Chapter 1-5 Malagnat Student Information System

Kalinga State University
Bulanao, Tabuk City, Kalinga

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Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
The unprecedented growth of information and communication
technologies (ICT) driven by microelectronics, computer hardware,
and software systems has influenced all facets of computing
applications across organizations. Technology has impacted almost
every aspect of life today, and education is no exception. Or is
it? In some ways, education seems much the same as it has been
for many years.
Technology can be a powerful tool for transforming learning.
It can help affirm and advance relationships between educators
and students, reinvent our approaches to learning and
collaboration, shrink long-standing equity and accessibility
gaps, and adapt learning experiences to meet the needs of all
learners.
Student Information System (SIS) assists the institutions to
manage every single detail of students in a holistic, organized,
and cost-effective way. Education ERP completely and efficiently
eliminates the need for faculty members to spend a considerable
amount of time compiling student data. Thereby assisting the
faculty members in channelizing their concentration on the
students and their performance enhancement.

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Student information system has gained huge popularity in the
educational sector because of their unique characteristics which
have helped countless schools and higher educational institutes
immensely. Right from maintaining and updating student data with
proficiency to analyzing and creating reports, the education
management software has helped substantially (Gagliordi, Natalie,
August 2018).
A Student Information System (SIS), student management
system, school administration software, or student administration
system is a management information system for education
establishments used to manage student data. Student information
systems provide capabilities for registering students in courses;
documenting grading, transcripts of academic achievement and co-
curricular activities, and the results of student assessment
scores; forming student schedules; tracking student attendance;
and managing other student-related data needs in an educational
institution (ZDNet,2019).
According to Tobias (2018), An Online Student Information
System, or OSIS, is a web-based platform that helps schools take
data online for easier management and better clarity. That's at
its most basic. The OSIS system can collect all student data
online so that it can be easily accessed by teachers, parents,
students, and administrators. That includes records of tests,

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attendance, and appraisal performance. Essentially, an OSIS
allows the school to make data points for lots of areas in one
place so that it's easy to keep track of progress and
performance. With this advantage and benefits of the Online
Student Information System and intuitive user interface with
pioneering features, it can maximize the automation of school
management. Smart management of student and staff data makes
organized schedules, stress-free and easy to manage data. Yes,
enhancing the efficiency of school administration and managing
student data is effortless with the Online Student Information
System. This system can be customized to include a whole range
of activities. It can be easily accessed anytime. Schools can
run the Online Student Information System on minimal hardware
affordably and gain a competitive advantage by exploiting the
latest in technology to stay ahead of the competition.
The Malagnat National High School currently uses the
traditional paper and pen in recording and updating the student’s
information, grades, and absences and stores it in folders and
cabinets. The students fill up forms upon enrolment that contains
their basic information. These forms are consolidated by the
school administrator and stored in school cabinets for encoding
in the LIS. The school administrator designates advisers for each
class section and prepares teachers’ load. The Teachers are

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currently using record books in recording students’ activities
and performances. The existing processes encounter problems and
issues such as data misplaced or lost, outdated data, and
incoherent student information. Also in the existing system, the
parents or guardians have minimal supervision of their children’s
absences.
This motivates the researchers to propose an Online Student
Information System to computerize the current processes of the
school and integrate additional features to minimize the problems
and issues encountered in the existing system. The system will
ease the process of recording and updating students’ information
and store it in centralized storage where teachers can easily
retrieve information and update it if needed. The school
administrator can effortlessly assign advisers to each respective
class and teachers to the subjects they will teach. The system
will also send text messages to inform the student’s parent or
guardian if their child is absent. The proposed system will be
advantageous to the school, the school administrators, the
teachers, the students, and the student’s parents/guardians.

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State of the Art
Student Information System (SIS) is a fully computerized
system designed to manage, store, track, retrieve, and analyze
student-related data. The data is saved at a centralized location
& role-based login access is given to all the stakeholders like
teachers, students, and parents to ensure student data security.
School Profile
MYRNA A. SABONG YVY S. TUDAY

Head Teacher I Head Teacher I
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL

DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT
RODANTE U. DUGUIAWE FRANCIS GANAG JOSIE L. TOMMONGGAO ESTELITA B. PALACI

Teacher III Teacher II Teacher III Teacher III
MANUEL M. DELAPENA
ANDRES D. LAPPAY EDILYN CATALIG JESSICA P. PASAY-AN
Teacher III
Teacher II Teacher II Teacher III
BABY JEAN S. SEYAO JOYBELLE A. GUZMAN

Teacher III Teacher I
KRISTALYN MARY D. DIWAYAN
Teacher II
LYNNETTE MAE A. ANGEL GRACE D.
BALUNGGAY BILAGOT
Teacher III Teacher I
CHINKY AIZA T. UDAY

Teacher I
Figure 1. Organizational Chart

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The school is located at the heart of Northern Pinukpuk’s
Lower Cal-owan Zone. It is along the highway making it accessible
to any vehicle. It is 7 kilometers(km) away from Poblacion, from
the nearest private secondary school – STS Pinukpuk from the
Northern Pinukpuk District office. It is 500 meters away from the
nearest public elementary – Malagnat Elementary School. 14
kilometers from the nearest public secondary school – Camalog
National High School and 47 kilometers away from the Division
office.
Area and Physical Facilities
It has an area of one hectare. It is being surrounded by
mountains causing the unavailability of cellular signals in the
school. The school is a developing school. All the classrooms are
temporary learning shelters. However, there are already planned
concrete buildings to be built the soonest. Other school
facilities and equipment ardently hoped for the soonest.
Population and Personnel
Despite the limited physical capacity of the school, the
school continues its Special Program in the Art curriculum in the
Junior High School Moreover, it has extended its wings to give
service to the people of Pinukpuk through opening and extension
at Barangay Taggay, Pinukpuk, Kalinga. The Malagnat National High
School-Taggay Site has been operating for two years. For now, the
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school has an overall population of 352 with 13 permanent
teachers with 1 school head. 234 students are from Junior High
School from NHS, Taggay Site. 40 out of the 13 teachers are
Junior High School teachers and 3 teachers are Senior High School
teachers.
Statement of the Problem
This study aims to design and develop a Student Information
System that will address the problems of the existing SIS of
Malagnat National High School that leads to answering the
following questions below:
1. What are the process of the existing Student Information
System of Malagnat National High school?
2. What are the problem and issues encountered in the
existing system of the school?
3. What system can be developed to address the problem with
the existing system?
4. What is the level of acceptance in the implementation of
the system?
Objectives of the Study
The main objective of this study is to design and develop an
Online Student Information System for Malagnat National High
School.
Specifically, it aims to:

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1. To identify the processes of the existing Student
Information System of Malagnat National High school.
2. To determine the problem and issues encountered in the
existing system of the school.
3. To determine the processes to be integrated into the
system to address the problem of the current system.
4. To prove the level of acceptance in the utilization of
the implemented proposed system.
Significance of the Study
Through this proposed system, it will be beneficial for the
following:
To Malagnat National High School. Through this proposed
system, Malagnat National High School will have a reliable
Student Information System with updated and consistent records.
The proposed system will help the school in managing the records
of the student in the school and will help the administrators in
generating needed reports.
To the Principal. With the proposed system the principal
will be able to manage teachers teaching load with simplicity and
proficiency.
To the Adviser. The proposed system will help the teachers
in managing students’ information, recording students’ quarterly
grades, and attendance checking.

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To the Students. It will minimize the time and effort it
takes for the students to view grades and the student will have
an updated and reliable information record.
To the Parents. Through this proposed system, parents will
be able to monitor their child’s attendance.
To the Researchers. It will allow them to apply the
different
theories and concepts they learned through their entire years of
stay in this university and at the same time, enhance their
skills and work performance while grasping knowledge throughout
the study.
To the Future Researchers. The study will give future
researchers ideas and insights on their future proposals or
projects.
To Kalinga State University (KSU). It will serve as an
accomplishment for the school in promoting its mission and
vision.
Scope and Delimitations
The proposed study focused on the design and development of
an Online Student Information System for Malagnat National High
School, the system will have the following processes: (1)
Management of student’s personal information, quarterly grades,
and attendance, (2) Assigned teachers with their teaching load,

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(3) Management of advisory class, classes, and subjects, (4)
Notification to the parents if their child is absent, and (5)
Student moving up the list.
However, the proposed system delimits itself on the
computation of the raw grades of the students, and the scheduling
of their extracurricular activities.
Definition of Terms
The researchers gathered the following terminologies to have
a better and clearer understanding of the study.
Authentication. The process of identifying yourself and the
verification that you're who you say you are. Computers, where
restricted information is stored, may require you to enter your
username and password to gain access.
Computerized. The process of storing, processing, analyzing,
or generating reports by a computer.
Database. It is a storage area of integrated data that can
be retrieved and manipulated to produce information.
Data Breach. An unfortunate event where a student’s
information is accessed unauthorized. Usually done through
hacking or phishing scams.
Documentation. Refers to relation to computers, the set of
instructions shipped with a program or a piece of hardware.

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Extracurricular Activities. These are the non-academic
activities of the student such as contests and programs where
they partition.
Event. It refers to the process of a part of the thing that
happens, especially one of importance to present in the future.
Grades. A mark/s indicates the quality of a student's
performances, attendance, and activities.
Learner Information System. An online facility that provides
for the registration of learners enrolled in schools run or
licensed by the Department of Education (DepEd) in the
Philippines. It is the national registry of all learners in Basic
Education. (Dep-Ed Oplan Balik Eskwela, 2019)
Log-in. It is the process of user identification and
authorization using grant access to the system.
Password. Refers to a security measure used to restrict
access to computer systems and sensitive system files.
Record. Refers to retaining information usually the files.
Scheduling. It is a process to arrange or plan (an event) to
take place at a particular time.
Student Information System. A software develops to
computerize the process of managing student information and
eliminates the problems encounters in manually managing student
information.
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System. Refers to any collection of component elements that
work together to perform.
Transaction. It refers to the process in which a system is
related to the organization’s activities.

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Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter primarily presents the different researches and
other literature from both global and local researchers, which
have significant bearings on the variables included in the
research. The literature of this study comes from books,
journals, articles, electronic materials such as PDFs or E-Book,
and other existing theses and dissertations, global and local
that are believed to be useful in the advancement of the study.
Global Literature
According to Muhammad Assif and John Krogstie (2019). Mobile
information systems are extending the possibilities for when and
where to perform learning for different communities. In this
paper we particularly address students. Mobile computing is also
changing the way of communication between teachers and students
and can be used effectively to improve instructional quality.
Campus Information System for students is deﬁned as “An
interrelated group of information resources, accessible by
computer through the campus institutional external and internal
web environment, that a university places at the disposal of its
users to enable them to consult it and/or provide a selection of
signiﬁcant and relevant data, in the wide context of their

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university life in its academic, administrative and social
senses, to improve student’s knowledge base”.
According to Melda Manuhutu, et al. (2018) from the study
Academic Information System for Student (Case Study: Victory
University of Sorong) “The rapid development of information
technology becomes a big challenge for all parties. Information
systematic systems are a form of development of information
technology. It must be considered in terms of utilization and
appropriate safeguards, so the results achieved can be following
the objectives that meet the needs of technology users
themselves. Information technology is used to process data,
including obtaining, organizing, processing, storing, and
manipulating data in various ways to produce good quality
information. The result of information must be relevant,
accurate, and timely so that it can be used for every
institution, whether public or private, one of which is an
educational institution. Educational institutions should be able
to use and utilize information technology as a supporter of
operational activities in producing accurate information.
According to Ahmed Al-Hunaiyyan et al. (2021). Successful
student information systems (SIS) make students productive and
improve the workflow of their academic services. These systems,
including learning management systems (LMS), provide functions

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and tools that overcome college-level administrative and academic
problems. SIS allows college students to manage their data,
including registering in courses, maintaining grades, showing
transcripts, and generating progress reports. Although SIS is
widely used in the academic world, these systems require regular
evaluation to make them more productive. Having effective and
efficient SIS significantly impacts stakeholder groups’ operation
and performance. Therefore, the key features of SIS must be
identified, and appropriate evaluation criteria must be developed
to measure them.
According to Sean M. Motta (2017). The creation and
management of accurate, up-to-date information regarding a
student’s academic career are critically important in the
management of a university. Previously, the USF Honors College
relied heavily on paper records for this initiative. This
research focuses on the design and implementation of a
comprehensive student information system and user interface to
replace the current paper records. Honors College Staff can
directly access all aspects of a student’s academic progress
through a secure, online interface embedded in the college’s
website. The system utilizes user authentication, displaying only
information necessary for an individual’s duties. Additionally,
each sub-system has authentication allowing authorized users to

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create or update information in that sub-system. All data is
thoroughly reviewed and validated on the server before actual
record alteration occurs. In addition to a staff user interface,
this system features a student user interface, allowing users to
access information and submit requests electronically, saving
both completion and processing time.
According to ARIEL O. GAMAO, Ph.D. in Educational Management
graduate, Doctor in Information Technology (2017). The progress
in information and communication technologies and touch screen
technologies have changed the end-user computing experience and
environment. These advancements have changed the way delivering
of information and services. Students Information Systems can now
be deployed through an information kiosk, whenever students have
queries on their grades, subjects enrolled, or even payments,
students will just go to the information kiosk and use the
system. Student Information System is part of these advancements.
According to Lahar Mishra, et al. (2015). MIS provides
faster access to the required information which helps the
organization to make effective and timely decisions regarding
every aspect such as investments, employment, products, etc
depending upon the organization. Decision-making refers to
choosing a certain line of action from among several

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alternatives. It is integral management that occurs at every
level of management and every function. The effectiveness of the
organization depends upon the quality of decisions that informs
its operation. Decision-making is a major metric for determining
the organization’s success or failure. This paper focuses on
understanding the need, benefits, types of MIS, the MIS model,
the decision-making system, and majorly the role of MIS in the
decision-making of the organization.
According to Xiangcheng Wu (2020) “With the continuous
development of information technology, the means of information
technology in the student management system continue to
popularize and promote. It can make management efficient, fast,
and convenient. Given the problems existing in the current
student information management system, such as long development
cycle, difficult maintenance, and poor user experience. This
paper design and implement a novel student information management
system. Based on the mode of Client/Server, the design of the
mobile terminal is added that the WeChat mini-program is used for
development. At the same time, the Development of the client is
based on Qt Quick. The interface is simple and easy to implement,
also easy to transplant into different operating system
platforms. The system is simple to implement, the system

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developers only need to be familiar with QML, JavaScript, CSS,
and other front-end development technologies to complete the
development of the system. The practice shows that the system is
more scientific and institutionalized student information
management, reducing the labor intensity of the management
personnel, with low cost, easy maintenance, low development
threshold, short development cycle, and other advantages, with a
certain promotion value.
Local Literature
According to J. Arroyo (2016). Student information system as
of study today is changing what people are learning upon such as
with the burgeoning of the internet, the control exercised in the
past by the Philippines from various departments of education and
by individual teachers over pedagogical content may have
diminished significantly. Through this new informative medium,
resources of varying quality and provenance on the virtually
diverse subject matter are now available to the students. Truly,
it is crucial to the advancement of informative research within
composed disciplines and the continued successful integration of
SIS applied in the Philippines setting with resources to higher
education systems determining that certain group of students can
acquire and gain effective knowledge literacy skills through the

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SIS process and understanding the value of education services
crafted to provide the best teachings as possible. The SIS
encourage the use of SIS in parallel to define learning style
which allows students to interact with their classmates and does
help the instructor facilitate an enhanced learning experience
through SIS application mode and finally emphasizes the value of
making student information connection with a subject teacher for
instance geared upon for in-depth education success.
According to Teresita P. Gepuit, et al. (2021). Notably,
student information systems or SIS incurs such application
software designed for educational establishments to manage
student data. Student information systems provide capabilities
for entering student tests and other assessment scores, building
student schedules, tracking student attendance as well as
managing many other student-related data needs within the
institution university. Thus, many of these systems applied in
the Philippines can be scaled to different levels of activity and
can be configured by their home institutions to meet local needs.
According to Shiela Priegado( 2021), a student information
system or SIS incurs such application software designed for
educational establishments to manage student data. Student

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information systems provide capabilities for entering student
tests and other assessment scores, building student schedules,
tracking student attendance as well as managing many other
student-related data needs within the institution university.
Thus, many of these systems applied in the Philippines can be
scaled to different levels of activity and can be configured by
their home institutions to meet local needs.
According to Maria Cecilia G. Cantos, Lorena W. Rabago, and
Bartlome T. Tanguilig (2015). Student Integrated Information
System is now a facility that universities and colleges use to
manage the records of their students. The convenience of
accessing the educational resources online makes the programs
ideal for working professionals and students alike. With the
widespread employment of distance learning education programs,
even most conventional colleges and universities are now offering
online education. Along with this program, certificates,
associate and bachelor’s degrees, master’s degrees, and doctoral
degrees can be acquired through distance learning.
According to John Inoco, et al.(2017) “Technology has a
positive influence upon all branches and spheres of our life.
People can easily access their documents and information through

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the use of technology. This is possible through the easy storage,
retrieval, and manipulation of data even in real-time
transactions. One of the specific examples of these real-time
systems is the Electronic Student Information Portal of Davao
Oriental State College of Science and Technology which aims to
provide students an avenue to easily access their information
such as grades, profiles, academic records, and class schedules,
and subject offerings. The eSIP was directly connected to the
database of an independent system of Davao Oriental State College
of Science and Technology, which is the Electronic School
Management System (eSMS). This study aims to understand the
effectiveness and satisfaction of the existing Student
Information Portal (SIP) system implemented by the Davao Oriental
State College of Science and Technology. The results of the study
show that the eSIP systems are effective regarding information
management, and access, and meet the minimum systems quality
requirements.
Through the help of the above different related studies and
literature, researchers can have additional knowledge to what
they already know in developing the proposed system. Hence, the
proposed study aims to develop a Student Information System for
Malagnat National High School. Moreover, the related studies will

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serve as their basis and guide in formulating the processes,
functions, outputs, and benefits of the study. It also provides
specifications to researchers on how to develop a non-existing
system with unique features which will help the school in
managing student information.

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Chapter 3
DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
This chapter of the study presents the software development
methodology. A Software Development Methodology is a framework
used to structure, plan, and control the process of developing an
information system.
Software Development Methodology
The researchers used V-model in the development of the
proposed study because it simplifies the software development
process. This model helps and guides the researchers in
developing the system.
The V-shaped model shows the relationships between each
phase of development and the associated phase of testing. It's
also referred to as the 'verification and validation model'. This
is because each verification phase is associated with a
validation phase.
The process is like carrying out quality checks for all the
new things a software developer adds to a project. This model,

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therefore, introduces a disciplined approach to software
engineering.
Figure 2. V Model
Requirement Analysis: The preliminary step in software
development is to gather requirements. Requirements comprise
business requirements that are to be met during the process of
software development. Business requirement analysis is to
understand an aspect from a customer’s perspective by stepping

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into their shoes to completely analyze the functionality of an
application from a user’s point of view.
The researchers gather data by visiting Malagnat National
High School and conducting interviews and determining the
existing processes and the problems and issues they encounter.
They also source out some forms and blank reports to be
integrated into the system.
System Design: It comprises creating a layout of the
system/application design that is to be developed. System design
is aimed at writing detailed hardware and software
specifications.
In this phase, the researchers identify the processes and
functions that need to be integrated into the system to automate
the existing process of the existing system and eliminate the
problems and issues encountered in the system.
Architectural Design: Architectural design is concerned with
drafting the technical methodologies to be adopted with regard to
the completion of software development objectives. Architectural
design is often termed as ‘high-level design’ which is aimed at
providing an overview of the solution, platform, system, product,
and service.
In this phase, the researchers decide on what programming
language and database to be used. They chose PHP as their

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programming language because it is the program needed to host
online and MySQL as their database. They also enumerate the
processes and functions to be integrated into the proposed system
as well as the reports to be generated.
Module Design: Module design is known as ‘low-level design’
which is aimed at defining the logic upon which the system shall
be built. In this stage, the researcher tries to depict the
relationship between the modules and the order in which they
interact.
In this phase, the researchers design the user interface of
the system. They design the user interface of the system to be
user-friendly and flexible while using computers and mobile
phones. They also design the forms they gathered from the school
when they conduct the interviews.
Coding. At this point, the actual coding and implementation
occur. This period converts all previously generated design and
specification documents into a coded, functional system. This
stage should be fully completed before the testing phases begin.
The researcher uses their chosen programming language to
convert all the needed processes and functions into codes. They
integrated all the determined processes and functions in the
system to produce the desired output and reports from the system
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and solve the encountered problems of the existing system. They
create a database to connect to the system’s user interface and
create a table to be able to store data and information. The
system user interface works with the database to perform and
produce the needed outputs and reports.
Unit Testing Phase: Unit tests are supposed to verify signs
and remove bug if it exists. A unit test is simply executing a
piece of code to verify whether it delivers the desired
functionality.
The researchers examine the codes to see if they are free of
bugs. They need to try every function and process that was
integrated into the system to know if there is an existing error
or bugs and it should be solved before proceeding to the next
phase. The researchers also host the system online for online
access and testing.
Integration Testing: The term ‘integration testing’ refers to
collaborating pieces of code together to verify that they perform
as a single entity.
The researcher conducts several tests to determine if the
system performs as planned and can work together as a whole. The
system should produce the reports and display output
effortlessly.
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System Testing: System Testing is performed when the
complete system is ready, the application is then run on the
target environment in which it must operate, and a conclusion is
drawn to figure out whether the system is capable of performing
efficiently with the least response time.
The researchers respectfully asked the school to use the
system for at least a week to determine if the system minimized
the problems encountered in the existing system.
User Acceptance Testing: The user acceptance test plan is
prepared during the requirement analysis phase because when the
software is ready to be delivered, it is tested against a set of
tests that must be met to certify that the product has achieved
the target it was intended to.
The researchers float questionnaires to the respondents to
determine if the system has been beneficial to the school and
passes certain criteria of feasibility. The students then tally
the floated questionnaire to conclude a conclusion for the study.
Software Development Tools
The researchers use the following software in developing the
proposed system.
CSS. Is used for the design of each individual’s page’s look
and feel.
HTML. Is used to build the structure of the web page.

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MYSQL. It is a platform that can offer database management.
It is used for creating updating reading and deleting records.
PHP. It is a programming language that can execute queries and
process input and output requests from the server.
VISUAL STUDIO CODE. This is the programming language used in
developing the Malagnat Student Information System because the
coding of it is simple, easy to understand the features, and
applicable for hosting the system online.
APACHE. It is a platform that acts as a local server that
hosts the source code.
Locale and Population of the Study
The researchers conducted a series of interviews with a
questionnaire and observation in Malagnat National High School of
Pinukpuk Kalinga. The school consists of 6 teachers in the Senior
High School Department and 10 teachers in the Junior Department
Headed by Ma’am Aida D. Verdillo, the School Principal. The
researchers interviewed the respondent along with a questionnaire
especially Ma’am Aida D. Verdillo, some Faculty members, and
students, to identify the existing process and major problems
encountered in their school. The researchers agreed to upgrade or
by creating a new highly Information of Student System that would
benefit the school in the long run.
Data Gathering Techniques

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For the fulfillment of the research of the proposed system,
the researchers use different techniques to gather data to use as
a basis for the conduct of the proposed system such as the ff:
Interview. The researchers interviewed the principal of the
MNHS, Ma’am Aida D. Verdillo, and teachers.
This is an appropriate data-gathering tool to determine the
problems and issues being encountered and to know the
requirements of the Information of Students System.
Data Analysis. The researcher floats a questionnaire and all
the data that will be gathered from the respondents will be
collected and systematically be tabulated. Quantifiable data will
be translated into descriptive statistical values, which will
serve as the basis for drawing interpretations and conclusions.
Bibliotic Research. To gather more ideas for the scheme, the
researchers visited the library, and past research, and browse
the internet for additional information.
Observation. Observation was conducted to know how the
existing system works, the researchers observe problems
encountered like loss of records, damaged records, unsolicited
documents, and human error.
Sources of Data
For the development of the proposed system, researchers
gathered all the important data from different sources, the

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primary source data is from Malagnat National High School
respondents.
The secondary source we’re gathered from the unpublished and
published research studies of the students which are easily
accessible via the web or at the library. Other sources of data
were also gathered from the result of the interview,
questionnaire, review of pertinent documents, and observation.

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Chapter 4
PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION, AND FINDINGS
This chapter presents the findings of the study. Findings
were presented according to the problems in this study.
Narrative Description of the Existing system
This section discusses in detail the processes and data in
the existing student information system of Malagnat National High
school.
The process starts when the students fill up and submit
their personal data form upon enrolment and the Principal
consolidates all of it and stores it in the storage cabinets for
encoding Learning Information System.
The School Principal manually prepares and assigns advisory
classes to teachers and distributes their teaching workload and
keeps a copy of it for encoding to the LIS. Also, the Principal
annually prepares the student moving-up list.
The Teachers receive their teaching load given by the School
Principal and check the schedule of the subjects enrolled by the

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students. They will also receive their advisory class with their
primary information.
The teachers manually check the attendance of each student
before and after each class which consumes the time and effort
that should be used in teaching the lessons. The teachers record
the quarterly grades of his/her students on students’ report
cards at the end of each grading quarter and distributes them to
the students for them to see their academic performance, however,
sometimes the students will be misplaced and lost their report
cards. It will be a waste of resources and time to make a second
of it again.
The Principal announces school activity schedules such as
intramurals, nutrition day and etc. after the flag ceremony
however some of the teachers or students might not be present at
that time.
When the students or teachers needed to view or update
students’ records such as their grades and personal information,
the teachers or school principal need to search the multiple
cabinets of students’ records which are time-consuming and some
of the students have multiple and inconsistent records which
affects the reliability of the school’s record.
The input, and process output of the existing system is
shown in figure 2.0.

34
Input PROCESS OUTPUT
Student Generate
Information reports such
Section/Classes Manual process
of: as:
Events and Student
activities Attendance
Student’s Checking of List of
quarterly Students Activities and
Grades attendance Events
Recording and Student list per
Retrieving section
Student Student’s
Information Academic
Creating/ Information
Organizing of Student’s moving
every up list
activities/
event
Creating
Teachers Class &
Advisory class
Records
quarterly grades
35
STORAGE
Filing
Cabinet
Figure 3. IPO of the existing system
Problems Encountered in the Existing System
The following are the Problems encountered in the Existing
Student Information System of Malagnat National High School.
1. Time-Consuming. It is time-consuming to retrieve student
records and information because it takes effort to search in
the school record cabinets. Also, it consumes a lot of time
and many students to be checked by subject, who requires
rechecking by the teacher and sometimes leads to inexistence
attendance by students, in addition, the attendance sheet
that is used sometimes is misplaced.
2. Outdated information. The students were filled up upon
enrolment and stays like that for the whole year. However,
from time to time students’ information needs updates.
3. Inaccurate Record because of Human error. This can cause of
lack of accuracy in checking attendance, sometimes they will
forget to put the date.

36
4. Unsecured Records because of Misplaced records. There is a
risk that teachers or students might misplaced records such
as report cards.
Cause and Effect Diagram of the Existing System
Cause-and-Effect Diagram graphically illustrates the
relationship between a given outcome and all the factors that
influence the outcome.
Method People
Checking Teacher/
student Students
attendance
Time Time
Consuming Student
Information
Incosistencies
Retrieving
Information Inaccurate
Class
Attendance
System
Computer Paper
Absence of
Online Redundant
Students Records
Information
System
Machine Material
37
Figure 4. Ishikawa of the Existing System
THE PROPOSED SYSTEM
Narrative description of the Proposed System
The proposed system aims to design and develop an Online
Student Information System for Malagnat National High School. The
proposed system will have the features Teacher Management,
Adviser Management, Section Management, Subject Management,
Student Moving-up list, View Student record and Extra Curricular
Activities.
The process starts when the School Principal logins and
exercise his/her privileges to access and explore the different
transaction of the propose system. The Principal can add, edit
and delete a teacher in the Teacher Management. The principal can
also assign teacher as an adviser of a class section in the
Adviser Management. The Principals add, edit and delete sections
in the Section Management. Under the Subject Management the
School Principal can add, edit and delete a subject.

38
The School Principal can also include a section in moving-up
list found in the Student Moving Up-list bar. The School
Principal can also view and update student’s information such as
student’s first name, middle name, last name, contact numbers,
ages, addresses, and contact numbers. The school principal can
also add, edit and delete extracurricular activities and schedule
its date.
On the Teacher’s Account, the teacher can view its schedule
and teachers’ section on the Dashboard Menu. On the My Subjects
Menu, the teacher can view its class load, view and record
student attendance, and record quarterly grades. On the Advisory
Management Menu, the Teacher will be able to create and update
student information. It can also select a student eligible for
moving up.
The student accounts will be able to view his/her grades
quarterly and the uploaded school events and announcements.
The proposed system generates reports such as Student
Attendance, Student Grades, Teachers load, And Student’s Academic
Information. The system has a feature that when a teacher marks a
student absent their parents will be able to receive a message on
their phones (SMS) informing them that their child did not attend
that certain subject. The system can also generate a list of
students who are eligible to level up every end of the school

39
year and shows the student who is not eligible and their lacking
requirements.
Input PROCESS OUTPUT
Generate reports
Student such as:
Information Student
Section/Classes Attendance
Events and AUTOMATED List of
activities PROCESS USING Activities and
Student’s THE ONLINE Events
quarterly STUDENT Student list per
Grades INFORMATION section
SYSTEM Student’s
Academic
Information
Student’s moving
up list
STORAGE
OSIS DATABASE
40
Figure 5. IPO of the Proposed System
Log In
Manage User accounts
Manage Student’s
Information
Check Student’s
Attendance
Create and update

events & activities
for the school.
Add & edit quarterly

grades
Adviser/
Teacher
Admin/
Principal Create Teachers Load &
Advisory class
View Quarterly grades
Student
View school events and
announcements
Log Out

41
Figure 6. Use Case Diagram of the Proposed System
Features of the Proposed System
This part of the study specifies the features integrated
into the design and development of the proposed system.
Data Security. The system is protected by a login form,
which is only the School Principal, teachers and registered users
can only access the system. It provides security to ensure that
student information is safe.
User Friendly. The proposed system is designed to provide a
simple and easy accessible function to help the users easily use
and understand the system.
Easy Access. The proposed system provides fast retrieval of
information. It provides a quick display of student information,
grades, and attendance records by just using the search buttons
on the proposed system.
Non-Functional Requirements
42
Non-functional requirements define the overall qualities or
attributes of the system. The system’s non-functional
requirements place restrictions on the product being developed.
It also specifies external constraints that the product must
meet.
Here are some non-functional requirements of the proposed
Online Student Information System of Malagnat National High
School:
Usability. The system is designed in accordance with the
needs of Malagnat National High School.
Maintainability. The system is easy to maintain by its
respective user the administrator can update the user profile;
the users can also update some items that need to be updated like
student information.
Scalability. The system can be improved and upgraded to meet
the demands of the Malagnat National High School.
Testability. The system is tested in the different windows
operating systems like windows 7 and windows 10.

43
Log-in
No
If Yes
password
correct
Manage User View Create and Create

Student’s update View
accounts Quarterly Teachers
Information events & Load &
activities grades
Advisory
for the class
school.
Log-out
Figure 7. School Principal Activity Diagram

44
Log-in
No
If Yes
password
correct
Manage Check Add & Edit View

quarterly View school
Student’s Student’s Quarterly events and
Information Attendance grades
grades announcements
Log-out
Figure 8. Teachers Activity Diagram

45
Log-in
No Yes
If
password
correct
View View school

Quarterly events and
grades announcements
Log-out
Figure 9. Student Activity Diagram

46
Login
Username
password
Data Input
User Account Student

Information
Add Subject and
Edit Schedules
Delete Events and
activities
Student’s
quarterly
Grades
Teachers
teaching load
Reports
Student Attendance
List of Activities
and
Events
Students Grade
Student’s
Information
Teacher’s Teaching
load
Student’s moving up
list
Student’s moving up
list
Figure 10. Class Diagram
47
Figure 11. ERD

48
Acceptance of the System
For testing this system, two testing methods are used. The
testing methods are functionality testing and user acceptance
testing and interpret the data using the Likert scale
questionnaire procedure of Pimentel (2010). 5-point Linkert Scale
Interval (1=1.00-1.50 strongly Disagree), (2= 1.51-2.50
Disagree), (3= 2.51-3.50 neutral),(4= 3.51-4.50 Agree) and (5=
4.51-5.00 strongly Agree) with a 12 respondent from Malagnat
National High School.
Functionality Testing. The functionality testing for this
system uses four (4) test cases to verify the system’s
functionalities. The summary of the functionality testing is
shown in Table 1.
No. Test Scenario 1 2 3 4 5 Total Mean

1 The system is able to
load fast 0 0 0 10 2 12 4.167
2 SMS notifications have
no significant delay 0 0 0 9 3 12 4.25
3 Uploading or updating
data has no
significant delay 0 0 0 10 2 12 4.167
4 Generating of the
report has no
significant delay 0 0 0 11 1 12 4.083
Average Satisfactory 4.167
Table 1. Result for functionality testing

49
Based on Table 1, four test scenarios are tested to justify
the functionalities of the system. The interpretation of the
responses in the functionality testing survey is shown in the
table the ratings in all the four-items as well as the average
fall under the interval for “agree” based on the Linkert Scale
questionnaire interpretation procedure of Pimintel J.L (2010).
This shows that majority of the respondents that they are
satisfied with the functionality of the system as indicated by
the average of satisfaction 4.167.
User Acceptance Testing. The user acceptance testing for
this project involves 12 volunteer testers or respondents that
test all the project’s critical functions. The result from the
five respondents obtained is summarized in Table 2.
No. Test Scenario 1 2 3 4 5 Total Mean

1 The system is user
friendly and not
confusing 0 0 0 10 2 12 4.167
2 SMS notifications are
received 0 0 0 9 3 12 4.25
3 System is provides the
needed output/reports
expected on it
0 0 0 10 2 12 4.167
4 The system provides
easy retrieval
students records 0 0 0 11 1 12 4.083
5. The system provides
updated and accurate
data/ records/reports 0 0 0 9 3 12 4.25
Average Satisfactory 4.183
50
Table 2. Result of user acceptance testing from twelve

respondents
Based on Table 2, there are four acceptance requirements that
are evaluated by the 12 respondents. The acceptance requirements
are determined by the respondents and researchers when they use
the system. The respondents can choose the Likert scale to accept
or reject for each acceptance requirement based on their
experience and observations when using the system. From Table 2,
all the twelve respondents accepted every acceptance requirement
as shown on the table with an average satisfaction of 4.042 which
fall under the category of “Agree” from the Linkert Scale
questionnaire interpretation procedure of Pimintel J.L (2010).
Therefore, the system is accepted by users with the acceptance
requirements are fulfilled by the system.

51
Chapter 5
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
This chapter presents the summary, conclusions, and
recommendations of the proposed study.
The researchers developed the Student Information System to
help the school in achieving a more systematic and updated
student record to provide better services to their students.
Thus, this developed system records, compile, and check the
student information, attendance, and grades and manage teachers’
load, advisory class, classes, and subjects and keep the records
of events and activities in a more systematic compilation for
better updating and retrieving of data.
The Malagnat National High School in Pinukpuk is currently
using the traditional way of recording and managing student
records. Hence, the development of this study is to minimize the
problems encountered. Moreover, this study provides great help to
the different participants of the Student Information System.

52
1. What are the process of existing Student Information System
of Malagnat National High school?
2. What are the problem and issues encountered in the existing
system of the school?
3. What system can be developed to address the problem with
the existing system?
4. What is the level of acceptance of the system?
Conclusion
Based on the findings of the study, the following
conclusions were drawn:
The process of the existing Student Information System of
Malagnat National High school are the following:
The School Principal manually prepares and assigns advisory
classes to teachers and distributes their teaching workload
The Teachers receive their teaching load given by the School
Principal and check the schedule of the subjects enrolled by the
students. The teachers manually check the attendance of each
student before and after each class. The teachers record the
quarterly grades of his/her students on student report cards at
the end of each grading quarter.
The problem and issues encountered in the existing system of
the school are as follows:

53
1. Time-Consuming.
2. Outdated information.
3. Inaccurate Record because of Human error
4. Misplaced Records
The system that can be developed to address the problem of the
existing system is the Student Information System of Malagnat
National High School which has the following features:
1. Data Security. The system is protected by a login form,
which is only the School Principal, teachers and
registered users can only access the system. It provides
security to ensure that student information is safe.
2. User Friendly. The proposed system is designed to
provide a simple and easy access function to help the
users easily use and understand the system.
3. Easy Access. The proposed system provides fast retrieval
of information. It provides a quick display of student
information, grades, and attendance records by just
using the search buttons on the proposed system.
The system meets the expected functionality that the system
can provide. The functionality of the system achieved the
requirements smoothly as well as the acceptance of the user from
its processes of the Malagnat National High School.

54
Recommendation
1. The researchers recommend that Malagnat National High School
should implement the proposed system to address the problems
in the existing system.
2. The Principal, teachers, parents, and students should have a
proper orientation on the use of the system is implemented.
3. Malagnat National High School must have personnel who can
maintain the system.
4. Further studies for the improvement of the proposed system
are encouraged.
55
REFERENCES
 Ahmed Al-Hunaiyyan, Rana Alhajri, Bareeq Alghannam, Abdullah

Al-Shaher (2017). “Student Information System:
Investigating User Experience (UX)” Retrieved from
https://thesai.org/Downloads/Volume12No2/Paper_10Studen
t_Information_System.pdf
 Alshareef, A.M., Alkilany, A.A., Alweshah, M., & Abu Bakar,
A. (2015).Toward a student information system for Sebha
University,
Libya Fifth International Conference on the Innovative
Computing Technology (INTECH 2015), 34-39.
 ARIEL O. GAMAO, Ph.D. in Educational Management graduate,
Doctor in Information Technology (2017)
research data analysis DOl:10.18502/kss.v3i6.2378
 “Computerized Student Information System Capstone Project

Document” (2018)
Retrieved from https://capstoneguide.com/computerized-
student-information-system-capstone-project-document/
 Dionel Dumaliang (2019). “Student Information System-
Benguet State University” Retrieve from
https://www.academia.edu/34260605/Student_Information_S
ystem_3278http://www.ijmlc.org/vol5/534-C0010.pdf
 Janhavi Bhalerao, Ratna Kendhe, Lahar Mishra Volume 5, Issue
10, October 2015 Edition".
56
Techniques for Web Usage Mining - published at:

"International Journal of Scientific and Research
Publications (IJSRP).
 Lahar Mishra, Ratna Kendhe, Janhavi Bhalerao (2019). “Review
on Management Information Systems (MIS) and its Role in
Decision Making”
Retrieved from http://www.ijsrp.org/research-paper-
1015/ijsrp-p4671.pdf
 Melda Manuhutu, Lulu Uktolseja and Sherly Gaspersz (2018).

“Academic Information System for Student (Case Study:
Victory University of Sorong)”
Retrieved at
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329362873_Acad
emic_Information_System_for_Student_Case_Study_Victory_
University_of_Sorong
 Murugan, M.G. (2020). Student Information System.
International Journal for Research in Applied Science
and Engineering Technology, 8, 9-11.
 Pimintel J.L (2010). A note on the usage of Likert Scaling
for research data analysis:
USM R & D 18(2): 109-112 (2010) ISSN 0302-7937.
 Sean M. Motta (2017). ”Design of a Comprehensive Student
Information System (SIS) and User Interface for the Honors
College at USF”.
Outstanding Honors Theses. 43.Retrieved at
https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/honors_et/43
57
 Teresita P. Gepuit, Alberto M. Saracanlao, Chona N. Sarsona,
Marlo S.Tayona, Jammar Silva, and Mark Diaz(2021). “WEB
BASED STUDENT INFORMATION SYSTEM”
Retrieved from https://acasestudy.com/student-
information-system-2/
Appendices D
Screen Shots
58
This is the log in form which the users log in the user name
and password using Php.
This shows the list of extra-curricular activities.

59
This shows how to add new students.
This shows the list of students who enrolled.

60
This shows the list of Instructors.
This shows how to input grades in each subject.

61
This shows how to add new subject.
This shows up to add school year.

62
This shows how to add section in each Advisory Teacher.
This shows the list of teachers account or user.

63
This shows the list of students per section.
This shows how teacher get a student from moving up.

64
This shows how to record students attendance.
This shows student academic records.

65
APPENDICES E
Users Manual
Installation
Step 1. Install your web server on your local computer in the

system we used XAMPP. Open installer and continue the process.
66
Step 2. Copy the file of the XAMPP to htdocs then extract the
files.
67
Step 3. After extracting the file open the XAMPP then install.
68
Step 4. Open the Xampp and start the apached and my sql to start
the program.
Step 5. Your local web server pop out and click the apache
69
module and mysql module.

70
Step 6. Then , just click the mysl module button or open your
browser and search for “localhost”
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
APPENDICES F
Curriculum Vitae
ANGELICA O. ACEBES
Email: aacebes05@gmail.com
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Birth Date : March 23,1999
Birth Place : Bulanao, Tabuk City, Kalinga
Gender : Female
Civil Status : Single
Nationality : Filipino
Dialect Spoken : English, Filipino, Ilocano
Fathers Name : Ariel Acebes
Mothers Name : Liza Acebes
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Tertiary : 2022 – Present

: Kalinga State University
: Bachelor of Science in Information Technology
: Bulanao, Tabuk City, Kalinga
Secondary : 2016-2018
: Saint Tonis College Inc.
Elementary : 2006 – 2012

: Bulanao Central School
78
CHRISTOPHER D. AMPOC
Aciga, Pinukpuk, Kalinga
Email: christopherampoc@gmail.com
Birth Date : December,20 1997
Birth Place : Aciga, Pinukpuk, Kalinga
Gender : Male
Fathers Name : Micheil T Ampoc
Mothers Name : Florida D Ampoc

: Saint Theresita’s High School of Pinukpuk
: Junction, Pinukpuk, Kalinga
Elementary : 2003-2009
: Aciga, Elementary, School
: Aciga, Pinukpuk, Kalinga
79
MELCHOR I. SANGDAAN
Sacpil, Conner, Apayao
Email: misangdaan11@gmail.com
Birth Date : March,11 1999
Birth Place : Sacpil, Conner, Apayao
Gender : Male
Fathers Name : Reynante d. Sangdaan
Mothers Name : Gloria E. Sangdaan

: St.William’s Academy
: Bulanao Tabuk City Kalinga
Elementary : 2006-2012
: Sacpil Elementary School
: Sacpil Conner Apayao

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Kalinga State University

Bulanao, Tabuk City, Kalinga

Background of the Study

The unprecedented growth of information and communication

technologies (ICT) driven by microelectronics, computer hardware,

and software systems has influenced all facets of computing

applications across organizations. Technology has impacted almost

every aspect of life today, and education is no exception. Or is

for many years.

Technology can be a powerful tool for transforming learning.

It can help affirm and advance relationships between educators

and students, reinvent our approaches to learning and

collaboration, shrink long-standing equity and accessibility

gaps, and adapt learning experiences to meet the needs of all

Student Information System (SIS) assists the institutions to

manage every single detail of students in a holistic, organized,

and cost-effective way. Education ERP completely and efficiently

eliminates the need for faculty members to spend a considerable

amount of time compiling student data. Thereby assisting the

faculty members in channelizing their concentration on the

students and their performance enhancement.

Student information system has gained huge popularity in the

educational sector because of their unique characteristics which

have helped countless schools and higher educational institutes

immensely. Right from maintaining and updating student data with

proficiency to analyzing and creating reports, the education

management software has helped substantially (Gagliordi, Natalie,

A Student Information System (SIS), student management

system, school administration software, or student administration

system is a management information system for education

establishments used to manage student data. Student information

systems provide capabilities for registering students in courses;

documenting grading, transcripts of academic achievement and co-

curricular activities, and the results of student assessment

scores; forming student schedules; tracking student attendance;

and managing other student-related data needs in an educational

According to Tobias (2018), An Online Student Information

System, or OSIS, is a web-based platform that helps schools take

data online for easier management and better clarity. That's at

online so that it can be easily accessed by teachers, parents,

students, and administrators. That includes records of tests,

attendance, and appraisal performance. Essentially, an OSIS

place so that it's easy to keep track of progress and

performance. With this advantage and benefits of the Online

Student Information System and intuitive user interface with

pioneering features, it can maximize the automation of school

management. Smart management of student and staff data makes

organized schedules, stress-free and easy to manage data. Yes,

enhancing the efficiency of school administration and managing

student data is effortless with the Online Student Information

System. This system can be customized to include a whole range

of activities. It can be easily accessed anytime. Schools can

run the Online Student Information System on minimal hardware

affordably and gain a competitive advantage by exploiting the

latest in technology to stay ahead of the competition.

The Malagnat National High School currently uses the

traditional paper and pen in recording and updating the student’s

information, grades, and absences and stores it in folders and

cabinets. The students fill up forms upon enrolment that contains

their basic information. These forms are consolidated by the

school administrator and stored in school cabinets for encoding

in the LIS. The school administrator designates advisers for each

class section and prepares teachers’ load. The Teachers are