Decentralization is the process by which authority,responsibility, power, resources

and accountability are transferred from the central levels of government to sub-national levels
(UNDP, 1997).

There are two forms of decentralization which are devolution and deconcentration.
Under deconcentration, there are two types of it which are prefectoral and functional.

Devolution is where the authority to make certain decisions in some spheres of public
policy is delegated by law to sub national territorial assemblies for example Local
authorities). Deconcentration is the delegation of authority to make administrative decisions
on behalf of the Central administration to public servants working in the field responsible for
government policies within their territories for example district office and health department.
The process by which the agents of central government control are relocated and
geographically dispersed.

The two types of deconcentration which is prefectoral and functional. Prefectoral

refers to the district officer. The District Officer function as a provider of various types of
services to the people as requested by the State governments. For example the District Officer
provides land, social and community development services to the people. District Officer is a
provider of various types of services to the people as requested by the State governments.

Functional refers to the state and federal government agencies that provide a very
specific service to the people. For example, the Registration department, Public Works
Department, Health department. The Registration department provided services of registering
birth, death and also marriage for non-muslims while the health department provide services
for health check up, provide medicine for patients, medical treatment and other forms of
health related services.

Decentralization had demand for local public services varies from place to place. It is
more efficience and Reduce burden of central government where central government can
focus on big issues.It elevates enthusiasm among lower level officials and local people.