SOLID MECHANICS

FIRST EXAM - 6TH OCTOBER 2021 - 2H

EXERCISE - 1 (7 points)
The motion of a material body in an orthonormal basis (O, e1 , e2 , e3 ) is
described by the following mapping:
x1 = X1 + X2 cos(ωt), x2 = X2 cos(ωt), x3 = X3
where (x1 , x2 , x3 ) is the current position of a point labelled by (X1 , X2 ,
X3 ) in the reference configuration.
(a1 ) Determine the displacement vector u in the Lagrangian description.
(a2 ) Determine the velocity v in both the Lagrangian and Eulerian de-
scriptions.
(a3 ) Determine the acceleration a in both the Lagrangian and Eulerian
descriptions.
(a4 ) Suppose that the temperature field in the continuum is given in the
Eulerian description by:
θ(x, t) = (x1 − 2x2 + 3x3 )cos(ωt)
Determine the time derivative of the temperature in the Eulerian
description.
(a4 ) Suppose that ta vector field in the continuum is given in the Eulerian
description by:
k(x, t) = x1 t2 e1 − 2x2 te2 + 3x3 e3
Determine the time derivative of this vector field in the Eulerian
description only using the definition of the material time derivative.
(a5 ) Determine the velocity gradient tensor L. Determine the strain rate
and the spin tensors: D and W. Is the motion irrotational?

EXERCISE - 2 (5 points)
Let the deformation of a unit cube of material defined by the following
displacement field:
u1 = 2aX1 − aX2 , u2 = 3aX1 + 2aX2 , u3 = 0
where a = 10−3 .
(a1 ) Determine the strain tensor ε and the rotation tensor ω.
(a2 ) Under which condition the deformation is isochoric (there is no vol-
ume variation)
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2 FIRST EXAM - 6TH OCTOBER 2021 - 2H

(a3 ) Determine the 3 principal strains, noted ε1 , ε2 , ε3 with ε1 > ε2 > ε3

and the corresponding principal directions.
(a4 ) Draw the 3 Mohr’s circles and determine the maximal shear strain.
(a5 ) Determine the length change of the vector OB.

Figure 1. Unit cube occupied by a body in its reference configuration.

EXERCISE - 3 (8 points)
The motion of a material body in an orthonormal basis (O, e1 , e2 , e3 ) is
described by the following displacement field:
u1 = k1 x1 + 2α(1 + k2 )x2
u2 = k2 x2 + 2α(1 + k1 )x1
u3 = k3 x3
where (x1 , x2 , x3 ) is the current position M, and the constants k1 , k2 , k3 and
α are positive.
(a1 ) Determine the strain tensor ε.
(a2 ) Is the deformation homogeneous? or heterogeneous? Justify your
answer.
(a4 3) Find the relationship between the constants k1 , k2 , k3 and α for this
deformation to be isochoric (no volume variation).
(a5 ) In 2D, we consider a square (A0 , B0 , C0 , D0 ) (A0 (0, 0), B0 (0, 1), C0 (1, 1),
D0 (1, 0)). Sketch the deformed shape (A, B, C, D) of this square in
the plane (e1 , e2 ).
(a6 ) Determine the length change of the vector A0 C0 .
(a7 ) We note Θ the angle between A0 B0 and A0 C0 . Determine the
deformed angle θ between AB and AC
(a8 ) We suppose that k1 = k2 = k3 = k. Determine the 3 principal
strains, noted ε1 , ε2 , ε3 with ε1 > ε2 > ε3
(a9 ) Draw the 3 Mohr’s circles and determine the maximal shear strain.