Fitting of a straight line

x y
2 10
4 14
6 19
8 25
10 31
12 36

FITTING OF A STRAIGHT LINE

40

35 f(x) = 2.67142857142857 x + 3.8

30

25

20
y

15

10

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

Equation for straight line is y=3.8+2.6714t

 Fitting of second degree parabola
x y
0 1
1 5
2 8
3 15
4 28

FITTING OF SECOND DEGREE PARABOLA

30

f(x) = 1.57142857142857 x² + 0.114285714285721 x + 1.74285714285713

25

20

15
y

10

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5

Equation for second degree parabola is y=1.5714t^2+0.1143t+1.7429

 Fitting of a power curve
x y
1 1200
2 900
3 600
4 200
5 110
6 50

FITTING OF POWER CURVE

1400
f(x) = 2033.96602347651 x^-1.74886698656402

1200

1000

800
y

600

400

200

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Equation for power curve is y = 2034t1.749

 Fitting of exponential curve
x y
2 10
4 14
6 19
8 25
10 31
12 36

FITTING OF EXPONENTIAL CURVE

40
f(x) = 8.28147416528231 exp( 0.129484224251739 x )
35

30

25

20
y

15

10

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

Equation for exponential curve is y = 8.2815e0.1295t

 Moving average

Years Agricultural production    

1985 25 #N/A  

1986 28 #N/A  

1987 32 32.2 -0.2

1988 36 32.2 3.8

1989 40 32.4 7.6

1990 25 34.4 -9.4

1991 29 38 -9

1992 42 40 2

1993 54 44.2 9.8

1994 50 47.2 2.8

1995 46 50.4 -4.4

1996 44 52 -8

1997 58 53.2 4.8

1998 62 56 6

1999 56 #N/A  

2000 60 #N/A  

Moving Average
70

60

50
Agricultural production

40
Actual
Forecast
30

20

10
 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Years

Ratio to moving averages

Yearly
moving Centered Centered moving
Years Quarters yt average values average Ratio to moving averages
1980 Q1 75 #N/A      
  Q2 60 62      
  Q3 54 64.75 126.75 63.375 85.20710059
  Q4 59 66 130.75 65.375 90.24856597
1981 Q1 86 68.25 134.25 67.125 128.1191806
  Q2 65 73.5 141.75 70.875 91.71075838
  Q3 63 74.5 148 74 85.13513514
  Q4 80 76.25 150.75 75.375 106.1359867
1982 Q1 90 77 153.25 76.625 117.4551387
  Q2 72 78.25 155.25 77.625 92.75362319
  Q3 66 80.75 159 79.5 83.01886792
  Q4 85 82.25 163 81.5 104.2944785
1983 Q1 100 83.75 166 83 120.4819277
  Q2 78 85.75 169.5 84.75 92.03539823
  Q3 72 #N/A      
  Q4 93 #N/A      
 Moving Average
120

100

80

Actual
60
Forecast
yt

40

20

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Years

Years I II III IV Total

1980 _ _ 85.2071 90.2485  

 1981 128.1191 91.7107 85.1351 106.1359  

1982 117.4551 92.7536 83.0188 104.2944  

1983 120.4819 92.0353 _ _  

Average Seasonal Indices 122.0187 92.16653 84.45367 100.2263 398.8652

Adjusted Seasonal Indices 123.0215 93.16938 85.45651 101.2291 399.868

correction factor = 1.002845

Ratio to Trend

Yearly trend values

Years I II III IV Average (y) Ut(x) trend values

1999 30 40 36 34 35 -2 32

2000 34 52 50 44 45 -1 44

2001 40 58 54 48 50 0 56

2002 54 76 68 62 65 1 68

2003 80 92 86 82 85 2 80

Total         280   280

a= 56

b= 12
The required equation is y=56+12t
 Yearly intercept is 12

Quarterly intercept is 3

Quarterly trend values

Years I II III IV

1999 27.5 30.5 33.5 36.5

2000 39.5 42.5 45.5 48.5

2001 51.5 54.5 57.5 60.5

2002 63.5 66.5 69.5 72.5

2003 75.5 78.5 81.5 84.5

Trend eliminated values

Years I II III IV Total

1999 109.0909 131.1475 107.4627 93.15068  

 2000 86.07595 122.3529 109.8901 90.72165  

2001 77.6699 106.422 93.91304 79.33884  

2002 85.03937 114.2857 97.84173 89.65517  

2003 105.9603 117.1975 105.5215 97.04142  

Average (S.I)values 92.76728 118.2811 102.9258 89.98155 403.9558

Adjusted (S.I)values 91.77707 117.2909 101.9356 88.99135 399.9949

Corrected factor= 0.990207

Link relative

(Given data )

Years I II III IV

1979 30 26 22 31

1980 35 28 22 36

1981 31 29 28 32

1982 31 31 25 35

1983 34 36 26 33

Years I II III IV Total

1979 0 86.66667 84.61538 140.9091  

1980 112.9032 80 78.57143 163.6364  

1981 86.11111 93.54839 96.55172 114.2857  

1982 96.875 100 80.64516 140  

1983 97.14286 105.8824 72.22222 126.9231  

 Average of link relative 98.25805 93.21948 82.52118 137.1508 411.1496

Chain relative(C.R) 100 93.21948 76.92582 105.5044 375.6497

Adjusted C.R 103.6666 92.30284 75.09253 102.7545 373.8164

Seasonal indices 110.9278 98.76809 80.35231 109.9518 400

d=0.916645

Adjusted C.R (x) =93.45411

Control chart for Mean and Range

Sample.no x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 Mean Max Min Range

1 42 65 75 78 87 69.4 87 42 45
2 42 45 68 72 90 63.4 90 42 48
3 19 24 80 81 81 57 81 19 62
4 36 54 69 77 84 64 84 36 48
5 42 51 57 59 78 57.4 78 42 36
6 51 74 75 78 132 82 132 51 81
7 60 60 72 95 138 85 138 60 78
8 18 20 27 42 60 33.4 60 18 42
9 15 30 39 62 84 46 84 15 69
10 69 109 113 118 153 112.4 153 69 84
11 64 90 93 109 112 93.6 112 64 48
12 61 78 94 109 136 95.6 136 61 75
          Total= 859.2     716
x double bar= 71.6 R bar= 59.66667

A2= 0.58
D4= 2.11
D3= 0

Mean chart

Sample.no Mean UCL CL LCL

1 69.4 106.2067 71.6 36.9933
2 63.4 106.2067 71.6 36.9933
3 57 106.2067 71.6 36.9933
4 64 106.2067 71.6 36.9933
5 57.4 106.2067 71.6 36.9933
6 82 106.2067 71.6 36.9933
7 85 106.2067 71.6 36.9933
8 33.4 106.2067 71.6 36.9933
9 46 106.2067 71.6 36.9933
10 112.4 106.2067 71.6 36.9933
11 93.6 106.2067 71.6 36.9933
12 95.6 106.2067 71.6 36.9933
 MEAN CHART
120

100
SAMPLE OBSERVATIONS

80

60

40

20

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

SAMPLE .NO

Mean UCL CL LCL

Range chart

Sample.no Range UCL CL LCL

1 45 125.8967 59.6666 0
2 48 125.8967 59.6666 0
3 62 125.8967 59.6666 0
4 48 125.8967 59.6666 0
5 36 125.8967 59.6666 0
6 81 125.8967 59.6666 0
7 78 125.8967 59.6666 0
8 42 125.8967 59.6666 0
9 69 125.8967 59.6666 0
10 84 125.8967 59.6666 0
11 48 125.8967 59.6666 0
12 75 125.8967 59.6666 0
 RANGE CHART
140

120

100
SAMPLE OBSERVATIONS

80

60

40

20

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

SAMPLE.NO

Range UCL CL LCL

Control chart for Mean and Standard deviations

Standard
Sample.no x1 x2 x3 x4 Mean Max Min Range deviation

1 1081 363 1092 1385 980.25 1385 363 1022 376.6493

2 528 330 1053 714 656.25 1053 330 723 266.2859

3 984 1384 1194 456 1004.5 1384 456 928 346.844

4 729 972 647 792 785 972 647 325 119.5805

5 809 845 1132 1024 952.5 1132 809 323 131.7962

6 1002 804 706 1035 886.75 1035 706 329 136.7285

7 994 1023 1136 842 998.75 1136 842 294 104.9032

8 616 832 497 692 659.25 832 497 335 121.5635

9 982 1342 1132 945 1100.25 1342 945 397 156.1544

 10 1132 998 554 777 865.25 1132 554 578 219.9106

11 1134 1140 756 994 1006 1140 756 384 155.7113

12 749 948 1050 857 901 1050 749 301 111.1868

        Total 10795.75     5939  

x double
A2= 0.42 bar= 899.6458

D4= 2.11
D3= 0 R bar= 494.9167
B4= 2.266
B3= 0 S bar= 9.265565

Mean Chart

Sample.no Mean UCL CL LCL

1 980.25 1107.511 89.6458 691.7808
2 656.25 1107.511 89.6458 691.7808
3 1004.5 1107.511 89.6458 691.7808
4 785 1107.511 89.6458 691.7808
5 952.5 1107.511 89.6458 691.7808
6 886.75 1107.511 89.6458 691.7808
7 998.75 1107.511 89.6458 691.7808
8 659.25 1107.511 89.6458 691.7808
9 1100.25 1107.511 89.6458 691.7808
10 865.25 1107.511 89.6458 691.7808
11 1006 1107.511 89.6458 691.7808
12 901 1107.511 89.6458 691.7808
 MEAN CHART
1200

1000
SAMPLE OBSERVATIONS

800

600

400

200

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

SAMPLE.NO

Mean UCL CL LCL

S (standard deviation ) Chart

Standard
Sample.no deviation UCL CL LCL
1 376.6493 20.99577 9.265565 0
2 266.2859 20.99577 9.265565 0
3 346.844 20.99577 9.265565 0
4 119.5805 20.99577 9.265565 0
5 131.7962 20.99577 9.265565 0
6 136.7285 20.99577 9.265565 0
7 104.9032 20.99577 9.265565 0
8 121.5635 20.99577 9.265565 0
9 156.1544 20.99577 9.265565 0
10 219.9106 20.99577 9.265565 0
11 155.7113 20.99577 9.265565 0
12 111.1865 20.99577 9.265565 0
 STANDARD DEVIATION (S)
400

350

300
SAMPLE OBSERVATIONS

250

200

150

100

50

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

SAMPLE.NO

Standard deviation UCL CL LCL

p-Chart

Lot .no No.of defectives pi UCL CL LCL

1 325 0.144444 0.160129 0.138926 0.116463
2 350 0.155556 0.160129 0.138926 0.116463
3 225 0.1 0.160129 0.138926 0.116463
4 310 0.137778 0.160129 0.138926 0.116463
5 278 0.123556 0.160129 0.138926 0.116463
6 343 0.152444 0.160129 0.138926 0.116463
7 292 0.129778 0.160129 0.138926 0.116463
8 309 0.137333 0.160129 0.138926 0.116463
9 324 0.144 0.160129 0.138926 0.116463
10 410 0.182222 0.160129 0.138926 0.116463
11 349 0.155111 0.160129 0.138926 0.116463
12 379 0.168444 0.160129 0.138926 0.116463
13 225 0.1 0.160129 0.138926 0.116463
14 355 0.157778 0.160129 0.138926 0.116463
15 149 0.066222 0.160129 0.138926 0.116463
16 410 0.182222 0.160129 0.138926 0.116463
 17 193 0.085778 0.160129 0.138926 0.116463
18 324 0.144 0.160129 0.138926 0.116463
19 281 0.124889 0.160129 0.138926 0.116463
20 33 0.014667 0.160129 0.138926 0.116463
21 454 0.201778 0.160129 0.138926 0.116463
22 410 0.182222 0.160129 0.138926 0.116463
23 326 0.144889 0.160129 0.138926 0.116463
24 414 0.184 0.160129 0.138926 0.116463
  Total= 3.319111      

ni= 2250

p-bar= 0.138296

UCL= 0.160129

CL= 0.138296

LCL= 0.116463
 p-Chart
0.25

0.2

0.15
pi

0.1

0.05

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30

LOT.NO

pi UCL CL LCL

p- Chart for varying samples

no.of
defective
lot.no size of lot s pi=di-ni UCL CL LCL
0.12661
1 1450 93 0.0641 6 0.1027 0.078784
0.13314
2 895 65 0.0726 1 0.1027 0.072259
 0.13067
3 1060 103 0.0972 2 0.1027 0.074728
0.12771
4 1325 124 0.0936 9 0.1027 0.077681
0.12661
5 1450 175 0.1207 6 0.1027 0.078784
0.13201
6 965 126 0.1306 6 0.1027 0.073384
7 1750 147 0.0840 0.12447 0.1027 0.08093
0.12985
8 1125 168 0.1493 2 0.1027 0.075548
0.12754
9 1344 94 0.0699 1 0.1027 0.077859
0.12604
10 1522 125 0.0821 4 0.1027 0.079356
0.12641
11 1475 136 0.0922 3 0.1027 0.078987
0.12532
12 1620 286 0.1765 7 0.1027 0.080073
Total 15981 1642        

p-bar= 0.1027

1-(p-bar) 0.8973

p-Chart for varying samples

0.2

0.18

0.16

0.14

0.12

0.1
pi

0.08

0.06

0.04

0.02

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

lot.no

UCL CL LCL p
nP-Chart for fixed sample
lot.no no.of defectives pi=di/ni UCL CL LCL
1 9 0.045 21.6569 11.7 1.743095
2 7 0.035 21.6569 11.7 1.743095
3 14 0.07 21.6569 11.7 1.743095
4 15 0.075 21.6569 11.7 1.743095
5 8 0.04 21.6569 11.7 1.743095
6 7 0.035 21.6569 11.7 1.743095
7 9 0.045 21.6569 11.7 1.743095
8 11 0.055 21.6569 11.7 1.743095
9 16 0.08 21.6569 11.7 1.743095
10 12 0.06 21.6569 11.7 1.743095
11 20 0.1 21.6569 11.7 1.743095
12 18 0.09 21.6569 11.7 1.743095
13 11 0.055 21.6569 11.7 1.743095
14 8 0.04 21.6569 11.7 1.743095
15 10 0.05 21.6569 11.7 1.743095
16 10 0.05 21.6569 11.7 1.743095
17 15 0.075 21.6569 11.7 1.743095
18 13 0.065 21.6569 11.7 1.743095
19 9 0.045 21.6569 11.7 1.743095
20 12 0.06 21.6569 11.7 1.743095
Total= 234        

k= 20
ni= 200
p-bar= 0.0585
 nP-Chart for fixed samples
25

20
no.of defectives

15

10

0
0 5 10 15 20 25

lot.no

no.of defectives pi=di/ni UCL CL LCL

nP-Chart for varying samples

no.of
lot.no samples no.of defectives ULC CL LCL
1 500 25 62.3089 43.4188 24.5287
2 400 42 51.6309 34.73504 17.8392
3 300 35 40.6835 26.05128 11.4191
4 150 16 23.3722 13.02564 2.6791
5 600 15 72.7956 52.10256 31.4095
6 450 40 56.9976 39.07692 21.1562
7 750 72 88.2638 65.12821 41.9927
8 800 81 93.3644 69.47009 45.5758
9 900 82 103.4976 78.15385 52.8101
10 1000 100 113.5522 86.83761 60.1230
Total 5850 508      

k= 10
p-bar= 0.0868
1-p bar 0.9132
 nP-Chart for varying samples

120

100

80
nof of defectives

60

40

20

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12

lot.no

no.of defectives ULC CL LCL

C-Chart

No.of missing
No.of air crafts rivetts UCL CL LCL
1 7 18 9 0
2 12 18 9 0
3 3 18 9 0
4 20 18 9 0
5 21 18 9 0
6 5 18 9 0
7 4 18 9 0
8 3 18 9 0
9 10 18 9 0
10 8 18 9 0
11 0 18 9 0
12 9 18 9 0
13 6 18 9 0
14 7 18 9 0
15 20 18 9 0
Total 135      

k= 15
c-bar= 9
 C-Chart
25

20
no.of missing rivettes

15

10

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

no.of air crafts

No.of missing rivetts UCL CL LCL

u-Chart

no.of
lot.no lot values defectives ui UCL CL LCL
1 100 15 0.1500 0.1941 0.0994 0.004843
2 120 17 0.1417 0.1858 0.0994 0.013086
3 110 12 0.1091 0.1897 0.0994 0.009246
4 120 16 0.1333 0.1858 0.0994 0.013086
5 130 14 0.1077 0.1824 0.0994 0.016474
6 150 5 0.0333 0.1767 0.0994 0.022204
7 135 14 0.1037 0.1809 0.0994 0.018025
8 125 11 0.0880 0.1841 0.0994 0.014831
9 160 9 0.0563 0.1742 0.0994 0.024656
10 140 10 0.0714 0.1794 0.0994 0.019492
Total 1290 123 0.9945      

k= 10
u- bar= 0.0994
 u-Chart
0.2500

0.2000

0.1500
ui

0.1000

0.0500

0.0000
0 2 4 6 8 10 12

lot.no

ui UCL CL LCL