Experimental Techniques and Methods (I)

Report 1

Tannaz Hadizadeh Assar

Zahraa Hammoud

Submitted to Professor Sabine Rolland Du Roscoat

Applied Mechanic – Master 1

21/11/2022
 1. Purpose

The purpose of this experiment is to perform a tensile test in order to find Young Modulus in

different samples (printing paper, tissue paper, cross-dimension, and meshing-dimension).

Introduction

We insert the sample between parts A & B highlighted in the figure below and we ensure that the

parts are fixed (so the sample is secure and will not slide). We measure the sample’s initial

length, and we proceed to perform the tensile test via the software.

Figure 1. Tensile test instrument

After performing the tensile test and extracting the data via excel files, we calculate the stress

(force/area) and the strain (Displacement/initial length) for every value of the data. Then, we plot

a graph for the stress as a function of the strain. We take the linear part of the graph and plot a
trendline of form y = ax + b. The “a” in this equation (the slope) is the Young Modulus for the

corresponding sample.

Results obtained

Printing paper cross-dimension:

Stress = Force/Area = Force/(width*thickness) = Force/(0.01 m * 10-4) = Force * 109 N/m^2

Initial length (mm) Strain Velocity (mm/min) Young Modulus

(N/m^2)
83 Displacement/83 10 5*10^8
87 Displacement/87 10 7*10^8
20 Displacement/20 10 119312
78 Displacement/78 2 8338.2

Printing paper meshing-dimension:

Initial length (mm) Strain Velocity (mm/min) Young Modulus

(N/m^2)
67 Displacement/67 10 123814
76 Displacement/76 10 140645
79 Displacement/79 10 117325
72 Displacement/72 2 9754.4

Tissue paper cross-dimension:

Initial length (mm) Strain Velocity (mm/min) Young Modulus

(N/m^2)
85 Displacement/85 10 2193
77 Displacement/77 10 2431.6
Tissue paper meshing-dimension:

Initial length (mm) Strain Velocity (mm/min) Young modulus

(N/m^2)
68 Displacement/68 10 5664
67 Displacement/67 10 2608.5
21 Displacement/21 2 71189.9

Comparison

We notice that the Young modulus values for the printing paper samples are generally much

greater than those for the tissue paper samples. We also note a decrease in the Young Modulus

for the printing paper samples when we decrease the velocity from 10 mm/min to 2 mm/min.

The cross-dimension printing paper samples yielded generally greater Young Modulus values in

comparison to the meshing-dimension printing paper samples, while the cross-dimension tissue

paper samples yielded generally smaller Young Modulus values in comparison to the meshing-

dimension tissue paper samples.

The last meshing-dimension tissue paper sample has two drastically different variables than the

other samples (a much smaller initial length and a much smaller speed), which makes it useless

for comparison purposes because we have no indicator of which variable is causing the change in

the Young Modulus (in this case, the Young Modulus was much greater than the other samples).
 2. Solving Exercise 3

Preliminary question

a. A strain gauge is a device used to measure strain on an object. It works on the principal

of change of resistance. When a force is applied, a strain gauge is used as a sensor for

measuring variations in resistance, then converting those changes in electrical resistance

into measurements.

b. Shape of Wheatstone bridge

= = (1)

= + → = (2)
+

= (3)
+

Combining (1),(2),(3) → = ( )( )
(4)

Particular Case (Balance Bridge):

1
= (5)
4
Particular Case (for Unbalance Bridge):

1 ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
= − + − (6)
4

Problem

a. Equation 6 is work for it.

1 ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
= − + −
4
∆
b. = =

And from above equation we can find∆ .

∆ =

According to problem information: K=2, E = 2e+105 N/mm2, R = 100Ω, σ = 10-4 E.

2 ∗ 100 ∗ 10
∆ = = 0.02 Ω

c. Because we are using a full Wheatstone bridge, the variations on the resistances of the

gauges on opposite extremities will have a sum of 0(ΔR+ɛ and ΔR-ɛ ) thus the end

results will be the same, indicating that this strain gauge arrangement allows the correct

measurement of non-axial stresses.