Table of Contents

Kinematics ................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
Homework: Kinematics Variant 42 ................................................................................................................................ 11

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Homework: Kinematics Variant 41 & 43 ..................................................................................................................... 27
Forces and Equilibrium....................................................................................................................................................... 48
Homework: Forces & Equilibrium Variant 42 ........................................................................................................... 58
Homework: Forces & Equilibrium Variant 41 & 43 ................................................................................................ 67
Newton’s laws of Motion .................................................................................................................................................... 80

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Homework: Laws of Motion Variant 42 ....................................................................................................................... 82
Homework: Laws of Motion Variant 41 & 43 ............................................................................................................ 98
Laws of Motion on Connected Particles .................................................................................................................... 114
Homework: Laws of Motion Applied to pulleys Variant 42 .............................................................................. 117

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Homework: Laws of Motion Applied to pulleys Variant 41 & 43 ................................................................... 127
Work, Energy, Power ........................................................................................................................................................ 144
Homework: Work, Power, Energy Variant 42 ........................................................................................................ 155
Homework: Work, Power, Energy Variant 41 & 43 ............................................................................................. 171
Momentum ............................................................................................................................................................................ 192
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Homework: Momentum Practice Questions ........................................................................................................... 198
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 KINEMATICS

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STRAIGHT LINE MOTION
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Another useful graph is the v-t graph, which relates velocity to time. Figure 20.3 shows an example
of such a graph.

EXAMPLE 1
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EXAMPLE 2
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EXAMPLE 3
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EXAMPLE 4
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 EXAMPLE 5
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EXAMPLE 6
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 CONSTANT ACCELERATION AND VERTICAL MOTION UNDER GRAVITY

EXAMPLE 7

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EXAMPLE 8

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EXAMPLE 9

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EXAMPLE 10
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EXAMPLE 11
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EXAMPLE 12
A particle is projected vertically upwards with a velocity of 30 m s-1 from a point O. Find
(a) The maximum height reached,
(b) The time taken for it to return to O,
(c) The time taken for it to be 35 m below O.

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 EXAMPLE 13

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EXAMPLE 14

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EXAMPLE 15
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 KINEMATICS AND CALCULUS

EXAMPLE 16
A particle starts from a point O and moves in a straight line so that its distance s cm from O after
time t seconds is given by
𝑡𝑡 3

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𝑠𝑠 = 2𝑡𝑡 2 −
6
Find
a) its initial velocity and acceleration,
b) the time after the start when it comes to a momentary halt,
c) its distance from O at this time.
d) what maximum velocity does it reach before that time?
e) after what time does the particle pass through O again?

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EXAMPLE 17
The distance 𝑠𝑠 meters of a particle moving in a straight line measured from a fixed point O on the
line is given by 𝑠𝑠 = 𝑡𝑡 2 − 3𝑡𝑡 + 2 where t is the time in seconds from the start. Find
a) Its initial distance from O,

c) Its initial acceleration, Fa

b) Its initial velocity and in which direction,

d) The times when it passes through O and with what velocity,

e) When and where it is at instantaneous rest.

EXAMPLE 18
The velocity 𝑣𝑣 cm𝑠𝑠 −1 of a particle moving in a straight line is given by 𝑣𝑣 = 6𝑡𝑡 – 𝑘𝑘𝑡𝑡 2 , where k is a
an
constant and 𝑡𝑡 is the time in seconds from the start. If its acceleration is 0 when t = 1, find
a) The value of k,
b) The time when the particle comes to instantaneous rest,
c) The maximum velocity of the part;

EXAMPLE 19
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The velocity (in 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑠 −1) of a model train which is moving along straight rails is 𝑣𝑣 = 0.3𝑡𝑡 2 − 0.5
.Find its displacement from its initial position
a. After time 𝑡𝑡
b. After 3 seconds.
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EXAMPLE 20
A car moves between two sets of traffic lights, stopping at both. Its speed v 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑠 −1 at time t seconds
is modelled by
1
𝑣𝑣 = 𝑡𝑡(40 − 𝑡𝑡) 0 ≤ 𝑡𝑡 ≤ 40
20
Find the times at which the car is stationary and the distance between the two of traffic lights.

[8] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 EXAMPLE 21
The acceleration of a particle (in m s-2) at time t seconds is given by 𝑎𝑎 = 6 – 𝑡𝑡. The particle is
initially at the origin with velocity −2 𝑚𝑚𝑠𝑠 −1. Find an expression for:
a) The velocity of the particle after 𝑡𝑡 s
b) The position of the particle after 𝑡𝑡 s.
c) Hence find the velocity and position 6 s later.

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EXAMPLE 22
A particle P moves along the x axis in the positive direction. The velocity of P at time t s is 0.03𝑡𝑡 2
𝑚𝑚𝑠𝑠 −1 . When t= 5 the displacement of P from the origin O is 2.5m.
a) Find an expression, in terms of t, for the displacement of P from O.
b) Find the velocity of p when its displacement from O is 11.25m.

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EXAMPLE 23
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EXAMPLE 24
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 EXAMPLE 25
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EXAMPLE 26

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EXAMPLE 27

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 HOMEWORK: KINEMATICS VARIANT 42
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 HOMEWORK: KINEMATICS VARIANT 41 & 43
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Answer: i) 30 ii) 2 iii) 35 41/J13/3

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Answer: i) 1170 ii) 20.8 iii) -1.40 iv) 41/J13/7

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 Answer: i) 20 ii) 40 iii) 80 41/N10/1

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Answer: i) 25 ii) 41/N10/4

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Answer: i) 0.09 ii) 1.08 iii) 0.72 41/J10/2
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Answer: i) 4 ii) 450-3375/t iii) 5.4 41/J10/7

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 FORCES AND EQUILIBRIUM
TYPES OF FORCES

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RESULTANTS
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 EXAMPLE 1

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COMPONENTS

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EXAMPLE 2
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 FORCES IN EQUILIBRIUM

EXAMPLE 3

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EXAMPLE 4

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EXAMPLE 5
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 LAMI’S THEOMREM

EXAMPLE 6
A particle of weight 10 N is suspended by 2 strings. If these strings make angles of 30℃ and 40℃ to
the horizontal, find the tensions in the string

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QUESTION 2
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 QUESTION 3
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QUESTION 4
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 QUESTION 5
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 FRICTION

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EXAMPLE 7
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EXAMPLE 8
A particle of mass I kg rests on a horizontal floor. The coefficient of friction between the particle
1
and the floor is . What force is required just to make the particle move when :
2
a) Pulling horizontally,
b) Pulling at an angle of 30℃ to the horizontal?

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 EXAMPLE 9
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ROUGH INCLINED PLANES
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EXAMPLE 10
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 EXAMPLE 11

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EXAMPLE 12

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QUESTION 13
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 HOMEWORK: FORCES & EQUILIBRIUM VARIANT 42
1

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 HOMEWORK: FORCES & EQUILIBRIUM VARIANT 41 & 43
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Answer: 3.80 and 0.5 41/J13/6

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 Answer: ii) 8 and 53.1
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Answer: 4.8 and 41.1 degrees 41/N10/3
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Answer: 500N, 36.9 Fa 41/J10/4
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 NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION

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EXAMPLE 1 Fa
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EXAMPLE 2
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 EXAMPLE 3
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EXAMPLE 4

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EXAMPLE 5
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 HOMEWORK: LAWS OF MOTION VARIANT 42
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[84] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

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[85] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

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[86] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

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[91] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

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[97] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 HOMEWORK: LAWS OF MOTION VARIANT 41 & 43
1

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41/J15/3
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[99] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

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Answer: 41/N14/3
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43/J13/1

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Answer: i) 3.80 and 0.5 ii) 7.6 at 26.6 degrees from the positive x axis 41/J13/6
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 41/N12/3

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[104] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 24

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43/N11/6

25

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41/N11/4

26
Sa

[105] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 oq
41/N11/5

27

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Fa
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43/J11/5
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28

41/J11/4

[106] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 29

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43/J10/6

31 Fa
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43/J10/7
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32

[107] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 Answer: ii) 1.62 41/J10/3

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33

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J16/43/Q4

34

Fa J17/41/Q2
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35
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J17/43/Q1

36
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[108] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 oq
J18/41/Q3

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J18/41/Q7

38
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J18/43/Q5

[109] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 39

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41

N17/41/Q1
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42
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N17/43/Q3

[110] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 43

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N18/41/Q1

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N18/41/Q6
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[111] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 46

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N18/43/Q2

48
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N15/43/Q2

[112] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 49

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[113] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 LAWS OF MOTION ON CONNECTED PARTICLES
EXAMPLE 6

oq
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EXAMPLE 7
Fa
Fig. 24.15 shows two particles A of mass I kg and B 2 kg connected by a light inelastic string which
passes over a smooth pulley at C. The system is held at rest with B hanging freely while A is on a
3
rough plane inclined at 𝜃𝜃 to the horizontal where tan 𝜃𝜃 = . The coefficient of friction between A
4
and the plane is 0.2. Find the magnitude of the acceleration of each particle and the tension in the
string when the System is released.
an
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EXAMPLE 8
Particles A and B of masses 3 kg and 1 kg respectively (Fig. 24.18(a)) hang at the ends of a light
Sa

string passing over a smooth pulley. A is released from rest when it is 2 m above the ground. Find
a) The common acceleration of the particles,
b) The speed of B when A reaches the ground,
c) How much higher B will travel afterwards. (It is assumed that B never reaches the pulley.)

[114] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 oq
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EXAMPLE 9

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EXAMPLE 10
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J12/41/Q6
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[115] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 oq
EXAMPLE 11
J12/43/Q7

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[116] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 HOMEWORK: LAWS OF MOTION APPLIED TO PULLEYS
VARIANT 42
1

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2
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[117] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 3

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4 Fa J07/Q4
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J08/Q5

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[118] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 J09/Q1
6

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Fa
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J09/Q6

7
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[119] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 oq
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Fa
N03/Q5
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9
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N04/Q1

[120] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 10

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11
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N07/Q7

[121] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 12

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13
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[122] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 N09/42/Q6

14

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15
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J13/42/Q7

[123] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 16

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[124] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 J15/42/Q6
18

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19

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20
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[125] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 N13/42/Q6
21

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[126] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 HOMEWORK: LAWS OF MOTION APPLIED TO PULLEYS
VARIANT 41 & 43
1

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43/N14/2
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[127] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 3

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43/N14/6
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41/N14/5

[128] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 5

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6
Fa 43/J14/7
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[129] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 oq
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Fa
41/J14/6
an

7
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[130] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 oq
43/N13/2

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Fa
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41/N13/6

9
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[131] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 43/J13/7

10

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Answer: i) 2.75 ii) 0.392 41/J13/5

11
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[132] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 oq
43/N12/7

12

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13
Fa 41/N12/2
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[133] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 43/J12/7

14

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41/J12/6

15
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43/N11/3
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16

41/N11/2

[134] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 17

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18
Fa 43/N10/3
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Answer: i) 0.227 ii) 1.75 41/N10/7

[135] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 19

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Answer: i) 6 ii) 3.29 41/J10/6

[136] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 21

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J16/43/Q6
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23
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J16/43/Q7

[137] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 24

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J17/41/Q3

25

Fa
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J17/41/Q7
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26

[138] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 oq
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27

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J18/43/Q4
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28
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N16/41/Q1

[139] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 29

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[140] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 N17/43/Q4

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N18/43/Q5

[141] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 34

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N15/43/Q4
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[142] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 36

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N15/41/Q4

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[143] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 WORK, ENERGY, POWER

WORK

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EXAMPLE 1
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[144] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 KINETIC ENERGY (KE)

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EXAMPLE 2

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EXAMPLE 3
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POTENTIAL ENERGY (PE)
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EXAMPLE 4

EXAMPLE 5

[145] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 EXAMPLE 6

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CONSERVATION OF ENERGY

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Fa
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EXAMPLE 7
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EXAMPLE 8
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[146] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 THE WORK-ENERGY PRINCIPLE

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EXAMPLE 9

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EXAMPLE 10
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[147] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 oq
EXAMPLE 11

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Fa
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[148] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 POWER

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[149] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 EXAMPLE 12

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EXAMPLE 13

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ACCELERATION AND VARIABLE RESISTANCE
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EXAMPLE 14
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[150] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 EXAMPLE 15

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EXAMPLE 16

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EXAMPLE 17
Fa
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EXAMPLE 18
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[151] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 SELECTED PAST PAPER QUESTIONS
QUESTION 1
J12/41/Q1

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QUESTION 2
J12/43/Q1

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QUESTION 3
Fa
N12/42/Q1
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QUESTION 4
J12/41/Q3
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[152] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 oq
QUESTION 5

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J12/43/Q5

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[153] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 QUESTION 6
N14/42/Q5

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[154] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 HOMEWORK: WORK, POWER, ENERGY VARIANT 42

oq
J03/Q1
2

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Fa
an

J03/Q7

3
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J04/Q4
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[155] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 4

oq
J04/Q6

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J05/Q1

Fa
J05/Q7
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7
lm
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J06/Q6

[156] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 8

oq
J07/Q3

ro
Fa
J07/Q5

10
an

J08/Q2
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Sa

[157] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 11

oq
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12
Fa J08/Q4
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J08/Q6
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13
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J09/Q2

[158] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 16

oq
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17
Fa J09/Q5

J10/Q1
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18
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J10/Q5
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19

N02/Q1

[159] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 20

oq
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N02/Q6

21

Fa N03/Q1

22
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N03/Q3

23
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N04/Q3

[160] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 24

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N04/Q4
25

Fa
N05/Q2
26
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Sa

N06/Q1

[161] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 27

oq
N06/Q3

28

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Fa
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N06/Q5
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29

N07/Q1
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[162] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 30

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31
Fa N07/Q4
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N08/Q3
32
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N08/Q4
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[163] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 33

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N09/42/Q2

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33

34
Fa N09/42/Q3
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N10/42/Q2
35
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N10/42/Q4

[164] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 36

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N03/Q4

37

Fa
J11/42/Q1
38
an

J11/42/Q2

39
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J12/42/Q6

[165] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 40

oq
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J12/42/Q7

41

Fa
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J13/42/Q2
42
lm

J13/42/Q5
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43

[166] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 J14/42/Q1

44

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Fa
J14/42/Q5
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45
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J15/42/Q1
46
Sa

[167] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 J15/42/Q2

47

oq
J15/42/Q3

48

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49 Fa N11/42/Q1
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N11/42/Q6
50
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N12/42/Q1

[168] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 51

oq
N12/42/Q6
52

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`2
53

54
Fa N13/42/Q3
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N14/42/Q3
55
Sa

[169] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 oq
N14/42/Q5
56

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Fa
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N15/42/Q4

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N15/42/Q7

[170] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 HOMEWORK: WORK, POWER, ENERGY VARIANT 41 & 43
1

43/J15/1

oq
2

43/J15/3
3

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43/J15/4
4

5
Fa 41/J15/3
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41/J15/4
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[171] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 6

oq
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Fa
43/N14/7
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7
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41/N14/7
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[172] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 8

oq
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43/J14/5
9

10
Fa 41/J14/1
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41/J14/5
11
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43/N13/6

[173] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 12

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41/N13/2
13
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41/N13/5
14
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[174] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 43/J13/2
15

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43/J13/3
16

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Answer: 26.7 41/J13/2
17

18
Answer: i) 0.025 ii) 50
Fa 41/J13/4
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43/N12/1

[175] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 19

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43/N12/5
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Fa
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41/N12/6
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41/N12/7

[176] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 22

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43/J12/1
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Fa
43/J12/4
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24
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43/J12/5
25
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41/J12/1

[177] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 26

oq
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27
Fa 41/J12/3
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41/J12/5

[178] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 28

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29 Fa 43/N11/4
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43/N11/7
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30

41/N11/1
31
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[179] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 oq
41/N11/6

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32

43/J11/1
33
Fa 43/J11/2
34
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43/J11/3

[180] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 35

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43/J11/6

36

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41/J11/1
37
Fa
41/J11/2
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38
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41/J11/7

[181] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 39

oq
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43/N10/2
40

Fa
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43/N10/7
41

Answer: 33.3 41/N10/2

[182] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 42

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Answer: i) 7 ii) 21.1 degrees iii) 2.8 41/N10/5

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43

Fa
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Answer: i) a) 2.2 b) 6 c) 1.94 ii) 2.6 41/N10/6

44
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[183] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 43/J10/3
45

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Answer: 0.845 41/J10/1
46

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47
Answer: i) 3 ii) 0.32
Fa 41/J10/5
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J16/41/Q2

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J16/41/Q3
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[184] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 49

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J16/41/Q7

50
Fa
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J16/43/Q1
51
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J16/43/Q5
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52

J17/41/Q1

[185] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 53

oq
J17/41/Q4

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Fa
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J17/43/Q6
55
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J18/41/Q6

[186] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 56

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J18/43/Q6

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57

Fa
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N16/41/Q5

[187] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 58

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Fa N16/41/Q6

59
an

N16/43/Q1
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60
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[188] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 N16/43/Q6

61

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N17/41/Q2
62

Fa
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N17/41/Q3

63
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N17/43/Q2

[189] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 64

oq
N18/41/Q2
65

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N18/41/Q3
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Fa N18/43/Q3

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N18/43/Q6

[190] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 68

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N15/43/Q5
69

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N15/43/Q7
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70
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N15/41/Q1

71
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N15/41/Q3

[191] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 MOMENTUM

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EXAMPLE 1
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EXAMPLE 2
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[192] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 COLLISIONS

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EXAMPLE 3
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EXAMPLE 4
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EXAMPLE 4

[193] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 oq
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Fa
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[194] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 oq
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Fa
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[195] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 oq
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Fa
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[196] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 oq
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[197] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 HOMEWORK: MOMENTUM PRACTICE QUESTIONS
1

oq
4 M1 Dynamics Q1
Ans : k = 3
2

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3
Ans : v = (+) 2.25 ms-1 Fa M1 Dynamics Q3
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Ans : a) v = 3 ms-1 b) m = 3.6 M1 Dynamics Q4

4
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Ans : v = 4.4 ms-1 M1 Dynamics Q5

[198] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 5

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Ans : a) v = - 0.7 ms-1 so speed = 0.7 ms-1 b) Direction Q unchanged M1 Dynamics Q6

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6

7
Fa M1 Dynamics Q9
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Ans : m = 840 kg M1 Dynamics Q10

8
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Ans : v = 2.5 ms-1 M1 Dynamics Q13

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[199] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 9

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Ans : a) v = 4 ms-1 b) v = 1.2 ms-1 M1 Momentum 2 Q1
10

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Ans : v = 0.8 b) v = 1.4 M1 Momentum 2 Q1

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11
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Answer: i) 0.65 ii) 0.85 M1 Momentum Q1

[200] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 12

Answer: 2000 M1 momentum Q1

13

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Answer: i) 0.2, same as heavier skater M1 Momentum Q2
14

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Answer: i) 0.12 ii) a) 0.14 b) 0.42, 0.02 M1 Momentum Q4
15
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[201] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 Answer: i) 1 ii) 0.85 b) 1.21 M1 Momentum Q4
16

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Answer: ii) v(m+0.5)=4m-1.5 iii) 1.5 M1 Momentum Q5
17
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Answer: i) 0.2 ii) a) 1 b) 14400 M1 Momentum Q5

[202] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 18

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19
Fa
Answer: i) P=3.2 Q=0.2 v=2.18 ii) b) 11.45 m M1 momentum Q7
an
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Answer: ii) 1.27 seconds (with g=9.8) M1 Momentum q7

[203] Compiled by: Salman Farooq

 Cambridge International AS & A Level Mathematics 9709 syllabus for 2020, 2021 and 2022.  Subject content

4 Mechanics (for Paper 4)

Questions set will be mainly numerical, and will aim to test mechanical principles without involving difficult
algebra or trigonometry. However, candidates should be familiar in particular with the following trigonometrical
results:

sin ^90c - ih / cos i , cos ^90c - ih / sin i , tan i / cos i , sin 2 i + cos 2 i / 1.
sin i

oq
Knowledge of algebraic methods from the content for Paper 1: Pure Mathematics 1 is assumed.

This content list refers to the equilibrium or motion of a ‘particle’. Examination questions may involve extended
bodies in a ‘realistic’ context, but these extended bodies should be treated as particles, so any force acting on
them is modelled as acting at a single point.

Vector notation will not be used in the question papers.

ro
4.1 Forces and equilibrium
Candidates should be able to: Notes and examples
•• identify the forces acting in a given situation e.g. by drawing a force diagram.

and use components and resultants

Fa
•• understand the vector nature of force, and find

•• use the principle that, when a particle is in

equilibrium, the vector sum of the forces acting
is zero, or equivalently, that the sum of the
components in any direction is zero
•• understand that a contact force between two
an
Calculations are always required, not approximate
solutions by scale drawing.
Solutions by resolving are usually expected, but
equivalent methods (e.g. triangle of forces, Lami’s
Theorem, where suitable) are also acceptable; these
other methods are not required knowledge, and will
not be referred to in questions.

surfaces can be represented by two components,

the normal component and the frictional
component
•• use the model of a ‘smooth’ contact, and
understand the limitations of this model
m

•• understand the concepts of limiting friction Terminology such as ‘about to slip’ may be used to
and limiting equilibrium, recall the definition of mean ‘in limiting equilibrium’ in questions.
coefficient of friction, and use the relationship
F = nR or F G nR , as appropriate
l

•• use Newton’s third law. e.g. the force exerted by a particle on the ground
is equal and opposite to the force exerted by the
Sa

ground on the particle.

24 www.cambridgeinternational.org/alevel Back to contents page

 Cambridge International AS & A Level Mathematics 9709 syllabus for 2020, 2021 and 2022.  Subject content

4 Mechanics
4.2 Kinematics of motion in a straight line
Candidates should be able to:
•• understand the concepts of distance and speed
as scalar quantities, and of displacement, velocity
and acceleration as vector quantities
Notes and examples
Restricted to motion in one dimension only.
The term ‘deceleration’ may sometimes be used in
the context of decreasing speed.

oq
•• sketch and interpret displacement–time graphs
and velocity–time graphs, and in particular
appreciate that
–– the area under a velocity–time graph
represents displacement,
–– the gradient of a displacement–time graph

ro
represents velocity,
–– the gradient of a velocity–time graph
represents acceleration
•• use differentiation and integration with respect Calculus required is restricted to techniques from the
to time to solve simple problems concerning content for Paper 1: Pure Mathematics 1.
Fa
displacement, velocity and acceleration
•• use appropriate formulae for motion with
constant acceleration in a straight line.
Questions may involve setting up more than one
equation, using information about the motion of
different particles.

4.3 Momentum
an

Candidates should be able to: Notes and examples

•• use the definition of linear momentum and show
understanding of its vector nature
•• use conservation of linear momentum to solve
problems that may be modelled as the direct
m
For motion in one dimension only.
Including direct impact of two bodies where the
bodies coalesce on impact.

impact of two bodies. Knowledge of impulse and the coefficient of

restitution is not required.
l
Sa

Back to contents page www.cambridgeinternational.org/alevel 25

 Cambridge International AS & A Level Mathematics 9709 syllabus for 2020, 2021 and 2022.  Subject content
4 Mechanics
4.4 Newton’s laws of motion
Candidates should be able to:
•• apply Newton’s laws of motion to the linear
motion of a particle of constant mass moving
under the action of constant forces, which may
include friction, tension in an inextensible string
and thrust in a connecting rod
•• use the relationship between mass and weight
•• solve simple problems which may be modelled as
the motion of a particle moving vertically or on
an inclined plane with constant acceleration
•• solve simple problems which may be modelled as
the motion of connected particles. Fa
4.5 Energy, work and power
Candidates should be able to:
•• understand the concept of the work done by a
an
force, and calculate the work done by a constant
force when its point of application undergoes a
displacement not necessarily parallel to the force
•• understand the concepts of gravitational
potential energy and kinetic energy, and use
appropriate formulae
m
•• understand and use the relationship between the
change in energy of a system and the work done
by the external forces, and use in appropriate
cases the principle of conservation of energy
l
•• use the definition of power as the rate at which
Sa
a force does work, and use the relationship
between power, force and velocity for a force
acting in the direction of motion
•• solve problems involving, for example, the
instantaneous acceleration of a car moving on a
hill against a resistance.
26 www.cambridgeinternational.org/alevel
Notes and examples
If any other forces resisting motion are to be
considered (e.g. air resistance) this will be indicated in
the question.
oq
W = mg. In this component, questions are mainly
numerical, and use of the approximate numerical
value 10 (m s–2) for g is expected.
Including, for example, motion of a particle on a
ro
rough plane where the acceleration while moving
up the plane is different from the acceleration while
moving down the plane.
e.g. particles connected by a light inextensible string
passing over a smooth pulley, or a car towing a trailer
by means of either a light rope or a light rigid tow-
bar.
Notes and examples
W = Fd cos i ;
Use of the scalar product is not required.
Including cases where the motion may not be linear
(e.g. a child on a smooth curved ‘slide’), where only
overall energy changes need to be considered.
Including calculation of (average) power as
Work done
.
Time taken
P = Fv.
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 Cambridge International AS & A Level Mathematics 9709 syllabus for 2020, 2021 and 2022.

5  List of formulae and statistical tables (MF19)

PURE MATHEMATICS

Mensuration
Volume of sphere = 4
3
πr 3

oq
Surface area of sphere = 4πr 2
Volume of cone or pyramid = 13 × base area × height

Area of curved surface of cone = πr × slant height

Arc length of circle = rθ ( θ in radians)

ro
Area of sector of circle = 12 r 2θ ( θ in radians)

Algebra
For the quadratic equation ax 2 + bx + c =0:
Fa −b ± b 2 − 4ac
x=
2a
For an arithmetic series:
un= a + (n − 1)d , S=
n
1
2
n( a + l=
) 1
2
n{2a + (n − 1) d }

For a geometric series:

an

a(1 − r n ) a
un = ar n −1 , Sn =
1− r
(r ≠ 1) , S∞ =
1− r
( r <1 )

Binomial series:
n  n  n
(a + b) n = a n +   a n −1b +   a n − 2b 2 +   a n −3b3 + K + b n , where n is a positive integer
1  2  3
m

n n!
and   =
 r  r!(n − r )!
n(n − 1) 2 n(n − 1)(n − 2) 3
l

(1 + x) n =+
1 nx + x + x + K , where n is rational and x < 1
2! 3!
Sa

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 Cambridge International AS & A Level Mathematics 9709 syllabus for 2020, 2021 and 2022.  List of formulae and statistical tables (MF19)

Trigonometry
sin θ
tan θ ≡
cos θ
cos 2 θ + sin 2 θ ≡ 1 , 1 + tan 2 θ ≡ sec 2 θ , cot 2 θ + 1 ≡ cosec 2 θ
sin( A ± B) ≡ sin A cos B ± cos A sin B
cos( A ± B) ≡ cos A cos B m sin A sin B

oq
tan A ± tan B
tan( A ± B ) ≡
1 m tan A tan B
sin 2 A ≡ 2sin A cos A
cos 2 A ≡ cos 2 A − sin 2 A ≡ 2cos 2 A − 1 ≡ 1 − 2sin 2 A

ro
2 tan A
tan 2 A ≡
1 − tan 2 A
Principal values:
− 12 π ⩽ sin −1 x ⩽ 12 π , Fa 0 ⩽ cos −1 x ⩽ π , − 12 π < tan −1 x < 12 π

Differentiation
f( x ) f ′( x )

xn nx n −1
1
ln x
x
an

ex ex
sin x cos x
cos x − sin x
tan x sec 2 x
m

sec x sec x tan x

cosec x − cosec x cot x
cot x − cosec 2 x
l

1
tan −1 x
Sa

1 + x2
du dv
uv v +u
dx dx
du dv
v −u
u dx dx
v v2
dy dy dx
If x = f(t ) and y = g(t ) then = ÷
dx dt dt

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3
 Cambridge International AS & A Level Mathematics 9709 syllabus for 2020, 2021 and 2022.  List of formulae and statistical tables (MF19)

Integration
(Arbitrary constants are omitted; a denotes a positive constant.)

f( x ) ∫ f( x ) dx
x n +1
xn (n ≠ −1)
n +1
1
ln x

oq
x
ex ex
sin x − cos x
cos x sin x

ro
sec 2 x tan x
1 1 x
tan −1  
x + a2
2
a a
1 1 x−a
ln ( x > a)
x − a2
2

1
Fa 2a x + a

1
ln
a+x
( x < a)
a − x2
2
2a a − x
dv du
∫ u dx dx = uv −∫ v dx dx
f ′( x)
∫ f ( x) dx = ln f ( x)
an

Vectors
If a = a1i + a2 j + a3k and b = b1i + b2 j + b3k then

a.b = a1b1 + a2b2 + a3b3 = a b cos θ

l m
Sa

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4
 Cambridge International AS & A Level Mathematics 9709 syllabus for 2020, 2021 and 2022.  List of formulae and statistical tables (MF19)

MECHANICS

Uniformly accelerated motion

v= u + at , =s 1
2
(u + v)t , s ut + 12 at 2 ,
= 2
v= u 2 + 2as

FURTHER MECHANICS
Motion of a projectile

oq
Equation of trajectory is:
gx 2
y = x tan θ −
2V 2 cos 2 θ

Elastic strings and springs

ro
λx λ x2
T= , E=
l 2l

Motion in a circle Fa
For uniform circular motion, the acceleration is directed towards the centre and has magnitude
v2
ω 2r or
r

Centres of mass of uniform bodies

Triangular lamina: 23 along median from vertex

Solid hemisphere of radius r: 83 r from centre

an

Hemispherical shell of radius r: 1

2
r from centre

r sin α
Circular arc of radius r and angle 2α: from centre
α
2r sin α
m

Circular sector of radius r and angle 2α: from centre

3α
Solid cone or pyramid of height h: 3
4
h from vertex
l
Sa

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7