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Tene bifpersner detuetn Llrehoda porennad Of two Hat Utls ty Called CU polennad. 9+ 14 olifiuance between Hechroole pokrrial CSRP) ag Cathook and ansely : 4 9 fy alo Enawon a4 att shictemabe force Cos EMF) When Mo Ctmenr ty drawn {ram Hee Cabt Guu = Fens — Bats Feu 2 Ecathote ~ & anecty 49, For Pan au 5 Boule E'eutyen ~ 28/2 pis to34 C878) = Il Vat Ty oF Qhetrod 3 . 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Ye | At Cathet aut yf — bg) Net Peach 3 Siis patty Sat men, Gs ese GE ota @ Cr ¢59/ C47? Coro} m) ]] ca?*coroam) /Cdesy ft anoclke ~» (Cres) — Crt + 34-JAL J! At Catredk 3 (cat + 34> — ca) a3 _ anit ies nut RAHN 2 Crea) + 3Cdt> 3 2ew'T + Fed me, C2 001M Ge Oem Spontaneity 6] CLL weschon > Ww. Knazo Heat BeinsFe 04 COU E’cu = E’cathode — Fanode Peet anergy 24 coll (04°) = - NF E’cets : par sponses El ttn DS Prt be negative, o Eee we pantie NP Noes 27 transfered Fo Poredad conptans C96 500 & we approx) | Nur Lauation a Nernst Lute wltedrode polennel a4 Ary Llicirooly wl raspuat to Srarelard hycroyh etre other than standard Condider For sbicdacle yLacnon mae) t neo — Ms) ae = Ee mth - £1 mh Ecm*Yym) Eom*")m) eae ale Ro gas Comar C9519 T etmatt) pa Parackay Canttant (96417 % HSC) as [im] 31 Cuntig) and Ln > 257g WAN, ‘eem*ym) = Bom m) — RT. arser eg, | en*/m) fa Fem] | fer cll yeachen nga ted hash Zn? Cae) t Gacs) 1 ' Buns Bay — WSS RT Ley cont) Cu ae | Com TT ne co J er gue Fru — O3SFAT de fen 4 nF Cary or dag Come of ames] Ccones of Cothede] petting vata a4 FR, TH 298k = pan 0-05, Log ene) & Coe, 2 Feu 7 d Gay or Clotrcke] [GA] > Cooulate He Bm fe oF Fatauiia coor Nits) Ni * Faq) (001) || Ag cay) (0:01.M) / Ages) [glo Wo resenen 9 : Mit 269% —> nit’ + 2 ag, ner Fini {nincoasy Bagtlig= 70-80 — — ba Beate = Feat = 0°05) dag CITI [Peal ” Cag") cau =[e%, ~£5 | = 010F9 by Cie) a C10) Bours (ogo -(-0-25)] - 0103 Lople Baus 1:09 — 0:03 : Eu > |orv Eatliium Constant ran Marit Lauahn 9 For a gervral atectrabemcet yeattion oF the type an + bb PH Ot aD hen eae Can be Lovin oy Feats Brut — VOSRT sag CLO nF cays Ce] or Boll > Brett -— 2903 RT dog Ge nF Qe 7 Reachan Cueto Ae saedliboam Fulls 0 Gem ke ence oe Bruun VsesRT deg nF falls 2303 AT bet Fe nF Feats |. 01053 Ag ke nN t Ag. For Dani cL . o BE’ = 0109 Leg ke 23 nN kez C20], Ap canitrimiom cu™) Sm atcha dt A LS = Cododkate 4re seelilrium comstand ob He Seiten Cues) + 2 Ag*eay) cu Can) + arqes Bulls OCU TSet]> pty = or os Jog ke 2 0-46 n dog kez Oat ve 21 $6 0059 “ kes Artileg CIS SE 3:92. Are [ra)> O47 Siandard chorede patenral or Pane el 14 VV Calculate srandard Cipbs LN} Charge faye 06°2 -nF Fou for Parl oll ne2 fe 964876 fale Pll pes —angeaey ah) = -RIR27 KI/meh \ [arlo Cateulate yu pola of Pgdryn “ache jin Contech with a Aalunen where pr 45 lo [ea] > Fer kydrogen hictroke wit adle i | = 0253 dog ce] Vance Eyt/p ly = Eeye CHE] = lot? mat/ eit Fer Standard hydrogen aliehtele C SHE) Wyma Ov m=) pico: ~ og Cee] - = ~ 0:0 tL Eur/p = 0 ~ 0252 AF oe = 0:08 Log fol zr - 0059 x) = -0'S9V ly oben Pobenhiol Of Hydrogen Hache th Comtact with Aatichen 2} Pt to Eut wy 2 : mora ten tet “4 [FRET] Funcions, : snChoming. Of Dawell cout in pretence TE outernst poventiat Cant) For Daniel eery ® as Bat pry i FA flaws prom 2n 6A) tr Cy Ce) Hence clirechen Of Clireenr ~ Hates 4rom Cle) te 2nCA) Sh dlitjalucs ar emote Cu chiposied at Cathode 94 Bow 211 No Haws of 4° or Cument ty pound Ne Chemical ¥tachon © 94 Eant > dV £m flaws from Cu t2n ond Arechon of currant ty Zn tote Zh is leposited at Zn elechacke Cu olyoluy ar Cu « echrole “" Stamolarel Wyaroyen Biche (SHE) Beles ily (mba ; Pt fain 7 9t 13 & reference sheteele ane fy relucton polenmas uy At te 0 as a raftrence tlecbole at alt’ Lumparotirg, 7 SKE Comat A} ptebnum electro Coated with, pLatinum black. the leche ts lipped in acedic Salehon Asuing. im Concentration &} H+ jon. 7 Pare Ayden gas at I bar preva 5 Comne ba bbted thratigh the Aatubon at a Lumptrerure ap RIBK- a te SHE act 04 bath ways @ Acting 24 anacte — ondtation daky plate Hcg) 9 Qut 4aer . ta) ®© Aetng Y Cathal — YLduthon baby place QHagy + R47 Magy Ripuentenan of SWE Pees) / Wh egy Jwtcaay (C= 1m) ay oy SNES O To Cot outate, fe Unkneon LUchocl polerhat af Any Metad / pretation b Conhuchhg toi t+ @ To cketormine, tm ability ef Metak d oltyplace tydregen -frem exes AG Pretal with negating, SRP Com clixplacr Hydrogen from eee} dike Feor2n wu meted with paswhue SRP Cannop olisplan -ryslroyen from atid tite cu Quyhon Barc on Part Lsta Example 3 311, 32, 33 (Dated 9 FH, 72S, 4,75, 3° Brarcein queen > 31,72,35,F°4, 35, 56 (CR} Same parameters olefiving. Blechntyhic. sabutin > ATypy ef Comeucler te Dtic, conductor > Ay, Cu, Fe,2n 40 Blaroty tic. Concludier 2 agueaus or mnotan Aeluten of-MeLd > Puistaney + preperig of & Hibsiaree by which dit obstruct He oto op aleckie. Curent snrengh RXA or RaPh & A Uwe ot yaiuiants 3 Ohm, ML Po Comianr Knauon O24 resishivcte, or speetpic pesrtance } p= BA Z 7 elm Ac}m> thn R=? / > Lene Pesistrut be deped 03 rubtancs oppred bg aw : Conductor of anit Lngth and UNE Cro Athan ana | uta ohm-m CSD) CES Unt 9 orm Cm Oo Conductant (G)> ‘ . = Peipecal op ruitenee and mary be defheal os tre Aaa With wricn He clade Current Haws traugh % Conductor ork oT ant Rk Tunt= Sim (3) 9 182 e%m Cambs) Conductivity CK) 2 > Rucipatal of wuisdvitg 45 Called Conduchvity. (- Kapp) weele tts Grd : PRA a Ae iem Avion pen K2G renee Conclacriitg « Map de. ctefehact 5 Conductincr of. Unit Aang tty Cie) cirel Unt Crots Aathon area C1 Cm) or Cancducrans 4 lam she Batieh os oy Conoluchvitg « fot or) ty Eneton Unita eadinltty (eet) > otom aml ¢ Seat HERE, stu Smt - Digperanee peteaeen pheteLic Qnaf Elioheteyhye., Conductane, Bluchrhy ie Cancluerannt [sMoument of cleotony 44 IP Mononnr of jong tS raponpib rupmsibe Jor Concluchon or Conaluctanta § , Qs Dou nor dnvelue dranyfor 2 Metin. mows ta tHe form ap. of mater yor, B+ Decree. with #ncreae %Y 13. Trcreaty wn jncrtosg 1h Kernaly Start Wibrabng. UoNich | pmperarox olin do olecrente Produce “Aindevant, jn He Th ynterfoul ettreachon or Haw of Lketron Thenate sin olissocahon 7 Factors ofeori edponng Conoluttanes 4 @ metallic Coneuedane: > a Chetricnt Condutotanes thyaugh Petey clit > froutment aap slichors 23 Calld metallic or vketonic Conductance + 7 94 depends on OD Natum Ane Sdoucture, Of Preted @ Nove} Velen’ 4- pir otem @ “Femporareare 3 chereoie With Mneeore fn tempurohye, ® EL Conductana > fe Condutianes 4s fourd jn she he elise ty hy Mnetetanl oF lan in cliteteed op malten state frefablic Conductance 41 Ot dlepercly on O Matera op iL or Inherjonie attrachon ter + Jaki Sault dnarqeron , greahes the freedom ax movement af jon Higher HAR Conclyctancy © Setvaion of lon Laryr the Megntuols af selurtr satuenr Jnwreccnen. 1 Qrecier TAL, Arte of Aolvahoy Latur pro ulecincal canductend Meant gotuet / Viscosi 2 Lawgur the Jolt Joliet Intupaction DW; pee viscont and More wilt bE rytanes eHorsd bg the fatuent fo oe of ions Hence duper’ wilt be eleetntad Conductance. oes iar EG) emperarire 4 “Temperate. tncreares phen Solin, - salute felung-solvns anol Aoduty- Satueet frierachon alecrary . Kenc, Motolytic Conductance ANCTLASS ” Ct Constant 3 CO*) _———_ OF is tH rahe ef olixane ap Leparahion betueen chatrd, (t) and area of Cre Azchon (A) Y ehachody + Re ?d & KeLor PeL A ? ie pelts 4: Rrk cK oA A or ot = Re F/ A+ Contentrabeyn Cy, en on oy RK ib a commas GF) he Contemtranion C2 9 RK WS SUL moka Conduchvitys (fm > 3% mM he clefited ay Concuchi Proluad by olsselung | | mab “4 an hectrtgt peated betuxen two Lary, Hechools Unit Lengthy apart [mE] ss fm > SE 7 S™ mei! Pamer ep aU He dons E> Sm? Ca Cone in met/mF tm Jooo Lit \ 000 Lit Contain —> C maf alechroty he LAF Coan 4 & mat 4 M C motanty ) | 12 t C45 Scmmat” ' ia eK ¥ loo | ——>_ 4" | m—t mokon'ty C mat Qt) | Unis ST? Sw mal = Am 2K = Smt < moet/m 3 C454 Som mas” Rasstaner of O Conduchvity ebf

Ry 520.2, Ka] “ed | at = KR = Ke Bel i | | : Vag atone (oo Ka ae ee, a = gag rte? $ em! yo Maid malay Comcluchvity Of 972 mel[ Lit Concendrar 4 aluch on Ain 2 KE X00 Vasries X love — ~*~ —_ ™ oon = (24 $cm matt B05" Mat Li Maot go em Ly SIEM OHM Ex 3 “pee sheincot pusistana of & Column olar Conduchty Aabubion of diamedre 1CI ang UHH Caltebate wealaninty z Condchivcty ama Ges pun > meee 34 lost. oF ne! Cm (Re SEEM Ohm _ hevg tn (2) = em 3 7 Te pe Bit» SEEMEXMEMT = ning nen A a Ze : ef 2b sh 52S Cm" Condtuchvite ce) 4 grr = 1149 ApS Som) i fer Concentration (C )-2e maternity Cm mefar conolucnvitg (An)= E7108 oa 114% xlo> lone 1 00S = 229°6 scm*mat | ya OOS meat Lit Vamahon or Conduchvatg With Contembaton + * Con duce vite, Contin tretion Om olitutin Concentration ap Leluton okcreaty bente Conduthvely also cleenary Reason » Ne "eh tors fer Unit volume thar Coorg fee Cermere in the Aetuhon oleerzaiy on Oliluhon, Varah af (nokor Conducta With Concentranon 4 molar Conducts «x ; Cam) Cantentreton > oH Clune Aatenon Contentrero olkerany Hence Matar Conoluchity Sporeots. fraten > molar Concluchva (Om) = lexv on obiliion Joint volume V of Sabttion’ Containha Ore moi of rhobolyie 2ncneary On weeaHen Mm = Kev on oliluchion olommenr i oy halon 14 Comperssled de tneressy tn 14 Volume Cre phical srapmsensection Yenahon op Im Ctra (> ee Cz Coon 4 (urak Atobolgte) Am a (¢ cm inet’) Kei say (eer C™ (mate Limiting. tmoker Conduct Chm) moter Conoluchnity of folition oF Inne olilukon. Gn eather Wonk, Meloy Conolu ch vet Whth ConCentsehon apprwerehy Zr 7 Mn has olipensverlabon for Shrong amd weap Uctolyte As Shawn a4 aban graph ie ef Om and (2 fon MMrorg rheobolytc Lpge72] 1 ef Ml Can be reprbenteat by Debye. ruck Lanaton fon = op = Fell Pre? 4 Uniting roar conduchity £3 Contentaben 8@ Contan clipend on nature 2 Aaluent | baluts (ctecholite) ond demperature : 7 Vatus ‘et Contant A Jor pin Aalubon dtfend *ypy ef Hiatelyte C charge, on cabin and ann produce Or oli stoctcchion of Lhatrlyle My setaren » AG: Il types Maw Rl Hype at, / Bok types My Sy ate, ‘ = Vemanion 24 Mm 4 shod on oli Lesting He Aalechon and Nr Ineyente on abilution Peston Farce a} attmetion ‘betutesn cabin omd aniinn Clecreases on oliluhon. =” , ® Vanation ef Am: for wuctak ke 3 ; A WLAR Licholyt, Le eu Coon hae Lanier cleqrce Of dinociation at -Aigher Condantration. On Cidebon sneremet in Mm £4 Mere $4ep (nore Sharp) In ater works wx Can sau tar Inenement’ In Am £4 Mere. 40 Cae oF weak clotolyr Rusion-7 Don olitunon degree of chitsoianon Op mugk sbecholyte Vincreosy Hence nuinber a. dons’ tin toted Vatu of saluton that contain | mat cleotolyh, Be tnenouy, (D Pere op attrachon beteaeen Caton and anon olecreaty . vt , Kohlruuch daw indupendant migration oy log According fo Kettranseh Law, Api ting oer conclucbuity of a dhehryle Con be xprezented 4 the Aum of Mndsviued Conds cad awen and Cation of the clietnototy , j Page-I8 y an Hrchotyte GUY Ve Omi and I Qnim Jaen sy siting Makare Con duchies 44 Green bg (in > MeAp FAL At, doa ond Molar conctuctiuiry 4 Cahn and axon Application of Kobkrasuch 4 few + @ Cokeuation of molar Conckuchuhy of weal clotoLyte at Ahfinile, aliledion *): momar Conckucelvety of acahies atte Cuxak acid) at Tnpprele dikunon can be Oblaied from te Knawlralge. oo Mnaker conducnviy OF Infinite olikachon ay Strong. chrtyte Li'kx He; City Cooma And Alace Oem CHcoot = Aeugcoo~ +d 5y¢ = {A mn C glo #42, net] t(An Ht tm o}-(4n Net by ci) Ane Clg oot! ~ Mam CH ConA F Me #O~ Mmnad @ Determineen Of clerne oF la ociadtion ap weak sotoHyte, Pereer ef cbincciation (os) 2 My a © Deberminaton 4} clitsociation Comma of Ube kahiel k= CLO and xl C5 neta [<< Am? @ Determination 4 satubilitg af Sparigly Aabubt. Aadt Ie = RX lo . Rx love “ees —_—— motonty Sekubitity, Sabublity = KX 1000 Am od [Pageny (es? Cotenetabe Ark for Cath. and Ing $24 Loy AeattdMg.0 Semematl Aeca7 6-2 Som ‘mas ° J Pgh > (06.0 gomtmatt reyes) [go Somme ' | | t i Sst fin Cates deat + 2 Raa | | | tmott Spigot kMeG = BT E SE” ° io L ond Am mgs = ding’ td soy = joce ies 2besemmel* TER) > tye gor Mau, HU and CHsCoonla are 126-4, 4299, 9-0 Sompait vapeenvels » Cabeutete a° Jor CH Corn tale a? ° . Sez] Arn Cty Coot = Am Cue) F Amé CigCooma) — Am rrvace) ° 7 = Ant the + AH co tahet — Ashat ~V~ Aut + dot coe” = im Clg CooW (415-9 F910 126-4) = 390 Sem mas? [GT] + He Concert of 0+ 001028 MAL LE|O Wg COM 25 1-95 x18 S coil Catcutare <4 oliseciatén Conta 4 A Jor attic atid 4 290-5 Scmmat? Eels time Rxloo, 497M oH 100? ag iy ¢ cmemat” m + ed/028 ny " axe fm, 2 AOI soursz Pm 290° ye Ke cad 2 oroolent x (0233) a . ON os rg > t [-< [= 01233 oe mat Lit | [Gee] 7 Saggut a cony cocleterming the Mm yelier of cater | fez) tm Che) > Ant ton 2 AWA ey + 1G I- ded tual) — dat) Taarreny vg we gt =f wrtde-] 4 (aia + Aor) -Lt ant ter] Mente > Oye? (1.0) = An HA thm Nach — Ammace Page-22) B29 he makane Conduchivcty- of o-oay met 4" HeooH 2) «ey Sontnell Calcutate vy cbeprer af oliyoclanon ard olipocehin commer Given Ay) = $496 Som™matl 4" cuco) = Fae S cm*matt ‘$e 2 ° S19 fim Heoow = dat t Atco" | 4 An? = B49 Saw B Gomeas” Sco mal i + : Arne abe} Som mat! ae fim abt 5 one Nm AO4d. iL. 7 a = sory x Conay™ _ 9, a ; K+ C47 oo xa 5 ELIT my gi tiene, ——— leek poole Quution a} NCERT bated on part- 2 mee) Example 7 3°41) BIG FYIBII —— Trait Qeytens 3-7 5:3 79 ——_ Exerc 3-7, 38,319, Slo, 3" oe ate Elect I aU 7 On atcholyhi Ll tuternal Seturer of VAUSPC 45 Ceteal be bring Qbaut 2 chamcal rLachon AY) Teo Cu Strip clipped In aqurany Saluhon of CuSOy ft anol 3 Cu ig onictiteel or ditelued C Dinperve au) lucy 3 Cut" Cag) T247 Ab Cotmects > Cy i$ olepayrtea) or reduud C pare Ce) Cuan) F207 5 Cucsy 9 His wae pune tu -s* Ki “G Pure 4 formed from Propane Cy % ieind preter} produud by clectroéy4ei C Morale “t = gf cheyhs feted Ty Produced $y Leorotysi \ totes AGS. Cryokite. a oy AL 3 A pretence 4 7 Fn Cech. cols 7 froote > “pasta Cathools 4 ALegahuc, : — Anion meus towards anode Undergo Owdahon Ceh'on Movy towards Cathook unclergaty seduchoy ; EL chrplyi4 > “the precise Of clcompartnen of an suchrtyte When slotic cumsnt 45 Patiedl thraugh aquouy Aalibory or persed slate 44 Catled chaholysts ° Farectay favo of Elictrobyiit- i Cuanbiehing aspeer of ichotysis qian by Faraday fate @ Fix Lao 4 SF Amaus apomy Aubstahe olepasiled or dtherated at the aictsoole 44 olircotley Proporhonel to arate Of Hhectneity, porting phen hich Ayes 4 w gm 4 Sabstanc clupayed oy parsing, Q Caulomb a4 Hheatritrty Han WAG OY WKTxF (@=Tt) Wrl2te¢ 22 Ekrchoohemice! Aquvalus af Sebitann leper Elche hemtey Equal pated 9 ; Yrs 9 | Sen Hence 96 is clef hac) as amaanr af AUbsaMe lipeftled LA Cprtnt for | Kor @® keond Lao token Ame yaantits of eect, Ly passed Phreangs oles dectolyt. Ha amaunt of oliffrad substeunce keporjled at He Leto sf oliicebly. proportional 7 stair 2opelvabod page -22.] may WAE CE 3 Fant yalot May = Mmorkeuar Medd Valente wick Wr Ee Petahon betden 2 and E> Ze£ Fa Faraday. Constant CCharge on imet 27) = 965000 [OA 4 Aeledion af CuS0q 2 Hretolyred for lo Puhetes with a Cumnt of IS ampersy . conat th te Mans od Copper clipatited ot the Cathool 7 [Ea] > Charge €O) > Tet = 1S A Allo x60) Ace» =z 900d Arceorating “to He rRaRhOY cut cag) t 24° 3 Canes) Hence 2F Cx 96Seoc) CITES 4 reacted fo! olepasyit 5 | met or 63 4 Hen Joo @ Can ckepast = 63 x 90D pager © ONS syd aD 84 -23 O20 94 AcuMeMI of OFA paws ynvategh Q prulellle. wire 4-or L haus, Aan haw many clelron wauld paw thrargh the WIT [Set] @e Tete OS ALA Blo = 36006 96S500C CIF) 24 Lanivalud fo —1 | nat chectrony 9 £013 M10? 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