‫م‬

‫ﻼ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﻹ‬
‫ا‬‫م‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﺣ‬
‫أ‬‫ﻢ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﻴﻂو‬
‫ﺒﺴ‬
‫ﺗ‬
‫ر‬
‫ﻟﻤﺼﻮ‬
‫ا‬‫ات‬
‫ﺎد‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻟﻌ‬‫ا‬
‫ﻘﻪ‬‫ﻓ‬
‫ﺞ‬
‫ﺤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻛ‬‫ﺰ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ا‬ ‫م‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻟﺼ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ﻼ‬
‫ة‬ ‫ا‬
‫ﻟﺼ‬ ‫ة‬
‫ر‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻬ‬‫ﻄ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬

‫م‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻫ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺑ‬‫ﻢ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻦﺳ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ﻪ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫‪.‬ﻋ‬
‫د‬

‫اﻟﺣﯾض واﻻﺳﺗﺣﺎﺿﺔ واﻟﻧﻔﺎس‬

 ‫‪https://www.al-feqh.com/ar‬‬
‫ﻛﺘـــــــــــﺎب اﻟﻄﻬﺎرة‬

‫‪١١‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻴﺾ واﻻﺳﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ واﻟﻨﻔﺎس‬
‫اﻟﺤﻴﺾ‬
‫‪https://www.al-feqh.com/ar‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳـــــــﺎت‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﺤﻴﺾ‬
‫اﻟﺤﻴﺾ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﺤﻴﺾ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺾ ﻟﻐﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺔ دم اﻟﺤﻴﺾ‬
‫ﺳﻴﻼﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﻭﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻦ اﻟﺤﻴﺾ وﻣﺪﺗﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻦ أﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﺤﻴﺾ‬
‫اﻻﺳﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻻﺳﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻋﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺾ ً‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﻴﻦ دم اﻟﺤﻴﺾ واﻻﺳﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ‬

‫ﺩﻡ ﻳﺨﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺣﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺃﺓ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫أﺣﻮال اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﺃﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺳﺒﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻔﺎس‬

‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻨﻔﺎس‬
‫ﻣﺪة اﻟﻨﻔﺎس‬

‫ﺻﻔﺔ دم اﻟﺤﻴﺾ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ أﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﻨﻔﺎس‬

‫ﻣﺎ ﻳﺤﺮم ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻴﺾ واﻟﻨﻔﺎس‬
‫ﺃﺳـﻮﺩ ﻛﺄﻧﻪ ﳏﱰﻕ ﻣﻦ ﺷـﺪﺓ ﺳـﻮﺍﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﻊ‪ ،‬ﻛﺮﻳـﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺋﺤﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﲢﺲ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻦ اﻟﺤﻴﺾ‬
‫ﻟﻴـﺲ ﻫﻨـﺎﻙ ﺳـﻦ ﻣﻌﲔ ﻟﺒـﺪﺀ ﺍﳊﻴـﺾ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﳜﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺤﺴـﺐ‬
‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻭﺑﻴﺌﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺘﻰ ﺭﺃﺕ ﺍﻷﻧﺜﻰ ﺩﻡ ﺍﳊﻴﺾ ﻓﻬﻲ‬
‫ﺣﺎﺋﺾ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺪة اﻟﺤﻴﺾ‬
‫ﻟﻴـﺲ ﻟﻠﺤﻴﺾ ﺣﺪﱞ ﻣﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴـﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﲢﻴﺾ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﲢﻴﺾ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﳊﻴﺾ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻳـﺎﻡ؛ ﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﷺ ﳊﹶ ﹾﻤﻨﹶﺔ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺟﺤﺶ ‪-‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﲢﻴﺾ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻛﺜـﲑﺓ‪ » :-‬ﹶﻓﺘ ﹶﹶﺤ ﱠﻴ ﹺﴤ ﹺﺳـ ﱠﺘ ﹶﺔ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻳـﺎ ﹴﻡ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ﹾﻭ ﹶﺳـ ﹾﺒ ﹶﻌ ﹶﺔ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻳﺎ ﹴﻡ‪ ،‬ﹺﰲ ﹺﻋ ﹾﻠـ ﹺﻢ ﺍﷲﹺ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛ ﱠﻢ‬
‫ﺍ ﹾﻏﺘ ﹺﹶﺴ ﹺﲇ« )ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ(‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﻘﻪ اﻟﻌﺒﺎدات اﻟﻤﺼﻮر‬ ‫‪٦٤‬‬

 ‫‪https://www.al-feqh.com/ar‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻴﺾ واﻻﺳﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ واﻟﻨﻔﺎس‬

‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫‪ .١‬ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﻣﻞ ﻻ ﲢﻴﺾ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺭﺃﺕ ﺍﻟـﺪﻡ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬
‫ﺑﺰﻣـﻦ ﻳﺴـﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﺎﺣﺒـﻪ‬
‫‪https://www.al-feqh.com/ar‬‬

‫ﻃﻠﻖ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬـﻮ ﺩﻡ ﻧﻔﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ‬

‫ﻳﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻃﻠـﻖ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺑﺰﻣـﻦ ﻛﺒﲑ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺩﻡ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﻄﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺾ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺄﺧﺮ ﺍﳊﻴﺾ ﻋﻦ ﺯﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺎﺩ ﻟﺪ￯ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ‪ ،‬ﻛﺄﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ ﻓﱰﺍﻩ ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺯﺍﺩﺕ ﺃﻭ ﻧﻘﺼﺖ ﻣﺪﺗﻪ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺎﺩﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﺄﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﺎﺩﲥﺎ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻓﺘﺰﻳﺪ ﻟﺴﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﺗﻠﺘﻔﺖ ﳍﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺘﻰ‬
‫ﺭﺃﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺣﻴﺾ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺘﻰ ﺭﺃﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺮ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻃﻬﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﻳﻌـﺮﻑ ﻃﻬـﺮ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺑﺨـﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﻟ ﹶﻘ ﱠﺼـﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺳـﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫ﺃﺑﻴﺾ ﳜﺮﺝ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﳊﻴﺾ‪ -‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﲣﺮﺝ ﻓﻌﻼﻣﺔ ﻃﻬﺮﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻔﺎﻑ‪ ،‬ﺑﺄﻥ ﺗﻀـﻊ ﻗﻄﻨﺔ ﺑﻴﻀﺎﺀ ﰲ ﻓﺮﺟﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺨﺮﺝ ﺟﺎﻓﺔ ﻻ‬
‫ﳾﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ُ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜ ْﺪ َﺭﺓ‪:‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ اﻟﺼﻔﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻜﺪﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ ﺩﻡ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺼﱡ ْﻔ َﺮﺓ‪:‬‬
‫ﻫﻲ ﺩﻡ ﺃﺻﻔﺮ ﻳﺨﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺃﺓ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻦ أﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﺤﻴﺾ‬

‫‪ .١‬ﺣﻜﻢ اﻟﻜﺪرة واﻟﺼﻔﺮة‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻜﺪرة واﻟﺼﻔﺮة‪:‬‬
‫ﺣﻜﻢ اﻟﻜﺪرة واﻟﺼﻔﺮة‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﻜﺪﺭﺍ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴـﻮﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﺃﺕ ﺍﳌـﺮﺃﺓ ﺩ ﹰﻣـﺎ ﺃﺻﻔﺮ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ اﻟﻜﺪﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺭﺃﺕ ﳎﺮﺩ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﻻ ﲣﻠﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﲔ‪:‬‬

‫‪٦٥‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻪ اﻟﻌﺒﺎدات اﻟﻤﺼﻮر‬

 ‫‪https://www.al-feqh.com/ar‬‬
‫ﻛﺘـــــــــــﺎب اﻟﻄﻬﺎرة‬

‫اﻻﺳﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ‬ ‫‪ .١‬إﻣﺎ أن ﺗﺮاه ﻓﻲ زﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﻴﺾ‪ ،‬أو ﻣﺘﺼ ًﻠﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ‬

‫اﻟﻄﻬﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻻﺳﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﻫـﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﳊﻴﺾ؛ ﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﹶﻋ ﹺﺎﺋ ﹶﺸـ ﹶﺔ ‪-‬ﺭﴈ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻓﹺ ﹶﻴﻬﺎ ﺍ ﹾﻟﻜ ﹾﹸﺮ ﹸﺳ ﹸ‬
‫ـﻒ)‪(٢‬ﹺ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ -‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺴـﺎﺀ ﹸﻛ ﱠﻦ ﹶﻳ ﹾﺒ ﹶﻌ ﹾﺜ ﹶﻦ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﹺﺎﻟﺪﱡ ﹶﺭ ﹶﺟﺔ ﹺ‬
‫»ﻻ ﹶﺗ ﹾﻌ ﹶﺠ ﹾﻠ ﹶﻦ ﹶﺣﺘﱠﻰ ﺗ ﹶﹶﺮ ﹾﻳ ﹶﻦ ﺍ ﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ﱠﺼ ﹶﺔ ﺍ ﹾﻟ ﹶﺒ ﹾﻴ ﹶﻀﺎ ﹶﺀ« ﺗ ﹺﹸﺮﻳﺪﹸ‬ ‫ﹺ ﹺ‬
‫‪https://www.al-feqh.com/ar‬‬

‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﹶ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼ ﹾﻔ ﹶﺮﺓﹸ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﺘ ﹸﻘ ﹸ‬

‫ﻓﻴﻪ ﱡ‬
‫ﺳـــﻴﻼﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﻣﻦ ﻓـــﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻤـــﺮﺃﺓ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴ ﹶ ﹺ‬ ‫ﹺ‬ ‫ﹺ‬
‫ﻀﺔ )ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﹺ ﹶﺬﻟ ﹶﻚ ﺍﻟ ﱡﻄ ﹾﻬ ﹶﺮ ﻣ ﹾﻦ ﹾ ﹶ ﹾ‬
‫ﺃﺑـــﺪﺍ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻳﻨﻘﻄﻊ ﻋﻨﻬـــﺎ ﻣﺪﺓ‬
‫ً‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻘﻄـــﻊ ﻋﻨﻬـــﺎ‬ ‫‪ .٢‬وإﻣﺎ أن ﺗﺮاه ﻓﻲ زﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﻬﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﻳﺴﻴﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺷﻴﺌﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺿﻮﺀ ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﹺ‬
‫ﻏﺴﻞ؛ ﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﹸﺃ ﱢﻡ ﹶﻋﻄ ﱠﻴ ﹶﺔ ﺃﳖﺎ ﹶﻗﺎ ﹶﻟ ﹾﺖ‪ » :‬ﹸﻛﻨﱠﺎ ﹶﻻ ﹶﻧ ﹸﻌﺪﱡ ﺍ ﹾﻟ ﹸﻜﺪﹾ ﹶﺭ ﹶﺓ ﹶﻭ ﱡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼ ﹾﻔ ﹶﺮ ﹶﺓ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﻴﻦ دم اﻟﺤﻴﺾ واﻻﺳﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ‬ ‫ﹶﺑ ﹾﻌﺪﹶ ﺍﻟ ﱡﻄ ﹾﻬ ﹺﺮ ﹶﺷ ﹾﻴ ﹰﺌﺎ« )ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﻡ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺾ‬ ‫‪ .٢‬ﺣﻜﻢ َﺗ ‹‬
‫ﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﺤﻴﺾ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﺣﻤﺮ ﺭﻗﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﻮﺩ ﻏﻠﻴﻆ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﺃﺕ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻳﻮ ﹰﻣﺎ ﺩ ﹰﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻮ ﹰﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﺎ ﹰﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺤﻮ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﻻ ﲣﻠﻮ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﲔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻻ ﺭﺍﺋﺤﺔ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ﺭﺍﺋﺤﺔ ﻛﺮﻳﻬﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﻨﺔ‬ ‫‪ .١‬أن ﻳﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ وﻗﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﺠﻤﺪ )ﻳﺘﺠﻠﻂ(‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﺘﺠﻤﺪ )ﻻ ﻳﺘﺠﻠﻂ(‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺩﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﻘﻄﻌﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ً‬ ‫‪ .٢‬أن ﻳﻜﻮن‬
‫ﻳﺨﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺮﻕ ﺃﺩﻧﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﺨﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻗﺼﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻢ‬
‫ﺑﺤﻴـﺚ ﻳﺄﺗﻴﻬـﺎ ﺑﻌـﺾ ﺍﻟﻮﻗـﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻄﻬـﺮ ﰲ ﺑﻌـﺾ ﺍﻟﻮﻗـﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﻡ ﻋﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﺮﺽ ﻭﻓﺴﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﻡ ﺻﺤﺔ ﻭﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻛﺎﻵﰐ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ -‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻧﻘـﺺ ﺍﻧﻘﻄـﺎﻉ ﺍﻟـﺪﻡ ﻋـﻦ ﻳـﻮﻡ ﲢﺴـﺐ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌـﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺨﺮﺝ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴﺾ‪.‬‬
‫أﺣﻮال اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﺃﺕ ﰲ ﻣـﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪-‬ﻛﺄﻥ ﺗﺮ￯ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺔ‬
‫ﻃﻬﺮﺍ‪ ،‬ﺳـﻮﺍﺀ ﺃﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎﺀ‪ -‬ﻓﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺪﺓ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﹰ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ا‪C‬وﻟﻰ‪ :‬أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻟﻬﺎ ﻋﺎدة‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮوﻓﺔ ﻟﺤﻴﺾ ﻣﻌﻠﻮم ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫اﻻﺳﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﻴﻀـﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻌﺘـﱪ ﺑﻘﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﺸـﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻬـﺬﻩ ﲢﺘﺴـﺐ ﻗـﺪﺭ ﻋﺎﺩﲥـﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ؛ ﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﹶﻋ ﹺﺎﺋ ﹶﺸ ﹶﺔ‪-‬ﺭﴈ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ -‬ﺃﻥ ﹶﻓﺎﻃ ﹶﻤﺔ ﺑﹺﻨﹾﺖ ﹶﺃ ﹺﰊ‬
‫ﹺ‬
‫ـﻮﻝ ﺍﷲﹺ‪ ،‬ﺇﹺ ﱢﲏ ﹶﻻ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻃ ﹸﻬ ﹸﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﹸﺣ ﹶﺒ ﹾﻴـﺶ ‪-‬ﺭﴈ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ -‬ﹶﻗﺎ ﹶﻟ ﹾﺖ‪ » :‬ﹶﻳﺎ ﹶﺭ ﹸﺳ ﹶ‬
‫ﹺ‬ ‫ﹺ‬ ‫ﹺ‬
‫ـﻮﻝ ﺍﷲﹺ ﷺ‪ :‬ﹶﻻ‪ ،‬ﺇﹺ ﱠﻥ ﹶﺫﻟـﻚ ﻋ ﹾﺮ ﹲﻕ‪،‬‬ ‫ـﺎﻝ ﹶﳍﹶﺎ ﹶﺭ ﹸﺳ ﹸ‬‫ـﻼﺓﹶ؟ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘ ﹶ‬ ‫ﹶﺃ ﹶﻓ ﹶـﺄ ﹶﺩ ﹸﻉ ﱠ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼ ﹶ‬
‫ـﲔ ﻓﹺ ﹶﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛ ﱠﻢ‬
‫ﻴﻀ ﹶ‬ ‫ﲢ ﹺ‬‫ﹾﺖ ﹶ ﹺ‬
‫ﻭ ﹶﻟ ﹺﻜـﻦ ﺩ ﹺﻋـﻲ ﺍﻟﺼ ﹶﻼ ﹶﺓ ﹶﻗـﺪﹾ ﺭ ﺍﻷﹶﻳﺎ ﹺﻡ ﺍ ﱠﻟﺘﹺـﻲ ﹸﻛﻨ ﹺ‬
‫ﹶ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﹾ ﹶ‬ ‫ﹶ‬
‫ﹺ‬ ‫ﹺ‬
‫ﺍ ﹾﻏﺘﹶﺴﲇ ﹶﻭ ﹶﺻ ﱢﲇ« )ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟ ﱡﺪﺭ ﹶ ﹶﺟ ﹺﺔ‪ :‬ﺷﻲﺀ ﲢﺘﺸﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻫﻞ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺛﺮ ﺍﳊﻴﺾ ﺷﻲﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﹾﻜﹸﺮ ﹾ ﹸﺳ ﹸﻒ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻦ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﻘﻪ اﻟﻌﺒﺎدات اﻟﻤﺼﻮر‬ ‫‪٦٦‬‬

 ‫‪https://www.al-feqh.com/ar‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻴﺾ واﻻﺳﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ واﻟﻨﻔﺎس‬

‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼـﻒ ﻋـﺪﺩ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻧـﺖ ﻳﺄﺗﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﻴﻀﻬﺎ؛ ﻷﻥ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﺸـﻬﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ :‬أن ﻻ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻟﻬﺎ ﻋﺎدة‬
‫ﺃﻗﺮﺏ ﺇﱃ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻭﻗﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮوﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ اﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﺑﻴﻦ دم‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻧﻘﻀـﺖ ﻣـﺪﺓ ﺍﳊﻴﺾ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧـﺖ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻣﺴـﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ ﻓﺈﳖﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻴﺾ ودم اﻻﺳﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻐﺘﺴـﻞ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﺗﻌﺼﺐ ﺑﺨﺮﻗﺔ ﻋﲆ ﻓﺮﺟﻬـﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﳍﺎ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻬـﺬﻩ ﺗﻌﻤـﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴـﺰ؛ ﳌﺎ ﺛﺒﺖ ﻋـﻦ ﹶﻓﺎﻃﹺﻤـ ﹶﺔ ﺑﹺﻨ ﹺ‬
‫ﹾـﺖ ﹶﺃ ﹺﰊ ﹸﺣ ﹶﺒ ﹾﻴ ﹴ‬
‫ﺶ‬ ‫ﹶ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﻬـﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺼﲇ ﻭﺗﺼﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﴬﻫﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺰﻝ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻡ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫‪https://www.al-feqh.com/ar‬‬

‫ﺎﺽ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘ ﹶﺎﻝ ﹶﳍﹶـﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﱠﺒﹺ ﱡﻲ ﷺ‪:‬‬ ‫ﹶﺖ ﺗ ﹾﹸﺴـﺘ ﹶﹶﺤ ﹸ‬ ‫‪-‬ﺭﴈ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬـﺎ‪ -‬ﹶﺃ ﱠﳖﹶﺎ ﻛﹶﺎﻧ ﹾ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺿـﻮﺀ؛ ﻷﳖﺎ ﻣﻌﺬﻭﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﳍـﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼﺙ‬
‫ﹶﺎﻥ ﹶﺫﻟﹺ ﹶ‬
‫ـﻚ‬ ‫ﻑ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓـﺈﹺ ﹶﺫﺍ ﻛ ﹶ‬‫ـﻮ ﹸﺩ ﹸﻳ ﹾﻌ ﹶـﺮ ﹸ‬ ‫ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﳊﹶ ﹾﻴ ﹶﻀـﺔ ﹶﻓﺈﹺﻧﱠـ ﹸﻪ ﹶﺩ ﹲﻡ ﹶﺃ ﹾﺳ ﹶ‬ ‫»ﺇﹺ ﹶﺫﺍ ﻛ ﹶ‬
‫ﹶﺎﻥ ﹶﺩ ﹸﻡ ﹾ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻵﺧ ﹸـﺮ ﹶﻓﺘ ﹶﹶﻮ ﱠﺿ ﹺﺌـﻲ‪ ،‬ﹶﻭ ﹶﺻ ﱢ‬
‫ـﲇ‪،‬‬ ‫ﹶﺎﻥ ﹶ‬ ‫ـﻼ ﹺﺓ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓـﺈﹺ ﹶﺫﺍ ﻛ ﹶ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼ ﹶ‬
‫ـﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫ـﻜﻲ ﹶﻋ ﹺ‬‫ﹶﻓ ﹶﺄﻣ ﹺﺴ ﹺ‬
‫ﹾ‬
‫ﺃ‪ -‬ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﻮﺿـﺄ ﻟـﻜﻞ ﺻـﻼﺓ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺩﺧـﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﻗـﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﹺ‬
‫ﹶﻓﺈﹺﻧ ﹶﱠﲈ ﹸﻫ ﹶﻮ ﻋ ﹾﺮ ﹲﻕ« )ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻏﺴـﻞ ﻓﺮﺟﻬﺎ ﻭﺷـﺪ ﺧﺮﻗـﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﻟﻘﻮﻟـﻪ ﷺ ﻟﻔﺎﻃﻤـﺔ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺃﰊ‬
‫ﺣﺒﻴـﺶ ‪-‬ﺭﴈ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬـﺎ‪» :-‬ﺛـﻢ ﺗﻮﺿﺌﻲ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺻـﻼﺓ ﻭﺻﲇ«‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪ :‬أن ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻟﻬﺎ ﻋﺎدة‪ ،‬وﻻ‬
‫)ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ اﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻬـﺬﻩ ﺗﻌﻤـﻞ ﺑﻌـﺎﺩﺓ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﺴـﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳊﻴﺾ ﺳـﺘﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺳـﺒﻌﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﺷـﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﺗﺒـﺪﺃ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗﺮ￯ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﳊ ﹾﻤﻨﹶﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﺪﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸـﻬﺮ ﺍﺳـﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ؛ ﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺒـﻲ ﷺ ﹶ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺖ ﹶﺟ ﹾﺤﺶ ‪-‬ﺭﴈ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ » :-‬ﹶﻓﺘ ﹶﹶﺤ ﱠﻴ ﹺﴤ ﹺﺳـ ﱠﺘ ﹶﺔ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻳﺎ ﹴﻡ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ﹾﻭ ﹶﺳـ ﹾﺒ ﹶﻌ ﹶﺔ‬ ‫ﹺ‬
‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﱠﻚ ﹶﻗﺪﹾ ﹶﻃﻬﺮ ﹺ‬ ‫ـﺖ ﹶﺃﻧ ﹺ‬ ‫ﹶﺃﻳـﺎ ﹴﻡ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﹺﻋ ﹾﻠ ﹺﻢ ﺍﷲﹺ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ ﺍ ﹾﻏﺘ ﹺﹶﺴ ﹺـﲇ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﱠﻰ ﺇﹺ ﹶﺫﺍ ﺭ ﹶﺃﻳ ﹺ‬
‫ﹸﹾ‬ ‫ﹶ ﹾ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﴩﻳ ﹶﻦ‬ ‫ﹺ‬
‫ﴩﻳـ ﹶﻦ ﹶﻟ ﹾﻴ ﹶﻠـ ﹰﺔ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ﹾﻭ ﹶﺃ ﹾﺭ ﹶﺑ ﹰﻌـﺎ ﹶﻭﻋ ﹾ ﹺ‬ ‫ﹺ‬ ‫ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﺳـ ﹶﺘﻨﹾ ﹶﻘ ﹾﺄﺕ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﺼـﲇ ﹶﺛ ﹶﻼ ﹰﺛـﺎ ﹶﻭﻋ ﹾ ﹺ‬ ‫ﹶﻭ ﹾ‬
‫ﹸـﻚ‪ ،‬ﹶﻭﻛ ﹶﹶﺬﻟﹺ ﹶﻚ ﹶﻓﺎ ﹾﻓ ﹶﻌ ﹺﲇ ﹺﰲ‬ ‫ﻮﻣـﻲ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓﺈﹺ ﱠﻥ ﹶﺫﻟﹺ ﹶﻚ ﹸﳚ ﹺﺰﺋ ﹺ‬ ‫ﹶﻟﻴ ﹶﻠـ ﹰﺔ ﻭ ﹶﺃﻳﺎﻣﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻ ﹺ‬
‫ﹾ‬ ‫ﹾ ﹶ ﱠ ﹶﹶ ﹶ ﹸ‬
‫ﹺ‬ ‫ﹺ‬ ‫ﹺ‬
‫ـﺎﺕ ﹶﺣ ﹾﻴﻀ ﹺﻬ ﱠﻦ‬ ‫ﻴﺾ ﺍﻟﻨ ﹶﱢﺴـﺎ ﹸﺀ‪ ،‬ﹶﻭﻛ ﹶﹶﲈ ﹶﻳ ﹾﻄ ﹸﻬ ﹾـﺮ ﹶﻥ ﻣﻴ ﹶﻘ ﹶ‬ ‫ـﻬ ﹴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛ ﹶ‬
‫ﹶـﲈ ﹶﲢ ﹸ‬ ‫ﻛ ﱢﹸﻞ ﹶﺷ ﹾ‬
‫ﹶﻭ ﹸﻃ ﹾﻬ ﹺﺮ ﹺﻫ ﱠﻦ« )ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ(‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﺔ‪ :‬أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻟﻬﺎ ﻋﺎدة‪،‬‬
‫وﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ اﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﲢﺴـﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴـﺰ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﺿﺒﻂ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺃﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﻧﺴﻴﺖ ﻋﺎﺩﲥﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫‪ .١‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧـﺖ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻋﺎﳌﺔ ﺑﺰﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻴﺾ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻧﺴـﻴﺖ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺣﻴﻀﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﳖﺎ ﲢﺘﺴﺐ ﺑﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧـﺖ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻋﺎﳌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪﺩ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺣﻴﻀﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻧﺴـﻴﺖ ﺯﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻴﺾ ﻫﻞ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺸـﻬﺮ ﺃﻡ ﺁﺧﺮﻩ؟ ﲢﺘﺴـﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺸـﻬﺮ‬
‫ﻋـﺪﺩ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻳﺄﺗﻴﻬـﺎ ﺍﳊﻴﺾ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﺇﻧـﻪ ﻳﺄﺗﻴﻬﺎ ﻧﺼﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸـﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺗﺴـﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﳖﺎ ﲢﺘﺴـﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﻝ‬

‫‪٦٧‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻪ اﻟﻌﺒﺎدات اﻟﻤﺼﻮر‬

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‫ﻛﺘـــــــــــﺎب اﻟﻄﻬﺎرة‬

‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺃﻥ ﺗﺆﺧـﺮ ﺍﻟﻈﻬـﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻗﺒـﻞ ﺍﻟﻌـﴫ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﺗﻐﺘﺴـﻞ ﻭﺗﺼﲇ‬

‫اﻟﻨﻔﺎس‬
‫ﺍﻟﻈﻬـﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﴫ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ؛ ﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﷺ ﳊﻤﻨﺔ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺟﺤﺶ ‪-‬ﺭﴈ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻨﻔﺎس‬ ‫ـﺮﻱ ﺍﻟ ﱡﻈ ﹾﻬ ﹶـﺮ‪ ،‬ﹶﻭ ﹸﺗ ﹶﻌ ﱢﺠ ﹺـﲇ‬ ‫ـﲆ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ﺗ ﹶﹸﺆ ﱢﺧ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻳـﺖ ﹶﻋ ﹶ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬـﺎ‪» :-‬ﻭﺇﹺ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻗ ﹺﻮ ﹺ‬
‫ﹶ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼ ﹶﻼﺗ ﹾ ﹺ‬
‫ﹶـﲔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟ ﱡﻈ ﹾﻬ ﹺﺮ ﹶﻭﺍ ﹾﻟ ﹶﻌ ﹾ ﹺ‬ ‫ﹺ‬
‫ﲔ‪ ،‬ﹶﻭ ﹶ ﹾﲡ ﹶﻤﻌ ﹶ‬ ‫ﴫ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﺘ ﹾﻐﺘ ﹺﹶﺴـﻠ ﹶ‬
‫ﹺ‬
‫ﴫ‪،‬‬ ‫ﲔ ﱠ‬ ‫ﲔ ﹶﺑ ﹾ ﹶ‬ ‫ﺍ ﹾﻟ ﹶﻌ ﹾ ﹶ‬
‫ﲔ‪ ،‬ﹶﻭ ﹶ ﹾﲡ ﹶﻤ ﹺﻌ ﹶ‬ ‫ﲔ ﺍ ﹾﻟ ﹺﻌ ﹶﺸـﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ ﹶﺗ ﹾﻐﺘ ﹺﹶﺴ ﹺ‬ ‫ﹶﻭﺗ ﹶﹸﺆ ﱢﺧ ﹺﺮﻳ ﹶﻦ ﺍ ﹾﹶﳌ ﹾﻐ ﹺﺮ ﹶﺏ‪ ،‬ﹶﻭ ﹸﺗ ﹶﻌ ﱢﺠ ﹺﻠ ﹶ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺱ‪:‬‬
‫ﲔ‬ ‫ـﻠ ﹶ‬
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‫ﺩﻡ ﻳﺨﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺣﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺃﺓ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺪة اﻟﻨﻔﺎس‬
‫ﻻ ﺣﺪ ﻷﻗﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺃﻛﺜﺮﻩ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻋﲆ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥ ﻳﻮ ﹰﻣﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺮ￯ ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺮ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﳖﺎ ﺗﻐﺘﺴﻞ ﻭﺗﺼﲇ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ أﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﻨﻔﺎس‬
‫‪ .١‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﻟـﺪﺕ ﺍﳌـﺮﺃﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﺗـﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ‪-‬ﻭﻫـﺬﺍ ﻧـﺎﺩﺭ ﺟـﺪﺍ‪ -‬ﺗﺘﻮﺿﺄ‬
‫ﻭﺗﺼﲇ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻏﺴﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺯﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﻋﲆ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻳﻮﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﳍﺎ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺑﺎﻧﻘﻄﺎﻋﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌـﲔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﺃﻣﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﲆ ﻗـﺮﺏ ﺍﻻﻧﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺮﺕ‬
‫ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﻨﻘﻄﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﺳـﺘﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻣﺴـﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺜﺒﺖ ﳍﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻃﻬﺮﺕ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻃﺎﻫﺮ ﻓﺘﻐﺘﺴﻞ ﻭﺗﺼﲇ ﻭﺗﺼﻮﻡ‬
‫ﻭﳚﺎﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٤‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻃﻬـﺮﺕ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﻋﺎﻭﺩﻫـﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﲔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻨﻈﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ -‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﻠﻤﺖ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺩﻡ ﻧﻔﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻋﻠﻤﺖ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺩﻡ ﻧﻔﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﰲ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻫﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٥‬ﻻ ﻳﺜﺒـﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﻔـﺎﺱ ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﺿﻌـﺖ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺒﲔ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺇﻧﺴـﺎﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓـﺈﻥ ﻭﺿﻌﺖ ﺳـﻘ ﹰﻄﺎ ‪-‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﳉﻨﲔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻧـﺰﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺣﻢ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﲤﺎﻡ ﺧﻠﻘﻪ‪ -‬ﱂ ﻳﺘﺒﲔ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺇﻧﺴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻪ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﺣﻮﺍﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ -‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻳﻮ ﹰﻣﺎ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺩﻡ ﻓﺴﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﻐﺘﺴﻞ ﻭﺗﺼﲇ ﻭﺗﺼﻮﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺛﲈﻧﲔ ﻳﻮ ﹰﻣﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺩﻡ ﻧﻔﺎﺱ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ‪ -‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﲈﻧﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﹶ ﱠ‬
‫ﻮﻣﻲ‬ ‫ـﺮ ﹶﻓﺎ ﹾﻓﻌ ﹺﲇ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻ ﹺ‬
‫ﲔ ﹶﻣ ﹶﻊ ﺍ ﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ ﹾﺠ ﹺ ﹶ ﹶ ﹸ‬ ‫ـﻠ ﹶ‬‫ﹶﲔ ﹶﻓﺎ ﹾﻓﻌ ﹺﲇ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹶﺗ ﹾﻐﺘ ﹺﹶﺴ ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼ ﹶﻼﺗ ﹾ ﹺ ﹶ ﹶ‬ ‫ـﲔ ﱠ‬ ‫ﹶﺑ ﹾ ﹶ‬
‫ﹺ‬
‫‪-‬ﺇﻥ ﹶﻗﺪﹶ ﹾﺭﺕ ﹶﻋ ﹶﲆ ﹶﺫﻟ ﹶﻚ‪) «-‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﹺ‬ ‫ﹾ‬
‫ﺝ‪-‬ﺃﻥ ﺗﻐﺘﺴـﻞ ﻟـﻜﻞ ﺻـﻼﺓ؛ ﳌـﺎ ﺛﺒـﺖ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﹸﺃ ﱠﻡ ﹶﺣﺒﹺﻴ ﹶﺒـ ﹶﺔ ‪-‬ﺭﴈ‬
‫ـﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﷺ‬ ‫ﲔ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﺴ ﹶـﺄ ﹶﻟ ﹾﺖ ﹶﺭ ﹸﺳ ﹶ‬ ‫ﻴﻀ ﹾﺖ ﹶﺳـ ﹾﺒ ﹶﻊ ﹺﺳـﻨﹺ ﹶ‬ ‫ﹸﺤ ﹶ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ -‬ﺍﺳـﺘ ﹺ‬
‫ﹾ‬
‫ﹶـﺖ ﹶﺗ ﹾﻐﺘ ﹺﹶﺴ ﹸـﻞ ﻟﹺـﻜ ﱢﹸﻞ ﺻ ﹶﻼﺓﹴ‬ ‫ﹺ‬
‫ـﻚ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﺄ ﹶﻣ ﹶﺮ ﹶﻫـﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺗ ﹾﻐﺘﹶﺴ ﹶـﻞ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓﻜﹶﺎﻧ ﹾ‬ ‫ﹶﻋـ ﹾﻦ ﹶﺫﻟﹺ ﹶ‬
‫ﹶ‬
‫)ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٤‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻧﺰﻓـﺖ ﺍﳌـﺮﺃﺓ ﻟﺴـﺒﺐ ﻣـﺎ ‪-‬ﻛﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺣـﻢ‪ ،-‬ﻭﺧﺮﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﳖﺎ ﻻ ﲣﻠﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﲔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ -‬ﺃﻥ ﹸﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﳖﺎ ﻟﻦ ﲢﻴﺾ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﺬﻩ ﻻ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﳍﺎ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻻﺳـﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﲤﺘﻨﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‬
‫ﰲ ﺃﻱ ﻭﻗﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﺩﻡ ﻋﻠﺔ ﻭﻓﺴﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺘﻮﺿﺄ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺻﻼﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺃﻥ ﹸﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﳖﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﲢﻴﺾ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﺬﻩ ﳍﺎ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٥‬ﳚﻮﺯ ﲨﺎﻉ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﴩﻉ ﱂ ﻳﻤﻨﻌﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﻘﻪ اﻟﻌﺒﺎدات اﻟﻤﺼﻮر‬ ‫‪٦٨‬‬

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‫اﻟﺤﻴﺾ واﻻﺳﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ واﻟﻨﻔﺎس‬

‫ﺍﻟﺼ ﹶﻼ ﹺﺓ« )ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﹺ‬ ‫ﹺ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺼ ﹾﻮ ﹺﻡ‪ ،‬ﹶﻭ ﹶﻻ ﻧ ﹾﹸﺆ ﹶﻣ ﹸﺮ ﺑﹺ ﹶﻘ ﹶﻀﺎﺀ ﱠ‬
‫ﺑﹺ ﹶﻘ ﹶﻀﺎﺀ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻣﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳋﻠﻖ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺩﻡ ﻧﻔﺎﺱ‪،‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﺇﹺﻥ ﺃﺩﺭﻛـﺖ ﺍﳊﺎﺋﺾ ﻣـﻦ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻻ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺩﻡ ﻓﺴﺎﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺟﺒـﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺳـﻮﺍﺀ ﺃﺩﺭﻛﺖ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣـﻦ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺃﻡ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﻳﺤﺮم ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻴﺾ واﻟﻨﻔﺎس‬
‫ﺁﺧـﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺩﺭﻛﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺟﺰ ﹰﺀﺍ ﻻ ﻳﺘﺴـﻊ ﻟﺮﻛﻌﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬
‫‪ .١‬اﻟﺠﻤﺎع‬
‫ﻓـﻼ ﲡﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ؛ ﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺒـﻲ ﷺ‪ » :‬ﹶﻣ ﹾﻦ ﹶﺃ ﹾﺩ ﹶﺭ ﹶﻙ ﹶﺭ ﹾﻛ ﹶﻌ ﹰﺔ‬
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‫ُۡ ُ َٗ‬ ‫ََۡ َُ َ َ َ ۡ‬

‫ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼ ﹶﻼﺓ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘﺪﹾ ﹶﺃ ﹾﺩ ﹶﺭ ﹶﻙ ﱠ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼ ﹶﻼﺓﹶ« )ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣ ﹶﻦ ﱠ‬
‫ﹺ‬ ‫يــض قل ه َو أذى‬ ‫ح ِۖ‬ ‫سلونــك ع ِن ٱل َم ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻘـﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ) :‬وي ٔ‬
‫َ َ َ ۡ َ ُ ُ َّ َ َّ ٰ َ ۡ ُ ۡ َ َ َ‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫َ َۡ ُ ْ ّ ٓ‬
‫‪ .٣‬اﻟﺼﻮم‬ ‫يض و تقربوهن حت يطهرنۖ فإِذا‬ ‫ح ِ‬ ‫تلوا ٱلن ِ َسا َء ِف ٱل َم ِ‬ ‫فٱع ِ‬
‫ٱل َّوٰب َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ث أ َم َرك ُم ٱ َّ ُ إن ٱ َّ َ ي ُّ‬ ‫ۡ َۡ ُ‬ ‫ُ ُ‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ي‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ِب َّ‬
‫ۚ ِ‬ ‫ت َط َّه ۡرن فأتوه َّن مِــن حي‬
‫ﻟﻘـﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﷺ‪ » :‬ﹶﺃ ﹶﻟ ﹾﻴ ﹶﺲ ﺇﹺ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﺣ ﹶ‬
‫ﺎﺿ ﹾﺖ ﹶﱂ ﹾ ﺗ ﹶﹸﺼ ﱢﻞ ﹶﻭ ﹶﱂ ﹾ ﺗ ﹸﹶﺼ ﹾﻢ؟ ﹸﻗ ﹾﻠ ﹶﻦ‪:‬‬
‫ب ٱل ۡ ُم َت َط ّهر َ‬ ‫َو ُيح ُّ‬
‫ين‪] ( ٢٢٢‬ﺍﻟﺒﻘـﺮﺓ‪ ،[٢٢٢ :‬ﻭﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﷺ ‪-‬ﺣﲔ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﹶﺑ ﹶﲆ« )ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﹴ‬
‫ﹶﺎﺡ« )ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﳾﺀ ﺇﹺ ﱠﻻ ﺍﻟﻨﱢﻜ ﹶ‬ ‫»ﺍﺻﻨﹶ ﹸﻌﻮﺍ ﻛ ﱠﹸﻞ ﹶ ﹾ‬
‫ﻧﺰﻟﺖ ﺍﻵﻳﺔ‪ :-‬ﹾ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺇﹺﺫﺍ ﻃﻬﺮﺕ ﺍﳊﺎﺋﺾ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ﻓﺼﺎﻣﺖ ﺻﺢ ﺻﻮﻣﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﹺﻥ ﱂ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫ﺗﻐﺘﺴﻞ ﺇﹺﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .١‬ﻣـﻦ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺯﻭﺟﺘﻪ ﻭﻫـﻲ ﺣﺎﺋﺾ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺁﺛﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﻠﺰﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ ‪-‬ﺃﻳﻀﺎ‪ -‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺮﺿﺎﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٤‬ﻣﺲ اﻟﻤﺼﺤﻒ‬
‫َّ ۡ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻔـﺎﺭﺓ‪ :‬ﻫـﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺪﻕ ﺑـﻮﺯﻥ ﺩﻳﻨـﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻧﺼـﻒ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪َ ) :‬ي َم ُّس ُه ٓۥ إ ِ ٱل ُم َط َّه ُرون ‪] ( ٧٩‬ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ‪،[٧٩ :‬‬ ‫ـﺬﻱ ﹶﻳ ﹾﺄ ﹺﰐ‬ ‫ﺎﺱ ‪ ‬ﹶﻋـﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱠﺒﹺﻲ ﷺ ﹺﰲ ﺍ ﱠﻟ ﹺ‬
‫ﹾ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻫـﺐ؛ ﳊﺪﻳـﺚ ﺍ ﹾﺑ ﹺ‬
‫ـﻦ ﹶﻋ ﱠﺒ ﹴ‬
‫ﹺ‬
‫ﻒ ﱠﺇﻻ ﹶﻃﺎﻫ ﹲ‬
‫ـﺮ« )ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﰲ‬ ‫ـﺲ ﺍ ﹾﹸﳌ ﹾﺼ ﹶﺤ ﹶ‬ ‫»ﻻ ﹶﻳ ﹶﻤ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻭﻗـﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﷺ‪ :‬ﹶ‬ ‫ﻒ ﹺﺩﻳﻨﹶﺎﺭ«‬ ‫ﹶـﺎﺭ ﹶﺃﻭ ﺑﹺﻨﹺﺼ ﹺ‬ ‫ﹺ‬ ‫ﹺ‬
‫ـﻲ ﹶﺣﺎﺋ ﹲﺾ ﹶﻗ ﹶﺎﻝ‪ » :‬ﹶﻳﺘ ﹶﹶﺼـﺪﱠ ﹸﻕ ﺑﹺﺪﻳﻨ ﹴ ﹾ ﹾ‬
‫ﹺ‬
‫ﺍ ﹾﻣ ﹶﺮ ﹶﺃﺗﹶـ ﹸﻪ ﹶﻭﻫ ﹶ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﻃﺄ(‪.‬‬ ‫)ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٥‬اﻟﻄﻮاف ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﺭ=‪٤٫٢٥‬ﺟﺮﺍﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺐ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻘـﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺒـﻲ ﷺ ﻟﻌﺎﺋﺸـﺔ ‪-‬ﺭﴈ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬـﺎ‪ -‬ﳌـﺎ ﺣﺎﺿـﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ .٢‬ﺇﻥ ﻃﻬﺮﺕ ﺍﳊﺎﺋﺾ ﻓﻼ ﳚﺎﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﻐﺘﺴﻞ؛ ﻟﻘﻮﻝ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ََ ََُۡ ُ‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﺣﺘﱠﻰ ﹶﺗ ﹾﻄ ﹸﻬ ﹺﺮﻱ«‬ ‫ﻮﰲ ﺑﹺﺎ ﹾﻟﺒﻴ ﹺ‬
‫ﺎﺝ‪ ،‬ﹶﻏ ﹾ ﹶﲑ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻻ ﹶﺗ ﹸﻄ ﹺ ﹶ ﹾ‬
‫ﹺ‬
‫»ﺍ ﹾﻓ ﹶﻌﲇ ﹶﻣـﺎ ﹶﻳ ﹾﻔ ﹶﻌ ﹸﻞ ﹾ ﹶ‬
‫ﺍﳊ ﱡ‬ ‫ت َي ۡط ُه ۡرنۖ ( ]ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‪ ،[٢٢٢ :‬ﺃﻱ‪:‬‬ ‫ــن َح َّ ٰ‬
‫وه َّ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ‪ ) :‬و تقرب‬
‫ﹺ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﱠﺎﺱ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻳﻜ ﹶ‬
‫ﹸﻮﻥ‬ ‫)ﻣﺘﻔـﻖ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ(‪ ،‬ﻭﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ » :‬ﹸﺃﻣ ﹶـﺮ ﺍﻟﻨ ﹸ‬ ‫ﻣـﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﻗـﺎﻝ ‪ ) :‬فإِذا ت َط َّه ۡرن ( ]ﺍﻟﺒﻘـﺮﺓ‪ ،[٢٢٢ :‬ﺃﻱ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳊ ﹺﺎﺋ ﹺ‬ ‫ﹺ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﻑ‪ ،‬ﺇﹺ ﱠﻻ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻧ ﹸﻪ ﹸﺧ ﱢﻔ ﹶ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ ﹶﻋﻬ ﹺﺪ ﹺﻫﻢ ﺑﹺﺎ ﹾﻟﺒﻴ ﹺ‬ ‫ﹺ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ ۡ ُ ُ َّ ۡ َ ۡ ُ َ َ َ ُ ُ َّ‬
‫ﺾ«‬ ‫ﻒ ﹶﻋ ﹾﻦ ﺍ ﹾﹶﳌ ﹾﺮ ﹶﺃﺓ ﹾ ﹶ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺖ‬ ‫ﹶ ﹾ ﹾ ﹶﹾ‬ ‫ﺍﻏﺘﺴـﻠﻦ ﺛﻢ ﻗـﺎﻝ ‪ ) :‬فأتوهن مِن حيث أمركم ٱ ۚ (‬
‫)ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ(‪.‬‬ ‫]ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‪ ،[٢٢٢ :‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﲈﻉ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٦‬اﻟﻤﻜﺚ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺠﺪ إﻻ ﻋﺎﺑﺮ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ‬ ‫‪ .٢‬اﻟﺼﻼة‬
‫َ َ‬
‫ٱلصلَ ٰوةَ‬ ‫يأ ُّي َها َّٱل َ‬
‫ِيــن َء َام ُنوا ْ َ َت ۡق َر ُبــوا ْ َّ‬ ‫ﻟﻘـﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ٰٓ ) :‬‬ ‫ﹺ‬
‫ـﻼﺓﹶ‪ ،‬ﹶﻭﺇﹺ ﹶﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼ ﹶ‬ ‫ﻟﻘـﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺒـﻲ ﷺ‪» :‬ﺇﹺ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻗ ﹶﺒ ﹶﻠ ﹾﺖ ﹾ ﹶ‬
‫ﺍﳊ ﹾﻴ ﹶﻀـ ﹸﺔ ﹶﻓﺪﹶ ﻋﻲ ﱠ‬
‫َّ‬ ‫َُ ُ َ َ‬ ‫َ َ ُ ۡ ُ َ ٰ َ ٰ َ َّ َ َ ْ‬
‫ت ت ۡعل ُموا َمــا تقولون َو ُج ُن ًبا إ ِ َعب ِ ِري‬ ‫وأنتم ســكرى ح ٰ‬ ‫ﹶﺃ ﹾﺩ ﹶﺑ ﹶﺮ ﹾﺕ ﹶﻓﺎ ﹾﻏ ﹺﺴ ﹺﲇ ﹶﻋﻨ ﹺﹾﻚ ﺍﻟﺪﱠ ﹶﻡ ﹶﻭ ﹶﺻ ﱢﲇ« )ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ(‪.‬‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ َّ َ ۡ َ ُ‬
‫ت تغتسِل ۚوا ( ]ﺍﻟﻨﺴـﺎﺀ‪ ،[٤٣ :‬ﻭﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﷺ‪ » :‬ﹶﻓﺈﹺ ﱢﲏ ﹶﻻ‬ ‫َسبِيل ح ٰ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫ٍ‬
‫ﺾ‪ ،‬ﹶﻭ ﹶﻻ ﹸﺟﻨ ﹴ‬
‫ﹸﺐ« )ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ( ‪.‬‬ ‫ﳊ ﹺﺎﺋ ﹴ‬
‫ﹶ‬
‫ﹸﺃ ﹺﺣ ﱡﻞ ﺍ ﹾﹶﳌﺴ ﹺﺠﺪﹶ ﹺ‬
‫ﹾ‬ ‫‪ .١‬ﻟﻴـﺲ ﻋـﲆ ﺍﳌـﺮﺃﺓ ﺇﻋـﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺼـﻼﺓ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻃﻬـﺮﺕ؛ ﳌـﺎ ﺛﺒﺖ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﻋﺎﺋﺸـﺔ‪-‬ﺭﴈ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬـﺎ‪ -‬ﳌـﺎ ﺳـﺌﻠﺖ ﻋـﻦ ﻗﻀـﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﺎﺋﺾ‬
‫ﹶﺎﻥ ﹸﻳ ﹺﺼﻴ ﹸﺒﻨﹶـﺎ ﹶﺫﻟﹺ ﹶ‬
‫ـﻚ ﹶﻓﻨ ﹾﹸﺆ ﹶﻣ ﹸـﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼـﻮﻡ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺼـﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﹶﻗﺎ ﹶﻟ ﹾ‬
‫ـﺖ‪» :‬ﻛ ﹶ‬

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‫ﻛﺘـــــــــــﺎب اﻟﻄﻬﺎرة‬

‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َّ‬
‫َ‬
‫يل ( ]ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪.[٤٣ :‬‬
‫‪ .١‬ﻻ ﺣﺮﺝ ﰲ ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﺍﳊﺎﺋﺾ ﺇﺫﺍ ﲢﻔﻈﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﲣﺶ ﺗﻠﻮﻳﺚ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ؛ ﻟﻌﻤﻮﻡ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ) :‬إ ِ عب ِ ِري سب ِ ٍ‬
‫»ﻭ ﹶﻳ ﹾﻌﺘ ﹺﹶﺰ ﹸﻝ ﹾ ﹸ‬
‫ﺍﳊ ﱠﻴ ﹸﺾ ﺍ ﹾﹸﳌ ﹶﺼ ﱠﲆ« )ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺐ ﳍﻦ ﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﰲ‬ ‫‪ .٢‬ﳛﺮﻡ ﻋﲆ ﺍﳊﺎﺋﺾ ﺃﻥ ﲤﻜﺚ ﰲ ﻣﺼﲆ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪ؛ ﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﷺ‪ :‬ﹶ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺼﲆ ﻭﺷﻬﻮﺩ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﳋﲑ ﻭﺩﻋﻮﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪.‬‬
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‫‪ .٧‬اﻟﻄﻼق‬
‫َ ٰٓ َ ُّ َ َّ ُّ َ َ َّ ۡ ُ ُ ّ َ ٓ َ َ َ ّ ُ ُ‬
‫وه َّن ل ِ ِع َّدت ِ َّ‬
‫هن ( ]ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪[١ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳛﺮﻡ ﻋﲆ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﻃﻼﻕ ﺯﻭﺟﺘﻪ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺣﺎﺋﺾ؛ ﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ) :‬يأيها ٱل ِب إِذا طلقتم ٱلنِساء فطل ِق‬
‫ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻳﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺔ ﺣﲔ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻃﻼﻕ ﺍﳊﺎﺋﺾ ﻳﻘﻊ ﺭﻏﻢ ﲢﺮﻳﻤﻪ ﻭﺑﺪﻋﻴﺘﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﻘﻪ اﻟﻌﺒﺎدات اﻟﻤﺼﻮر‬ ‫‪٧٠‬‬