9

SCIENCE
QUARTER 2 – MODULE 5
General classes and uses of
organic compounds

Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

0
 What’s I Need to Know
This module is focuses on the chemical basis of life. Though these chemicals
are not living, small as they are, they sustain our life.
All living things contain organic compounds and our body is no exception-
fats, proteins, lipids and carbohydrates are present in our body. These also include
fibers, fuels and plastics. They also contribute to human health and wellness with
the use of drugs and vitamins that are essential for anyone of us.

The module is designed to let you understand and recognize:

• Organic compounds
• General Classification of Organic Compounds
• The Uses of Organic Compounds

After going through this module, you are expected to:

• Learn and understanding of organic compounds

• Give the general classification of organic compounds
• Recognize the importance of organic compound by citing some applications
and uses in our everyday life.

1
 What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet
of paper.

1. Which statement best describe organic compounds?

A. contain carbon and oxygen only.
B. are produced by living things.
C. are composed mainly of carbon and hydrogen
D. contain carbon atoms only
2. How do carbon atoms form many organic compounds by?
A. attracting other elements toward themselves to form the bonds
B. forming many bonds with other carbon atoms and other elements
C. sharing their electrons with other metal and non-metal elements
D. transferring their electrons to the atoms of surrounding elements
3. What is the maximum number of bonds a carbon atom can form?
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
4. Emmanuel Juan, a fisher man, went home with some of his catch. He told
his son to cook the fish but his son said “father, the stove ran out of fuel.”
He told him to buy some so they can start cooking. Which organic compound
do you think the boy will buy?
A. Kerosene C. Lubricating oil
B. Gasoline D. isopropyl alcohol
5. Which pair of organic compounds is highly flammable?
A. gasoline, acetone C. lubricating oil, isopropyl alcohol
B. water, ethyl alcohol D. liquefied petroleum gas, kerosene
6. Honey is applying something to the ball bearings of the wheels of her bicycle
so that friction will be minimized. Which material do you think will she use?
A. Vinegar C. kerosene
B. Isopropyl alcohol D. lubricating oil
7. A gasoline boy was being scolded by his store manager for smoking in the
vicinity of the gasoline station. Which do you think the manager scolded his
employee?
A. because gasoline is volatile C. because gasoline is viscous
B. because gasoline is flammable D. all of the above
8. Joimee scratched herself when her arm bumped into the concrete post. What
do you think should she apply to make her bruise free from harmful germs?
A. acetone C. Isopropyl alcohol
B. Formalin D. water
9. Which organic compound is used as a cleaning agent?
A. Gasoline C. liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)
B. Kerosene D. ethyl alcohol
10. Which hydrocarbon compound has a triple bond in the molecule?
A. octane C. ethane
B. methane D. ethyne

2
11. How many types of bonds are there in the following hydrocarbon compound?
H
l
H—C = C — C —C
l
H
A. 1 C. 3
B. 2 D. 4
12. To which group of hydrocarbon does the molecule with the structure below
belongs?
H H
C =C
H H
A. Alkane C. alkene
B. Alkyne D. none of the above
13. Ethane is a natural gas produced in plants, which acts as a natural ripening
agent of fruits. Which organic compounds has the same ability to ripen
fruits?
A. Acetylene C. Pentyne
B. Butane D. Propene
14. Which alkane will most likely have a very low boiling point?
A. Propane C. butane
B. Pentane D. hexane
15. What is the common uses of methane?
A. Disinfectant C. artificial ripening agent
B. Fertilizer D. fuel
16. Which are true about the use of isopropyl alcohol?
I. Cleaner III. Disinfectant
II. Fuel IV. Fertilizer
A. I and II only C. III and IV only
B. II and III only D. I and IV only
17. Salvador has to remove the red paint from the paintbrush so he could still
use it again next time. What organic compound should he use?
A. Acetic acid C. kerosene
B. Lubricating oil D. formaldehyde
18. Which compound is a carbonyl compound?

C.

19. Which compound is used by embalmers in treating human cadavers?

A. Acetic acid C. methyl alcohol
B. Formaldehyde D. acetone
C.
20. Which compound is an alcohol?

3
Lesson General classes and uses of
organic compounds
2.6
How would you imagine life without these organic compounds? Life will not
be possible without these chemicals. These are the things that sustain life longer
because our body needs them. We should therefore know these chemicals which we
owe our lives.

What’s In
In this module you will learn about organic compounds and its general
classifications. You will go through the given example to classify them. Materials in
the activities adapted are identified to help you accomplish this module. Everything
will be provided for your information, read the words, understand the thought and
high light the concepts. You may now explore your module. “HAPPY LEARNING”

What’s New
The Organic Compounds
Organic compounds are group of compounds that contain the element carbon.
They contain carbon combined with hydrogen and other elements namely: oxygen,
nitrogen, phosphorous, sulfur, and halogens (fluorine, Chlorine, bromine and
iodine). Ethyl alcohol, acetone, gasoline, naphthalene, acetic acid, vanillin, acetylene
and esters are just few examples of many useful organic compounds produced by
plants and animals.
However, there are organic compounds that are produced artificially like
petroleum, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) gasoline, lubricating oil and kerosene. They
are formed by combining carbon atoms and other elements.

Important Families of Organic Compounds and their Uses

Look at the concept map on how organic compounds are classified.

ORGANIC COMPOUND

Hydrocarbons
Non-Hydrocarbons/
hydrocarbon
derivatives
ALIPATIC AROMATIC

w/o carbonyl w/ carbonyl

Saturated Unsaturated
group group

Alkane Alkene Alkynes Organic halides Aldehydes

Alcohol Ketones
Phenols Carboxylic Acid
Esters Esters
Amines Amides

4
THE HYDROCARBONS
- Hydrocarbons are the framework of all organic compounds
- They are made up of only 2 elements carbon and hydrogen
- They are classified on the basis of structure
- Methane is the simplest hydrocarbon

TWO CLASSES OF HYDROCARBONS

1. Aliphatic (saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons)
2. Aromatic hydrocarbons

THE ALIPATHIC HYDROCARBONS

- Aliphatic hydrocarbons have straight, branched, and cyclic (ring) chains
Example :
Alkanes- which carbon bonds are all single.

AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
- Hydrocarbons with benzene rings.
- Aromatic hydrocarbons were associated with spicy, sweet smelling
compounds but most of them are odorless or sometimes have foul odor.
- They contain six rings of carbon atoms.
- Benzene is the most common aromatic hydrocarbon
Table 1.1 Important Families of Hydrocarbons
Characteristics
Family Structural Formula Group of General Properties/Uses
of One Example Atoms or Formula
Radicals
Hydrocarbon:
alkane C C CnH2n+2

Used as fuels;
C C CnH2n-2 building blocks
Alkene
of plastics and
rubbers

C = C CnH2n-2
Alkyne
Solvent for
making
Alcohol -OH varnishes,
R-OH
polishers,
lacquers

5
 Used in the
preparation of
Amine -NH2 aromatic
R-NH2
compounds
Ketone Solvents for
fats, resins,
gums, cellulose
-COR R-COR acetate solvent
for nonpolar
substance
Organic acid

-COOH R-COOH
Acid present in
vinegar

Amide Acetamide

H O -CONH2 R-CONH2
ll Used in the
H C C NH2 preparation of
fertilizer
H

Amino acid Glycine

H O -NH2 NH2-R-
ll -COOH COOH
H C C OH Building unit
of proteins

NH2

Ester Methyl acetate Used in

H O H preparation of
-COOR R-COOR
perfumes,
H C C O C H soap, flavoring,
H H scenting
agents
Ether Di-ethyl ether
H H H H

H C C O C C H -OR ROR Used as

anesthetic
H H H H

Table 1.2 Classification of Hydrocarbons

Type General Example

Formula

A. Chain Type H H
1. Saturated
a. Alkane CnH2n+2 H C C H ethane
series
H H

6
 H H
2. Unsaturated CnH2n C=C ethane
a. Alkene series H H

CnH2n-2 H H
b. Alkadiene series C=C ethane
H H

c. Alkyne series CnH2n-2 H H

C= C C=C butadiene
H H
H H

H C= C H ethyne

B. Ring or Cyclic Type H2 H2

1. Saturated C C
a. Cyclo alkane CnH2n
C C
H2 H2 Cyclohexane
C C
H2 H2

2. Unsaturated
a. Cyclo alkene CnH2n-2 HC= CH
cyclobutene
H2 C C H2

b. Cyclo alkyne CnH2n-4 C=C

cyclobutyne
H2 C C H2

H H
c. Arene or aromatic CnH2n-6 C=C

C C benzene
H H
C C
H H

H
d. Condensed 2-fused
rings CnH2n-12 C C
C C C
H
naphthalene
C C C
H C C
H H
CnH2n-18
3- fused rings H H
C C C
C C C C
H
antracene
C C C C
H C C C
H H

7
Table 1.3 Examples of the Alkane Series

Name Structural Formula Chemical Formula

H
Methane CH4
(gas) H C H

H H
Ethane CH3CH3
(gas) H C C H OR C2H6

H H

H H H
Propane CH3CH2CH3
(gas) H C C C H OR C3H8

H H H
H H H H
Butane CH3CH2CH2CH3
(gas) H C C C C H OR C4H10

H H H H
H H H H H

Pentane H C C C C C H CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3
(liquid) OR C5H12
H H H H H
H H H H H H
Hexane CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
(liquid) H C C C C C C H OR C6H14

H H H H H H

H H H H H H H

Heptane H C C C C C C C H CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
(liquid) OR C7H16
H H H H H H H
H H H H H H H H
Octane CH3(CH2)6CH3
(liquid) H C C C C C C C C H OR C8H18

H H H H H H H H
H H H H H H H H H
Nonane CH3(CH2)7CH3
(liquid) H C C C C C C C C C OR C9H20
H

H H H H H H H H H
H H H H H H H H H H
Decane CH3(CH2)8CH3
(liquid) H C C C C C C C C C C H OR C10H22

H H H H H H H H H H

What is it
The organic compounds are commonly used at home or community. These
compounds have their specific use. Traditionally, “organic compounds” were derived
from plants and animals.
However, these compounds are also produced artificially. For example, alcohol
and acetic acid can be derived from petroleum.

8
Petroleum or crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbon, which contain only carbon and
hydrogen.
Moreover, there are 4 main types of organic compounds
1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic acid

Carbohydrates
Elements: (C,H,O)
Building Blocks: Simple sugar
1. Monosaccharides
Glucose- most abundant in living organisms like in human blood.
Fructose
2. Disaccharides
Maltose(glucose+glucose)
Sucrose (glucose + fructose) –common disaccharides
3. Polysaccharides- chain of monosaccharides
A. Chitin - main component of exoskeleton of crustacean sucks insect and
some plants
B. Starch- hydrolyzed by glucose
C. Glycogen- animal starch
D. Cellulose- from plant fibers

Lipids

Elements; (C,H,O)
Building blocks
1. Fatty acids- fats, oils, photosynthesis and waxes
2. Glycerol
Uses: stored energy in plants/cell membrane

Proteins

Elements: ( C,H,O,N)
Building blocks
1. Amino acids
Uses:
1. Chemical messenger-hormones
2. Cell membrane-receptors and channels
3. Control chemical reaction- enzymes
4. Cell structures-hair
5. Immunity-antibodies

Nucleic acid

Elements: (C,H,O,N,P)
Building Blocks:
1. Nucleotides
Uses: Protein synthesis- RNA
Hereditary information –DNA
(Pass on traits)

9
 What’s More
Activity 1: Organic Compounds and Their Uses

Put check and determine the uses of organic compounds that are found on the table.

Organic compounds
Gasoline Ethanol Acetone LPG Kerosene Acetic
Acid
Beverage
Food
Uses Antiseptic
Fuel
Cleaner

Guide Questions:

Q1: What do you think are the characteristics of the materials which give their
uses?
Q2. Why do you think these kinds of organic compounds are very important?

You just learned the important uses of common organic compounds that are
commonly used.

THE NON-HYDROCARBONS
(ALCOHOL, CARBOXYLIC ACID, ESTER, FAT AND OIL)

• Alcohols are another group of organic compounds

• Hydroxy groups (-OH) is the functional group alcohol

NAME OF
COMMON NAME PROPERTIES USES
ALCOHOL
Colorless, Used as fuel and
Odorless solvent
Methanol Methyl alcohol highly toxic
cause blindness
fatal when ingested
Not toxic to body cells Used in alcoholic
It is a depressant beverages
Ethanol Ethyl alcohol Consistent abuse of
alcoholic beverages can
cause liver damage
Isomer of 1- Used as
propanol the antiseptic,
Isopropyl preparation of disinfectant,
other organic astringent and
chemicals industrial solvent

10
 CARBOXYLIC ACID
• Carboxylic acids are compounds containing the carboxyl group. It has a general
formula RCOOH.
• Carboxyl group I, a functional group consisting of carbonyl and hydroxyl group as
shown here.
OH

R C O

Alkyl group Carbonyl group

• Used as antiseptic agent

Some Common Carboxylic Acids sources and Uses

Name of Carboxylic Acid Sources and Uses
1. Methanoic Acid or Formic Acid - an acid found in insect bites

H C OH

2. Ethanoic Acid or Acetic acid - the main component of vinegar

O produced from the fermentation of
alcohol
CH3 C OH

3. Butanoic Acid
O
- the compound responsible for the rancid
CH3 CH2 CH2C OH of butter and the bad smell of respiration

4. Valeric Acid or Caproic Acid - compounds responsible for the smell of

goats

5. Benzoic Acid
- used as preservative and component of
OH O bathroom deodorant

6. Citric Acid -found in the calamansi, oranges and other

O citrus fruits

CH2 C OH

OH C C OH

O
CH2 C OH

11
 7. Oxalic Acid -Extracted from Kamias
O O

OH C C OH

8. Lactic Acid -found in some milk

-main component of skin smoothers in the
O body lotion
- accumulates in the muscle when oxygen is
CH3 CH C OH insufficient

OH

ESTERS
Esters are compounds derived from the reaction of carboxylic acid and alcohol
for consumption.
- The process of combining an organic acid with an alcohol to form an ester.
- The compound resulting from esterification is identified by the formula RCOOR
- Esters group are mildly polar have pleasant aromas
- Responsible for ripening of fruits like apple, pineapple

Fruits/Flowers Ester present

Banana Pentyl Ethanoate
Sampaguita Amyl Salicylate
Orange Octyl Ethanoate
Apple Methyl Butanoate
Pineapple Ethyl Butanoate

Some Common Esters

ALDEHYDES
O
|| (general formula)
C
R H

Name of Aldehyde Common Name Properties and Uses

*simplest aldehyde
Methanol Formaldehyde *it is important in industry in
manufacture of synthetic

- preservative in biological specimen

Formaline in Aqueous
Ethanal
solution Acetaldehyde - builds up in blood of a person who
has drank too much
*most aldehyde are produced industrially as food and fragrance chemical
*used as flaming agents such of almonds, cinnamon, vanilla and lemon grass.

12
 KETONES
O
|| (general formula)
C
R R

Name of Ketone Common Name Properties and Uses

* liquid with pleasant smell
Propanone the
Acetone * used as adhesive such as paints,
simplest Ketone
cleaning agents and nail polishes

Activity 2:
Which Bananas Will Ripen Faster?
Calcium carbide (CaC2) is a compound that is commonly known as kalburo. Fruit
vendors use this substance to speed up ripening of fruits like mangoes and bananas
in just a couple of days. When calcium carbide reacts with water such as moisture
in the air, ethyne gas produces. Ethyne or commonly known as acetylene is a kind
of alkyne.

Objective:
• Investigate how a common organic compound namely ethyne can ripen fruits
faster that the natural way.
Materials:
calcium carbide (kalburo)
hand gloves
newspapers
face masks
12 unripe, green bananas of same variety
small plastic cups
2 empty shoe or fruit juice boxes
packaging tape

Wear a face mask before performing the following

procedure.
CAUTION Calcium carbide has a strong and irritating odor.
Caution Make sure that calcium carbide does not come in
contact with water!

Procedure:
1) Using a sheet of newspaper, wrap ¼ kilo (250g) of crushed calcium carbide
(kalburo). Make sure that the wrapped calcium carbide will just be enough to fit
the area at the bottom of one shoe box.
2) Put the wrapped calcium carbide at the bottom of the shoe box and cover it with
another piece of newspaper.
3) Place five unripe (nearing maturity) bananas of the same kind inside the first box
with calcium carbide. This will be Group A.
4) Do not put wrapped calcium carbide in the other shoe box.

13
5) Place another set of five green, unripe bananas of the same kind in the second
box. This will be Group B.
6) After putting all the bananas in box A and box B, cover both boxes.
7) Leave the shoe boxes for 48 hours
Observations
Group Number of Ripe Bananas and their
Appearance
A
(with calcium
carbide)
B
(without calcium
carbide)

Guide Questions:
Q 3. How many bananas ripened in Group A and in Group B?
Q 4. Which group has more ripe bananas?
Q 5. What conclusion can you make from the results of your experiment?
Q 6. Look for the properties of ethyne and explain how it can introduce ripening of
fruits?
In this activity, you were able to observe how ethyne or acetylene, which is an
alkyne, can make banana ripen faster. This is just one of the many applications of
acetylene.
In the next activity, you will learn about the other common Organic
compounds, alcohols and carbonyl group containing compounds such as aldehydes
and ketones.

Activity 3:
Alcohols and Their Uses
Alcohols are another group of organic compounds. These organic compounds also
have very important uses. Some alcohols are used as antiseptic or disinfectant, some
are used as cleaning agents, others are used as component for liquors and a few
alcohols are used as fuel for portable stoves or other types of burners.
Objectives:
• Recognize the uses of common alcohols;
• Identify similarities in the structures of different kinds of alcohols; and
• Make a table of their properties to recognize the similarities.

Materials:
Labels or pictures of commonly used alcohol products:
Pentel pen paper and pen manila paper

Procedure:
1) With your group, read the labels of the products that contain alcohols.
2) Write in the table below, the names of the products and the alcohol compounds
that are found in the labels of the product and their uses.

14
 Name of Percent (%)
Alcohol/s or amount
Name of Products Uses
Present in the of alcohol in
Product the Product

Guide Questions:
Q 7. What are the common products that contain alcohol?
Q 8. Why are these alcohols important?

3) With your group, use the following illustrations of the structures of common
alcohols to answer the following questions

Ethyl alcohol Isoprophyl alcohol Methyl alcohol

Guide Questions:
Q 9. What types of bonds are present in ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, and in
isopropyl alcohol?
Q 10. What accounts for the similar physical properties of alcohols?

You have learned the uses of common alcohols and the relationship between
the structures of alcohols.

Activity 4:
What is Common between Acetone and Formalin? Acetone and formalin are examples
of simple carbonyl containing compounds ch have common uses. Carbonyl
containing compounds are organic compounds at contain carbonyl functional group,
which is composed of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom: C = O.

Objectives:
• Enumerate the common uses of acetone
• Give the structures of acetone, and formalin to the carbonyl compounds where
they belong.

Materials:
acetone paper and pen
manila paper pentel pen

Procedure:
1. With your group, talk about the uses of the simple compounds shown to you by
your teacher.

15
Guide Questions:
Q 11. What are the common uses of acetone and formalin?

2. With your group, use the illustrations of the structures of acetone, and
formaldehyde (formalin) below to answer the questions.

Acetone
Guide Questions:

Q 12. What types of bonds do the common compounds have in their structures?
Q 13. Acetone is common carbonyl containing compounds. Why do you think it
belong in the group of carbonyl containing compound?

What I Have Learned

1. Organic compounds are carbon compound that contain the element carbon. They
combined with other elements.
2. Some organic compounds can be prepared artificially like petroleum.
3. Organic compounds are chemicals that we owe to sustain our lives.
4. Hydrocarbons are classified as organic compounds.
5. Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons either saturated or unsaturated are the
types of hydrocarbon as organic compound.
6. Aliphatic hydrocarbons are straight, ring of cyclic chains.
7. Aromatic hydrocarbons are characterized with the benzene ring like benzene.
8. Aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbons are those with double or triple bond.
9. The main types of organic compound are carbohydrate, proteins, lipids nucleic
acid.
10. The building blocks of carbohydrates in sugar, protein is amino acid, lipid I fatty
acids, nucleic acid is nucleotides.
11. Organic compounds are used at home, community and industry.
12. Nonhydrocarbons are most prepared artificially compared to hydrocarbons.
13. Most of nonhydrocarbons must be used with precautionary measures for safety.

What I Can Do
Self-Check
1. Make a concept map of the classification of organic compounds
2. Differentiate Aliphatic hydrocarbon from aromatic hydrocarbon
3. Explain how organic compounds are used in industry.
4. Send or draw one picture each of an organic compound in your home,
community and industry

Home Community Industry

16
Assessment:
Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer
on a separate sheet of paper.

1. The simplest hydrocarbon is ___.

a. CH2 b. CH3 c. CH4 d. C2H4

2. Which is an alcohol?
a. C2H4 b. C6H6 c. CH3OCH3 d. CH3OH

3. The alcohol that is present in wines and other liquors is ___.

a. methyl alcohol c. wood alcohol
b. ethyl alcohol d. rubbing alcohol

4. What structure is present among aromatic hydrocarbons?

a. benzene ring c. phenol
b. cyclic form d. alkyl

5. Which of the following groups of organic compounds include

neurotransmitters like dopamine?
a. Amines c. alkenes
b. Amides d. halides

6. Which of the following is not an organic compound?

a. ethane (CH3CH3 ) c. oxalic acid (H2C2O4)
b. carbonic acid( H2CO3) d. ethyl alcohol (CH2 CH2 OH)

7.Which of the following is an alkane?

a. C6H14 c. C6 H10
b. C6H12 d. C6H8

8.What is produced by the reaction of carboxylic acid and an alcohol

a. aldehyde c ether
b. ketone d. ester

9. Which of the following is NOT true of saturated hydrocarbons?

a. Saturated hydrocarbons have carbon-carbon atoms linked by single
bonds
b. Saturated hydrocarbons have double or triple bonds in their
structures
c. Ethane is the simplest saturated hydrocarbon
d. Aliphatic hydrocarbons may be saturated hydrocarbons.

10.Which of the following families of compounds is used in perfume and flavor

industry?
a. ethers c. hydrocarbons
b. esters d. amides

17
II. Fill in the box of a concept map on the classification of organic
compound.

ORGANIC COMPOUND

1.
2.
3. 4.

7. 8. 5. 6.

9. 10. 11 12. 17.

13. 18.
14. 19.
15. 20.
16. 21.

III. Challenge yourself:

Answer briefly.

1. How will one identify a hydrocarbon derivative? (2pts)

2. What are the harmful effects of organic halides in the environment?

(5pts)

3. Give the three uses o amines: (3pts)

18
References:

1. Science 9 @ work by:

Geronimo J. Fiedalan Jr
Caridad G. Gicaraya
Ginalyn B. Dignos
Marita G. Geray
Rosanelia G. Geray
Mildred M. Ganaden

2. Science learners module DepEd

3. Chemistry Textbook by:

Estrella E. Mendoza
Teresita F. Religioo

4. Chemistry by:
Rebecca C. Nueva Espana, PhD
Joy Apostola, MS
Adora S. Pili, Ph.D
Ernesto E. Casalucan, Ph.D

5. Science Technology Chemistry by:

Amelia B. Mapa Ph.D
Trinidad B. Fidelino
Edna P. Azucena
Lilia M. Rabgo Ph.D

6. The Amazing World of world of carbon compound by: Myla V. Lalicon

Ed.D

19
 21

Answer Key

What I Know II.

1. C
2. B
3. C
4. A
5. D
6. D
7. B
8. C
9. B
10. D
11. B
12. C
13. A
14. C
15. D
16. B
17. C
18. C
19. B
20. B

I.
1. C
2. C
3. B
4. A
5. A
6. B
7. A
8. D
9. B
10. B
III. Challenge yourself
1. Hydrocarbon derivatives contain at least one element other than carbon
or hydrogen or halogen atoms.
2. These compounds are widely used as dry-cleaning solvents, hair sprays,
solvent and coolants, deodorants, air conditioners increasing toxicity
leads to harmful impacts in the environment
3. a. Pain killer
b. Neurotransmitter
c. Sleep regulator

Activity 1.1 Organic Compounds and Their Uses

Organic compounds
Gasoline Ethanol Acetone LPG Kerosene Acetic
alcohol Acid
Beverage /
Food /
Uses Antiseptic / /
Fuel / / / /
Cleaner / /

20
 22

Answer to Guide Questions

1. The characteristics of the materials which give their uses
a. Gasoline – flammable materials commonly used as fuel
b. Kerosene – flammable materials used as fuel for lamps(gasera)
and portable stove (kusinilya)
c. Ethanol – used as components of biofuel vehicles. It is commonly
used as disinfectants and ingredient for liquors.
d. Acetone – highly volatile and is used as cleaner like removing nail
polish.
e. Liquefied Petroleum Gas – used for gas stove and cars
f. Acetic acid – used as components of vinegar (4% by volume)
2. This common organic compounds are very important because they
have uses at home and in the industry.

Activity 2:
Which Bananas Will Ripen Faster
Guide Questions
3-6. Based on output

Observations
Group
Number of Ripe Bananas and their
Appearance
A
(with calcium carbide) Optional (based on output)
B
(without calcium carbide) Optional (based on output)

Activity 3:
Alcohols and Their Uses
Name of Percent (%) or
Name of Alcohol/s amount of
Uses
Products Present in the alcohol in the
Product Product
Brand X Ethyl alcohol 40% Used in alcoholic
Isopropyl 70% beverages
Methanol Ethyl alcohol 40% For disinfectant
Used for solvent

Guide Questions
7. * ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, methyl alcohol and ethyl alcohol
8. These alcohols are important at home, community and industry.
9. Types of bonds present in these alcohols are single bond
10. Alcohols accounts for the similar properties because they have the same hydroxyl
group as their functional group that is why they have some similar properties or
characteristics.

Activity 4:
11. Common uses of:
Acetone- used as cleaner and solvent
Types of bond common: they have single and double bonds
12. The structures of acetone and formaldehyde both have carbonyl functional group.
These make them carbonyl containing compounds.

21
Name: ____________________________ Date: ____________________
Grade/Section: _____________________ Score: ____________________

Title of the Activity: “LET’S CLEAR UP”

Most Essential Learning Competency: Explain how the structure of

the carbon atom affects the types of bonds it forms

K to 12 BEC CG: S9MT-IIg-17

PART 1.
Directions: Classify the following organic compounds according to
their functional group.
Organic Compound Functional Group
1. Alcohol
2. Aldehyde
3. Ketone
4. Carboxylic Acid
5. Ether
6. Ester
7. Methanol
8. Ethanol
9. Formaldehyde
10. Oxalic Acid
11. Amides
12. Acetone

PART 2.
Directions: Fill in the missing part of the table by converting the
alkanes into alcohols. Write the formula in proper forms. Item no.
1 will serve as an example.
ALKANE FORMULA ALCOHOL FORMULA
NAME
1. Methane CH4 Methanol CH3OH
2. Ethane
3. Propane

22
 4. Butane
5. Pentane
6. Hexane
7. Heptane
8. Octane
9. Nonane
10. Decane

PART 3.
Directions: Draw the structural formula of the following
examples of alcohol. Write your answer on the space provided.

1. ___________________________
Methanol is found natural
in distilled spirits
of whisky and beer.

2. _____________________________
Ethanol in Mouthwash

3. ______________________________
Isopropyl Alcohol in
Rubbing Alcohol

23