Jurnal Petro 2021 P-ISSN : 1907-0438

VOLUME X No. 4, Desember 2021

http://trijurnal.lemlit.trisakti.ac.id/index.php/petro E-ISSN : 2614-7297

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF OIL AND WATER PRODUCTION IN

FIELD X USING DIAGNOSTIC PLOT

Rizki Nabila1, Mohammad Wildan A.2, Ajeng Purna Putra

Oktaviani1
1
Teknik Perminyakan, Universitas Pertamina
2
PT. Pertamina (Persero)
Email of Corresponding Author : rizkinbila@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Production wells have to be evaluated periodically, one of the problems that can occur is early
water problems. Using X-Plot, Chan’s Diagnostic Plot, Decline Curve Analysis and Hall Plot analysis
be able to detect RN-01 and RN-02 wells experienced multilayer channeling and RN-03 experienced
normal displacement with high WOR.

Keywords: Water Chaneling, X-Plot, Chan’s Plot, Hall Plot, Decline Curve Analysis

cutfeatures. In this plot only used water cut

INTRODUCTION
Wells that produce oil are declared to
have economic value if they are able to produce
large amounts of oil and get profits. However,
it is unavoidable that a problem is often found
during the production process, one of these
problems is the production of premature or
excess water from the reservoir which can
significantly affect the oil production process.
Some of the most common early water
production problems are caused by water
coning and water chaneling. Early water
production can cause cost implications for
surface facilities, artificial lift systems,
corrosion and scale problems, decreased
recovery factor and reduced reservoir
performance.
The method used in this paper is based
on the X plot method, Chan's Diagnostic Plot
and Decline Curve Analysis to determine the
performance of the production well before the
well is diverted into an injection well. The Hall
Plot method is used to evaluate the performance
of injection wells.
METHODOLOGY
X-plot method is a waterflood
analysis method derived from buckley-
leverett's 1-D equation (Ershaghi and
Omoregie, 1978) based on the semi-log
relationship between the ratio of oil/water
relative permeability to water saturation. The
X-plot method is a linear relationship between
cumulative oil (Qo) and variable water-
>50%. Changes in the slope of the three wells
indicate that the wells have layers with varying
permeability (Echufu, 2010).
Limitations on application in the field
include: period waterflood after breakthrough,
poor mobility ratio in field conditions and
operating processes such as infill drilling and
the addition of perforation intervals that can
affect parameters m and n. These limits are
used to minimize errors in results.
For X-Plot, the calculation of the value X is
used using the formula:
….…………………(2.1)
Where:
…….......(2.2)
Chan Diagnostic Plot is a method used
to determine the mechanism of excessive water
and gas production in wells that produce oil (oil
well only). Chan Diagnostic plot uses the plot
between WOR versus time and logs of plot
between WOR derivative versus time to
determine the problem of water behavior in the
production well. There are 3 mechanisms of
excessive production of water in production
wells: coning, channeling and high permeability
layer breakthrough. (Chan, 1995).
…………………(2.3)
………………(2.4)

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 Jurnal Petro 2021 P-ISSN : 1907-0438
VOLUME X No. 4, Desember 2021
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remaining oil or gas reserves of a reservoir that

has decreased production and has not changed
its production method. Decline Curve itself is
divided into 3 types of trendline decline based
on exponent decline value (b):
• Exponential Decline (b=0)
• Hyperbolic Decline (0<b<1)
• Harmonic Decline (b=1)
The X2 chisquare test trial error method
estimates value of the exponential decline rate
(Di), and the estimated rate of future oil
production (Qo Forecast). From the results of
Using Chan's Water Diagnostic Plot,
this test will be produced the most aligned curve
shows that well RN-01 has multilayer
for the analysis of the decline curve, which is a
curve that has the smallest value of X2 after channeling as shown below:
which the remaining amount of oil reserves, Chan's Plot RN-01
ultimate recovery and the age of the well. 1000
Positive Slope
The Hall plot method is a method used to 100

WOR/WOR'
analyze the injection performance in the 10
1
injection well and analyze the problems that
0,1
occur in the well and conclude whether the
0,01 Positive Slope
injection well is efficient or not. Hall's analysis 0,001

of the plot was done by plotting the injection Sep-11 Apr-12 Oct-12 May-13
Time
Nov-13 Jun-14 Dec-14

pressure versus the cumulative injected water.

WOR WOR '
This method uses the assumption of steady-
stated injection rate. Figure 2. Chan’s Diagnostic Plot RN-01

X-Plot analysis of the RN-01 well

RESULT AND DISCUSSION shows that the well has a slope that indicates the
By using field X production data layering of permeability variation.
owned by PT. Pertamina EP, an evaluation is
X-Plot RN-01
carried out using the methods that have been 1,76
studied.
Cum. Oil Prod x 10000(STB)

1,72 Changing slopes

indicate layers with

WELL RN-01 permeability variation

1,68
RN-01 well showed production
began in July 2004 with an oil production rate 1,64

of 867 bbl/day, water production rate of 557 1,6

-,
bbl/day and water cut by 28%, production at 2 52 -2,52 -2,57 -2,63
X
RN-01 wells lasted until February 2015 with oil
production flow rate of 0 bbl/d, water flow rate Figure 3. X-Plot RN-01
of 1360 bbl/day and water cut 100%. In
Based on result of Decline Curve analysis, the
September 2008 there was a drastic decline in life-time forecast of RN-01 wells can produce
oil production and in june 2011 oil until 29 January 2015. This can confirm that
productionwas very low while water production RN-01 wells are no longer economical in oil
was high which indicates a problem. production so that conclude that RN-01 wells
can convert to injection wells.

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production was very low while water production

was high which indicates a problem.

Figure 4. Qo vs Time RN-01

After being converted into an injection

well, an analysis of the rate of water injection
Figure 7. Production Rate vs Time RN-02
and well pressure in the RN-01 well showed
that the improvement of the well was normal.
Using Chan's Water Diagnostic Plot,
shows that well RN-02 has multilayer
channeling as shown below:

Figure 5. Water injection rate and pressure vs

Time RN-01

This analysis also supported by the

Figure 8. Chan’s Diagnostic Plot RN-02
results of Hall Plot this analysis also showed
that the well was stable. X-Plot analysis of the RN-02 well
shows that the well has a slope that indicates
the layering of permeability variation.

Figure 6. Hall Plot RN-01

WELL RN-02
RN-02 well showed production
started in October 2007 at an oil production
rate of 224 bbl/day, water production rate of
512 bbl/day and water cut by 30%, production
at the RN-02 well lasted until May 2012 with
an oil production flow rate of 2 bbl/d, water
flow rate of 1907 bbl/day and water cut 95%.
In February 2010 there was a drastic decline in
oil production and in September 2011 oil
Figure 9. X-Plot RN-02
Based on result of Decline Curve
analysis, the life-time forecast of RN-02 wells
can produce until 8 Juni 2012. This can confirm
that RN-02 wells are no longer economical in oil
production so that conclude that RN-02 wells can
be convert to injection wells.

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lasted until December 2019 with an oil production

flow rate of 0 bbl/d, water flow rate of 1266
bbl/day and water cut 100%. RN-03 showing
normal decline oil production but the water
production are high.

Figure 10. Qo vs Time RN-02

After being converted into an injection

well, an analysis of the rate of water injection
and well pressure in RN-02 well showed that
the well pressure increases in the beginning but
Figure 13. Production Rate vs Time Sumur
in September 2018 the rate of water injection
RN-03
was very high but the increase in well pressure
was low which indicates a problem. Using Chan's Water Diagnostic Plot,
shows that well RN-03 has Normal
Displacemet with High WOR as shown below:

Figure 11. Water injection rate and pressure vs

Time RN-02

This analysis also supported by the
results of Hall Plot analysis which showed that
the well have negative skin or injecting above
parting pressure.
Figure 14. Chan’s Diagnostic Plot RN-03
X-Plot analysis of the RN-03 well
shows that the well has no slope that indicates
that there is no layering as shown in Figure 15.
X-Plot RN-03
33,5
Cum. Oil Prod (STB) x 10000

33

32,5

32
-2,04 -2,05 -2,05 -2,10
X

Figure 12. Hall Plot RN-02 Figure 15. X-Plot RN-03

WELL RN-03 Based on result of Decline Curve analysis, the

RN-03 well showed production began in life-time forecast of RN-03 wells can produce
July 2007 with an oil production rate of 2839 until 28 April 2019. This can confirm that RN-
bbl/day, water production rate of 0 bbl/day and 03 wells are no longer economical in oil
water cut by 0%, production at the RN-03 well

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VOLUME X No. 4, Desember 2021
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production so that conclude that RN-03 wells
can be convert to injection wells.
Figure 16. Qo vs Time RN-03
After being converted into an injection
well, an analysis of the rate of water injection and
well pressure in the RN-03 well showed that the
improvement of the well was normal.
2. To find out the problems that occur in a
production well that has high water
production problems we can analyze by
plotting between production rate vs. time to
find out the production capabilities of the
well. X Plot can be used to evaluate
waterflood performance and diagnose
layering in multilayered systems, Chan’s
Water Diagnostic Plot is also used to analyze
water behavior problems in wells, otherwise
Decline Curve Analysis is used to determine
the production age of the well until reach its
economic limit rate and Hall plot method is
used to analyze injection performance at
injection wells.
3. The RN-01 and RN-02 wells has Multilayer
Channeling and RN-03 is Normal
Displacement with High WOR.

DAFTAR PUSTAKA
 Alexis, E.-A. O. (2010). Diagnostic Plots
for Analysis of Water Production and
Reservoir Performance. Abuja-
Nigeria: African University of Science and
Technology.
 Chan Chan, K. (1995). Water Contol
Diagnostic
 Data Perhitungan Kinerja Produksi Minyak
Figure 17. Water injection rate and pressure vs dengan Metode Decline Curve Analysis.
Time RN-03 (n.d.). Retrieved from Repository Trisakti.
 Do, N. V. (2020). Applications of the Hall
This analysis is supported by the results Plot Method For Monitoring and Prediction
of Hall Plot analysis which showed that the well of PWRI Performance. Retrieved from
was stable. Applications of the Hall Plot Method For
Monitoring and Prediction of PWRI
Performance
 I. Ershaghi, L. H. (1988). Application of
the x-Plot Technique to the Study of Water
Influx in the Sidi EI-Itayem Reservoir,
Tunisia. Journal of Petroleum Technology.
 Irwin, R. W. (2015). PENENTUAN ISI
AWAL MINYAK DAN PERAMALAN
PRODUKSI NYA DENGAN DECLINE
CURVE ANALYSIS DI LAPANGAN
“R”. Seminar Nasional Cendekiawa
 Yang, Z. (2009). A New Diagnostic Analysis
Figure 18. Hall Plot RN-03 Method forWaterflood Performance. SPE,
 V. Aera Energy LLC.
 Yang, Z. (2017). Clarifying and Improving
CONCLUSION the Application of Waterflood Analytical
Methods in X-plot Conditions – from
1. By using only production data, monitoring and
Empirical Approach to Analytical
evaluating wells can be done effectively.
Approach. California: SPE International.

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