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E) 1 9 8 6 Stephen L. Loy
E) 1 9 8 6 Stephen L. Loy
Loy
AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF A GRAPHICAL
SUPPORT SYSTEMS
by
A DISSERTATION
IN
BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
Approved
May, 1986
AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF A GRAPHICAL
SUPPORT SYSTEMS
by
A DISSERTATION
IN
BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
Approved
"A
ijL uI /Jt .,L >VA,i>
Accepted
May, 1986
mi
C^€p* r^^ ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
me.
ii
Finally, my most special appreciation goes to my wife,
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii
LIST OF TABLES vii
LIST OF FIGURES viii
CHAPTER
Introduction 19
Group Decision Making 19
Computer-generated Graphics. . 23
Computer-based Group Decision
Support Systems 26
Perceptronics Group Decision Aid 26
Executive Mind Support 28
Cooperative Group Decision Support
System < CGDSS) 30
Group Decision-making Techniques 31
Interacting Groups. . 32
Classical Brainstorming 34
Battelle-Buildmappen-Brainwriting 36
Brainwriting Pool 37
Pin-Card 38
Gallery Method 40
Nominal Group Technique 41
Kepner-Tregoe Method 44
Problem Reduction Strategies 46
Model Building Approaches 48
Simulation 48
Structural Modeling 49
Cognitive Happing 51
Influence Diagrams 56
Maps of Causality 57
Strategic Data Base Group Design 57
Predecision Support System 59
Graphical Interactive Structural
Modeling Option < GISMO) 61
Summary 63
iv
III. THE RESEARCH MODEL 65
Introduction 65
Model Presentation 68
Decision Support System 68
Individual Information Processor 71
Small Group Problem Solving. . 73
Organizational Information Processor 73
Computer Information Processor 77
Decision Tasks 79
Research Model To Be Tested 88
Problem Complexity 89
Capabilities and Experiences 91
Environment 91
Problem-structuring Processes. 92
Objectives of the Study 92
Research Questions Studied 96
Research Hypotheses 105
Summary 107
IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE METHODOLOGY 108
Introduction 108
The Research Design Ill
Experimental Design 112
Research Strategy 114
Research Variables. 123
Research Controls 125
Experimental Controls 126
Information System Characteristics 130
Data Analysis 132
Decision Performance 132
Group Problem Understanding 135
Limitations of the Study 136
Summary 140
Introduction 161
Practical Implications and Contributions 162
Theoretical Implications and
Contributions 165
Informal Observations 168
Suggestions for Future Research 170
Summary , 173
BIBLIOGRAPHY 174
APPENDICES
vi
LIST OF TABLES
Recommendations 61
vii
LIST OF FIGURES
Processing. 71
3. 4.
Components of Computer-based DSS 78
3. 5.
Information Formation 80
3. 6.
Decision Production System Model 82
3 . 7.
Factors Affecting Problem Formulation 86
3. a.
The Research Model Tested 90
4. 1.
Detailed Model of the Research Variables Ill
4. 2.
The Research Design 113
4. 3.
Hardware/Software Configuration of
Problem Structuring System 131
5.1. Average Net Income for the Four Treatment
Combinations and Factor Levels at the End
Development of Decision-making
Technology
characteristics as follows.
1982].
and only a vague idea of what the solution might be and how
al. , 1976]. The group may start out making random trials
1983; Bui and Jarke, 1984; Wedley and Field, 1984]. The
I I I I I
PERSONAL CRT I I PUBLIC DISPLAY SCREEN I IHARDCOPYI
I I I I I
I I I I
I KEYBOARD I I TOUCH-SCREEN I MOUSE
I I i I
functions it performs:
Problem Statement
to serve are more complex than those of the DSS. The GDSS
Kull, 1982; Wagner, 1983; Bui and Jarke, 1984; Wedley and
controlled studies.
environment.
study possible.
some parts which are structurable and some which are not.
component.
which are based upon the- tool a group used to aid its
and the other set did not (NONGISMO). The second factor is
16
PROCEDURE
NGT IG
GISMO
T
O
O
L
NONGISMO
standing.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Introduction
19
20
these techniques.
and only a vague idea of what the solution might be and how
al. . 1976]. The group may start out making random trials
Huber, 1982, 1984; Kull, 1982; Wagner, 1983; Bui and Jarke,
GDSS.
Computer-generated Graphics
communication.
printed model.
1981; Huber, 1982, 1984; Kull, 1982; Wagner, 1983; Bui and
V The pu]
trposes of the Perceptronics Group Decision Aid
(1) information flow among the group members, (2) the num-
551].
p. 153]:
that:
p. 103].
have indicated that the system has CBui and Jarke, 1984, p.
110]:
controlled studies.
needs to be established.
how well the group carries out the task to which it was
Interacting Groups
al.. , 1975].
33
* Battelle-BuiIdmappen-Brainwriting
» Brainwriting Pool
* Classical Brainstorming
Force-Fit Game
* Gallery Method
Gordon/Little
Method 6-3-5
* Pin-Card
Semantic Intuition
Stimulus Analysis
Trigger Method
Visual Synectic
Wildest Idea
Classical Brainstorming
breeds quality.
the problem and that the best solution to the problem will
be uncovered.
2. Freewheeling is welcomed.
Battelle-BuiIdmappen-Brainwriting
Brainwriting Pool
method:
1975].
Pin-Card
115-116]:
Gallery Method
1981]:
Delphi method and the Nominal Group Technique (NGT) are the
are unique in their emphasis upon both the task and group
Gundy, 1981].
42
Van de Ven and Delbecq, 1974]. For these reasons NGT has
1975]:
p. 367].
1984].
Kepner-Tregoe Method
s o l u t i o n s to the problem.
Examining Changes
Focusing on Changes (Kepner and Tregoe, 1965)
activities.
Simulation
show the changes which would take place in the world system
over time.
Structural Modeling
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51
Cognitive Mapping
FIGURE A4-2.
Valency Matrix and Associated Row and Column Sums for the
Cognitive Map in Figure A4-1
Row
abs.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 sums
1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 1
3 0 0 0 1 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
4 0 0 0 0 I 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
3 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 2
6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 I
8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 1
9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 1
10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Column 0 0 0 2 2 1 0 1 3 1 1 1»
abs. sums
1
functional digraphs.
1976].
or cycles.
Influence Diagrams
Maps of Causality
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59
1. Is quality required?
2. Have you sufficient information?
3. Is the problem structured?
4. Is acceptance important?
5. Would your autocratic decision be accepted?
6. Are people outside your span of control
affected?
7. Does the situation warrant originality?
8. Is expertise within your span of control?
9. Do subordinates share organizational goals?
10. Are conflicts likely among your
subordinates?
tural models.
Summary
groups.
III.
CHAPTER III
Introduction
65
66
interactions.
ness.
This research study builds on the research performed
Model Presentation
of the boundaries.
EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT
DECISION SUPPORT I I
SYSTEMS I >l DECISION
l< I TASKS
(HUMAN< >COMPUTER)I
DECISION OUTPUT
MAN/MACHINE SYSTEM
domain.
I I I
I I I
I I I
USER < >LANGUAGE< >INTERFACE< >KNOWLEDGE
A I I I
I LS PPS T~ ~" KS
I I
I Receptors I Memory
I(eye, ear, i
I--->I nose) I- >| ~~iTM
I I Processor I > (brain)
Environment I I (brain) i
I I I ~~LTM
K - - -1 E f f e c t o r s I -__>l < (brain)
I(physical, i
I spoken, I
I written) I external
memory
(notes)
and T a g g e r t , 1 9 8 2 3.
72
spaces."
best solution.
be profit maximization.
75
primary objectives.
by three properties:
I
USER
which links the user, data base, model base, and knowledge
base.
The user may be either an individual or a group. The
Decision Tasks
I I HUMAN MIND
•> I DATA I INFORMATION PROBLEM l<---
I FORMATION
___
I DECISION I
I I
I I I I I
I NEW DATA l<- ACTION I •>INEW PROBLEMS I
I I I I
intuitive judgment.
E
N
V
I I I I I IflLTERNATIVEl
R IDETECTIONIINTERMV.! IKNOWLEDGE1 PROBLEM I PROBLEM I GENERATION I DECISION
0—)EXTERfWL—) I 9HD I ) IflSSIMILflTIONI ) I STRUCTURING I )l AND I )
N DATA ISELECTIONI DATA I I I ISTRUCTUREI CHOICE I
M I I I I
E
N ManagoKnt Control: Probla Triggering, Resource Coordinating and Goal Provision
T( —
stood.
PROBLEM
COMPLEXITY
I I
I CAPABILITIES I
I AND I
I EXPERIENCES I I I
I I ->i PROBLEM i
I STRUCTURE I
i I
i i
i ENVIRONMENT I
I I
I
I PROBLEM-
I STRUCTURING
I PROCESS
I
[Volkema, 1983 3.
decision-making groups.
group.
way that uses less time and less effort, (2) expediting
Problem Complexity
has some parts which are structurable and some which are
in Chapter IV.
90
1 INDIVIDUAL
1 COGNITIVE 1 >
1 STYLE 1 INDIVIDUAL
1 PROBLEM
>l PERCEPTION
1 & FORMULATION
1
1
V
1 GRAPHICAL 1 GROUP 1
1 PROBLEM 1 > 1 GROUP 1 1 PROBLEM 1
1 STRUCTURING 1 INTERACTION 1---->! FORMULATION!
1 TOOL 1 FORMAT 1 ! !
1
1
1
V
1 GROUP !
i PROBLEM 1 1 DECISION !
1 COMPLEXITY 1 > ! ENVIRONMENT !
1 1 !UNDERSTANDING!
! 1
1
1
V
1 1 GROUP GENERATION!
1 >| OF ALTERNATIVE !
1 1 SOLUTIONS !
1 1 1
1
1
V
1 i
1 3HGROUP DECISIONS!
1 1
1
!
V
! !
1 DECISION 1
1 PERFORMANCE !
! OUTCOMES 1
! !
Environment
Problem-structuring Processes
outcomes.
often reveal new and more effective solutions. " And that
memory.
group setting.
findings.
ments which are based upon the tool a group used to aid
study, and the other set (NONGISMO) did not. The second
problem understanding.
performance?
in Appendix B.
[Axelrod, 1976 3.
on this question.
102
g r o u p s made.
v a r i a t i o n s in individual scores.
et al. , 1975 3.
Research Hypotheses
NONGISMO-IG groups.
groups.
groups.
GISMO.
NONGISMO-IG groups.
groups.
groups.
Summary
Introduction
108
109
1. Research Design
a. the experimental design
b. the research strategy
2. Research Variables
3. Research Controls
4. Data Analysis
Ill
Modeling Tool
• GISMO
» NO GISMO
Group Decision-making Procedure
• Nominal Group Technique
• Interacting Group
V
RESPONSE VARIABLES
Decision Performance
• Net Income
Problem Understanding
• Post-experiment tests
• Post-experiment models
A
I
!
!
NUISANCE VARIABLES
Individual/Group Cognitive Style
Group Size, Beginning knowledge
Experimental Design
PROCEDURE factor also had two levels: (1) the NGT groups,
combinations.
GISMO and NONGISMO) of TOOL are equal, (2) that the means
PROCEDURE
NGT IG
GISMO
T
O
O
L
NONGISMO
factor levels. For this study, the two factors are said to
other factor.
Research Strategy
environment.
and the data used for analysis in this study are given in
problem solving.
the same same room, (2) met on the same days, (3) were
for subjects who missed meetings, did not use the computer
evident.
The groups were not told how many decision periods the
(Appendix L ) .
respective strategies.
to playing the BML game using the DSS and the structural
by the subjects.
Time Schedule
six, two groups were formed with only three members. There
fied after the first decision round of the game when it was
Experiment Schedule
Date Activity
four weeks during which time each group made six sets of
123
the experiment.
Research Variables
Independent Variables
treatment levels: (1) GISMO and NONGISMO, and (2) NGT and
Dependent Variables
member.
Research Controls
Experimental Controls
Cognitive Style
understanding.
the Pracht [1984 3 study found the GEFT scores were related
Goodenough, 1977 3.
Demographic Characteristics
and Experience
responses variables.
so they could access the SLIM data base. The subjects used
the VT-100 terminals in the VAX User Area for the SLIM
into SLIM when they logged on, and logged off the system
were given the option of SLIM or GISMO when they logged on.
I I
I USER/GROUP I
I !
T
!
!
I I I
I GRAPHICS TERMINAL! >IHARDCOPY PRINTER
I I I
!
I
!
1_
! ~ ~~ i
I MODEM !
! I
!
!
I
1
! "" I
I VAX-11/780 I
! i
T
!
!
J.
I " ' I
I GISMO !
! !
Data Analysis
Decision Performance
C(k) for group size, and D(l) for group GEFT average.
where:
Y(i,j,k,l) = is the observation vector for the de-
pendent variable, net income, for ex-
perimental unit (1) assigned to treat-
ment combination (i,j) of group size (k).
134
i = O, 1 (NONGISMO = O, GISMO = 1)
j » O, 1 (IG = O, NGT = 1)
subhypothesi
135
understanding is as follows:
where:
i = O, 1 (NONGISMO = O; GISMO = 1)
j = O, 1 (IG = O; NGT = 1)
1 = 1,..., 60
following issues:
1982, p. 103.
study.
commercial system.
many current GDSS are either not tested nor included in the
meetings.
Summary
and SLIM. The groups that used GISMO were given instruc-
tion in its use. The NGT groups learned about the proce-
period all groups made three trial decisions. The last two
Chapter VI.
CHAPTER V
RESEARCH RESULTS
Introduction
PROCEDURE factors.
142
143
procedure.
among the groups was age (Table 5.1). However, there was no
following sources:
Means N SD I di P>T
GEFT
Age
GISMO 21.9 35 0.97 0.23 58 0.82
NONGISMO 21.9 25 1.17
NGT 22.2 27 1.12 -2.10 58 0.04»
IG 21.7 33 0.92
levels of the TOOL factor are equal, (2) the test that the
between the TOOL factor and the PROCEDURE factor was found.
higher than the NONGISMO group mean, and the IG group mean
NGT IG
N = 24 N = 30 N = 54
GISMO Mean = -14975 Mean = -2524 Mean = -8058
N := 18 N= 24 N = 42
NONGISMO Mean = -43479 Mean = -36248 Mean -39347
N = 42 N = 54
Mean = -27191 Mean = -17512
Average
Net Income
($000)
— GIS/IG
30 — GIS/NGT
— NOG/IG
20
NOG/NGT
10
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
/
-60 /
-70 y \y
-80
I I ! I I
1 2 3 4 6
Decision Period
where:
Y(i,j,k,l) = is the observation vector for the
dependent variable, net income, for
experimental unit (1) assigned to
treatment combin-ation (i,j) of group
size (k).
i = O, 1 (NONGISMO = O, GISMO = 1)
J = O, 1 (IG = O, NGT = 1)
MANOCOVA model:
these tests.
GISMO.
HO: A = O
HI: A > O
HO: B = O
HI: B > O
NGT IG
I
GISMO I N = 16 ! N = 17 N = 33
I Mean = 29.16 ! Mean = 27. 15 Mean = 28. 12
I
NONGISMO I N = 11 N = 11 N = 25
! Mean = 43. 14 Mean = 22.04 Mean = 31.32
I
I
N = 27 N = 31
Mean = 34.85 Mean = 24.84
of the BML game. The mean knowledge scores for all treat-
5.4.
NGT IG
!
GISMO I N = 14 N = 17 N = 31
! Mean = 218.60 Mean = 221.71 Mean = 220.31
NONGISMO I N = 11 N = 11 N = 22
! Mean = 206.81 Mean = 205.83 Mean = 206.32
N = 25 N = 28
Mean = 213.41 Mean = 215.47
where:
i = O, 1 (NONGISMO = O; GISMO = 1)
j = O, 1 (IG = O; NGT = 1)
k = O, 1 (SIZE 4 = 0 ; SIZE 3 = 1 )
1 = 1,..., 60
Regression Coefficients
GISMO.
HO: A = O
HI: A > O
greater than 1.66 (!t! > 1.66). Since t = 1.75 > 1.66, the
be rejected.
HO: B = O
HI: B > O
Additional Findings
t h e NONGISMO g r o u p s s e e m e d t o h a v e a b e t t e r knowledge of
NGT IG
GISMO N = 16 N = 17 N = 33
Mean = 1 . 2 5 Mean = 0 . 6 5 Mean = 0.94
NONGISMO N = 11 N = 14 N = 25
Mean = - 0 . 5 5 Mean = - 0 . 7 1 Mean = - 0 . 64
N = 27 N = 31
Mean = 0 . 5 2 Mean = 0.03
difficulty.
Summary of Results
the BML game. And, the effects of the use of GISMO are
groups.
Introduction
161
162
detected.
to most organizations.
system. The use of GISMO for this purpose has not been
promising application.
Theoretical Implications
and Contributions
experiment.
factors.
dure by the groups which used it. A tendency for the NGT
Informal Observations
that they had too much to learn during the training period.
sented but each idea was given more attention. The GISMO
effects.
had to use GISMO outside the group and bring their models
Summary
Cohen, M.D., J.G. March, and J.P. Olsen. "A Garbage Can
Model of Organizational Choice." Administrative
Science Quarterly, vol. 17, 1972, pp. 1-25.
Delbecq, A.L. and A.H. Van de Ven. "A Group Process Model
for Problem Identification and Program Planning." The
Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, vol. 7, no. 4,
1971, pp. 466-492.
I. INTRODUCTION
185
186
SM Procedure Menu
4. Hit return.
ELEMENT ELEMENT
NUMBER NAME
1 COS
2 REVENUE
3 SALES
4 SREPS
5 PRICE
•
188
=> •
=> • •
=> • •
V. DIGRAPH UTILITIES
After defining the elements and relations, GISMO now will assist in the
construction of a digraph. Recall that in a digraph, the elements are
represented as nodes, the relations between elements as lines, and the
direction of the relations by the arrows.
The first step in digraph generation, the positioning of the elements, is
done automatically. When this step is completed, GISMO will assist the user
in constructing the lines representing relations between nodes. In this
process a "B" will be plotted at the "beginning" element and an "E" at the
"ending" element. The user constructs the line between these elements
(representing the relation) in the following sequence of steps:
1. Position the cursor at the desired position on the element marked with
the "B". The arrows on the 10-key pad located on the right hand side
of the keyboard are used for cursor positioning;
3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 until all relations are completed, The result of
these steps is shown in the following diagram.
190
PRICE
V'
SREPS
Once the digraph has been generated, the user may now edit and review an
existing digraph as many times as desired. Maiiy users prefer to define only a
three-element or four-element model with the interactive table described in
step III., then complete the model with the digraph editing utilities
described below. Please note that the element table is automatically changed
to reflect changes in the digraph but the reverse is not true. (i.e. if new
elements amd relations are added to the tables, then a new digraph must be
created.)
3. Add an element:
a. Position the cursor at the desired location;
b. Press "A";
c. Type in the element name; and
d. Indicate the relations for the element using
step 1.
U. Move an element:
a.. Position cursor on the element;
b. Press and "M";
c. Position the cursor to desired position;
d. Press "P"; and
e. Reposition all relations using
steps 1. and 2.
Note: It may be easier to reposition the element before constructing
the lines representing the relations or to delete the relation
first.
SALREP
0.8
SALES
A~
COMMSN 1.6
RAWMAT
FINGDS
ADVTSG
\' 1.6
k/R
/\ 0.5
FACTOR
192
193
SALREP
~]/ 0.8
SALES
COMMSN t 1.^
RAWMAT
FINGDS
ADVTSG
>!/ 1.6
A/R
FAriOR /^ 0.5
r rM* 1 «-"»
APPENDIX C
BUSINESS MANAGEMENT LABORATORY
PARTICIPANT INSTRUCTIONS
194
APPENDIX D
VAX A c c t . # Date:
BML/SLIM QUIZ
S e l e c t t h e b e s t answer t o each of t h e f o l l o w i n g q u e s t i o n s :
1. Consuaer deaand i n t h e s t a i n l e s s s t e e l f l a t w a r e i n d u s t r y is
soaewhat s e a s o n a l .
a) True
b) False
2. As a Manager for your fira^ the price which you set for your
product is:
3. If your firn has back orders which nust be filled in the current
quarter, what selling price is attached to these orders?
4. The sales voluae as reported in the BHL/SLIH data base for any
quarter refers to:
195
196
a) Halntenance
b) Engineering studies
c) Each of the above
8. Suppose you wanted to find out the net earnings for Fira 2 in the
3rd quarter of 1976 <4th quarter of the BHL gaae). How would you
request this inforaation froa the SLIH systea?
10. Write a set of coaaands which would tell SLIH to calculate the
"quick ratio* (accounts receivable divided by accounts payable
plus special loans) of the current quarter for your fira and print
the result on the screen.
11. Write a set of coaaands which would tell SLIH to coapute the unit
aanufacturlng cost of the current quarter for your fira and print
the result on the screen.
197
KNOWLEDGE TEST
Empty No relationship
? Not sure
I Immediate effect
TPC PC BO+SV
PRICE
ADV
PVFS
MAIN
PSE
APPENDIX E
1. Rate the degree of confidence you had in the accuracy of each of the
following decisions, prior to receiving the results of those decisions.
Marketing Decision
Product Price 2 3 4 5
Number of Sales 2 3 4 5
Representatives
Advertising 2 3 4 5
Commission 2 3 4 5
Quality Control 2 3 4 5
Production Levels 1 2 3 4 5
Maintenance Cost 1 2 3 4 5
Bonds 1 2 3 4 5
199
200
(example) ADV MS -h SV PV
EI SV SV ADV
PRAW MS SV BL
MS SV ADV BL
QC MS SREP SEXP
SV MS COM SEXP
ADV EI SEXP BL
SREP ADV PV BO
BO MS PV RMO
COM SV COGS BL
PV SV PRAW COGS
PC EI MAIN PC
PRIC BL PC PV
QC COGS PC COGS
SV BO RSB SV
202
3. In this question, you are to indicate factors and relationships among fac-
tors involved in your decisions (not factors in the BML game). Assume that
your firm is operating at maximum capacity, but has been losing sales due to
stockouts and has been having excessive backorders. One solution strategy
involves factors affecting marketing aspects (Part A ) ; a different solution
strategy involves production capacity expansion (Part B ) . For Part A assume
you have chosen a strategy involving marketing aspects, and list the market-
ing factors you consider important, along with the reasons for choosing
these factors.
Factors Reasons
2.
4.
5,
6.
7,
For Part B, assume you have chosen to expand your plant, and list the fac-
tors you consider important, along with the reason for choosing these
factors.
Factors Reasons
1.
2.
3.
4.
203
Please circle the number which is most indicative of your opinion con-
cerning BML/SLIM and GISMO.
Strongly Strongly
Disagree Agree
9. Are there changes or additions to SLIM which you think would be desirable?
Please be specific and constructive.
10. Are there changes and additions to GISMO which you think would be
desirable?
204
11. Assume that structured decisions are those for which we can
specify algorithms or unambiguous rules for solution and
unstructured decisions are those that contain a high degree
of uncertainty and may be novel or unique, and that semi-
structured decisions are somewhat in between. With these
definitions in mind, rate whether you think the BML game
is structured (S), unstructured (U), or semi-structured (SS).
205
12. Directions:
Read the instructions carefully and read through the examples provided
below. You are to describe, to the best of your knowledge, the relation-
ship between all of the BML variable pairs listed. Restrict your answers
to how these variable pairs are related in the BML game only and not to how
you believe they are related in the real business world.
Legend:
Direction of e f f e c t : -->
0 no effect
Example:
Sales BL I
Using your knowledge and perceptions of the BML game, complete the
following list as best as you can. Remember that the BML game is a computer-
simulated business environment in which the variables and relationships may not
replicate the real world exactly. So, restrict your responses to describing the
variable relationships in the BML game.
PRIC TPC
PRIC BO
PRIC BO+SV
ADV BO+SV
PVFS TPC
PVFS PC
PVFS BO+SV
MAIN TPC
MAIN PC
RSB TPC
RSB PC
207
Name: Group #
BML/SLIH QUIZ
a) True
b) False
2. As a aanager for your fira, the price vhich you set for your pro-
duct is:
3. If your fira has back orders which aust be filled in the current
quarter, what selling price is attached to these orders?
a) Maintenance
b) Engineering studies
c) Each of the above
8. Suppose you wanted to find out the net earnings for Fira 2 in the
3rd quarter of 1976 (4th quarter of the BHL gaae). How would you
request this inforaation froa the SLIH systea?
10. Write a set of coaaands which would tell SLIH to calculate the
*quick ratio" (accounts receivable divided by accounts payable
plus special loans) of the current quarter for your fira and print
the result on the screen.
11. Write a set of coaaands which would tell SLIH to coapute the unit
aanufacturlng cost of the current quarter for your fira and print
the result on the screen.
APPENDIX F
SUBJECT AGREEMENT TO
CONFIDENTIALITY
Signature
Date
209
APPENDIX G
BACKGROUND QUESTIONNAIRE
Najne:
Phone:
Age:
Sex:
Current Year of Study: Sophomore
Junior
Senior
Highest Degree Obtained to Date:
High School Diploma
B.B.A., B.S., or B.A.
M.B.A., M.S., or M.A.
Other (Specify)
Degree:
Major Field ^
210
211
Yes No
If yes, how many years of full-time, year-around
management experience do you have?
Years
B. Have you been employed in a non-management position
on a full-time year-around basis? (Check One)
Yes No
If yes, how many years of experience do you have
in this type of employment?
Years
C. Have you been employed as a manager on a part-time
basis (including summer employment)? (Check One)
Yes No
If yes, how many months of part-time management
experience do you have?
Months
Yes No
If yes, how many months of experience do you
have in this type of employment?
Months
212
No Moderate Extensive
Experience Experience Experience
B. How much experience do you have in SCHEDULING
WORK?
Work Experience:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
No Moderate Extensive
Experience Experience Experience
C. How much experience do you have in SETTING PER-
FORMANCE GOALS FOR SUBORDINATES?
Work Experience:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
No Moderate Extensive
Experience Experience Experience
D. How much experience do you have in DIRECTING OR
SUPERVISING SUBORDINATES?
Work Experience:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
No Moderate Extensive
Experience Experience Experience
213
No Moderate Extensive
Experience Experience Experience
F. How much experience do you have INTEGRATING THE
PLANS OF SEVERAL DEPARTMENTS?
Work Experience:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
No Moderate Extensive
Experience Experience Experience
G. How much experience do you have FORECASTING FUTURE
DEPARTMENTAL NEEDS (Personnel, Finance, etc.)?
Work Experience:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
No Moderate Extensive
Experience Experience Experience
H. How much experience do you have EVALUATING
EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AND RECOMMENDING PERSONNEL
ACTIONS (Hires, Promotions, Transfers, Demotions,
and terminations)?
Work Experience:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
No Moderate Extensive
Experience Experience Experience
214
No Moderate Extensive
Experience Experience Experience
J. How much experience do you have ASSIGNING SUB-
ORDINATES TO SPECIFIC TASKS?
Work Experience:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
No Moderate Extensive
Experience Experience Experience
No Moderate Extensive
Experience Experience Experience
Academic Experience:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
No Moderate Extensive
Experience Experience Experience
C. How much experience do you have WORKING WITH HARD-
COPY (PAPER) COMPUTER TERMINALS?
Work Experience:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
No Moderate Extensive
Experience Experience Experience
Academic Experience:
I 2 3 4 5 6 7
No Moderate Extensive
Experience Experience Experience
D. How much experience do you have WORKING WITH VIDEO
DISPLAY COMPUTER TERMINALS?
Work Experience:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
No Moderate Extensive
Experience Experience Experience
Academic Experience:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
No Moderate Extensive
Experience Experience Experience
216
No Moderate Extensive
Experience Experience Experience
Academic Experience:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
No Moderate Extensive
Experience Experience Experience
F. How much experience do you have USING "CANNED"
COMPUTER PACKAGES SUCH AS SPSS, BMDP,MINITAB?
Work Experience:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
No Moderate Extensive
Experience Experience Experience
Academic Experience:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
No Moderate Extensive
Experience Experience Experience
G. How much experience do you have OPERATING COMPUTER
SYSTEMS OR PROGRAMS?
Work Experience:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
No Moderate Extensive
Academic Experience:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
No Moderate Extensive
217
Work Experience:
No Moderate Extensive
Experience Experience Experience
Academic Experience:
No Moderate Extensive
Experience Experience Experience
APPENDIX H
218
219
volume 1000 units, then reruns the command file and logs
off. Under these assumptions over $761,000 in cash in
'generated.
This simple example clearly illustrates how the user
can employ the query language to interactively extract data
(in this case, prices, sales volumes, backorders, accounts
receivable and cash) and play simple modeling games to
estimate cash available next quarter. An indirect
addressing option and WHEN command can be used to create
more powerful models.
SLIM must be used to enter the BML game decisions
for the upcoming quarter of play. These decisions are
entered by first typing in, for example:
DEC ADV;
SLIM will then print the current value for this decision
variable, along with the decision period.
The decision you wish to enter is then entered by
typing in, for example:
SET ADV = 55000;
This sets the value of ADV to 55000. It may be changed
by repeating the above process any time before the
decisions are processed.
221
The command:
DEC;
will list the current values for all BML decisions
sample of this decision matrix is shown below.
FIGURE 1
*****************************
* *
* W E L C O M E TO *
* *
* SLIM *
* *
* THE SYSTEM LABORATORY FOR *
* INFORMATION MANAGEMENT *
*****************************
FIGURE 2
Sample SLIM Batch File
. BATCH;
X IS PRICE CHANGE AND Z IS SALES VOL CHANGE
X IS SALES REVENUE
PRICE Y SV Z X
F2,Q8
42.50 0.000 9070.00 0.000 385475.00
11.00 0.000 6833.00 0.000 75163.00
44.00 0.000 5547.00 0.000 344068.00
12.00 0.000 2254.00 0.000 27048.00
R IS CASH FROM SALES, SUM IS TOTAL CASH AVAILABLE
R = 439052.40
AR(F2,Q8) = 291151.64
CASH(F2,Q8) = 46931.90
SUM = 777135.95
LET Y(l)=2.0
LET Z(l)= -1000; REWIND; BATCH;
224
PRICE Y_ SV Z X
F2,Q8 F2,Q8
42.50 2.000 9070.00 -1.000 359115,.00
11.00 0.000 6833.00 0.000 75163,.00
44.00 0.000 5547.00 0.000 244068..00
12.00 0.000 2254.00 0.000 27048..00
R IS CASH FROM SALES, SUM IS TOTAL CASH AVAILABLE
R = 423236.40
AR(F2,Q8) - 291151.64
CASH(F2,Q8) = 46931.90
SUM = 781319.95
END;
225
Figure 4
DECISION DESCRIPTION
ADV YOUR FIRM'S ADVERTISING BUDGET FOR THE
UPCOMING QUARTER.
COM SALES REPRESENTATIVES PER PRODUCT COMMIS-
SION RATE.
CSS% CHANGE IN THE PERCENTAGE OF SECOND SHIFT
CAPACITY.
DIVD COMMON STOCK DIVIDEND DECLARED FOR THE
UPCOMING QUARTER.
Figure 5
SLIM Data D i c t i o n a r y
DATA'ITEM '
Environmental
The following are descriptions of the tasks for your group. Each
BML decision round requires your group to conduct two sessions: the
problem-structuring session and the decision-making session.
A. Problem-structuring Session
B. Decsion-making Session
229
230
The following are descriptions of the tasks for your group. Each
BML decision round requires your group to conduct two sessions: the
problem-structuring session and the decision-making session.
A. Problem-structuring Session
B. Decision-making Session
1. Members present and discuss t h e i r suggested s o l u t i o n s .
The following are descriptions of the tasks for your group. Each
BML decision round requires your group to conduct two sessions: the
problem-structuring session and the decision-making session.
A. Problem-structuring Session
3. Silent modification of l i s t s .
4. Confidential ranking of l i s t s with highest-ranked l i s t chosen
t o have ordered pairs assigned signs and weights.
B. Decision-making Session
3. Individual modification of s o l u t i o n s .
233
The following are descriptions of the tasks for your group. Each
BML decision round requires your group to conduct two sessions: the
problem-structuring session and the decision-making session.
A. Problem-structuring Session
B. Decision-making Session
Factor Pattern
Factor 1 Factor 2
Part 12 0.9312 0.0141
Part 2 0. 8916 -0.1290
Quiz 0.8279 -0.3061
Part 3 O. 7827 0.3299
Models 0.5618 0.1728
Factor 1 = 3.28
Factor 2 = 0.25
Reliability Coefficients
235
APPENDIX K
Regression Coefficients
Analysis of Variance
•*• o n e - t a i l p r o b a b i l i t i e s
• s i g n i f i c a n t a t a = 0.05
«• s i g n i f i c a n t a t a 0.10
236
237
Dependent v a r i a b l e Y2:
Regression Coefficients
Analysis of Variance
A n a l y s i s of V a r i a n c e Detail
SOURCE DF Type I F P > F Type III F P > F*
SS SS
• one-tail probabilities
• significant at a = 0.05
•• significant at a = 0.10
238
Regression Coefficients
Analysis of Variance
• one-tail probabilities
• significant at a = 0.05
•• significant at a = 0.10
239
Regression Coefficients
Analysis of Variance
A n a l y s i s of V a r i a n c e Detail
SOURCE DF Type I F P >F Type III F P > F*
SS SS
• one-tail probabilities
• significant at a = 0.05
•• significant at a = .10
240
Regression Coefficients
Analysis of Variance
• one-tail probabilities
• significant at a = 0.05
•• significant at a 0.10
241
Dependent variable Y 6 :
Regression Coefficients
Analysis of Variance
• one-tail probabilities
• significant at a = 0.05
•« significant at a = .10
APPENDIX L
BML DECISION SETS FOR GAME ADMINISTRATOR
AND EXPERIMENTAL UNITS
242
243
-1
48 0 9 0 0 0 0 1 1 821
5000 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 822
0 0 0 1000 0 0 0 1 1 823
6000 0 1500 0 0 0 0 1 1 824
0 0 500 0 0 0 0 1 1 825
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 826
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 827
48 0 10 0 0 0 0 2 1 821
5000 0 0 0 0 0 0
A 2 1 822
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 823
6000 0 1500 0 0 0 0 2 1 824
0 0 500 0 0 0 0 2 1 825
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 826
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 827
48 0 10 0 0 0 0 3 1 621
5000 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 822
0 0 0 1000 0 0 0 3 1 823
6000 0 1500 0 0 0 0 3 1 624
0 0 500 0 0 0 0 3 1 825
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 826
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 827
48 0 10 0 0 0 0 4 1 821
5000 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 822
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 823
6000 0 1500 0 0 0 0 4 1 824
0 0 500 0 0 0 0 4 1 825
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 626
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 827
-1
48 0 9 0 0 0 0 1 2 821
5000 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 822
0 0 0 1000 0 0 0 1 2 823
6000 0 1500 0 0 0 0 1 2 824
0 0 500 0 0 0 0 1 2 825
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 826
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 827
48 0 10 0 0 0 0 2 2 821
5000 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 822
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 823
6000 0 1500 0 0 0 0 2 2 624
0 0 500 0 0 0 0 2 2 825
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 826
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 827
48 0 10 0 0 0 0 3 2 821
5000 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 822
0 0 0 1000 0 0 0 3 2 823
6000 0 1500 0 0 0 0 3 2 624
0 0 500 0 0 0 0 3 2 825
245
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 826
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 827
48 0 10 0 0 0 0 4 2 821
5000 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 822
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 823
6000 0 1500 0 0 0 0 4 2 824
0 0 500 0 0 0 0 4 2 825
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 826
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 827
-1
48 0 9 0 0 0 0 1 3 821
5000 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 822
0 0 0 1000 0 0 0 1 3 823
6000 0 1500 0 0 0 0 1 3 824
0 0 500 0 0 0 0 1 3 825
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 826
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 827
48 0 10 0 0 0 0 2 3 821
5000 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 822
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 823
6000 0 1500 0 0 0 0 2 3 624
0 0 500 0 0 0 0 2 3 825
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 826
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 827
48 0 10 0 0 0 0 3 3 821
5000 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 822
0 0 0 1000 0 0 0 3 3 623
6000 0 1500 0 0 0 0 3 3 824
0 0 500 0 0 0 0 3 3 825
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 826
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 827
48 0 10 0 0 0 0 4 3 821
5000 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 822
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 823
6000 0 1500 0 0 0 0 4 3 824
0 0 500 0 0 0 0 4 3 825
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 626
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 827
-1
48 0 9 0 0 0 0 1 4 821
5000 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 822
0 0 0 1000 0 0 0 1 4 823
6000 0 1500 0 0 0 0 1 4 824
0 0 500 0 0 0 0 1 4 825
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 826
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 827
48 0 10 0 0 0 0 2 4 821
5000 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 4 622
246
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 4 823
6000 0 1500 0 0 0 0 2 4 824
0 0 500 0 0 0 0 2 4 825
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 4 826
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 4 827
48 0 10 0 0 0 0 3 4 821
5000 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 4 822
0 0 0 1000 0 0 0 3 4 623
6000 0 1500 0 0 0 0 3 4 824
0 0 500 0 0 0 0 3 4 825
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 4 826
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 4 827
48 0 10 0 0 0 0 4 4 821
5000 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 822
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 823
6000 0 1500 0 0 0 0 4 4 824
0 0 500 0 0 0 0 4 4 825
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 826
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 827
-1
45 0 9 0 0 0 0 1 1 831
5000 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 832
0 0 0 1000 0 0 0 1 1 833
6000 0 1500 0 0 0 0 1 1 834
0 0 500 0 0 0 0 1 1 835
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 836
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 837
48 0 10 0 0 0 0 2 1 831
5000 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 832
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 833
6000 0 1500 0 0 0 0 2 1 834
0 0 500 0 0 0 0 2 1 835
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 1 836
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 837
48 0 10 0 0 0 0 3 1 831
5000 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 832
0 0 0 1000 0 0 0 3 1 833
6000 0 1500 0 0 0 0 3 1 834
0 0 500 0 0 0 0 3 1 835
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 836
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 837
48 0 10 0 0 0 0 4 1 831
5000 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 832
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 833
6000 0 1500 0 0 0 0 4 1 834
0 0 500 0 0 0 0 4 1 835
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 836
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 837
247
-1
44.75 0 10 0 0 0 0 1 2 831
6000 0 L2S 0 0 0 0 1 2 832
0 0 0 1000 0 0 0 1 2 833
10000 0 4500 2000 0 0 0 1 2 834
3000 0 6000 0 0 0 0 1 2 835
215000 106000 100000 0 0 0 0 1 2 836
0 0 0 0 0 0 3 21 2 837
52.75 0 9 0 0 0 0 2 2 831
31100 0 L2S 0 0 0 0 2 2 832
0 0 0 1000 0 0 0 2 2 833
6500 0 3300 1000 0 0 0 2 2 834
3000 0 4997 0 0 0 0 2 2 835
237000 114000 110000 0 0 0 0 2 2 836
0 0 200000 0 0 0 0 12 2 837
SB. 50 0 7 0 0 0 0 3 2 831
30000 0 4 0 0 0 0 3 2 832
0 0 0 3000 0 0 0 3 2 833
6000 0 2000 0 0 0 0 3 2 834
0 0 2000 0 0 0 0 3 2 835
150000 70000 112000 0 0 0 0 3 2 836
0 0 100000 0 0 0 0 3 2 837
•1
46.99 0 10 1 0 0 0 1 3 831
29000 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 832
0 0 .80 1000 0 0 0 1 3 833
6500 0 4000 2000 0 0 0 1 3 834
3750 0 16000 0 0 0 0 1 3 835
5750 2750 130000 0 0 0 0 1 3 836
0 0 -100000 0 1000000 0 0 51 3 837
52.75 0 9 0 0 0 0 2 3 631
31100 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 832
0 0 .60 1000 0 0 0 2 3 833
4500 0 3500 1000 0 0 0 2 3 834
4500 0 15000 0 0 0 0 2 3 835
30000 15000 76940 0 0 0 0 2 3 836
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 22 3 837
58.50 0 7 0 0 0 0 3 3 831
30000 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 832
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 633
5000 0 1800 5000 0 0 0 3 3834
5000 0 5500 1000 0 0 0 3 3 835
40000 20000 0 0 0 150000 0 3 3 836
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 837
1
1
46.99 0 11 1 0 0 0 1 4 831
31000 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 832
248
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 847
52.75 0 9 0 0 0 0 2 2 841
31100 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 842
0 0 0 1000 0
i.P/VA
0 0 2 2 843
4500 0 3500 1000 0 0 0 2 2 844
4500 0 20000 0 0 0 0 2 2 845
200000 90000 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 846
A
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 847
58.50 0 7 0 0 0 0 3 2 841
40000 0 0 0 0 0 0
A 3 2 842
0 0 0 10000 0 0 0 3 2 843
2993 0 3000 0 0 0 0 3 2 644
2993 0 6000 0 0 0 0 3 2 845
30000 15000 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 846
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 847
-1
47.50 0 12 0 0 0 0 1 3 841
31000 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 842
0 0 0 1000 0 0 0 1 3 843
5500 0 4000 2000 0 0 0 1 3 844
4750 0 8000 0 0 0 0 1 3 845
90100 59838 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 846
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 847
52.75 0 9 0 0 0 0 2 3 841
21100 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 842
0 0 0 1000 0 0 0 2 3 843
4500 0 3500 1000 0 0 0 2 3 844
4500 0 20000 0 0 0 0 2 3 845
200000 90000 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 846
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 847
58.50 0 7 0 0 0 0 3 3 841
40000 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 842
0 0 0 112000 0 0 0 3 3 843
3600 0 2500 0 0 0 0 3 3 844
3600 0 8000 0 0 0 0 3 3 845
30000 15000 2500 0 0 -10000 0 3 3 846
0 0 -50000 0 0 0 0 3 3 847
250
-1
52 0 10 0 0 0 4 2 831
4000 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 832
0 0 0 1000 0 0 4 2 833
4000 0 5000 0 0 0 4 2 834
4000 0 2500 0 0 0 4 2 835
185000 90000 0 150000 0 0 4 2 836
0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 837
-1
52 0 10 1 0 0 4 3 831
2500 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 832
0 0 0 1200 0 0 4 3 833
6000 0 6000 0 0 0 4 3 834
5000 0 3000 0 0 0 4 3 835
250000 123000 75000 50000 0 0 4 3 836
-1
54 0 10 0 0 0 4 4 831
4000 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 832
0 0 0 1500 0 0 4 4 833
6000 0 5500 0 0 0 4 4 834
5000 0 2500 0 0 0 4 4 835
250000 123000 0 0 0 0 4 4 836
0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 837
-1
53.50 0 10 0 0 0 4 1 841
8000 0 1.07 0 0 0 4 1 842
0 0 0 1500 0 0 4 1 843
4500 0 4000 0 0 0 4 1 844
2500 0 2000 0 0 0 4 1 845
189000 96000 153370 0 0 0 4 1 846
0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 847
-1
53.50 0 10 0 0 0 4 2 841
8000 0 .43 0 0 0 4 2 842
0 0 0 1200 0 0 4 843
3000 0 3000 3000 0 0 4 844
1000 0 1500 0 0 0 4 845
46000 22000 0 0 0 0 4 846
0 0 0 0 0 0 4 847
-1
53.50 10 4 3 841
252
7500 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 842
0 0 0 1200 0 0 4 3 843
4500 0 4500 0 0 0 4 3 844
3500 0 2200 0 0 0 4 3 845
150000 70000 80000 0 0 0 4 3 846
0 0 0 0 0 0 24 3 847
4 2 847
-1
52.50 0 11 0 0 0 4 3 841
8000 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 842
0 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 843
6500 0 1500 2250 0 0 4 3 844
6000 0 5500 0 0 0 4 3 845
259200 121300 220000 0 0 0 4 3 846
0 0 0 0 0 0 24 3 847
-1
48 0 10 0 0 0 4 2 831
5000 0 2 0 0 0 4 2 832
0 0 0 3000 0 0 4 2 833
12000 0 1200 0 0 0 4 2 834
0 0 6000 0 0 0 4 2 835
290000 150000 0 0 0 0 4 2 836
0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 837
-1
52.50 0 8 0 0 0 4 3 831
4500 0 -.75 0 0 0 4 3 832
0 0 0 3000 0 0 4 3 833
10000 0 540 0 0 0 4 3 834
8000 0 2380 0 0 0 4 3 835
415000 200000 110000 0 0 0 4 3 836
0 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 837
-1
53.50 0 8 0 0 0 4 4 831
4500 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 832
0 0 0 3500 0 0 4 4 833
12000 0 507 0 0 0 4 4 834
12000 0 2212 0 0 0 4 4 835
276000 132000 0 0 0 0 4 4 836
0 0 0 0 0 200000 4 4 837
-1
53.501 0 9 0 0 0 4 1 841
8000 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 842
0 0 0 3550 0 0 4 1 843
5000 0 475 0 0 0 4 1 844
5000 0 2049 0 0 0 4 1 845
276000 132000 150000 0 0 0 4 1 846
0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 847
-1
54 0 8 0 0 0 4 2 841
10000 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 842
0 0 .10 5000 0 0 4 2 843
254
-1
49 0 8 0 0 0 4 2 831
5000 0 0 -500 0 0 4 2 832
0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 833
9000 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 834
1500 0 1440 0 0 0 4 2 835
158000 19800 50000 0 0 0 4 2 836
0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 837
-1
52 0 8 0 0 0 4 3 831
3000 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 832
0 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 833
9000 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 834
3600 0 2000 0 0 0 4 3 835
140000 20000 99337 0 0 0 4 3 836
0 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 837
-1
52 0 8 0 0 0 4 4 831
15000 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 832
0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 833
4400 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 834
400 0 2000 0 0 0 4 4 835
0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 836
0 0 125000 0 0 0 4 4 837
-1
48.99 0 7 0 0 0 4 1 841
12000 0 1 -500 0 0 4 1 842
0 0 0 3000 0 0 4 1 843
1000 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 844
100 0 2000 0 0 0 4 1 845
0 0 35000 0 0 0 4 1 846
0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 847
255
-1
48.95 0 7 0 0 0 4 2 841
12000 0 0 0 0
A 0 4 2 842
0 0 0 3000 0 0 4 2 843
7500 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 844
750 0 2000 0 0 0 4 2 845
186100 89000 150000 0 0 0 4 2 846
0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 847
-1
51.99 0 5 0 0 0 4 3 841
10000 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 842
0 0 0 3000 0 0 4 3 843
10000 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 844
10000 0 2000 0 0 0 4 3 845
184000 88000 0 0 0 0 4 3 846
0 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 847
-1
49 0 10 1 0 0 4 2 831
5000 0 2 -1000 0 0 4 2 832
0 0 0 1000 0 0 4 2 833
10000 0 5000 0 0 0 4 2 834
0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 835
69920 46500 100000 0 0 0 4 2 836
0 0 0 0 0 200000 4 2 837
-1
57 0 8 0 0 0 4 3 831
5000 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 832
0 0 0 1000 0 0 4 3 833
5000 0 5000 0 0 0 4 3 834
5000 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 835
230000 110000 0 0 0 0 4 3 836
0 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 837
-1
56 0 8 0 0 0 4 4 831
4000 0 .20 -400 0 0 4 4 832
0 0 0 1000 0 0 4 4 833
4500 0 5000 3000 0 0 4 4 834
3500 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 835
23000 11000 100000 0 0 0 4 4 836
0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 837
257
-1
56 0 9 0 0 0 4 1 841
5000 0 1.80 -600 0 0 4 1 842
0 0 0 1000 0 0 4 1 843
4000 0 4000 2000 0 0 4 1 844
0 0 4000 0 0 0 4 1 845
92000 44000 0 0 0 0 4 1 846
0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 847
-1
56 0 9 1 0 0 4 2 841
5000 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 842
0 0 0 2000 0 0 4 2 843
4000 0 5000 2000 0 0 4 2 844
0 0 2000 50000 0 0 4 2 845
69000 33000 100000 0 0 0 4 2 846
0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 847
•1
56 0 9 0 0 0 4 3 841
5000 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 842
0 0 0 2000 0 0 4 3 843
4500 0 5000 2000 0 0 4 3 844
3500 0 2000 150000 0 0 4 3 845
184000 88000 0 0 0 0 4 3 846
0 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 847
-1
48 0 10 0 0 0 4 2 831
8000 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 832
0 0 0 3500 0 0 4 2 833
6000 0 1800 0 0 0 4 2 834
4000 0 5500 0 0 0 4 2 835
23000 110000 112982 150000 0 0 4 2 836
0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 837
-1
50 0 10 0 0 0 4 3 831
12000 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 832
0 0 0 5000 0 0 4 3 833
8000 0 2880 0 0 0 4 3 834
8000 0 8880 0 0 0 4 3 835
184000 88000 300000 120000 0 0 4 3 836
40000 20000 0 0 0 0 4 3 837
-1
51.50 0 10 0 0 0 4 4 831
12000 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 832
0 0 0 5000 0 0 4 4 833
8000 0 2880 0 0 0 4 4 834
258
-1
48 0 10 0 0 0 4 2 831
5000 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 832
0 0 0 1000 0 0 4 2 833
8000 0 500 0 0 0 4 2 834
0 0 750 0 0 0 4 2 835
235000 112000 50000 0 0 0 4 2 836
0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 837
-1
49.99 0 9 0 0 0 4 3 831
12000 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 832
0 0 .70 1000 0 0 4 3 833
8000 0 1000 0 0 0 4 3 834
8000 0 1500 0 0 0 4 3 835
40000 20000 0 150000 0 0 4 3 836
0 0 175000 0 0 0 4 3 837
259
-1
52.99 0 8 0 0 0 4 4 631
6000 0 .53 0 0 0 4 4 832
0 0 .30 1000 0 0 4 4 833
9300 0 3000 0 0 0 4 4 834
9300 0 3000 0 0 0 4 4 835
404000 198000 100000 0 0 0 4 4 836
0 0 50000 0 0 0 8* 4 837
-1
51.99 0 8 1 0 0 4 1 Ml
25000 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 842
0 0 -.50 3000 0 0 4 1 843
6000 0 3000 5000 0 0 4 1 844
3300 0 3000 0 0 0 4 1 845
40000 20000 0 0 0 0 4 1 846
0 0 0 0 0 0 44 1 847
-1
51.99 0 9 0 0 0 4 2 841
40000 0 .47 0 0 0 4 2 842
0 0 -.30 3000 0 0 4 2 843
4000 0 1500 5000 0 0 4 2 844
2000 0 1500 0 0 0 4 2 845
0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 846
0 0 0 0 0 0 44 2 847
-1
53.99 0 9 0 0 0 4 3 841
40000 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 842
0 0 0 3000 0 0 4 3 843
8000 0 3000 5000 0 0 4 3 844
2000 0 1500 0 0 0 4 3 845
145000 60000 150000 0 0 0 4 3 846
0 0 0 0 0 0 44 3 847
-1
45 0 9 0 0 0 4 2 831
5000 0 2 0 0 0 832
0 0 .80 1000 0 0 833
5000 0 2000 0 0 0 2 834
6000 0 2000 0 0 0 835
275000 132000 80000 0 0 0 836
0 0 100000 0 0 0 837
1
52 0 8 0 0 0 4 3 831
5000 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 832
0 0 .20 1000 0 0 4 3 833
5000 0 2000 0 0 0 4 3 834
260
-1
48 0 10 0 0 0 4 2 831
5000 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 832
0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 833
9000 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 834
0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 835
207000 99000 67661 0 0 0 4 2 836
0 0 100000 0 0 0 4 2 837
261
-1
60 0 9 0 0 0 4 3 831
10000 0 3 0 0 0
A 4 3 832
0 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 833
5000 0 0 0 0 0
A 4 3 834
0 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 835
115000 55000 40872 0 0 0 4 3 836
0 0 50000 0 0 0 4 3 837
-1
57 0 9 0 0 0 4 4 831
15000 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 832
0 0 0 5000 0 0 4 4 833
6000 0 3630 0 0 0 4 4 834
0 0 4620 0 0 0 4 4 835
46000 22000 0 0 0 0 4 4 836
0 0 100000 0 0 0 4 4 837
-1
49.50 0 9 0 0 0 4 1 841
30000 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 842
0 0 0 3250 0 0 4 1 843
5500 0 3025 1000 0 0 4 1 844
0 0 4538 0 0 0 4 1 845
126500 60500 0 0 0 0 4 1 846
0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 847
-1
52.50 0 9 0 0 0 4 2 841
30000 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 842
0 0 1.0 3000 0 0 4 2 843
6000 0 4950 3000 0 0 4 2 844
3000 0 7425 0 0 0 4 2 845
207000 99000 0 0 0 0 4 2 846
0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 847
-1
52.50 0 9 0 0 0 4 3 841
40000 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 842
0 0 .10 3000 0 0 4 3 843
9000 0 7700 1000 0 0 4 3 844
5000 0 11550 0 0 0 4 3 845
322000 154000 0 0 0 0 4 3 846
0 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 847
-1
48 0 10 0 0 0 4 2 831
5000 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 832
0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 833
9000 0 1500 0 0 0 4 2 834
262
-1
48 0 10 0 0 0 4 2 831
10000 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 832
0 0 0 10000 0 0 4 2 833
7000 0 2000 20000 0 0 4 2 834
18000 0 6000 0 0 0 4 2 835
35000 25500 0 4750 0 0 4 2 836
0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 837
-1
55 0 10 0 0 0 4 3 831
30000 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 832
0 0 0 15000 0 0 4 3 833
15000 0 5000 20000 0 0 4 3 834
10000 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 835
10000 25000 188457 0 0 0 4 3 836
0 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 837
-1
55 0 10 0 0 0 4 4 831
15000 0 1 0 0 0 4 4 832
0 0 0 10000 0 0 4 4 833
5390 0 5000 15000 0 0 4 4 834
0 0 4000 0 0 0 4 4 835
10000 15000 0 0 0 0 4 4 836
0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 837
-1
50 0 10 0 0 0 4 1 841
20000 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 842
0 0 0 5000 0 0 4 1 843
5390 0 1005 10000 0 0 4 1 844
0 0 1000 0 0 0 4 1 845
10000 15000 0 0 0 0 4 1 846
0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 847
-1
50 0 8 0 0 0 4 2 841
25000 0 1 0 0 0 4 2 842
0 0 0 5000 0 0 4 2 843
5365 0 1000 2000 0 0 4 2 844
5000 0 1000 0 0 0 4 2 845
12000 17000 40000 0 0 0 4 2 846
0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 847
•1
X
51.50 0 8 0 0 0 4 3 841
2000 0 1 0 0 0 4 3 842
0 0 1.0 8000 0 0 4 3 843
5150 0 1000 1000 0 0 4 3 844
10000 0 1000 0 0 0 4 3 845
264
-1
48 0 10 0 0 0 4 2 831
5000 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 832
0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 833
9000 0 3750 0 0 0 4 2 834
0 0 3750 0 0 0 4 2 835
500000 250000 22587 0 0 0 4 2 836
0 0 5000 0 5000 0 4 2 837
-1
46 0 10 0 0 0 4 3 831
5000 0 .23 0 0 0 4 3 832
0 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 833
9000 0 3750 0 0 0 4 3 834
7000 0 3750 0 0 0 4 3 835
500000 250000 44386 0 0 0 4 3 836
0 0 36850 0 5000 0 4 3 837
-1
46 0 10 0 0 0 4 4 831
8000 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 832
0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 833
9000 0 2500 0 0 0 4 4 834
5000 0 2500 0 0 0 4 4 835
560000 295000 0 0 0 0 4 4 836
0 0 0 0 2500 0 4 4 837
-1
1
48 0 10 0 0 0 4 1 841
7000 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 842
0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 843
9000 0 2500 0 0 0 4 1 844
5000 0 2500 0 0 0 4 1 845
200000 100000 16395 0 0 0 4 1 846
0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 847
-1
50 0 10 0 0 0 4 2 841
15000 0 -1.0 0 0 0 4 2 842
0 0 0 1000 0 0 4 2 843
9000 0 2000 0 0 0 4 2 844
0 0 2000 0 0 0 4 2 845
150000 75000 0 0 0 0 4 2 846
0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 847
265
-1
52 0 10 0 0 0 4 3 841
20000 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 842
0 0 0 2000 0 0 4 3 843
9000 0 2000 0 0 0 4 3 844
0 0 2000 0 0 0 4 3 845
200000 100000 63615 0 0 0 4 3 846
0 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 847
-1
48 0 10 0 0 0 4 2 831
10000 0 1.0 0 0 0 4 2 832
0 0 0 7500 0 0 4 2 833
5000 0 1850 1000 0 0 4 2 834
5000 0 5500 0 0 0 4 2 835
240000 115000 45174 0 0 0 4 2 836
0 0 172902 0 0 0 4 2 837
-1
52.50 0 11 0 0 0 4 3 831
10000 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 832
0 0 0 10000 0 0 4 3 833
6250 0 2250 1000 0 0 4 3 834
6250 0 6900 0 0 0 4 3 835
289500 14500 0 0 0 0 4 3 836
100000 100000 0 0 500000 0 4 3 837
-1
55 0 11 0 0 0 4 4 831
10000 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 832
0 0 0 10000 0 0 4 4 833
5000 0 2250 1000 0 0 4 4 834
5417 0 6900 150000 0 0 4 4 835
410909 175000 115000 0 0 0 4 4 836
50000 100000 0 0 2500 0 4 4 837
-1
52 0 11 0 0 0 4 1 841
30000 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 842
0 0 0 10000 0 0 4 1 843
6250 0 2250 2000 0 0 4 1 844
6250 0 6900 200000 0 0 4 1 845
289500 86500 0 0 0 0 4 1 846
0 0 0 0 0 0 24 1 847
-1
52 0 11 0 0 0 4 2 841
40000 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 842
0 0 0 12000 0 0 4 2 843
8300 0 3000 2000 0 0 4 2 844
266
-1
50 0 10 2 0 0 4 2 831
6000 0 1.0 0 0 0 4 2 832
0 0 0 2000 0 0 4 2 833
6000 0 811 0 0 0 4 2 834
3000 0 3573 0 0 0 4 2 835
73416 48729 0 0 0 0 4 2 836
0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 837
-1
52 0 11 0 0 0 4 3 831
6000 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 832
0 0 0 3000 0 0 4 3 833
8000 0 1583 0 0 0 4 3 834
5600 0 6937 0 0 0 4 3 835
110651 72590 50000 10000 0 0 4 3 836
200000 230000 0 0 0 0 4 3 837
-1
52 0 12 0 0 0 4 4 831
10000 0 .25 0 0 0 4 4 832
0 0 0 3000 0 0 4 4 833
8000 0 1800 0 0 0 4 4 834
8000 0 8442 0 0 0 4 4 835
130264 86630 150000 0 0 0 4 4 836
215000 215000 200000 0 0 0 4 4 837
-1
53 0 12 0 0 0 4 1 841
10000 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 842
0 0 0 4000 0 0 4 1 843
5000 0 1989 0 0 0 4 1 844
5417 0 6862 0 0 0 4 1 845
171300 113400 150000 0 0 0 4 1 846
0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 847
267
-1
53 0 12 0 0 0 4 2 841
11000 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 842
0 0 0 4000 0 0 4 2 843
9500 0 2147 0 0 0 4 2 844
9500 0 10627 0 0 0 4 2 845
154586 1010% 0 0 0 0 4 2 846
0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 847
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54 0 12 0 0 0 4 3 841
25000 0 .75 -500 0 0 4 3 842
0 0 0 4000 0 0 4 3 843
9500 0 1932 0 0 0 4 3 844
4750 0 8606 0 0 0 4 3 845
115901 75786 100000 0 0 0 4 3 846
0 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 847
APPENDIX M
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