Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Electrochemistry
Electrochemistry
Ry 520.2, Ka] “ed | at = KR = Ke Bel i | | : Vag atone (oo Ka ae ee, a = gag rte? $ em! yo Maid malay Comcluchvity Of 972 mel[ Lit Concendrar 4 aluch on Ain 2 KE X00 Vasries X love — ~*~ —_ ™ oon = (24 $cm matt B05" Mat Li Maot go em Ly SIEM OHM Ex 3 “pee sheincot pusistana of & Column olar Conduchty Aabubion of diamedre 1CI ang UHH Caltebate wealaninty z Condchivcty ama Ges pun > meee 34 lost. oF ne! Cm (Re SEEM Ohm _ hevg tn (2) = em 3 7 Te pe Bit» SEEMEXMEMT = ning nen A a Ze : ef 2b sh 52S Cm" Condtuchvite ce) 4 grr = 1149 ApS Som) i fer Concentration (C )-2e maternity Cm mefar conolucnvitg (An)= E7108 oa 114% xlo> lone 1 00S = 229°6 scm*mat | ya OOS meat LitVamahon or Conduchvatg With Contembaton + * Con duce vite, Contin tretion Om olitutin Concentration ap Leluton okcreaty bente Conduthvely also cleenary Reason » Ne "eh tors fer Unit volume thar Coorg fee Cermere in the Aetuhon oleerzaiy on Oliluhon, Varah af (nokor Conducta With Concentranon 4 molar Conducts «x ; Cam) Cantentreton > oH Clune Aatenon Contentrero olkerany Hence Matar Conoluchity Sporeots. fraten > molar Concluchva (Om) = lexv on obiliion Joint volume V of Sabttion’ Containha Ore moi of rhobolyie 2ncneary On weeaHen Mm = Kev on oliluchion olommenr i oy halon 14 Comperssled de tneressy tn 14 Volume Cre phical srapmsensection Yenahon op Im Ctra (> ee Cz Coon 4 (urak Atobolgte) Am a (¢ cm inet’) Kei say (eer C™ (mate Limiting. tmoker Conduct Chm) moter Conoluchnity of folition oF Inne olilukon. Gn eather Wonk, Meloy Conolu ch vet Whth ConCentsehon apprwerehy Zr 7 Mn has olipensverlabon for Shrong amd weap Uctolyte As Shawn a4 aban graphie ef Om and (2 fon MMrorg rheobolytc Lpge72] 1 ef Ml Can be reprbenteat by Debye. ruck Lanaton fon = op = Fell Pre? 4 Uniting roar conduchity £3 Contentaben 8@ Contan clipend on nature 2 Aaluent | baluts (ctecholite) ond demperature : 7 Vatus ‘et Contant A Jor pin Aalubon dtfend *ypy ef Hiatelyte C charge, on cabin and ann produce Or oli stoctcchion of Lhatrlyle My setaren » AG: Il types Maw Rl Hype at, / Bok types My Sy ate, ‘ = Vemanion 24 Mm 4 shod on oli Lesting He Aalechon and Nr Ineyente on abilution Peston Farce a} attmetion ‘betutesn cabin omd aniinn Clecreases on oliluhon. =” , ® Vanation ef Am: for wuctak ke 3 ; A WLAR Licholyt, Le eu Coon hae Lanier cleqrce Of dinociation at -Aigher Condantration. On Cidebon sneremet in Mm £4 Mere $4ep (nore Sharp) In ater works wx Can sau tar Inenement’ In Am £4 Mere. 40 Cae oF weak clotolyr Rusion-7 Don olitunon degree of chitsoianon Op mugk sbecholyte Vincreosy Hence nuinber a. dons’ tin toted Vatu of saluton that contain | mat cleotolyh, Be tnenouy, (D Pere op attrachon beteaeen Caton and anon olecreaty . vt , Kohlruuch daw indupendant migration oy log According fo Kettranseh Law, Api ting oer conclucbuity of a dhehryle Con be xprezented 4 the Aum of Mndsviued Conds cad awen and Cation of the clietnototy ,j Page-I8 y an Hrchotyte GUY Ve Omi and I Qnim Jaen sy siting Makare Con duchies 44 Green bg (in > MeAp FAL At, doa ond Molar conctuctiuiry 4 Cahn and axon Application of Kobkrasuch 4 few + @ Cokeuation of molar Conckuchuhy of weal clotoLyte at Ahfinile, aliledion *): momar Conckucelvety of acahies atte Cuxak acid) at Tnpprele dikunon can be Oblaied from te Knawlralge. oo Mnaker conducnviy OF Infinite olikachon ay Strong. chrtyte Li'kx He; City Cooma And Alace Oem CHcoot = Aeugcoo~ +d 5y¢ = {A mn C glo #42, net] t(An Ht tm o}-(4n Net by ci) Ane Clg oot! ~ Mam CH ConA F Me #O~ Mmnad @ Determineen Of clerne oF la ociadtion ap weak sotoHyte, Pereer ef cbincciation (os) 2 My a © Deberminaton 4} clitsociation Comma of Ube kahiel k= CLO and xl C5 neta [<< Am? @ Determination 4 satubilitg af Sparigly Aabubt. Aadt Ie = RX lo . Rx love “ees —_—— motonty Sekubitity, Sabublity = KX 1000 Amod [Pageny (es? Cotenetabe Ark for Cath. and Ing $24 Loy AeattdMg.0 Semematl Aeca7 6-2 Som ‘mas ° J Pgh > (06.0 gomtmatt reyes) [go Somme ' | | t i Sst fin Cates deat + 2 Raa | | | tmott Spigot kMeG = BT E SE” ° io L ond Am mgs = ding’ td soy = joce ies 2besemmel* TER) > tye gor Mau, HU and CHsCoonla are 126-4, 4299, 9-0 Sompait vapeenvels » Cabeutete a° Jor CH Corn tale a? ° . Sez] Arn Cty Coot = Am Cue) F Amé CigCooma) — Am rrvace) ° 7 = Ant the + AH co tahet — Ashat ~V~ Aut + dot coe” = im Clg CooW (415-9 F910 126-4) = 390 Sem mas? [GT] + He Concert of 0+ 001028 MAL LE|O Wg COM 25 1-95 x18 S coil Catcutare <4 oliseciatén Conta 4 A Jor attic atid 4 290-5 Scmmat? Eels time Rxloo, 497M oH 100? ag iy ¢ cmemat” m + ed/028 ny " axe fm, 2 AOI soursz Pm 290° ye Ke cad 2 oroolent x (0233) a . ON os rg > t [-< [= 01233 oe mat Lit | [Gee] 7 Saggut a cony cocleterming the Mm yelier of cater | fez) tm Che) > Ant ton 2 AWA ey + 1G I- ded tual) — dat) Taarreny vg we gt =f wrtde-] 4 (aia + Aor) -Lt ant ter] Mente > Oye? (1.0) = An HA thm Nach — AmmacePage-22) B29 he makane Conduchivcty- of o-oay met 4" HeooH 2) «ey Sontnell Calcutate vy cbeprer af oliyoclanon ard olipocehin commer Given Ay) = $496 Som™matl 4" cuco) = Fae S cm*matt ‘$e 2 ° S19 fim Heoow = dat t Atco" | 4 An? = B49 Saw B Gomeas” Sco mal i + : Arne abe} Som mat! ae fim abt 5 one Nm AO4d. iL. 7 a = sory x Conay™ _ 9, a ; K+ C47 oo xa 5 ELIT my gi tiene, ——— leek poole Quution a} NCERT bated on part- 2 mee) Example 7 3°41) BIG FYIBII —— Trait Qeytens 3-7 5:3 79 ——_ Exerc 3-7, 38,319, Slo, 3" oe ateElect I aU 7 On atcholyhi Ll tuternal Seturer of VAUSPC 45 Ceteal be bring Qbaut 2 chamcal rLachon AY) Teo Cu Strip clipped In aqurany Saluhon of CuSOy ft anol 3 Cu ig onictiteel or ditelued C Dinperve au) lucy 3 Cut" Cag) T247 Ab Cotmects > Cy i$ olepayrtea) or reduud C pare Ce) Cuan) F207 5 Cucsy 9 His wae pune tu -s* Ki “G Pure 4 formed from Propane Cy % ieind preter} produud by clectroéy4ei C Morale “t = gf cheyhs feted Ty Produced $y Leorotysi \ totes AGS. Cryokite. a oy AL 3 A pretence 4 7 Fn Cech. cols 7 froote > “pasta Cathools 4 ALegahuc, : — Anion meus towards anode Undergo Owdahon Ceh'on Movy towards Cathook unclergaty seduchoy ; EL chrplyi4 > “the precise Of clcompartnen of an suchrtyte When slotic cumsnt 45 Patiedl thraugh aquouy Aalibory or persed slate 44 Catled chaholysts ° Farectay favo of Elictrobyiit- i Cuanbiehing aspeer of ichotysis qian by Faraday fate @ Fix Lao 4 SF Amaus apomy Aubstahe olepasiled or dtherated at the aictsoole 44 olircotley Proporhonel to arate Of Hhectneity, porting phen hich Ayes 4 w gm 4 Sabstanc clupayed oy parsing, Q Caulomb a4 Hheatritrty Han WAG OY WKTxF (@=Tt) Wrl2te¢22 Ekrchoohemice! Aquvalus af Sebitann leper Elche hemtey Equal pated 9 ; Yrs 9 | Sen Hence 96 is clef hac) as amaanr af AUbsaMe lipeftled LA Cprtnt for | Kor @® keond Lao token Ame yaantits of eect, Ly passed Phreangs oles dectolyt. Ha amaunt of oliffrad substeunce keporjled at He Leto sf oliicebly. proportional 7 stair 2opelvabod page -22.] may WAE CE 3 Fant yalot May = Mmorkeuar Medd Valente wick Wr Ee Petahon betden 2 and E> Ze£ Fa Faraday. Constant CCharge on imet 27) = 965000 [OA 4 Aeledion af CuS0q 2 Hretolyred for lo Puhetes with a Cumnt of IS ampersy . conat th te Mans od Copper clipatited ot the Cathool 7 [Ea] > Charge €O) > Tet = 1S A Allo x60) Ace» =z 900d Arceorating “to He rRaRhOY cut cag) t 24° 3 Canes) Hence 2F Cx 96Seoc) CITES 4 reacted fo! olepasyit 5 | met or 63 4 Hen Joo @ Can ckepast = 63 x 90D pager © ONS syd aD 84-23 O20 94 AcuMeMI of OFA paws ynvategh Q prulellle. wire 4-or L haus, Aan haw many clelron wauld paw thrargh the WIT [Set] @e Tete OS ALA Blo = 36006 96S500C CIF) 24 Lanivalud fo —1 | nat chectrony 9 £013 M10? Lothony deo e 44 cauivalerd to > 6°27 107s e600 96 Seo = 2246 xf0” ehechros | W739 Comklir He TLAchon one + GH + ger 2c 7HLO What 44 the auanrty oy Aheomntity the nucled -fo rehkuce [mat of cn [Salle Por qian regcbon | nrale enoy* require 3 6 male fo rxhuceal to cnt 6 Met 2 Cami » 6 F ckcticty . 2 Ex9SmC = 579000 4B chotnity fe> “Fhree hoirlytic ou Ab S Containing 2nSy, fg NPs ana Cusoy yespeeniely were Conmncled th Acng , A Skeady Cement of NS A way patted through them Unb has ¢ ee Sjtuer cbepasitect at the Cathode of Cur B, Hato Long. hd phe Cum flaw 7 Wwnad may a} Cu ard Zn wern olipatited 7 fs) Ag re 34g Lo g cima) af Oy Separtted by alfa) saath = 96 So"e nas ga Oy keparited by = JOP pas eo 28st 2 oxy é te 12250 ~ 963.7 se. Fc+h cei Paz -24 ® Meag tae 2) Cucsy QP (AX ISOC) Oharge WLU olepasin Co > | Mal (63-54) RISE C Charge wile Lipase tu 9 EDS we payig QAZSoo 2c O4re gy DO — ant Cay t 27 Znesy QE Cle 96 foo 0) Onarge will alipastte Zn > [Met (65-3 4) 2986 c Crary wir cLepantie en 7 653 we pegre Ar 96508 = OAIBE 9 Hed much Chaves 5 remured the Ot mat act? page > AF 4 - At Ouanhhy Cf Chsrge required for eedlucthon of -} mal of helt D TE = 3x9¢So0e = 209500 6, @D it mat of cat poe, Cut 22-5 Cy Crtauayty iy Charge vita rec) > QA = Wr 9esd00 => 1930e0ae @D 1 met ef mney to myth Mag” 9 tant Onidathon Me: ehangy from +) fo FL | Change oF Fe- Hine, veamired Chargs 2 SF 2 Sx 96 S006 = 442So00¢ [G-<]> Haw much homery 4n tem a} “4 . seeming 4 Vea to Prolac vd D 204 MH Ca -from Mmaten CattP23e 25 | Be ca 4 eo ee | [meal (deg) op Ca geaure = 2F We Of Ee to came, = pe @® 4e F¢ Of Av from metten Ms fN> ast azem7 Me TmatCayg ) ay ge redulrad = SF ao g ef ae weauirecl > Arse > 4497 Product Bp Hctatyns q @ Typy of Cuetrh > Ath = Parhiypate, ih APZn, Fe sts ” plrehadhe Ahook wiLachon Cu Canecks) Condaton) - Pewsiue _, Do het Parhtipte A4°9> Pt or fa 4K Eletrock fh anak reachen ® Product Raal or anion With low SRP undergo ondlanen* anole = Cabon with high SRP undirgary 24oluchon at Cathacke | = Somes Povolucr das wet joan SRP cre ale TO purr potenho| Bxamplso} Chetolysis 2 (D Rlrctrokyils of moltun Mats “ny pe stcrrects Nati 3 Nat 407 Cmolten ) | At anoas 3 | uaa Lu tae | At Cathool 2 Nat 44° 9 Macsy© Cteatrotyss, A, aqurany Nace uoing. pe cect td Na — Mat + a7 Cason) the 3 Ht ft OHT AF anoets > aa fut ar TF Ob Anos Ch, gad te Mberated clue te ouurpotnha of Ompgen (On) At Cathe 3 Ho teoth + OH- ® Eictratigsis of OMe Ise, Ung pete WySeq —> QH* ae) $04 Gae) AF Qheck 3 . Hs(2) Lg) FHT FQEK AF catheds 3 Aha Sy 7 Fe th8°4 14 Concentrateal ten At Anocle 2S ag)? 5,0, 2 FAA Oy) QD Bleorotyts af aunauy sakition op Cath Uting. Pe Llacheot Cut CH #207 Hiro 3 M4 + one Ad Qneclk 3 ana $a t47 At Cothoot + Cath 422- Cy© Bhotralinis of, Aatuany fokuben of Ay Nor Pazar with tek Lheotrle AGNOs¢3) —> Ag"caey F NOS Cae) Kho —> Ht -p oye At Arhoole Ayes > Ag cae) tan At Cathooty AG remny TA 7 Ayes) | Duets High SRP op tg? 24 Compared ts Ht © Eleotooleysis Of anurans AgMog cuseg Pt cleatroly | 4g Al0z ¢5) —F Aa "cat FT NOx Cae) | Ho 9 Ht POHT At Anoke ( Pewita Lhetrooke Pt) How 7% tant F2e7 4 Cathe > Ag” te7 Og C3) oy Batieny 4 f OF 15 clevice Ushio “how On Or more Llechoehemicod Cult are Connetkal 2n dime O14 Used a5 Sacurey of shetncod Legg - Typ4 7 Two ry py DO prima D Seconcar “t © t | Primary batrnte 4 / | On PAE batteney Teawinn Occur Wey Once after Oe a pemoel Of time battery dccome clung Anal Cannot be. rEcseol | again - Ay Dry ct (Lickanehe C44) , Perk OU, prurcurg elif Drctanche ets ¢ dg un) | bneockst Zn Coneter | Cathecls 2 rophit-c, roel Aurmacinced bg Pausolered Inez, anal Carbon 7 | : | Elcholylx > Maink paix of MHate and Zntly At anes 9 Znes) — ant $a4e At Cecthocks > Mino, + Niet te7 > hyd COW) TNH TNR forms He Complore with Zn (2acntsdas > (eu potentiat CE-mF) Approx sv > Afcathalt + Mn ty meduad -fiem +47 +3 @ Puurcury Cb — I Setable for Law Cumin olevicrs LIE racing icky, wontenay froclt a 2n- He otteg. ( 2n- arnelgany) Catnocls > paste, Hf Hye anal Carbon Blotroly 9 parte OF Ken and 2nd At frcolt > Dncltg) f LON ZnO) F Hae F24- Ar Cathocks 3 Hg ae fa73 Wgae 20H MAF 5 An Clg) + Hyoesy 2 Zndes) ct itgiey Peachon yr Lt pottHal (EMF) 3 hI Vv Cappron) ° — A’ oMnret qeadchon, ole neT 'huelus arg fon ah Soluhen Hine cell potuvtiat remain Oontant. Seconot cory Batteries: fatlenty 3 Sy tek, CU Cam be meoharged bg pasha. cuarant poratigh At th rh Oppatite. olizechon $0 4+ Can be tbe again, A good Atconclery ety unciygoy Large Noep discharging:oe Charging. Cyelas - K-29 A9-VLad Storage bathog 2 Frrocte > Leaal ¢Pb) Cornett 9 A grid af Lead Packecl With PbO Eltctrotyte > 3b7. satation ef Ha Sq Rischaryiing. reaction > At anokt 3° Phisy f SOG eaey 2 PbSyrs7 FRET At Codhoole 3 PbO) 15) F Soy cae) f Hae) $27 = PSU es) TF AHO Ke) Ret Ly ph ogy € PbOxegy T 2H2 S0q cay? 2 PbS Es) Fatty eee Reason ee Pachary! Paonery ny wreathion F i an anecti—3 pbsoy P Ltho-—? PbO, TSCA FAME 207 —> php sag At Cethecli > pbsoy F234" @ Nrceet - Cactmium cU > > Longer Lio then Lieal Storage, CU Piseron oy cbiscnarging > CAesy F ANIC Hs ¢s) F CdO¢s) F LAUCOM, cs) + HOLY Feat cen / 3 WU Ucn procluy Llucincel ergy cbiveebley. from Combzchion Of Juul Such oy Hh, CO and Cltq AQ Wy qu au Aroc ana Cothocs 2 Porary Carboy Elointyte 2 O47 NaoHw C i 4g cased) At aro ow ¢ OWL THe ae Ad Cetrooli > 0, F2ZKOF 4FL° 2 OM Tay,Ovsrads yeaons (PIT Adve OF 2 thegy t 269) > 2 MaOC4) OK Of Heel ets 5 D 9 is patteion frer ctevicr nce no Aarmpet Prrelucr are formed oF es “ . 4 -dfictiney js vary high tun Conventional ed Cabaw 75% ) chute SU s © Fer att ane Vary, Bigns In catigns 7 Pro Qanhty oy ehobety compared #2 wluctncal guuretor @ a4 Apply. op gm medataieg Hun at 45 Covtbuaty Aatry op 2bergy @D Enot produc 0 Wy On ped Can be ung) dor chinking elem Spau tau Coposion 9 Fhe prowy Ala Aobig up 4 Loater yapaurg Prdent th atmosphere o} Cartelh Comparing Lhe ONel, 4 Cold Conptton, 2'7 resting op Dron . — Coworston 415 sltedroobamcel phenomiron -, th tor a perhiutay Spot at as ansele unolurgey oration 4 Pron. wih & porbtctar spot aero Cathocky ih whith Oy 14 reduced IN prerence of nt (0,9 bs, = Qatt (og pastels by gad aud uk te formation etphic Carbonate <1e+ Ho Ad arnocd 2 2 Feesy Qh 4 ear At cathods 3 On eq) F antag) F FAP 2 toca) ———S TT ALL Puschon 9 2D Pees) f Op tant *I#eaty A QPMaey FRMAtmospheric onidation Fe Magy Voy t 2% 7 Fsen t #Hfee) TF 9m hy ctratead form brawn mut 24 Jormed) (Fe0¢ 328) Pravavchion ef Comyn 4 © Barviey Petetion -2 7 An film 44 atercluad beraeen dro and ocbmosphene, Ornygen , CO, anal maisture © By Coutning. tha Atagate wwitn palit or Hin dil of Grows ® By shereplatng iron with mon-Corrotiug Intel Lee Aull, Cr, Ca we» @ sacnyaiat protectin + 3 Tron surfer, 14 Covered) Usitn fone, leoter pasttiig pnetot Fhen yon which gety onditerd in preperente 40) tron 4°94. Pron Coated with Zinc Enawon a4 gatvanizaton @® ELrcteas Protection 2 J OF 1h abo Car a} Sacny cial protection ot wed) to packer undergraurd wate pipy or fenks Lon HS pushod expated Aurfau af iron protec Og. Conmeteching Jt with proce metal Ley my Ay Zn wich cer Qs anos Wilke Fe aeras Cotrocly, So tet 1% J ger radutial ans become prokected from resin 4 frock petal nucly Pemdolical Teploument, @uyhon of NCERT bad on part-3 5 em —_— Examp& > Silo Frat ation? 310) 3th B12, 313, 314, 31S Freercine 2 Thy 3113, 314, 318, 316, 3:17, 318