ART APPRECIATION

UNIT - I
The Definition of Art

The expression or application of human creative skill and imagination, typically in a

visual form such as painting or sculpture, producing works to be appreciated primarily
for their beauty or emotional power.
Art is a diverse range of human activities in creating visual, auditory or performing
artworks , expressing the author's imaginative, conceptual ideas, or technical skill,
intended to be appreciated for their beauty or emotional power. Other activities
related to the production of works of art include the criticism of art, and the study
of the history of art.
There is no universally accepted definition of art. Although commonly used to describe
something of beauty, the expression or application of human creative skill and
imagination which produces an aesthetic works to be appreciated primarily for their
beauty or emotional power.

 What Makes Art Beautiful.

Beauty in terms of art refers to an interaction between line, colour, texture, sound,
shape, motion, and size that is pleasing to the senses.
 Who Is an Artist.
An artist is a person who is involved in the wide range of activities that are related to
creating art.
Link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QZQyV9BB50E
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dwK4zv5rdbA

 what is painting in art.

Painting is the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a solid

surface (called the "matrix" or "support"). ... In art, the term painting describes both
the act and the result of the action (the final work is called "a painting").

A painting is an image (artwork) created using pigments (color) on a surface

(ground) such as paper or canvas. The pigment may be in a wet form, such as paint,
or a dry form, such as pastels.

Painting can also be a verb, the action of creating such an artwork.

The evolution of the Idea of Art
Before 11th century……………A time when there was no concept of “ART” as we understand
them today. In this time what we today consider art works like painted pottery and
manuscripts were produced and these objects may have been appreciated in various ways
and often admired, but not as "art" in the current sense.

By 11th and 12th century …."Skill at doing anything as a result of knowledge and practice” -
Definition by oxford dictionary (Skill at everything from mathematics to medicine) 11th and
12th centuries was romanesque architecture.  Characterised by thick walls, round arches,
piers, barrel vaults (a type of roofing formed by a series of round arches), groin vaults
(double barrel vaults) and columns.

15th and 16th centuries……… The idea of an object being a "work of art" emerges, together
with the concept of the Artist, in Italy. During renaissance Art emerged as a collective term
encompassing painting, sculpture and Architecture.Rise in the social status of the artist
equated with poets and musicians.

Late 16th century……………… In the latter half of the 16th century the first academies of art
were founded, first in Italy, then in France, and later elsewhere.Academies took on the task
of educating the artist through a course of instruction that included such subjects as
geometry and anatomy. Out of the academies emerged the term "Fine Arts" which held to a
very narrow definition of what constituted art. Art now included Music and poetry and
was known as “Fine arts” which excluded decorative arts and craft like pottery, furniture
making, weaving, metal working etc. which have utility as an end. A change in attitude, art
is described as "A pursuit or occupation in which skill is directed toward the ratification of
taste or production of what is beautiful.“

19th century…………….. The institutionalizing of art in the academies eventually

provoked a reaction to its strictures and definitions in the 19th century at which time new
claims were made about the nature of painting and sculpture. By the middle of the
century, "modernist" a approaches were introduced which adopted new subject matter and
new painterly values. In large measure, the modern artists rejected, or contradicted, the
standards and principles of the academies and the Renaissance tradition. By the end of the
19th century and the beginning of the 20th, artists began to formulate the notion of truth to
one's materials, recognizing that paint is pigment and the canvas a two-dimensional surface.
At this time the call also went up for "Art for Art's Sake."
The birth of Modernism through such movements as impressionism,
expressionism, and Symbolism. Underlying most of the modernist movements have been
earnest efforts at social engineering- utopianism for the new industrial state that was taking
shape.

Link :

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nxes8pyHkJc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lr0Vjnsa-WY

Definition of Art is Limited by Era and Culture:

• Another thing to be aware of, is the fact that art reflects and belongs to the
period and culture from which it is spawned.

• After all, how can we compare prehistoric murals (e.g. stone age cave painting)
or tribal art, or native Oceanic art, or primitive African art, with Michelangelo's 16th
century Old Testament frescoes on the walls and ceiling of the Sistine Chapel?
Political events are the most obvious era-factors that influence art: for example, art
styles like Expressionism, Dada, and Surrealism were products of political uncertainty
and upheavals.

• Cultural differences also act as natural borders. After all, Western draughtsman ship
is light years away from Chinese calligraphy; and what Western art forms compares
with the art of origami paper folding from Japan? Religion is a major cultural variable
that alters the shape of the artistic envelope. The Baroque style was strongly
influenced by the Catholic Counter-Reformation, while Islamic art (like Orthodox
Christianity), forbids certain types of artistic iconography.

• In other words, whatever definition of art we arrive at, it is bound to be limited to

our era and culture. Even then, categories like Outsider art have to be taken into
consideration

Five Reasons Why We Need Art:

Art, in its many forms, exists in every community, every culture, and every country. Art has
been created since time began, evidenced in cave paintings and rock art, and in today’s
world we know that art can be a major economic force, yet we continue to question the
worth of art.Often I have heard someone dismiss a work of art by saying, “I could do that” or
“I don’t understand it”. Perhaps not placing value on something that we ourselves could
make or expecting things to be easily understood speaks to the loss of thoughtfulness and
creativity in our world and only magnifies our need for the arts.

Here are five reasons why I believe we need art:

1. Art is a Natural Human Behavior: Creating art is a primal behavior. Children, the

world over, instinctively make. Every culture has art. Like language and laughter, art
is a fundamental human behavior. Put very simply, art is a part of who we are.  We
need art because it makes us complete human beings.

2. Art is Communication: Art, like language, is a medium to express ideas and to share
information.  Art offers us a method to communicate what we may not necessarily fully
understand or know how to express. Art helps us to share thoughts, ideas and visions that
may not be able to be articulated any other way. We need art to have a full range of
expression.
3. Art is Healing: Creating or experiencing art can relax us or it may enliven and stimulate
us. The process of creating art engages both the body and the mind and provides us with
time to look inward and reflect.  Experiencing art also gives us reason to think and be
reflective or may inspire us to get up and dance.  Art provides a release, a place for
reflection and away to engage our whole selves. .We need art to keep us healthy.

4. Art Tells Our Story: Art is a history lesson, an historical record, a preservation of culture,
and an autobiography all in one.  Art documents events and experiences and allows us a
richer understanding of history. Art reflects cultural values, beliefs and identity and helps to
preserve the many different communities that make up our world. Art chronicles our own
lives and experiences over time. We need art to understand and to share our individual
and shared history.

5. Art is a Shared Experience: The creation of art is a collective activity. Art forms such as
dance, theatre and choir all require a group of artists and an audience. Even the solitary
painter or poet relies upon the craft of the paint-maker or book-binder to help create art.
Art offers us a reason to come together and share in an experience. We need art to keep us
connected.

Role of artist:

They were to produce a record of their surroundings; to express emotions in a tangible or

visible manner; to reveal truths that were either universal or hidden; and to help people
view the world from a different or novel perspective. The roles of modern artists may
incorporate some of the traditional elements, but their functions are also defined by the
type of art they choose to pursue.

Roles of art in society: Art has many roles and functions in society, ranging from simple
description of our lives, to scientific portraits of flora and fauna, to enhancing our everyday
lives.

Description : A traditional role of visual art is to describe ourselves and our surroundings.
Some of the earliest artworks discovered are drawings and paintings of humans and wild
animals on walls deep within prehistoric caves. One recurring image is a hand print: a
universal symbol of human communication.

Portraits - Portraits capture the accuracy of physical characteristics, but the very best also
transfer a sense of an individual’s unique personality. For thousands of years, this role was
reserved for images of those in positions of power, influence, and authority. The portrait not
only signifies who they are, but also solidifies class structure by presenting only the highest-
ranking members of a society. The portrait bust of Egyptian Queen Nefertiti exemplifies
beauty and royalty. The full-length Imperial Portrait of Chinese Emperor Xianfeng not only
shows realism in the likeness of the emperor, but also exults in the patterns and colors of his
robe and the throne behind him.
Landscapes- by themselves, give us detailed information about our natural and human
made surroundings; things like location, architecture, time of day, year, or season, plus
other physical information such as geological elements and the plants and animals within a
particular region. Nebamun Hunting Fowl is loaded with specific plant and animal life in
Egypt's Nile river delta. This wall painting shows the scribe Nebamun as he stands in a reed
boat near a thicket of papyrus capturing ducks. His cat actively grabs at two birds as they try
to fly away. Amongst the different species are hawks, butterflies, herons, songbirds, and
fish.  The figure sitting in the boat is his daughter. The larger female figure standing at the
stern is his wife. The artist records the scene in great detail; he paints every feather on the
birds and every scale on the fish beneath the boat

Out of this striving for accuracy and documentation developed the art of scientific
illustration, an important part of scientific communication before the advent of
photography. Scientific illustrators concentrate on accuracy and utility rather than
aesthetics. They comment on many different types of scientific phenomena.

Enhancing our world:

Enhancing the world of our everyday lives is another role art plays. This role is
more utilitarian than others. It includes textiles and product design; embellishments to the
items we use everyday; and all the aesthetic considerations that create a more comfortable
and expressive environment.

Types of Art:
Art is a global activity which encompasses a host of disciplines, as evidenced by the range of
words and phrases which have been invented to describe its various forms. Examples of
such phraseology include: "Fine Arts", "Liberal Arts", "Visual Arts", "Decorative Arts",
"Applied Arts", "Design", "Crafts", "Performing Arts", and so on.

Fine Arts: Painting, Sculpture, Print making

Visual Arts : Drawing, Painting, Sculpture, Printmaking, Architecture, Design,

Crafts, Photography, Video, Filmmaking, Textiles and Ceramics,

Performing Arts: Dance, Music, Opera, Theatre and Musical theatre, Magic, Illusion,
Mime, Spoken word, Puppetry, Circus arts

Liberal Arts: History, Literature, Philosophy, Psychology, Mathematics, Humanities and

languages etc.

Applied Arts: Photography, Layout designs, Commercials, Film making etc.

In addition, entirely new forms of art have emerged during the 20th century, such
as: assemblage, conceptualism, collage, earthworks, installation, graffiti, and video, as well
as the broad conceptualist movement which challenges the essential value of an objective
"work of art"

Canvas
Fabrics that are prepared for painting. Available in panels, stretched on frames, or obtained
by the yard.

Ceramics
Used to describe the shaping, finishing and firing of clay.

Charcoal and Conte Crayon

In stick form, both give you a very strong, dark line. A disadvantage to these crayons is that
they break easily and tend to smudge. Can be found is stick form as well.
Painting:
Oil - In its simplest form, oil paint is a mixture of three things: pigment, binder and thinner.
Pigment is the colour element, while the binder (the oil) is the liquid vehicle or carrier which
holds the ground-up pigment to be applied to the canvas or whatever support is to be
painted.A thinner is usually added to the viscous pigment-oil mixture to make it easier to
apply with a brush.

Acrylic - It is a fast-drying paint made of pigment suspended in acrylic polymer emulsion.

Acrylic paints are water-soluble, but become water-resistant when dry. Depending on how
much the paint is diluted with water, or modified with acrylic gels, media, or pastes, the
finished acrylic painting can resemble a watercolor or an oil painting, or have its own unique
characteristics not attainable with other media.

Watercolour - artists' paint made with a water-soluble binder such as gum arabic, and

thinned with water rather than oil, giving a transparent colour. Watercolors are a type of
paint that can be mixed with water to create translucent layers of color on paper. You
can also call a painting made this way a watercolour. Historians believe that watercolor
painting has been around since Paleolithic cave paintings

Fresco – t is a technique of mural painting executed upon freshly-laid, or wet lime

plaster. Water is used as the vehicle for the pigment to merge with the plaster, and with the
setting of the plaster, the painting becomes an integral part of the wall.

The word fresco (Italian: affresco) is derived from the Italian adjective fresco meaning

"fresh", and may thus be contrasted with fresco-secco or secco mural painting techniques,
which are applied to dried plaster, to supplement painting in fresco. The fresco technique
has been employed since antiquity and is closely associated with Italian Renaissance
painting

Tempera - (also called egg tempera) was a method of painting that superceded

the encaustic painting method, only to be itself replaced by oil painting. Its name stems
from the Latin word temperare, meaning 'to mix in proportion'. Unlike encaustic paints
which contain beeswax to bind the colour pigments, or oil paints which use oils, tempera
employs an emulsion of water, egg yolks or whole eggs (occasionally with a little glue, honey
or milk).
Gouache - is a fine art term which describes a type of paint consisting of pigment combined
with gum arabic. Unlike watercolour painting, however, gouache contains chalk to make it
opaque and more reflective. Artists can use additives (eg. acrylic, honey or starch) to make it
dry more slowly. It is thinned with water (or liquid glue to retain tonality) before being
applied (with hog-hair or sable brushes) to white or tinted paper, card or silk.

Sculpture - Sculpture had four main defining characteristics. First, it was the only three
dimensional art form. Second, it was representational. Third, it was viewed as an art of solid
form. Any empty spaces involved were essentially secondary to its bulk or mass. Moreover,
as a solid form it had no movement. Fourth, traditional sculptors used only two main
techniques: carving or modelling. That is, they either carved directly from their chosen
material (eg. stone, wood), or they built up the sculpture from the inside, so to speak, using
clay, plaster, wax and the like.

David sculpture by Michelangelo wordls most famous statue.

Sculpture materials – Almost any material capable of being shaped in three dimensions can
be used in sculpting. But some materials like stone - especially hard limestone (marble) -
wood, clay, metal (eg. bronze), ivory and plaster have exceptional "plastic" attributes and
have therefore proved most popular to sculptors from prehistoric times onward. As a result,
for most of its history, sculpture has been created using four basic methods: stone carving,
wood carving, bronze casting and clay firing. A rare type was chryselephantine sculpture,
reserved exclusively for major cult statues.

Printmaking
The fine art of printmaking is concerned with the production of images by varying methods
of replication onto paper, parchment, fabric or other supports. The resulting fine prints
(impressions), while not 'original' in the sense of a fine art painting or drawing, are
considered nevertheless to be works of art in their own right, even though they exist in
multiples. It remains to be seen whether the latest fine printing techniques alter this
assessment.

Printmaking, which encompasses woodcuts, engraving, etching, mezzotint, aquatint, dry

point, lithography, screen-printing, digital prints and foil imaging is often a core component
of fine-arts training courses, and today's printmakers are grounded in most of these print
methods.

The Basic Printmaking Process: Prints are made from a single original plate or surface,
called a 'matrix'. There are several different types of matrix, including: plates of metal,
typically copper or zinc which are used for engravings or etchings; stone, which is used to
make lithographs; wood blocks, employed for woodcuts; linoleum, used for linocuts; fabric
plates, used in screen-printing, and others. Conventional fine prints are usually produced in
limited edition sets, each print being numbered and signed by the artist.

Techniques

There are three principal methods of printmaking, although there are several variations
within each method.

(1) Relief printing. Here the background is cut down, leaving a raised image which takes
the ink. Materials used in relief printing are usually wood and linoleum. To make a
relief print, the raised area of the wood or lino is inked (leaving the background
untouched) and paper is pressed onto it to receive the inked impression. Relief
printing is used for woodcut, woodblock, linocut and metal cut .

Relief Printing

In a relief print, the image is printed from the raised portion of a surface area after the artist
carves away areas s/he wants to appear white. It is the oldest form of printmaking, and these
prints are often characterized by bold dark and light contrasts.

To make a relief print, the artist uses a sharp tool to gouge out areas from a material such as
wood or linoleum. The areas that are removed will appear white in the final print, and the
inked raised portions will create the image. The artist uses a roller to apply ink to the raised
portions of the surface and places a sheet of paper on top of the inked surface. S/he transfers
the image onto the paper by either rubbing the back of the paper (hand-burnishing) or by
running the block and paper through a press.

Woodcut, wood engraving, and linocut are the three primary relief techniques.

 Woodcut
o In this process, the image is carved into wood blocks whose surfaces run
parallel to the grain. Because the grain is resistant to cutting, detail is often
difficult to achieve. However, with softer woods, the grain pattern itself is
often visible and can be incorporated into the composition of the final print.
 Wood Engraving
o In this process, the grain is not apparent in the print because the image is
carved into the end-grain surface of a wood block. This allows for much finer
detail than woodcuts can offer.
 Linocut
 o Here, the artist carves into linoleum which is usually backed with wood for
reinforcement. Since linoleum does not have a grain, this method can achieve
lines that are curvy and moderately detailed.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EVd8d65esag

(2) Intaglio printing (from the Italian 'intagliare' to engrave). In this process, a metal
plate is used, and the selected image is either engraved into the metal with a tool
known as a 'burin', or the plate is coated with a waxy acid-resistant substance called
'ground' upon which the design is drawn with a metal needle. The plate is then
soaked in acid which eats into the areas exposed by the drawing to produce an
image. Intaglio is used for engraving, etching, mezzotint, aquatint, chine-collé and
drypoint. Intaglio uses the opposite process to woodcuts, in that the raised portions
remain blank while the grooves or crevices are inked.

Engraving, drypoint, aquatint, and etching are the four primary intaglio techniques.

 Engraving
o This process is characterized by sharp, crisp lines that are created when the
artist uses a steel tool, called a burin, to carve into a copper or brass plate. The
deeper the cut, the thicker the line. Tonal areas are created by engraving cross-
hatched or parallel lines. The image that results is clear and precise.
 Drypoint
o In this process, the artist scratches a drawing onto a metal plate with a sharp
needle. Metal burrs that result from the scratching trap and hold the ink after
the plate is wiped clean. This creates a soft, heavy line that is unique to this
type of intaglio.
 Aquatint
o In this process the artist first dusts the metal plate with varying densities of an
acid-resistant powder called rosin that adheres to the plate when heated. As the
artist places the plate in an acid bath, the acid “bites” around each of the
dusted particles – this technique creates various tones from light to dark when
the plate is inked and printed.
 Etching
o In this process, a copper, zinc, or brass plate is covered with an acid-resistant
ground made of asphaltum, beeswax, rosin and solvent. After the artist
scratches an image into the ground with an etching needle or other sharp
object, s/he submerges the plate in an acid bath. The acid “bites” into the areas
where the ground has been scratched away creating clearly defined lines. The
longer the plate is submerged in the acid, the deeper the lines will become; this
results in heavier lines or darker prints. Photographic images can also be
transferred and etched into a metal plate.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SNKn4PORGBI&feature=youtu.be

(3) Planographic (surface-printing). In this process, the entire matrix surface is involved,
but some areas are treated to retain the ink. The best known example is lithography,
during which the design is drawn onto the matrix (stone) with a greasy crayon. Ink is
then applied to the whole surface, but adheres only to the grease marks of the
drawing. Other surface printing methods include stencil printmaking - where the
 image or design is cut out and then printed by spraying ink or paint through the
stencil. The planegraphic technique is also used for monotyping, digital prints,
screen-printing and pochoir. The most famous exponent of this form of printmaking -
in his case, screenprints - was Andy Warhol. For more, see Andy Warhol's Pop Art of
the sixties and seventies.
The lithographic process enables artists to create images with a wide tonal range,
which often results in a look that is similar to charcoal drawing or painting. In
lithography, the artist uses a variety of greasy crayons or tusche to draw or paint onto
smooth, leveled limestone or a fine-grained metal plate (like aluminum or zinc). The
image is then chemically treated with a mixture of dilute nitric acid and gum arabic.
This chemical process serves to fix the grease onto the stone and to prevent the other
areas from receiving ink. The stone is then sponged with a thin layer of water. Only
then is the stone inked. The water prevents the oil-based ink from adhering to the
blank areas while the greasy areas readily accept it. The image is transferred from
stone or plate to paper by the pressure of the lithographic press.

(4) Screenprinting uses a stencil method to create images. First the artist must build a
screen by tightly stretching and attaching a finely woven fabric, usually a
monofilament polyester, to a sturdy wood or metal frame. Then, the artist uses a
material such as glue, paper, shellac, film stencils, or photographic processes to block
out areas on the screen; the areas left open will print. The artist lays the screen on top
of a sheet of paper or other material and squeegees ink across the entire screen. The
ink passes through the open areas of the stencil to create the image. The artist can then
make more stencils and can build images in layers with different colors and designs.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Awh0k9PICVY

Stencils - Another print method is stencil-printing, from which silkscreen printing

(serigraphy) is derived. In this process, a design is drawn directly onto the screen, and
undrawn areas sealed with glue or varnish. Oil-based ink is then squeezed through the mesh
of the silk screen onto paper. Alternative methods of transferring an image to silkscreen are
the use of photo stencils. Andy Warhol (1928-87) popularized these techniques in his
multiple portraits of 1960s celebrities.

Contemporary printmakers often use a combination of conventional and digital techniques

as well as the use of digital printers and photographic equipment. The lastest type of digital
fine art printmaking is Giclee Prints.

TECHNIQUES OF ART

 Grisaille technique – Painting in monochrome

Grisaille, painting technique by which an image is executed entirely in shades of gray
and usually severely modeled to create the illusion of sculpture, especially relief.

 Direct oil painting technique – Alla Prima (Wet on wet layering

Wet-on-wet, or alla prima (Italian, meaning at first attempt), direct painting or au
premier coup, is a painting technique in which layers of wet paint are applied to
previously administered layers of wet paint.
  InDirect oil painting technique – Glazing (Wet on dry layering, Dark translucent layer
on light opaque layer)
A glaze is a thin transparent or semi-transparent layer on a painting which modifies the
appearance of the underlying paint layer. Glazes can change the chroma, value, hue and
texture of a surface. Glazes consist of a great amount of binding medium in relation to a
very small amount of pigment.[1] Drying time will depend on the amount and type of paint
medium used in the glaze. The medium, base, or vehicle is the mixture to which the dry
pigment is added. Different media can increase or decrease the rate at which oil paints dry.

Often, because a paint is too opaque, painters will add a medium like linseed oil or alkyd
tothe paint to make them more transparent and pliable for the purposes of glazing. While
these media are usually liquids, there are solid and semi-solid media used in the making of
paints as well. For example, many classical oil painters have also been known to use
ground glass and semi-solid resins to increase the translucency of their paint

Definitions: Form, Content and Context

____________________________________________________________________
FORM-
The form of a work of art or design refers to all of its visible elements and the
particular way these come together as a whole. These include
1. the material or medium used to construct the work, eg marble, bronze, found
objects, oil paint, video, wood, steel, mixed media, photography etc;
2. the colour of the work and the way colour has been used in terms of tonal variation,
contrast, harmony, coolness, warmth, opacity, translucence etc;
3. the use of line in the work and whether or not it is curved, angular, directional,
repetitive, flowing, irregular etc;
4. the texture or surface of the work and whether it is rough, smooth, tactile,
repellant, viscous, fluid etc;
5. the composition of the work ie the way the space is organized or how the elements
are put together, eg. one point perspective, close up, viewed from above, depth of
field, chaotic, symmetrical, grid-like;
6. the scale or dimensions of a work and whether it is monumental, miniature,
intimate, imposing etc;
7. the duration of a work and the length of time the viewer is expected to engage with
it - particularly significant for timed-based work such as video and performance.

CONTENT

Content is the subject matter of a work of art or design. It is revealed though the
formal properties of the work and may be evident on a number of levels. There is the
immediate or obvious content of the work, eg. it may be an historical scene, a landscape, a
portrait, an interior, a functional object or an abstraction. Beyond this the content may
become more complex. It is about what is happening in the works, what meaning you derive
from them, and whether or not they create a particular mood or reaction. Sometimes
content can be difficult to assess because it may be ambiguous or obscure. The formal
elements of the work and its title can often help to read the content, as can recurring
patterns, motifs or symbols that may have special significance.

CONTEXT
 Context helps us to understand the meaning of a work of art. The context in which
a work is made and displayed will impact on its formal resolution. So an artist will select
particular materials and use them in a particular way depending on their social, cultural and
personal background and the particular era they are working in.

1. the social and historical milieu within which the works were produced;

2. the movement or period to which the artwork belongs;

3. sources referenced in the work such as the work of other artists, literature, ancient
mythology and popular culture;

4. where and how the work is exhibited or performed, eg. in a museum or gallery, indoors
or outdoors, in public or private;

5. the cultural and personal background of the artist.

Representational Art  is a term that generally refers to a painting or sculpture that is

clearly recognizable for what it claims to be. It references images such as a human
form or a tree, and although these images may not always be portrayed as true to life
in color or position, they are still recognizable to the viewer. Representational Art
depicts any identifiable object or series of objects and their physical appearance in
reality. It is also referred to as Figurative Art, being that it is derived from real object
sources. Oftentimes, representational artists act as observers, and interpret what
they see in their own way through their work

Perception in art stands for a complex relation between visual stimuli and a

personal understanding of them. It is a theoretical postulate that aims to clarify the
relation between artworks and individual opinions and
evaluations. ... Perception and our opinions are closely linked.