… to produce a new object of
profound harmony,” Leandro V. Locsin is the man
responsible for designing everything you see at CCP
Complex – the Cultural Center of the Philippines, Folk
Arts Theatre, Philippine International Convention
Center, Philcite, and The Westin Hotel (now Sofitel
Philippine Plaza).
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Lino Brocka
(Cinema, 1997)
Catalino “Lino” Ortiz Brocka is known to many as one

of, if not the greatest Filipino director of all time. He
espoused “freedom of expression” throughout all his
films, injecting each and every one with a social activist
spirit. Some of his well-known works
include Tinimbang Ka Ngunit Kulang (1974), Maynila
sa mga Kuko ng Liwanag (1975), and Insiang (1976),
the latter being the first Filipino film to be shown at
Cannes.
Levi Celerio (Literature and Music, 1997)
Levi Celerio, a prolific lyricist and composer, is known

for having effortlessly translating or rewriting lyrics of
traditional Filipino melodies like “O Maliwanag Na
Buwan” (Iloko), “Ako ay May Singsing” (Pampango),
and “Alibangbang” (Visaya). He’s also been
immortalized in the Guinness Book of World Records as
the only person to make music using just a leaf.
Carlos “Botong” Francisco (Visual Arts, 1973)
Hailing from the Art Capital of the Philippines, Angono

native Carlos “Botong” Francisco is known for single-
handedly reviving the modern art of murals through
works that showed slices of the past. He was such a
prolific muralist that he became its most well-known
practitioner for almost 30 years
Leonor Orosa Goquingco
Leonor Orosa Goquingco is a pioneer Filipino

choreographer known to many as “The Trailblazer,”
“The Mother of Philippine Theater Dance,” and “Dean
of Filipino Performing Arts Critics.” She has produced
stunning choreographies during her 50-year career,
highlighted by “Filipinescas: Philippine Life, Legend,
and Love,” which elevated native folk dance to its
highest stage of development.
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Wilfrido Ma.
Guerrero (Theater, 1997)
Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero is a teacher and theater artist

who, in his 35 years of teaching, has mentored some of
the country’s best Filipino performing artists, including
Joy Virata and Joonee Gamboa. He is also the founder
and artistic director of the UP Mobile Theater, leading
the way for the concept of a theater campus by bringing
theater closer to students and audiences in the
countryside.
Sionil Jose (Literature, 2001)
One of the few living national artists, F. Sionil Jose is

best known for creating the five-novel masterpiece
known as the Rosales saga: Poon; Tree; My Brother, My
Executioner; The Pretenders; and Mass. Set in the town
of Rosales, Pangasinan, it talks about the five
generations of two families, the Samsons and the
Asperri, during the Spanish and American occupation.
Lucrecia R. Kasilag (Music, 1989)
If you’re a fan of Filipino artists that blend Filipino

ethnic and Western music, then you should probably get
to know Lucrecia R. Kasilag. An educator, composer,
performing artist, administrator, and cultural
entrepreneur, she is seen as the pioneering figure for
fusing Filipino ethnic and Western music, helping
elevate Filipino’s appreciation for music. Her best work
is the prize-winning Toccata for Percussions and Winds,
Divertissement and Concertante, which incorporates
indigenous Filipino instruments.
The 7 Newly Awarded Artists in the

Philippines
The Order of National Artists is the

highest recognition given by the
government to Filipinos who have
made significant contributions to the
development of Philippine arts. The
Philippine president names them based
on the recommendations of the
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National Commission for Culture and the Arts and the Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP).
The country’s 7 new National Artists are:
1. Larry Alcala, National Artist for Visual Arts
Editorial cartoonist and illustrator Alcala’s pen brought to life the cartoon series Slice of Life in the
Weekend Magazine, Mang Ambo in the Weekly Graphic, and Kalabog en Bosyo, the first comic strip
where characters spoke in Taglish. His many works portrayed the idiosyncracies of the Filipino,
especially our ability to laugh at ourselves in the face of great adversity, as personified in the character
of Mang Ambo. The two detectives in Kalabog en Bosyo were brought to the big screen and played by
comedians Dolphy and Panchito in a film by Sampaguita Pictures. Alcala died in 2002 at the age of 75.
2. Amelia Lapeña Bonifacio, National Artist for Theater
For her work in writing plays, promoting children’s theater, and puppetry, Bonifacio has been called
the “Grande Dame of Southeast Asian Children’s Theater.” She has penned 40 plays, 20 books, and 30
stories, according to panitikan.ph, and was chairperson of the University of the Philippines’ Creative
Writing Program. She founded Teatrong Mulat ng Pilipinas, a children’s theater and puppetry troupe
based in UP.
3. Ryan Cayabyab, National Artist for Music
“Mr C” is perhaps the most famous Filipino composer in recent history. He has composed musical
scores for award-winning films, 10 full-length Filipino musicals, full-length ballets, a major opera, and
a plethora of songs, including beloved classics like “Tuwing Umuulan at Kapiling Ka” and “Da
Coconut Nut.” A force for original Pilipino music, he has spearheaded the Philippine Popular Music
Festival and served as judge in talent shows, like Philippine Idol and Philippine Dream Academy. He
leads the 7-member Ryan Cayabyab Singers.
4. Francisco ‘Bobby’ Mañosa, National Artist for Architecture
If Mañosa is a name unknown to you, the same likely cannot be said of his iconic works. The architect
known for his modern interpretation of Philippine architectural design and use of indigenous materials
is behind the Coconut Palace, world-famous Amanpulo Resort in Palawan, Pearl Farm in Samal Island,
Shangri-La Hotel in Mactan, and the San Miguel building in Mandaluyong, among others. For his
pioneering vision and promotion of indigenous Filipino architecture, Mañosa has garnered many
accolades, both locally and internationally.
5. Resil Mojares, National Artist for Literature
Mojares is a multi-awarded writer, historian, and literary critic. His works include Origins and Rise of
the Filipino Novel, The War Against the Americans, and books about eminent Filipinos, such as
Vicente Sotto, Pedro Paterno, Isabelo delos Reyes, and Trinidad Pardo de Tavera. He has won several
National Book Awards from the Manila Critics Circle and founded the Cebuano Studies Center, a
library and research center dedicated to Cebuano culture and history.
6. Ramon Muzones, National Artist for Literature
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Muzones is the preeminent name in West Visayan fiction. He is best known for his Hiligaynon novel
Margosatubig: The Story of Salagunting, about a fictional Muslim state in Mindanao and the struggles
of its hero, Salagunting, to wrest it from the clutches of usurpers. A tale that combines intrigue,
romance, pre-colonial lore, fantasy, and adventure, it unfolded as a series in the Hiligaynon magazine
Yuhum. In 1989, he received the Gawad CCP para sa Sining, an award given every 3 years to artists
whose works have enriched their art form. His proclamation as National Artist is posthumous as
Muzones died in 1992.
7. Kidlat Tahimik, National Artist for Cinema
Widely regarded as the father of independent Philippine cinema, Kidlat Tahimik (real name: Eric de
Guia) is known for creating films that humorously but evocatively critique neocolonialism. A native of
Baguio City, Tahimik has garnered numerous international and local awards for his films. His first,
Perfumed Nightmare (1977), won the International Critics Award at the Berlin Film Festival. He has
gone on to inspire generations of Filipino filmmakers to forge on with their independent vision,
regardless of commercial considerations. In 2009, he received the UP Gawad Plaridel Award, the
University of the Philippines’ highest award recognizing achievements in media.
– Rappler.com
https://www.rappler.com/nation/214953-list-national-artists-philippines-for-2018(Retrieved on
February 18, 2018)
Let’s Watch!
ABS-CBN News about the 7 Newly Proclaimed Artists in the Country

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yhCQQJ675KA
Post-test
1. It is the highest recognition given to Filipino individuals who have made significant
contributions to the development of Philippine arts.
a. National Artists Award
2. The Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan was institutionalized through:

a. Republic Act No. 7335
3. Which of the following is an award that acknowledges folk and indigenous artists who, despite
the modern times, remain true to their traditions?
Answer: Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan Awards or GAMABA
4. These artists are also recognized as the country’s:

Answer: National Living Treasures
5. Which of the following spearheaded the institutionalization of the award?

Answer: NCCA chairnman Felipe M. de Leon
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6. He was the very first

recipient of being the National Artist for Visual Arts.
a. Fernado Amorsolo
References
https://aboutphilippines.ph/files/Gamaba-Awardees.pdf(September 11, 2018)
http://ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/culture-profile/gamaba/
Module 5
CLASSIFYING THE ARTS
Introduction
Art is classified in different ways. Various authors have their own classification of art.
Generally, arts are grouped into two: major arts and minor arts. Major arts include painting,
architecture, sculpture, literature, music, and dance. On the other hand, minor arts include the
decorative arts, the popular arts, the graphic arts, the plastic arts, and industrial arts.
The arts are generally grouped into two: major and minor arts.
Learning Outcomes
a. Discuss the different forms of the arts
b. Cite examples of each form
Discussion
According to Webster, the major arts involve man’s skills to create works of art that are in form,
content, and execution, aesthetically pleasing and meaning as in music, painting, architecture, and
sculpture. They are called major arts because they appeal to the senses of sight, hearing, and feeling.
They are more notable and conspicuous in effect. On the other hand, the aesthetic factor in the minor
arts lies in the “styling”. They are addressed primarily to the sense of sight and their usefulness. The
minor arts are inferior in degree, especially in the extent of aesthetic quality.
Merriam Webster. Illustrated Contemporary Dictionary, Encyclopedia Edition,(Chicago,
Illinois: J.G. Feguson, Publishing Co., 1987, pp. 718, 757.
According to Manaois, there are two (2) general dimensions of arts, namely, (1) fine arts or
independent arts made principally for aesthetic enjoyment through the senses, especially visual and
auditory such as painting, sculpture, architecture, literature, theater, performing arts, and (2) practical
arts or utilitarian arts intended for practical use or the development of raw materials for functional
purposes such as industrial art, civic art, commercial art, graphic art, agricultural and fishery art.
Estolas (1995) grouped arts into:
1. Visual Arts. These artworks are perceived by our eyes which may be classified into graphic arts
and plastic arts. Graphic arts have flat two-dimensional surface such as painting industry. It
covers the commercial arts like the design of books, advertisements, signs, posters and other
displays for advertisements. Plastic arts are visual arts which have three-dimensional forms.
Under this grouping are: architectural designs and construction of buildings and other
structures; landscape of gardens, parks, playgrounds, and golf courses with plants ,trees, vines
and ground cover;
2. Performing Arts. These include the theater, play, dance, and music. They involve movement,
speaking and gestures.
3. Literary Arts. These include the short stories, novels, poetry and dramas.
4. Popular Arts. These include the film, newspaper, magazine, radio and television. This group is
characterized as gay and lively.
5. Gustatory Art of the Cuisine. This involves skills in food preparation.
6. Decorative Arts. They are visual objects produced for beautifying houses, offices, cars and
other structures. They are also called applied arts.
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Estolas, Josefina V., Clarita G. Javier, & Nieves Pada-Payno. Introduction to Humanities(Arts
for Fine Living). Mandaluyong City: National Book Store, Inc.
Sanchez, Abad, and Jao (2001) grouped arts into:
1. Visual arts. These include graphic arts (which include drawing, painting, photography, etc. or
in which portrayals of forms and symbols are recorded on a two-dimensional surface) and
plastic arts (which comprise all fields of visual arts for which materials are arranged in three-
dimensional forms namely, structural architecture, interior arranging, crafts, sculpture,
industrial design, dress and costume design and theatre design.
2. Literature. These include drama, essay, prose fiction, poetry, and miscellaneous (history,
biography, journals, diaries, and other works not formally classed as literature).
3. Music. These include vocal music; instrumental music; music combined with other music like
opera, operatta and musical comedy, oratorio and cantata; and other forms like ballet music and
background music for motion pictures.
4. Drama and Theater. These include tragedy, melodrama, comedy, miscellaneous
5. Dance. These include ethnologic, social or ballroom dances, ballet, modern, musical comedy
Sanchez, Custodiosa A., Paz F. Abad, & Loreta V. Jao. (2001). Introduction to Humanities.
Quezon City: Rex Printing Company, Inc.
Barrios( ) classified arts into two: according to purpose and according to media and forms.
1. According to purpose
A. Practical or useful arts are those human activities directed to produce artifacts, tools
and utensils used in doing households and everyday chores.
Examples: basket weaving agriculture, etc.
B. Liberal Arts involve the development of man’ intellectual reasoning.
Examples: Mathematics, Astronomy, Grammar
C. Fine Arts are the products of the human creative activity as they express beauty in
different ways and media for the satisfaction and relaxation of man’s mind and spirit.
Examples: painting, sculpture, architecture
D. Major Arts are characterized by their actual and potential expressiveness and by a
purely disinterested purpose.
Examples: music, poetry, sculpture
E. Minor Arts are works connected with practical uses and purposes.
Examples: interior decoration, porcelain
2. According to Media and Forms

A. Plastic Arts are developed through space and perceived by the sense of sight.
Examples: painting, sculpture, architecture
B. Phonetic Arts are based on sounds and words as media of expression.
Examples: music, drama, literature
C. Kinetic Arts make use of the rhythmic movement as the elements of expression.
Example: dance
D. Pure Arts utilize only one medium of expression.
Examples: sound in music, color in painting
E. Mixed Arts use two or more media.
Example: The opera(which is a combination of music, poetry, and drama)
Barrios, Romeo A. ( ). An Experimental Approach in the Study of the Humanities. Ermita, Manila:
Educational Publishing House.
Module 6
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FUNCTION OF ARTS
Every art form has a definite function since it satisfies a particular need. To the layman, art may have
little function. Some find meaning in art in its ability to serve the purpose for which it was designed.
Obviously, architecture is directly and almost entirely functional because buildings and other structures
are always built for some special purpose. Music and dance were used in ancients’ rituals and worship
of the gods, for social and folk entertainment, as well in the military. Painting and sculpture may be
used to narrate events, to portray people or events, to instruct (as in the case of Christian Art), to
commemorate individuals or historical events, and to serve as vehicles of personal expression. Metal
works such as gates, grills, lamps, Christian Religious objects, armor, weapons, and tools, ceramics,
glassware, stained glass, mosaic, tilework, textile, and furniture are among the many types of arts or
craft. Each of these examples is made for some definite and specific use.
The Four Main Functions of art are:
1. Aesthetic Function – Through Art, man becomes conscious of the beauty of nature. He benefits
from his own work and from those done by his fellowmen. He learns to use, love, and preserve them
for his enjoyment and appreciation.
2. Utilitarian Function – With the creation of the various forms of art, man now lives in comfort and
happiness. Through art, man is provided with shelter, clothing, food, light, medicine, beautiful
surroundings, personal ornamentals, entertainment, language, transportation, and other necessities and
conveniences of life. Art not only enriches man’s life but also improves nature through landscape
gardening, creation of super highways, and through propagation and conversation of natural resources.
3. Cultural Function – Through the printed matter, art transmit and preserves skills and knowledge
form one generation to another. It makes man aware of his/her cultural background, making him/her
more knowledgeable and his/her life more enduring and satisfying.
4. Social Function – Through Civic and graphic arts, man learns to love and help each other.
International understanding and cooperation are fostered and nations become more unified, friendly,
cooperative, helpful, and sympathetic.
Assessment:
Instructions: Site some Events/Scenarios in your life where you can say that art really serves its
function in your day to day activities.
Functions of Art Scenarios
Aesthetic Function
Utilitarian Function
Cultural Function
Cultural Function
To do Activity
Make a Daily Journal for a week and state the functions of art in the context of enhancing your
personality.
Day Journal
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Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
Module 7
Knowing the Subject in Art AND Subject and Content in Art
Introduction
Every time we see a piece of art, the first question we ask is “What is all about?” We are
interested of the image which can be seen in the art. This is what we call subject. Thus, this module
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focuses on the subject used in

art and the reason of choosing such.
Learning Outcomes
At end of the session, learners are expected to:
a. Distinguish representational from non-representational art;
b. Discuss the different subjects used by an artist; and
c. Present a research work.
Discussion
Subject in art refers to any person, object, scene, or event described or represented in a work of art. In
the case of a story, poem or music, subject is the main idea, character or theme of a composition.
The use of subject in art may be classified into two:

A. Representational or objective art are works of art that have visible subject.
Painting, sculpture, the graphics arts, literature, and the theater arts are considered
representational arts.
B. Non-representational or non-objective art are those that do not have visible subject.
Music, architecture, and many of the functional arts are non-representational.
They appeal directly to the senses primarily because of the satisfying organization of their
sensuous and expressive elements.
Subject refers to the objects depicted by the artist.
Content refers to what the artist expresses or communicates on the whole in his work.
- Sometimes it is spoken of as the meaning of the work.
- In literature it is called the “theme”.
- It reveals the attitude toward his subject.
Subject matter may acquire different levels of meaning:

1. Factual meaning is the literal statement or the narrative content in the work which can be
directly apprehended because the objects presented are easily recognized.
2. Conventional meaning refers to the special meaning that a certain object or color has for a
particular culture or group of people.
Example;
Flag is the agreed-upon symbol for a nation.
Cross is a Christian symbol of faith
Wheel is the Buddhist symbol for the teachings of Gautama Buddha
3. Subjective meaning is any personal meaning consciously or unconsciously conveyed by the
artist using a private symbolism which stems from his own association of certain objects,
actions, or colors with past experiences.
- This can be fully understood only when the artist himself explains what he really means.
Common subject depicted in art

1. Landscape, seascape, cityscape
- Artists have always been fascinated with their physical environment.

- Filipino painters have captures on canvas the Philippine countryside, as well as the sea
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bathed in pale
moonlight or catching the reflection of the setting sun.
- Fernando Amorsolo romanticized Philippine landscapes, turning the rural areas into idyllic
places where agrarian problems are virtually unknown.
- Modern painters seem to more attracted to scenes in cities. Traffic jams, high-rises, and
skylines marked by uneven rooftops and television antennae have caught their fancy.
2. Still life
- Groups of inanimate objects arranged in an indoors setting such as flower and fruit
arrangements, musical instruments, dishes of food on dining tables.
3. Animals
- The earliest known paintings are representations of animals on the walls of caves.
- In fact, the carabao has been a favorite subject of Filipino artists.
4. Portraits
- A portrait is a realistic likeness of a person in a sculpture, painting, drawing, or print.

- Besides the face, other things worth noticing in portraits are the subject’s hand, which can
be very expressive, and his particular attire and accessories. They reveal so much of the
person and his time.
- Portraits are also used to mark milestones in people’s lives. Baptisms, graduations, and
weddings are often occasions for people to pose for their portraits.
5. Figures
- The sculpture’s chief subject has traditionally been the human body, nude or clothed.
- The grace and ideal proportions of the human form were captured in religious sculpture by
the ancient Greeks. To them physical beauty was the symbol of moral and spiritual
perfections; thus, they portrayed their gods and goddesses as possessing human shapes.
6. Everyday life
- Artists have always shown deep concern about life around them.
- Rice threshers, cockfighters, candle vendors, street musicians, children at play, etc.
7. History and legend
-History consists of verifiable facts, legends of unverifiable ones.

-Juan Luna’s Blood Compact, not at Malacanang, commemorates the agreement between
Sikatuna and Legaspi which they supposedly sealed by drinking wine in which drops of each
other’s blood had been mixed.
-Luna’s prize-winning Spolarium depicts a scene during the days of the early Roman Empire
when gladiatorial fights were a popular form of entertainment for the upper class.
-At Ford Santiago are paintings showing incidents in the life of Jose Rizal.
-Malakas and Maganda and Mariang Makiling are among the legendary subjects which have
been rendered in painting and sculpture by not a few Filipino artists.
8. Religion and myths
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-Most of the world’s religions have used arts to aid worship, to instruct, to inspire feelings of
devotion, and to impress and covert non-believers.
-Some Filipino artists attempted to render in art not only traditional religious themes but folk
beliefs in creatures of lower mythology as well. Solomon Saprid has done statues of the
tikbalang, and some painters have rendered their own ideas about the matanda sa punso,
asuwang, tianak, mankukulam.
9. Dreams and fantasies
- Dreams are usually vague and illogical.

- Artist, especially the surrealist, have tried to depict dreams, as well as the grotesque terrors
and apprehensions that lurk in the depths of the subconscious.
Research Work
1. Have a research about the life of Maranaws. Try to look into the value or importance
sarimanok.
2. Look for a piece of art that depicts the history of the Philippines.
Module 8
Ways of Representing a Subject
Introduction
The manner of representing subject matter varies according to the inventiveness and purpose of
each artist. In presenting everything, certain methods are employed in order to be effective. Just for
example, in presenting the art subject, the artist uses different methods to express the idea he wants to
make clear.
Learning Outcomes
1. Discuss each of the methods in representing a subject.
Discussion
THE DIFFERENT METHODS USED BY ARTIST IN PRESENTING THE ART SUBJECTS ARE:
1. Realism
-In art this is the attempt to portray the subject as it is. Even when the artist chooses a
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subject from nature, he

selects, changes, and arranges details to express ideas he wants to make clear. Realist try to be as
objective as possible. In realism, the artist main function is describe as accurately and honestly as
possible what is observed through the senses.
- is a common way of presenting the art subject. Example of this are Amorsolo’s painting.
- tended to stress the daily life of a common man, often concentrating on the sordid and
disagreeable.
-Poetry and drama were influenced by realism, but it was on the novel that realism achieved
greatness
Note:
- In the process of selecting and presenting his material, he cannot help being influenced by what
he feels or thinks.
-Examples of novels who were influenced by the ideas of realism:
1. Edgardo Reyes- Sa mga kuko ng liwanag.
2. Efren Abueg- Dilim sa umaga.
2.Abstraction
This is used when the artist becomes too interested in one phase of scene or situation that he does
not show the subject as an objective reality, but only his idea, or his feeling about it.
-Abstract means “to move a way or to seperate”. Abstract art moves away from showing things as
they really are. The painter or artist paints the picture not as it really are. The painter of artist paints
the picture not as it really looked. The picture is not just life. It is not “realistic”.
-abstract subjects can also be presented in many ways like:
 Distortion - this is a clearly manifested when the subject is in misshapen condition, or the regular
shape is twisted out.
- Example: Henry Moore’s sculptural works and the ancient egyptian paintings and sculptural works
are good examples of this kind.
 Elongation- it refers to that which is being lengthened, a protractor or an extension.

-Example:El Greco’s elongated body of Jesus Christ in his “ Ressurection”is an example of elongation.
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Ajuy, Iloilo
 Mangling-this may not be a commonly used way of presenting an abstract, but there are few artists
who show subject or objects which are cut, lacerated, mutlated or with repeated blows.
 Cubism-it stresses abstract from through the use of a cone, cylinder, or shape at the expense of
other pictorial elements. The cubist want to show forms in their basic geometrical shapes.
-Example: Paul Cezanne’s works played an important part in the development of cubism. It was further
developed by George Braque of france and Pablo Picasso of Spain.
 Abstract Expressionism- a style of abstract painting that originated in New York City after World
War II and gained and international vague.
-The term abstract expressionism was first applied to the New York school, whose work is
characterized by great verve, the use of large canvasses, and a deliberate lack of refinement in the
application of the paint.
-In other words, abstract expressionism departs completely from subject matter from studied precision,
and from any kind of preconceived design. Jackson Pollock was one of the abstract expressionist
painters of the New York school.
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3. Symbolism- a symbol, in
general, is a visible sign of something invisible such as an idea or a quality. It can be simply an
emblem or sign like:% to represent percent, a lion to represent a courage, a lamb to represent
meekness. These well known symbols arise from conventional usage, association, and general
relationship. The conventional type of symbol is not absent for works of art.
-But in poetry and painting, the symbol has a feer development. It transcends the everyday run-of-
the-mill sign and assumes a new and fresh meaning, originating from a highly personal and even
unique association form in the mind of the poet or painters.
-Example: Alfred Lord Tennyson’s “Crossing the Bar”

For tho’ from out our bourne of time and place
The flood may bear me far
I hope to see my pilot face to face
When I have cross the bar.
- the last two lines symbolical for it clearly shows the strong desire of the authors to see God when he
dies.
- If a man has a hundred sheep and one of them strays, does he not live the ninety-nine on the
mountains to go out in search of the stray one? And if he manage to find it, I assure you that he is
happier over that one than over the ninety-nine that did not stray. So, it is not the will of your heavenly
Father that one of these little ones should be lost.
Mathew 18:12-14
- A number of indespensable painting of noted Filipino painters are found in the National
Museum. An example id the Giant size painting of Juan Luna, painted in Rome. July 1883 to
March 1884. This say painting won the first gold medal in the Madrid exposition of the fine arts
in 1884. The “Spoliarium” is an old painting on canvas 4.25 meter by 7.75 meter.
-The “Lion of Lucerne”, famous masterpiece of the early 19 th century is dedicated to the memory
of the heroic fight and final defeat of the swiss guard in 1792 in Paris. August 10 th of the year
marks the beginning of the bloody days of the French Revolution with the storming of the royal
palace. The lion always considered a symbol of courage and strength, served the artist to
demonstrate a fragic event a fight to the death.
- The model is the work of the famous Danish Sculptor Berrtel Thorwaldsen (1789-1056) and was
hewn into the rock 1820/21 by L. Ahorn (1789-1856)
4. Fauvism- Fauvism is the style of les Fauves (French for "the wild beasts"), a group of early 20th-
century modern artists whose works emphasized painterly qualities and strong color over the
representational or realistic values retained by Impressionism.This was first important art
movement of the 1900’s. Henry Matisse led the movement and the other important fauves
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included Andre Derain,

Raoul Drify, George Rouault, all from France.
(example. Different kinds of color)
5. Surrealism- Realism plus distortion

6. Futurism-Future art
1.
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Module 1-8 - Art Appreciation

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Republic of the Philippines

NORTHERN ILOILO POLYTECHNIC STATE COLLEGE

LOUIEGE B. BAÑAS, LPT,

1|Page GE 5 – ART APPRECIATION

Course Title: ART

 Demonstrate an understanding and appreciation of arts in general, including

 Analyze and appraise works of art based on aesthetic value, historical

 Deepen their sensitivity to self, community, and society

2|Page GE 5 – ART APPRECIATION

Module 1. Embracing the Humanities

Module 2. Understanding the Arts

Module 3. Distinguishing Artist from Artisan

Module 4: Recognizing GAMABA and the National Artists

Module 5. Classifying the Arts

Module 14: Appreciating Literary Arts

3|Page GE 5 – ART APPRECIATION

questions a man asks about

line, color, or design, the arts

Metaphysics is a part of philosophy which is concerned with understanding reality and

II. Compare and contrast the Humanities and the Sciences.

5|Page GE 5 – ART APPRECIATION

III. What is the value of studying the Humanities?

6|Page GE 5 – ART APPRECIATION

(What You Know) (What You

This time, let’s look at the definitions given by different artists.

“Art teaches nothing, except the significance of life.” (Henry Miller)

“Art is higher type of knowledge than experience.” (Aristotle)

What are the different assumptions about art?

Art as Expression and Communication

Art and Experience

7|Page GE 5 – ART APPRECIATION

 Three major kinds of

Artwork Message Photo

1. How does art involve experience?

2. Why is art message universal?

At the end of the session, you are expected to:

Artists work in the fine arts,

Take a look at these famous artists.

symbol of national identity. The

everything that makes our life

Job responsibilities of an Artisan include:

Take a look at this famous Filipino artisan.

Other artisans engage themselves in producing different products.

LOOK: Dumagat artisans turn driftwood into artworks

Video about Dumagat Artisans

conversation about their lives.

Uses aesthetic Creates things Considers Produces arts Engages in

At the end of the session, you are expected to:

a. discuss the background of the GAMABA;

What are the incentives received by the awardee?

GINAW BILOG (+ 2003), Poet, Hanunuo Mangyan,

SAMAON SULAIMAN (+ 2011), Musician,

 He was awarded for his outstanding artistry and

 He was awarded for his exemplary skills in

SALINTA MONON (+ 2009), Textile Weaver,

ALONZO SACLAG, Musician and Dancer, Kalinga

 A Kalinga of Lubuagan, Kalinga was

 He has worked hard to document the oral

UWANG AHADAS, Musician, Yakan , Lamitan,

 A Yakan of Lamitan, Basilan was awared for his

EDUARDO MUTUC, Metalsmith, Kapampangan ,

 A Kapampangan from Central Luzon is

 She is one of the master weavers in the