BLACKWOOD'S

Edinburgh
M A G A ZINE .
VOL. I.

APRIL - SEPTEMBER , 1817.

WILLIAM BLACKWOOD, EDINBURGH ;

AND

T. CADELL AND W. DAVIES, STRAND, LONDON.

1817.
 DI"

Oliver & Boyd, Printers, Edinburgh .

 BLACKWOOD'S
EDINBURGH MAGAZINE.
No I. APRIL 1817. Vol. I.

Contents.
ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS. The Wyfe of Auchtermuchtieammmmm67
Memoir of the late Francis Horner, Esq. Account of the Highland Host ( 1678 ).mm68
M. Puummmmm 3 Extract from “ A Mock Poem upon the
On the Sculpture of the Greeks... numan 9 Expedition of the Highland Host,' by
Present State of the City of Venice.comww16 Col. Cleland.com 169
On the Constitution and Moral Effects of ORIGINAL POETRY .
Banks for the Savings of Industrymanar 17 The Desolate Village - a Reveriemacam 70
Tales and Anecdotes of the Pastoral Life, Italy . 71
No I. Verses recited by the Author,in a Party
22
Observations on the Culture of the Sugar of his Countrymen , on the day that the
Cane in the United States, and on our news arrived of our final victory over
System of ColonialPolicy.immo -25 the Frenchcammm man 72
Memorandums of a View -Huntermamma27
Account of the American Steam Frigate..30 REVIEW OF NEW PUBLICATIONS .
On sitting below the Saltummam 33 A Series of Discourses on the Christian
The Craniological Controversy.- Some Revelation , viewed in connexion with
Observations on the late Pamphlets of the Modern Astronomy. By Thomas
Dr Gordon and Dr Spurzheim.com 35 Chalmers, D. D. 73
On the proposed Establishment of a Harold the Dauntless ; a Poem , in six,
Foundling Hospital in Edinburgh.38 cantos. By the author of " The Bridal
Remarks on Greek Tragedy, No I. (Æs of Triermain ” anmar .76
chyli Prometheus) . -39 Armata . A Fragmentramano m78
Notices concerning the Scottish Gypsies ..43 Stories for Children; selected from the
SELECT EXTRACTS. History of England, from the Conquest
to the Revolution .. .79
Account of Colonel Beaufoy's Journey to PERIODICAL WORKS.
the Summit of Mount Blancamminan59
Account of the remarkable Case of Mar Edinburgh Review , No 54mmmmmmmmm.81
garet Lyall, who continued in a state Quarterly Review , No 31.mmmmmmmm83
LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC
of sleep nearly six weeks..macam.mm.61 INTELLIGENCE macammmmm.85
ANTIQUARIAN REPERTORY. WORKS PREPARING for PUBLICATION 88
MONTHLY LIST OF NEW PUBLICA
Grant of the Lands of Kyrkenes to the TIONS warna
Culdees of Lochleven , by Macbeth son communaumw90
of Finlach, and Gruoch daughter of MONTHLY REGISTER .
Bodhe, King and Queen of Scotlanda. 65 FOREIGN INTELLIGENCEmmmmmme 96
Writ of Privy Seal in favour of • Johnne PROCEEDINGS OF PARLIAMENT 102
Faw , Lord and Erle of Litill Egipt,' BRITISH CHRONICLE... 108
granted by King James the Fifth F, eb. Commercial Report . .113
15th , 1540 wib . Agricultural Reportnaaa 116
Act of Privy Council 6 anent some Egyp- Meteorological Table mammame ] 18
tianis'
66 Births, Marriages, and Deathsavam119

EDINBURGH :
WILLIAM BLACKWOOD, NO 17, PRINCE'S STREET, EDINBURGH ;
AND T , CADELL AND W. DAVIES, STRAND, LONDON ;
To whom Communications (postpaid ) may be addressed .
SOLD ALSO BY ALL THE BOOKSELLERS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM .

(OLIVER & Boyd, Printers, Edinburgh .]

 As it is the wish of the Editors to render this Work a ReposiTORY of
whatever may be supposed to be most interesting to general readers, they beg
leave to offerone ortwo remarks, on what is new in the plan they have adopt
ed , and on the specimen of it now subinitted to the Public.
Under the title of Antiquarian Repertory, they have reason to hope, from
the access that has been most liberally allowed them to unpublished manu
scripts, both in the national and in family repositories, thatthey shall for a
long period be able, not only to lay before their readers articles calculated to
gratify curiosity, but alsoto rescue from oblivion such materials as may throw
some light on the disputed points in British history, and on such minute fea
tures in the state of society in former ages, as must necessarily be excluded
from the pages of the historian .
The Editors have ventured to allot a part of their MAGAZINE to notices of
the articles contained in the most celebrated periodical publications ;-under
which they propose also to include works published in parts, at more irregular
intervals, and alist of the contents of theminor Journals . They are aware of
the difficulty of giving general satisfaction under this head ; but as they have
never seen any attempt of the kind made, or at least persevered in , either by
their predecessors or contemporaries, they cannot but hope, that this proof of
their resolution to spare no pains for the gratification of their readers , will be
received with indulgence. And here they must regret, that it has not been in
their power to notice, in the present number, the British Review , No XVII.
which contains the best discussion they have any where seen , of the means by
which an equalization of weights and measuresmay be effected .
If the Editors shall beable to realize their own wishes and expectations, the
Register will comprise a greater variety of information than is to be found at
present in any monthly publication. Rash as itmay appear, they will venture
to declare, that it is their ambition to give such a view of Foreign and Do
of resorting
mestic Affairs, as may in a great measure supersede the necessity
to Annual Registers, or other more voluminous and expensive works, for the
period which their labours may embrace. But as theirlimits had been almost
reached before they began to print this their last branch, the Editors must re
quest their Readers to take the present as but an imperfect specimen of what
they mean it to contain. Every division of it has been curtailed ; and the
Public Papers and Accounts, as well as the list of Patents, Promotions, & c.
have been unavoidably postponed. All these, however, shall be given , from
the commencement of the year, in the early Numbers of the Magazine.

TO CORRESPONDENTS .
The Memoir of an eminent and favourite Scottish Author, lately deceased,
appear in an early Number. " Observations,” &c. concerning the pro
gress of Scottish Literature~ and the article on Hospitals by Q ., - in our next.
The Review Articles,by W. A. and B. W., and the communication from
“ An Unknown Friend,” are unavoidably delayed till next month .
The two communications from L. N. have been duly received. We are
sorry to assure him , that the process described in his first cannot at all benefit
or interest the public as a discovery. It has been well known, and generally
practised , for the last fifty years.
The paper by . Junius'is in many respects interesting, but it is unfor
tunately so overloaded with “fine writing ," as to be quiteunfit for our hum
ble Miscellany in its present shape.

No II. will be published in Edinburgh on the 20th of May, and in

London on the 1st of June.
 BLACKWOOD'S
EDINBURGH MAGAZINE.

No I. APRIL 1817. VOL. I.

ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS.

MEMOIR OF THE LATE FRANCIS HOR- most unimpeachable honour. Where

NER , ESQ . M. P. now, alas ! shall good men search for,
or searchingfind , a union so inestim
Of the many eminent and good men able of intellectual and moral excel
whom Great Britain may proudly lence, to cheer their hopes, and con
boast of having produced, who have firm their virtuous purposes, in these
dedicated their lives to the service of times of political difficulty and of re
the state, - and have ministered to the laxing principle.
improvementandthe happiness oftheir Splendid, however, as these his pub
countrymen, not less by the exercise lic virtues were, the knowledge of
of splendid talents in the publiccoun- them served only toenhance the plea
cils ofthenation, than by the bright sure, which it was the peculiar happi
to en
example they have afforded in private ness of hisrelations and friends
life, of inflexible integrity, and the joy, fromthe contemplation of his pri
practice ofevery amiable virtue, there vate worth. Dutiful,affectionate, and
is certainly not one whose death has social; gentle, cheerful, and unassum ,
excited a deeper or more universal re- ing ; full of kindness and full of chari
gret, than thatofMR FRANCIS HOR- ty ;he was the joy and pride of his
NER . To the nation at large, as well family, dear to every friend , and a per
as to thosefortunate, though now af- fect pattern of goodness in all the re
flicted , individuals , who were attached lations of domestic life. For these sor
to him by the dearer ties of consan- rowing individuals, this only consola
guinity and friendship , the loss of this tion now remains, - silently to dwell
excellent man is indeed irreparable. on the remembrance of his numerous
Statesmen beheld in him an exam- virtues, and to fix the love of them
ple ever to be admired , and ever to be for ever on their hearts.
emulated, of great parts, and still great- Of the exalted estimation in which
er worth, wholly and sincerely devoted Mr Horner's character was univer
to the attainment of the noblest of sally held , no testimony can be more
objects,ếour country'sgood, and the gratifying or more unequivocal, than
general improvement ofmankind. It the tone of deep and feeling regret
was their delight to contemplate, in with which his death was announced
this highly -gifted individual ,a com- in all the public prints ; and thestrain
bination almost without a paralleloof of unexampled eulogy which was
every virtue, and every acquirement, poured forth on his high attainments,
which can dignify and adorn the char- and his generous nature ,in the House
acter of a public man ;-a powerful of Commons, by political opponents as
understanding -variousand profound wellas by private friends, onthe me
knowledge, asound and penetrating lancholy occasion of movingfor a new
judgment,-originaland enlightened writ for the borough which he repre
views,-a correct and elegant taste -- sented in Parliament.
an impressive yet modesteloquence ,- Thefollowing paragraph, admirable
a fervent but chastened zeal,-- never- alike for its elegance and its truth ,
failing discretion , -a high and inde- appeared in theMorning Chronicle of
pendent feeling,-and,above all, a Friday, the 28th of February 1817.
VOL. I.
 Memoir of Francis Horner, Esq. [ Apríl
“ It is with deep concern we have I am authorised in saying that the
to announce the death of Francis Hor- course is not wholly unprecedented.
ner , Esq. Member of Parliament for My lamented friend, of whom I
St Mawes. This melancholy event never can speak without feelings of the
took place at Pisa on the sth instant. deepest regret, had been rendered in
We have had seldom to lament a capable for some time past, in conse
greater loss, or to bewail a more irre- quence of the bad state of his health ,
parable calamity. With an inflexible of applying himself to the labours of
integrity, and ardent attachment to his profession, or to the discharge of
liberty, Mr Horner conjoined a tem , his parliamentary duties. He was
perance and discretion not always found prevailed upon to try the effects of a
to accompany these virtues. The res milder and more genial climate the
pect in which he was held , and the hope was vain, and the attempt fruit
deference with which he was listened less : he sunk beneath the slow but
to in the House of Commons, is a destructive effect of a lingering dis
striking proof of the effect ofmoral ease, which baffled the power of me
qualities in a popular assembly. With- dicine and the influence of climate ;
out the adventitious aids of station or but under the pressure of increasing
fortune, he had acquired a weight and infirmity, under the infliction of a de
influence in Parliament, which few bilitating and exhausting malady, he
men , whose lives were passed in op- preserved undiminished the serenity
position, have been able to obtain ;and of his amiable temper, and the com
for this consideration he was infinitely posure , the vigour, and firmness of his
less indebted to his eloquence and excellent and enlightened understand
talents , eminent as they were, than to ing: I may, perhaps, be permitted ;
the opinion universally entertainedof without penetrating too far into the
hispublic and private rectitude. His more sequestered paths of private life,
understanding was strong and com- to allude to those mild virtues — those
prehensive, his knowledge extensive domestic charities, which embellished
and accurate, his judgment sound and while they dignified his private char
clear , his conduct plain and direct. acter. I may be permitted to observe,
His eloquence,like his character, was that, as a son andas a brother, he was
grave and forcible, without a particle eminently dutiful and affectionate ;
of vanity or presumption , free from but I am aware that these qualities,
rancour and personality, but full of however amiable, can hardly, with
deep and generous indignation against strictpropriety, be addressed to the
fraud, hypocrisy, or injustice .-- He consideration of Parliament. When ,
was a warm , zealous, and affectionate however, they are blended , interwoven ,
friend - high-minded and disinterested andincorporated in the character of a
in his conduct - firm and decided in public man, they become a species of
his opinions -- modest and unassuming public property, and, by their influ
in his manners . To his private friends ence and example, essentially augment
his death is a calamity they can never the general stock of public virtue.
cease to deplore. To the public it is a “For his qualifications as a public
loss noteasily to be repaired, and, in man I can confidently appealto a wider
times like these, most severely to be circle- to that learned profession of
felt." which he was a distinguished orna
In the House of Commons, on Mon- ment- to this House, where his exer
day, March 30, 1817, LORD Mor- tions will be long remembered with
PETH rose, and spoke as follows :- mingled feelings of regret and admi
“ I rise to move that the speaker do ration . It is not necessary for me to
issue his writ for a new member to enter into the detail of his graver
serve in Parliament for the borough of studies and occupations. I may be
St Mawes , in the room of the late allowed to say generally, that he rais
Francis Horner, Esq. ed the edifice of his fair fame upon a
“ In making thismotion, I trust it good and solid foundation -- upon the
will not appear presumptuous or offi- firm basis of conscientious principle.
cious, if I address a few words to the He was ardent in the pursuit of truth ;
House upon this melancholy occasion. he was inflexible in his adherence to
I am aware that it is rather an unusual the great principles of justice and of
course ; but, without endeavouring to right. Whenever he delivered in this
institute a parallel with other instances, House the ideas of his clear and intel
 Memoir of Francis Horner , Esq. 5
1817.)
ligent mind, he employed that chaste, hope I shall stand acquitted , but for
simple, but at the same time, nervous having paid so imperfect and inade
and impressive style of oratory which quatea tribute to the memory of my
seemed admirably adapted to the elu- departed friend . "
cidation and discussion of important Mr CANNING.- '. Of all theinstances
business : it seemed to combine the wherein the same course has been a
force and precision of legal argument dopted, as that which my Noble Friend
with the acquirements and knowledge has pursued with so much feeling and
of a statesman . good taste on this occasion, I do not
S
“ Of his political opinions it is not remember one more likely than the
necessary for me toenter into any de- present to conciliate thegeneral appro
tailed statement; they are sufficiently bation and sympathy of the House.
known , and do not require from me “ I, Sir, had not thehappiness (a hap
any comment or illustration . I am piness now counterbalanced by a pro
confident that his political opponents portionate excess of sorrow and regret)
will admit, that he never courted po- tobe acquainted personally, in private
pularity by any unbecoming or un- life, with the distinguished and ami
worthy means ; they will have the able individual whose loss we have to
candour to allow , that the expression deplore. I knew him only within the
of his political opinions, however firm , walls of the House of Commons. And
manly, and decided, was untinctured even here, from the circumstance of
with moroseness, and unembittered my absence during the last two ses
with any personal animosity orrancor- sions, I had not the good fortune to
ous reflection . From these feelings he witness the later and more matured
was effectually exempted bythe opera, exhibition of his talents ; which ( as I
tion of those qualities which formed am informed, and can well believe) at
the grace and the charm of his private once kept the promise of his earlier
life. years, and opened still wider expecta
r6 But successful as his exertions tions of future excellence.
were, both in this House and in the “ But I had seen enough of him to
Courts of Law , considering the con- share in those expectations, and to be
tracted span of his life, they can only sensible of what this House and the
be lookedupon as the harbingers of his country have lost by his being so pré
maturer fame, as the presages and the maturely taken from us.
anticipations of a more exalted reputa- “ He had, indeed , qualifications emi
tion. But his career was prematurely nently caloulated to obtain and to de
closed . That his loss to his family serve success. His sound principles
and his friends is irreparable, can be his enlarged views - his various and
readily conceived ; but I may add, that accurate knowledge the even tenor
to this House and the country it is a of his manly and temperate eloquence
loss of no ordinary magnitude ; in these the genuineness ofhis warmth , when
times it will be severely felt. In these into warmth he was betrayed - and,
times, however, when the structure of above all, the singular modesty with
the constitution is undergoing close which he bore his faculties, and which
and rigorous investigation , on the part shed a grace and lustre over them all ;
of some with the view of exposingits these qualifications, added to the known
defects, on the part of others with that blamelessness and purity of his private
of displaying its beauties and perfec- character, did not moreendear him to
tions, wemay derive some consolation his friends, than they' commanded the
from the reflection, that a man not respect of those to whom he was op
possessed of the advantagesof heredi- posed in adverse politics ; they ensur
tary rank or of very ample fortune, ed to every effortof his abilities an at
was enabled , by the exertion of his tentive and favouring audience ; and
own honourableindustry - by the suc- secured for him, as the result of all, a
cessful cultivation of his native talents, solid and unenvied reputation .
to vindicate to himself a station and “ I cannot conclude, sir, without ad
eminence in society, which the proud- verting to a topic in the latter part of
est and wealthiestmight envy and ad- the speech of my Noble Friend, upon
mire. which I most entirely concur with
" I ought to apologize to the House, him . It would not be seemly to mix
not, I trust, for having introduced the with the mournful subject ofour pre
subject to their notice, for of that I sent contemplation any thing of a con
 Mémoir ofFrancis Horner, Esq. [ April
troversial nature ; but when , for the tigable industry, and stern integrity,
second time within short course of must be a severe public loss ; but no
years, the name of an obscure borough man , who has not had the happiness
is brought before 'us as vacated by the the blessing, Imight say- to have
lossof conspicuous talents and charac- known him asa friend ; who has not
ter,* it may be permitted to me, with witnessed the many virtues and en
my avowed and notorious opinions on dearing qualitiesthat characterized him
the subject of Parliamentary Constitu- in thecircle of his acquaintance, can
tion, to state, without offence, that it adequately conceive the irreparable
is at least some consolation for the im. chasm in private life this lamentable
puted theoretical defects of that con- event has made.
stitution, that in practice it works so “ In my conscience, I believe, there
well. A system of representation can- never lived the man, of whom it could
not be wholly vicious, and altogether more truly be said , that, whenever he
inadequate to itspurposes, which sends was found in public life, he was re
to this House a succession of such men spected and admired - whenever he was
as those whom we have now in our known in private life, he was most af
remembrance, here to develope the ta- fectionately beloved.
lents with which God has endowed " I will no longer try the patience
them , and to attain that eminence in of the House : I was anxious, indeed,
the view of their country, from which that they should bear with me for a
they may be one day called to aid her few moments, whilst I endeavoured ,
counsels, and to sustain her greatness not
and to add ion
venerat my intribute
whichtohis
thememory
regard
and her glory .”
Mr MANNERS Sutton . " I know ought, and assuredly will be held ;
not whether I ought, even for a mo- but whilst I endeavoured , however
ment, to intrude myself on the House : feebly, to discharge a debt of grati
I am utterly incapable of adding any tude, and do a justice to my own feel.
thing to what has been so well, so ings.”
feelingly , and so truly stated on this Mr Wynn said , " that his Noble
melancholy occasion ; and yet I hope, Friend (Lord Morpeth ), and his Right
without the appearance of presump- Hon. Friend who had last spoken (Mr
tion , I may be permitted to say, from M. Sutton ), had expressed themselves
the bottom of my heart, I share in concerning their departed friend with
every sentiment that has been ex- that feeling of affection and esteem
pressed . which did them so much honour, and
“ It was my good fortune,some few which was heightened by their habits
years back , to livein habitsof great in- of intimacy, and their opportunitiesof
timacy and friendship with Mr Hor- observing his character ; but the vir
ner : change of circumstances, my tues by which he was distinguished
quitting the profession to which we were not confined within the circle of
both belonged, broke in upon those his acquaintance, or concealed from
habits of intercourse ; butIhope and the view ofthe world. Every one who
believe I may flatter myself the feeling saw Mr Horner had the means of
was mutual. For myself, at least, I judging of histemper, his mildness,
can most honestly say, that no change and his personal virtues ; for they were
ofcircumstances - no difference of po- seen by all. He carried with him to
litics -- no interruption to our habits public life, and into the duties and the
of intercourse, even in the slightest business of hispublic station , all that
degree diminished the respect, the re- gentleness of disposition, all that ame
gard, and the affection I most sincerely nity offeeling, whichadorned his pri
entertained for him. vate life, and endeared him to his pri
“This House can well appreciate the vate friends. Amidst the heats and
heavy loss we have sustained in him contests of the House, amidst the ve
as apublic man . In these times, in- hemence ofpolitical discussion, amidst
deed in all times, so perfect a combi- the greatest conflicts of opinion and
nation of commanding talents, indefa- opposition ofjudgment, he maintained
the same mildness and serenity of dis
* Mr Windham , who represented St position and temper. No eagerness of
Tawes in 1806, died member for Higham debate, no warmth of feeling, no en
errers in 1810 . thusiasm for his own opinions, or colle
5
 7
1817.) Memoir ofFrancis Horner, Esq .
viction of the errors of others, ever commanding eloquencehad been rising
betrayed him into any uncandid con- with the important subjects on which
struction of motives, or any asperity it had been employed - how every
towards the conduct of his opponents. session he had spoken with still in
His loss was great, and would long be creasing weight and authority and
regretted . effect, and had called forth new re
Sir S. Romilly said , " that the long sources of his enlightened and como
and most intimate friendship which prehensive mind and not be led to
he had enjoyed with theHonourable conjecture, that, notwithstanding the
Member, whoseloss the House hadto great excellence which, in the last
deplore, might, he hoped, entitle him session , he had attained, yet if he had
tothe melancholy satisfactionofsaying been longer spared, he would have
a few words on this distressing occa- discovered powers not yet discovered
sion . Though no person better knew , to the House, and of which perhaps
or more highly estimated, the private he wasunconscious himself. He should
virtues of Mr Horner than himself, very ill express what he felt upon this
yet, as he was not sure that he should occasion , if he were to consider the
be able to utterwhat he felt on that extraordinary qualities which Mr Hor
subject, he would speak of him only ner possessed apartfrom the ends and
as a public man . objects to which they were directed .
“ Ofall theestimable qualities which The greatest eloquence was in itself
distinguished his character, he con only an object of vain and transient
sidered as the most valuable, that in- admiration ; it was only when enno
dependence ofmind whichfrom
so remarkable. It was inhimwas
a con- bled
plied ,bythe usesto which
when directed it and
to great wasap
vir
sciousness of that independence, and tuous ends, to the protection of the
from a just sense of its importance, oppressed, to the enfranchisement of
that, at the same time that he was the enslaved, to the extension ofknow 1

storing his mindwiththe most various ledge, todispelling the clouds of igno
knowledge on all subjects connected rance and superstition, to the advance .
with our internal economy and foreign ment of thebest interests of the coun
politics, and that he was taking a con- try, and to enlarging the sphere of
spicuous and most successful part in human happiness , that it became a
all the great questions which have national benefit and a publicblessing ;
lately been discussed in Parliament, that it was because the powerful ta
he laboriously devoted himself to all lents, of which they were now de
the painful duties of his profession . prived, had been uniformly exerted in
Though his success at the bar was not the pursuit and promoting of such
at all adequate to his merits, he yet objects, that he considered the loss
stedfastly persevered in his labours, which they had to lament as one of
and seemed to consider it as essential thegreatest which , in the present state
to his independence, that he should of this country, it could possibly have
look forward to his profession alone sustained .”
for the honours and emoluments to Mr W. ELLIOT. " Amongst his o
which his extraordinary talents gave ther friends, sir, I cannot refuse to my
him so just a claim . self the melancholy consolation of pay
“ In the course of the last twelve ing my humble tribute of esteem and
years the House had lost some of the affection to the memory of a person ,
most considerable men that ever had of whose rich, cultivated, and enlight
enlightened and adorned it : there was ened mind I have so often profited,
this , however, peculiar in their present and whose exquisite talents whose
loss. When those great and eminent ardent zeal for truth - whose just, se
men, to whom he alluded, were taken date, and discriminating judgment
from them , the House knew the whole whose forcible, but chastened eloquence
extent of the loss it had sustained, for - and, above all, whose inflexible vir
they had arrived at the full maturity tue and integrity rendered him one of
of their great powers andendowments. the most distinguished members of
But no person could recollect - how , in this House , one of the brightest orna
every year since his lamented friend ments of the profession to which he
had first taken part in their debates, belonged , and held him forth as a
his talents had been improving , his finished model for the imitation of the
faculties had been developed, and his rising generation.
 8 Memoir ofFrancis Horner , Esq. [ April
The full amount of such a loss,at everygreat question. Notwithstand
such a conjuncture, and under all the ing these differences, he had often
various circumstances and considera- said in private, that Mr Horner was
tions of the case, I dare not attempt one of the greatest ornaments of his
to estimate. My Learned Friend (Sir country , and he would now say in
S. Romilly) has well observed ,that, public, that the country could not have
if the present loss be great, the future suffered a greater loss. The forms of
is greater : for, by dispensations far Parliament allowed no means of ex
above the reach of human scrutiny, pressing the collective opinion of the
he has been taken from us at a period House on the honour due to his me
when he was only in his progress to- mory ; but it must be consolatory to
wards those highstations in the state, his friends to see, that if it had been
in which, so far as human foresight possible to have come to such a vote, it
could discern, his merits must have would certainly have been unanimous."
placed him , and which would have The subject of this well -merited
given to his country the full and praise, and of all these sincere but in
ripened benefits of his rare and admi- effectual regrets, was born at Edin
rable qualities." burgh , on the leth of August 1778.
Mr C. Grant “ had known his la- In themonth of October, *1786, he en
mented friend before he had distin- tered the high school of that city ; and
guished himself so much as he had having remained at this seminary for
subsequently done, and could not be six years, during the four first ofwhich
silent when such an opportunity oc- he was the pupil of Mr Nicol, and the
curred ofpaying a tribute to his me- two last of the celebrated Dr Adam ,
mory. Whatever difference of opinion he passed on to the university in Oca
they might have on public questions, tober 1792. In November 1795 , he
he could suspend that difference to was placed under the care of the Rev.
admire his talents, his worth , and his MrHewlett in London , with whom
virtues. It was not his talents alone he lived, and who superintended his
that were developed in his eloquence. education for a period of two years.
His eloquence displayed his heart: He then returned to Edinburgh, and
through it were seen his high -minded applied himself to the study of thelaw ,
probity, his philanthropy, his benevo- and passed advocate in the year 1800.
lence, and all those qualities which Soon after, he took up his residence in
not only exacted applause, but excited London , with the view of preparing
love. It was the mind that appeared himself for the English bar. In 1806,
in speeches that gave them character. he was appointed by the East India
He would not enter into the account Company one of the commissioners
of his private life, although his private for the liquidation of the debts of the
virtues were at least on a level with Nabob of Arcot ; but resigned this
hispublic merits. Amid all the cares laborious situation in little more than
andinterests of public life, he never two years, finding that the duties
lost his relish for domestic society ,or which it imposed on him were incom
his attachment to his family. The patible with the application due to his
last time that he (Mr G.) conversed professionalpursuits. In October 1806,
with him , he was anticipating with ħe was returned Member of Parlia
pleasure the arrival of a season oflei- ment for St Ives. The followingyear,
sure, when he could spend a short he was elected Member for Wendover,
time in the bosom of his family, and and was called to the English bar.
amid the endearments of his friends. In 1813, he was chosen to represent
When he looked at his public or pri- the borough of St Mawes in the pre
vate conduct, his virtues, or his ta sent parliament.
lents, he would be allowed to have The disease which proved fatal to
earned applause to which few other Mr Horner was an induration and
men everentitled themselves .' contraction of the lungs ; a malady,
Lord LASCELLES “ hoped to be ex- the existence of which is not marked
cused for adding a few words to what by any decided symptom, and which
had been said , though he had not the is wholly beyond the reach of medi
honour of a private acquaintance with cal aid . He died at Pisa on the 8th of
Mr Horner, whom he knew only in February 1817, aged thirty-eight years
this House, where they had almost and six months, and was interred in the
uniformly voted on opposite sides on Protestant burying -ground atLeghorn .
1817.] On the Sculpture ofthe Greeks,
on the SCULPTURE OF THE GREEKS. in every thing which respects the fine
-Γενoιμαν arts very different from ourselves; and
Ιν ' όλαεν έπεςι πονσε we must endeavour to determine the
nature and the causes of their taste ,
Προβλημ’ αλικλυσον, άκραν
Υπο πλακα Συνια without allowing ourselves to be se
duced by the depravity of ourown.
Τας τερας πως προσet- The character of the individual was
ποιμ’ αν 'Αθανάς . (every thing among the Greeks. They
Sophoclis Ajax, v . 1217. cultivated his moral part, and they
For the last two thousand years, a perfected his physical part, because
few blocks of marble, cut in resem- his physical and his moral qualities
blance of the human body, have form- were alike necessary for the purposes
ed the almost solitarysubject ofuni- of the state. Thecase is very differ
form opinion among all men, and ex- ent among modern nations. What
cited, without qualification, the uni- signifies the beauty, or even the virtue
versal admiration of the world . The of an individual, to the overgrown
Romans took them from the Greeks, empires of the west ? Removed , as we
and were not ashamed to confess them- are, to an inconceivable distance from
selves overcome by the artists of a na- the Greeks in our appreciation of the
tion which they had subdued. In the model, it is no great wonder that we
midst of wars and of triumphs, the should have little in common with
nations of Modern Europe treat these them on the principles of the imita
marbles as they do cities and provinces tion. Much difficulty might have
gain possession of them by victories, been spared us, had the numerous
and cede them by treaties. The an- writings of the Greek artists descend
cients who have written concerning ed to our hands; these, however, have
them , speak of them , like ourselves, all perished in the lapse of centuries ;
in hyperbolical expressions of enthu- and a few scattered notices, gathered
siasm ; and by the general consent of from the allusions of their poets and
Greeks, Romans, and Barbarians, these philosophers, are all that we have in
master -pieces of art have been raised their room . Among the moderns, on
to the rank of so many unfailing stand- the other hand, systems concerning
ards, by a comparison with which the theory, as well as the practice, of
alone the excellencies of the produce the arts, -onthe essence ofthe beauti
tions of nature herself can be duly ful, on the ideal, and on the principles
appreciated and admired . It is yet of imitation , -have been somultiplied ,
more wonderful, that though these that which ever side we take in any of
admirable figures have for some cen- these very difficult questions, we are
turies been made the subject of un- sure to meet with abundance of cele
ceasing imitation , they maintain to brated writers with whom we must
this hour an undisputed superiority contend, and jealous opinions which
over all the productions of the mo- ve must either confute or reconcile.
derns. We are never weary of ask- Those authors who, in treating of
ing, by what art theyhave been pro- the history of the arts , have recog
duced --and this problem has never nized the superiority of the Greeks
yet been entirely solved . In order to over their modern imitators, have ge
answer it in a satisfactory manner, it nerally attributed this superiority to
is not enough to shew wherein consists the influences of climate, ofreligion,
the perfection of the ancient statues, of political liberty, of the facility with
and by what rules of execution they which the naked figure was studied,
have been rendered so perfect as they and the recompensés with which their
are ; it is necessary to go deeper into artists were distinguished. They have
the subject, and to examine what may thought that thegenius, the physical
have been the causes of this perfection ; beauty, and a certain charm of charac
that is to say, by what train ofactions ter, which they regard as having been
and opinions the Greeks arrived at the peculiar to the Greeks, were the pro
formation and realization of those duct of the temperature of their cli
principles by which it has been pro- mate. They have said, that the ve
duced . To do this well, we must for- neration of the Greeks for the statues
get our own habits and manners ; we of their gods, and the majestic ideas
must transport ourselves into Greece of religion, had elevated the imagina
herself - into the country of a people tion of artists above the sphere of
Vol. I. B
 10 On the Sculpture of the Greeks. [ April.
sense ; that the entire liberty which an astonishing circumstance, that with
the Greeks enjoyed (that constant in a territory by no meansextensive,
source of all their revolutions and all and under the influence of a climate
their jealousies) had spread abroad almost every where the same, the dif
among them the seeds of noble and ferent states of Greece by no means
subline sentiments ; that the habit of cultivated the arts with the same zeal
seeingthe naked figure, a habit derived or the same suceess. Despised in
not only from the nature of their public Crete, and proscribed at Sparta, they
games, but even from the character of were never thought of in Arcadia,
their ordinary costume, was of itself Achaia, Ætolia, Phocis, or Thessaly.
sufficient to lead many to the imitation In Bæotia (in the native country of
of the human body ; and that, in fine, Hesiod , Pindar, and Corinna) they
the honours with which the artists were proverbially disregarded and con
were signalized , and, above all the rest, temned. In Corinth , they remained
the noble use which was made of their stationary in the second rank ;—but at
works, by consecrating them as the re- tained, alike, the full consummation of
compense of illustrious actions, must their glory in Sicyon and in Athens.
have furnished to the enthusiasm of It must moreover be evident, that the
their youth , at once opportunity and brilliant qualities which the Greeks
impatience for distinction . derived from the influence of their
It is impossible to doubt that all climate, might have been as likely to
these different causeshave contributed lead them astray as to conduct them
to the perfection of the artists. These aright. The poetical genius whichwas
theories are, in many respects, full of habitual to them , was very far from
justice and truth, but they involve, at resembling in every thing that which
the same time, many errors, and it is the inspiration of painting and of
is no difficult matter to detect thein- sculpture. These Athenians, in every
sufficiency of the systems which they thing else so light, so imprudent, so
would propose . irascible, who alternately crowned and
The history of the arts, in truth, exiled their great men — who slum
whether we compare Greeks with bered during peace, and formed vast
Greeks, or Greeks with other nations, projects of empire in the midst of ir
presents many phenomena which can reparable defeats, -shewed, in their
only be explained by a great multipli- taste relative to thefine arts, a wisdom
city of researches. In this study, as and a coolness which may be said to
in that of the natural sciences, we form the exact reverse of their natural
must be not unfrequently content to disposition. Faithfully attached to the
make almost as many definitions as same principles, they avoided , during
there are individuals. a long course of ages, all error and all
1. The Greeks had received from novelty. Somewhere else, then , than
the hand of nature a climate full of in themere heat and effervescence of
contrastsmasky sometimes of the pur- the Athenian blood, must we seek for
est azure, sometimes surcharged with the causes of this firmness, and of the
the most dark and the most tempestu- perfection to which it conducted.
ous clouds - destructive winds — the 2. Although there may be some
extremities of heat and cold - delight- ground for believing that the forms
ful vallies, full of fertility and cultiva- of the human body were in general
tion - and naked mountains, trod only more beautiful among the ancient
by a few wandering goat-herds — ca- Greeks than they were among the
verns full of deep mephitic vapours- greater part of modern nations, the
freezing springs and boiling fountains, difference between them and us, in this
all peopled with supernatural inhabito respect, could never have been so con
ants, by the superstitious fancy of the siderable as to have had any great in
heroic times. The natural effects of fluence on the arts. The countries in
these circumstances were an extreme- which these arts had made the great
ly delicate and irritable organization , est progress, were by no means those
a spirit active and curious, but capable which abounded in the most beautiful
of every excess — a character change- models. “ Quotus enim quisque for
able, turbulent, and passionate, alike mosus est ?” says Cicero : “ Athenis
disposed to love, to vanity, and to suc cum essem , e grege epheborum vix sin
perstition . guli reperiebantur.” Phryne was of
But, first ofall, it must strike us as Thebes , Glycera of Thespis, Aspasio of
 1817.) On the Sculpture ofthe Greeks. 11
Miletus ; and as we, to praise our fine than rude masses of stone, or ill -fa
women, call them Grecian beauties,the shioned pieces of timber. He adored,
European Greeks were accustomed to at Mount Elaius, a horse-headed Ce
call their mistresses Ionian beauties, res ; at Phygalia, an Eurynome, who
zaies es lours . Besides, the difficulty was half woman and half fish, like
would be by no means resolved by the idol of the barbarians of Gath ;
this difference of form , even were it and at the temple of Ephesus itself,
granted in its fullest extent; for I which was one of the seven wonders
imagine there are few who will deny, of the world, a gigantic or hierogly
that the difference between our most phical monster, with nine or ten tiers
handsome men and the most hand- of breasts. Civil usages andmanners,
7 some Athenian ,is much less consider, and the general taste, had happily
2 able than the difference between our more effect on the religion of Greece
most beautiful statues and the master than that religion had upon them .
f
pieces of the Greeks. Moreover, the But for the revolution which national
Greeks had no models in nature for genius, taste, and the arts themselves,
their architectural monuments: never- operated in the creed of the Greeks,
theless, the same character, —the evi- that people, socelebrated for the beau
dent product of the very same prin- ty of their gods, would have remain
ciples, -is displayed in their temples ed prostrate before the monsters of
as in their statues ; and, equally as in the Nile, under the despotism of their
priests. The religion of the Greeks,
them , it is to be seen in their vases,-
in their furniture — and in the most moreover, is far from being the only
common of their utensils. one which has attributed to deities the
3. The same remarks may, with a forms of men. If this religion , by
verylittle variation, be applied to their the poeticalmysterywhich it involve
religion, and to the facility of seeing ed , favoured the perfection of the arts,
the naked figure. It was the virgins and lifted the imagination of the art
ofSpartawho were so much celebrated ists above the sphere of the senses, why
for displaying their charms in the is it that the Christian religion pro
public festivals, and yet the Spartans duces no similar effects ? Did the
were no lovers of the arts. Shut up poetry or the religion of the Greeks
within the impenetrable walls of their contain any thingmore lofty and more
apartments, the women of the other imposing than the imagery of the
Grecian states did not appear even at Scriptures ? The beauty of Angels is
the Olympic games, and courtezans all that imagination can represent as
were the only models of the artists. most admirableand most divine. Mar
Our artists, on the other hand, who tyrs, Prophets, and Apostles, are at
see every day, without restraint, heads least equal in dignity with Philoso
and hands of the most exquisite ele- phers, Fauns, and Pentathletæ. The
gance, well worthy of the finest days dying resignation of the holy Stephen
of Miletus or of Sparta, produce nei- is surely as good a subject as the ex
ther heads nor hands which can bear piring shudder of a hireling gladiator.
themost remote comparison with the Moses found lying among the bul.
antique. As for the spirit of religion, rushes by the daughter of Pharoah,
I confess I am greatly inclined to is as picturesque an incident as the
banish it altogetherfrom the number discovery of Edipus by the shepherds
of those influences which were favour- of Cithæron . Samson was as strong
able to the arts of Greece. Easily ex- as Milo ; and many beauties are re
cited , and disposed for unquestioning corded in the Bible, who were at
admiration, it is little fitted forthe ex- least as worthy of the chisel of a Phi
ercise of a severe judgment; it becomes dias, as the Laises and the Elpinices
every day more and more attached to of an Athenian brothel.
its ancient idols, and adores in them 4. With regard to political liberty,
less that which it sees in reality than we see in Greece, as every where else ,
what it believes is to be seen. The free people, who have rejected the
devout Greek, who bowed himself at arts ; and others, ruled by despots, who
Olympus before the Jupiter of Phi- have cultivated them with the greatest
dias, revered at Argos, at Thespis, success. Did the arts languish at
and even in the bosom of Athens, fi- Sicyon, under Aristatus and the Cyp
ures of J uno, of Venus, of the Graces, selides ; at Athens, under Hippias ;
and of Love, which were nothing more at Samos, under Polycrates ; at Syra
12 On the Sculpture of the Greeks. [ April
cuse , under Dionysius or Gelon ? or its energy in the midst of those nume
were the Spartansenslaved at the time rous states which had succeeded them .
when theybanished Timotheus ? and Their legislators had wished to make
was it not from a free republic that use of this dangerous principle of
Plato proposed to exclude both Homer emulation - none of them seems even
and Phidias ? But there are other to have endeavoured to destroy it .
causes, concerning the power of which The laws of the different states were
there can be less matter of dispute. different. Their characters, determin
The abundance and the beauty of the ed by those laws, were, in many in
fruits of the earth are the reward of stances, little similar, except in the
the labours and the wisdom of the cul- jealousy andhatred with which they
tivator, and the very same rule holds were mutually agitated against each
concerning the productions of genius. other. But this very spirit of rival
5. It is an ancient maxim , written in ship, which entailed upon them so
every page of the historyofthe world , many calamities, gave birth at the
that honours are the food of the arts . same time to those prodigiesof genius
But honours, properly so called, that and art with which the world has so
is, recompenses accorded to artists, long been astonished . Every thing
are far from being of themselves suffi- had a definite character — every thing
cient toThe
conduct the arts subjects
to perfec. was great in afaculty
little space -- because
tion . arts require of every human was developed
exertion capable of inspiring noble by the contending passions of the
ideas, and à sane inflexible theory, Greeks. We see wars by land and
which the general taste has sanctioned wars by settarmies and fleets rapidly
and protects, and which is above being destroyed and incessantly renewed
altered or impaired by the fluctuation victories at which we cannot too much
of individual opinion . In order to wonder - andhistorians still more won
appreciate the causes of their progress derful. It seems to us,in reading the
and of their decline, and most of all history of Attica, Beotia, and the Pel
thoseof theirabsence, in climates the oponnesus, that we are occupied with
most favourable — in the midst ofriches, that of some immense territory , or ra
ofintelligence, and even of liberty it- ther of the whole world.
self - we must principally examine One great line of distinction among
hether, in the countries under our the Greeks was that, never altogether
present observation , they were so hon- forgotten , of their various origination .
oured and protected, or altogether The Dorians and the Ionians never
abandoned to their own exertions ; ceased to regard each other as different
whether they were enslaved or left at people. The one were proud of their
liberty ; whether they were reduced ancient conquest - the other of their
to flatter the tastes ofprivate frivolity, yet more ancient liberty and civiliza
or directed bythe government itself to tion. Sparta was the patroness of the
the public utility, and the glory of the Doric states, and of oligarchy ; Athens
state. These causes are more power of the Ionians, and democracy. These
ful than climate, or riches, or peace, unhappy divisions, fomented by inter
or liberty ; but thesecauses are depen- nal ambition and external violence
dent on the will of legislatures . It by Persia in the first instance, next
becomes then matter of the highest by Macedon , and last of all by the
interest, to examineby what motives treacherous policy and the overwhelm .
certain legislatures of Greece were in- ing force of Rome seemed to increase
duced to make the arts the subject of in strength as Greece advanced in her
their most anxious solicitude , while decline,and never terminatedbut in
among so many of their neighbours her ruin. It is evident, that in this
they were altogether neglected or pro- constant opposition of spirits and of
scribed . interests, the arts could by no means
In the first place, the Greeks are not be every where appreciated in the
more celebrated for the masterpieces of same manner. Aristotle reckons up no
art, than for the unequalled series less than one hundred and fifty -eight
of their political dissensions. That various forms of government, which
spirit of rivalship, which had so long had existed, or which still existed, in
agitated their petty hordes in the first Greece in his own days. It is evident,
ages of their history, lost nothing of that the arts, not being equally neces
1817.) On the Sculpture of the Greeks. 18
sary in all these governments, could not general spirit of the people. Com
possibly receive in them all the same merce is the parent of many evils, to
degree of favour. which antidotes must be discovered .
Again - the difference of local posi-It instigates to luxury ; it polishes
tion divided the Greeks into two class-the manners, and it corrupts them .
es ; those who applied themselves to Rich in moveable property, its ten ,
commerce, and those who did not. dency is to make all men cosmopo
The one honoured it because it was lites. Such, at least, was the opinion
necessary to their existence; the otherof the Greek philosophers, and the
despised it as useless to themselves, severity of their doctrines on this head
and exaggerated the inconveniences is well known. The arts, said they,
which sometimes attend its extension . are necessary in commercial countries,
Commerce would never have been not only in respect to their manufac
adapted for the haughty Thessalians, tures, for the enlightening and direc
Bæotians, and Spartans. It was not tion of the taste, -but, in a moral
the detail of commerce alone which point of view , for the animation of
these men condemned, but commerce virtue and of patriotism . To decorate
in its most general and liberal form- our native country with superb monu
as the parent of factitious and dan- ments of art — to embellish the pub
gerous wealth. The states whose lic festivals — to immortalize illustrious
territory was poor, looked on com- actions and to place before the eyes
merce as a mean of increasing their of the people the true and undegraded
power ; those, again , which were fa- images of purity and beauty ,—is at
voured by nature, could see in it only once to ennoble the ideas of men , -- to
a principle of danger and destruction. excite and nourish national pride and
It seems to be a very general opi- enthusiasm,--and to plant the most
nion, that commerce and the fine arts generous of passions in the room of
are inseparately connected : neverthe- meanness and cupidity.
less, in reviewing the history of the Plato rejected from his republic both
most celebrated commercial cities, it commerce and the arts ; but it was
is impossible not to observe, that these with a very important restriction. “ If
two sources of wealth have by no commerce must be introduced into our
means been in every instance united. republic,” says he, “ it is necessary that
Commerce, in fact, when left to follow the arts come with it ; that so, by be
its own proper inclinations, is little holding every day the masterpieces of
attentive tothe fine arts, -or rather painting, sculpture, and architecture,
appears to be wholly, ignorant of the full of graceand purity in all their
important benefits which may be de- proportions, dispositions least inclined
rived from their cultivation . The in- for the perception of elegance may
terests which occupy the mind of the be, as it were, removed into a purer
trader, are too important to admit of and more healthy atmosphere,—and
any such participation . Surrounded learn, by degrees, a taste for the
by his merchandise and his ledgers, it beautiful-- the becoming and the de
is not always an easy matter for him licate. They will learn to observe,
to lift his view towards the higher with accuracy, what is lovely or de
regions of taste and intellect. Who, fective in the works of art and of na
besides, would be willing to devote ture ; and this happy rectitude of
himself to long and painful studies, judgment will become a second nature
-to labours which are little lucrative, to their souls."* But in what re
and as little esteemed, when he has gards governments, the same favour
so many means of fortune in his will begranted to the fine arts — there
power, and sees every day the com- only where the same benefits are ex
parative promptitude and facility, pected to accrue from their cultiva
with which commercial wealth is re- tion. Their object is to make men
alized ? If the arts then prosper in love their country by the attraction
commercial cities, they are far from of honourable recompenses; how then
doing so by the mere effect of the re can they be useful in an oligarchy ?
finement of commercial men . The If they are there employed , it is al
particular vigilance, on the contrary, ways with regret. Immense edifices
and unremitting care of thelegislature, are sometimes built ; but there are
are necessary ; and these, not unfre
quently, in total opposition to the « De Rep . L. viii.
 14 On the Soulpture ofthe Greeks. [ April
few statues orpictures. The patriot- that he is deprived of them — nor hon
ism of the nobles is excited by inter- ours, but in those which he accords to
ests too powerful to require any sub- other men ; who,far from publicoffices,
ordinate assistance. If the govern- but too easily forgets the public in
ment be founded on justice and virtue, terest, and almost always considers it
thedanger of luxury isapprehended ; as something separated from his own ;
--if it be tyrannical, the still greater whose carelessness, in fine, is yet more
danger of intelligence and discontent. dangerous than either his errors or
Honours, in which the artist is par. his impetuosity. The true objects for
taker with the hero, if they become which the arts are fostered by such
necessary in such a government as a government as this, is to impose
this, announce the feebleness of its on his imagination by majestic and
laws, and give presage of its ruin. imperishable monuments to feed his
Cato refused the honour of a statue, enthusiasm by statues and pictures
-this might perhaps be pride in him, by the commemoration of the illustri
but it was also the effect ofhis system : ous deeds and the national grandeur ,
-in the opinion of Cato, he did no with the glory and the antiquity of
more in rejecting the statue than ful- the common ancestors of the people ;
fil a duty incumbent on every patri- to immortalize for him the history of
cian . his country — to create magnificent
On the other hand, all the fine arts public possessions for those who are
harmonize well with the monarchical poor inpersonal goods— to inspire and
form of government. The throne to nourish that national pride, which
cannot be too much adorned . The is one of the most unfailing signs of
power of the prince is increased by the good laws, and one of the best omens
splendour of the arts with which he of political endurance. The import
is surrounded . What have they not ance of their destination under such a
done for the majesty of Francis, Leo, government as this, calls down on the
and Lewis ? If the influence of par- arts the anxious benevolence of the
ticular tastes does not always permit legislature. They find, moreover, yet
them to enjoy durable success, it is another cause of perfection in the ne
nevertheless true, that the well -directed cessity of placing works intended for
favours of a few princes have, at some such purposes under the eyes of the
remarkable periods, ensured to them public ; and consequently, in order to
the admiration of every succeeding save the glory of the whole nation ,
age. they are obliged to follow no guide
With regard to democracy - I mean but the general taste. The union of
those governments in which the de- these two causes in Athens, gave rise
mocratical principle is predominant , to the most brilliant and durable suc
the political liberty enjoyed by the cesses ; and the motto at the head of
artists under such a form of polity, this paper is a fair transcript of those
has been too often confounded with feelings of romantic admiration with
the importance it sometimes attaches which every Athenian regarded the
to the fine arts, with the occasion and beauties and the magnificence of his
the means which it affords for deliber- native land.
ate improvement, and maturity of ex- But is it really true, that liberty
cellence. A state governed in this man- would not be sufficient of herselfalone
ner, may be rich or poor, commercial or to ensure the prosperity of the arts ?
without commerce. If it be poor,--of The best way to answer this question
small extent,-far from the sea,-and is, to review the facts by which I con
happy in its simplicity, the inhabit- ceive the theory I have laid down is
ants of this fortunate land will have to be supported. We have seen that
no need ofadventitious and empassion- the Greek people were divided into
ating aids. But if, on the other hand, two classes, those who cultivated com
it is desired to unite commerce with merce, and those who did not. The
liberty, and riches with morality,—the arts followed the same division ; in
attempt is assuredly a bold one,-its general, the commercial states were
success the masterpiece of legislative more favourable to the arts, and the
genius. It is necessary to inspire with uncommercial less. Among those
love to his country, not the rich man which had no sort of application to
alone, the noble, or the merchant, but commerce, whatever the form of go
o who knows not riches, but to feel vernment might be, the arts were ne
1817.) On the Sculpture ofthe Greeks. 15

glected, or even prohibited and ban- occupation of slaves. Cicero himself

ished . Among those trading states found it proper to affect in public a
which were oligarchical in their go- contempt for the arts, as well as for
vernment, the arts took little root, and philosophy,* although we well know
never reached above the secondary that both formed the chief ornament
rank of excellence. Among those and delight of his retirement. Sallust
commercial states again, which were - the attic Sallust, in describing the
governed by kings, and yet more con- corruption of the army led by Sylla
stantly among those which were go- into Greece, places the taste which the
verned by a democracy , they attain- soldiers thereacquired for the fine arts,
ed the summit of perfection . Among in the same rank with their drunken
these last, the masterpieces which ex- ness and their debauchery.t Virgil
cite our wonder were for the greater told the Romans, that to animate brass
part produced. From these facts we and marble was an object little wor
may, I apprehend, extract a propor- thy their ambition ; and Seneca (even
tional scale, by which we may mea- in the days of Nero, himself an artist ),
sure the progress, not of the Greeks inspired with some remnant of the
alone, but of all ancient nations and spirit of a vir consularis, asks contemp
even of the moderns themselves . To tuously by what right the unmaniy
enter minutely into this part of the arts of painting,sculpture, andfiddling,
subject wouldrequire a volume. The are entitled tothe appellation of liberal?
justice of mygeneral positions will, I If, on the otherhand , we recall to
trust, be sufficiently manifest to any our remembrance those states in which
one who throws even a hasty glance the arts have been carriedto the sum
over the names and the history of the mit of excellence, we shall find every
ancient states ;-of Achaia, ever poor where the confirmation of the same
and ever virtuous, but ever destitute theory: Argos, constantly governed
of the arts ;-of rude and mountain- by a democracy, and sharing in the
ous Phocis, where even the presence advantages of commerce much less
of all the treasures, and all themaster- than those states which were her
pieces of Delphos, couldnot work any rivals, was as much celebrated as any
change on the natural habits of the of them for the excellence of her
people ;-of Macedon ,—of Sparta, - artists, althoughfar from being dis
of Crete,-of Thebes ;-and above all, tinguished bythe number of her
of Corinth and of Carthage - two monuments. The same was the case
states which, as they were the most at Samos, Sicyon, Rhodes, Agrigen
favourably situated for commercial tum , and Syracuse, as well as in
speculations, so they gave themselves Athens herself, and her colonies.
up with theleast restriction to the in- Every where we find the arts flour
fluence of the pure commercial spirit, ishing most in those commercial
—whose legislatures, in short, at no states which were governed in the
time sought to superadd to their solid most democratical manner, or where
prosperity the embellishment and re- the democracy was scarcely ever in
finement of the arts . terrupted, except by the short- live
Rome, in fine, which, in spite ofthe ed reignsof a few princes whoowed
turbulence of her tribunes, was ever their elevation altogether to the favour
governed by the senate , whose proud of thepeople.
and haughty spirit loaded the banks Nothing was the product of chance .
of the Tiber with edifices the most Every where the state of the arts
extensive and imposing, received with corresponded to the will of the le
difficulty the painting and the sculp- gislature. It would be in vain to
ture of the Greeks. Towards the fall trust to commerce, or even to liberty
indeed of the republic, and under the herself, for carrying them to perfec
emperors, these became a subject of tion ; commerce and liberty are of use to
amusement and ostentation ; but that them , only because they tend to pro
legislation which had done every thing cure for them the particular favour of
for their victories, had by no means the legislature,-and it is to that fa
disposed the spirit of the Romans for vour alone, however obtained , that
the appropriation of the arts, and they always owe any thing which de
accordingly the habit of seeing them
cultivated by conquered nations, made * Cic. iii. Verr. passim .
them view them at all times us the of De bello Cat. c . ii.
 16 Description of Venice. [ April
serves the name of more than a mere töres aquarum .” This truly colossal
temporary triumph. Such , as we have rampartpasses through a morass, from
seen, is the picture every where pre- l'Isle di Chiusa on the west, along
sented to us by the history of the arts l'Isle di Murassi, to the Bocca dei
among the ancients ; at Sparta , at Porto on the east, being an extent
Rome, at Marseilles, the republican nearly of three miles. Towards the
austerity rejected them ; at Carthage land side, it is terminated by a wall
commercial ignorance neglected them ; about ten feet high and four feet
at Athens they were encouraged from broad. If one stands on the top of
motives of policy ; and they prosper- thiswall, the whole is seen slanting
ed at Sicyon and Syracuse, by the on the other side till it majestically
wisdom and magnificence of enlight- dips into the Adriatic ; and the mag
ened princes. In all climates nature nitude of the undertaking forcibly
fits men for the enjoyment of the arts ; strikes the spectator's mind.The
in every climate, and under every form slanting part of the work commences
of government, their success is the re- about two feet and a half below the
sult of public munificence, and the fa- top of the wall, and descends towards
vour of the laws. Q. the water by two shelves or terraces.
A great part of the embankment is of
STATE OF THE CITY
close stone-work : this vast piece of
OF
PRESENT
VENICE .
solid masonry is about fifty feet broad,
measuring from the top of the wall
For the following particulars res- to the water's edge. The stones are
pecting the present state ofthe city of squared masses of primitive limestone,
Venice, and especially for the descrip- or r solid marble ; " they are very
tion of its great mole or pier, weare large, and are connected by Puzzılana
indebted chiefly to the communication earth, brought from Mount Vesuvius.
of a gentlemanof this city, who lately Beyond this pile of masonry many
visited that celebrated spot. loose blocks of marble are placed, and
Venice, it is well known, is built on extend a considerable way into the
a cluster of islets, situated among the Adriatic. When very high tides oc
shallows which occur near the head of cur, accompanied with wind, the waves
the Adriatic Gulf. The houses and break over the whole pier ; and some
spires seem to spring from the water ; times, on these occasions, part of the
canals are substituted for paved streets, loose blocks are thrown up and lodged
and long narrow boats , or gondolas, upon the level part of the rampart:
for coaches. Some parts of the city itmay be questioned, therefore, if this
are elegant, exhibiting fine specimens exterior range of loose masses of stone
of the architecture of Palladio ; but be not likely to prove rather detrimen
the splendid Place of St Mark is no tal than useful. Near to this pier,
longer thronged by Venetian nobles ; on the side next the sea, there is water
the cassinos are comparatively desert- for vessels of considerable size. The
ed ; and the famed Rialto bridge has great object of the work is to guard
ceased to be distinguished for its rich the Lagoon on its south and most
shops and their matchless brocades. assailable point, “ contra mare," as the
The ancient brazen horses have re- inscription bears ; and but for it, Ve
turned from their travels to Paris; but nice, it is thought, would by this time
Venice has not been suffered to resume have been in ruins, from the gradual
its consequence as the capital of an in- encroachments of the sea. It is kept
dependent state ; the bucentaur is rot- in good order, and seems lately, during
ten, and there is no longer any Doge the dominion of the French , to have
to wed the Adriatic. received extensive repairs. This mag
The great mole is situated about nificent work is said to have excited
seventeen miles to the south of Venice. even the admiration of Napoleon,
Itwas begun so long ago as the year which he has marked by this inscrip
1751, and it was not completed when tion : Ausu Romano, ære Veneto .
the French revolution broke out. On It may be noticed , that the part of
one part of the wall were inscribed the rampart next to the entrance of
the harbour, was the scene of many
these words : “ Ut sacra æstuaria, ur-
bis et libertatis sedes, perpetuo con- combats between the French troops
servetur, colosseas moles ex solido and the English sailors, during the
marmore contra mare posuere cura- blockade of Venice by our navy. The
2
Apri
1817. ] On Bunks for Savings. 17
plossa
, from rigour of this blockade is notgener- man condition
power have been extended, and
along ally known ; so effectual did itprove, the of the lower orders
ca del that numbers of the native inhabit- of society ameliorated, a very con
extent ants, particularly of the lower orders, spicuous place ought to be assigned
Is the such asgondoliers, absolutely perished to the establishmentof SavingBanks,
through famine. They have originated in a spirit of
fest On the Isle di Murassi, already pure benevolence placed within the
top of mentioned, are a number of houses, of reach of the lowest and most help
a pretty enough appearance at a dis- less portion of the community the
tically tance, but miserable on a nearer view ; means of a secure and profitable de
mag. they are inhabited by fishermen, who, posite, ofwhich theyarenow eagerly
rciblr with their wretched and squalid wives availing themselves-- and in propor
The and children , flock around a stranger, tion as they are multiplied and ex
Bench begging with deplorable looks and tended, so must necessarily be the in
w the tones of penury and want. The great dustry, the frugality, the foresight,
-wards independence,
Laguna,or shallow lake, also already and the comparative of
fraces
mentioned , varies in depth from half the lower classes. What is no small
t is of a foot to three and four feet and more recommendation - no complicated or
ece of From the eastern termination of the expensive machinery is required for
nroad,
pier at the Bocco del Portò, the course either their formation or their manage
of the deeper channel, accessible to ment; the time of the contributors
es are very large vessels to the port of Ve needs not be wasted indiscussions and
-stone, nice, is marked out by wooden stakes, arrangements to which their know
or beacons, placed at short distances.ledge and habits are but ill adapted ;
vert The long continued blockade of the and no opportunity is afforded for
enlana
uvius
English annihilated the commerce of combination. Every one may lodge
many
the port,and proved very disastrous to and withdraw his little hoard 'accord
and
the Venetian vessels, manyofwhich be- ing to his convenience, instead of the
o the
came ruinous, and have been found time and amount being prescribed
es OC
incapable of repair. For some days and enforced by penalties, by which
Waves
during September last (1816), only the savings of many years may, with
Some
two vessels cleared out at the custom- out any delinquency which it was in
house - one for Constantinople, and the contributor's power to avoid, be
f' the another for Corfu . Abouthalf a doz- suddenly transferred to his lessneedy
odged en of small craft, Swedish , Danish , or more fortunate associates. To give
part:
f'this Dutch , and Italian, were then lying facility and encouragement to thela
stone
at the births, waiting for cargoes , but bourer to save a little when it is in
mer
with little expectation of obtaining his power to save, with the most per
them . During the war, capital was fect liberty to draw it back, with in
pier, wasted , and mercantile spirit extin- terest, when his occasions require it,
rater
The
guished ;itisnot surprising, there is the primary object, and ought to be
uard fore, to find the commerce of Venice the sole object, of this institution.
at the lowest ebb. The merchants are Much of the distress of the lower or .
mnost ders may thus come to be relieved
s the
now endeavouring to obtain from the
Austrian government someadvantages, from their own funds, instead of their
Veo at the expense of the rival portsof having recourse to poor rates or pri.
time Leghorn and Trieste, but withslender vate charity.
dual hopes of success ; and it is not perhaps It does not seem necessary to enter
kept these establishments,
without reason , that the Venetians into the details ofsufficiently
ringen have begun to despair of any signal which are now numerous
nare
revival of the commerce of this ancient to furnish room for selection, what
mago and once celebrated emporium - to ever may be the local circumstances
ited which Europe, it may be remarked, in which it may be proposed to intro
CON , was indebted for the invention of pub- duce them . Nor is it consistent with
rip lic banks. my presentpurpose , and the limits to
0. which this letter must be confined, to
t of ON THE CONSTITUTION AND MORAL examine the rules by which their busi
of EFFECTS OF BANKS FOR THE SAV ness is conducted. Little, that is of
ang INGS OF INDUSTRY. real utility on this head, can be added
mops MR EDITOR, to what has been already laid before
the Among the numerous modern dis- the public,in the numerous pamphlets
The coveries, by which the limits of hu- and reports which this interesting
VOL . I. C
16 Description of Venice. [ April
serves the name of more than a mere tores aquarum .” This truly colossal
temporary triumph . Such , as we have rampart passes through a morass, from
seen, is the picture every where pre- l'Isle di Chiusa on the west, along
sented to us by the history of the arts l'Isle di Murassi, to the Bocca del
among the ancients ; at Sparta , at Porto on the east, being an extent
Rome, at Marseilles, the republican nearly of three miles. Towards the
austerity rejected them ; at Carthage land side, it is terminated by a wall
commercial ignorance neglected them ; about ten feet high and four feet
at Athens they were encouraged from broad. If one stands on the top of
motives of policy ; and they prosper- this wall, the whole is seen slanting
ed at Sicyon and Syracuse, by the on the other side till it majestically
wisdom and magnificence of enlight- dips into the Adriatic ; and the mag
ened princes . In all climates nature nitude of the undertaking forcibly
fits men for the enjoyment of the arts ; strikes the spectator's mind. The
in every climate, and under every form slanting part of the work commences
of government, their success is the re- about two feet and a half below the
sult of public munificence, and the fa- top of the wall, and descends towards
vour ofthe laws. Q. the water by two shelves or terraces.
A great part of the embankment is of
PRESENT STATE OF THE CITY OF
close stone -work : this vast piece of
VENICE .
solid masonry is about fifty feet broad ,
measuring from the top of the wall
For the following particulars res- to the water's edge . The stones are
pecting the present state ofthe city of squared masses of primitive limestone, 3

Venice, and especially for the descrip- or “ solid marble ; ” they are very
tion of its great mole or pier, we are large, and are connected by Puzzulana
indebted chiefly to the communication earth , brought from Mount Vesuvius.
of a gentlemanof this city, who lately Beyond this pile of masonry many
visited that celebrated spot. loose blocks of marble are placed, and
Venice, it is well known, is built on extend a considerable way into the
a cluster of islets, situated among the Adriatic. When very high tides oc
shallows which occur near the head of cur, accompanied with wind, the waves PE

the Adriatic Gulf. The houses and break over the whole pier ; and some
spires seem to spring from the water ; times, on these occasions, part of the
canals are substituted for paved streets, loose blocks are thrown up and lodged
and long narrow boats, or gondolas, upon the level part of the rampart:
for coaches. Some parts of the city it may be questioned , therefore, if this
are elegant, exhibiting fine specimens exterior range of loose masses of stone
of the architecture of Palladio ; but be not likely to prove rather detrimen
the splendid Place of St Mark is no tal than useful. Near to this pier,
longer thronged by Venetian nobles ; on the side next the sea, there is water
the cassinos are comparatively desert- for vessels of considerable size. The
ed ; and the famed Rialto bridge has great object of the work is to guard
ceased to be distinguished for its rich the Lagoon on its south and most
shops and their matchless brocades. assailable point, “ contra mare," as the
The ancient brazen horses have re- inscription bears ; and but for it, Ve
turned from their travels to Paris ; but nice, it is thought, would by this time
Venice has not been suffered to resume have been in ruins, from the gradual
encroachments of the sea. It is kept
its consequence as the capital of an in-
in good order, and seems lately, during
dependent state ; the bucentaur is rot-
ten, and there is no longer any Dogethe dominion of the French, to have
to wed the Adriatic. received extensive repairs. This mag
The great mole is situated about nificent work is said to have excited
even the admiration of Napoleon,
seventeen miles to the south of Venice.
It was begun so long ago as the yearwhich he has marked by this inscrip
“ Ausu Romano, ære Veneto."of
1751, and it was not completed when tionIt :may
the French revolution broke out. On be noticed , that the part
one part of the wall were inscribed the rampart next to the entrance of
thesewords : “ Utsacra æstuaria, ure the harbour, was the scene of many
bis et libertatis sedes, perpetuo con- combats between the French troops
servetur, colosseas moles ex solido and the English sailors, during the
armore contra mare posuere cura blockade of Veniceby our navy. The
2
1817.] On Bunksfor Savings. 17
rigour of this blockadeisnot gener man power have been extended, and
ally known ; so effectual did it prove, the condition of the lower orders
that numbers of the native inhabits of society ameliorated, a very .con
ants, particularly of the lower orders, spicuous place ought to be assigned
such as gondoliers, absolutely perished to the establishment of Saving Banks.
through famine. They have originated in a spirit of
On the Isle di Murassi, already pure benevolence - placed within the
mentioned , are a number of houses,of reach of the lowest and most help
a pretty enough appearance at adis- less portion of the community the
tance, but miserable on a nearer view means of a secure and profitable de
they are inhabited by fishermen, who, posite, ofwhich they are now eagerly
with their wretched and squalid wives availing themselves and in propor
and children , flock around a stranger, tion as they are multiplied and ex
begging with deplorable looks and tended, so must necessarily be the in
tones of penury and want. The great dustry, the frugality, the foresight,
Laguna, or shallow lake, also already and the comparative independence, of
mentioned, varies in depth from half the lower classes. What is no small
a foot to three and four feet and more recommendation - no complicated or
From the eastern termination of the expensive machinery is required for
pier at the Bocco del Porto, thecourse either their formation or their manage
of the deeper channel, accessible to ment ; the time of the contributors
very large vessels to the port of Ve needs not be wasted indiscussions and
nice, is marked out by wooden stakes, arrangements to which their know
ledge and habits are but ill adapted ;
or beacons, placed at short distances.
The long continued blockade of the and no opportunity is afforded for
English annihilated the commerce of combination. Every one may lodge
the port, and proved very disastrous to and withdraw his little hoard ‘accord
the Venetian vessels, many of which be- ing to his convenience, instead of the
came ruinous, and have been found time and amount being prescribed
incapable of repair. For some days and enforced by penalties, by which
during September last (1816), only the savings of many years may, with
two vessels cleared out at the custom- out any delinquency which it was in
house - one for Constantinople, and the contributor's power to avoid , be
another forCorfu. About half a doz- suddenly transferred to his less needy
en of small craft, Swedish , Danish, or more fortunate associates. To give
Dutch, and Italian , were then lying facility and encouragement to thela
at the births, waiting for cargoes, but bourer to save a little when it is in
with little expectation of obtaining his power to save, with the most per
them . During the war, capital was fect liberty to draw it back , with in
wasted , and mercantile spirit extin- terest, when his occasions require it,
guished ; it is not surprising, there- is the primary object, and ought to be
fore, to find the commerce of Venice the sole object, of this institution .
at the lowest ebb . The merchants are Much of the distress of the lower or
now endeavouring to obtain from the ders may thus come to be relieved
Austrian governmentsome advantages, from their own funds, instead of their
at the expense of the rival portsof having recourse to poor rates or pri
Leghorn and Trieste, but withslender vate charity.
hopes of success ; and it is not perhaps It does not seem necessary to enter
without reason , that the Venetians into the details of these establishments,
have begun to despair of any signal which are now sufficiently numerous
revival of the commerce of this ancient to furnish room for selection, what
and once celebrated emporium - to ever may be the local circumstances
which Europe, it may be remarked , in which it may be proposed to intro
was indebted for the invention of pub- duce them. Nor is it consistent with
lic banks. my present purpose, and the limits to
which this letter must be confined , to
ON THE CONSTITUTION AND MORAL examine the rules by which their busi
EFFECTS OF BANKS FOR THE SAV ness is conducted. Little, that is of
INGS OF INDUSTRY. real utility on this head, can be added
MR EDITOR, to what has been already laid before
Among the numerous modern dis- thepublic, in the numerous pamphlets
coveries, by which the limits of hu- and reports which this interesting
Vol . I. с
16 On Banhus for Savings. ( April
novelty has produced, and in the pe- tainly is, that to place the Lord Lieu
riodical works in which their merits tenant, the Members of Parliament,
have been discussed. What is want and the Sheriff of the county, for the
ed, is not the knowledge of minute time being ,among the honorary mem
particulars regarding the plan and bers of so humble an institution as a
conduct of the establishment, which bank forthe savings of the labourers
ought to be varied, perhaps, with any of a small district, is calculated to call
considerable difference in the num- downridiculeon thewholeundertaking.
ber and character of the contributors, But should these gentlemen , consti
and in the tract ofcountry over which tuted members of the bank merely in
it is expected to extend. I shall there virtue oftheir official situations, choose
fore content myself at present with a to interfere with the details of its busi
few remarks on the nature and pur- ness, either directly or indirectly, with
pose ofSaving Banks in general, which out having first acquired by their per
after all that has been written on the sonal character, or the interest they
subject, do not seem to be well under- may have taken in the prosperity of
stood even by some of those who have the institution , the confidence of the
made the most meritorious exertions great body of the depositors,there is
in promoting them . every reason to believe that the con
It cannot be too frequently recome sequences would be most pernicious.
mended to those who may take the The lower classes would be ready to
lead in establishing banks for save suspect, whether with or without rea
ings, to study to combine simplicity sonis of little consequence, that the
with security,and to give to them such knowledge of their circumstances, and
a constitution as maynotcontain with the control over their funds, possess
in itself the seedsof dissension and ed by these official characters , might
party spirit. While the security of be employed in enforcing obnoxious
the funds is not impaired, a preference measures of public policy. And on
should always be given to what is sim- every occasion, whenthe popular feel
ple, and promises to be permanent, ing is opposed to the enactments of
over whatis artificial, of a remote or the legislature, how soon soever it may
doubtful tendency, or merely calculat- subside, we might expect to see such a
ed for producing a temporary effect. run made upon our Saving Banks, as
Upon this principle I would venture happens on a larger scale ofbusiness,
to suggest that a Saving Bank should whenever the creditors of individuals,
approach as nearly as possible in its of societies, or of the public, begin to
character to a Mercantile Bank -- that lose confidence in the prudence or
no inquiry into the character or con- ability with which the affairs of their
duct of the depositors should be toler. debtors are conducted. Add to this,
ated for a moment--that the choice the habitual jealousy which the lower
of managers should not in general be classes have been taught to entertain
vested in the depositors, nor the mana- of their rulers, so frequently kindled
gers themselves taken from that body, into phrenzy by the arts of the disaf
and that it shouldbe kept entirely fected ; and itmay be laid down as a
distinct fromBenefit So Annu- rule, that in thesesimple institutions,
ity Schemes, Loan Banks ; and its which ought to have no other object
provisions strictly confined to its own than the ostensible one, every ground
proper object of safe custody and for suspecting the influence of govern
prompt payment with interest. ment shouldbe carefully excluded , as
In hazarding this opinion, it is not not only unnecessary , but likely to be
necessary to deny theinfluence of great injurious.
names on the list of honorary and ex- With this impression , it is impos
traordinary members, in giving a mo- sible nottofeel some degree of alarm
mentary eclat to a new institution, at the Bill introduced into Parliament
and in inspiring the public with con- last Session by Mr Rose. As I do not
fidencein its respectability. But it know the provisions of this Bill in its
may well be doubted , whether afterthe amended form , I shall only venture to
advantages of a Saving Bank have been observe, that the clause which requires
generally understood, a parade of inef- the funds of the Saving Banks to be
ficient officers will contribute much to invested in government securities,
its permanency, and to its utilityamong ought on no account to be extended
the lowerclasses. Myown opinion cer- to Scotland , where banks of the most
 1917.) On Banks for Savings. 19

undoubted responsibility are always tion, but which isnot the less just
ready to receive, and to pay four per when this obvious distinction of char
cent. interest for money deposited ; acter is, as I am inclined to think it
and some of which have displayed so should be, preserved , both in its ori
much liberality, as to allow even five ginal constitution and in the conduct
per centon the deposites of Saving of its affairs.
Banks. It may be doubted, whether I have already expressed my con
such a clause would be advisable even viction , that a Saving Bank, in its char
for England. The first and imme- acter, ought as nearly as possible to
diateadvantage of such a provision,it approach to a common trading bank,
is said , is greater security ; and the or to that branch of its business which
next and more remote one, that it will consists in receiving and returning
give the lower classes a greater interest money deposited ; and, as in Scotland,
in the stability of the government. But with interest for the time it has been
its disadvantages are notless obvious, under its care. Whatever departure
and to manymay appear to prepon- from this principle, therefore, may be
derate in the scale. From every just desirable in the commencement of a
view of the nature and object of Save very limited local establishment, such
ing Banks, every thing that has the as the parish bank of Ruthwell, in
appearance of compulsion must be ex . Dumfriesshire, the inconvenienceand
cluded This is one fundamental danger that must be felt from the po
principle which should not be lost pular election of the officers of a nu
sight of in any of its operations. merous and extensive association, com
Against this greater security, too, posed, with few exceptions, of the
must be placed theperpetualandoften, least informed portion of thecommu .
even to well-informed people, the un- nity, seem to outweigh all the advan
accountable fluctuation of the public tages which have been ascribed to it.
funds, produced, as is well known,by While the institution is in its infancy,
means not always the most creditable, and the zeal for its success, which in
and therefore more likely to irritate some measure supplies the want of ex
the minds of the depositors than to perience in the managers, may be par
attach them to their rulers. Besides, amount to every other feeling in the
it may be asked, what is the amount minds of the depositors, there may be
of this security ,in so faras individual pogreat inconvenience in general meet
contributors are concerned ? They can- ings and periodical elections, which,
not go to the stock exchange tomake at this early period, it cannot be diffi
the purchases - themselves , but their cult for its philanthropic founders and
money must pass through the hands patrons to direct or control. But it
of two or more individuals before it is by no means probable that men,
can be invested in the public funds, whose education and property entitle
and through asmany again when they them to influence the proceedings of
chooseto withdraw it ; so that the res such associations, will alwaysbe found
ponsibility of their own directors must, ready to undertake so difficult a task,
at least in the first instance, be their and always successful in the attempt.
principal dependence ; to say nothing There iscertainly more reason to fear,
of the delay that must occur in the after the zeal of novelty has subsided,
payments of the bank , unless a con- and the founders have been removed
siderable proportion of the deposites by death or otherwise, that the man
be retained by the treasurer ,andcon- agementof theconcern may become the
sequently be unproductive. The Quar- object of caballing and intrigue among
terly Reviewers observe, (No 31) the members themselves, or among
that “ the investment of money be others in a station very little higher,
longing to friendly banks should be and be seized by men whose know
left to the direction of their members, dedge of business ,orwhose integrity, is
or tothat of the trustee, whom they far from being their chief recommen
may appoint, and from whom they dation. It would display little know
may require security for its proper ap- ledge of human nature to predict dif
1 plication ;" an observation which im- ferent consequences from the popular
plies , indeed, that the different char. election of the officers ofSaving Banks
acters of a creditor and of a member in a great town, where the association
of a Saving Bank, must necessarily be must contain a large portion of hetero
identified in the plan of its constitu- geneous and repulsive materials.
 Ok Bunks for Savings.
It may naturally be askert, wire shall Saving Bank to the management of
be the otisers of these banks # they all its details; ad the success of these
are not to be chosen by the contribue Societies as a further proof of the ad
un themselves wither out of their vantages tobe expected from the choice
Qanbuy or them the higher classes of their own fiunetionaries bythe ds
To his i might answer, byreferring positors. But a Saving Bankanda
to the highly respectable selteonsti- Benefit Society are seallys äittaa
watend banking companies in every part in the information md creuestas
Bratin , dus.I am aware that the an- of their members, as in the object.
tegen betweetloseant saving Banks The frequentmeeting e bezett 器
* DYR Mais umpiete . The object dieties , or of their committee , Št
se pruit of the partners, sssary for the admission of see
Wiertne that the other ought to be bers, and for suerying into elet, a
pune the retire of the labour deessions require the ey popied
ng was on this seuns, site their estadiishment The cases
Sis angers should be piieants must be pretty im ,
TART slegteske guitaitous, ar paint and se allowances made the
* & Resoroti jut ment arethe funds as they re entities
wing , 虚 WIF 度 Mp3年业建业 ,
Bán xe S would be sate the responsinity of site managers s
歌: ATE 密 NS M Sing pri 些
我 Set 会 suivalumais tumeis out tenis sisa e the moder
OSS 或And my / mini 兰
SON IN 繼 RTERNAME
NECK 還要 RMENT
Rains ser vestitke Srere nente has an equal and
“ SUS TO PRES LEE 配色
EXPERSITY Hearning 和 H 型 是
RESS NE 、 企业查
热 就 来 REEN , C 三生 就业
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1817. ) On Banks for Savings. 21

chinery which is composedof the beat the less probability there is of their
nevolence of the higher orders. It is being faithfully discharged by men
not altogether improbable, when these who give their services without a pe
banks have become very numerous, cuniary reward. The benefit to which
and stood so long and so firm, as to the depositors would be entitled, if
seem to requireonly thatprotection their stock wereconverted into an an
which the law confers onall the hon- nuity; must depend upon a variety of
estpursuitsof private interest, that circumstances, in particularupontheir
the zeal of that class, from which it is age; and the errors in calculation,
proposed the managers should be which may justly be expected to occur,
drawn,may not always be found suf- if an annuity scheme were ingrafted
ficient for the conduct of their affairs. upon à Saving Bank in country par
Should this apprehension be realized, ishes, would, in all probability, soon
much stronger reasons than at present bring ruin upon thewhole establish
will then be felt for havingrecourse to ment. It may be doubted, indeed ,
the alternative of the popular system ; how far it may be advisable to urge it
and with much less danger of incon- as a duty in the lower classes, to save
venience , after all the details of man- à part of that income which barely
agementhave become familiar by long suffices for their own maintenance , or
practice. But though I am not so to excite a blind zealfor accumulation ,
well acquainted withthelocal arrange- even though, as in thecase of Saving
ments of England , as to suggest the Banks, they be allowed to withdraw
mode of eventually supplying this their deposites at pleasure. In pro
desideratum , by means of the resident portion as the zeal of all concerned
magistracy or clergy ; yet, if Saving may at first be somewhat immoderate,
Banks shall be found in any consider- so is the danger that disappointment
abledegree to operate favourablyupon may be succeeded by indifference. All
the habits and condition of the lower that is really necessary, or perhaps ex
classes, and particularly in diminish- pedient, is to afford to the labouring
ing poor-rates, there isevery reason to classes the opportunity of depositing
hope, that the voluntary and gratui, their earnings under safe custody, and
tous services of men of property and of drawing them out again with in
education will always be supplied in terest, when theyare too small in a
abundance . In Scotland, there is per- mount to be received by mercantile
haps still less reason to fear the want banks ; and if the advantages of the
of such talents and disinterestedness. measure do not form a sufficient in
In every parish there are at least two ducement to them to avail themselves
respectable individuals,the clergyman of it, it were idle to expect success to
and schoolmaster, who may be confi- Saving Banks, as it is unjustifiable to
dently expected to undertake the exe- seek it, by any other means of excite
cutive department ; and the landed ment.
proprietors of this country, justly a- To obviate the objections which I
larmed at the progress of poor -rates in am aware may be made to this exclu
England, and anxious to ward off the sion of popular interference, I must
evil from themselves, certainly would beg leave to conclude this part of the
not hesitate to give the most ample subject with observing, that hitherto
security for thefaithfuladministration I have chiefly had in view the Saving
of all the affairs of the institution. Banks of Scotland, in which the depo
From these remarks on the object sitors are understood to be, at least the
of Saving Banks, and the principle on far greater number ofthem , of the very
which they should be formed and con- lowest description of accumulators. It
ducted, it will be seen that I am de- is for such people, principally , that
cidedly averse to the measure that has there is felt a want of SavingBanks
been recommended, of combining with in this country ; for all our mercantile
them a scheme for converting the de- banks are in the practice of receiving
posites into annuities. Those who, so small a sum as £ 10 in one payment,
from the best motives, would thus and returning it on demandwith in
hasten to rear the superstructure be- terest ; and their agents are spread
'fore the stability of the foundation has throughout almost every part of the
been proved, ought to consider, that country . But I can easily suppose,
the more complicated and laborious the that a higher class of depositors may
duties of the managers may become, avail themselves of this institution in
20 On Banks for Savings. [ April
It may naturally be asked, who shall a Saving Bank to the management' ot
be the officers of these banks, if they all its details; andthe success of these
are not to be chosen by the contribu- Societies as a further proof of the ad
tors themselves, either out of their vantages to be expected from the choice
ownbody, or from the higher classes ? of their own functionaries by the de
To this I might answer, by referring positors . But a Saving Bank and a
to the highly respectable self-consti- Benefit Society are usually as different
tuted banking companies in every part in the information and circumstances
ofBritain ; but I am aware, that the
an- of their members, as in their objects.
alogy between these and Saving Banks The frequent meeting of benefit so
is by no means complete. The object cieties, or of their committees, is ne
of the one is the profit of the partners, cessary for the admission of new mem
whereas that of the other ought to be bers, and for carrying into effect, as
to promote the welfare of the labour- occasions require, thevery purpose of
ing classes ; and, onthis account, the their establishment. The casesof ap
services of its managers should be plicants must be speedily 'examined ,
either altogether gratuitous, or paid and such allowances made to them
for at so low a rate, as to hold out no out of the funds as they are entitled
inducement, in the shape of emolu- to receive by the rules of the society.
ment, to such menasit would besafe The responsibility of the managersis
to intrust with its funds. But if there not confined to the security of the
be a want of benevolent individuals funds, but extends also to the modein
among the higher classes, of their own which they are employed, and the re
accord toincur the responsibility, and ceipts and disbursements must there
assume the direction of those Saving fore be investigated at short intervals.
Banks, which by their constitution Every member has an equal and un
exclude popular elections, it does not divided interest in the welfare of the
readily appear, that the circumstance concern, from which he cannot with
ofbeing elected by the members, per- draw himself at pleasure, like the de
haps in the face of much opposition, positor in a Saving Bank. The part
will inspire_benevolence, or insure ners of a company in which the mem
efficiency . For, let it be observed , bers reciprocally insure one another,
that whether the officers be or be not are held together by a bond of con
named by the depositors, it is indis- nexion, which can terminate only with
pensable to the success of the establish- their lives, or the dissolution of the
ment, that they should bemen of pro- partnership. Every member must
perty and education, much above the therefore be known to the great body
level of the depositors themselves. of his associates, all of whom are
Even Mr Duncan, the founder of the nearly on the same level. But itis of
Ruthwell Bank, and the advocate of importance to observe, that this level
thepopular system , has confined the is placed somewhat higher than that
choice of its office -bearers, in the first of the great body of depositors in Sav
instance, to the donors and annual be- ing Banks. The most numerous mem
nefactors of the society. It cannot well bers of benefit societies are not of the
doubted, that there are in almost class of common labourers, but men
every country parish, and certainly in bred to trades, who have had the ad
every town, a few respectable indivi- vantage of being educated in their
duals, able and willingto undertake youth, or have since acquired that
the management of aSaving Bank, knowledge of business which is neces
who might not, however, choose to at- såry to success in their professions, in
tempt the far more arduous task of which many of them arrive at inde
preserving order in a large assembly, pendence. From the very different
or ofappearing in it as candidatesfor objects and materials of a benefit so
nomination , and mixing in the dis- ciety, therefore, it cannot be inferred ,
cussions, which, on such an occasion, that the principle of their organization
can hardly fail to be introduced . iseithernecessary or suitable to that
Itmay be said , however, that there of a Bank for Savings.
can be no need for going out of the Ifwe are to look forward to the gene
society itself for the necessary office- ral establishment, and to the perman
bearers ; and the organization of Bene- ence of Saving Banks, some fears may
fit Societies may be adduced , in proof be entertained for the constant and ef
of the competency of the depositors in fective operation ofthat part of the mas
1817. ] On Banks for Savings. 21

ehinery which is composed of the be the less probability there is of their

nevolence of the higher orders. It is being faithfully discharged by men
not altogether improbable, whenthese who give their services without apé
banks have become very numerous, cuniary reward. The benefit to which
and stood so long and so firm, as to the depositors would be entitled, if
seem to requireonly that protection their stock were converted into an an
which the law confers on all the hon- nuity, must depend upon a variety of
est pursuits of private interest, that circumstances, in particular upon their
the zeal of that class, from which it is age ; and the errors in calculation,
proposed the managers should be which may justly be expected to occur,
drawn, may not always be found suf- if an annuity scheme were ingrafted
ficient for the conduct of their affairs: upon à Saving Bank in country para
Should this apprehension be realized, ishes, would , in all probability, soon
much stronger reasons than at present bring 'ruin upon the whole establish
will then befelt for having recourse to ment. It may be doubted , indeed ,
the alternative of the popular system ; how far it may be advisable to urge it
and with much less danger of incon- as a duty in the lower classes, to save
venience , after all the details of man- a part of that income which barely
agementhave become familiar by long suffices for their ownmaintenance, or
practice. But though I am not so to excite a blind zealfor accumulation ,
well acquainted with the local arrange- even though , as in thecase of Saving
ments of England , as to suggest the Banks, they be allowed to withdraw
mode of eventually supplying this their deposites at pleasure. In pro
desideratum , by means of the resident portion as the zeal of all concerned
magistracy or clergy; yet, if Saving may at first be somewhat immoderate,
Banks shall be found in any consider- so is the danger that disappointment
able degree to operate favourably upon may be succeeded byindifference. All
thehabits and condition of the lower that is really necessary, or perhaps ex
classes, and particularly in diminish- pedient, is to afford to the labouring
ing poor-rates, there isevery reason to classes the opportunity of depositing
hope, that the voluntary and gratui, their earnings under safe custody, and
tous services of men of property and of drawing them out again with in
education will always be supplied in terest, when theyare too small in a
abundance . In Scotland , there is per- mount to be received by mercantile
haps still less reason to fear the want banks ; and if the advantages of the
of such talents and disinterestedness. measure do not form a sufficient in
In every parish there are at least two ducement to them to avail themselves
respectable individuals, the clergyman of it, it were idle to expect success to
and schoolmaster, who may be confi- Saving Banks, as it is unjustifiable to
dently expected to undertake the exe- seek it, by any other means of excite
cutive department; and the landed ment.
proprietors of this country, justly a- To obviate the objections which I
larmed at the progress of poor- rates in am aware may be made to this exclu
England, and anxious to ward off the sion of popular interference, I must
evil from themselves, certainly would beg leave to conclude this part of the
not hesitate to give the most ample subject with observing, that hitherto
security for the faithfuladministration I have chiefly had in view the Saving
of all the affairs of the institution. Banks of Scotland, in which the depo
From these remarks on the object sitors are understood to be, at least the
of Saving Banks, and the principle on far greater number of them , of the very
which they should be formed and con- lowest description of accumulators. It
ducted, it will be seen that I am de- is for such people, principally , that
cidedly averse to the measure that has there is felt a want of SavingBanks
been recommended, of combining with in this country; for all our mercantile
them a scheme for converting the de- banks are in the practice of receiving
posites into annuities. Those who, so small a sum as £ 10 in one payment,
from the best motives, would thus and returning it on demandwith in
hasten to rear the superstructure be- terest ; and their agents are spread
'fore the stability of the foundation has throughout almost every part of the
been proved, ought to consider, that country. But I can easily suppose,
the more complicated and laborious the that a higher class of depositors may
duties of the managers may become, avail themselves of this institution in
 Anecdotes ofthe Pastoral Life. [ April
England, where it is not customary recently published. It is written with
forthe mercantile banks to allow in- so much ability, and with such an
terest even upon the largestdeposites. appearance of precision and of close
If associations of this kind, in that reasoning, thatthose who take a deep
country, should therefore comprise a interest in so promising an institution ,
large proportion of menof informa- cannot fail to be astonished, as well
tion , and the number of their mem- as somewhat alarmed , at the extraor
bers be consequently very limited , dinary opinion of its author, when ,
they may certainly find their account after a very imperfect, though anim
in managing their own affairs; but posing view of their probable utility,
the character of such societies has he comes to this conclusion ,-that,
but a veryslight affinity with that of “ taken by themselves, it is at least
Saving Banks. a doubt whether Saving Banks *may
Having been led to notice the re not produce as great a quantity ofevil
markable difference in the conduct of as good.” Hi.
English and Scottish banks, in regard 30th February , 1817.
to the advantage they allow to de
positors, I cannot avoid observing, TALES AND ANECDOTES OF THE
that the practice of the latter, in pay : PASTORAL LIFE .
ing interest on deposites of so small
an amount as £ 10,has materially con No I.
tributed to diffuse among the lower MR EDITOR,
orders of this country, that abstinence Last autumn, while I was staying
and foresight by which they are so a few weeks with my friend Mr
favourably distinguished from the Grumple, minister of the extensive
same class in England. The desire of and celebrated parish of Woolenhorn ,
accumulating a little capital is never, an incident occurred which hath af .
except among the very worst paid forded me a great deal of amusement ;
labourers, or such as have large fami- and as I think it may divert some of
lies, repressed in this country, by the your readers, Ishall, without further
difficulty of finding for it a secure and preface, begin the relation.
profitable depository. Partly to this We had just finished a wearisome
circumstance, perhaps, though it has debate on the rights of teind, and the
been generallyoverlooked, it may be claims which every clergyman of the
owing that so many Scotsmen have established churchof Scotland has for
beenenabled to rise from the class of
labourers ; and, by habits of applica- • It is a curious circumstance, that an
tion and economy, which are very appropriate term for those banks should
generally combined, establish them- still be wanting. “ Saving Banks,” though
they
selves in a few years in the learned the most common appellation by which
are known,
professions, or arrive at independence Edinbur seems tos long
gh reviewer pleasesince
nobody. The
foundfault
through the more lucrative pursuits with it as it was then printed. The writer
of commerce. In England , on the of the article referred to in the text tells us ,
contrary, there is no such facility to that some adjunct is wanted to distinguish
the secure and profitable investment this from other species of banks, and no
of small savings: monied men ,-at good onehas yet been found. Herejects
least bankers, the most convenient and * Provident Institution ,” and “ Frugality
accessible ofthis description, -payno Bank that« Poor'sBank
” equally
and ,thinks , ” would
with “ Saving Bank ;be"
interest;and landed proprietors can- the best, if it were not humiliating. Mr
not always be safe depositories, while Duncan gave theRuthwellInstitution the
the laws of England protect their ample title of the “ ParishBank Friendly
estates from the just demands of their Society of Ruthwell.” The Quarterly re
creditors. viewers will not consent to this , and pro
On a future occasion I may proba- pose theterm “ Friendly Bank,"thewith the
bly offer you some remarks on the name of the place prefixed. But Edin .
moral effects to be looked for from the burgh and other banks, in which the depo
sitors are strangerstoeach
introduction and increase of Saving interfere in the managem
other, and donot
ent, are not very,
Banks, when I shall venture to exam- aptly designated by this latestinvention
ine what I think is a most injudicious, unless it be understood to apply tothe man
and by no means impartial,article on agers exclusively. Be so good as insert this
this subject, in the Part of the Supple- note for the purpose of exercising the in
ment to the Encyclopædia Britannica genuity of your readers. Hi.
1817.) Anecdotes ofthe Pastoral Life. 23
a grass glebe ; the china cups were by day, and they could not understand
already arranged, and the savoury tea- why they should be driven from the
pot stood basking on the ledge of the parlour, or how they had not as good
grate, when the servant-maid entered , a right to be there as he. Of course,
and told Mr Grumple that there was neither threats nor blows could make
one at the door who wanted him. them leave him ; and it being a scene
We immediately heard a debate in of life quite new to me, and of which
thepassage, , the parson pressing his I was resolved to profit as much as
guest to come ben, which the other possible, at my intercession matters
stoutly resisted , declaring aloud that were made up , and the two canine
“ it was a' nonsense thegither, for he associates were suffered to remain
was eneuch to fley a' the grand folk where they were. They were soon
out oʻthe room , an' set the kivering seated , one on each side of their mas
o'the floor a-swoomin .” The parlour ter, clinging fondly to his feet, and
door was however thrown open, and, licking the wet from his dripping
to my astonishment, the first guests trowsers.
who presented themselves were two Having observed that, when the
strong honest- looking colleys, or shep: shepherd entered , he had begun to
herd's dogs, that came bouncing and speak with greatzest about the sport
capering into the room , with a great they had in killing the salmon , i
deal of seeming satisfaction. Their again brought on the subject, and
master was shortly after ushered in . made him describe the diversion to
He was á tall athletic figure, with a me. " O man !” said he, and then
black beard , and dark raven hair hang- indulged in a hearty laugh— (man
ing over his brow ; wore clouted shoes, was always the term he used in adı
shod with iron , and faced up with dressing either of ussir seemed to
copper ;and there wasaltogether be no word in his vocabulary )
something in his appearance the most man , I wish ye had been there ! "I'llO
homely and uncouth of any exterior I lay a plack ye wad hae said ye never
had ever seen .
saw sic sport sin' ever ye war born.
This,” said the minister, “is We gat twallfish a'thegither the-day,
Peter Plasb, a parishioner of mine, an' sair broostals we had wi' some of
who has brought me in an excellent them ; but a ' was naething to the
salmon , and wants a good office at my killin o' that ane at Pool-Midnight.
hand, he says, in return ." “ The bit Geordie Otterson, Mathew Ford, an '
fish is naething, man ,” said Peter, me, war a' owre the lugs after him.
sleeking down the hair on his brow ; But ye's hear :-When I cam on to
“ I wish he had been better for your the craigs at the weil o' Pool-Mid
sakembut gin ye hadseen the sport night, the sun was shinin bright, the
that we had wi' him at Pool-Midnight, wind was lown, an wi' the pirl *
yewad hae leughen till ye had burstit.“ beingaway, the pool was as clear as
Here the shepherd, observing his two crystal. I soon saw by the bells
dogs seatedcomfortably on the hearth- coming up, that there was a fish in
rug, and deeming it an instance of the auld hauld ; an' I keeks an ' I
high presumption and very badman- glimes about, till, faith ! I sees his
ners, broke out with Ay, White- blue murt fin. My teeth were a' wa
foot, lad ! an' ye're for being a gentle- terin to be in him, but I kend the
man too! My certy, man , but ye’re shank o ' my wastert wasna halflength.
no blate !I'm ill eneuch , to be sure, Sae I cries to Geordie, 66 Geordie, "
to come into a grand room this way , says I, “ aigh man ! here's a great
but yet I wadna set up my impudent chap, just lyin steeping like a aik
nose an' my muckle rough brisket clog.' Off comes Geordie, shaugle
afore the lowe, an' tak a' the fire to shauglin a ' his pith ; for the creature's
mysel - Get aff wi' ye , sir ! An' you that greedy om fish, be wadven
too , Trimmy, ye limmer ! what's your ture his very saul for them . I kend
business here ?" - So saying , he at- brawly what wad be the upshot.
tempted , with the fringe of his plaid, “ Now ," says I, “ Geordie , man
to drive them out ; but they only ran yoursel for this ae time. Aigh, man !
about the room , eyeing their master he is a terrible ane for size - See,
with astonishment and concern . They yonder he's lying .” The sun was
had never, it seemed , been wont to be
separated from him either by night or Ripple. + Fishspear.
 Anecdotes of the Pastoral Life. [ April
shinin sae clear that the deepness o' drowned themen ," said I. “Ou na,
the pool.was a great cheat. Geordie only keepit them down till I took the
baithis lip for perfect eagerness, an' power fairly frae them - till the bullers
his een war stelled in his head - he gae owre coming up ; then I carried
thought he had him safe i? the pat ; them to different sides o' the water,
but whenever be put the grains o' the an' laid them down agroof wi' their
leister into the water, I could speak heads at the inwith ; an' after gluther
nae mair, I kend sae weel what was ing an' spurring a wee while, they
comin ; for I kend the depth to an cam to again . We dinna count muckle
inch . - Weel, he airches an' he vizies o' a bit drowning match , us fishers.
for a good while, an'at length made a I wish I could get Geordie as weel
push down at him wi' his whole might, doukit ilka day ;, it wad tak the
Tut !-- the leister didna gang to the smeddum frae him - for, 0, he is a
grund by an ell -- an Geordie gaed greedy thing ! But I fear it will be a
into the deepest part o' Pool-Midnight while or I see sic glorious sport again . "
wi' his head foremost ! My , sennins Mr Grumple remarked , that he
turned as suple as a dockan, an' I thought, by his account, it could not
just fell down i' the bit wi' lauchin— be very good sport to all parties ; and
ye might hae bund me wi' a strae. that, though he always encouraged
He wad hae drowned for aught thatI these vigorous and healthful exercises
could do ; for when I saw his heels among his parishioners, yet he regret
finging up aboon the water as he had ted that they could so seldom be con
been dancin a hornpipe, I lost a'power cluded in perfect good humour.
thegither ; but Mathew Ford harled They're
“ nae the waur o' a wee
him into the shallow wi' his leister . - bit splore," said Peter ; " they wad
. “ Weel, after that we cloddit the turn unco milk -an'-water things, an ?
pool wi' great stanes, an ' aff went the dee awaya'thegither wantin abroolzie.
fish down the gullots, shinin like a Ye might as weel think to keep a ale
rainbow . Then he ran, and he ran ! vat working wantin barm .”
an' it was wha to be' first in him . But, Peter, I hope you have not
Geordie got the first chance, an' I been breaking the laws of the country
thought it was a' owre ; but just when by your sport to-day ? " no man
he thought he was sure o' him, down " Na, troth hae we ,
cam Mathew full drive, smashed his close-time disna come in till the day
grains out through Geordie's and gart after the morn ; but atween you an '
him miss. It was my chance next; me, close-time's nae ill time for us.
an' I took him neatly through the It merely ties up the grit folk's hands,
gills, though he gaed as fast as a shell- an' thraws a' the sport into our's thes
drake. gither. Na, na , we's never complain
" But the sport grew aye better. o'close-time ; if itwarena for it there
Geordie was sae mad at Mathew for“ wad few fish fa' to poor folk's share."
taigling him, an ' garring him tine the This was a light in which I had
fish (for he's a greedy dirt), that they never viewed the laws of the fishing
had gane to grips in a moment ; an'association before ; but as this honest
when I lookit back, they war just hind spoke from experience, I have
fightin like twae tarriers in the mids no doubt that the statement is founded
othe water. The witters o' thetwa in truth, and that the sole effectof
leisters were fankit in ane anither, close-time, in all the branches of the
an' they couldna get them sindrie, else principal river, is merely to tie up the
therehad been a vast o' blude shed ; hands of every respectable man , and
but they were knevillin, an' tryin to throw the fishing into the hands of
drown ane anither a' that they could ; poachers. He told me, that in all the
an' if they hadna been clean fore- rivers of the extensive parish of Wool
foughen they wad hae done't; for enhorn, the fish generally run up
they were aye gaun out o sight an' during one flood, and went away the
comin howdin up again. Yet after a', next ; and as the gentlemen and far
when I gaed back to redd them , they mers of those parts had no interest in
were sae inveterate that theywadna the preservation ofthe breeding salmon
part till. I was forced to haud them themselves, nor cared a farthing about
down through the water and drown the fishing associations in the great
them baith ." river, whom they viewed as"monopo
But I hope you have not indeed lizers of that to which they had no
7
1817.) On the Culture of Sugar in the United States. 26

right, the fish werewholly abandoned may be sure I accepted of the invita
to the poachers, who generally con- tion with great cordiality, nor had I
trived, by burning lights atthe shal- any cause torepent it. I have, since
lows, and spearing the fish by night, that time, had many conversations
and netting the pools, to annihilate with Peter, of which I have taken
every shoal that came up. This is, notes; but the description of a country
however, a subject that would require wedding, together with the natural
an essay by itself. history of the Scottish sheep, the
Our conversation turned on various shepherd's dog, and some account of
matters connected with the country ; the country lasses, I must reserve for
and I soon found, that though this future communications. H.
hind had something in his manner OBSERVATIONS ON THE CULTURE OF
and address the most uncultivated I
THE SUGAR CANE IN THE UNITED
had ever of
seen , yet his conceptions the
such matters as came within STATES, AND ON OUR SYSTEM OP
COLONIAL POLICY.
sphere of his knowledge were perti
nent and just. He sung old songs, MR EDITOR ,
told us strange stories of witches and While the example of the successe
apparitions, and related many anec- ful efforts made by the negroes in
dotes ofthe pastoral life , whichI think Hispaniola for the recovery of their
extremely curious, and wholly un- freedom and independence, andthe
known to the literary part of the com- recent commotions in our own West
munity. But at every observation that India colonies, have powerfully at
he made, he took care to sleek down tracted the public attention , it seems
his black hair over his brow , as if it to have entirely overlooked the rising
were of the utmost consequence to his competition which must, at no distant
makinga respectable appearance, that period, materially affect the demand
it should beequally spread, and as for the staple commodity of these dis
close pressed down as possible. When tant settlements. From a short state
desired to join us in drinking tea, he ment given in Mr Pitkin's Statistical
said “ it was a' nonsense thegither, for View of the Commerce, &c. of the
he hadna the least occasion ; " and United States, published last year, it
appears, that in 1810 above Ten MIL
when pressed to take bread, he per- LIONS
sisted in the declaration that “ it was of pounds weight of sugar had
great nonsense.” He loved to talk of been manufactured from the cane in
sheep, of dogs, and of the lasses, as he the state of Louisiana :* and sorapid
called them ; and conversed with his ly has its cultivation extended, that
afterwards,
dogs in the same manner as he did in 1814, only four yearsMILLIONS
with any of the other guests; nor did not less than FIFTEEN of
the former ever seem to misunderstand pounds, or above 8,300 hogsheads,
him , unless in his unprecedented and were made in the same district. The
illiberal attempt to expel them from culture of the cane has also been in
the company.- “ Whitefoot! haud aff troduced into Georgia, and there seems
the woman's coat-tails, ye blockhead ! little reason to doubt of its succeeding
I
mense
Deil hae me gin ye hae theWhit of
efoot
equally well as in Louisiana. " n
1805 , says Mr Pitkin , " Thomas
a miller's horse, man .”
instantly obeyed.— “ Trimmy ! come Spalding, Esq., a gentleman of wealth
back aff' the fire,dame! Ye're sae wat, and enterprise, procured one hundred
ye raise a reek like a cottar wife's lum cane plants from the West Indies, for
-come back , ye limmer !" Trimmy the purpose of trying them on his
went behind his chair. plantation, on an island near the sea
It came out at last that his business coast of Georgia. After repeated
with Mr Grumple that day was to trials, in which he was guided princi
request of him to go over to Stride- pally by his own judgment and ex
kirton on the Friday following, and perience, he completely succeeded,
unite him , Peter Plash, in holy wed- About three years since, he made a
lock with his sweetheart and only joe, * Hennepin , quoted by Labat, asserts
Jean Windlestrae ; and he said , if I
“ would accompany the minister, and that the sugar cane is indigenous in Louisi.
ana, and was found growing spontaneously
take share of a haggis wi' them , I wad near the mouth of the Mississippi on its
see some good lasses , and some good first discovery .Edwards' Hist. West In
sport too, which wasfar better.” You dies. Vol. ii. 208, 4to ed .
Vol. I. D
 96 On the Culture of Sugar in the United States. ( April
small quantity ofsugar of a good qua- good policy to import raw materials
lity ; and in 1814 , he had onehuns with a view to export them when
dred acres in cảne, which produced wrought up. If we shall hereafter
seventy -five thousand weight of prime purchase sugar from America, it will
sugar , and four thousand gallons of enable her merchants to order still
molasses ; and but for the want of larger quantities of our manufactures.
boilers; which, on account of the war, They will not, we may rest assured,
could not be brought to his plantations, send us their produce gratis, and they
he would have produced one hundred cannot take money in payment, the
thousand weight. The culture of the real value of gold and silver being
cane is foundnot to be more laborious greater here than on the opposite side
than that of cotton, and is not liable of the Atlantic. But supposing them
to so many accidents. One thousand to receive payment in gold and silver,
pounds per acre is not considered a it would only shew , that we found it
great crop. This at ten cents, (54d .) more advantageous to export manufaca
would be one hundred dollars. Als tures to countries abounding in those
most every planter along the sea coast metals, and then to pay them over to
ofGeorgia isnow turning his attention, the Americans, rather than export
more or less, to the culture of the su- directly to the latter.
garcane; and from experiments already The remarks I have just made,
made, the cane is found to grow luxu- apply equally to the case of any other
riantly as far north as the city of power who might come into competi
Charleston in South Carolina. " tion with our own sugar colonies: and
These facts render it nearly certain now that peace has been restored to
that America will soon be in a situa- the country, and the attention of the
tion to export sugar ; and I confess legislature is no longer attracted by
that I contemplate the probability of the momentous discussions to which an
that event without any feeling of re- arduous and long protracted contest
gret, and am even convinced it will be gave rise, I do hope that our system
much to the advantage of this country, of colonial policy will be thoroughly
-If the Americanscannot undersell investigated. - I am not aware that
our planters, the latter have nothing to it has been materially changed since
fear from their competition ; but if Dr Smith exposed its mischievou's
they can afford us a valuable necessary tendency ; and I confess, I cannot see
at a cheaper rate, very cogent reasons the utility of employing our soldiers
indeed would be required to shew , and sailors at an infinite expense, to
1 why we should not become their cus- preserve a precarious authority over
tomers — There is surely nothing so isles situated in an unhealthy and
very attractive, or advantageous, in the pestiferous climate, if we can purchase
possession of the West India islands, their products cheaper elsewhere.
as to induce us to tax ourselves for No colonies were ever reckoned so
their support, —for such, to the con- important to this country, as those
sumers,is the real effect of every mo- which now form the powerful repub
nopoly. Sufficient employment for lic of the United States. But has
capital can still be found in this coun- their independence had any bad effects
try, and it is not necessary to force it on the wealth, commerce, or industry,
into the colony trade, by giving an of Great Britain ? The reverse IS

undue preference to its products over decidedly thefact.-Without the ex

those of other countries , and even if pense of maintaining armaments to
such employment could not be found, defend these distant and extensive
it would be impolitic in government to territories, we have continued to enjoy
give any factitious encouragement to every previous advantage resulting
one department of industry , inasmuch from their commercial intercourse. - As
as it is certain some other branch long as we can afford to sell manufac
must be thereby proportionally de- tured goods to the Americans, cheaper
pressed. No bad consequences have than they can prepare them at home,
resulted to us from purchasing the and cheaper than they can purchase
cotton of the United States ; on the from any other power, we shall
contrary, it has been attended with the continue to supply their market to
happiest effects. — The Americans have precisely the same extent we should
taken an equivalent in our manufac- have done had they still remained
tured goods, and it is always reckoned our colonies. -Surely no person ima
 1817.] Memorandums ofa View Hunter.
gines, that had America been depende desire to sell has always been, and
ent on this country, we could have must always be, as strong as theincli
compelled her to purchase our mere nation to purchase.
chandise, though really higher than With the present colonial system
that of other states.--Our colonial the slave trade can only be considered
system was always more liberal than as nominally abolished . I do not
that of Spain ; but did all the re- imagine any such keen and determined
strictions, regulations, and guarda-cos- opposition would have been made to
tas,of that power, prevent her colonies the slave registration bill, if vast num
from being deluged with the commo- bers of those wretched beings had not
dities of England, France, and Ger- still found their way to our islands.
many ? No custom -house regulations, But when the cultivation of the sugar
however rigorously enforced,can ever cane shall become general in America ,
command or preserve any market; it is it is to bepresumed that this infamous
solely by the comparative cheapness traffic will be really put an end to .
and quality of the goods offered for A government residing on the spot,
sale, that the demand is regulated . can see that the laws preventing fresh
The dread of being deprived of co- importations are rigorously executed ;
lonial produce, if we had no colonies, but the same thingcannot possibly be
appears equally futile and unfounded. effected by a far distant government,
What country can be mentioned, whose agents must often be interested
which, though it had no share in the in a continuance of the traffic, which
colony trade, ever wanted itsproducts, they are officiallyengaged to suppress.
if disposed to pay for them . Coun- The following table shewsthequan ,
tries possessing extensive colonies are tity of sugar imported into the United
frequently reduced to great difficulties States, and again exported, and, conse
by foreigners refusing to buy their quently, the quantity of foreign growth
commodities, but when did we hear consumed in that republic from 180)
of any people refusing to sell ? This to 1812, both inclusive. It is extracted
is altogether a visionary danger : -- the from Mr Pitkins' work, page 255.
Years . Imported. Exported . Consumed .
1801, ..143,611,596 lbs, 97,734,209 lbs. 45,877,387 lbs.
1802, 78,476,165 61,180,208 17,295,987
1803 , 85,740,537 23,323,482 62,417,055
1804, .129,969,997 75,096,401 54,873,596
1805 ,. ..205,792,755 122,808,993 82,983,762
1806 , ..200,737,940 145,630,841 55,107,099
1807 , .215,836,202 143, 119,605 72,716,597
1808, 86,694,229 28,962,527 57,731,702
1809, 64,081,810 45,297,338 18,784,502
1810 , 68,368,792 47,024,002 21,344,790
1811, 73,976,609 18,268,347 55,708,262
1812 ,. 72,437,561 13,927,277 58,510,284
Average consumption of foreign sugar in the United 50,279,249 lbs.
States, during the twelve years ending with 1812, }
M.

NEMORANDUMS OF A VIEW- HUNTER . No I.

London , Sth Mar. 1817. To Dover .
MR EDITOR, -Preparing the race-ground
If you can find room for some brief for the races. This raised a train of
sketches of a view -hunter, who has a ideas about the D_ , , the fair
little enthusiasm in his line, and who, M-, and all that, varied but pleas
like not a few of his countrymen , has ing:-Pretty clean -looking village of
been a view - hunting lately in France, Bridge in the bottom. The country
his memorandum book is very much rich with gentlemen's houses and gar
at your service. The sketches have at den-like enclosures. The track was
least one merit — they are warm from now new to me. This had been the
the life. boundary of my former trips on the
28 Memorandums of a View -Hunter . [April
Dover road . The dale to the right, Dover .
with hamlets, villages, churches, gen- At the Parishotel. Very good house.
tlemen's seats, appears peculiarly ele- Civil and attentive. Full of passen
gant, contrastedwith the plainness on gers to and from the Continent, Walk
the left. The road is carried along the ed out with my companions, Dr B.
east side of a valley. This valley is and Mr S. to view -hunt a little on the
narrow and rich — of the glen sort- heights on so fine an afternoon. The
and , as weapproach Dover, it has se- town built on a narrow slip ofland at
veral pleasing vista -openings in the the bottom of steep chalky cliffs. As
Scottish style. cended a circular excavation in the
We got a small peep of the channel, chalk. Three winding stairs up it, of
two or three miles from Dover. The about 200 steps. Made some yearsago .
town itself is scarcely seen till we en- Sentinels both atthe entry below and
ter . On descending to the bottom ; in above. Part of the works of defence,
which it stands, we took up a little on the top of the hill, a little to the
man about twenty , one of the most right of this. Ascend it by ladder
free andeasy persons I have ever met stairs on the outside. These have a
with. He introduced himself to us in fine effect, combined with the fortifi
a moment, and gave us all the infor- cations. The castle, also, has a vener
mation we wanted ; indeed, much more able and picturesque appearance from
than my companion S— seemed to this station .
want. But I was pleased with the I inquired about Shakspeare's cliff
rattle for the moment. He, however, ofthe soldiers. A decent-looking mi
did not lack either sense or discrimi. litiainan , who was carrying a pretty
nation. He pointed out the stream child, while two more were playing
that creeps in the bottom , as being round him , pointed it out to mea
reckoned the richest in England of its mileor so off. A few halfpence made
size, for manufacturing returns. . So the little folks very happy, and the
he said. Saw several paper manufac- parent's fondeye glisten with delight.
tories and flour mills. One of the I cast a wishful look to this favourite
former, he said , was famous for fine cliff : The declining day was so fine.
paper ; the scenery of its banks pleas- But Dr B.said, hewas so fatigued he
ing, and from this account it became could not think of it ; and as I could
more interesting. It seems to descend not leave him so abruptly, I was obliged
from a vista on the right, and to run to give up the project, but not with
only four or five miles. out regret that was constantly recur
Our attention was attracted by a ring. This is the inconvenience of a
group of young women promenading view - hunter entangling himself with
in agreen field on its banks, near a very any non - view -hunter as a travelling
small rustic chapel and church -yard ; companion. He is prevented from
the latter only about fifty feet square. seeing half of what he may see.-- A
The whole formed a fine ruralpicture. word to view -hunters. I determined
On descending to the level of the to give my companions the slip for the
stream , we found both the footway future, except at meals.
and the road covered with walkers; I then proposed ascending to the
for this was Sunday afternoon , andthe citadel. Theway at first steep , and
weather was uncommonly fine. When nearly on the edge of the precipice.
we entered the town, we still found Dr B. said to some of the soldiers
the footway - for it has a footway on who pointed out our way , as theywere
each side, and this was one of the few reclining on the declivity, that it looke
we wereto see for many a hundred ed like ascending to the skies. No
mile still crowded with promenaders. thing of that sort, said a drummer. I
The people well dressed, particularly haveclimbed it often, and I never
the women. The girls very pretty. found I was a bit nearer heaven than
Seldom have seen so many fine faces before. The pert drummer might not
in a town of the same size ; but it was be very far wrong with respect to him
Kent. A smile on every countenance. self.
I like to see the evening of the Sab- The view of the harbour, which is
bath -day kept in this cheerful but de- a tide one, and very extensive,having
corous manner . gates between the outer and inner
I shall compare this with what I see station , with the ships so far below us,
at Calais, said I to my companions of formed an interesting picture. The
the top sea was delightfully calm . The white
1817 ] Memorandums ofa View - Hunter. 20
cliffs of France, whither we were go- truly grand and beautiful. I felt the
ing, had their effect. The sight set justness of the observation home, and
us a talking of the probability of the I echoed it with the most cordial as
junction of Great Britain formerly sent.
with the Continent. The sameness of As we marched off, highly delighted
the soil, and other geological pheno- with this short evening view -hunt,
mena, and the proximity, seemed to we were assailed by a host of native
make ajunction likely; the vast length enemies. These were hornets. I did
of the British channel, and the wide not mind them , and they soon left
German Ocean approaching so near , me. But Dr B. was quite alarmed .
render a separation from the first,as In vain I advised him to let them
natural. In short, whether this part alone. The more he laboured to chase
of the channel was once an isthmus, these buzzers away , the more furious
and Albion a peninsula, or not, will and numerous did they return to the
ever be a doubtful speculation. We attack. I have frequently found these
have nothing but conjectural reasons, insects near cannon and ordnance de
and these appear to be as strong on the pots. I do not know why.
one side asthe other. While we sat at tea, a little valetu .
Two very bonny lasses, with a fine dinarian Jew, whom they called Mo
child , ascended at the same time with ses, offeredhis services in the money
us, but still nearer the precipice. I changing line. He said he followed
begged them , for Heaven's sake, notto this business merely for the sake of a
1
go so near. They laughed, and went little amusing employment. He charg
still nearer ; and sat down almost oned a penny more for his Louises (of
the very edge of the tremendous pre- twenty francs) than I had paid in
cipice, which , even at the distance London , or 16s. 4d . He wanted very
we were standing, made us shudder. much to tempt me to part with some
Goodbye, my poor dears, said I to of the slips of paper I had received
them ; I shall see you no more . They from Hammersley , for French gold, -
gave me some jocular reply. Such is no doubt by way of amusement also .
the effect of custom . But in vain he offered me a douceur, 1
Went up to the citadel. Not al- as Imeant to keep my paper till I got
lowed to enter. A nice- looking wo to Paris. He loitered in the coffee
man and her husband on the draw . · room , and again and again he attempt
bridge. She seemed quite frightened. ed to bribe me to part with it. Pho !
On raising my eyes, I soon found the thought I, as I sipt mytea ; and is the
cause of her terror. They were going theory of our bullion committee come
to fire the evening gun from theram- to this in practice. The notes of the
part. The picture was truly fine. Bank of England, alone, are now from
Thepoor female was crouching down eight to ten millions more than when
onthe bridge, though the gun was this learned body, far above the pre
full twelve feet above her, and stop- judices of metal-money times no doubt,
ping her ears ; and the artillery men were theorizing ; and yet here is a
were standing in order by it, waiting Jew (for the sake of mere amusement,
till the sun, who was now going down, it is granted ) offers me more gold for
should sink under the hill . We were my paper money, than even its mint
at unequal distances, watching the price warrants. His urgency, also,
hand that held the lighted match. certainly looks very much like his.con
This was applied. The heightseemed sidering paper really more valuable
to sbake under us. The thunder ran than gold . 'Tis a pity that facts will 1

round the hills for some time, and re- still be giving the negation flat tocer
turned again. The varied and pleas- tain favourite theories. We shall,
ing form of these winding heights, however, reach something like good
with their picturesque ornaments, sense on money at length, perhaps. I
the glens between them , which put say good, and not common sense ; for
me in mind of some of the glens of the common sense on the subject of
the Grampians, though in miniature, money, as on many others, hasa good
--and the brilliant tints which the sun deal of that negative kind of sense in
had left behind him , received such an it, which is styled nonsense.
addition from this simple and familiar All this, it is to be noticed, I thought,
incident, that Dr B., who seemed to and not said. From some remark that
possess a very moderate share of view . had fallen from Dr B. I perceived he
hunting enthusiasm , exclaimed , 'Tis was an adherent of the metal money
 30 American Steam Frigate. April
party, and I wasa decided partisan of tributed to make them better acquaint
paper. Now , it is well known, that a ed with themselves — it excited new
regular argumentation on paper and enterprises-- it educed latenttalents
metal money, unless abruptly termi- it stimulated to exertions unknown to
nated by a quarrel or a duel,---to say our people before.
nothing of disturbing all around us Along extent of coast was exposed
with our poise,--seldom , on a mode- to an enemy, powerful above every
rate calculation , abates in its violence other on theocean. His commanders
in less than two hours and a half. threatened to lay. waste our country
But I wished to retire to bed early, with fire andsword, and , actually, in
and therefore I did not offer battle. various instances, carried their menaces
My bed -room was just under a per- into execution. It became necessary,
pendicularcliff of chalk , say, from150 for our defence, to resist, by every
to240feet high. Suppose now , thought practicable method, such a formidable
I to myself, this cliff should tumble foe.
down in the night. However, thought* It was conceived , by a most inge
I to myself again, this perpendicular nious and enterprising citizen, that
cliff has stood during thenights of the power of steam could be employed
several thousand years,and why should to propel a floating battery, carrying
it, of all nights, fall down on the very heavyguns, to the destruction of any
night that I sleep at Dover ? -And hostile force that should hover on the
sleep there I did, and very soundly shores, or enterthe ports of our Atlan
too. In three minutes I was uncon- tic frontier. The perfect and admir
scious of existence, and dreamt neither able success of his project, for moving
of Jews changing money for mere boats containing travellers and bags
amusement, metal nor paper, bullion gage by the same elastic agent, opened
committees, nor yet perpendicular cliffs the way to its employment for carry
of chalk . ing warriors and the apparatus for
Andnow , sir, with your permission, fighting.
Ishall postpone my invasion of France The plan was submitted to the con
till next month , sideration of the executive òf an en
lightened government. Congress, in
ACCOUNT OF THE AMERICAN STEAM
fluenced by the most liberal and
FRIGATE . patriotic spirit, appropriated money
for the experiment ; and the navyde
MR EDITOR , partment,then conducted by the Ho
As the following account of the nourable William Jones, appointed
steam frigate lately built in America, commissioners to superintend the con
has, so far as I know, not yet been struction of a convenient vessel under
published in this country, I have thedirection of Robert Fulton , Esq .
taken the liberty of transmitting it for the inventor, as engineer, and of
your Magazine. It was communi- Messrs Adam and Noah Brown, as
cated to mesome time ago by Samuel navalconstructors. The enterprise,
L. Mitchill, M.D.F.R.S.E. of New from its commencement, and during
York, one of the commissioners who a considerable part of its preparatory
superintended its construction .-- I am , operations, was aided by the zealous
Sir, yours, &c. D. Brewster . co -operation of major- general Dear
Edinburgh, March 4th, 18.7 . born, then holding his head -quarters
at the city of New York, as the offi
Report of Henry Rutgers, Samuel L. cer commanding the third military dis
Mitchill, and Thomas Morris, the trict. The loss of his valuable counsel,
commissioners superintending the in conducting a work which he had
construction of a Steam Vessel of maturely considered , and which he
War, to the secretary of the navy: strongly recommended, was the con
New York, December 28, 1815. sequence of his removal to another
SIR,-- The war which wasterminated section of the union, where his pro
bythe treaty ofGhent, afforded, during fessional talents were specially requir
its short continuance, a glorious dis- ed .
play of the valour of the United States The keels of this steam frigate were
by land and by sea--it made them better laid on the 20th day of June, 1814 .
known to foreign nations, and, what The strictest blockade the enemy could
is of much greater importance, it con- enforce, interrupted the coasting trade,
1817.] American Steam Frigate. 31
and greatly enhanced the price of tim the strength of horses. Carriages of
ber. The vigilance with which he the most approved model were con
guarded our coast against intercourse structed, and every thing done to
with foreign nations, rendered difficult bring her into prompt action, as an
the importation of copper and iron. efficient instrument of war.
The same impediment attended the About this time, an officer pre
supplies of coal, heretofore brought to eminent for bravery and discipline,
New York from Richmond and Li- was commissioned by the government
verpool. Lead, in like manner, was to her command. Prior to this event,
procured under additional disadvan- it had been intended by the commiss
tages. These attempts of the enemy sioners to finish her conformably to the
to frustrate the design were vain and plan originally submitted to the exécu :
impotent. All the obstacles were sur- tive. She was a structure resting upon
mounted . Scarcity of the necessary two boats, and keels separated from end
woods and metals was overcome by to end by a canal 15 feet wide, and 156
strenuous exertions ; and all the block- long. One boat contained the cauldrons
ading squadron could achieve, was not of copper to prepare her steam . The
a disappointment in the undertaking, vast cylinder of iron, with its piston ,
but merely an increase of the expense. lever, and wheels, occupied a part of its
So, in respect to tradesmen and la- fellow ; the great water -wheel revolved
bourers, there wasan extraordinarydif- in the space between them ; the main
ficulty. Ship - wrights had repaired to or gun deck supported her armament,
the lakes for repelling the enemy, in and was protectedby a bulwark 4 feet
such numbers, that comparatively 10 inches thick, of solid timber. This
speaking, few were left on the sea- was pierced by 30 port holes, tó enable
board. A large portion of the men as many 32 pounders to fire red hot
who had been engaged in daily work, balls; her upper or spar deck was plain ,
had enlisted assoldiers, and had march- and she was to be propelled by her
ed under the banners of the nation to enginery alone.
the defence of its rights - yet, amidst It wasthe opinion of Captain Porter
the scarcity of hands, a sufficient num- and Mr Fulton, that the upper deck
ber was procured for the purpose ought to be surrounded with a bul
which the commissioners had in charge. wark and stanchions — that two stout
An increase of wages was the chief masts should be erected to support
impediment, and this they were ená- latteen sails — that there should be
bled practically to overcome. bowsprits for jibs, and that she should
By the exemplary combination of be rigged in a corresponding style.
diligence and skill, on the part of Underauthorities so great, and with
the engineer and the constructors, the the expectationofbeing able to raise
business was so accelerated, that the the blockade of New London , by de
vessel was launched on the 29th day of 'stroying, taking, or routing the ene
October, amidst the plaudits of an 'my's ships, all these additions were
unusual number of citizens. adopted, and incorporated with the
Measures were immediately taken vessel.
to complete her equipment; the boiler, It must here be observed, that, dur
the engine, and the machinery, were ing the exhaustion of the treasury,
put in board with all possible expedi- and the temporary depression of pub
tion . Their weight and size far sur lic credit, the commissioners were ex
passed any thingthat had been wit- ceedingly embarrassed ;-their pay-,
nessed before among us . ments were made in treasury notes,
The stores of artillery in New York which they were positively instructed
not furnishing the number and kind to negotiate at par. On several occa
of cannon which she was destined to sions even these were so long with
carry, it became necessary to transport held , that the persons who had ad
guns from Philadelphia. A prize vanced materials and labour were im
taken from the enemy, put some fit portunate for payment, or silently dis
and excellent pieces at the disposition contented. To a certain extent, the
of the navy department. To avoid the commissioners pledged their private
danger of capture by the enemy's credit. Notwithstandingall this, the
cruizers, these were carried over the men, at one time, actually broke off.
miry roads of New Jersey. Twenty The work was retarded, and her com
heavy cannon were thus conveyed by pletion was unavoidably deferred, to
6
 American Steam Frigate. [ April
the great disappointment of the com- tion . These were devised and exe
missioners, until winter rendered it cuted with all possible care.
impossible for her to act. Suitable arrangements having been
Under all this pressure, they never- made, a third trial of her powers was
theless persevered in the important attempted on the 11th day of Septem
object confided to them . But their ber, with the weight of twenty -six of
exertions werefurther retarded , by the her longand ponderous guns, and a
premature and unexpected death of considerable quantity of ammunition
the engineer. The world was de- and stores on board ; her draft of water
prived of hisinvaluable labours, before
was short of eleven feet. She changed
he had completed this favourite under- her course, by inverting the motion of
taking. We will not inquire, where- the wheels, without the necessity of
fore, in the dispensations of Divine putting about. She fired salutes as
Providence, he was not permitted to she passed the forts, and sheovercame
realize his grand conception. His dis- the resistance of wind and tide in her
coveries, however, survivefor the bene- progress down the bay. She perform
fit of mankind, and will extend to un- ed beautiful manæuvres around the
born generations. United States frigate, Java, then at an
At length all matters were ready for chor near the light- house. Shemoved
a trial of the machinery to urge such with remarkable celerity, andshe was
a bulky vessel through the water. perfectlyobedient to her double helm .
This essay was made on the first day It was observed, that the explosions
of June, 1815. She proved herself of powder produced very little con
capable of opposing the wind, and of cussion.
stemming the tide, of crossing cur- The machinery was not affected by
rents, and of being steered among ves- it in the smallest degree. Her pro
sels riding at anchor, though the wea- gress, during the firing, was steady
ther was boisterous and the water and uninterrupted. On the most ac
rough . Her performance demonstrat- curate calculations, derived from heav
ed , that the project was successful— ing the log, her average velocity was
no doubt remained that a floating five and one-half miles per hour. Not
battery, composed of heavy artillery, withstanding the resistance ofcurrents,
could be moved by steam . The com- she was found to make head way at
missioners returned from the exercise the rate of two miles an hour against
of the day, satisfied that the vessel the ebb of the East River, running
would answer the intended purpose, three and one-half knots. The day's
and consoled themselves that their care exercise was satisfactory to the re
had been bestowed upon a worthy ob- spectable company who attended, be
ject. yond their utmost expectations. It
But it was discovered that various was universally agreed, that we now
alterations were necessary . Guided possessed a new auxiliary against every
by the light of experience,they caused maritime invader. The city of New
some errors to be corrected , and some York, exposed as it is, was considered
defects to be supplied. She was pre- as havingthe means of rendering itself
pared for a second voyage with all invulnerable . The Delaware, the
practicable speed . Chesapeake, Long Island Sound, and
On the 4th day of July she was every other bay and harbour in the
again put in action. She performed nation, may be protected by the same
a trip to the ocean , eastwardof Sandy tremendous power.
Hook , and back again, a distance of Among the inconveniences observa
fifty -three miles, in eighthours and ble during the experiment, was the
twenty minutes. A part of this time heat endured by the men who attend
she had the tide against her, and had ed the fires. To enable a correct judg
no assistance whatever from sails. Of ment to be formed on this point, one
the gentlemen who formed the com- of the commissioners ( Dr Mitchill,)
pany invited to witness the experi- descended , and examined by a ther
ment, not one entertained a doubt of mometer the temperature of the hold
her fitness for the intended purpose . between the two boilers. The quick
Additional experiments were, not- silver, exposed to the radiant heat of
withstanding, necessary to be sought, the burning fuel, rose to one hundred
for quickening and directing her ino- and sixteen degrees of Fahrenheit's
1817.) On Sitting below the Salt. 33
scale. Though exposed thus to its miliar by use. It is highly important
intensity, he experienced no indisposi- that a portion of seamen and marines
tion afterwards. The analogy of pot- should be versed in the orderand
teries, forges, glass -houses, kitchens, economy of the steam frigate. They
and other places where labourers are will augment,diffuse, and perpetuate
habitually exposed to high heats, is knowledge. When, in process of time,
familiar to persons of business and of another war shall call for more struc
reflection. In all such occupations, tures of this kind, men, regularly
the men , by proper relays, perform trained to her tactics, may be des
their services perfectly well. patched to the several stations where
The government,however, well un- they may be wanted. If, on any such
derstand, that the hold of the present disposition, the government should
vessel could be rendered cooler by desire a good and faithful agent, the
other apertures for the adınission of commissioners recommend Captain
air, andthat in building another steam Obed Smith to notice, as a person who
frigate, the comfort of the firemen has ablyperformed the duties of in.
spector
might be provided for, as in the ordi- of from the beginning to the end
the concern .
nary steam - boats.
The commissioners congratulate the Annexed to the report, you will
government and the nation on the find , Sir, several statements explana
eventof this noble project. Honour- tory of the subject. A separate report
able alike to its author and its patrons, of our colleague, the Honourable
it constitutes an era in warfare and the Oliver Wolcott , whose removal from
arts . The arrival of peace, indeed , New York precluded him from at
has disappointed the expectations of tending to the latter part of the bu
conducting her to battle. That last siness with his accustomed zeal. and
and conclusive act, of showing her su- fidelity, is herewith presented A
periority in combat, it has not been in drawing of her form and appearance,
the power of the commissioners to by Mr Morgan , as being likely to give
make. satisfaction to the department, is also
If a continuance of tranquillity subjoined, as are likewise an inventory
should be our lot, and this steam ves- of her furniture and effects, and an
sel of war be not required forthe pub- account of the timber and metals con
lic defence, the nation may rejoice that solidated in her fabric.
the fact we haye ascertainedis of in- It is hoped these communications
calculably greater value than the ex- will evince the pains taken by the
penditure, -and that if the present commissioners to execute the honour
structure should perish, we have the able and responsible trust reposed in
information never to perish , how, on them by thegovernment.
a future emergency, another may be SAML. L. MITCHILL.
built. The requisite variations will THOMAS MORRIS.
be dictated by circumstances. HENRY RUTGERS.
Owing to the cessation of hostilities,
it has been deemed inexpedient to ON SITTING BELOW THE SALT .
finish and equip her as for immediate
and active employ. In a few weeks MR EDITOR,
every thing that is incomplete could It is very pleasing to observe with
receive the proper adjustment. what care the mostpopular writers of
After so much has been done, and this age are obliged to guard against
with such encouraging results, it be- introducing any circumstances , even
comes the commissioners to recom- in their works, of a nature entirely
mend that thesteam frigate be officer- fictitious, which do not harmonize with
ed and manned for discipline and prac- the manners of the period wherein the
tice. A discreet commander, with a scene of their story is laid. The exam
selected crew, could acquire experience ple of such authors as Scott, Southey,
in the mode of navigating this pecu- and Byron, who display so much
liar vessel. The supplies of fuel, the erudition even in the most trifling
tending ofthe fire, the replenishing of matters of costume, must soon put an
the expended water, the management end to the rage for historical poems
of the mechanism , the heating of shot, and romances from the pens of such
the exercise of the guns, and various half-informed writers as Miss Porter,
other matters, can only become fa- Miss Holford , and the like. Thenovels
VOL . I. E
$$ On Sitting below the Sult. ( April
founded on fact,' as they arecalled, their blood, was a mere invention of
with which some of these female con. the facetious author, and entirely with
noisseurshave thought fit to present out any foundation in history, or, as
the world , abound everywhere in vio . one of them expressed it, totum merum
lations of historical truth as gross, and sal. It struck me at the time, that
in sins against costume as glaring, as
theitusage was not so new to my ears
seemed to be to theirs, and, on
as ever astounded the reader of a ro-
mance of the thirteenth century. As coming home, I looked into a volume
in these productions of that dark age, of old English ballads, where I found
Achilles and Hector are always painted the following verse ;
like true knights of Languedocor Ar- " Thou art a carle mean of degre,
morica, with saltires and fesses on Ye salte yt doth stande twain me and thee ;
their shields, with mottos, merrymen, Butanthouhadst been of ane genty!strayne,
pennons, gonfalons, caps of mainten- I wold have bitten my gante * againe."
ance, close viziers, tabarts, trumpeters, An instance of the importance at
and all the trappings of Gothic chi- tached to the circumstance of being
valry ;-so, inthe Scottish Chiefs," seated above the salt,occurs in a much
we find Sir William Wallace, “ that later work- " The Memorie of the
stałwart knycht of Elderslee ,” meta- Somervilles," a curious book , edited
morphosed into an interesting young last year by Mr Walter Scott.- " It
colonel, making love to a delicate lady, was, says Lord Somerville, (who
with onearm in a sling, and a cam- wrote about the year 1680) “as much
bric handkerchief in his hand - quote out of peike as to give obedience to
ing Ossian , warbling ballads, and re- this act of the asseinblies, that Wal
covered from a sentimental swoon by ter Stewart of Allontoune, and Sir
the application of a crystal smelling , James his brother, both heretors in
bottle. It would have been cruel the parish of Cambusnethen, the first,
indeed to have brought so fine a from some antiquity, a fewar of the
gentleman to the block on Tower-hill; Earle of Tweddill's in Auch termuire ,
so Miss Porter contrives to smuggle whose predecessors, until this man ,
Sir William out of the way on the fatal never came to sit above the salta
morning, and introduces a dead porter foot, when at the Laird of Cambus
to have his head chopped off in his nethen's ( Somerville's) table ; which
stead . for ordinary everySabboth they dyned
These observations were suggested to at, as did most of the honestmen of
me, by hearing some persons, in a com- the parish of any account. " Vol. ij.
pany where I was the other day, call in p. 394.
questionthe accuracy of the author of The same author is indeed so fami,
the Tales of my Landlord ,' in respect liar with this usage as one of every -day
to an antiquarian remark which he has observance, thathe takes notice of it
introduced in two different parts of his again in speaking of a provost of Edin
work. The first occurs in the descrip- burgh : “ Hewas a gentleman of very
tion of the feast, in p. 251 of the mean family upon Clyde, being bro
6
Black Dwarf.'-- " Beneath the Salt- ther german tothe Goodman of Allen
cellar," says he, ( a massive piece of tone,
whose predecessorsnever cameto
plate which occupied the middle ofthe sit above the salt- foot." P. 380, ibid.
table,) “ sate the sine nomine turba, I have observed, in several houses of
men whose vanity was gratified by oc- distinction, certain verylargeand massy
cupying even the subordinate space at pieces ofplate -ofa globular form , and
the social board , while the distinction commonly with two handles, which ,
observed in ranking them was asalvo althoughthey go by a different name,
to the pride of their superiors.' In I have at times suspected to be no
the same manner , in the tale of Old other than salt-foots," or , as it
Mortality,'in the admirable picture should be written, salt-vats. To
ofthe Laird ofMilnwood's dinner, the whatever uses these may be applied, I
old butler, Cuddie, &c. sat " at a con- bave always been inclined to say with
siderable distance from the Laird, and, Plautus
of course, below the salt .” The critics, “ Nunquam ego te tum esse Matulam cre
whose remarks it was my fortune to dida. "
hear, were of opinion, thatthis usageof I shall endeavour to procure a draw
placing guests above or below the salt,
according to the degree of nobility in * i. e. glove.
 1817.) Craniological Controversy . 35

ing of a very beautiful one,in the pos- and there to repress the voice of op
session of an honourable person in this position by the influence that might
neighbourhood ,and send it you, along accompany his immediate presence.
with a few further remarks, if possi- On concluding his lectures at Bath
ble, before the publication of your se- and Clifton , he there announced his
cond Number. " Yours respectfully , intention of visiting this northern
capital ; at the same time exciting the
J. M.
Stockbridge, March 17, 1817. sympathy of his audience, by declar
ing, “ that he was going amongst his
enemies." At Clifton , particularly,
THE CRANIOLOGICAL CONTROVERSY. he had gained many proselytes ; and
so occupied were the ladies there in
Some Observations onthe latePamph settlingthe manifestations of mind
lets ofDr Gordon and Dr Spurzheim . fromthe bumps on each other's skulls,
MR EDITOR , that carefullyto braid the hair, in or
No speculations have engaged more der to conceal wrong propensities, be
attention , or have more frequently af- came a matter of very serious atten .
forded a topic for conversation, since tion. The following fact, which ac
the time of Joanna Southcote, than tually occurred ata party in Clifton,
those of Drs Gall and Spurzheim . will shew with what a nice accuracy
Your readers, I presume, have heard Dr Spurzheim had taught his fair dis
of these gentlemen and their doctrines, ciples to discover in their neighbours
and perhaps may be amused by a few particular manifestations of mind ;
remarks on the craniological controver- and I give it as a short lesson of cau
sy. One of these learned persons, who tion to their sister craniologists in Ed
latelylectured in this city, has been inburgh, of which there are not a few .
remarkably active in the promulgation A lady in a large party remarked
of his new system , and has devoted pretty audibly, that on a certain head
many years to its explanation, in all very near her, she perceived a suspi
the principal cities and towns of Eu- cious bump. Thelady to whom the
rope. Of this system it is unnecessary head belonged, hearing this observa
here to give any detailed account. Its tion, turnedtothe informant, and, de
outlines have been made so generally claring that she would instantly rew
known by the unwearied eloquence of move this organ which had excited a
Dr Spurzheim , in his writings and suspicion of a wrong propensity, im
by his lectures, that I beg to refer the mediately took from her hair a small
very few persons, who have not heard comb, which, lying concealed, had
the latter to the perusal of the former. caused the manifestation.
I shall here offer only some general Dr Spurzheim arrived in Edinburgh
observations on a treatise lately pub- soon after the commencement of the
lished on the subject by Dr Gordon, last summer session at this university.
and on a pamphlet by Dr Spurzheim , He gave several demonstrations of a
intended as a reply . calf's and sheep's brain in Dr Bar
The craniological system of Drs clay's lecture-room ; and as soon as he
Gall and Spurzheim has been very could procure a human brain, he be
fully detailed and discussed in all the gan his demonstrations on that organ
literary journals of this country, and in the class-room of Professor Thom
they have been very unanimous in son and Dr Gordon . Here was a
deciding on its merits . The Edin- fair opportunity to put to shame the
burgh Review stood foremost in oppo- critics of Edinburgh , who had so se
sition to this new system , and pointed verely ridiculed hissystem . This was
out more fully and clearly than the the time to support his written dis
rest, the anatomical errors on which it coveries by actual demonstration. His
was founded . Dr Spurzheim , en- newand superior mode of dissecting
couraged by his success in England the human brain, could now readily
relying, it may be also, on his per- be made manifest by a public exhi.
sonal address , and on the plausible bition of his skill before some of the
sophistry with which he explained his most eminent professors and practi
system -- for its ready reception with tioners in the kingdom . A human
the multitude of readers, who were of brain was placed before him ;-that
course incapable of detecting its ere organ on which his system was found
rors- resolved to visit Edinburgh ; ed, and his alleged discoveries respecte
36 Craniological Controversy. [April
ing which had already gained him pointed, and which, if well founded ,
such celebrity. The interpreter of go very far to affect the credit and
mind took up his scalpel, and the character of Dr Spurzheim .
learned men of the city sat around in This gentleman and his colleague
silent expectation. In such a situa- have asserted, that no anatomist be
tion , there was one course which, it fore themselves believed that the brain
might be imagined , Dr Spurzheim was, throughout, of a fibrous struc
.would certainly have pursued . As the ture. This, therefore , they claim as
a discovery peculiarly their own, and
colleague of Dr Gall, he had been ac-
cused , in no very ambiguous terms, considering it one of high importance,
by the Edinburgh Review , of wilful they styleit, “ La premiere et la plus
misrepresentation, and of gross ig- importante des decouvertes, celle sans
norance in a science which he pre- la quelle toutes les autres seroient im
tended to have enriched by new dis- parfaites.” Dr Gordon proves very
coveries. These accusations, being satisfactorily, that from the time of
anonymous,
to notice.
he certainly was not bound Malpighi in 1664, downwards, such
Convinced, however, as he a fibrous structure was believed to ex
must have been, that such heavy ist every where throughout the cere
charges against him were well known bral mass. To such proofs Dr Spurz
to his audience, he surely must have heim, in his pamphlet, returns no an
felt peculiarly anxious to do away any swer. This first and most important
bad impression they might have made, of their discoveries turns out ,there
by a minute and clear exposition of fore, to be no discovery at all — and
his leading doctrines, and a decisive it will be seen that all the others are
demonstration of the correctness of his indeed " imparfaites.”
anatomical views. Strong in his own Drs Gall and Spurzheim wished to
integrity, and in the soundness of his appropriate to themselves the method
system , we can conceive him gladly of scraping the brain , as a mode of
preparing to confound his enemies, by dissection peculiar to themselves, and
appealing to the testimony of their bestcalculated to display its structure.
own senses, and claiming, for an ac- Dr Gordon asserts, that this method
tual exhibition ofnew anatomical facts, was not invented by them . To this
a belief in the theories which he had assertion Dr Spurzheim assents by his
deduced from their existence. How silence.
Dr. Spurzheim availed himself of One of the most important points
such an opportunity is well known in his and Dr Gall's anatomical dis
coveries, concerns, as we are told by
to all who witnessed his dissection .
Far from establishing his claims to Dr Spurzheim , the two orders of fi
pretended discoveries by actual de- bres, viz. diverging, and converging or
monstration, it appears that he in- uniting. It is in fact upon the existence
volved himself and his system in of these peculiarly arranged fibres, and
further discredit, by his visible ina- upon the proofofa statement which has
bility to display the new structure he been positively advanced, that the
had so confidently described. He left brown matter secretes the white, that
very little doubt, I believe, on the the whole system of Drs Gall and
minds of his audience, as to the merits Spurzheim depends. I beg your read
of craniology. In order, however, stillers particularly to notice that it is up
further to obviate misrepresentation, on the communication between the
and to place the claims of all and brown matter and the white medullary
Spurzheim in a proper light, Dr Gor- substance, to which it serves as a cov
don drew up a treatise, entitled, “ Ob- ering, that the doctrines of craniology
servations on the Structure of the depend for their chief support. Ima
Brain , comprising an estimate of the gine no such communication to exist,
claims of Drs Gall and Spurzheim to and the brown capsule of the brain,
discovery in the anatomy of that or- and cerebellum , is nothing more than
gan . On the title- page of this treat- an unconnected covering to the white
ise he placed his name. This, let it substance beneath . Now , in this case,
be observed, was no anonymous attack if mind can be manifested by external
which an individual could pass over signs on the head, these signs being
without notice. It is a treatise in causedby swellings, or a peculiar con
which the author personally brings formation of some substance within
forward accusations most! direct and the cranium-that substance must
1817. ] Craniological Controversy . 37

be the brown matter, and the brown amination of the Objections made in
matter alone. The white medullary Britain against the Doctrines of him
substance, with all its curious cavities self and Colleague.” We sat down to
and arrangements, has nothing to do a perusal of it with a considerable de
in such mental manifestations, and the gree of curiosity, and we closed it,
whole nervous systemis alike exclud- quite satisfied as to the merits of these
ed. Dr Spurzheim , however, main- far-famed craniologists.
tains, that the whole medullary sub- Never was there a more evident at .
stance is secreted by the brown, and tempt to evade the overwhelming force
that a communication can be shewn to of unwelcome facts, than has been
exist between them by a system of di- made by Dr Spurzheim on this “ ex

verging and converging fibres. Sure- amination .” Instead of meeting fair

ly he must have discovered these fi- ly and decisively the objections so
bres by an actual dissection - his writ- strongly urged against him ;-instead
ings assert this ;-their existence is a of a clear refutation, or a mạnly con
sine -qua -non to his whole system.- fession of mistake and error ;-there is
Now Dr Gordon distinctly states, that little else in this pamphlet but a most
Spurzheim never did demonstrate such general and unconnected repetition of
communication between the brown his former theories and assertions.
and nervous matter - he did not de- We see in it only the signs of an im
monstrate these diverging and con- becile irritability , ---evidently sensible
verging fibres when called upon to do to reproach ;-conscious that it is but
so ; and moreover, Dr Gordon posi- too well founded ,—but unwilling to
tively denies that any such arrange- confess its justice, and unable to avoid
ment can be shewn to exist in the its sting.
cerebral mass. How does Dr Spurz- At p. 37, Dr Spurzheim wishes to
heim attempt to parry this home- amuse,” his readers by an anecdote,
thrust, which goes to terminate his which we must not forget to notice.
craniological existence ? Very simply, It is an account of a dissection which
by an exclamation of " Hey ho ! is it took place in the Royal Infirmary last
so " December, and it will be seen how
In another part of his pamphlet, slyly a very formidable accusation is
indeed, p. 27, he offers to shew con- brought forward against Dr Gordon.
verging fibres to any one who shall We know that this gentleman was
66
procure a fresh brain ;" and at p. present at this dissection ; but it hap
38, mentioning the “ reinforcing fi- pened not to be the weekin which his
bres,” which Dr Gordon denies are official duty as one of the surgeons to
susceptible of demonstration, he offers the Infirmary would have given him
“ to demonstrate all these statements the superintendence. This duty be
to any one who shall procure a fresh longed to one of hiscolleagues, the
brain ." Every one who knows the next in seniority. Dr Gordon had
very great difficulty there is in pro- therefore no necessary concern with
curing a recent brain, will easily per- this dissection — it was a point of eti
ceive that Dr Spurzheimis making quette not to interfere with it. We
merry with his readers. He was pro- can assert, that the presence of Dr
vided at his demonstration with a Spurzheim in the theatre was known
brain in the most recent state,-why neither to Dr Gordon nor to the sur
did he not then “ demonstrate all these geon who presided ; no intentional ob
facts ? ”-he did not do so — he was therefore be offered to
struction could
unable to do so , -- and his whole sys- his views by either of these gentlemen.
tem falls to the ground. We regret with Dr Spurzheim , that a
“ Upon every occasion,” says Dr dissection so interesting as this really
Gordon, “ where hewas calledupon was, afforded, as we arecompelled to ac
to make good those affirmations which knowledge, so little gratification or im
constitute the leading features of his provementto the studentswho crowded
system , heendeavoured to excuse him- the anatomical theatre. Why were the
self from the task, by denying that he whole posse- comitatus of the hospital,
had ever maintained any such struc- clinical and surgical clerks, dress
ture to be demonstrable.”-P. 114. ant- surgeons, apothecaries, and assist
As a reply to such serious accusa- ers,-permitted to stand round the
tions, Dr Spurzheim produced a dissecting table, and totally to prevent
pamphlet, professing to be “ An Ex- the students from seeing the body ?
 88 On Foundling Hospitals. [ April
The lower seat which surrounds the new beauty , it will be very soon for
area is particularly for the accommo- gotten. There is nothing indeed which
dation of this medical suite, but on can make us regret the fall of this ill
this occasion it was unoccupied ; and fated system . It seems to have been
with heads and bodies, forming a pret- a mereexhalation of human thought,
ty, opaque circle over and around the which has risen , and is passing away
table, the view of several hundred stu- before us, in all its native duskiness ;
dents was completely intercepted. with no rainbow tinge to allure our
Since the brain has had its day as gaze by its beauty - not one celestial
the basis of a system , we see no rea- hue to lighten the dull materiality of
son why that organ in the human its aspect. A. M.
body, which is popularly supposed to Edinburgh, March 3, 1817.
be the seat of passion, shall not in
its turn serve to amuse the credulity of
mankind. Why may not the human ON THE PROPOSED ESTABLISHMENT
heart bevolume,
quarto with inplates
registered andsized
a good re- OF A FOUNDLING HOSPITAL IN
ferences, and be made the basis to a EDINBURGH .
system of CORDIOLOGY ? Some in- MR EDITOR ,
quirer may arise, who is fond enough Many of your readers must be aware
of travelling, and sufficiently anxious that Mr John Watson, Writer to the
for a transient reputation to run over Signet, bequeathed a sum of money to
Europe, and give lectures on its fibres trustees, to be applied , " at the sight
and emotions. He may surely dis- of the Magistrates of the city of Edin
cover such a difference in the twisting burgh , to such pious and charitable
of these fibres ; - in the curvature of uses within the said city , ” aš the trus
its valves ;-the sweeping of its ar- tees should think proper ; and that
teries ;-or the arrangement of its the trustees, after announcing it to be
nerves ; as may afford a very amusing their final and unalterable resolution
explanation of human passion . The to apply this bequest to the establish
heart, indeed , is not just as open to ment ofa Foundling Hospital, declar
examination in theliving subject as the ed , That upon their decease, the man
skull ; andwe doubtwhether any lady agement of the charity should devolve
could be found sufficiently in love upon the keepers and commissioners
with science, and a new system , to of the Writers to the Signet. Mr
expose her heart for the sake of either, Watson died in 1762, and his widow
to the manipulation of a cordiologist. in 1779. The Writers to the Signet
But comparative anatomy will supply became possessed of the trust- funds,
us with data, and there needs but according to the destination of the tes
a little inference, a little reasoning tator's trustees ; and after much liti
from analogy, and a great deal of sup- gation with the Magistrates of Edin
position , to help us out. From the burgh, their right to the management
form of the chest we may presume was confirmed by our Supreme Court.
the structure of the heart within it ; These funds, originally small, have
--we might have some good manifese been so well employed at they are
tations of passion by the jugular vein ; said now to amount to more than
and a great many mysteries commonly £ 60,000.
referred to the human heart, may pro- Now , my object is to know whether
bably be explained by peculiarities of this sum is to be applied to the esta
palpitation, caused by a modification blishment of a foundling hospital and
in the shape or bumpiness of its apex ; if it be, when it is intended so to em
or in the arrangement of its tranversé ploy it ? or whether it be in contem
fibres. plation to apply to Parliament to au
Such patch -work systemsof conjec- thorise its appropriation to such chari
ture and speculation are fortunately table purposes as may be thought, in
destined, by the immutable and eter the present circumstances of society
nal laws of truth , to last but for a sea- and of public opinion, to be more wor
son. Craniology has almost "lived its thy of encouragement ?
little hour.” In this city we are certain, From the litigation to which this
that, with the absence of Dr Spurz- part of Mr Watson's testamentary
heim, and the introduction of some deed has given rise, and the very dif
other novelty, as a French -dance or a ferent opinions entertained as to the
5
1817.] On Greek Tragedy. 39
merits of this destination of his pro- dels to copy. It was the growth of X
perty, as well as from many other in their own soil, rooted in their usages,
stances of a similar description, it is laws, legends, mythology, and pecu.
impossible not to perceive how little liar modes of thinking and confor
encouragement is held out to such mation of character, and wasnative
charitable, or, it may be, ostentatious to Greece as the vine to her moun
donations. Inthe progress of society , tains. It was drawn directly from
as in that of the age and fortune of nature, and the likeness was pleas,
individuals, that which at one stage ing, because it was the faithful copy
appears most interesting and praise- of a fair original ; not, as too fre
worthy, is beheld at another with in- quently happens among the ancient
difference or aversion . I. Romans and the modern nations of
March 1817. Europe,-a servile imitation - a tame
copy of a copy ; it was like nature
herself, fresh , and rich, and vigorous,
REMARKS ON GREEK TRAGEDY . and unconstrained, ever varying and
No I. ever graceful.
On a first view of the Greek tra ,
( Æschyli Prometheus. ) gedy, what strikes the reader, if he is
at all conversant in the drama of the
The drama has formed an interest. moderns, is its simplicity. The char
ing and important part of the litera , acters are few , and the fable either
ture of every nation into which it has intricate nor the incidents surprising.
been introduced, and no nation that Its whole interest arises out of the
has cultivated literature at all is en- simple expression of natural feeling in
tirely without it. Among the Atheni- situations of suffering and sorrow ; yet
ans, scenical representations were fre- scanty as the materials are, by their
quented with a degree ofenthusiasm judicious arrangement, a beautiful
of which we cannot easily form an superstructure is raised. It may be
adequate notion. A successful play likened to a fine painting , in which
was the most certain and the shortest the figures are correctly drawn and
road to literary fame, and even to for- skilfully grouped -- the costume ap
tune and preferment in the state. The propriate thedraperyeasy and grace
dramatic poets were men of eminent ful-- the expression of the passions,
genius, and not more remarkable for such as naturally flow from the cir
the qualities of mind that form the cumstances of the actors --the story
poet, than for those that constitute the perspicuous--and the lights and shades
philosopher. Euripides was the dis disposed with such art as togive to
ciple and the friend of Socrates, who the whole the most pleasing effect.
saw the important moral purposes to It has been often repeated, and as of
which the drama might be applied, ten acknowledged, that the composition
and the divine philosopher did not of a tragedy is oneof the most difficult
think it beneath him to aid the poet of all the effortsof human intellect. It
in the correction of his pieces. . In requires a knowledge of the nature of
the Greek theatre, not only was the man , and of those general laws by
taste of the people formed to a simple which he is governed in every stage of
and natural style of composition, and society , whichisthe portiononlyof a
their minds inspired with a love of gifted few ,- of those main springs of
virtue, but their piety and their ima- thought, and feeling, and action , that
gination were equally improved by are universal, and of all the varieties
the unfolding of the beauties of a of their modification produced by his
poetical mythology: It was not mere- moral, physical, and political state
Iy a place of public amusement, but the temperature or severity of climate
rathera temple for the purification of the purity ofreligion or the grossness
the national manners, andthe worship of superstition - the exaltation ofliber
of the gods,-more moral in its ten- ty or the degradation of slavery. The
dency than their sacrifices and festi- dramatic writer must be endowed with
vals . It is to be understood, that the eye that can unveil the human
these observations apply only to tra , heart, detect the passions in their
gedy, for the Greek comedy was often source, and trace them in their intri
licentious and immoral. cate windings, and give to all fit ut
It was fortunate for the Greeks that terance. He must be possessed of a
in their literature they had no mo- pliancy of mind, by which he may
40 On Greek Tragedy. [ April
place himself almost simultaneously in high reputation which he has obtained
the situation of all his characters--of a among the poets ofGreece, is now to
sympathy with the beings of his own be examined ; and I shall begin with
imagination , which willenable him to a short analysis of the play ofProme
think with their minds, to feel with theus. It is founded on a well-known
their hearts, and speak with their fable. In the wars of the gods, Pro
tongues , as if they were real charac - metheus had joined the party of Jupi
ters — to become atonce a Shylock and ter, to whom hegave importantaidin
a Portia- a Hamlet and the Queen the unnatural expulsion of his father,
Mother. So to conceive and to paint Saturn, from the throne of heaven .
character, as to clothe it in the garb of Jupiter, however, forgetful of past
nature, to model it to symmetry, and services and of solemn oaths, was no
to inspire it with the animation of life, sooner seated on the throne, than he
not merely in description, but in re- began to exercise his authority in acts
presentation — so to invent a fable as to of the most abominable tyranny over
make itat once probable and interest gods and men . His amusement was
ing, to lead us into the society of men in insulting the subject gods, but men
and women in the moment of suffering he determined to exterminate, by at
or heroism , and to light the whole with once depriving them of food and fire.
a radiant atmosphere of poetry - from Prometheus was not like the submis
the frequency of the failure, must be sive throng of courtier gods, so far cor
concluded tobe one ofthe most ardu- rupted by the contagion of servility,
ous of the enterprises of genius. Hence as not to feel pity for the distresses of
the miscarriages of men , even of great mankind. In defiance of the tyrant,
poetical talents; of whom some have he interposed to save them from the
brought upon the stage characters so threatened destruction , and not only
cold and so correct, so stiff and so gave them fire and food, but instruct
formal, so unlike the men and wo- ed them in many of the useful and or
men with whom we mingle in real namental arts. Jupiter, enraged at this
life, that we have no more sympa- act ofdisobedience to his despotic man
thy with them than with the inha- dates, condemned him to be chained
bitants of the moon . They are mere to a rock on Mount Caucasus, there to
puppets, through which their authors remain till he should expiate his crime,
pour forth their declamations on stale and offer submission ; and this sen
morality, and without the smallest re- tence was carried into execution with
gard to propriety; every thing is spoken many circumstances of cruelty and in
in the same tone, and with the same sult. This preface was necessary to
emphasis. With these writers, every the right understanding of the play.
breeze is a whirlwind, and every feel- The main object of Æschylus, in
ing an ecstasy. They do not suit the writing this tragedy, was to exhibit to
language to the sentiment, nor study his countrymen , in Jupiter,a ferocious
the processes of Nature, who never errs tyrant, stained with every crime ; and
in fitness, but gives to every streamits in Prometheus, a suffering patriot.
own particular key -sound, according Among the Athenians, such a subject
to the weight of its waters and the ra- could not fail to awaken the deepest
pidity of its descent. These hints, interest. Never was an altar erected
crude and undigested as they are , will to freedom in any country on earth
be of practicalapplication in my re- where her flame burnt purer than in
marks on Greek Tragedy. that city ; and this drama was an of
Æschylus, in a glorious age, had fering worthy of such a shrine.
perhaps a fairer claim to originality The fable is more than commonly
than any ofhis contemporaries. He did simple, and all the characters mytho
not improve, but create tragedy. He logical or allegorical except one. They
not only paved the way in which Shak- are, Prometheus-- a Chorus of Ocean
speare was afterwards to move with a Nymphs — Io, the Daughter of Inachus
splendour that should eclipse his own -Ocean - Vulcan - Force -- and Vio
and every other name, but he gave to lence ;-of whom the two latter, under
the acting manager the mechanism of the direction of Vulcan, bind Prome
scenery that was to represent the beau-
theus to a rock with chains of ada
ties of the landscape, not merely to mant. In their presence, neither pain ,
delight the eye of the spectator, but nor the insults of Force, who is a well
to give a fit place for the action .. paintedexecutioner -- nor the sympa
T'he claims of this writer to the thy of Vulcan , who is his kinsinan
1817.) On Greek Tragedy. 41
draws from him a single word ; butas traverse. In the lastscene , Mercury
soon as they retire, he apostrophizes the appears, commissioned by Jupiter to
rivers, the ocean , the earth , the air, extort from . Prometheus a secret at
and the sun ; and calls upon them to which he had hinted in his conversation
witness the injustice of his punishe with 10, —that it was in the decrees
ment. The sound of his lamentations of fate that the tyrant himself should
draws to the scene of his sufferings a be dethroned , and that he alone knew
company of ocean nymphs, who form the means bywhich the danger might
the Chorus, and consequently never be averted. On the sight of this min
leave the stage. * They come asfriends, ion of the despot, he addresses bim in
to sooth and to sympathise ; and to the language of sarcasm and defiance,
them heexplains, that by his counsels confessing his knowledge ofthe secrets
Jupiter had succeeded in his designs of fate, and his resolution never to re
onhis father's throne, and that inhim veal them till his bonds should be
they may see what reward they have loosed . The rock to which he is fixed
to expect who serve a tyrant. To is struck with thunder, and he de
them he likewise narrates, at full scends to the infernal regions amid the
length, the favours he hadconferred convulsions of nature.
on man . With Ocean , who was also Such , divested of all poetical or
attracted to the place by his com- nament, is an abstract of this sin
plaints, he holds a dialogue on the same gular play. Here there is none of
subject,-- who, after having reasoned the interest that arises from the hur
with him in vain on the inutility of ry, of incident, and the unexpected
resistance, and advised submission, change of fortune. From the con
quits thestage. Io then enters. She, clusion of the first scene to the be
like Prometheus, was the victim of the ginning of the last, the action stands
cruelty and the crimes of Jupiter, and still the intermediate scenes being
was wandering over theearth in soli- merely conversational, and in nowise
tary wretchedness, goaded on by the forwarding the plot. The only thing
jealousy of Juno. Prometheus fore- like business is inthe first scene,where
tells her future wanderings, and gives Prometheus is chained ; and in the
ashortbut rapid and poetical descrip- last, when he sinks amid the thunder.
tion of the countries, which she is to Nor are the subordinate characters
more interesting than the incidents,
The most remarkable feature of differ. displaying none of those fine creations
poetry
ence between the ancient and modern dra . in whichthe charm of dramatic
mas was the Chorus, a companyof persons consists , nor of the languagewell ima
who might naturally be supposed present
on the occasion , and interested in theevents gined , yet suitable to thesituation of the
which were going on . The number ofthe speaker. They do nothing more than
chorus was at first indefinite. Æschylus, utter common places of sympathy and
in his Eumenides, brought no fewerthan submission to the powers that be; and
fifty on the stage, but was obliged by the what is said by one, may, with equal
civil authority to reduce themto twelve. propriety, be put into the mouth of
Sophocles was afterwards permitted to add any other. In what then , it may be
three ; and after that time fifteen seems to asked , does the merit of this tragedy
have been the number to which the chorus consist ? In the character of Prome .
was restricted.
stantlyon the stage. company
This One ofthem con theus alone;-in the benevolence that
was, who
was called Choragus, or Choryphæus, the refines, and in the sublimity that ele
leader or president of the chorus, generally vates, the soul of man ;-in the con
spoke for the rest ; buttheir odes were sung sciousness of rectitude,that reposes on
bythe whole band, accompaniedwith music itself, independent of fortune ; -in the
anddancing. Itwastheoffice of the chorus glorious energy of spirit, that resists
to deduce from the events represented those oppression, though armed with omni
reflections which the principal actors
moral potence ;-and in the fortitude that
were
to
too busy,or
direct the
too impassioned,
leading character s
tomake ; risessuperior tounmerited sufferings,
with their
counsel ; and, during the intervals of the It was the love of independence, and
action, to sing their odes, in whichthey the hatred of tyranny, and the un
prayed to the gods for success to the vir. quenchable daring of a lofty mind,
tuous, lamented their misfortunes, and took that rendered it the delight of the
occasion , from the events, to enforce upon Athenians. It was the bright reflec
their audience the lessons of religion and tion of their own souls, and the fair
morality. image returned to them again with all
VOL. I. F
49 On Greek Tragedy. [April
the joy of self-exultation. This was The herbs' sweet influences, and the balm
the halo that shone from heaven, and That wak’d the bloom upon the faded cheek.
shed over the tragedy a lustre by And strung the nerveless arm with strength
again .
which it was sanctified in the eye of I was man's saviour, but have now no power
freedom . From these degrading bonds myselfto save."
I have broughtheavy charges against The most sublime passage in this
this performance as adrama,and it is sublimepoemisthat in whichPro
only justicethat I should bringfor: metheus replies to Mercury,when,in
ward some of its beauties in detail :
and here enough ofmatter will be the name of Jupiter , he denounces
a terrible vengeance if he refuse to
found to soften the tragedies
wide the criticism . revealthesecretsof fate touching the
rigour ofofÆschy-
However
lus may beof the standard of excels dethronement of the thunderer.
lence established in the land that gave P. To be a slave, thy words sound
wondrous well,
Shakspearebirth, yet in all ages and the words of wisdom and authority,
inallcountries he must be considered Thetyrant is but young
an eminent poet. In the eye that kin- His place inaccessibleinpower,
to sorrow , and deems
dles as it rolls over the beauties of na . But bear him this defiance : I have seen
ture, and in the imagination that teems Two hated despots hurl'd from the same
with great conceptions, he is inferior throne,
to few poets. There is agrandeur and And in him Ishall soon behold athird,
loftiness of soul about hiin, generated Plung thence in an irreparableruin.
by the elevation of freedom ,thatis Think not that I do fearthyupstart gods,
Beings of yesterday ; but hie thee hence,
blazing forth onevery fit occasion ,& Go tell him that histhunders have nopower
mysterious sublimity that cannot be To humble me, or wrestmy secret from me.
understood, much less felt, by the M. It was thy proud rebellion brought
slaves of a despot. thee here,
The following is a feeble attempt to Else hadst thou from calamity been free.
render the meaning of the beautiful P. Thinkst thou that I would change
passage in which Prometheus describes these galling bonds
the degraded state in which he found forslavery, andbe the thing that thou art ?
man,andby what means he had raised No!Iwould rather hang upon thisrock
than be
himfrom it'; and it will be wellif the Thus Ireturn histheinsults Jupiter.
slave,--ofthus defy him .
meaning is given — the inspiration of Yet musthefall; but he shallnever learn
poetry evaporates at the touch of trans- From me whose hand shall strike thewhelm
lation . ing blow :
“ Eyeshahad they,
d ear s,
but they saw not ; they There is no pang by which he may prevail.
No ! let him launch at me the flaning bolt,
But heard not : Like the shadows of a dream , Load with the white-wing'd snow the weary
For ages did they flit upon the earth , earth ,
Rising and vanishing, and left no trace Andto its centre rock it by the earthquake,
Of wisdom or of forethought. Their abodes Heshallnot shake me from myfirm resolve."
Were not of wood nor stone, nor did the sun
There this
Warm them ; for then they dwelt in light- between is sopassage
striking a resemblance
less caves
and Satan's ad
.
The season's change they knew not; when dress to Infernal Horrors in the first
the Spring book of Paradise Lost, that there is
Should shed its roses, or the Summer pour reason to believe that Milton's far
Its golden fruits, oricy Winter breathe famed line,
In barrenness and bleakness on the year. “ Betterto reign in hell than servein heaven .”
Toheaven I rais’d their eyes, and bade them might have been suggested by this :
mark
The time the constellations rose and set, “ No ! I would rather bang upon this rock
By which their labours they mightregulate. For aye, than be the slave of Jupiter.'
I taught them numbers: letterswere my gift, It would be easy , were not this ar
By which the poet's genius might preserve ticle already swelled too much in
The memory of glorious events. length, to draw such a parallel betwixt
the two characters, as to give strong
I to the plough bound the submissive ox ,
And laid thepanniers on the ass's back , reason to suspect that Milton took his
That they mightmankindintheirlaboursaid. first idea ofthat of Satan from Prome, 1
I to the chariot trained the willing steed ,
The luxury and glory of the wealthy. theus. Yet this is to detract little from
I to the tail mast hung the flaxen pinions, the glory of one of the greatest of our
To bear the vessel bounding o'er the billows, poets. An accidental spark is suffi
In sickness, man , withouta remedy, cient to kindle the fires of a volcano .
Was left to perish, till my pity taught 24
1817. ) Scottish Gypsies. - 43

NOTICES CONCERNING TIE SCOTTISH GYPSICS .

“ Hast thou not noted on the bye -way side,

Where aged saughs lean o'er the lazy tide,
Avagrant crew ,far strangled through the glade,
With trifles busied , or in slamber laid ; .
Their children lolling round them on the grass,
Or pestering with their sports the patient ass ?
-The wrinkled beldame there you may espy,
And ripe young maiden with the glossy eye,
Men in their prime, and striplings dark and dun ,
Scathed by the storm and freckled with the sun :
Their swarthy hue andmantle's flowing fold ,
Bespeak the remnant of a race of old :
Strange are their annals ! ---list, and mark them well
For thou hast much to hear and I to tell." HOGG.

Thatan Asiatic people should have have furnished. In presenting to the

resided four hundred years in the public the following desultory notices,
heart of Europe, subject to its civilized we are very far from any thoughts of
polity and commingled with its varied aspiring to this grave office- nor in
population, and yet have retained al deed is it our province. Our duty is
most unaltered their distinct oriental rather to collect and store up (if we
character, customs, and language,mis may so express it,) the raw materials
a phenomenon so singular as only to be of literature to gather into our repo
equalled , perhaps, by the unaccount- sitory scattered facts, hints, and obser
able indifference with which, till very vations,-which more elaborate and
lately, this remarkable fact appears to learned authors may afterwards work
have been regarded. Men of letters, up into the dignified tissue of history
while eagerlyinvestigating the customs or science. With this idea, and with
of Otaheite or Kamschatka, and losing the hope of affording to general readers
theirtempers in endless disputes about something both of information and
Gothic and Celticantiquities, have wit- amusement ona subject so curious and
nessed with apathy and contempt the so indistinctly known, we have collect
striking spectacle of a Gypsey camp , ed someparticularsrespecting theGyp
pitched, perhaps, amidstthemoulder- siesin Scotland, bothfrom public re
ing entrenchments of their favourite cords and popular tradition ; and, in
Picts and Romans. The rest of the order to render the picture more com
community, familiar frominfancy with plete, we shall introduce these by a
the general character and appearance rapid view of their earlier history - re
of these vagrant hordes, have probably serving to a future occasion our obser
never regarded them with any deeper vations on their present state, and on
interest than what springs from the the mysterious subjectof their natione
recollected terrors of a nursery tale, al language and origin .
or the finer associations of poeticaland That this wandering people attracted
picturesque description. It may, in- considerable attention on their first ar
deed , be reckoned as one of the many rival in Christendom in the beginning
remarkable circumstances in the hise ofthe fifteenth century, is sufficiently
tory of this singular race, that the best evident, both from the notices of con
and almost the only accounts of them temporary authors, and from the vari
that have hitherto appeared in this ousedicts respecting them still existing
country, are to be found in works of in the archives ofevery state in Europe.
fiction . Disregarded by philosophers Their first appearance and pretensions
and literati,-- the strange, picturesque, were indeed somewhatimposing. They
and sometimes terrific features of the entered Hungary and Bohemia from
gypsey character, have afforded to our the east, travelling in numerous hordes,
poets and novelists a favourite subject under leaders who assumed the titles
for delineation ; and they have exe- of King's, Dukes, Counts, or Lords
cuted the task so well, that we have of Lesser Egypt, and they gave them
little more to ask of the historian , selves out for Christian Pilgrims, who
than merely to extend the canvass, and had been expelled from that country
to affix the stamp ofauthenticity to by the Saracens for their adherence
the striking representations which they to the true religion. However doubt.
 44 Scottish Gypsies. [April
ful may now appear their claims to been somewhat diminished in particu
this sacred character, they had the ad- lar states by the progress of civiliza
dress to pass themselves on some of tion , it seems to be generally allowed
the principal sovereigns of Europe, that their distinctive character and
and, as German historians relate, even modes of life have nowhere undergone
on the Pope himself, for real pilgrims; any material alteration . InGermany,
and obtained, under the seals of these Hungary, Poland ,-in Italy, Spain,
potentates, various privileges and pass- France, and England, this singular
ports, empowering them to travel people, by whatever appellation they
through all christian countries under may be distinguished ,-Cingari, Zi
their patronage, for the space of seven geuners, Tziganys,Bohemiens, Gitanos,
years. — Having once gained this foot- or Gypsies, --still remain uncombined
ing, however, the Egyptian pilgrims with the various nations among whom
were at no great loss in finding pre- they are dispersed ,-- and still continue
tences for prolonging their stay ; and the samedark, deceitful, and disorderly
though it was soon discovered that race as when their wandering hordes
their manners and conduct corres- first emigrated from Egypt or from
ponded but little to the sanctity of India. They are still every where
their first pretensions, yet so strong characterized by the same strolling
was the delusion respecting them , and and pilfering propensities, - the same
so dexterous were they in the arts of peculiarity of aspect,-- and the same
imposition, that they seem to have pretensions to fortune-tellingand war
been either legally protected or silently lockry .'*
endured by most of the European go- The estimate of their present num
vernments for the greater part of a bers, by the best informed continent
century. * al writers on the subject, is almost
When their true character became incredible.— " Independently,” says
at length fully understood, and they Grellmann, “ of the multitudes of
were found to be inreality a race of gypsies in Egypt and some parts of
profligate and thievish impostors, – Asia , could we obtain an exact estimate
who from their numbers and audacity of them in the countries of Europe,
had now become a grievous and intol- the immense number would probably
erable nuisance to the various coun- greatly exceed what we have any idea
-severe
tries that they had inundated ,- of. At a moderate calculation , and
measures were adopted by different without being extravagant, they might
states to expel them from their terri- be reckoned at between seven and eight
tories. Decrees of expulsion were is. hundred thousand . ”
sued against them by Spain in 1492, The gypsies do not appear to have
by theGerman empire in 1500,and by found their way to this Island till
France in 1561 and 1612. Whether about 100 years after they were first
it was owing, however, to the ineffi- known in Europe. Henry VIII. and
cient systems of police at that time his immediate successors, by several
in use , or, that the common people severe enactments, and by re -export
among whom they were mingled fa- ing numbers of them at the public
voured their evasion of the public expense, endeavoured to expel from
edicts, it iscertain, that notwithstand their dominions “ this outlandishpeo
ing many long and bloody persecu- ple calling themselves Egupeians ,
but apparently
tions, no country that had once ad- cess with little better suc
than their brother sovereigns in
mitted “ these unknown and uninvita
ed guests,” has ever again been able other countries ; for in the reign of
to get rid of them . When rigorously Elizabeth the number of them in Eng
prosecuted by any government on ac- land is stated to have exceeded 10,000,
count of their crimes and depreda- and they afterwards became stili
tions, they generally withdrew for a more numerous. If they made any
time to the remote arts of the coun- pretension to the character of pil
try, or crossed the frontiers to a neigh- grims, on their arrival among our
bouring jurisdiction - only to return to southern neighbours, it is evident
their accustomed haunts and habits as at least that neither Henry nor
soon as the storm passed over. Though
their numbers may perhaps bave since • Grellmann . - See also Hume on Crim.
Law of Scotland , vol. ii. p . 344.— Macken
Grellmann. zie's Obs. on Stat. p, 333.
1817.) Scottish Gypsies. 45
Elizabeth were deceived by their im- mistry and telling of fortunes ; in
postures. Both these monarchs, in- somuch, they pitifully cozenedpoor
deed, ( particularly the former ), were country girls both of money, silver,
too much accustomed to use religion, as spoons, and the best of their apparele,
well as law, for a cloak to cover their or any goods they could make."
own violent and criminal conduct, to They had a leader of the name of
be easily imposed upon by the like Giles Hather, who was termed their
artificesin others. We find them ac- king ; and a woman of the name of
cordingly using very little ceremony Calot was called queen. These riding
with the Egyptian pilgrims,' who, through the country on horseback, and
inseveral of their statutes, are describ- in strange attire , had a prettie traine
ed by such designations as the follow- after them .” After mentioning some
ing : Sturdy roags,'.' rascalls, vaca- of the laws passed against them , this
bonds,'' masterless men , ydle, va- writer adds : - “ But what numbers
graunte, loyteringe, lewde, and yll- were executed on these statutes you
disposed persons, going aboute usingę would wonder ; yet,notwithstanding,
subtiltie and unlawful games or plaie,' all would not prevail, but they wan
such as faynt themselves to have dered as before uppe and downe, and
knowledge in physiognomye, palmes- meeting once ina yeare ata placeap
trie, or other abused sciences - tellers pointed; sometimes at the Peake's
of destinies, deaths, or fortunes, and Hole in Derbyshire, and other whiles
such lykefantasticall imaginatiouns.'- by Retbroak at Blackheath ." *
In king Edward's journal we findIt is probable that the gypsies en
them mentioned along with other tered Scotland about the same period
masterless men .' . The following as- in which they are stated by these ac
sociation of persons seems curious :- counts to have first pitched their tents
* June 22, 1649. There was a privy in the sister kingdom . The earliest
search made through Suffolk for all notice of them , however, that we have
vagabonds, gipsies, conspirators, pro- been able to discover in our national
phesiers, allplayers, andsuch like.* records, is contained in the celebrated
A more distinct account of theEng- writ of Privy Seal, passed in the 28th
lishgypsies, on their first arrival, isto yearof James V. ( 1540 ), in favour of
be found in a work quoted by Mr “ Johnne Faw , Lord and Erle of Litill
Hoyland, which was published in the Egipt.” A complete copy ofthis do
year 1612, to detect and expose the cument, which has been carefully col
art of juggling andlegerdemain. “ This lated withthe original record in the
kind of people, " says the author, Register House, will be found in ano
« about a hundred years ago, beganne ther department of our Magazine.
to gather on head, at the first heere, This writwas renewed by the Earl of
about the southerne parts. And this, Arran as Regent of Scotland in 1553,
as I am informed, and can gather, was nearly in the samewords. † It appears
their beginning : Certain Egyptians from these very curious edicts, that
banished their country , ( belikenot for John Faw , under the character of
theirgood conditions,) arrived heere in Lord and Erle of Litill Egipt,' had
England, who for quaint tricks and formerly obtained letters under the
devices not known here at that time Great Seal, enjoining all magistrates,
among us, were esteemed and had in &c. to support his authority "* in exe
great admiration ;, insomuch, that cutioun of justice vpon his cumpany
many of our English loyterers joined and folkis, conforme to the laws of
with them , and in time learned their Egipt, and in punissing of all thaim
crafty cozening .” “ The speach which that rebellis aganis him .” He com
they used was the right Egyptian plains that certain of his followers had ,
speach , with whom our Englishmen nevertheless, revolted from his juris
conversing , at last learned their lan- diction, robbed and left him , and
guage. These people, continuing were supported in their contumacious
about the country, and practising rebellion by someof the king's lieges;
their cozening art, purchased them- “ Sua thathe ( the said Johnne, thair
selves great credit among the coun- lord and maister ) on na wyse can ap
try people, and got much by pal- prehend nor get thame, to have thame
Appendix to Burnet's Hist. of Reforma Hoyland's Historical Survey.
tion , vol. ii. + Registrum Secreti Sigilli, vol. xxv. fol. 62.
 46 Scottish Gypsies. [April
hame agane within thairawin cuntre,” jugglers. The following passages, pre
" howbeithehas biddin and remanit scribing the modeof punishment,and
of lang tyme vpon thame, and is specifying some of the various sorts of
bundinand oblistto bring hame with vagrants against whom it is denounced ,
him all thame of his company that ar are particularly curious : - " That sic
on live, and ane testimoniale of thame as makis thame selffis fuilis, and ar
that ar deid ;" — the non -fulfilment of bairdts, or vtheris siclike rynarris a
which obligation, he pretends, will bout, being apprehendit, salbe put in
subject him to . “ nevy dampnage and the kingis waird and yrnis, sa lang as
skaith, and gre perell of tynsell they haue ony guidis of thair awin to
( loss) of his heretage." -- The names leifon ; and fra they haue not quhair
of these rebelliousEgyptians are exact- upoun to leif of their awin, that thair
ly the same in bothedicts, and having earis benailit to the trone, or to ane
been given in to the Scottish govern- vther trie, and thair earis cuttit of, and
ment by the chieftain himself, may be banist the cuntrie ; and gif thairefter
supposed to be correctly reported. We that they be found agane that they be
shall be glad if any of our learned hangit.” " And that it may be knawin
readers can help us to trace their ety- quhat manerofpersonis ar meanit to
mology. be strang and idle beggaris, and vaga
It affords a striking evidence of the boundis, and worthie of the pwnish
address of these audacious vagrants, ment before specifiit, it is declairit,
and of the ignorance of the times, to that all ydle personis ganging about in
find two of our sovereigns imposed ony cuntrie ofthis realme, vsing sub
upon by this gypsey chieftain's story, till, crafty, and vnlauchfull playis, as
about his band' and ' heretage.' juglarie, fast and lowis, and sic vthers ;
This was at least 120 years after the the idle people calling thame selffis E
first arrival of these hordes in Europe. gyptianis, or ony viheris that fenzies
-We hear no more of the return of thame selffis tohave knawledge of pro
Earl John and his company to thair phecie, charmeing, or vtheris abusit
awin cuntre.' sciences, quhairby they persuaid the
In the following year (1554 ), “ An- people that they can tell their weardis
dro Faw , capitane of the Egiptianis," deathis, and fortunes, and sic vther
and twelve of his gang, specified by fantasticall imaginationes ;" _ " and
name, obtained a remissionfor “ the all menstrallis , sangstaris,and tailtell
slauchter of Niniane Smaill, comittit aris, not avouit in speciall service be
within the toune of Lyntoune, in the sum of the lordis of parliament, or
moneth of March last bypast, vpoun greit barronis, or be the leid burrowis
suddantie .”» * and cities, for thair commoun mens
The gypsies appear to have kept trallis ;” — “ all vagabund scholaris of
their quarters in the country without the vniuersities of Sanctandrois, Glas
further molestation for the next twen- gw , and Abirdene, not licencit be the
ty - five years ; and their enormities, as rector and deane of facultie . to ask
well as their numbers, it would seem , almous,” &c. &c. *
had greatly increased during the long This statute wasrepeatedly renewed ,
political and religious struggles that and strengthened with additional
occupied the greater part of Mary's clauses, during the twenty -five years
disastrous reign. At length, in 1579, ensuing, “ anent the counterfaict Egyp
the government found it necessary to tianis ;" +-all which, however, proved
adopt the most rigorous methods to so utterly ineffectual in restraining the
repress the innumerableswarm of strol- crimesand depredationsof these ban
ling vagabonds of every description, ditti, that in 1603, the Lords of Privy
who had overspread the kingdom . A Council judged it expedient to issue a
new statute was enacted by parliament, decree andproclamation, banishing
“ For pwnishment of the strang and the whole race out of Scotland for ever,
ydle beggaris, and relief of the puir under the severest penalties. This
and impotent.” In the comprehen- edict is not extant, ( that part of the
sive provisions of this act, we find record which contained it being lost),
bards, minstrels, and vagabond scholars, but it was ratified and enforced in 1609,
( lachrymabile dictu !) conjoined in ig
nominious fellowship with the Egyptian Acta Parl. vol. iii. p . 139.
t. Acta Parl, vol. iii. p. 576. vol. iv. pr.
Regist. Secreti Sigilli, vol. xxvii. fol. 3 36 . 140 , 232.
 1817.) .. Scottish Gypsies. 47
by an act of parliament to the same very severe penalties. * The nature of
effect— " Commanding the vagabound- these acts will be better understood
is, sorneris, and commoun thieffis, from the following extract from that
commounlie callit Egyptianis, to pas of 4th July 1816 ,which also very well
furth ofthis realme, and nevir to re- explainsthe way inwhich the gypsies
turne within the samyn, vnder the contrived to maintain their footing in
paine ofdeath ,” - and declaring it law- the country , in defiance of all the ef
ful to all his Majesty's subjects, to ap- forts of the legislature to extirpate
prehend and execute any of them that them .-- " Itisof treuthe, that the theivis
might be found in the country after a and lymmaris foirsaidis , haueing for
certain day, “ as notorious and con- some shorte space after the said act of
demned thieffis - by ane assyse only to parliament ( 1609),.............dispersit
be tried that they are callit, knawin , thame selffis in certane darne and obe
repute, and haldin Egiptianis." * scure places of the cuntrey , .............
It appears, that notonly the lower thay wer notknawne to wander abroad
classes, but also many personsof note, in troupis and companies, accordingto
either out of compassion, or from less thair accustomed maner ; yitt shortlie
reputable motives, still continued, af, thairefter, finding that the said act of
ter the promulgation of this law , and parliament wes neglectit, and that no
in spite of repeated reprehensions from inquirie nor .... ...Wes maid for
the Privy Council, to afford shelter thame, thay begane to tak new breth
and protection to the proscribed Egyp- and courage, and..... vnite
tians. In February 1615, we find a thame selffis in infamous companies
remission under the Privy Seal, grant- and societies vnder.... ....... com.
ed to William Auchterlony of Cayrnie, manderis, and continuallie sensyne hes
for resettingt ofJohn Faw and his fole remanit within the cuntrie, commit
lowers. On the 4th July 1616, the ting alsweill oppin and avowed reiffis
Sheriff ofForfar is severely reprimand- in all partis murtheris, as
ed for delaying to execute some gyp- pleine stouthe and pykarie, quair
sies who had been taken withinhis thay may not be maisterit ; and thay
jurisdiction, and for troubling the do shamefullie and meschantlie abuse
Council with petitions in their behalf.I the simple and ignorant people, by
In November following, appears a telling of fortunes, and® vsing of
“ proclamatioun aganis Egyptianisand charmes, and a nomber of jugling
their ressettaris ;f -- in December 1619, trikis and falsettis, vnworthie to be
we find another proclamation against hard of in a cuntrey subject to reli
• resetters' of them ;//- in April 1620 gioun, law, and justice ; and thay ar
another proclamation of the same encourageit to remane within the cun
kind ; 1 - and in July 1620, a com- trey, and to continew in thair thevish
mission against ' resetters ;' all with and jugling trickes and falsettis, not
onlie throwdefault of the executioun of
Acta Parl. vol. iv. p. 440 . the said act of parliament, bot whilk
+ The nature of this crime, in Scotch is worse, that gritt nomberis of his Ma.
Law , is fully explained in the following jestie's subjects, of whom some oute
extract from the original, which also ap. wardlie pretendis to be famous and vn
pears curiousin other respects: The pardon spotted gentilmen, hes gevin and gevis
is granted— “ pro receptione, supportatione, oppen and avowed protectioun, resett,
et detentione supra terra suas de Balmadie, supplie, and mantenance vpon thair
et infra eius habitationis domum , aliaq.edi. ground and landis, to the saidis vaga
ficia eiusdem , Joannis Fall, Ethiopis, lie boundis, sorenaris, and condampned
Egiptian , eiusq. vxoris, puerorum , servo
rum, et associatorum ; Necnonpro mini- thevis and lymmaris , andsufferis
strando ipsis cibum , potum , pecunias, hos- thame to remane dayis, oulkis,and
picium , aliaq. necessaria, quocunq. tempore monethis togidder thairvpoun, without
vel occasione preterita, contra acta nostri controlement and with connivence and
Parliamenti vel Secreti Concilii, vel contra oversicht,” &c.—“So thay do leave a
quecunq. leges, alia acta , aut constitutiones foull, infamous, and ignominious spott
huius nostri regni Scotiæ in contrarium
teritie, thame
facta." —Regist.Secreti Sigilli, vol. Ixxxiii, vpoun that thayar houses,
, thair patro poss
nis toandthievi
fol. 291.
Regist. Secreti Concilii, Jul 4. 1616. and lymmaris," &c. &c.
Ś Ibid. Nov. 9. 1616 . There is still, however, sufficient evi- ,
|| Ibid . Dec. 21. 1619.
Ibid. Apr. 19. 1620. * Ibid. Jul. 6. 1620 .
 Scottish Gypsies. [April
dence on record , of the summary roote quent law which rendered the charac
and -branch justice thatwas frequently ter of gypseyequal, in the judicial
executed upon this unhappy race, in balance ,to that ofcommon and habitu .
terms of the above statute. The al thief, and prescribed his punishment
following may serve for specimens:- accordingly. Notwithstanding the se
In July 1611, four Faas were sentence verity of this and other statutes, the
ed to be hanged — as Egyptians. They fraternityprosperedamid the distresses
pleaded a special licence from the Privy of the country, and received large ac ,
Council, to abide within the country ; cessions from among those whom fa
- but they were held (from failure of mine, oppression , or the sword of war ,
their surety ,) to have infringed the had deprived of the ordinary means of
termsof theirprotection , andwere ex- subsistence. They lost, in a great
ecuted accordingly.-- In July 1616, measure, by this intermixture, the na
two Faas and a Baillie werecapitally tional characterof Egyptians, and be
convicted on the same principle.-- In came a mingled race , having all the
January 1624, Captain John Faa and idleness and predatory habitsof their
seven of his gang ( five of whom were eastern ancestors, with a ferocity which
Faas,) were doomed to death on the they probably borrowed from the men
statute_and_hanged . - A few days of the north who joined their society,
after, Helen Faa, relict of the captain , They travelled in different bands, and
Lucretia Faa, and other women, to the had rules among themselv by which
number of eleven , were in like manner each tribe was confined to its own
convicted , and condemned to be drown- district. The slightest invasion of the
ed .* - A similar case occurs in 1636. + precincts which had been assigned to
This we have inserted at length in another tribe, produced desperate skir
another department of our present mishes, in whid ch there was often
Number, as a fair specimen of these much bloodshe .
sanguinary proceedings. In later “ The patriotic Fletcher of Saltoun
times, the statute began to be inter- drew a picture of these banditti about
preted with a more merciful spirit a century ago, which my readers will
towards these wretched outcasts, and peruse withastonishment.
theywere hanged only when convicted There are, at this day, in Scota
( as happened , however, pretty fre- land (besides a great many poor fa
quently,) of theft, murder , and other milies, very meanly provided for by
violent offences against public order. the church boxes , with others who, by
Instead of carrying forward, in this living upon bad food , fall into various
manner, our own desultory sketch, we diseases) two hundred thousand people
shall place at once before our readers, begging from door to door. These are
the accurateand striking account given notonly no way advantageous, but a
of the Scottish gypsies,by a celebrated very grievous burden to so poor a
anonymous author of the present day, country. And though the number of
and by thedistinguished person whose them be perhaps double to what it
authority he has quoted . Considering was formerly, by reason of this pre
how very unnecessary, and how diffi- sent great distress, yet in all times
cult it would be to convey the same there have been about one hundred
information in other words and al- thousand of these vagabonds, who
lowingdue attention to the conveni- have lived without any regard orsub
ency of those who may not have the jection either to the laws of the land,
book at hand to refer towe do not . or
#
even
* *
those* of God
*
and nature ;
apprehend that any apology is necessary No magistrate
for availing ourselves of the following could ever discover, or be informed ,
passage from the well-known pages of which way one in a hundred of these
Guy Mannering wretches died , or that ever they were
" It iswellknown,” says the author, baptized . Many murders have been
" that the gypsies were , at an early discovered among them ; and they are
period, acknowledged as a separate and not only a most unspeakable oppression
independent race by one of the Scoto to poor tenants (who, if they give not
tish monarchs; and that they wereless bread, or some kind of provision , to
favourably distinguished by a subse- perhaps forty such villains in one day,
are sure to be insulted by them ), but
* Hume on Crim . Law , vol. ii. p. 339. they rob many poor people who live
+ Regist. Secreti Concilii, Nov. 10. 1636. in houses distant from any neighbour
1817.) . Scottish Gypsies. 49

hood. In years of plenty, many thou- offended them . These tribes were in
sands of them meet together in the short the Parias of Scotland, living
mountains, where they feast and riot like wild Indians among European
for many days; and at country wed- settlers, and , like them , judged of
dings, markets, burials,and other the rather by their own customs, habits,
likepublic occasions, they are to be and opinions, than as if they had been
seen,both manand woman, perpetual- members of the civilized part of the
ly drunk, cursing, blaspheming, and community. Some hordes of them
fighting together . yet remain , chiefly in such situations
“ Notwithstanding the deplorable as afford a ready escape either into a
picture presented in this extract, and waste country, or into another juris
which Fletcher himself, though the diction. Nor are the features of their
energetic and eloquentfriend of free character much softened . Their num
dom , saw no better mode of correcting bers, however, are so greatly dimi
than by introducing a system of do- nished , that, instead of one hundred
mesticslavery, the progress of time, thousand, as calculated by Fletcher,
and increase both of themeans of life it would now perhaps be impossible to
and of the power of the laws, gradually collect abovefive hundred throughout
reduced this dreadful evil within more all Scotland."
narrow bounds. The tribes of gypsies, Having, in the preceding pages, en
jockies, or cairds, --- for by all these deavoured to give our readers a general
denominations such banditti were outline of what may be termed the
known,-became few in number,and public annals of our Scottish Gypsies,
many were entirely rooted out. Still, we now proceed to detail some of those
however, enough remained to give oc- more private and personal anecdotes,
casional alarm and constant vexation. concerning them, with which we have
Some rude handicrafts were entirely been furnished chiefly from local tradi
resigned to these itinerants, particu- tions, or the observation of intelli
larly the art of trencher -making, of gent individuals. These we shall re
manufacturing horn -spoons, and the late without much regard to arrange
whole mystery of the tinker. To these ment, and, for the present, without
they added a petty trade in the coarser any further remarks of our own than
sorts of earthen -ware. Such weretheir may be requisite merely for connect
ostensible means of livelihood . Each ing or explaining them . It may be
tribe had usually some fixed place of proper generally to mention, that
rendezvous, which they occasionally though we deem it unnecessary to
occupied and considered as their stand- quote our authorities by name in every
ing camp, and in the vicinity of which particular case, or for every little a
they generally abstained fromdepre, necdote, yetwe can very confidently
dation. They had even talents and pledge ourselves, in every instance,
accomplishments, which made them for the personal credibility of our in
occasionally useful and entertaining. formers.
Many cultivated music with success ; The intrigue of the celebrated
and the favourite fiddler or piper of a Johnnie Faa with the Earl of Cassilis'
district was often to be found in a lady, rests on ballad and popular au
gypsey town. They understood all thority. Tradition points out an old
out-of-door sports, especially otter- towerin Maybole, as theplace where
hunting, fishing, or finding game. In the frail countess was confined. The
winter , the women told fortunes, the portrait shown as hers in the Abbey of
men showed tricks of legerdemain ; Holyroodhouse, however, is not ge
and these accomplishments oftenhelp- nuine.- Of this affair of gypsey gal
ed away a wearyor a stormy evening in lantry,Mr Finlay, in his notes to the
the circle of the “ farmer's ha '.” The old ballad of the Gypsie Laddie, gives
wildness of their character, and the the following account, as the result of
indomitable pride with which they his inquiries regarding the truth of
despised all regular labour, command- the traditionary stories on the subject :
cd a certain awe, which was not dimi- - " The Earl of Cassilis had married
nished by the consideration , that these a nobleman's daughter contrary to her
strollers were a vindictive race, and wishes, she having been previously
were restrained by no check, either of engaged to another ; but the persua
fear or conscience, from taking despe- sion and importunity of her friends
rate vengeance upon those who had at last brought her to consent. Sir
VOL . I. G
50 Scottish Gypsies. ( April
John Faw of Dunbar, her former lov- been the disguised knight, but we
er, seizing the opportunity of the earl's know for certain, that the present
absence on a foreign embassy, disguis- gypsey family of Faa in Yetholm have
ed himself and a number of his retain- been long accustomed to boastof their
carried off the lady, descent from the same stock with a very
ers as gypsies, and
nothing loth .' The earl having re- respectable family of thenameof Faw ,
turned opportunely at thetime of the or Fall, in East Lothian , which we
commission of the act, and nowise in- believe is now extinct.
clined to participate in his consort's The transformation of Johnnie Faa
ideas on the subject, collected his vas- into a knight and gentleman , is not the
sals, and pursued the lady and her par- only occasion on which the disguise of
amour to the borders of England ; a gypsey is supposed to have been as
where, having overtaken them , a bat- sumed for the purpose of intrigue.
tle ensued , in which Faw and his The old song of Clout the Caudron' is
followers were all killed , or taken founded upon such a metamorphosis,
prisoners, excepting one, as may be seen from the words in
the meanest of them all, Allan Ramsay's Tea-table Miscellany ;
Who lives to weep , and sing their fall. but an oldercopy preserves the name
It is by this survivor that the ballad of “the disguised lover :
Yestreen I was a gentleman ,
is supposed to have been written . This night I am a tinkler ;
The earl, on bringing back the fair Gae tell the lady o ' this house,
fugitive, banished her a mensa etthoro, Come down to Sir John Sinclair. ”
and , it is said , confined her for life in Notwithstanding the severe laws fré .
a tower at the village of Maybole, in quently enacted by the Scottish legis
Ayrshire,built forthe purpose and lature against this vagrant race, and,
;
that nothing might remain about this
tower unappropriated to its original asforced,
we have
theyseen
still, continued
often rigorously en
grievously
destination , eight heads carved in to molest the country aboutthe endof
stone, below one of the turrets, are the seventeenth and beginning of the
said to be the effigies of so many of eighteenth century . They traversed
the gypsies. The lady herself, as well the whole mountainous districts of
as the survivor of Faw's followers, the south , particularly Roxburghshire,
contributed to perpetuate theremem- Selkirkshire, and Tweeddale , and com
brance of the transaction ; for if he mittedgreat and daring depredations.
wrote a song aboutit, shewroughtit Agang of them once brokeinto the
in tapestry ; and this piece of work , House of Pennycuick, whilethegreater
manship is still preserved at Culzean part of the family were at church . Sir
Castle . It remains to be mentioned ,
thatthe ford, by which the lady and John
cadoedClerke,
himself the
in hisproprietor, barri,
own apartment
her lover crossed the river Doon from where sustained
a wood near Cassilis House, is still de- firing he a sort of siege
from the windows uponthe
nominated the Gypsie steps. robbers, who fired in return . By
Mr Finlay is of opinion that there an odd accident, one of them , while
are no good grounds for identifying they strayed through the house in
the heroof this adventure with John
nie Faa, who was king or captainof quest of plate and other portable ar
ticles,began to ascend the stair of a
the gypsies about the year 1590, and very narrow turret. When he had
he suppose
have s that
been the the whole
inventio storyfeud
n of some may got to some height, hisfoot slipt; and
to save himself, in falling, the gyp
al or political rival, to injure the char sey caught hold of what was rather an
acter ,and hurt the feelings ominous means assistance
of an op- of - arope,
ponent. As Mr F. however, has not namely, which hung conveniently for
brought forward any authority to sup- thepurpose. Itproved to be the bell
port thistoopinion,
adhere weare
the popular inclined
tradition still to,
, which rope,andthe fellow's weight ,in fall
on the presentoccasion, is veryuniform ing, set the
startled the alarm -bell a - who
congregation ringing,
wereand
as
and consistent. We do not know sembled in the parish church. They
any thing about the Sir JohnFaw of instantly came to rescue the laird, and
Dunbar, whom he supposes to have succeeded, it is said , in apprehending
some ofthe gypsies, who were execut
* Finlay's Scottish Ballads, vol. i . p. 39. ed . There is a written account of
1817. ) Scottish Gypsies. 51

this daring assault kept in the records left only one female to look after the
of the family. house. She was presently alarmed by
Tweeddale was very much infested the noise of shouts, oaths, blows, and
by these banditti, as appears from Dr all the tumult of a gypsey battle. It
Pennycuick's history of that county , seems another clan had arrived, and
who mentions the numerous execu . the earlier settlers instantly gave them
tions to which their depredations gave battle. The poor woman shut the
occasion. He also gives the following door, and remained in the house in
account of a bloody skirmish which great apprehension , until the door be
was foughtbetween two clans of gyp- ing suddenly forced open , one of the
siesnear his own house of Romanno. combatants rushed into the apartment,
“ Upon the 1st of October 1677, there and she perceived with horror that his
happened at Romanno, in the very spot left hand had beenstruck off. With
where now the dovecoat is built, a out speaking to or looking at her, he
memorable polymachy betwixt two thrust the bloody stump, with desper
clanns of gipsies, the Fawes and ate resolution, against the glowing bars
Shawes, whohad come from Hadding- of the grate ; and having staunched
toun fair, and were going to Harestains the blood by actual cautery, seized a
to meet with two other clanns ofthose knife, used for killing sheep, which
rogues, the Baillies and Browns, with lay on the shelf, and rushed out again
a resolution to fight them ; they fell to join the combat. - All was over ben
out at Romanno amongst themselves, fore the family returned from church ,
about divideing the spoyl theyhad got and both gangs had decamped, carry
atHaddingtoun, and fought it man- ing probably their dead and wounded
fully ; of the Fawes were four brethren along with them : for the place where
anda brother's son ; of the Shawes, they foughtwasabsolutely soaked with
the father with three sons, with seve- blood, and exhibited, among other re
ral women on both sides : Old Sandie liques ofthe fray, the amputated hand
Faw , a bold and proper fellow, with of the wretch whose desperate conduct
his wife, then with child, were both the maid -servant had witnessed .
kill'd dead upon the place, and his The village of Denholm upon Te .
brother George very dangerously viot was, in former times, partly occu
wounded. February 1678, old Robin pied by gypsies. The late Dr John
Shaw the gipsie, with his three sons, Leyden , who was a native of that par
were hang'd at the Grass-mercat for ish, used to mention à skirmish which
the above-mentioned murder commit- he had witnessed there between two
ted atRomanno, and John Faw was clans, where the more desperate cham
hang'd the Wednesday following for pions fought with clubs, having har
another murder. Sir Archibald Prim- row teethdriven transversely through
rose was justice-general at the time, the end of them .
and Sir George M‘Kenzie king's ad- About ten years ago, one John
." * Dr Pennycuick built a dove Young, tinker chief, punished with
vocat.
cote upon the spot where this affray instant death a brother tinker of infe
took place, which he adorned with the rior consequence who intruded on his
following inscription : walk. This happened in Aberdeenshire,
“ A. D. 1683 . and was remarked at the time chiefly
The field of Gipsie blood which here you see, from the strength and agility with
A shelter for the harmless Dove shall be." which Young, constantly andclosely
pursued, and frequently in view , main
Such skirmishes among the gypsies tained a flight of nearly thirty miles.
are still common , and were former . As he was chased by the Highlanders
ly still more so. There was a story on foot, and by the late General Gordon
current in Teviotdale ,-- but we can of Cairnfield and others on horseback,
not give place and date,—that agang the affair much resembled a fox chase.
of them came to a solitary farm- The pursuers were most ofthem game
house, and, as is usual, took possession keepers ; and that activerace of men
of some waste out-house. The family
went to church on Sunday, and ex- were so much exhausted , that they
were lying by the springs lapping'wa
pecting no harm from their visitors, ter with their tongues like dogs. It
is scarce necessary to add , that the
• Pennycuick's Description of Tweed . laws of the country were executed on
dale , Edit. Edin . 1715, p. 14 . Young without regard to the consid
1
52 Scottish Gypsies. [ April
eration that he was only enforcing the fian pulled him outbythe hair, drag
gypsey subordination. ged him into the middle of the floor,
The crimes that were committed and ran him through the body with
among this hapless race were often his dirk. The piper never asked for
atrocious. Incest and murder were mercy , but cursedthe other as long
frequent among them . In our recol. as he had breath. The girl was struck
lection , an individual was tried for a motionless with horror ,but the mur
theft of considerable magnitude, and derer told her never to heed or regard
acquitted, owing to the absence of one it, for no ill should happen to her . It
witness , a girl belonging to the gang, was this woman's daughter, Isabel
who had spoken freely out at the pre- Scott, who told me the story, which
cognition . This young woman was she had often heard related with all
afterwards found in a well near Corn- the minute particulars. If she had
hill, with her head downwards, and been stillalive, I think she would have
there was little doubt that she had been bordering upon ninety years of
been murdered by her companions. age ;-her mother, when this happen
We extract the following anecdotes ed, was a young unmarried woman
from an interesting communication on fit, it seems to be a kitchen -maid in a
this subject, with which we have been farm -house ,,-- so that this must have
favoured by Mr Hogg, author of " The taken place about 100 years ago.By
Queen's Wake .'- ' It was in the the time the breath was well out of
month of May that a gang of gypsies the unfortunate musician , some more
came up Ettrick ;-one party ofthem of the gang arrived, bringing with
lodged at a farm -house called Scob- them a horse, on which they carried
Cleugh ,and the rest went forward to back the body, and buried it on the
Cossarhill, another farm about a mile spot where they first quarrelled. His
farther on. Among the latter was one grave is marked by one stone at the
who played on the pipes and violin, head, and another at the foot, which
delighting all that heard him ; and the the gypsies themselves placed ; and it
gang, principally on his account; were is still looked upon by the rustics, as a
very civilly treated. Next day the dangerous placefor a walking ghostto
two parties again joined, and proceed- this day. There was no cognizance
ed westward in a body. There were taken of the affair, that any ofthe old
about thirty souls in all, and they had people ever heard of- butGod forbid
five horses . On a sloping grassy spot, that every amorous minstrel should be
which I know very well, on the farm so sharply taken to task in these days !
of Brockhoprig, they halted to rest. “ There is a similar story , of later
Here the hapless musician quarrelled date, of a murder committed at Low
with another of the tribe, about a girl, rie’s- den, on Soutra Hill, by one gyp
who, I think, was sister to the latter. sey on another : but I do not remem
Weapons were instantly drawni, and ber the particulars farther, than that
the piper losing courage, or knowing it was before many witnesses ;-that
that he was not a match for his anta- they fought for a considerable time
gonist, fled , -the other pursuing close most fiuriously with their fists, till at
at his heels. For a full mile anda half last one getting the other down, drew
they continued to strain most violent- a knife, and stabbed him to the heart
ly ,-- the one running for life, and the when he pulled the weapon out, the
other thirsting for blood ,- until they blood sprung to the ceiling, where it
cameagain to Cossarhill,the place they remained as long as that house stood ;
had left. The family were all gone and that though there were many of
out, either to the sheep or the peats, the gang present, none of them offered
save one servant girl, who was baking to separate the combatants, or made
bread at the kitchen table, when the any observation on the issue, farther
piper rushed breathless into the house. than one saying Gude faith , ye
She screamed, and asked what was the hae done for him now, Rob !” The
matter ? He answered, “ Nae skaith story bears, that the assassin fled , but
to you - nae skaith to you — for God'in was pursued by some travellers who
heaven's sake hide me !" - With that came up at the time, and after a hot
he essayed to hide himself behind a chace, wastaken , and afterwards hang
salt barrel that stood in a corner-but ed . ”
his ruthless pursuer instantly entering, The travellers here mentioned , we
his panting betrayed him. The ruf- happen to know , were the late Mr
1
 i 1817. ) Scottish Gypsies. 53
Walter Scott, writer to thesignet,then Ellick Kennedy, feeding six horses on
a very young man, andMr Fairbairn, the Coomb-loan,thebest piece of grass
long afterwards innkeeper at Black- onthe farm , and which he was care
shiels, who chanced to pass about the fully haining for winter fodder. A
time this murder was committed, and desperate combat ensued — but there
being shocked at the indifferencewith was no man a match for Will - he .
which the bystanders seemed to re- threshed the tinkler to his heart's con
gard what had passed, pursued, and tent, cut the girthing and sunks off
with the assistance of a neighbouring the horses, and hunted them out of
1 blacksmith , who joined in the chase, the country. A warfare offive years
succeeded in apprehending the mur- duration ensued between Will and the
derer, whose name, it is believed,was gypsies. They nearly ruined him ; and
Robert Keith. The blacksmith judged at theend of that period he was gladto
itprudent, however, toemigrate soon make up matters with his old friends,
after to another part of the country, and shelter them as formerly. He
in order to escape the threatened ven- said, 'He could maistly hae hauden his
geance of the murderer's clan . ain wi' them , an ' it hadna been for
“ Inmy parents ' early years," con- their warlockry, but the deil-be- licket
tinues Mr Hogg, " the Faas and the he could keep fra their kenning--they
Bailleys used to traverse the country ance fand out his purse, though he
in bodies of from twenty to thirty in had gart Meg dibble't into the kail
number, among whom were many yaird .'- Lochmaben is now one of
5
stout, handsome, and athletic men. theirgreat resorts — being nearly stock
They generally cleared the waters and ed with them . The redoubted Rachel
burns of fish , the farmers' out-houses Bailley, noted for her high honour, is
of poultry and eggs, andthe lums of all viewedas thequeen of the tribe.”
superfluous andmoveable stuff, such A woman of the name of Rachel Bail
as hams, &c. that hung there for ley, (but not the same person, we be
the purpose of reisting. It was like lieve, thatourcorrespondent alludes to )
wise well known, that they never a few yearsago, in Selkirkshire, afford
scrupled killing a lamb or a wether ed a remarkable evidence of the force
occasionally ; but they always man- of her gypsey habits and propensities.
aged matters so dexterously, that no This woman , having been guilty of re
one could ever ascertain from whom peated acts of theft, was condemned
these were taken . The gypsies were by Mr W. Scott, sheriff of that coun
otherwise civil, full of humour and ty, to imprisonmentin the bridewell
merriment, and the country people there, on hard labour, for six months.
did not dislike them . They fought She became so excessively wearied of
desperately with one another, but were the confinement, to which she had not
e seldom the aggressors in any dispute been accustomed, and so impatient of
or quarrel with others .-- Old Will of the labour of spinning, although she
Phaup , a well-known character at the span well, thatshe attempted suicide,
head of Ettrick, was wont to shelter by opening her veins with the point of
them for many years ;~ they asked no- apair of scissors. In compassion for
thing but house -room and grass for her state of mind, she wasset at liber
their horses ; and though they some ty by themagistrate ; but she had not
times remained for several days, he travelled farther thanYair Bridge-end ,
could have left every chest and press being about four miles from Selkirk,
about the house open , with the cer- when she thought proper to steal a
tainty that nothing would be missing; watch from a cottage , and being taken
for he said ,'he aye ken'd fu’ weel that with it in her possession, was restored
the tod wad keep his ain hole clean .' to her place of confinementjust about
But times altered sadly with honest four hours after she had been dis
Will — which happened as follows:- missed from it. She was afterwards
The gypsies (or tinklers, as they then banished the county .
beganto becalled ) were lodged at a The unabashed hardihood of the gyp
place called Potburn, and the farmer sies in the face ofsuspicion, or even of
either having bad grass about his open conviction, is not less character
house, or not choosing to have it eaten istic than the facility with which they
up, had made the gypsies turn their commit crimes, or their address in con
horses over the water to Phaup ground. cealing them . A gypsey of note, still
One morning about break of day, Will alive (an acquaintance of ours), was,
found the stoutest man of the gang, about twenty years ago, tried for a
 Scottish Gypsies. [ April
theft of a considerable sum ofmoney at way ; and the proscribed family, hear
a Dalkeith market. The proof seemed ing ofthe unanimous resolution to op
to the judge fully sufficient, but the ju- pose their passage, went more souther
rý being of a different opinion, brought ly by the heads of Tyne, and I never
in the verdict Not Proven , on which heard more of them , but have little
occasion , the presiding judge, when he doubt they are all hanged.
dismissed the prisoner from the bar, “ Will Allan, mentioned by the
informed him, in his own characteristic Reedwater Minstrel,* I did not know ,
language, “ That hehad rubbit shouth- but was well acquainted with his son ,
ers wi' the gallows thatmorning ;” and Jamie, a most excellent piper, and at
warned him notagain to appear there one time in the household of the
with a similar body of proof against Northumberland family ; but being
him , as it seemed scarce possible he an utterly unprincipled vagabond, he
should meet with another jury who wearied the benevolence of allhis pro
would construe it as favourably. Upon tectors, who were numerous and power
the same occasion, the prisoner's coun- ful, and saved him from the gallows
sel, a gentleman now deceased, thought more than once. Upon one occasion ,
it proper also to say something to his being closely pursued, when surprised
client on the risk he had run, and the in some villany, he dropped from the
necessity of future propriety of con- top of a very high wall, not without
duct ; to which the gypsey replied, to receiving a severe cut upon the fingers
thegreat entertainment of all around, with a hanger from oneof his pursus
“ That he was proven an innocent man , ers, who came up at the moment he
and that naebody had ony right to use hung suspended for descent. Allan
siccan language to him.” exclaimed , with minstrel pride, “ Ye
We have much satisfaction in being hae spoiled the best pipe hand in Bri
enabled to relate the following char- tain .' Latterly, he became an abso
acteristic anecdotes, in the words of lute mendicant, and I saw him refu .
another correspondent of the highest sed quarters at thehouse of my uncle,
respectability : Mr at (himself a most ex
“ A garg, of the name of Winters, cellent Border piper.) I begged hard
long inhabited the wastes of Northum- to have him let in, but my uncle was
berland, and committed many crimes ; inexorable, alleging his depredations
among others, a murder upon a poor on former occasions. He died, I be
woman, with singular atrocity, for lieve, in jail, at Morpeth .
which one of themwas hung in chains, “ My father remembered old Jean
near Tone - pitt, in Reedsdale. His Gordon of Yetholm , who had great
mortal reliques having decayed, the sway among her tribe. She wasquite
lord of the manor has replaced them a Meg Merrilies, and possessed the
by a wooden effigy, and stillmaintains savage virtue of fidelity in the same
the gibbet. The remnantof this gang perfection . Having been often hospi
came to Scotland about fifteen years tably received at the farm -house of
ago, and assumed the Roxburghshire
name of Winterip, as they found their • • A stalwart Tinkler wight was he,
own something odious. They settled An ' weel could mend a pot or pan ,
at a cottage within about four miles of An' deftly Wull could thraw aflee,
Earlston , and became great plagues to An’ neatly weave the willow wan ’ ;
the country, until they were secured, “ An’ sweetly wild were Allan's strains,
after a tight battle, tried before the An ' mony a jig an' reel he blew ,
circuit court at Jedburgh, and ba- Wi' merry lilts he charm'd the swains,
nished back to their native country of Wi' barbed spear the otter slew ," & c.
England. The dalesmen of Reed Lay of the Reedwater Minstrelo
water shewed great reluctance to re Newcastle, 1809.
ceive these returned emigrants. After In a note upon a preceding passage of the
the Sunday service at a little chapel same poem , the author (whose name was
near Otterbourne, one of the squires George Rokesby) says ,
“ Here was the rendezvous of the va .
rose, and, addressing the congregation,
told them they would be accounted no grant trainofFaas, tinklers, fc. The ce
longer Reedsdale
women, men , but Reedsdale lebrated
if they permittedthismarked
Wull Allan frequently sojoured
here,intheprogress ofhis fishing andot
ter-hunting
and atrocious family to enter their dis- soundedthe expeditions ; and here often re
drones of his no less celebrated
trict. The people answered, that they son, Jamie Allan, the Northumberland
would not permit them to come that piper.”
1817.) Scottish Gypsies. 65
Lochside, near Yetholm , she had care and anurgent request, that he would
fully abstained from committing any make her his purse-keeper, as the
depredations on the farmer's property: bairns, so she called her sons, would
But her sons (nine in number) had be soon home. The poorfarmer made
not, it seems, the same delicacy, and a virtue of necessity, told his story,
stole a brood - sow from their kind en- and surrendered his gold into Jane's
tertainer . Jean was so much morti- custody. She made him put a few
fied at this ungrateful conduct, and so shillings in his pocket, observing it
much ashamed at it, that she absented would excite suspicion should he be
herselffromLochside for several years. found travelling altogether pennyless.
At length , in consequence of some This arrangement being made, the
temporary pecuniary necessity, the farmer lay down on a sort of shake
Goodman of Lochside was obliged to down, as the Scotch call it, upon some
go to Newcastle to get some moneyto straw, but, as will easily be believed,
pay his rent. Returning through the slept not. About midnight the gang
mountains of Cheviot, he was benight- returned with various articles of plun
ed , and lost his way. A light, glim- der, and talked over their exploits in
mering through the windowofalarge language which madethe farmer trem
waste barn , which had survived the ble. They were not long in discover
farm -house to which it had once being their guest, and demanded ofJane
longed , guided him to a place of shel- whom she had got there ? “ E'en the
ter ; andwhen he knocked at the door, winsome gudeman of Lochside, poor
it was opened by Jean Gordon. Her body,” replied Jane: “ he's been at
very remarkable figure, for she was Newcastle seeking for sillerto pay his
nearly six feet high , and her equally rent, honest man , but deil-be -licket
remarkable features and dress, render he's been able to gather in , and sae he's
ed it impossible to mistake her for a gaun e'en hamewi' a toom purse and
moment ; and to meet with such a a sair heart. " “ That may be, Jane,"
character in so solitary a place, and replied one of the banditti ; but we
probably at no great distance from her maun ripe his pouches a bit, and see
clan , was a terrible surprise to the if it be true or no." Jean set up her
poor man, whose rent ( to lose which throat in exclamations against this
would have been ruin to him) was breach of hospitality, but without pro
about his person . Jean set up a loud ducing any change of their determi
shout of joyful recognition - Eh, nation. The farmer soon heard their
sirs ! the winsome gudeman of Loch- stifled whispers and light steps by his
side ! Light down , light down ; for bedside , and understood they were
ye manna gang farther the night, and rummaging his clothes. When they
a friend's house sae near.' The farm- found the money which the providence
er was obliged to dismount, and ac- of Jean Gordon had made him retain ,
cept of the gypsey's offer of supper and they held a consultation if they should
a bed. There was plenty ofmeat in take it or no , but the smallness of the
the barn, however it might be come booty, and the vehemence of Jean's
by,and preparations were going on for remonstrances, determined them in the
a plentiful supper, which the farmer, negative. They caroused and went
to the great increase of his anxiety, to rest. So soon as day dawned , Jean
observed, was calculated for ten or roused her guest, produced his horse,
twelve guests, of the same description which she had accommodated behind
no doubt with his landlady. Jean left the hallan , and guided him for some
him in no doubt on the subject. She miles till he was on the high road to
brought up the story of the stolen Lochside. She then restored his whole
sow ,and noticed how much pain and property , nor could his earnest in
vexation it had given her. Like other treaties prevail on her to accept so
philosophers, she remarked that the much as a single guinea.
world grows worse daily ; and, like “ I have heard the old people at Jed
other parents, that the bairns got out burgh say , that all Jean's son's were
of her guiding , and neglected the old condemned to die there on the same
gypsey regulations, which command- day. It is said the jury were equally
ed them to respect, in their depreda- divided ; but that a friend to justice,
tions, the property of their benefactors who had slept during the whole dis
The end of all this was, an inquiry cussion , waked suddenly, and gave his
what money the farmer had abouthim , vote for condemnation , in the emphat
 56 Scottish Gypsies. [ April
ic words, “ Hang them a'." Jean was Jean Gordon was at this festival.
present, and only said, “ The Lord To the admirers of good eating, gyp
help the innocent in a day like this !” sey cookery seems to have littletore
Her own death was accompanied with commend it. I can assure you, how
circumstances of brutal outrage, of ever , that the cook of a nobleman of
which poorJean was in many respects high distinction , a person who never
wholly undeserving . Jeanhadamong reads even a novelwithout an eye to
other demerits, or merits, as you may the enlargement of the culinary science ,
choose torank it, that of being a staunch has added to the Almanach des Gour.
Jacobite. She chanced to be at Care mands, a certain Potage a la Meg
lisle upon a fair or market day, soon Merrilits de Derncleugh, consisting of
after the year 1746, where she gave game and poultry of all kinds, stewed
vent to her political partiality, to the with vegetables into a soup, which
great offence of the rabble ofthat city. rivals in savour and richness the gal
Being zealous in their loyalty when lant messes of Comacho's wedding ;
there was no danger, in proportion to and which the Baron of Bradwardine
the tameness withwhich they had sur . would certainly have reckoned among
rendered to the Highlanders in 1745, the Epulæ lautiores.
they inflicted upon poor Jean Gordon “ The principal settlements of the
no slighter penalty than that ofduck- gypsies, in mytime, have been the two
ing her to death in the Eden. It was villages ofEasterand Wester Gordon ,
an operation of some time, for Jean and what is called Kirk - Yetholm .
was a stout woman , and, struggling Making good the proverb odd,
with her murderers, oftengot herhead Near the church and far from God.
above water ; and while she had voice
left, continued to exclaimat such in . A list of their surnames would be very
tervals, “ Charlie yet ! Charlie yet !" desirable. The following are among
- When a child, and among the scenes the principal clans : Faas, Bailleys,
which she frequented, I have often Gordons, Shaws, Browns, Keiths,
heard these stories, and cried piteously Kennedies, Ruthvens, Youngs,Taits,
for poor Jean Gordon . Douglasses, Blythes, Allans, Mont
“Before quitting the border gypsies, gomeries."
I may mention, that my grandfather Many of the preceding stories were
riding over Charterhouse -moor, then a familiar to us in our schoolboy days,
very extensive common, fell suddenly and we well remember the peculiar
among a large bandof them, who were feelings of curiosity and apprehension
carousing in a hollow of the moor, with whichwe sometimes encountered
surrounded by bushes. They instant- the formidable bands of this roaming
ly seized on his horse's bridle, with people , in our rambles among the Bor
many shouts ofwelcome, exclaiming derhills, or when fishing for perch in
( for he was well known to most of the picturesque little lake at Lochside.
them ) that they had often dined at his The late Madge Gordon was at thattime
expense, and he must now stay and accounted the queen of the Yetholm
share their good cheer. Myancestor clans. She was, we believe , a grande
was a little alarmed , for, likethe gude-
daughter of the celebrated Jean Gor
man of Lochside, he had more money don , and was said to have much re
about his person than he cared to ven- sembled her in appearance. The fol .

ture with into such society. However, lowing account of her is extracted
being naturally a bold livelyman , he from the letter of a friend, who for
entered into the humour of the thing, many years enjoyed frequent and fa
and sate down to the feast, which con- vourable opportunities of observing
sisted of all the varieties of game, the characteristic peculiarities of the
poultry, pigs, and so forth, thatcould Yetholm tribes. —" Madge Gordon
be collected by a wide and indiscrimi- was descended from the Faas by the
nate system of plunder. The feast mother's side, and was married to a
was a very merry one, but my relative Young. She was rather a remarkable
got a hint from some of the older gyp- personage of a very commanding pre
sies to retire just when sence and high stature, being nearly
• The mirth and fun grew fast and furious,' six feet high. She had a large aquiline
and mounting his horse accordingly, nose - penetrating, eyes, even in her
he took a French leave of his enter- old age- bushy hair that hung around
tainers, but without experiencing the her shoulders from beneath a gypsey
least breach of hospitality. I believe bonnet of straw - a short cloak of a
 577
1817. ] Scottish Gypsies.
peculiar fashion, and a long staff near- this manner and whether it was an
ly as tall as herself. I remember her imaginary resemblance I know not
well ;- every week she paid my father but the first time I listened to Hin
& visit for her almous, when I was a dhustanee spoken fuently , itreminded
little boy, and I looked upon Madge me of the colloquies of the Yetholm
with no cominon degree of awe and gypsies.” 1

terror. When she spoke vehemently On the subject of the gypsey lan,
( for she had many complaints) she used guage, our readers will remark a curi,
to strike her staff upon the floor, and ouscoincidence between the observa
throw herself into an attitude which tion just quoted, and the first of the
it was impossible to regard with indif- following anecdotes, which we are en
ference, She used to say that she abled to state upon the authority and
could bringfrom the remotest parts of in the words of Mr Walter Scottma
the island,friends to revenge her quar- gentleman to whose distinguished as
rel, while she sat motionless in her sistance and advice we have been on
cottage ; and she frequently boasted the present occasion very peculiarly
that there was a time when she was indebted, and who has not only fur
of considerable importance, for there nished us with many interesting par
were at her wedding fifty saddled ticulars himself, but has also obliga
asses, and unsaddled asses without ingly directed us to other sources of
number. If Jean Gordon was the curious information :
prototype of the character of Meg «. Whether the Yetholm gypsies
Merrilies, I imagine Madge must have have a separate language or not, I im
sat to the unknown author as the re- agine might be ascertained, though
presentative
<<
of her person . those vagrants always reckon this a
I have everunderstood ,” says the mong their arcana majora. A lady
same correspondent, speaking of the who had been inIndia addressed some
Yetholm gypsies, “ that they are ex- gypsies in the Hindhustanee language,
tremely superstitious - carefully notic- from the received opinion that it is si
ing the formation of the clouds, the milar to their own. They did not ap
flight of particular birds, and the parently understand her, but were ex
soughing of the winds, before attempt tremely incensed at what they con
ing any enterprise. They have been ceived amockery ; so it is probable the
known for several successive days to sound of the language had an affinity
turn back with their loaded carts, to that of their own.
asses , and children , uponmeeting with “ Of theHighland gypsies I had the
persons whom they considered of un- following account from a person of ob
lucky aspect ; nor do they ever pro- servation, and highly worthy of credit.
ceed upon their summer peregrinations There are manysettled in Kintyre,who
without some propitiousomen of their travel throughthe highlands andlow
fortunate return. They also burn the lands annually. They frequently take
clothes of their dead, not so much their routethrough the passes of Loch
from any apprehension of infection Katrine, where they are often to be met
being communicated by them , as the with. They certainly speak among
conviction that the very circumstance themselves a language totally distinct
of wearing them would shorten the from either Gaelic or Lowland Scotch .
days of the living. They likewise ' A family having settled near my in
carefully watch the corpse by night former for a few days,he wormed some
and day till the time of interment, of the words out of a boy of about
and conceive that the deil tinkles twelve years old, who communicate.I
at the lykewake' of those who felt in them with the utmost reluctance, say
their dead thraw the agonies and ter- ing, his grandfather would kill him if
rors of remorse. I am rather uncer- he knew of his teaching any one their
tain about the nature of their separate speech. One of the sentences my in
language. They certainly do frequent- former remembered - it sounded' like
ly converse in such a way as complete- no language I ever heard, and I am
ly toconceal their meaningfrom certain as no affinity with any
people ; but it seems doubtful whee branch of the Gothic or Celtic dialects.
ther the jargon they use, on such oc- I omitted to write the words down,
casions, be not a inere slang invented but they signified, ' I will stick my
for very obviouspurposes. I recollect knife into you, you black son of a
of having heard them conversing in devila gypsey -likeHн exclamation. My
VOL . I.
18 Scottish Gypsies. [ April
informer believed that many crimes travellers have related of them , from
and even murders were committed a their first appearancein Europe down
mong them , which escaped the cogni- to our own times. He has also taken
zance of the ordinary police ; the se great pains to procure information re
clusion oftheirhabits, and the solitary specting their present state in Britain
paths which they chose, as well as the -by sending circular queries to the
insignificance of their persons, with - chief provincial magistrates, and by
drawing them from the ordinary in- personally visiting several of their en
spection and attention of the magis. campments for the purpose of setting
trate .
on foot some plan for their improve
“ The Scottish lowland gypsies have ment and civilization. Mr Hoyland,
not in general so atrociousa character, weunderstand, is a member of the re
but are always poachers, robbers of spectable society ofFriends or Quakers
hen -roosts, black -fishers, stealers of whose disinterestedand unwearied
wood, & c. and in that respect incon . exertions in the cause of injured hu .
venient neighbours. A gang of them , manity are above all praise. It is
Fans and Baillies, lately fought a enough to say of the present object,
skirmish with the Duke of Buce that it is not unworthyof that Chrisa
cleuch's people and some officers of tian philanthropywhich accomplished
mine,in which a fish -spear was driven the abolition of the slave trade. We
into the thigh of one of the game- py,
shallshould
account ourselves peculiarly hap
keepers. our humble endeavours in
" A lady of rank, who has resided any degree tend to promote MrH.'s
some time in India, lately informedme, benevolent purpose, byattracting pub
thatthe gypsies are to be found there lic attention tothis degraded race of
in the same way as inEngland, and outcasts-- the Parias of Europe
practise the same arts of posture-makethousands of whom stillexist in Bri
ing and tumbling, fortune-telling, tain , in a state of barbarism and
stealing, andso forth. The Indian wretchedness scarcely equalled by that
gypsies are called Nuts, or Bazeegurs, of their brethren in India. From
and are believed by many to be the re- such of our readers as may have had
mains of an original race, prior even opportunities of observing the man
to the Hindhus, and who have never ners, or investigating the origin and
adoptedthe worship ofBramah . They peculiar dialectof this singular peo
are entirely different from the Parias, ple, we respectfully invite communi
who are Hindhus that have lost caste, cations. Even solitary or seemingly
and so become degraded . trivial rotices on such a subject ought
There is a very curious essay con- not to be neglected : though singly
cerning the Nuts in the seventh unimportant, they may lead collec
volume of the Asiatic Researches, tivelyto valuable results. Butweneed
which contains some interesting obé not multiply observations on this point
servations on the origin and lan- -since our ideais already so well ex
guage of the European gypsies. But pressed in the following extract from
we have been tempted to extend this thesame valuablecommunication which
article already far beyond the li- welast quoted. " Ihave always con
mits we propose usually to allot to any sidered ," says Mr Scott, “ asa very
subject in the course of a single curious phenomenon in Society, the
Number ; and though we have still existence of those wandering tribes,
many curious particulars to detail, we having nearly the same manners and
find these must necessarily be de- habits in all the nations of Europe,
layed till our next appearance. We and mingling everywhere with civil
cannot, however, quit this subject society without ever becoming amal
for the present without noticing with gamated with it. It has been hitherto
particular approbation a little work found difficult to trace their origin ,
lately published by Mr Hoylandof perlaps because there is not a suffi
Sheffield, entitled , " A Historical Sur . cient number of facts to go upon. I
vey of the Customs, Habits, and pre- have not spared you such as I have
sent State of the Gypsies ; designed to heard or observed , though many are
develope the origin of this singular trivial : if others who have better op
people, and to promote the ameliora- portunities would do the same, some
tion oftheir condition ." -- The author general conclusions might result from
has industriously collected the sub- the whole."
stance of what previous historians or ( To be continued . )
 1817.3 Col. Beaufoy's Journey to the Summit of Mount Blanc. 69

SELECT EXTRACTS .

ACCOUNT OV
COLONEL BEAUFOY's mouni, accompanied by a guide who
JOURNEY TO THE SUMMIT ор was skilled in the passes, and availing
MOUNT BLANC . himselfof theknowledgeofthe route
which had been acquired by the ata
Colonel BeaufOY, a philosopher tempts of former travellers, succeeded,
of considerable eminence , has lately after many discouraging accidents, in
published, in the Annals of Philosophy actually gaining the summit of the
(No 50,Feb. 1817,) an interesting mountain . - The travellers remained
account of a journey which he made about half an hour on a spot which
to the summit of Mount Blanc in the had ncver probably been trod by any
month of August of the year 1787. human foot, and where the cold was
From aboutthe year 1776, various so intense as not only to freeze the
unsuccessful attempts had been made, provisions and ink which they carried
by different adventurers, to reach the along with them , but also to affect
summit of this stupendous mountain. their own bodies with several very
The first of these attemptswas made unpleasant and dangerous symptoms.
in that year by M. Couteran, accom- The success of this expedition of Dr
panied by three guides from the neigh- Paccard appears to have encouraged
bouring valley: After travelling four- Saussure to a second attempt; and,
teen hours, during which they had accordingly, on the 14th of August
made their way over many of the most 1787, hesucceeded in conveying to
hazardous and fatiguing parts of the the top of the mountain a pretty large
ascent, they arrived at the eminence assortment of philosophical instru .
next to mount Blanc, at about 13,000 ments, and of other conveniencies for
feet above the Mediterranean ; but the success of the expedition. He re
perceiving that four hours would still mained on the summit of the mountain
benecessary to acoomplish their enter- four hours, enjoying the satisfaction
prise , that the day was far advanced , of a most extensive prospect, and
and that clouds were beginning to en« diligently employing this favourable
velope the summit, they were obliged, opportunityintheperformance of seve
withmuch regret, to give up the pro- eral interesting andinstructive experi
ject they had so nearly accomplished. ments. At thisvast elevation, ofsome
-The next attempt was made in Sep. thing more than 15,000 feet above the
tember of the year 1784, by M. Boure level of the sea, respiration wasvery
rit, accompanied by six guides ; but sensibly affected burning thirst
he was so affected by the intensity of seemed almost to parch the skin , and
the cold, when he had very nearly ac- a particular aversion was at the same
complished the object of his journey, time felt for every kind of spirituous
that he found it tobe a matter of ab- liquors -- the only alleviation which
solute nécessity to relinquish any hope thesensations of the travellers admit
of making farther progress. In the ted, being that derived from copious
following year, 1785, Marie Coutet and repeated draughts of fresh water.
and James " Balma reached a sheltered It will be seen inthe sequel, that pre
place ata very considerable elevation, cisely the same effects were experien :
where they passed the night, and were ced in the subsequentaseent which we
afterwards proceeding towards the are about to consider.
summit of the mountain , when a vio- The expedition of Col. Beaufoy was
lent storm of hail obliged them to de- the third successful attempt to gain
sist. - On the 13th of the same month , thesummit of the mountain. - It was
Saussure and Bourrit, with twelve undertaken only five days after that of
guides, after having advanced about M. Saussure, which we have now re
7808 feet above the level of the sea, lated , and to a few extracts from the
were also prevented by a fall of snow Colonel's paper, comprehending what
from accomplishing their design. At seems mostremarkablein thejourney ,
last, on the 8th ofAugustof the year we shall now direct the attention of
1786, Dr Paccard, a physician of Cha- our readers.
60 Col. Beaufoy's Journey to the Summit of Mount Blanc. [April
After detailing the preparations he the clearness of theair was such , as
had made for the successful prosecu- led me to think that Jupiter's satellites
tion of his journey , and giving an ac- might be distinguished by the naked
count of his progress during the first eye, and had he not been in the
five hours after his departure, by neighbourhood of the moon , I might
which time he had arrived at the se- possibly have succeeded. He continu.
cond glaciere, called the Glaciere de ed distinctly visible for several hours
la Cote, the Colonel thuscontinues his after thesun was risen, and did not
narrative: “ Our dinner being finish- wholly disappear till almost eight.” .
ed, we fixed our cramp irons to our With the morning dawn the com
shoes, and began to cross the glaciere ; pany proceeded on their expedition ;
but we had not proceeded far, when and the following passage will convey
we discovered that the frozen snow a very distinct idea of the dangers and
which lay in the ridges between the horrors to which this journey is ex
waves of ice, often concealed, with a posed . " Our route was across the
covering of uncertain strength, the snow ; but the chasms which the ice
fathomless chasms which traverse this beneath had formed, though less nu
solid sea ; yet the danger was soon in merous than those that we had passed
a great degree removed, by the expe- on the preceding day, embarrassed our
dient of tying ourselves together with ascent . One in particular had opened
our long rope, which, being fastened so much in the few days that inter
at proper distances to our waists, se- vened between M. De Saussure's ex
cured from the principal hazard such pedition and our own, as furth
for the time
as might fall within the opening of to bar the hope of any er
pro
the gulf. Trusting to the same pre- gress ; but at length , after having
caution , we also crossed upon ourlad- wandered with much anxiety along its
der, without apprehension, such of the bank, I found a place which I hoped
chasms as were exposed to view ; and the ladder was sufficientlylong to cross.
sometimes stopping in the middle of The ladder was accordingly laid down,
the ladder, looked down in safetyup- and was seen to rest upon the opposite
on an abyss which baffled the reach of edge, but its bearing didnot exceed
vision, and from which the soundof aninch on either side. Wenow con
the masses of ice, that we repeatedly sidered, that should we pass the chasm ,
let fall, in no instance ascended to the and should itsopening,which had en
ear . In some places we were obliged larged so much in thecourse of a few
to cut footsteps with our hatchet ; yet preceding days, increase in the least
on the whole the difficulties were far degree before the time of our descent,
from great, for in two hours and a half no chance of return remained . We al
we had passed the glaciere. We now , so considered , that if the clouds, which
with more ease and much more expe- so often envelope the hill, should rise,
dition, pursued our way, having only the hope of finding, amidst the thick
snow to cross ; and in two hours ar- fog, our way back to this only place
rived at a hut, which had been erected in which the gulf, evenin its present
in the year 1786 by the order and at state, was passabie, was little less than
the expense of M. de Saussure . ” desperate. Yet after a moment's panse
At this hut the travellers slept; and the guides consented to go with me,
the following is a very striking account and we crossed the chasm . We had
of the night scene which was observed not proceeded far, when the thirst,
at this elevated station : 5 At two which , since our arrival in the upper
o'clock I threw aside my blankets, and regions of the air, had been always
went out of the but to observe the ap- troublesome, became almost intolera
pearance of the heavens. The stars ble. No sooner had I drank than the
shone with a lustre that far exceeded thirst returned , and in a few minutes
the brightness which they exhibit my throat became perfectly dry. As
when seen from the usual level ; and gain I had recourse to the water, and
had so little tremor in their light, as again my throat was parched. The air
to leave no doubt on my mind , that itself was thirsty : its extreme of
if viewed from the summit of the dryness had robbed my body of its
mountain , they would have appeared moisture.”
as fixed points. How improved in After surmounting a succession of
those altitudes would be the aids which similar dangers, and continuing to ex
the telescope gives to vision kindeed perience the same disheartening sensa,
1817. ) Remarkable Case of Margaret Lyall. 61
tions, the company at length arrived so remarkably fine, that I could not
at about 150 fathoms below the level discover in any part of the heavens the
of the summit. Their feelings at this appearance of a single cloud."
moment are well depicted in the fole In this expedition the latitude of
lowingpassage. “ The pernicious ef- Mount Blancwas very accurately de
fects of the thinness of the air were termined, and some experimentswere
now evident on us all : a desire, almost also made respecting the power of a
irresistible, of sleep came on . My burning - glass at the summit of the
spirits had left me : sometimes, indif- mountain , compared with its effect in
ferent as to the event, I wished to lie the vale of Chamouni. The chief in
down ; at others I blamed myself for terest of the narrative, however, is dem
the expedition ; and, though just at the rived from the information which it
summit, had thoughts of turning back communicates respecting the dangers
without accomplishing my purpose. of the journey itself, and from the
Of my guides many were in a worse corroboration it has given to the testi
situation ; for, exhausted by excessive mony of othertravellers respecting the
vomiting, they seemed to have lostall effect produced upon the human body
strength , both of mind and body. But in such elevated situations. We do
shame at length came to our relief. I not know that any account has yet
drank the last pint of water that was been published of the attempts which
left, and found myself amazingly re- have been made, subsequent to that
freshed . - My lungs with difficulty of Colonel Beaufoy, to accomplish the
performed their office, and my heart same journey, -- but we have reason to
was affected with violent palpitation. believe, that of late years the summit
At last, however, but with a sort of of the mountain has been frequently
apathy which scarcely admitted the gained.
sense of joy, we reached the summit
of the mountain ; when six of my ACCOUNT OF THE REMARKABLE CASE
guides, and with them my servant,
threw themselves on their faces, and OF MARGARET LYALL,
were immediately asleep. Who continued in a State of Sleep
We have only room for one other nearly Six Weeks.
extract, in which an account is given
of the effect produced upon the mind By the Rev. JAMES BREwster , Mi
of the spectatorby the view from the nister of Craig
vastheight towhich the travellers had (From the Transactions of the Royal Society
attained . “ When the spectator be- of Edinburgh .. Read Feb. 19, 1816.)
gins to look round him from this ele
vated height, a confused impression of Manse of Craig , Feb. 19, 1816.
immensity is the first effect produced MY DEAR BROTHER,
upon his mind ; but the blue colour, The enclosed account was drawn
deep almost to blackness, of the canopy up at the request of Robert Græme,
above him, soon arrests his attention. Esq. when all the circumstances were
He next surveys themountains,many fresh in my own recollection, and that
of which , from the clearness of the air, of all with whom I had occasion to
are to his eye within a stone's throw confer on the subject. Since you re
from him ; and even those of Lombardy quested me to send you a correct copy
seem to approach his neighbourhood : of the whole case, I have renewed my
while, on the other side, the vale of inquiries among the friends of the
Chamouni, glittering with the sun- young woman, and submitted my ac
beams, is to the view directly below count to several persons, who were
his feet, andaffects his head with gid- most capable of supplying any omis
diness. On the other hand, all objects, sions, or correctingany mistakes. I
of which the distance is great and the can confidently vouch for the general
level low, are hid from his eye by the accuracy of the statement, but would
blue vapour which intervenes , and not wish its credibility to rest entirely
through which I could not discern the on my single testimony. I have there
Lake of Geneva, though, at the height fore procured the signature of the
of 15,700 English feet, which, accord- young woman's father , and of several
ing to Saussure, was the level on which gentlemen, with whom you are more
I stood ; even the Mediterranean sea or less acquainted, and who frequently
must have been within the line of saw her during her illness. The ac
vision.The air was still, and the day count of her recovery, on the 8th of
 02 Remarkable Case of Margaret Lyall. [ April
August, indeed, rests wholly on the flowed from her nose ; and about half
testimony ofthe father, which there is a Scotch pint of blood was perceived
not the smallest reason to doubt. I on the floor, at her bed - side. All at
am sensiblethatmany of the circum- tempts to awaken her were utterly
stances which I have mentioned may ineffectual: and shewas conveyed in
appear to be unnecessarily minute , or a cart to her father's house , about half
even altogether unimportant ; but, in a mile distant from Budden. Dr Giba
detailing so remarkable a case ,Idid son, physician inMontrose, having
not think myself qualified or entitled been called, a pound of blood was
to select according to my own judge taken from her arm ; but she still rem
ment; and considered it to be my mained in the same lethargic state,
business as a reporter, merely to re without making the slightest motion,
late, as clearly and correctly as possi- ortaking any nourishment, or having
ble , whatever was observable in the any kind of evacuation , till the after
situation of thepatient. I have noted, noon of Friday , the 30th day of June,
also, her previous employment, the when she awoke of her own accord,
places where she resided, and some of and asked for food. At this period
the individuals who attended to her she possessed all her mental and bo
case, partly to render the account dily faculties ; mentioned distinctly,
more intelligible , and partly to enable that she recollected her having been
others to make further inquiries for awakened on Tuesday morningat two
themselves. I may mention farther, o'clock , by a bleeding at her nose,
in case you may not be aware of the which flowed very rapidly ; said , that
circumstance, that there is a similar she held her head over the bed -side
case recorded in the Transactions of till the bleeding stopped ; but de.
the Royal Society of London for 1705, clared, that from that moment she
vol. xxiv . p. 2177. Yours, &c. had no feeling or remembrance of any
Jas. BREWSTER. thing, and felt only as if she had taken
To Dr. Brewster . a very long sleep . An injection was
administered with good effect, and she '
MARGARET LYALL, a young woman went to sleep as itsual ; but, next
about twenty -oneyears of age, daugh- morning, (Saturday July 1,) she was
ter of John Lyall, shoemaker in the found in the same state of profound
parish ofMarytown, served, during the sleep as before. Her breathingwasso
winter half-year preceding Whitsun- gentle as to be scarcely perceptible,
day 1815, in the family of Peter Ark- her countenance remarkably placid,
ley, Esq. of Dunninald, in the parish and free from any expression of dis
of Craig. At the last mentioned term , tress ; but her jaws were so firmly
she went as servant to the Rev. Mr locked, that no kind of food or liquid
Foote of Logie ; but, in a few days could be introduced into her mouth .
after entering her place, was seized In this situation she continued for the
with a slow fever, which confined her space of seven days, without any mo
to bed rather more than a fortnight. tion , food , or evacuation either of urine
During the latter part of her illness or fæces. At the end of seven days
she was conveyed to her father's house ; she began to move her left hand ; and,
and, on the23d of June, about eight by pointing it to her mouth , signified
days after she had been able to leave a wish for food . She took readily
her bed , she resumed her situation whatever was given to her , and shewed
with Mrs Foote, who had , in the mean an inclination to eat more than was
time, removed to Budden, in the pa- thought advisable by the medical at
rish of Craig, for the benefit of sea- tendants. Still, however, she disco
bathing. She was observed, after her vered
return , to do her work rather in a
no symptoms of hearing, and
made no other kind of bodily move
hurried manner ; and, when sent upon ment than that of her left hand. Her
any errand, to run or walk very quick right hand and arm , particularly, ap
ly, as if impatient to finish whatever peared completely dead and devoid of
she had in hand. Her health, how- feeling, and even when pricked with a
ever, appeared to be perfectly restored , pin, so as to draw blood , never shrunk
except that hermenseswere obstructed. in the smallest degree, or indicated the
On Tuesdaymorning ,June27th, about slightest sense of pain . Atthe same
four days after her return to service, time, she instantly drew back the left
shewas found in bed ina deep sleep, arm , whenever it was touched by the
with the appearance of blood laving point of the pin. She continued to take
1817.) Remarkable Case ofMargaret Lyall. 63

food , whenever it was offered to her ; ring the third and fourth week, about
and when the bread was put into her 60 ; and , on the day before her re
left hand, and the hand raised by an . covery , at 70 or 72 ; whether its in .
other person to her mouth , she imme crease was gradual, was not ascertained .
diately began to eat slowly, but unre- She continued, during the whole pe
mittingly , munching likea rabbit, till riod, to breathe in the sare soft and
it wasfinished. It was remarked , that almost imperceptible manner as at
if it happenedto be a slice of loafwhich first ; but wasobserved occasionally,
she was eating, she turned the crust during the night time, to draw her.
when she came to it, so as to introduce breath more strongly, like a person
it more easily into her mouth , as if who had fallen asleep. She discover
she had been fully sensible of what ed nosymptoms of hearing, till about
she was doing. But when she had four days before her recovery ; when ,
ceasedto eat, her hand dropped upon upon being requested (as she had of
her chin or under lip, and rested there, ten been before, without effect) to
till it was replaced by her side, or upon give a sign if she heard what was said
her breast. She took medicine, when to her, she made a slight motion with
it was administered, as readily as food, her left hand, but soon ceased again
without anyindication of disgust ; and, to shew any sense of hearing. On
in this way, by means of castor oiland Tuesday forenoon, the day of her rea
aloetic pills, her bowels were kept covery, she shewed evident signs of
open ; but no evacuation ever took hearing , and by moving her left hand ,
place without the use of a laxative. intimated her assent or dissent in a
It was observed, that she always gave tolerably intelligent manner ; yet, in
a signal, by pushing down the bed the afternoon of the same day, she
clothes, when shehad occasion to make seemed to have again entirely lost all
any evacuation. The eye -lids were sense of hearing. About eight o'clock
uniformly shut, and, when forced on Tuesday evening, her father, a
open , the ball of the eye appeared shrewd intelligent man, and of a most
turned upwards, so as to shew only respectable character, anxious to avail
the white part of it. Her friends himself of her recovered sense of hear
shewed considerable reluctance to al- ing, and hoping to rouse her faculties
low any medical means to be used for by alarming her fears,* sat down at
her recovery ; but,about the middle of her bed -side, and told her that he had
July, her head was shaved , and a large now given consent, (as was in fact
blister applied , which remained nine the case,) that she should be removed
teen hours, and produced an abundant to the Montrose Infirmary ; that, as
issue, yet without exciting thesmall her case was remarkable, the doctors
est symptom of uneasiness in the pa- would naturally try every kind of ex
tient. Sinapisms were also applied to perinnent for her recovery ; that he
her feet, and her legs were moved was very much distressed , by being
from hot water into cold, and vice obliged to put her entirely into their
versa , without any appearance of sen- hands ; and would “ fain hope ” that
sation. In this state she remained , this measure might still be rendered
without any apparent alteration, till unnecessary, by her getting better be
Tuesday the 8th day of August, pre- fore the time fixedfor her removal.
cisely six weeks from the timewhen she gave evidentsigns of hearing him ,
she was first seized with her lethargy, and assented to his proposal of having
and without ever appearing to be the usual family -worship in her bed
awake, except, as mentioned, on the room . After this was over, she was
afternoon of Friday the 30th of June. lifted into a chair till her bedshould be
During the whole of this period, her
colour was generally that of health ; * Lest it might be supposed , that this
but her complexion rather more de procedure of the father implied a suspicion
licate than usual, and occasionally on his part ofsomedeception being practis.
changing, sometimes topaleness, and ed by the young woman , it may beproper
at other times to a feverish flush . to state, that it was suggested by his own
The heat of her body was natural ; experience in thecase of another daughter,
but, when lifted out of bed , she ge awho had been affected many years before in
very extraordinary degree with St Vitus's
nerally became remarkably cold . The dance, or,as it is termed inthiscountry,
state of her pulse was not regularly “ The louping ague ;" and who was almost
marked ; but, during the first two instantaneously cured by the application of
weeks, it was generally at 50 ; due terror.
64 Remarkable Case of Margaret Lyall. [ April
made; and her father, taking hold of took her breakfast, and resumed her
her right hand, urged her to make an work as usual at Dunninald . On the
exertion to move it. She began to move 11th of October, she was again found
first the thumb, then the rest of the in the morning, in the same lethargic
fingers in succession , and next her state ; was removed to the house of
toes in like manner . He then opened her father, where she awoke as before,
her eye-lids, and presenting a candle, after the same period of fifty hours
desired her to look at it, and asked, sleep ; and returned to her service,
whether she saw it. She answered, without seeming to have experienced
Yes, " in a low and feeble voice. any inconvenience. Atboth of these
She now proceeded gradually, and in times her menses were obstructed. Dr
a very few minutes, to regain all her Henderson, physician in Dundee , who
faculties ; but was so weakas scarcely happened to be on a visit to his friends
to be able to move. Upon being in- at Dunninald, prescribed some medi
terrogated respecting her extraordina cines suited to that complaint ; and
ry state, she mentioned , that she had she has ever since been in good health,
no knowledge of any thing that had and able to continue in service.*
happened ; that she remembered, in- (Signed ) Jas. BREWSTER ,
deed , having conversed with her Minister of Craig
friends at her former awakening , (Fri
day afternoon , soth of June) but felt I hereby certify the preceding ac
it a great exertion then to speak to count of my daughter Margaret's ill
them ; that she recollected also have ness and recovery to be correct in every
ing heard the voice of Mr Cowie, circumstance, according to the best of
minister of Montrose, ( the person who my recollection.
spoke to her on the forenoon of Tues ( Signed ) John LYAL.
day the 8th of August,) but did not
hear the persons who spoke to her on We hereby attest, That the above
the afternoon of the same day ; that mentioned particulars in the extraor
she had never been conscious of hav . dinary case of Margaret Lyall, are
ing either needed or received food, of either consistent with our personal
having been lifted to make evacua- knowledge, or agreeable to all that we
tions, or of any other circumstance in have heard from the most creditable
her case. She had no idea of her testimony.
having been blistered ; and expressed PETER ARKLEY of Dunninald .
great surprise , upon discovering that A. FERGUSON, Minister, Maryton .
her head was shaved . She continued Wm . Gibson, Physician, Montrose.
in a very feeble state for a few days,
but took her food nearly as usual, and the morning
. OnMargaret September 21,
improved in strength so rapidly, that 1816, Lyall, ofwhose case is des
on the last day of August she began cribed above, was found in an out-house
to work as a reaper in the service of at Dunninald , hanged by her own hands.
Mr Arkley of Dunninald ; and con- No cause could be assigned for this unhap
tinued to perform the regular labour ру act. Her health had been good since
of the harvest for three weeks, with the month of October 1815 ; and she had
out any inconvenience , except being been comfortable in her situation. It was
extremely fatigued the first day. thought by the family , that a day or two
After the conclusion of the harvest, preceding her death,her eyes hadthe ap
pearance of rolling rather wildly ; but she
she went into Mr Arkley's family, as had assisted the day before in serving the
a servant ; and on the 27th day of table, and been in good spirits that evening.
September, was found in the morning On the following morning she was seen to
by her fellow -servants in her former bring in the milk as usual, and was heard
state of profound sleep, from which to say, in passingrather hurriedly through
they were unable to rouse her. She a room , where the other maids were at
was conveyed immediately to her fa- work, that something had gone wrong a
ther'shouse, ( little more than a quar- bout her dairy ;butwas not seen again till
ter of a mile distant), and remained she was found dead about half an hour af
ter. She is known to have had a strong
exactly fifty hours in agentle, but abhorrence of the idea of her former distress
deep sleep,without making any kind recurring ; and tohave occasionally mani.
of evacuation , or taking any kind of fested , especially before her first long sleep,
nourishment. Upon awakening, she the greatest depression of spirits, and even
arose apparently in perfect health, disgust of life.
1817. ) Grant by Macbeth.Writ infavour ofJohnne Faw . 65

ANTIQUARIAN REPERTORY .

GRANT OF THE LANDS OF KYRKENES WRIT OF PRIVY SEAL

To the Culdees of Lochleven, by Mac- In favour of ' Johnne Faw , Lord and
heth son of Finlach, and Gruoch Erle of Litill Egypt ,' granted by
daughter ofBodhe, King and Queen King James the fifth, Feb. 15th
of Scotland. 1540. ( Referred to at page 45.)
[ This ancient document, which we have James be the grace of God, King
extractedfrom the chartulary of St An . of Scottis : To oure Sheriffis of Edina
drews, may be regarded as a curiosity not
onlyas relating tothehistory of the Culdeesburgh principall and within the con
and the far-famed Macbeth , but also on ac- stabularie of Hadingtoun, Berwick ,
count of the savage story of the “ Saxum Roxburgh, & c. & c. provestis, alder
Hiberniensium . ” men , and baillies of our burrowis and
cieteis of Edinburgh, & c. & c. greting :
-Forsamekill as it is humilie menit
Qualiter Machbet filius Finlach et and schewin to Ws, be our louit
Gruoch dederunt Sancto Servano Johnne Faw , Lord and Erle of Litill
Kyrkenes. Egipt, That quhair he obtenit oure
lettres vnder our grete seile, direct to
Machbet filius Finlach contulit pro yow alland sindryoure saidis shereffis,
suffragiis orationum , et Gruochfilia stewartis, baillies, prouestis, aldermen ,
Bodhe, Rex et Regina Scotorum , Kyr- and baillies of burrois ; and to all and
kenes, Deo Omnipotenti et Keledeis sindry vthiris havand autoirite within
prefate insule Lochleune, cum suis our realme, to assist to him in execu
finibus et terminis Hii enim
. tioun
sunt ofjustice vpon his cumpany and
finesettermini de Kyrkenes, etuillu- folkis conforme to thelawis ofEgipt,
le que dicitør Porthmokanne : de loco and in punissingofall them that re
Moneloccodhan usque ad amnem qui bellis aganis him : Neuirtheles, as we
dicitur Leuine ; et hoc in latitudine: ar informyt, Sebastiane Lalow , Egip
Item ,a publicastrata que ducitapud tiane,ane of the said Johnis cumpany ,
Hinhirkethy, usque ad Saxum Hiber- with his complices and part takaris
niensium ; et hoc in longitudine. vndir written ,that is to say , Anteane
Et dicitur Saxum Hiberniensium , Donea , Satona Fingo , Nona Finco,
quia Malcolmus Rex, filius Duncani, Phillip Hatseyggaw , Towla Bailyow,
concessit eis salinagium quod scotice Grasta Neyn , Geleyr Baillyow , Ber
dicitur Chonnane. Et venerunt Hiber- nard Beige, Demeo Matskalla ( or
niensis ad Kyrkenes, ad domum cu . Macskalla ), Notfaw Lawlowr, Martyn
jusdam vire nomine Moclan, quitunc Femine,* rebellis and conspiris aganis
fuit absens, et solummodo mulieres the said Johnne Faw , and hes removit
erant in domo, quas oppresserunt vio- thame alluterly out of his company ,
lenter Hiberniensis; non tamen sine and takin fra him diuerss soumes of
rubore et verecundia : rei etiam even
money, jowellis, claithis, and vtheris
tu ad aures prefati Mochan pervento, gudis, to the quantite of ane grete,
iter quam citius domi festinauit, et soume of money ; and on na wise will
inuenit ibi Hibernienses in eadem do
pass hame with him , howbeit he hes
mo cum matre sua. Exhortatione
biddin and remanit of lang tyme vpoun
etenim matri sue sepius facta ut extra
domum ueniret (quenullatenus uoluit,
sed Hibernienses uoluit protegere, et * The names of the thirteen Egyptians
eis pacem dare) ; quos omnes prefatus referred to atpage 46 , who obtained a remis
uir , in ultione tanti facinoris, ut op- sion for the slaughter of NinianAndro
Smaill,Faw,
in
pressores mulierum et barbaros et sa- 1553-4 , are as follows :
crilegos, in medio flamme ignis, vna capitane of the Egiptianis , George Faw,
cum matre sua , uiriliter combussit; et -Robert Paw, and Anthony Faw , his sonis "
" Johnne Faw , Andro George Nichoah ,
ex hac causa dicitur locus ille Saxum George Sebastiane Colyne, George Colyne,
Hiberniensium .
Julie Colyne , Johnne Colyne, James Haw,
(Ex Registro Prioratus Sancti Andreæ, Johnne Browne, and George Browne, Egip,
ful. 51 , a.) tianis."
VOL. I. I
66 Act of Privy Council . anent some Egyptianis.' [ April
thame, and is bundin and oblist to andhis company , in doing of thair
bring hame with him all thame of his lefull besynes, or otherwayes, within
cumpany that ar on live, and ane tes- our realme, and in their passing, re
timoniale of thame that ar deid ; And manyng , or away -ganging furth of the
als the said Johnne hes the said Se- samyn , under the pane abone written ;
bastianis obligatioun, maid in Dun- And siclike, that ye command and
fermling befor oure Maister Houssald, charge all skipparis, maisteris, and
that he and his cumpany suld remane marinaris, of all schippis within our
with him , and on na wyse depart fra realme, at all portis and havynnis
him , as the samyn beris ; In contrar quhair the said Johnne and his cum
the tenor of the quhilk, the said Se- pany sall happen to resort and cum , to
bastiane, be sinister and wrang infor- ressave himand thame thairin, upoun
matioun,fals relatioun ,and circumven- thair expensis, for furing of thame
tioun ofws, hes purchest our writingis, furth of our realme to the partis be
dischargeing him, and the remanent of yon sey ; as yow, and ilk ane of thame
the personis, abone written, his com- siclike, will ansuer to ws thairupoun,
plicis and part takeris of the said and under the pane forsaid. Sub
Johnis cumpany, and with his gudis scruit with oure hand, and under oure
takin be thame fra him, causis certane privie seile, at Falkland , the fivetene
our liegis assist to thame and thair day of Februar, and of oure regne the
opinionis, and to fortify and tak thair xxviii yeir. Subscript. per Regem .
part aganis the said Johnne, thair lord (Ex Registro Secreti Sigilli, vol. xiv .
and maister ; Sua that he on na wyse fol. 59.)
can apprehend nor get thame, to haue
thame hame aganewithin thair awin ACT OF PRIVY COUNCIL
cuntre, eftir thetenour ofhis said band,
to his hevy dampnage and skaith, and • Anent some Egyptianis.'
in grete perrell of tynsell of his here ( Referred to at page 48. )
tage, and expres aganis justice : OURE
willis heirfor,andwecharge yow strait Apud Ed !. 10 Novembris 1636 .
lie, and commandis, that incontynent, FORSAMEIKLE as Sir Arthure Doug
thir our lettres sene, ye, and ilkane of las of Quhittinghame haveing latelie
yow , within the boundis of your offi- tane and apprehendit some of the va
ces, command and charge all our liegis, gabound and counterfut thieves and
that nane of thametak upon hand to limmars, callit the Egyptians, he pre
resett, assist, fortify, supplie, man sentit and deliverit thame to the Shi
teine, defend, or tak partwith the said reft principall of the shirefdome of
Sebastiane and his complices abone Edinburgh, within the constabularie
written , for na buddis, nor uthir way, of Hadinton, quhair they have remain
aganis the said Johnné Faw , thair lord ed thismonth or thereby ; And quhair
and maister ; Bot that thai,and ye, in as thekeeping of thame longer, within
likewyse, tak and lay handis upoun the said tolbuith , is troublesome, and
thame quhaireuir thay may be appre- burdenable to the toune of Hadinton,
hendit, and bring thaim to him , to be and fosters the saids theives in ane opi
punist for thair demeritis, conforme to nion of impunitie, tothe incourageing
his lawis ; and help and fortify him to of the rest of that infamous byke of
puniss and do justice upoun thame for lawles limmars to continow in thair
thair trespasses ; and to that effect theivish trade ; Thairfore the Lords of
len to him youre presonis stokis, fet. Secret Counsell ordans the Sheriff of
teris, and all uther things necessar Hadinton , or his deputs, to pronunce
thereto, as ye and ilk ane of yow, and doome and sentence of death aganis so
all utheris owre liegis, will ansuer to manie of thir counterfoot theives as
ws thairupon, andunder all hieast are men, and aganis so manie of the
pane and charge that efter may follow ; weomen as wants children ; Ordaning
Sua that the said Johnne haue na caus the men to be hangit,and the weomen
of complaynt heirupoun in tyme cum- to be drowned ; and that suche of the
ing, nor to resort agane to us to that weomen as hes children to be scourgit
effect, notwithstanding ony our writ- throw the burgh of Hadinton , and
ingis, sinisterly purchest, or to be brunt in the cheeke ; and ordans and
purchest, be the said Sebastiane in the commands the provest and baillies of
contrar ; And als charge all our liegis, Hadinton to caus this doome be execute
that nane ofthaim molest, vex, in- vpon the saids persons accordinglie.
quiet, or trouble the said Johnne Faw (E Registro Secreti Concilii. )
1817.] The Wife of Auchtermuchtie. 67
THE WYFE OF AUCHTERMUCHTIE . And priend als meikle in bir lap
Micht serve thrie honest men at nune.
[ This poem (as Lord Hailes remarks) 6
is a favourite among the Scots.” It af- Says Jok, will thou be maister of wark ,
fords a very good specimen of the native And thou sall haud,and Isallkall;
and rustic humour with which our grave l’sepromise thé ane gude new sark ,
forefathers loved to relax the usual austerity Outhirofround claithorofsmall.
oftheir deportment. It has been well pre- Scholowsit the oxin aughtor nine,
served both by writing and tradition. In And hynt ane gad -staff in hir hand :
Fife and someother parts of the country, it Vpthe gudeman raiseaftir syne,
isstill current as a popular ballad ; and it And sawthewyf haddone command.
has been twice edited from the Bannatyne 7
MS., first by Allan Ramsay in his ever He cawd the gaizlines furth to feid ,
green,and afterwardsbyLordHailes. The Thairwesbot sevensum ofthem all;
former published it,according to his usual And by thair cumis the greedie gled ,
practice,withadditionsandalterationsof
his own ; the latter adhered correctly to his
And Cleiket vpfyve, left him bottwa :
Than out he ran in all his mane,
original. The present edition is taken from Sune as he hard the gaizles cry ;
thesame Ms. but collated with another, Botthan; or he cameinagaine,
and apparently, an older copy, in the Ad The calfes brak luse and soukit the ky.
vocates' Library , from which several altera . 8
tions, and the whole of the 11th stanza, The calfes and ky met in the lone,
have been supplied.] The man ran with ane rungto red ;
Than thair comes ane ill -willie kow
1 And brodit his buttok quhill that it bled ,
IN Auchtermuchtie thair wond ane man, Than up he tuik ane rok of tow ,
A rach husband , as I hard tauld , And he satt down to sey the spinning ;
Quha weill could tippill out a can , I trow he loutit owre neir thelowe ;
And naither luvit hungir nor cauld : Quo he, this wark hes an ill beginning .
Quhill ance it fell upon a day, 9
He yokkit his pleuch vpon the plaine; Then to the kirn he next did stoure ,
Gif it be true, as I heard say, And jumlit at it quhill he swat :
The day was foull for wind and raine. Quhen he had rumblit a full lang hour,
2 The sorrow scrap of butter he gatt.
He lousit the pleuch at the landis end , Albeit na butter he could gett,
And draife his oxin hame at evin ; Yet he wes cummerit with the kirne ;
Quhen he cam in he lukit ben, And syne he het the milk owre het,
And saw the wif baith dry and clene And sorrow a drap of it wald yirne.
10
Sittand at ane fyre beik and bauld ,
With ane fat sowp, as I hard say : Then ben thair camane greidie sow ,
The man being verry weit and cauld, I trow he kund hir littil thank ,
Betwein thay twa it was na play. For in scho schot hir ill-fard mow,
3
And ay scho winkit and ay scho drank .
He cleikit vp ane crukit club,
Quoth he, Quhair is my horsis corne ? And thocht to hit her on the snout ;
My ox hes naithir hay nor stray ; The twa gaizlines the glaidis had left,
Dame, ye maun to the pleuch the morn , That straik dang baiththeir harnis out.
I sall be hussy, gif I may . 11
Gudeman , quoth scho, content am I He set his foot vpon the spyre,
To take the pleuchmy day about, To have gotten the fleshedoun to the pat,
Sa ye will rewll baith calvis and ky, Bot he fell backward into the fyre,
And all the house baith in and out.
And clourd his croun on the keming stock .
4
He hang the meikle pat on the cruik ,
But sen that ye will hussyskep ken , And with twa cannsran to the spout,
First ye maun sift and syne maun kned ; Or he wan back againe (alaik )
And ay as ye gang but and ben , The fyre burnt all the boddom out.
.
Luk that the bairnis fyle not the bed ; 12
And ay as ye gang furth and in , Than he laid kindling to the kill,
Keip weill the gaizlines fra the gled ; Bot scho start all vp in ane low;
And lay ane saft wysp to the kill ; Quhat evir he heard , quhat evir he saw ,
We haif ane deir ferme on our heid . That day he had na will to wow.
5 Than he gaid to take vp the bairnis,
The wyfe shco sat vp late atevin , Thocht to have fund thame fair and clene ;
(I pray God gif hir evill to fare), The first that he gat in his armis
Scho kirnd the kirne, and skumd it clene, Was all bedirtin to the eyne.
13
And left the gudeman but the bledoch baire :
Than in the niorning vp scho gat, The first that he gat in his armis,
And on hir hairt laid hir disjune. It was all dirt up to the eyne ;
68 Account of the Highland Host. [ April
The de'il cut aff thair hands, quo he, we less surprised to finde them so
That filld yow all sa fouyestrein. peaceable and submissive. At Stirling
He traillit the foull sheetis down the gait, and about it, our Highlanders were
Thochtto haif wascht thame on ane stane ; somewhat disorderly intheir quarters,
The burne was risin grit of spait, particularly by raising fire in two or
Away fra him the sheetis hes tane.
14 three places. Vpon our way hither
Than up he gat on ane know head , such of them as went with us took
On the gudewyfe to cry and schout ; their free quarters liberally ; and the
Scho hard him as she hard him nocht, rest who took another way to Kilpa
But stoutlie steird the stottis about. trick , have been yet ruderin killing
Scho draif the day unto the nicht, sheep and other cattel, and also in robe
Scho lowsitthepleuch and synecamhame; ing anyloose thing theyfoundin their
Scho fand all wrang that sould bene richt, way. We are now all quartered in
I trow the man thocht richt grit schame. and about this town, the Highlanders
15
only in free quarters. It would be
Quoth he, My office I forsaik , truely a pleasant sight, were it at an
For all the dayis of my lyfe ;
For I wald put anehouse to wraik ordinaryweaponshaw ,to seethis High
Gin I war twentie dayis gudewyfe, land crew , You know the fashion of
Quoth scho, Weill mot ye bruke yourplace, their wild apparel, not one of ten of
For trewlie I sall neir accept it ; them had breaches, yet hose and shoes
Quoth he, Feind fall tha lyaris face, are theirgreatest need and most clever
Bot yit ye may be blyth to gett it. prey, andthey spare not totake them
16 every where: In so much that the
Than up scho gat ane meille rung, committee here, and the councel with
And the gudeman maid to the doir; you (as it is said ) have ordered some
Quoth he, Deme, I sall hald my tung, thousands of pairs of shoes to be made
For an we fecht I'll gett the waur.
Quoth he, quhan I forsuikmy pleuch , to stanch this great spoil. As for their
I trow I bot forsuik my seill, armes and other militaire accoutre
Sa I will to my pleuch agane, ments, it is not possible for me to de.
For this house and I will nevir do weill. scribe them in writing ; here you may
seehead pieces and steel-bonnets rais
ACCOUNT OF THE HIGHLAND HOST. ed like pyramides, and such as a man
[ In the beginningofthe year1678, (about would
chamberaffirme,
boxes they had and
; targets only shields
found inof
eighteen months before the breaking out of
the memorable insurrection which led to the most odde and anticque forme, and
the battles of Drumclog and Bothwell. pouder hornes hung in strings, gar.
Bridge), ten thousand Highlanders were nished with beaten nails and platesof
broughtdown from their mountains and burnished brass. And truely I doubt
quartered upon the Western Counties, for not but a man , curious inour antiqui.
the purposeofsuppressing thefieldmeet- ties, might in this host finde explica
ings and conventicles of the presbyterians. tions of the strange pieces of armour
ThisHighland Host, as it was called, af- mentioned in our old lawes, such as
ter committing many disorders, and, eat .
ing up the disaffected , was ordered home bosnet, iron - hat, gorget, pesane ,wam
againby the government - theundisciplin. brassersand reerbrassers, panns, leg
ed Gael beingfound too ignorant and rapac splents, and thelike, above whatany
cious to observe on all occasions the proper occasion in the lowlands would have
distinction between the loyal and lovable' afforded for several hundreds of yeers.
supporters of prelacy, and the contumacious Among their ensigns also, beside
and uncourtly covenanters. The following other singularities, the Glencow men
account is extracted from the Woodrow were very remarkable, who had for
MSS. in the Advocates' Library: Itap- their ensigne a faire bushof heath ,
pearstohavebeenwritten by an eye-witness, wel spred
but and displayed on the headof
has nosignature.
a staff, such as might have affrighted a
Roman eagle. But, sir, the pleasant
“ A Copie of a Letter from the Host ness of this shew is indeed sadly mix
about Glasgow .
ed and marred ; for this unhallowed,
We arrived here about 8 or 9 dayes and many of them unchristened, rab
agoe : At our first coming we observe ble, beside their free quarters, wherein
ed that the countrey had been much they kill and destroy bestial at their
terrified with the report of it, and pleasure , without regaird to the com
therefore had carried and conveyed mands of some of their discreeter offi
away much of their goods ; nor were cers, rob all that comes to hand, whis
1817.) Account ofthe Highland Host. 69

ther in houses or in the highwayes ; so said to be but whips, wherewith this

that no man maye passe saifly from country is scourged , in respect of the
house to house ; and their insolencie in scorpions intended for Ayrshire ; and
the houses where they are quartered some of the committee being spoke to
fills poor women and children with aboutthe abuse of free quarters, said ,
terror, and both men and women with that the quarters now taken were but
great vexation. They make also ex- transient quarters, but after the returns
cursions in tens andtwelves upon other made about the Band, there would be
places, and specially under cloud of destructive quarters ordered against its
night, and break into houses with refuisers. Yet I would not have you
bendedpistolsand naked swords,curs- think that all those Highlanders be
ing andswearing that they shall burne have after thesame manner. No, there
and kill if all be not readily given that is a difference both among the men
they demand. I hear not yet of any and leaders. And the M. of Athol's
killed by them , butseverals are grieve menare generallycommended both as
ously wounded and beaten ; and in the best appointed and best behaved.
effect, the poor people's lives, goods, Neither do I hear of anygreat hurt
and chastities, are exposed to the cruel- as yet done by the E. of Murray's
ty of these strange locusts. Many of men in Cathcart parish : but all of
the countrey people have left and aban- them take free quarters, and that at
doned their houses and all to their their own discretion . The standing
mercy. The other dayI heard , that, forces have hitherto carried pretty re
at the burying of a child, the burial gularly, and appear veryready on all
company was assaulted by some of these occasions to restraine and correct the
ruffians ; and, after a great scuffle , Highlanders' insolencies, of which I
the mortcloth was robbed off the cof- could give you several instances ; but
fine, and that notwithstanding all that when these men, who were lately this
their officers could do to hinder or re , people's onlypersecutors, arenow com
cover it. They tell me also, that some mended by them for sobrietie, and in
ofthese savages, not knowing what the effect are looked on by many of them
coffine meaned, as being a thing with as their guardians andprotectors, you
them not usual, would have broken it may easily judge what is the others'
open and searched it, if not restrained deportm Feb. 1, 1678.
by their neighbours . In some places (Woodrow MSS. 4to. vol. xcix . 29.)
they beginne to exact money over and
above their victuals, and also to make EXTRACT
the people pay for dry quarters ( that
is,for men that they have not),andfor From “ A Mock Poem upon the Expe
assistant quarters (that is, where they dition of the Highland Host ; by COL.
CLELAND . Edit. 1697.
contract and make the places they leave NE

free pay in money, and yet the places when this was done theirranks werebroken ;
that they lye upon do really maintain Some ran for dring their droughtto slocken :
all.) I am furder told , that evil com- Some were chasing hens and cocks,
pany is like to corrupt good manners ; Some were loosing horse from yocks ;
and that even many of the militia Some with snapwarks, somewith bowes,
forces and Perthshire gentlemen be- Were charging reers of toops and ewes ;
ginne to take free quarters. But it is Their stomacksso on edge wereset,
like that a little more time with our That all was fish came in the nett ;
march westward will furnishmuch Trumpets sounded, skeens were glanceing,
Some were Tonald Cowper danceing :
more matter of this kind ; for the Some cryed , here to herLaird and Lady,
marches are indeed the sorest and most Some to her mother and her daddie,
afflicting to the poor people, seeing AndSir King too - if the Laird please
that partly for the service, partly un- Then up with plaids
der pretence thereof, horses are forced, Some were stealing, some were riveing,
and many of them not restored ; as Some were wives and lasses grieving :
likewise thereis little order kept inthe Some for cold did chack and chatter ;
march , but they run out and spread Some from plaids werewringing water :
themselves over the countreyandcatch Yeato be short,moe different postures, !

allthat they canlay hold upon ;for in Than'ssewed on hangings,beds,andbol.

stures :
these occasions, whatever thing they Moe various actings modes and stances,
can get is clear prey , without any fear Than's read in Poems or Romances,
of recovery . And yet all these are
70 Original Poetry.
ORIGINAL POETRY .
THE DESOLATE VILLAGE .
A Reverie .
SWEET Village ! on thy pastoral hill
Arrayed in sunlight sad and still,
As if beneath the harvest -moon ,
Thy noiseless homes weresleeping !
It is the merry month of June,
And creatures all of air and earth
Should now their holiday of mirth
With dance and song be keeping.
But, loveliest Village ! silent Thou,
Ascloud wreathed o'er the Moming's brow , Andall
When light is faintly breaking,
And Midnight's voice afar islost,
Like thewailing of a wearied ghost,
The shades of earth forsaking.
' Tis not the Day to Scotia dear,
A summer Sabbath mild and clear !
Yet from her solemn burial- ground
The small Kirk - Steeple looks around ,
Enshrouded in a calm
Profound as fills the house of prayer ,
E'er from the band of virgins fair
Is breathed the choral psalm .
A sightso steeped in perfect rest
Is slumbering not on nature's breast
In the smiles of earthly day !
" Tis a picture floating down the sky,
By fancy framed in years gone by,
And mellowing in decay !
That thought is gone ! -- the Village still
With deepening quiet crowns the hill,
Its low green roofs are there !
In softmaterial beauty beaming,
As in the silent hour of dreaming
They hung embowered in air !
Is this the Day when to the mountains
The happy shepherds go ,
And bathe in sparkling pools and fountains Like small waves racing on the shore,
Their flocks made white as snow ?
Hath gentle girl and gamesome boy,
With meek - eyed mirth or shouting joy ,
Gone tripping up the brae ?
Till far behind their town doth stand ,
Like an image in sweet Fairy Land ,
When the Elves have flown away !
- sure if aught of human breath
Within these walls remain ,
Thus deepening in the hush of death ,
' Tis but some melancholy crone ,
Who sits with solemn eyes
Beside the cradle all alone,
And lulls the infant with a strain
Of Scotia's ancient melodies.
What if these homes be filled with life ?
" Tis the sultry month of June,
And when the cloudless sun rides high
Above the glittering air of noon ,
[ April
All nature sinks opprest,
And labour shuts his weary eye
In the mid - day hour of rest.
Yet let the soul think what it will,
Most dirge -like mourns that moorland rill !
How different once its flow !
When with a dreamy motion gliding
Mid its green fields in love abiding ,
Or leaping o'er the mossy linn,
And sporting with its own wild din ,
Seemed water changed to snow .
Beauty liesspread before my sight,
But grief-like
shadows dim its light,
the scene appears
Like a church -yardwhen a friend is dying ,
In more than earthly stillness lying,
And glimmering through our tears !
Sweet Woodburn ! like a cloud that name
Comes floating o'er my soul !
Although thy beauty still survive,
One look hath changed the whole.
The gayest village of the gay
Beside thy own sweet river ,
Wert Thou on Week or Sabbath day !
So bathed in the blue light of joy,
As if no trouble could destroy
Peace doomed to last for ever.
Now in the shadow of thy trees,
On a green plat, sacred to thy breeze,
The fell Plague-Spirit grimly lies
And broods, as indespite
Of uncomplaining lifelessness,
On the troops of silent shades that press
Into the church -yard's cold recess ,
From that region of delight.
Last summer, from the school-house door,
When the glad play-bell was ringing ,
What shoals of bright-haired elves would
pour,
In dance of rapture singing !
Oft by yon little silver well,
Now sleeping in neglected cell,
The village-maid would stand,
While resting on the mossy bank,
With freshened soul the traveller drank
The cold cup from her hand ;
Haply somesoldier from the war,
Who would remember long and far
That Lily of the Land .
And still the green is bright with flowers,
And dancing through the sunny hours,
Like blossoms from enchanted bowers
On a sudden wafted by,
Obedient to the changeful air,
And proudly feeling they are fair,
Glide bird and butterfly.
But where is the tiny hunter-rout
That revelled on with dance and shout
Against their airy prey ?
1817.) Original Poetry.
Alas ! the fearless linnet sings,
And the bright insect folds its wings
Upon the dewyflower that springs
Above these children's clay .
And if to yon deserted well
Some solitary maid ,
As she was wont at eve, should go
There silent as her shade
She stands a while then sad and slow
Walks home, afraid to think
Of many a loudly-laughing ring
That dipped their pitchers in that spring,
And lingered round its brink .
On-- on - through woful images
My spirit holds her way !
Death in each drooping flower she sees :
And oft the momentary breeze
Is singing of decay.
-So high upon the slender bough
Why hangs the crow her nest ?
All undisturbed her young have lain
This spring-time in their nest ;
Nor as they flew on tender wing
E'er feard the cross-bow or the sling.
Tame asthe purpling turtle dove,
That walks serene in human love,
The magpie hops from door to door ;
And the hare , not fearing to be seen ,
Doth gambolon the village green
As onthelonely moor.
The few sheep wandering by the brook
Have all a dim neglected look ,
Oft bleating in their dumb distress
On her their sweet dead shepherdess.
The horses pasturing through the range
Of gateless fields, all common now ,
Free from the yoke enjoy the change,
To them a long long Sabbath - sleep !
Then gathering in one thunderous band ,
Across the wild they sweep ,
Tossing the long hair from their eyes.com
Till far the living whirlwind flies
As o'er the desart sand.
From human let their course is free
No lonely angler down the lea
Invites the zephyr's breath
And the beggar far away doth roam ,
Preferring inhis hovel-home
His penury to death .
On that green hedge a scattered row
Now weather -stained.once white as snow-
Of garments that have long been spread ,
And now belong unto the dead ,
Shroud - like proclaim to every eye,
“ This is no place for Charity !"
O blest are ye ! unthinking creatures !
Rejoicing in your lowly natures
Ye dance round human tombs !
Where gladlier sings the mountain lark
Than o'er the church -yard dim and dark !
Or where, than on the churchyard wall,
From the wild rose -tree brighter fall
Her transitory blooms !
What is it to that lovely sky
If all her worshippers should die !
As happily her splendours play
On the grave where human forms decay,
71
Aso'er the dewy turf of Morn ,
Where the virgin , like a woodland Fa
On wings of joy was borne.
-Evennow a soft and silvery haze
Hill - VillageTree is steeping
In the loveliness of happier days,
Ere rose the voice of weeping !
When incense - fires from every hearth
To heaven stole beautiful from earth .
Sweet Spire! that crown'st the house of God !
To thee my spirit turns,
While through a cloud the softened light
On thy yellow dial burns.
Ah, me! my bosom inly bleeds
To see the deep -worn path that leads
Unto that open gate !
In silent blackness it doth tell
How oft thy little sullen bell
Hath o'er the village toll'd its knell,
In beauty desolate .
Oft, wandering by myself at night,
Such spire hathrisen in softened light
Beforemy gladdened eyes ,
And as 'I looked around to see
The village sleeping quietly
Beneath the quiet skies ,
Methought that mid her stars so bright,
The moon in placid mirth ,
Was not in heaven a holier sight
Than God's house on the earth .
Sweet image ! transient in my soul !
That very bell hath ceased to toll
When the grave receives its dead
And the last time it slowly swung ,
' Twas by a dying stripling rung
O'er the sexton's
hoary head !
All silent now from cot or hall
Comes forth the sable funeral !
The Pastor is not there !
For yon sweet Manse now empty stands,'
Nor in its walls will holier hands
Be e'erheld up in prayer .
N.
ITALY .
EARTH's loveliest land I behold in my
dreams,
All gay in the summer , and drest in sun
beams
In the radiance which breaks on the purified
sense
Of the thin -bodied ghosts that are fitting
from hence.
The blue distant Alps, and the blue distant
main ,
Bound the far varied harvests of Lombardy's
plain :
The rivers are winding in blue gleaming
lines
Round the Ruins of Old - round the Hillof
the Vines
Round the grove of the orange the green
myrtle bower
By Castle and Conventorby Town and by
Tower.
 72 Original Poetry. [ April
Through the bright summer azure the north And equally sweet is her lip of the roses,
breezes blow , When it opens in smiles, or in silence re
That are cooled in their flight over regions poses.
of snow ,
Or westerly gales, on whose wandering wings O sooner the bird shall escape from the snare
The waveof the ocean its silver dew flings. Of the fowler, than man from her thraldom
Bright, bright is the prospect, and teeming beware !
the soil If you meet but one glance of her magical
With the blessings of promise with corn , eye,
wine, and oil, From your bosom for ever must liberty fly !
Where the cypress, and myrtle, and orange Let there breathe but one thrilling and sil.
combine, very tone
And around the dark olive gay wantons the From the syren -- your heart is no longer
vine. your own .
Woods leafy and rustling o'ershadow the
scene ,
With their forest of branches and changes
of green ; VERSES
And glossy their greenness where sunshine
is glistening, Recited by the Author, in a Party of his
And mellow their music where Silence is Countrymen , on the Day that the News
listening, arrived of our final Victory over the
And the streamlets glide through them with French .
glassier hue ,
And the skysparkles o'er them with heaven- Now, Britain , let thy cliffs o ’ snaw
lier blue. Look prouder o'er the merled main !
How deep and how rich is the blush of the The bastard Eagle bears awa,
rose , And ne'er shall ee thy shores again .
That spreading and wild o'er the wilderness
grows ! Bang up thy banners red an ' riven !
What waftures of incense are filling the The day's thy ain -- the prize is won !
air ! Weel may thy lions brow the heaven ,
For the bloom of a summer unbounded is An' turn their gray beards to the sun .
there.
Lang hae I bragged o' thine and thee,
The soft and voluptuous Spirit of Love Even when thy back was at the wa' ;
Rules in earth and in ether, below and a . An' thou my proudest sang sall be,
bove, As lang as i hae breath to draw .
In the blue of the sky, in the glow of the
beam , Gae hang the coofs wha boded wae,
In the sigh of the wind , and the flow of the An' cauldness o'er thy efforts threw ,
stream ! Lauding the fellest, sternest fae,
At his presence the rose takes a ruddier Frae hell's black porch that ever flew .
bloom ,
And the vine-bud exhales a more wanton O he might conquer idiot kings,
perfume ; These bars in nature's onward plan ;
E'en the hoarse surging billows have sof. But fool is he the yoke that flings
tened their roar , O'er the unshackled soul of man .
And break with a musical fall on the shore.
' Tis like a cobweb o'er the breast,
But less in this Eden has young Love his That binds the giant while asleep,
dwelling, Or curtain hung upon the east,
Than in that virgin's bosom , wild throbbing The day-light from the world to keep !
and swelling ,
That bounds 'gainst her zone, and will not Come, jaw your glasses to the brim !
be represt , Gar in the air your bonnets flee !
Whilst full of the god that possesses her “ Ourgude auld king !” I'll drink to him ,
breast. As lang as I hae drink to pree.
Love has kindled her cheek with his deep
crimson dye , This to the arms that well upbore
And lit with his radiance her eloquent eye, The Rose and Shamrock blooming still
Ever restless and changing, and darkening, An' here's the burly plant of yore,
and brightening, “ The Thristle o ' the Norlan ' hill ! ”
Now melting in dew ,and now flashing in
lightning. Auld Scotland ! land o' hearts the wale !
0, black is her eye, -- black intensely ; and Hard thou hast fought, and bravely won :
black Lang may thy lions paw the gale,
Are the ringlets luxuriant that float down And turn their dewlaps to the sun !
her back ; H.
1
1917. ] Review . Dr Chalmers's Discourses .

REVIEW OF NEW PUBLICATIONS.

A Series of Discourses on the Christiun magnificent and beautiful initself, is

Revelation, viewed in Connexion in danger of being considered as fitted
with the Modern Astronomy. By only to be thecreed of less enlightened
THOMAS CHALMERS, D. Ď. 8vo. minds, and of failing in some measure,
pp. 275. Third edition . Glasgow , from this unfortunate opinion, to
Smith & Son ; Edinburgh, William produce those important effects upon
Whyte ; 1817. mankind, for the accomplishment of
which it is so pre-eminently adapted.
ONE of the worst features of the The volume before us is calculat.
present times is the separation that ed, we think , in no common degree,
has taken place between science and to counteract this unhappy deelen
religion. During the early part of the sion. It is written with an enthu
history of English literature, we find siasm , and an eloquence, to which
great talents combined with a sublime we scarcely know where to find any
piety, and the most enlightened phi- parallel ; and there is, at the same
Iosophy with a fervent and glowing time, so constant a reference to the
devotion ; and they who explained to improved philosophy of modern times,
us the system of nature, defended the that it possesses an air of philo
cause, and venerated the authority, of sophical grandeur and truth , which
revelation . The piety of Milton, of the productions of a more popular and
Boyle, and of Newton, was not less declamatory eloquence can never at
remarkable than the superiority of tain . Were the taste of the author
their other endowments; and it will equal to his genius, and his judgment
ever be regarded as a striking circum- always sufficient to control the fervours
stance, that those giant minds, who of his imagination, the labours of Dr
have exalted the glory of English li- Chalmers could not fail to be infinitely
terature above that of all other na- beneficial. But here lies our author's
tions, and whom we are accustomed chief deficiency. His genius is of
to consider as an honour to the species the kind that is marked by its pecu
itself, were distinguished above all liarities as much as by its superiority ;
other men for their habitual and so- and this circumstance, we think, is the
lemn veneration of religion . more to be regretted , as there is mani
Since the age of these distinguished festly no necessary connexion between
writers the connexion between sci- the excellencies and defects by which
ence and religion seems gradually to his works are characterised . The
have been becoming less intimate. natural relations of the intellectual
We are unwilling toarrange ourselves powers mighthave been more correctly
with those gloomy individuals who maintained in his mind, while all his
are found in every age to declaim a- faculties continued to be exerted with
gainst the peculiar depravity of their the same constancy and vigour ,
own times ; but it is impossible not to and the same originality and inven
see, that the profound reverence for tion might have been combined with
sacred things, which distinguished the greater dignity, and more uniformele
illustrious characters of a former age,gance. Wehave thereforebut a short
is not now the characteristic of those process to institute, in order to admit
by whom science is promoted, and our readers into a knowledge of the
knowledge extended. An enlarged character of our author's mind. In
acquaintance with the works of nature our intercourse with the world, we oft
is no longer the assured token of that en meet with persons in whom what
deep -toned and solemn picty , which we call genius predominates overevery
elevated thecharacter, and purified the feature ; and who, though not
manners, of the fathers of our philo- superior to their fellows in taste , judg
sophy. Science is now seen without ment, or understanding, are yet infin
religion, and religion without science; itely superior to them in the capacity
and the consequence is, that the sa- of forming striking combinations of
cred system of revelation, however ideas, or in theendowments of an exeur
VOL . I. K
 Review.Dr Chalmers's Discourses. [April
sive or elevated imagination . This is Lord High Commissioner and for the
precisely the case with the author whose sons of the clergy, made known his
works we are considering. Genius in merits to most of the eminent men in
himshines paramount to every other this part ofthe kingdom , and will be
quality of his mind. In every page longremembered in this quarter as the
of the volume, which has suggested most brilliant display of eloquence and
these observations, there is something of genius which we have ever had the
bold, original, and striking ; and yet good fortune to witness.
there is every now and then some pe- Such is our author's brief and simple
culiarity of expression that offends a story, previous to the publication of
cultivated taste, or some wildness of the present volume. We must not
sentiment that excites astonishment induce our readers, however, to be
and wonder rather than sympathy: lieve that the public were as yet all a
The author of these discourses is so greed in their opinion of Dr Chalmers'
well known to our readers in this part merits. His former publications had
of the island, that it would be quite been distinguished rather by a fertility 1

superfluous on their account to say of imagination than by a deliberate and

any thing of his private history, but cool judgment. He had been accus
for the sake of our readers in thesouth, tomed, it was said, to take up an opi
we suspect it may be necessary to tell, nion as it were by accident, and to de
in a single sentence, who Dr Chalmers fend it with enthusiastic ingenuity and 1

is, and how he has attained that un- energy , though at the same timehe was 1

common celebrity he now enjoys a- overlooking something so obvious and

mong us. palpable, that the most simple novice
Tiil within these few years, Dr might detect the fallacy of his argu ,
Chalmers was scarcely known beyond ment. He had written onthe national
the circle of his personal friends. He resources, and had attributed every
obtained, at an early period, a living thing to agriculture, demonstrating 4

in an obscure part of the country ; and our perfect independence of the luxus
being naturally of an inquisitive and ries of trade and commerce . He had
active disposition , he devoted himself, published a treatise on the Evidences
in the leisure of his professional en- of Christianity, and had denied that the
internal
gagements, to an ardent prosecution of tance evidence was of any impor
scientific knowledge. Accident, ac . Some detached sermons which
cording to report, led him, some few he had given to the public had been
years ago, to examine with more than deformed by an austerity at which the
ordinary attention the foundations of polite world revolted ; and it was
the Christian faith ; and as the result thought that the new work which was
of his investigations was a deep im- announced would be found obnoxious
pression of the strength of the evidence to the same censures. With respect
by which it is supported, he now to this work , now that it has been
brought to the illustration and defence published , we conceive that there
of religion a double portion of the en- can be but one opinion — that it is
thusiasm he had already devoted to a piece of splendid and powerful
science. Hitherto he had been at- eloquence, injured indeed by many
tached to that party in our church peculiarities of expression, by provin
which aspires to the title of moderate cial idioms and colloquial barbarisms,
or liberal - he now connected himself but, at the same time, more free from
with those who wish to be thought more the author's peculiar blemishes than
strict and apostolic. His reputation as a any of his former productions, and
preacher, as might have been expected forming, notwithstanding its many
from the warmth and fervour of his faults, a work likely to excite almost
eloquence, began now rapidly to extend universal admiration. That it would
itself; and the whole country was soon be improved, we think, every one will
filled with the fame of his eloquence likewise allow , were there less same
and his merits. The reputation he had ness of sentiment and of expression
thus acquired was not diminished but were there fewer words of the author's
enhanced, by his occasional appear owninvention-were the purity of the
ances in the congregations of this me- English language, in short, as much
tropolis. His speeches last year in the attended to as its power and energy.
General Assembly of the Scottish If the author would only cultivate his
Church , and his sermons before the taste as much as his imagination, he
1817.] Review . Dr Chalmers's Discourses . 75

might do more forthe cause he has at strongest manner, to the perusal of our
heart,the cause of Christianity, than readers. To Dr Chalmerswe would
any other person with whom we are, product
earnestlyions,
recommend, in his future
to avoid that eccentric
acquainted .
The principal object of the dis- phraseology, and that occasional un
courses in the present volume is to couthness and vulgarity of expression,
prepare the mind for the direct evin which cannot but counteract, in a very
dence ofChristianity — to do away that considerable degree, the effect ofhis
presumption which is supposed to existenthusiastic and touching eloquence.
a priori against this astonishing dise His objectis astyle “ adapted to the
pensation to shew the infidel that taste and literature of the times ;" and
there are things in nature hardly less the commondefence of popular theo
wonderful than the redemption of man logians, that they write to impress the
--and that, amazing as is the scheme heart and the understanding, and not
of revelation , it is yet in perfect ana- to sooth or gratify a fastidious taste,
logy with the known attributes ofGod . will not avail DrChalmers, who writes
Men of science, who see the opera- expressly for the literary world, and
tions of nature conducted according to who must be sensible that it cannot
uniform laws, and without the visible benefit his cause to appear before them
interference of an external agent, are with those very blemishes which are
apt to take up a prepossession against most revolting to their peculiar habits
any system of miracles ; and when and associations.
philosophy unfolds thevolumeofcre- Upon the whole, we are convinced
ation, andthe understanding expatiates thatthe effect of these discoursesmust
delighted on the laws and motions. be great and salutary. They will tend
of planetary worlds, it is natural for to shew the worshippers ofreason and
us to imagine that science has out- of science, that Christianity is in reality
stript the discoveries of religion , and something transcendentlysublime, in
that the records of the gospel are teresting, and valuable ; and to con
thrown into theshade bythe triumphs vince the world in general that a warm
of reason . “ These are the prejudices and habitual piety is really one of the
which lie at the foundation of natural characteristics ofsuperior minds, while
science ;” and our author has exposed scepticism arises from an incapacity of
them with an ability and a success profound emotion or grand conception .
scarcely inferior to that of Butler him- if the world were once convinced of
self, and in a manner certainly “ bet- this, the associations of the young and
ter adapted to the taste and literature thegay would no longer interest them
of the times.” He shews, that the in favour of infidelity. Religion would
faith of Christians is in reality some- become again universally loved, hon
thing noble and sublime; and that, oured, and practised ; and the English
“ elevated as the wisdom of him may character, instead of being gradually
be, who has ascended the heights of degraded to the diminutive model
science, and poured the light of de- which is held out by the most flippant
monstration over the most wondrous and unprincipled of our neighbours,
of nature's mysteries — that even out would probably revert with unexpected
of his own principles it may be proved, celerity to its ancient style of grandeur
how much more elevated is the wisdom and simplicity . It is only necessary
of him who sits with the docility of a that genius, which has been so long en
little child to his Bible, and casts down listed, throughout all Europe, on the
to its authority all his lofty imagina- side of infidelity, should again rouse
tions." itself in the cause of religion, to accom
The limits of a publication of this plish so desirable a revolution in the
kind prevent us from entering into a opinions and character of men . If a
minute examination of the work before few great and original minds, like that
us ; and as we are sensible that we of Dr Chalmers, should arise to advo
could do no justice to an analysis of cate the cause of Christianity, it would
these discourses, without allotting to no longer be the fashion to exalt the
it a greater space than is consistent triumphs of reason and of science , in
with the plan of our publication , we order to throw contempt on the dis
shall conclude these general hints by coveries of the gospel .
recommending the volume, in the
16 Review ,- Harold the Dauntless. [ April
Harold the Dauntless ; à Poem . By demi- tints, possessing much of the
the Author of “ The Bridal of Trier lustre, freshness, and spirit of Rem .
main ." 1817 , Constable & Co. pp. brandt. The airs of his heads have
200. grace, and his distances something of
This is an elegant, sprightly, and the lightness and keeping of Salvator
delightful little poem , written appar- Rosa. The want of harmony and
ently by a person of taste and genius, union in the carnations ofhis females,
but who either possesses not the art is a slight objection , and there is like
of forming and combining a plot, or wise a meagre sheetiness in his contrasts
regards it only as a secondary and sub- of chiaroscuro ; but these are all re ,
ordinate object. In this we do not deemed by the felicity, execution, and
widely differ from him, butare sensi- master traits, distinguishable in his
ble meantime, that many others will ; grouping, by which, like Murillo or
and that the ramblingand uncertain Carraveggio , he sometimesraises from
nature of the story, will be the prin- out the rubbish masses of a colossal
cipal objection urged against the poem trifle."
before us, as well as the greatest bar But the work has another quality ;
to its extensive popularity . The char- and though its leading one, we do
acter of Mr Scott's romances has ef- not know whether to censure or ap
fected a material change in our mode prove it. It is an avowed imitation,
of estimating poetical compositions. and therefore loses part of its value,
In all the estimable works of our if viewed as an original production,
former poets, from Spencer down to On the other hand , regarded solely
Thomson and Cowper, the plot seems as an imitation , it is one of the closest
to have been regarded only as good or and most successful, without being
bad, in proportion to the advantages either a caricature or a parody, that
which it furnished for poetical descrip- perhaps ever appeared in any lan
tion ; but of late years, one half, at guage. Not only is the general man
least, of the merit of a poem is sup- ner of Scott ably maintained through
posed to rest on the interest and man- put, but the very structure of the
agement of the tale. language, the associations, and the
We speak not exclusively of that train of thinking, appear to be pre
numerous class of readers, who peruse cisely the same. It was once alleged
and estimate a new poem , orany poem , by some writers, that it was impossi
with the same feelings and precisely ble to imitate Mr Scott's style, but
on the same principles as they do a it is now fully proved to the world ,
novel. It is natural for such persons that there is no style more accessible
to judge only by the effect produced to imitation ; for it will be remarked ,
by the incidents ;but we have often (laying parodiesaside, which any one
been surprised that some ofour literary may execute ), that Mr Davidson and
critics, even those to whose judgment MissHolford, as well as Lord Byron
we were most disposed to bow, should and Wordsworth , each in one instance,
lay so much stress on the probability have all, without, we believe, intend
and fitness of every incident which ing it, imitated him with considerable
the fancy of the poet may lead him to closeness. The author of the Poetic
embellish in the course of a narrative Mirror has given us one specimen of
poem , a great proportion of which his most polished and tender style,
must necessarily be descriptive. The and another still more close of his
author of Harold the Dauntless seems rapid and careless manner; but all of
to have judged differently from these them fall greatly short of The Bridal
critics, and in the lightsome rapid of Triermain, and the poem now before
strain of poetry which he has chosen , us. We are sure the author will laugh
we feel no disposition to quarrel with heartily in his sleeve, at our silliness
him on account of the easy and care- and want of perception, when we cons
less manner in which he has arranged fess to him that we never could open
his story. In many instances, he un- either of these works, and peruse his
doubtedly shows the hand of a mas- pages for two minutes with attention,
ter, and (as the director-general of our and at the same time divest our minds
artists wouldsay,) " has truly studied of the idea, that we were engaged in
and seized the essential character of an early or experimental work of that
the antique his attitudes and drape- great master. That they are generally
ries are unconfined , and yaried with inferior to the works of Mir Scott, in
1817.) Review .- Harold the Dauntless. 77
vigour and interest, admits not of dis That, like a silverycrape, wasspread
pute ; still they have many of his wild Round Skiddaw's dim and distanthead .'
and softer beauties ; and if they fail _ What time, or where
to be read and admired , we shall not
on thataccountthink the better ofthe Did shepass,
brow ,
that maid with theheavenly
taste of the age. With her look so sweet, and her eyessofair,
With regard to the former of these Andhergraceful step, and her angel air,
poems, we have often heard , from Andthe eagle-plumeon her dark brown hair,
what may be deemed good authority, That pass’d from my bower e'en now ?'
a very curious anecdote, which we
shall give merely as such, without Although it fell as faint and shy
bashfulmaiden'shalf-formed
vouchingfor the truth of it. When AsWhen sigh,
she thinks her lover near .'
the article entitled The Inferno of
Altisidora ,' appeared in the Edinburgh
Annual Register for 1809, it will be InAnd light they fell, as when earth receives,
morn of frost,the withered leaves
remembered, that the last fragment That drop when no winds blow.'
contained in that singular production ,
is the beginning of the romance of Or if 'twas but an airy thing,
Triermain . Report says, that the Such as fantastic slumbers bring,
fragment was not meant to be un imi- Framed from the rainbow's varying dyes,
tationof Scott but of Coleridge ; and Or fading tints of western skies.
that for this purpose the author bor- These, it will be seen , are not ex
rowed both the name of the hero and actly Coleridge, but they are precisely
the scene from the then unpublished such an imitation of Coleridge as, we
poem of Christabelle ; and further - conceive, another poet of our acquaint
that so few had ever seen themanu- ance would write : on that ground,
script of that poem , that_amongst we are inclined to give some credit to
these few the author of Triermain the anecdote here related, and from it
could not be mistaken . Be that as we leave our readers to guess, as we
it may, it is well known, that on the have done, who is the author of the
appearance of this fragment in the poems in question .
Annual Register, it was universally It may be argued by the capricious,
taken for an imitation of Walter Scott, and those of slow -motioned souls, that
and never once of Coleridge. The au- this proves nothing ; but we assure
thor perceiving this, and that the poem them it proves all that we intend or
was well received, instantly set about desire to have proved ; for we think
drawing it out into a regular and the present mode of endeavouring to
finished work ; for shortly after, it puzzle people's brains about the au
was announced in the papers, and con- thors of every work that appears ex
tinued to be so for three long years ; tremely amusing. It has likewise a
the author, as may be supposed , have very beneficial and delightful conse
ing, during that period, his hands oc- quence, in as much asit makes many
casionally occupied with heavier metal. persons to be regarded as great au
In 1813 the poem was at last pro- thors, and looked up to as extraordi.
duced, avowedly and manifestly as an nary characters, who otherwise would
imitation of Mr Scott ; and it may never have been distinguished in the
easily be observed , that from the 27th slightest degree from their fellows,
page onward, it becomes much more We shall only say, once for all, that
decidedly like the manner of that whenever we areadmitted behind the
poet than it is in the preceding part curtain, we shall never blabthesecrets
which was publishedinthe Register, of the green - room , for we think there
and which undoubtedly does bearsome is neither honour nor discretion in so
similarity to Coleridge in the poetry, doing ; but when things are left for
and more especially in the rythm , -as, us to guess at, we may sometimes
eg: blunder on facts that will astonish
• Harpers must lull him to his rest,
these mist- enveloped authors, as well
With the slow tunes he loves the best, as their unfathomable printer, who we
Till sleep sink down upon his breast, think may soon adopt for a sign -board
Like the dew on a summer hill.' or motto, Mr Murray's very appro
priate and often - repeated postscript
• It was the dawn of an autumn day, it No admittance behind the scenes ,
The sun was struggling with frost-fog gray , And, at all events, if we should some.
7
18 Review.Armata . [ April
times mistake, it will only be produc- will shew how extremely it is like to
tive of a little more amusement in the the manner of Scott.
discussion of the literary capabilities A professed imitator will not, we
of some new individuals, with their presume, value himself much on his
styles and manners, even down to the pretensions to originality, else we might
composition of a law paper . perhaps give the author some offence
We cannotgive long extracts from by remarking, that the demeanour of
every work which we propose to no- Harold in the fane of St Cuthbert,
tice, but we have no hesitation in too like that of Wat o' the Cleuch
saying , that the poem of Harold is in Jedburgh abbey, to be viewed as
throughout easy and flowing ; never purely incidental ; and it is not a little
tame, and often exhibits great spirit. singular, that heshould have judged
But it is apparent thatthe author had it meet to borrow from another imita
no plan in going on , farther than the tor, who, in thatstyle and instance,
very affected and unnatural one, now so decidedly his inferior.
rendered trite by repetition, ofmaking Weshall only add, that Harold the
his hero wed his page, whoturns out Dauntless isa fit and reputable com
to be a lady in disguise. All the rest panion to Triermain . The poetry is
of the poem seems to run on at mere more equal, and has more of nature
random . The introduction begins and humancharacter ; yet when duly
with the following stanzas. perused and reflected on, it scarcely
“ There is a mood ofmindweall have known, leaves on the mind, perhaps, so dis
On drowsy eve , or dark and low'ring day, tinct and powerful animpression.
When the tired spirits lose their sprightly
tone, Armata . A Fragment. London, Mure
And nought can chace the lingering hours ray, 1817. pp. 210.
away , It is a remarkable fact, that no crisis
Dull on our soul falls Fancy's dazzling ray, of our political existence, during the
And. Wisdom holds his steadier torch in vain ,
Obscured the painting seems, mistuned the last half-century, has called forth so
lay, few of our pamphleteer speculators on
Nor dare we of our listless load complain, statistics as the present;-when the
For who for sympathy may seek that cannot unexampled difficulties which have op
tell ofpain ! pressed our agriculture, our manufac
Ennui ! -or, as our mothers call'd thee, tures, and our commerce,-difficulties
Spleen ! from whose operation no one amongst
To thee we owe full many a rare device ;- us has been exempt, and whose extent
Thine is the sheaf of painted cards, I ween, no one amongst us can define, present
The rolling billiard -ball, the rattlingdice, so wide a field to our soi -disant philo
nicę ; sophers and statesmen. Whetherthis
Theturning latheforframing gimcrackmay’st
The amateur's blotch'd pallet thou silence beowing to a want of ability,
claim ,
Retort and airpump, threatening frogs and or a want of inclination to encounter a
mice, subject ofsuch magnitude, it is notnow
(Murders disguised by philosophic name,) our business to determine. Two plans,
And much of trifling grave, and much of however, have been brought forward,
buxom game. which we are assured will relieve us
Then of the books to catch thy drowsy glance from all our embarrassments. Major
Compiled, whatbard the cataloguemay quote! Cartwright prescribes for us universal
Plays, poems, novels, never read but once ; suffrage and annual parliaments, while
Butnotofsuch the tale fair Edgeworth wrote , a distinguished member of the Legis
That bears thy name, and is thine antidote ;
And notof such the strainmy Thomson sung, lature is not less sanguine in his ex
pectation ,that our farmers and our
Delicious dreams inspiring by his note,
What time to Indolence his harp he strung ; manufactures will find a remedy for
Oh ! might my lay be rank'd that happier all their distresses in — the plains of
list among ! ” South America ! The subject having
The dry humour, and sort ofhalf been thus neglected, it was with not
Spenserian cast of these, as well as less pleasure than surprise, that on
all the other introductory stanzas in reading the tract before us, we found
the poem , we think excellent, and that the author,-whoever he be- de
scarcely outdone by any thing of the velopes in a masterly manner the causes
kind that we know of ; and there are which have brought us into our pre
few parts , taken separately, that have sent alarming situation , and explains
not something attractive to the lover the measures which ,he thinks, ought to
of natural poetry, while any one page be adopted to work out our deliverance.
1817. ] Review.Stories for Children . 79
It will be doubtless, he asked , how space in the political world during the
it is that such subjects should be treat- last thirty years ; and although in the
ed of under the title of ARMATA ?- second edition of Armata, which is
and it is therefore necessary that we now before us, the author does not
should inform our readers that ARMA- avow himself, yet, as it is a work which
Ta is the name of a country placed by even the eminent person alluded to
the author in an imaginary world ; in might be proud to acknowledge, and as
depicting which country, he gives a it speaks the same sentiments, which
most eloquent and animated descrip- he has always maintained, we are in
tion of the policy of Great Britain , clined to give credit to the rumour
tracing the history of her distresses which has named him the author of
from the beginning of the contest with this spirited and able performance.
America downwards through
, the re
volutionary war with France to the Stories for Children ; selected from
present day. How far it was neces- the History of England, from the
sary to resort to a new world , in order Conquest to the Revolution . 18mo.
to find a vehicle for the conveyance of pp. 186. 1817. Second edition , Lon .
his ideas on the distresses of Great don , Murray .
Britain, may be matter of doubt ; but PARTIAL as we confess ourselves to
be that as it may, the author has disa be to the pleasing recollections of our
played, in the investigation of the early years, we must admit that the
question, deep knowledge of the sub- little folks of this generation have
ject, and has discussed it in a style of many advantages which we did not
brilliant eloquence, tempered, how . enjoy. The juvenile library of our
ever, with a degree of moderation, too day was of limited extent ; and though
seldom witnessed in works on the amply furnished with Mother Bunch,
political topics of the present day. The &c. it could not boast of the admir
following character of Mr Fox, is a able productions of a Mrs Barbauld, a
fair specimen of the author's powers Miss Edgeworth, and a number of
of writing . other eminent writers who have not
“ My confidence inthis opinion is the disdained the humble, but most useful,
task of teaching “ the young idea how
more unshaken, from the recollection that to shoot.” . The manner in which
I held it at the very time, in common with
a man whom , to have known as I did , these meritorious authors have com
would have repaid all the toils and perils bined instruction with entertainment,
you have undergone. I look upon you, in- we consider as one of the great im
deed, as a benighted traveller, to have been provements of modern times. His
cast upon our shores after this greatlight tory is now rendered “as attractive
were set.-- Never was a being gifted with an as a fairy tale," and our little mas
understanding so perfect, nor aided by a
perception which suffered nothing to escape ters
the characters of real life as theirwith
and misses may be as familiar
pre
from its dominion . He was never known
to omit any thingwhich in the slightest de- decessors were with Blue Beard and
gree could affect thematter to be considered, Little Red Riding Hood .
nor to confound things at all distinguish . We have beenparticularly gratified
able, however apparently the same ; and with the little book which has given
his conclusions were always so luminous and rise to these reflections. The author
convincing , that you might as firmly de- has expressed so shortly, and so well,
pend upon them as when substances in na- the reasons which led him to compose
ture lie before
assigned to them from forms
the palpable of
you inthefoundation the charming stories forhis ownfamily,
world. Such werehis qualifications for the and induced him to favour theworlá
office of a statesman; and his profound with them , that we think our readers
knowledge, always underthe guidance of the will be pleased to see them in his own
sublime simplicity of his heart, softening, words.
without unnerving the giant strength of his · Every person has, I suppose, felt the
intellect, gave acharacter to his eloquence difficulty ofpaying the contribution ofstories
which I shall notattempt to describe, know- which children are so anxious to levy. I
ing nothing by which it may be compared. " happen to have one little girl whose curi
pp. 86–88 . osity and shrewdness have frequently em
It has been said, and we believe barrassed me ; I have it
led to inquirieswhich found not fictions
wasthat easy to
without having beencontradicted, that satisfy, and that supernatural fictions (such
this work is theproduction of a very as fairy tales) vitiated the young taste, and
eloquent and distinguishedmember of disgusted it from its more substantial nour
the Legislature, who has filled a large ishment, while the fictions of common life ,
80 Review .- Stories for Children. April
such as histories of Jenny and Tommy, “ At last the king thought it best to go
of dolls and tops) though very useful as and meet the mob , and hear what they had
lessons, had not enoughof the marvellous to say . So he went with the lord mayor,
to arrest the attention to the degree neces- and a few other lords and gentlemen , to a
sary for amusement. These considerations place called Smithfield,where the mob were
led me to tell my little girl the following encamped as if they had been an army.
stories, which I found to amuse herin a very When Wat Tyler, who was their chief
high degree, without having any of the dis- leader, saw the young king coming, he ad
advantages which result from relations mere- vanced to meet him , and then they began
ly fictitious. My principal object was not to talk and dispute together; but at length
to instruct but to amuse , and I therefore did Wat Tyler was so insolent to the king, that
not attempt any think like a course of his. his conduct was not to be borne ; and al.
tory ; but as I have, in general, adhered to though it was in sight of his own army, the
historical fact, and departed from it only lord mayor of London had the courage to
(when history was doubtful or silent) in fa- strike him down with his mace , and then the
vour of some popular prejudices , whatever other gentlemen put Wat Tyler immediate
lasting impression may be made on the ly to death.
young mind , will be, on the whole, consist . “ The rioters seeing Wat Tyler, their
ent with truth , and conducive to its further leader, fall, prepared to revenge themselves
and more substantial improvement.' on the king and his party ; and the whole,
even the king himself, would undoubtedly
As a specimen of the happy manner have been murdered on the spot, but that
in which our author unites the utmost Richard, young as he was, saved them all
elegance of language, with that sim- by his own courage; for when he saw the
plicity which adapts itself to the ten- mob so furious, instead of seeming fright
derest_years, we select his story of ened, he rode up to them alone, and said
Wat Tyler : to them , in a good -humoured manner ,
• What is the matter my good people ? Are
WAT TYLER. you angry that you havelost your leader ?
Richard II. born 1366.Died 1399.- I am your king, and I will be your leader
Reigned 22 years. myself.'
“ There are often great riots in England, “ The mob was astonished and over
which are sometimes very dangerous, for awed by the king's courage, and they im
when mobs assemble nobody knows what mediately obeyed him, and followed him
such a great crowd of foolish ignorant peo out into the fields ; for the king was glad
ple may do ; but one time, about four hun- to get them out of the city, wherethey were
dred years ago, there happened the most committing all manner of mischief.
dangerous riots that ever were known, for “ When he had them in the fields, he
all the country people armed themselves had such a strong guard of his own soldiers
with clubs, and staves, and scythes, and that he was no longer afraid of the rioters.
pitchforks, and they rose in such great num So he commanded them all to disband, and
bers, that they drove away all the king's go quietly to their own houses ; which ac
soldiers, and got possession of the cityof cordingly they immediately did, and not a
London . life was lost after the death of Wat Tyler,
“ The chief leaders of this mob were not who very well deserved his fate for his re
gentlemen nor soldiers, but common peas- bellion against the king, and for all the
ants and tradesmen , who were called after mischief and murders that his rebellion had
the names of theirtrades, Wat Tyler, Hob occasioned .”
Carter, and Tom Miller ; and as these fel
lows could neither read nor write, and were We rather think this story may be
poor ignorant wretches, they took a great read with advantage atpresent by child
hatred to all gentlemen , and every body who ren of a larger growth - as we certainly
could read and write, andthey put some of did not expect that Wat Tyler would
them to death ; and the whole city was kept have been held up as a patriot even to a
for several days in the greatest confusion s mob. for regret we.
and danger , and all quiet honest people Spafield
have notroom We furth that cts
er extra
were afraid for their lives.
“ The king at this time was called Rich “ The Murder in the Tower ,” in par
ard, not Cæur de Lion ,-but another king ticular, is very affectingly told. But
Richard, who was called Richard the Second. the specimen we have already quoted
He was the grandson of Edward the Third ; will render it quite superfluous for us
but he wasneither so wise nor so fortunate to say oneword more in praise of this
as his grandfather, who was a great king. excellent little work, which we have
Richard was very young, not more than no doubt will soon form a part of
seventeen years old , andit is not surprising
that he hardly knew howto stopthepro every juvenile library; and wecan
ceedings of this riotous mob ; for his sol assure the distinguished author, from
diers were driven away , many of his minis our own experience, that these stories
ters were put to death, and the rest of them have been as “ successful in other fa
were forced to fly. milies as they have been in his own .”
1817. ] Periodical Works. Edinburgh Review , 81

PERIODICAL WORKS.

considered
laws areand also insut,
inconsistotentbe with their
The Edinburgh Review. No 54. ficient,
1. Childe Harold's Pilgrimage,Canto avowed purposes, asthey allow of tran
the Third , and The Prisoner ofChillon, sactions substantially usurious. The
and other Poems. By LORD Byron. penalties imposed upon all who assist
In this article the Reviewers do not suitors in courts of justice, with the
confine themselves altogether to these means of enforcing their rights, sti
two publications, but the Corsair be- pulating for a certain premium , which
ing the last work of Lord Byron of the law of England denominates maine
which they had given a particular ac- tenance and champerty, are reprobated
count, they introduce their examina- as the growth of a barbarous age ; and
tion of the present works by notices of a very strong case is extracted from Mr
Lara, The Siege of Corinth , and other Bentham's treatise , to show the ruin
intermediate pieces. This Third Canto ous consequences of this law to needy
of Childe Harold, the Reviewers are suitors. repeal the usury laws,
The of
persuaded, will not be pronouncedin- however, is held to be imprudent at
ferior to either of the former; and they this particular crisis, as “ all persons
think that it will probably be ranked now owing money would inevitably
above them by those who have been have their creditors coming upon them
most delighted with the whole. Of for payment.” It is to be wished the
The Prisoner of Chillon they speak in Reviewer had taken into consideration
the language of praise ; but the restof the effects which this repeal might
the poems are said to be less amiable, produce upon the terms of loans to
and most of them , the Reviewers fear, government, and upon the price of
have a personal and not very charit- the public funds.-- The Protest q
able application. gainst Law Taxes is highly extol
2. A Letter to the Roman Catholic led. The privilege of sueing in fore
Priests of Ireland, onthe expediency of ma pauperis is shewn to be of little
reviving theCanonical modeof electing value. Stamps on lawproceedings are
Bishopsby Dean and Chapter ,&c. By censured ; and the vulgar argument,
C. 0. - There is no further notice of that such taxes operate as a check to
the book or its author. It is a disserta- litigation, is said to be “ triumphantly
tionon the Catholic question ,in which refuted ” by Mr Bentham .
the Keviewer endeavours to shew that 4. Wesentliche Betrachtungen oder
no securities whatever should be re- Geschichte des Krieges Zwischen den
quired from the Catholics as the con- Osmanen und Russen in den Jahren
dition of their emancipation . 1768 bis 1774, von RESMI ACHMED
3. Defence of Usury : showing the EFENDI,aus dem Türkischen übersetzt
impolicy of the present legal restraints und durch Anmerkungenerlärdert von
on the term of pecuniary bargains, in HEINRICH FRIEDRICH Von Diez.
Letters to a Friend. To which is added, This book is a history of the war be
a Letter to Adam Smith, Esq. LL.D. tween Russian and the Ottoman Porte,
on the discouragements opposed by the in the years 1768–1774, originally
above restraints to the progress of in- written in Turkish by Resmi Achmed
ventive industry. The third edition : Efendi, and translated into German by
to which is also added, second edition , M. Von Diez. The Reviewer has con
a Protest against Law Taxes. By trived, by the playfulness and pleasan
JEREMY BENTHAM, Esq. of Lincoln's try of his style, to render this short
Inn.-In this article the Reviewer bee article very amusing. The work ite ,
gins with examining the reasons that self, he says, is dull enough in all con
have been urged in defence of the science, but it is a literary curiosity.
usury laws, and finds that they pro- 5. National Difficulties practically
duce none of the good which they pre- explained, and Remedies proposed as
tend to have in view ; and then pro- certain , speedy, and effectual, for the
ceeds to point out the mischiefs which relief of all our present embarrassments.
they create in all directions. These The questions proposed for discus-,
Vol. I. L
 82 Periodical Works. - Edinburgh Review . [April
sion in this article are, 1st, In what elude with some account of the Waha
manner were the people of this coun- bees of Arabia , chiefly taken from the
try, who are now idle, formerly em- Travels of Ali Bey.
ployed ? The substance of the answer 8. The Statesman's Manual ; or the
is, that foreign trade was “ the source Bible the Best Guide to Political Skill
from which employment flowed to and Foresight ; a Lay Sermon, ad
all classes of her industrious inhabi- dressed to the higher classes of Society ;
tants.” — 2d, By what means were they with an Appendix. By S. T. COLE
deprived of this employment ? The RIDGE, Esq . — This article abounds in
answer is, that this commerce was ridicule andmetaphor aswell as in ar
suddenly pent up, partly by a train of gument. If any one delights in see
ill-concerted measures at home, and ing a poor author cut up, he must be
partly by the policy of the enemy amply gratified by this indignant and
abroad , within the narrow boundsof scornful performance.
the British territory. “ We sought 9. Letters from St Helena. By
to ruin the enemy's trade, and we WILLIAM WARDEN , Surgeon on board
>>
have succeeded in ruining our own. the Northumberland.The Reviewers
And 3d, Whether there is any pro- point out some mistakes in Mr War
bability that it ( employment) everwill den's historical recollections, but ob
be regained ? This is the most import- serve , “ that there is an air of plain
ant question. “We
Reviewer says,
have
“ that theno proof," the what
consumption ness he
andsaw
sincerity in histhat
'and heard, account of
recom
of our manufactures, eitherin Europe mends it strongly to the confidence of
or in America, has fallen off.” Our error his readers.” Only a small portion of
has been in overstockingthese markets; the article is devoted to Mr Warden's
but the goods will be consumed , and book . The greater part is occupied
trade revive. - The most important of “ with a short and general view of the
the other causes of the distress which public and political life of Napoleon ,
prevails are, the decline of agriculture, with such facts and anecdotes inter
and the increase of taxation . spersed ,as have been furnished to us,
6. The Works of Henry Howard, on good authority, from persons fa
Earl of Surrey, and of Sir Thomas miliarly connected with him at differ
Wyatt the Elder. Edited by George ent periods ofhis fortune, or obtained
FREDERICK Nott, D.D.F.S.A. late from some of our countrymen , who
Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford.— saw and conversed with him during
For one of these quartos, that which his residence in the isle of Elba.” This
contains the worksof the Earl of Sur- delectable compilation would have done
rey, the Reviewers are inclined to make honour to M. Bertrand himself. It
everyallowance,and to muster up every is distinguished throughout by an ex
thing favourable ; but Sir Thomas aggerated representation of what is
Wyatt was in no true sense of the praise-worthy in the character and
word a poet;" and as their object is to conduct of Napoleon, and , what is in
consider poets and poetry, they take finitely worse, by a palpable anxiety to
leave of him at once. This article con- apologize for his greatest enormities.
tains a summary of the Life of the 10. Della Patria di Cristoforo Co
Earl of Surrey, and a critique on his lombo. Dissertazione pubblicato nelle
poetry. “ We see not the slightest Memorie dell'Accademia Imperiale
ground," say the Reviewers, “ for de- delle Scienze di Torino . Restampata
priving Chaucer, in any one respect, con Quinte, Documenti, Lettere diverse,
of his title of Father of English Poe- &c. and Regionamentonel Quale si con
try , " and we are heartily ready to forma ľ Opinion Generale intorno alla
allow , thatSurrey well deserves that of Patria di Cristoforo Colombo,—Pre
the eldest son, however much he was sentato all'Accademia delle Scienze,
surpassed by the brothers that imme- Lettere, e Arti di Genova ,-Nell A
diately followed him." dunanza del di 16. Decembre 1312,
7. Narrative of a Journey in Egypt, dagli Accademici Serra, Carrega e Pin
andthe Country beyond the Cataracts. aggio.— The object of the first of these
By Thomas Legh, Esq. M.P.- The works is to prove that Columbus was
Reviewers speak well of this work.- a Piedmontese, and of the latter, that,
After accompanying Mr Legh on his as has been generally held, he was a
journey , and extracting a very inter- Genoese. The Reviewers are of this
esting part of the narrative, they con- last opinion. To this discussion is
1817. ) Periodical Works.Quarterly Review . 83

subjoined a most interesting letter, second £ 400. The second prize was
written by Columbus upon his return assigned toMr Sumner, of whose Trea
from the first voyage inwhich he dis- tisethe Reviewers present a pretty full,
covered the NewWorld, and despatch- and apparently an impartial, examina
ed from Lisbon , where he landed, to tion in this interesting article. Their
one of the Spanish king's council. It observations on the principle of popu
has been almost entirely overlooked by lation lead to conclusions very differ
historians. ent from those of Mr Malthus,and are,
11. Statements respecting the East wehope, better supported by history
India College, with anappeal to facts,in and experience.
refutation ofthe charges lately brought 4. A Voyage round the World,from
against it in the Court of Proprietors. 1806 to 1802 ; in which Japan, Kam
By the Rev. T. R. MALThus, &c. schatka, the Aleutian Islands, and the
Mr Malthus and the Reviewers, alter Sandwich Islands, were visited, & c. By
et idem perhaps, agree in thinking that ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL.- Campbell is
some sort ofinstruction is really de- a poor young sailor, who had lost both
sirable for the future Judges and feet, and was found by Mr Smith , the
Magistrates of India, and this indeed Editor of the volume, in one of the
is a point tolerably well proved , though steam -boats that ply on the Clyde,
not till after a good deal of time and playing on the violin for the amuse
labour has been employed about it. ment of the passengers. 66The hope
But whether the College at Hertford that an account of his voyage might
be the very best institution for the pur- be of service to an unfortunate and
poseis not quite so clear. The argu- deserving man , and not unacceptable
ments in defence of it are of too gene- to those who take pleasure in contem
ral a nature, and the “ disturbances" plating theprogress ofmankind in the
on which the objection to it rests, too arts of civilization, gave rise to the pre
slightly noticed , to enable the public sent publication .' The book itself
to come to any decided opinion, with- contains much that is curious, and
out having access to information of a adds not a little to our still very im
more definite and tangible character. perfect knowledge ofthe remote regions
visitedby the author.
The QUARTERLY Review. No 31. By5.ANDREW Shakspeare's HimselfAnagain
Becket.- ! full
article & c.
1. Narrative of a Journey in Egypt of irony and banter, apparently a well
and the Country beyond the Cataracts. deserved chastisement of this unfor
By Thomas LEGH, Esq. M.P.- " On tunate commentator.
the present
66
occasion ,” say the Review- 6. Tracts on Saving Banks. There
ers , we havenothingto findfault with is a great dealof information about
but the omissions.” MrLegh may re- thosebanks collected in this article,
joice that hehas escaped so well from but the Reviewer is two zealous and
the ordeal of these opposite Courts of too sanguine to perceive the inconve
Criticism . niences which must be felt from de
2. Counsellor Phillips's Poems and dopting the plans of MrDuncan ; and,
Speeches.-- Mr Phillips's sins against while he bestows well -merited praise
good taste are not a little aggravated on the benevolent exertionsof this gen
in the eyes of these Reviewers by his tleman , we think that he hardly does
political opinions. justice to some of the other fellow
3. A Treatise on the Records of the labourers.
Creation , and on the Moral Attributes 7. Cowper's Poems and Life. - The
of the Creator, with particular refer- third volume of the poems, edited by
ence to the Jewish History, and to the John Johnson, LL.D., the first work
consistency of the principle of Popu- embraced bythis Review , is considere
lationwith the Wisdom and Goodness of ed as decidedly inferior to its predeces
the Deity. By John BIRD SUMNER, sors. The other two treatises are me
M.A. - Mr Burnett, a gentleman of moirs, said to be written by Cowper
Aberdeenshire, bequeathed a sum to himself , and never before published.
be set apart till it should accumulate From what we see of them here, the
to £ 1600 , which was then to be given only subject of regret is, that they
to the authors of the two best Essays should ever have been published at all.
on the subject of Mr Sumner's book , The article contains a general character
to the first in merit £1200, and to the of Cowper's poetry and letters.
84 Periodical Works.-Quarterly Review . [ Aprit
8.A Sketch of the Britishfur Trade dead to every emotion of pleasureand
in North America, with Observations gratitude, this article must stir up these
relative to the North-west Company of feelings in no common degree. The
Montreal ; by the EARL of Selkirk : Reviewer displays throughout, not on
and Voyage de la Mer Atlantique à ly the powers of a poet and of a critic
l'Ocean Pacifique par le Nord -ouest of the highest order, but the delicacy
dans la Mer Glaciale ;par le Capi- and solicitude of a friend,without,
taine Laurent Ferrer Maldonado l'an however, shutting his eyes to the ec
1588. Nouvellement traduit, &c.- centricities and misjudged exhibitions
Lord Selkirk, some years ago, attempt of this lugubrious and indignant mis
ed to divert the tide of emigration from anthrope. There are one or two di
theHighlands ofScotland to the Unit- gressions in it somewhat curious, for
ed States, and turn it to Prince Ed- they may be thought to identify the
ward's Island, within the territories of Reviewer,---upon much the same
Great Britain . More lately, his views grounds as Childe Harold has been
of colonization seem to have become supposed to speak the sentiments of
more extensive ; and having purchased Lord Byron. In the first, he disputes
about a third part of the stock of the the proposition , thatrapidity of com
Hudson's Bay Company, he obtained position and publicationendangers the
from their governors a grant of a wide fame of an author of great talents. A
extent of country, held, or supposed little after it is stated, as an axiom ,
to be held, under their charter, of that “ every author should , like Lord
which he proceeded to take possession. Byron , form to himself, and commu
The settlers on this tract have been nicate to the reader, a precise, defined,
molested , itappears, by the servants of and distinct view of the landscape,
the North -west Company, between sentiment, or action, which he intends
which and the Hudson's Bay Come to describe to the reader.” Lord By
pany there had long subsisted a deadly ron's political opinions, ofcourse, meet
feud ; and some very extraordinary with no favour ; but his sins of omis
proceedings are understood to have sion, as well as commission, though
taken place on both sides. According pointed out in forcible language, do
to Lord Selkirk, the fur trade is not in not call forth those expressions of con
the best hands, nor carried on in a very tumely and bitterness, which so often
honourable manner. The North -west disgrace the subalterns in political hos
Company is pointedly accused, indeed , tilities. There is something very,
of great violence and injustice, for serious, or, so different are peoples'
which, as the law at presentstands,it is tastes,perhaps amusing, at the conclu
extremely difficult, or altogether in- sion of thisarticle. It is impossible
possible,to call its servantsto account. not to see in it the goodness of the
of the Hudson's Bay Company, the writer's heart, though we make no
Reviewers do not think so well as Lord doubt that others may pretend to dis
Selkirk does. The rest of this article, cover also a slight infusion of amiable
and that which is of a far deeper in- simplicity: For our own parts, we
terest, relates to the North -west pass- cannot help suspecting that there is a
age. The relation ofMaldonado's voy- reasonable portion of affectation in
age is held to be a clumsy and audaci- some of Lord Byron's dolorous verses ;
ous forgery. The Reviewers firmly and that to treat him like a spoilt
believe, however, that a navigable child will not have much efficacy in
passage from the Atlantic to the Paci- removing the complaint. If anyone
fic, round the northern coast of Ame- should hereafter think it necessary, in
rica, does exist, and may be of no order to establish his superiority of ta
difficult execution. In supportof this lent, to begin with distinguishing him
opinion, they proceed to examine the selfin thecircles of vice and folly, des
various unsuccessful attempts that have pising the restraints to which ordinary
been made at different periods. No mortals have agreed to submit, hemay
human being, they say, has yet ap- be led to doubt of the certainty of this
proached the coastof America on the mode of proving his claim , when he is
eastern side, from 660 to 72°, and here assured, that the moral and religious
it is thoughtthepassagemay be found. regimen , here prescribed to Lord By
9. Childe Harold's Pilgrimage, Can- ron, has been very faithfully observed ,
to III. ; and the Prisoner of Chillon , both in the private and public life of
and other Poems. By LORD Byron. several of the most distinguished writ
--- If the heart of Lord Byron be not ers of the present age.
1817.) Literary and Scientific Intelligence.
10. Warden's Letters " Mr.Ware well informed men. None but the
den's pretences and falsehoods," say most ignorant can expect, and none
the Reviewers, “ if not detected on but the most wrongheaded , or unprin
the spot,and at the moment when the cipled, will teach the people to expect
means of detection happen to be at any relief, under the present distresses
hand, might hereafter tend to deceive of the country , from universal sufa
other writers, and poison the sources of frage and annual parliaments. But the
history.” Themotive of the Reviewers Reviewer does not confine himself to
is therefore avery laudable one, and topics in the discussion of which he
the detection' will no doubt be very would have carried along with him the
satisfactory to a certain class of read- approbation of all thosewhose appro
ers . But the historian ! Sources of bation is of any value. Unfortunate
history ! If the historian and philo- ly, we think, for the cause of which
sopher should sit down to this,and the he is so able an advocate, he has intro
corresponding article in the Edinburgh duced a great deal of extraneousmat
Review , about a hundred years hence, ter, concerning which men of the
what must he think of the political clearest heads and purest intentions
parties, and of the state of literature, cannot be brought to agree. He has
in Britain in the year 1816 ? Mr War- also counteracted the effects which the
den is a “ blundering, presumptuous, soundness of his judgment, and the
and falsifying scribbler ;” and the powers of his eloquence, might have
proof is, that he actuallybrought the otherwise produced upon misguided
materials of this book from St Helena or unthinking reformers, by indulging
in the shape of notes , instead of hav- in a strain of violent exaggeration and
ing really despatched letters from sea, reproach. So wide a departure from
and from St Helena, to a correspond- the Roman poet's maxim of suaviter in
ent in England ! modo, fortiter in re, brings him too
11. Parliamentary Reform . - That near to the style of the orators and
part of this article which corresponds authors whom he so justly exposes,
with its title, contains sentiments, am and is inconsistent with the respect
bout the justness of which there will which so able a writer owes to himself
be little difference of opinion among and to his readers.

LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INTELLIGENCE.

DR CLARKE, the celebrated traveller, silica,-weremelted into glass, slag, or en .

who is now professor of mineralogy at Cam . amel. Dr Clarke has since stated , however,
bridge, has lately been employed in the that plumbago has alsoyielded to the power
performance of some very curious and im- of this instrument; and from the following
portant experiments with a blowpipe, of a quotation from the doctor's communica
power far exceeding that of any similar in- tion, in the Annals of Philosophy for
strument which has formerly been used. March , it will be seen that he considers
This instrument isin reality the invention charcoal itself as not decidedly refractory
of Mr Brooke ,-although, when Dr Clarke when the fusing power is in all its perfec
employed it in his first experiments, he ap- tion :- " As far, ” says the doctor, “ as
pears to have considered it as the invention mineral substances are concerned , the char
of Mr Newman, who was the only artist acter of infusibility is forever annihilated .
employed in making it, and from whose Every mineral substance, not excepting
handsDr Clarke had probably received it. plumbago, has been fused. There remains
This mistake, however, the doctor has now therefore, only one substance, namely char
been careful to correct. The instrument coal, to maintain this character ; and if I
consists essentially of a close box, in which have leisure for a subsequent dissertation,
air is condensed by means of a syringe. I trust I shall be able to shew , that char
From this box, the air which in the experi- coal itself exhibits some characteristics of a
ments of Dr Clarke consisted of two volumes fusible body .” — The most remarkable, how
hydrogen , and one volume oxygen gas, high- ever, of allthe results obtained during these
ly condensed, is allowed to rush upon the brilliant experiments, was the reductionof
flame of a lamp or candle ; and by the barytes and strontian to their metallic
powerful heat thus produced , Dr Clarke bases : -- to these thedoctor has since add.
found that every substance which he tried, ed a long list of other metallic salts and
excepting charcoal and plumbago, were ca- ores, which he has been able to reduce to
pable of being fused . All the most refrac- their pure metallic state, and of which spe
tory stones -- the earths, namely, lime, ba cimens have repeatedly beentransmittedfor
rytes, strontian, magnesia, alumina, and the inspection of the most illustrious scien
 86 Literary and Scientific Intelligence. [April
tific characters whom this country contains, in Norfolk, Esq. who married Matilda,
The instrument itself, by means of which only survivingdaughter of General James
all those important results have been ob- Lockhart of Lee and Carnwath , Countof
tained , hasalso received some improvements the Holy Roman empire , grandson ofthe
from the hand of the doctor,bywhich not author of the Memoirs. This work will be
only greater safety is obtained in the use of comprised in two quarto volumes, of six or
it, but a very considerable degree both of seven hundred pages each ; it admirably
power and of facility has been added to the connectswith the Stuart and Culloden pa.
energy which it originally possessed ; while pers, and is calculated to excite and reward
the splendid scientific results which its em- the attention of all lovers of national history
ployment has developed , have also been ac- and political anecdote.
companied by some of the most brilliant Apaper has been read to the Royal So
phenomena which chemistry has to exhibit. ciety by Dr Brewster, containing the re
l'hecombustion of iron has been particularly sults of a very extensive and ingenious se
mentioned
fire.
asactually exhibiting a shower of ries of experiments on the action of regu
“ The general result of my observa- larly crystallized bodies upon light. From
tions,” says the author, “ has excited in these experiments Dr Brewster has deter
my mind a hope that the means I have used mined all the laws by which the pheno
will be employed upon a more extended mena are regulated , and has been enabled
scale to aid the manufactures of this coun-to compose formulæ , by which the tints,
try. By increasing the capacity of the re- and the direction of the axis of the parti.
servoir, and the condensing power of the cles of light, may in every casebe calculat,
apparatus, the diameter of the jet may be ed a priori. The law of double refraction
also enlarged ; and the consequence will investigated by La Place, and the laws of
be, that a power of fusion the most extra- the polarising force deduced by M. Biot, are
ordinary, as a work of art, 'which the world shewn to be merely simple cases of laws of
ever witnessed , may be employed with the much greater extent and generality , being
utmost economy both of space and expen- applicable onlyto a few crystals, while those
diture, and with the most certain safety ." investigatedby Dr Brewster are applicable to
We hope these splendid anticipations will the vast variety of crystallized bodies which
soon be realized : and, upon the whole, we exist in nature.
cannot help expressing our satisfaction that We understand that Professor Leslie
the employment of this powerful instru- has very lately made an important addition
ment, in the developement ofsuch striking to his curious and beautiful discoveryof ar
results, has fallen to the lot of a gentleman tificial congelation . He had found by his
who has already rendered such essential early experiments, that decayed whinstone,
service to the literature of his country , and or friable mould , reduced to a gross pow
whom, from the evidence afforded by his der and dried thoroughly , will exert a power
works (for we have not the honour of any of absorbing moisture, scarcely inferior to
more intimate acquaintance with him), we that of sulphuric acid itself. But circum
are really disposed to regard as not only stances havinglately drawn his attention to
one of the most accomplished scholars, but this subject, he caused some mouldering
one of the best men also, which this country fragments of porphyritic trap, gathered from
contains. thesides ofthatmagnificent road now form
The Lockhart Papers are announced for ing round the Calton Hill, to be pounded
publication ,consisting of memoirs concern- and dried carefully before the fire in a ba
ing the affairs of Scotland, from Queen chelor's oven . Thispowder , being thrown
Anne's aecession to the commencement of into a wine -decanter fitted with a glass stop
the Union ; with commentaries, containing per, was afterwards carried to the College ;
an account of public affairs from the Union and, at a lecture a few days since in the
to the queen's death . All these papers were Natural Philosophy Class (which he has
composedby, and arechiefly in the hand- been teaching this session inthe absenceof
writing of, George Lockhart, Esq. of Carn . Professor Playfair in Italy), he shewed the
wath , who was a very able and distinguish- influence of its absorbing power on his hy
ed member of the Scottish and British Par. grometer, which, enclosed within a small
liaments, and an unshaken disinterested receiver of an air-pump, fell from 90° to
partizan of the fallen family of Stuart. 320 °, the wetted bulb being, consequently,
They contain also a register of letters be- cooled about 60 ° of Fahrenheit's scale. The
tween the son of James II. generally called professor, therefore, proposed on the instant
the Chevalier de St George, or the old Pre- to employthe powdertofreeze a small body
tender, and George Lockhart ; with an ac- of water . He poured the powder into a saucer
count of public affairs from 1716 to 1728 ; about 7 inches wide, and placed a shallow
and journals, memoirs, and circumstantial cup of porous earthen -ware, 3 inches in dia
details, in detached pieces, of the young meter, at the height of half an inch above,
Pretender's expedition to Scotland in 1745 ; and covered the whole with a low receiver.
his progress, defeat, and extraordinary ad- On exhausting this receivertill the gage
ventures and escape after the battle of Cul- stood at 2-10ths of an inch, the water in a
loden in 1746, by Highland officers in his very few minutes ran into a cake of ice
army. All these manuscripts are in the With the same powder an hour afterward
possession of Anthony Aufrere of Hoveton he froze a large body of water in three m .
1817.] Literary and Scientific Intelligence." 87

nutes ; and he will, no doubt, push these the summer, the British surveyors are to be
ingenious and interesting experiments much joined by two eminent French academici
farther. - It appears that such earth will ans, with a view of connecting the trigono
absorb the hundredth part of its weight of metrical surveys of the two countries, and
moisture without having its power sensibly thus not only attaining a greater degree of
impaired , and is even capable of absorbing geographical accuracy , but obtaining , per
as much as the tenth part. It can hence haps, à more satisfactory solution of the
easily be made to freeze the eighth part of problem respecting the true figure of the
its weight of water, and might even repeat earth . The French gentlemen appointed
the process again . In hot countries, the to assist Colonel Mudge and Captain Colby
powder will, after each process, recover its are, M. Biot and M. Mathieu of the Insti.
power by drying in the sun. Ice may there- tute of France, whose principal object is, to
fore be procured in the tropical climates, measure the length of the pendulum at
and even atsea, with very little trouble, and Greenwich, Edinburgh, and the Orkneys.
no sort of risk or inconvenience. A new and ingenious instrument, called
In the Bath Literaryand Philosophical the Colorigrade, has lately been constructed
Society, the Rev. Mr Wright has described by M. Biot, for giving names to different
a very ingeniousmethod of working a ship's colours, according to the place which they
pump by mechanical means, whenthe crew occupy in Newton's scale. By this means
are too few in number to attend to that du- colours may be described accurately and
ty, and particularly in a heavy gale . It was scientifically.
used by Capt.Leslie in June last, during a A new species of resin from India, has
voyage from Stockholm to America , when been analysed by J. F. Daniell, Esq . F.R.S.
the crew were exhausted withpumping, and It consists of
the ship was sinking. He fixed a spar a- Extractive matter soluble in water , 0.4
loft, one end of which was ten or twelve feet Resin soluble in alcohol and ether, 62.6
above the top of his pumps, and the other Resin insoluble in alcohol and ether, 37.0
extremity projected over the stern ; to each
end of the-spar he fastened a block : he then 100.0
fastened a rope to the spears of hispump, It forms a very admirable varnish, which is
and after passing it through both pulleys a- not only highly transparent, but bears the
long the spar, dropped it into the sea astern : heat of the warmest climate without crack
to this end he fastened a cask of 110 gallons ing or changing colour.
measurement, and containing 60 or 70 gal- Mr Pond, the astronomer royal, has dis.
lons of water,which answered as a balance covered in the stars a Aquilæ & Lyræ, and
weight : and the motion of the ship madea Cygni, a constant parallax of half a se
the machinery work. When the stern of cond ; but he is disposed to ascribe it to
some other cause thanthat of the ordinary
the ship descended, or any agitation of the
parallax . Dr Brinkley of Dublin found
water raised the cask , the pump-spears de-
the parallax to be two seconds.
scended , and the contrary motion raised the
spear, and the water flowed out. The ship A stone is said to have been lately found.
was thus cleared in four hours, at Pompeii, on which the linear measures
At a meeting of the commissioners ap- of the Romans are engraved.
pointed to manage the yearly grant of The Congo sloop of war is arrived at
£ 10,000, voted by Parliament for finishing Deptford. Several largecases, containing
the college of Edinburgh, the plan of Mr thenatural productions of Africa, collected
W. Playfair being adopted, the prize of 100 in the late expedition to the Congo, have
guineas was adjudged to that gentleman. been sent to Sir Joseph Banks, forthe pur
According to MrPlayfair's plan , the exter . pose of being assorted in their respective
ior of the building, as originally planned byclasses : many ofthem are of akind hither
Adams, is to be retained with verylittle al. to unknown, and the whole will shortly be
teration ; but there will be a total departure
submitted to the inspection ofthe public.
from the internal arrangements. The south- Mr Murray has succeeded in fusing two
ern side of the quadrangle is to be occupied emeralds intoone uniform mass ; also two
almost entirely by the library, which will sapphires into one, by the compressed mix
be 190 feet long , and one of the most ele- ture of the gaseous constituents of water in
gant rooms in the kingdom . The western the oxihydrogen blow pipe.
side is to be appropriated to the museum , Mr Locateli, the celebrated mathema
and the other two sides are to be occupied tician of Milan, has invented a new piece
chiefly as class rooms. of mechanism (says a Paris paper ), bymeans
A new mode of giving additional strength of which vessels may ascend rivers without
to ironand steel, is proposed by Mr Daniell. the assistance of a steam -engine. The first
His plan is to twistmetal in the same man- experiment, which was made on a small
ner as strength and compactness are given boat, completely succeeded. The inventor
to hemp and flax . asserts, that his plan is applicable even to a
The trigonometricalsurvey of Great Bri. man of war, andthat it will secure her from
tain , under the direction of the Ordnance the danger of shipwreck. The strength of
Board , proceedswithoutinterruption. The a single man , or at most that of a horse, is
maps of three-fifths of England and Wales sufficient to put this machine in motion .
are already completed. In the course of
88 Works Preparing for Publication . [ April
WORKS PREPARING FOR PUBLICATION.

LONDON .
THE Journal of the late Captain Tuckey, A new edition of Dr Thomson's System
on a Voyage of Discovery into the Interior of Chemistryis in the press, and will speed
of Africa, to explore the Source of the ily be published. The work will be en
Zaire, or Congo--- with a Survey of that tirely remodelled, and will be comprised in
river beyond the cataracts will soon be fouroctavo volumes.
published by authority. The second edition of Mr Murray's Ele
The Plays and Poems of James Shirley, ments of Chemical Science is in the press,
now first collected and chronologically arrang- and will be forthwith published. This edi.
ed , and the text carefully collated and restor- tion will contain a succinct and lucid view
ed, with occasional Notes, and a Biographical of those important and beautiful discoveries
and Critical Essay, are preparing for pub- which have illuminated the rapid and bril.
fication ; by William Gifford, Esq. ; hand. liant march of chemistry.
somely printed by Bulmer, in 6 vols 8vo. Dr Spurzheim's newwork, entitled, Ob.
uniformly with Massinger and Ben Jonson. servations on the Deranged Manifestations
Specimens of the British Poets, with of the Mind, or Insanity , is in the press.
Biographical and Critical Notices, and an In a few weeks will be published , a new
Introductory Essay on British Poetry, are work , entitled , Boarding-school Correspon
preparing for press ; by Thomas Camp- dence, or a Series of Letters between a Mo
bell, Esq. author of the Pleasures of Hope, ther and her Daughter at School; a joint
& c. In 4 vols post 8vo. production of Mrs Taylor, author of " Ma.
Mr A. J. Valpy has in the press a new ternal Solicitude ,” « Practical Hints to
edition of the Greek Septuagint,in one large Young Females,” & c. and of Miss Taylor,
vol. 8vo. The text is taken from the Ox. author of “Display,' Essays in Rhyme,"
ford edition of Bos, without contractions. &c.
Also , a new edition of Homer's Iliad , from The Memoirs of John Duke of Marl .
the text of Heyne, with English notes, in- borough, chiefly drawn from his private
cluding many from Heyne and Clarke ; one correspondence and the family documents
vol. 8vo.- And Catullus, with English preserved at Blenheim , as well as fromother
notes ; by T. Forster, Esq. Jun. 12mo. authentic sources, never before published,
A work of Biblical Criticism on the Books are preparing with all speed by Wm Coxe,
of the Old Testament, and Translations of archdeacon of Wilts.
Sacred Songs, with Notes critical and ex. An Account of the Island of Java ; by
planatory, will soon.appear ; by Samuel Thomas Stamford Raffles, Esq. late lieu
Horsley , LL.D. F.R.S. F.A.S. late lord numerou
tenant.governor there. With a map and
s plates, by Daniel.
bishop of Asaph.
In the course of this month will be pub . Pompeiana, or Observations on the To.
lished, a Treatise touching the Libertie of pography, Edifices,and Ornaments, of Pom
a Christian Man ; written in Latin, by Dr peii ; by Sir W. Gell and J. P. Gandy,
Martyne Luther, and translated by James Esq. with numerous engravings, are in the
Bell ; imprinted by R. Newberry and H. press.
Bynneman , 1579 ; dedicated “ to Lady Mr Mill's long expected History of Bri
Anne, Countesse of Warwicke ;" with the tish India is now in the press, and will be
celebrated Epistle from M. Luther to Pope published in three 4to volumes.
Leo X. : edited by W. B. Collyer, D.D. Journey through Asia Minor, Armenia ,
F.A.S. and dedicated (by permission) to the and Koordistan, in the years 1813 and 1814 ;
Duke of Sussex . with Remarks on the Marches of Alexan .
Mr Joseph Lancaster has printed pro- der, and the retreat of the Ten Thousand ;
posals for publishing, by subscription, in by John Macdonald Kenneir, Esq. 4to.
one volume octavo , a Matter -of-fact Ac- Early this present month will be publish
count of many singular and providential ed, a Narrative of a Voyage to Hudson's
Events, which have occurred in his public Bay, in his Majesty's ship Rosamond ; con
and private Life. taining some account of the North Eastern
J. E. Bicheno, Esq. will soon publish an Coast of America , and of the Tribes inha .
biting that remote region ; illustrated with
Inquiry into the Nature ofBenevolence, prin-
cipally with a view to elucidate the moral plates ; by Lieut. Edward Chappell, R.N.
and political Principles of the Poor Laws. A work on the Principles of Political
Mr W. Savage, printer , of London, has Economy and Taxation, is preparing by
issued proposals for publishing, by sub- David Ricardo, Esq.
scription, Practical Hints on Decorative An Authentic Narrative is preparing of
Printing, with specimens, in colours, en- the Loss of the American brig Commerce,
graved on wood ; containing instructions wrecked on the western coast of Africa , in
for forming black and coloured printing the month of August 1815 ; with an Ac
inks — for producing fine press-work - and count of the sufferings and captivity of her
for printing in colours. surviving officers and crew, on the great
1817. ) Works Preparing for Publication . 89
African Desert ; by James Riley, her late guishing by a star such as are not contain
master and supercargo . ed in the Thes. as published by H. Steph.
We are happy to announce, that the con- All the arrangements being now completed
tinuationof the State Trials to the present by the very recent arrival of Professor
time, edited by Thomas Jones Howell, Esq. Schæfer's copious MS. materials, which the
is in course of publication. The first va editors have purchased at considerable ex
lume, which has just appeared , comprises pense, the work will proceed without de
the period from1783 to 1793, and contains lay, and the editors' confidently expectthat
manycases of the highest interest and im they will be ableto announce the publica
portance . We understand that, for the tion of the third number very speedily.
accommodation of such persons as possess Thetwo first numbers contain about 2000
Hargrave's State Trials, a separate title words omitted by Stephens. A learned pu
page has been printed so as to render “ the pil of Lenneps is now engagedintranscrib
Continuation " applicable to that as well as ing the notes of Ruhnken and Valkenaer,
to the octávo edition ; as , by a curious co- written on the margin of a Leyden Scapula.
incidence, the folio and the octavo editions The editors havecarefully perused the parts
terminate at nearly the same period .- By already published , for thepurpose of ascer
this very admirable mode of publication, taining any typographical errors, and in .
those who wish to possess the modern State tend to follow Stephens' example in sub
Trials, either as a separate work or as a scribing to the General Index a complete
supplement to either of the collections, may
list of errata.
beprovided with itaccordingly. Mr T. Moore has in the press, and will
Algebra of the Hindus, with Arithmetic speedily publish , Lalla Rookh , an ori
and Mensuration ; translated from the Sans-
ental romance. Oriental imagery seems to
crit, by H. T. Colebrooke, Esq . 4to. be so admirably adapted to the style and
No II. of the new and enlarged edition genius of Mr Moore, that we form high
of H. Stephens' Greek Thesaurus, is just expectations of the merit and interest of
published . To this number is added an this work .
Index of all the words which are discussed A volume of Comic Dramas ; by Miss
in this and the previous number, distina Edgeworth .
EDINBURGH.
Essay on theTheory of the Earth ; trans- Mandeville ; a Domestic Story of the
lated from the French of M. Cuvier ; with Seventeenth Century ; by the author of Ca.
Mineralogical Notes, and an account of Cu- leb Williams, 3 vols 12mo.
vier's Geological Discoveries, by Professor Travels from Vienna through Lower
Jameson ; the third edition, with numerous Hungary, with some account of Vienna
additions, 8vo. during the Congress ; by Richard Bright,
On the Nature and Necessity of the A. M.D. 4to , with engravings.
tonement ; by the Rev. William Stevenson , Mr Hugh Murray is preparing for the
minister of the gospel, Ayr, 12mo. press thelate Dr Leyden's Historical Ac
A volume of Practical Sermons ; by the count of Discoveries and Travels in Africa,
Rev. David Dickson , New North Church , enlarged and continued , with a view of the
Edinburgh, is in course of preparation for present State of that Continent.
the press. Reports of some recent Decisions by the
The Secret and True History of the Consistorial Court of Scotland, in Actions
Church of Scotland, from the Restoration of Divorce, concluding for Dissolution of
Marriages celebrated under the English law ;
to the year 1678 ; by the Rev. James Kirk.
by J. Fergusson, Esq. 8vo.
ton ; with notes, and a biographical memoir
of the author, will speedily appear. The The Edinburgh Gazetteer, or Geographi
work willcontain original anecdotes and in cal Dictionary comprising a Complete
teresting details, not elsewhere to be found ; Body of Geography, physical, political, sta
the more valuable, as Kirkton was himself tistical, and commercial ; 6 vols Svo, with
an eye and ear witness of many of the facts atlas, by Arrowsmith, 4to.
which he records, and a distinguished suf- A new General Atlas will speedily be
ferer in the presbyterian cause, during a published, in royal quarto ,constructed from
part of Charles II.'s reign ; by Mr Charles the latest authorities ; by A. Arrowsmith,
Kirkpatrick Sharpe. hydrographer to the Prince Regent : it will
Trials for Sedition in Scotland, before be comprehended in fifty -three maps, from
the High Court of Justiciary ; reported by original drawings, engraved in the best
Mr Dow , W. S. 8vo. style, by Sydney Hall.
Dramatic Tales ; by the author of the Memoirs of the most remarkable Passages
Poetic Mirror, 2 vols 12mo. in the Life of Sir James Turner, knight,
The Spirit of the Isle, and other Poems ; from the commencement of his Military
by W. M. Fowler, 8vo. 58. Career in Germany, in 1632, till his Trial
A View of the History of Scotland, from before the Privy Council in 1668 ; written
the earliest Records to the Rebellion in the by himself. Published from the original
year 1745 ; in a series of letters, 3 vols 8vo. manuscript ; with a portrait,8vo.
VOL . I. M
90 Monthly List of New Publications, [ April

MONTHLY LIST OF NEW PUBLICATIONS .

LONDON.
ANTIQUITIES. French and English Dialogues ; written
The unedited Antiquities of Attica : com. for the use of the Countess ofSefton's Chil .
prising the Architectural Remains of Eleu . dren ; by Miss Dickenson. 2s. 6d.
sis, Rhamnus, Sunium , and Thoricus ; by The First Step to the French Tongue,
the Dilettanti Society ; imperial folio , with designed as an easy Introduction to, and
84 engravings. £10, 10s. consisting entirely of, the Verbs, with prac
BIOGRAPHY . tical Exercises ; by A. Picquot. Is. 6d.
Memoirs of the Life and Doctrines of the Latin Exercises ; by J. Whittaker, 12mo.
late John Hunter , Esq. founder of the Hun- 3s.
terian Museum at the Royal College of Sur. Dictionary of French Homonymes ; by
geons, Glasgow ; by J. Adams, M.Ö. 12s.6d. T. Harmond, 12mo. 35.
Lives of the British Admirals ; by J. The French Scholar's First -Book ; by M.
Campbell. Vol. VII. and VIII. 8vo, le Breton , 12mo. 2s.
£1 , 4s. ; royal 8vo, £1 , 10s. A Dictionary of Nouns, or Alvearium of
Historical Anecdotes of some of the How- Definitions ; by Ralph Sharp. 28. 6d .
ard Family, 8vo. 78. Fifth Annual Report of the National So
Memoirs of the Life and Writingsof the ciety for the Education of the Poor in
late Dr Lettsom , & c. ; by T. J. Pettigrew , the Principles of the Established Church
F.L.S. 3 vols 8vo. £1 , 16s. throughout England and Wales. 5s.
Memoirs of the Life and Writings of the Virgil, with English Notes at the end,
Rev. Claudius Buchanan, D.D. late Vices including many from the Delphini and other
Provost of the College of Fort William in editions . 75. 6d.
Bengal ; by the Rev. Hugh Pearson of St A Second Edition of Valpy's Edition of
John's College ,Oxford, 2 vols 8vo. £ l. Is. Virgil, without Notes. 4s.bound.
Life and Studies of Benjamin West, Esq .; Epitome Sacræ Historiæ , with English
by John Galt, 8vo. 7s. Notes. 2s. bound .
BOTANY. Stephen's Greek Thesaurus, No II.
Pomona Britannica : by George Brook- The Art of Talking with the Fingers, for
shaw , Part X. royal 4to . £ 1, 1s. the use of the Deaf and Dumb. ls.
DRAMA . An Introduction to the Method of Incre
Manuel, a Tragedy ; by the Author of ments, & c.; by Peter Nicholson, 8vo. 8$.
Bertram . 4s. 6d . The Book of Versions, or Guide to French
Laou -Seng -Urh, or an Heir in his Old Translation and Construction ; by J. Cher
Age ; a Chinese Drama, translated from the pilloud, 12mo. 3s. 6d. bound.
original Chinese by J. F. Davis, Esq. of A Modern French Grammar ; by Charles
Canton ; to which is prefixed, a brief View Peter Whitaker, 18mo. 6s. 6d.
of the Chinese Drama, and of their Theatri. Elementary Fortification ; by Lieut - Col.
cal Exhibitions. 58. 6d. Pasley, 3 vols 8vo. £ 3.
Frightened to Death ; a Musical Farce, Education in Public Schools ; containing
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The Theatrical Inquisitor and Monthly Edinburgh Review — the Classical Journal
Mirror, No 55. -the Pamphleteer and also, Dr Vincent's
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EDUCATION, FINE ARTS .
Fairy Tales, or Stories of Fable and Fic- Composition in Outline from Hesiod's
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works of Goose, Bunch , Oberon, Mab, & c. engraved by J. Blake, from designs by John
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The Elegant Girl, or Virtuous Principles the Outlines from Homer, &c.
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coloured prints . 16s. letter-press descriptions in English and
Moral Culture attempted, in a series of French. 15s.
Lectures to Sunday Schools in Birmingham ; Day-light; a recent Discovery in the Art
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trated by technical and geographical anno- prising the Life of the Arabian Prophet,
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gravings ; by the Hydrographer of the Ną. ed by the Muhammedan arms, &c.; by
yal Chronicle. £2, 2s, and £1 , ls. Chas. Mills, Esq. 8vo. 12s.
1817.) Monthly List of New Publications. 91
History of Brazil, Vol. II. ; by Robert Principal Causes of Mortality among Chil.
Southey , Esq. 4to. £ 2, 10s. dren . * 2s. 6d .
The History of the Wars, from the Considerations on the Moral Management
French Revolution to the Battle of Water- of Insane Persons ; by J. Haslam , M.D. 3s.
lov in 1815. Part I. 2s. MISCELLANIES .
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ing of Authentic Memoirs and Original I. D’Israeli. 128.
Letters of eminent Persons, and intended as The Second Part of Neale's Illustrated
aSequel to the Literary Anecdotes of the History of Westminster Abbey, imp. folio
Eighteenth Century , by John Nichols, (to correspond with the large paper of the
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 90 Register - Foreign Intelligence. [April
MONTHLY REGISTER .

FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE .

Europe. tion of the opinion of the Duke of Welling

ton , are the sole causes of the relief thus af
forded France.
FRANCE
In the Chamber of Deputies the minis
In the Chamber of Deputies, on the 8th ters were left in a minority of 89 to 108, on
January, the Election Law , consisting of the important question of what wewould
twenty Articles, was passed by a majority call the Navy Estimates. The ministerof
of 132 against 100. The main question for thatdepartment had calculated upon a grant
discussion was, Shallthe Deputies becho- of 50,000,000 of francs. He had already
Ben by the electors directly, or shall the appropriated upwards of 48,000,000 ; but
great body of electors name a certain num- the commission appointed to report upon
ber from among themselves, by whom the the loan recommended 44,000,000, and this
Deputies shall be chosen ? By this law sum was carried by the numbers above cit .
the Deputies are to be chosen directly by ed. The Chamber has at length finally
the electors in one single assembly, as in agreed to the budget by a majority of 47.
England. All Frenchmen who have at . The total expenditure of that country is fix
tained the age of thirty, and pay 300 francs ed at about £ 45,000,000 sterling.
of taxes per annum , are to be allowed to Jan. 15.-The king has created a large
vote . number of knights of St Michael, for the
A royal ordinance, dated the 8th of Jan. purpose of distinguishing men who have
uary, contains the following article: “ Every rendered themselves celebrated in literature,
Vessel, whether French or Foreign, which science , and the arts, or by useful discover
shall attempt to introduce into any of our ies. This does great honour to the king.
colonies Blacks for sale, shall be confiscated ; It is the only order of knighthood , we be
and if French ,the captain shall be held in- lieve in Europe, that pays such a tribute of
capable of holding a command. ” honour and respect to those who may well
The Houses of Lafitte of Paris, Barings be called the benefactors of mankind.
of London , Parish of Hamburgh , and Hopes Application it is said has been made by
of Amsterdam , have taken upon themselves the French government to our ministers, for
the advatice of the loan wanted by France, issuing the usual orders to our settlements,
which is 12,000,000 British , or 300,000,000 for giving facility to an expedition under
of francs. Report adds, that one half will Mons. Freycinet, consistingof the Uranie fri
be required in money, and the other half in gate and a corvette, about to sail from France
provisions and clothing. The Gazette de to finish their survey of New Holland.
France states, thatthis loan was finally sign- The price of provisions at Boulogne is
ed on the 13th February. thus given , in a letter from an officer to his
On the 9th of January, M. de Serre friend at Christchurch, dated the 5th March .
brought up the report of the Committee on A leg of mutton from 7 £d. to 8d . per lib . ;
the law relative to personal liberty. It is beef and pork , 7d ; inferior sorts, 5d. ;
amodification of that of last year, and en- poultry very dear ; wildfowl cheap ; a good
ables the crown to confine, under specific widgeon or wild duck, from 6d. to 9d . ; a
forms, persons suspected of conspiring or pair of very good soles, 10d. which is con
attempting the overthrow of the established sidered dear ; a turbot, from 8 lb. to 10 16 .
constitution. After a debateof several days for 2s 6d. or 3s. ; 26 eggs for 10d ; ve
this law was carried in the Chamber of De- getables very cheap : all articles of living
puties by 136 to 92. are one-third dearer than in June 1816 .
In the Chamber of Deputies the debate In the Chamber of Deputies, March 5th ,
on the law respecting the public journals is 4,000,000 francs were appropriated from
terminated . It was voted by a majority of the revenue arising from the sale of the na
128 against 89. All the journals of France tional forests for the support of the church .
arethus rendered dependent upon the king's On the law respecting the customs,ministers
authority, by which any of them maybe had a majority of 134. This actis intend.
immediately suppressed. ed to exclude, by heavy duties, the import
By the first April 30,000 of the allied of cottons, sugar, and iron.
troops, being one fifth of the whole , will The Moniteur of the 22d March contains
quit theFrench territory. The official note the new law relating to bills of exchange,
of the four plenipotentiaries of Austria, as passed by the two Chambers, and sanc
England, Prussia , and Russia, declares, tioned by the royal assent. It enacts, that
That the high personal character of the the holder of a bill of exchange, drawn on
king, and the principles and conduct of his the Continent or islands of Europe, and pay
present ministry, together with the sanc- able in the European territories of France,
 1817.] Register. - Foreign Intelligence. 97
whether payable at sight, or at one or more were not permitted to return to their holy
days or months, or usages at sight, must duties before a month or six weeks. This
demand payment or acceptance within six measure was arbitrary ; but during the whole
months from its date, on forfeiture of all reign of Napoleon, the name of the Prince
claim upon the endorsers, or even the draw . ' ear
de Broglie
.
never once reached the public
er, if the latter has made provision for it.
March 26.-CHAMBER OF PEERS.
The Duke of Richelieu and the Duke of SPAIN .
Feltre were introduced. The former de- Thestrict prohibition of journals publish
livered to the president his majesty's pro ed in England or the Netherlands, which
clamation, conceived in the following had for some time been suspended, is re
terms : newed with great severity , probably on ac
Louis, by the Grace of God, & c. count of the popular discontent manifested
The session for 1816 of the Chamber of at some late acts of the government. The
Peers and theChamber of Deputies is and frequent arrest for political offences is said
remains closed . to be regarded with particular disgust.
(Signed ) Louis. Letters from Spain of the 4th Feb. state,
Thuilleries, March 26, 1817. that in consequence of a new impost levied
The Chamber broke up immediately af- on charcoal at Valencia , which bore very
ter the proclamation had been read . hardon the poor in the winter season , the
people murmured , and at last deputed com
NETHERLANDS . missioners to wait on the governor ( Elio)
Intelligence has been received at Amster- with their complaints. Instead of listening
dam , that the Dutch commissioners receiv- to them , Elio put the commissioners in
ed the island of Javafrom the English on berated
prison ; the people rushed to arms, and li .
the 19th of August. governor
them ; and the , in his
On the 19th of February , at Brussels, turn, was obliged to fly to the citadel. The
the Princess of Orange was delivered of a insurgents kept possession of the city all
son , who is to take the title of Duke of the 17th January; but on the 18th , sup
Brabant. plies of troops arriving, they were over
The States General have finally rejected a powered , and the governor liberated. He
proposition for prohibiting the exportation attempted to put to death some of the riot
of grain . ers without trial, but the judges of the
The Dutch papers communicate a mea- High Court of Justice declared , they could
sure calculated to injure , if not to ruin , the allow no citizens to be executed without a
tradeat Antwerp. A toll isordered tobe col- trial. The governor threatened to imprison
lected upon all vessels entering or ving the the judges. The citizens were emboldened
Scheldt, in addition to the custom -house du- by this vigorous conduct of the judges, and
ties. Its weight is represented as incompati- affairs wore so serious an aspect, that Elio
ble, not onlywith any prosperous commerce , posted off to Madrid to laythe matter be
but with any other intention than that of des« fore the king.
troying it, for the toll is seven times greater The report of some commotions having
than the freight of goods brought from a arisen inValencia, agrees very well with
short distance England for instance. The what we know of the present state of popu
king has been petitioned for its removal, lar feeling in Spain , viewed in connection
and the latest reports give reason to believe with such instancesas the following, of the
that the application has been successful. cruelty of their semi-barbarous government.
66
The episcopal Prince de Broglie at Ghent, Pamplona, Feb. 10th . On the 2d , 3d,
still occupies the public attention, by refus- and 4th of this month, and in the prison of
ing to acknowledge the temporal supremacy this city, the torture was inflicted on Captain
of the crown . Shortly after BONAPARTE Olivan , who for this purpose was brought
assumed the imperial diadem, this prelate down from the citadel, where he had been
ventured to act upon the same principle ; confined during eight months, merely be
but the Emperor, as jealous as himself of cause he was suspected of disaffection to
his authority, conveyed orders to M.d'Hou- government. Amidst the most excruciating
DELOT , the prefect, and to M. d'ERLA- pangs, no other than energetic declarations
BURATH, the general of division ,to put the of his own innocence were heard, as well as
bishop under military arrest, and to com- of that of more than thirty other officers
pose a regiment of the numerous seminarists confined with him under similar circum
who embrace the orthodox tenets of their stances .
unbending pastor. This ridiculous scene The English government lately solicited ,
really took place. The youths “ 6 un peu that a field in the neighbourhood of Tarra
gauches, ” in their black robes, were march . gona, in which 300 English soldiers and
ed to the place publique ; and, in the pre- some officers fell gloriously defending that
sence of an immense multitude, were march- fortress, should not be cultivated, or other
ed and countermarched, and taught all the wise disturbed, offering to purchase it : but
evolutions of military discipline by corporals the city of Tarragona, emulating the feeling
and serjeants of the national guard. In the of our government, nobly made a present of .
night they were quartered in barracks, and the ground.
VOL . I. N
98 Register.Foreign Intelligence. [April
Previous to the 18th Feb. a great number manner : First, a fixed donation to the Ro .
of persons had been executed at Madrid, man academy of archeology of 600 crowns.
under charges of treason against the person Second, 1070 crowns to foundannual prizes,
and authority of the sovereign. Nothing and a triennial prize for sculpture painting
yethas transpired concerning the fate of the and architecture, which the young artists of
unfortunate Arguelles and his companions, Rome and the Roman states only are com
who have been transported to a desert island petent to obtain . Third , 100 crowns to the
of the Mediterranean. To those who know academy of St Lue. Fourth, 120 crowns
the true character of the present Spanish to the academy of the Lynx ; and fifth ,
government, it will be no matter of surprise 1010 crowns to relieve poor, old , and in
if this notice conclude their history . firm artists residing in Rome.
An edict for the prohibition of certain Foreign papers,dated in March, reckon
books, divided into two principal classes, above 800 English families to be resident
was published at Madrid on the 2d of in the three cities of Florence, Leghorn,
March . In the first are comprehended and Pisa. The number of young English
those which are prohibited, even to theper- who are receiving their education in various
sons to whom the Inquisition may have schools in Italy may be estimated at 1500 .
granted licenses or particular permissions ; GERMANY .
the othered comprises works which
prohibit to such persons as havearenotonly
ob- By the new regulations in the Prussian
tained those licenses. The works of the dominions, heavy taxes are to be imposed
first class are eight in number, and are pro- upon English goods, while the manufactures
hibited as defamatory of the supreme au, of other countries are to be subject to small
thorityof the pope and clergy. - I'he second er duties. The continental system seems
prohibition falls upon forty -seven works, to have created manufacturers, who are now
which are described as full of a corrupt and in danger of being ruined by the competition
revolutionary spirit. In thislast class, M. of England.
De Constant’s Principles of Policy - La A German paper contains the following,
Croix's Elements of the Rights of the Peo- as it is asserted , accurate account of the
ple - Blanchard's Felix and Paulina - and Austrian army.
Adelaide and Theodore , or Letters on Edu Infantry , .349,200
cation ,-are included . Light Infantry ,mgom . 85,800
Cavalry , 75,000
ITALY. Artillery, mamman20,000
On the 15th of December, a catholic
priest proceeded on foot to the cathedral of Total,aww..530,000
Adria , in Lombardy, and returned thanks The king of Wirtemberg has abolished
for having attained his 110th year, without the censorship of the press ; and by conci
infirmities or sickness ! He was accompani- liatory firmness towards his people, is likely
ed by an immense concourse of people, and to become one of the most popular sove
chanted the cathedral service in a firm , reigns in Europe. The States were opened
manly, and dignified voice. on the 3d March , at Stutgard , by the king
The German papers have brought us a in person, when the project of the new con .
document of greater importance than usual, stitution was presented to that body. It
in the shape of a new constitution for Sicily. consists of 337 articles, and is highly fa
That interesting portion of Europe has lost vourable to the liberty of the subject.
nothing by the restoration of the legitimate
sovereign to the throne of his ancestors. SWEDEN .
The king of Naples, unlike his namesake By the latest accounts, the present go,
and cousin the sovereign of Spain , has sig , vernment of this country appears to stand
nalized his restoration by confirming and on very slippery ground ; and something
extending the blessings of a free constitu . more than even all the characteristic pru
tion . dence and worldly wisdom of Bernadotte
The emigration of our countrymen to will be required to support him on the Scans
Italy is so extensive , that 400 English fam- dinavian throne. - Stockholm , March 18 :
ilies now reside at Naples alone. alarming reports ofa political nature have
Between 500 and 600 English are now arisen . One Lindhorne, a publican , de.
resident at Rome, including branches from nounced , on the 13th , certain seditious
the noble families of Devonshire, Jersey, language which he had overheard. The
Westmoreland , Lansdown, Beresford, King, affair, of which the object was no less than
Cowper, Compton , Dunstanville , Denbigh , a total subversion of the present order ofgo
Carnarvon, and Breadalbane. Thedutchess vernment, has immediately given rise to the
of Devonshire gives partiesevery week, and strictest investigation , and has appeared
is agreat patroness of the fine arts. sufficiently important to induce all the high
Canova.--The pope had attached to the colleges ( or public boards), and deputations
title of Marquis of Ischia, which he confer- of the armed force ,—the nobility , the citi.
red on the sculptor Canova , an annual pen- zens of Stockholm , and the peasants,-to
sion of 3000 crowns. This celebrated artist wait on the Crown Prince, and assure him
has disposed of this revenue in the following of their fidelity and attachment.
 1817.) Register. - Foreign Intelligence." 99
RUSSIA. consideration of Congress. On the subject
By an ukase of the EmperorAlexander, of finance the president expresses much sa
the 'male population of Poland has, with tisfaction. The actual receipts of the re
few exceptions, been made liable to the mi. venue during 1816 are said to amount to
litary conscription, from twenty to thirty about 47,000,000 of dollars, and the pay
years of age. A rescript to the governor of ments to only 38,000,000 ; thus leaving a
Cherson ,in favour of the Duchobooze, a surplus in the treasury, at theclose of the
sect of dissenters from the Greek Church , year, of about 9,000,000 of dollars. The
is highly honourable to the humane feelings aggregate of the funded debt, on the 1st
and enlightened views of this monarch . January 1817, is estimated not to exceed
110,000,000 of dollars, the ordinary annual
TURKEY expenses of government are taken at less
Letters from Constantinople of the 1st than 20,000,000, and the permanent re
February state, that the British minister is venue at 25,000,000. The state of the cur
still in negotiation relative to the affairs of rency and the establishment of the national
the Ionian Islands, of which the divan per- bank are then noticed ; and Mr Madison
tinaciously refuses to acknowledge the in- concludes this moderate and well-written
dependence. Yet it was not unknown at dooument, by referring to the near approach
Constantinople, that General Maitland had ofthe period at whichhe is to retire from
arrived at Corfu, and had convoked the public service, and with animated expres
Grand Senate to pronounce definitely on sions of satisfaction at the tranquillity and
the administration or organization of the prosperity of the country.
state. If wemay credit letters from Vienna, It is pleasing to observe the facility with
inserted in the Paris papers, it would seem which useful institutions are adopted , under
that the Porte has to contend with a rebel- the harmony at present subsisting among
| lious subject in the person of the Pacha of mankind. The Provident or Saving Banks,
Bagdad, who having been formally deposed whichhave been established so beneficially
bya firman from Constantinople, refused to in Britain, are likely tobe soon very gene
resign his power, and acknowledge his suc- rally resorted to in the United States. The
cessor.- It is also stated in the same jour- plan was in progress at Boston before the
nals, that the Pacha of Egypt, the most close of 1816 , and was countenanced by a
powerful of the Turkish governors in the large body of the state legislature.
Mediterranean, is preparing to dispute the From the report of the late secretary to
sovereignty of that province with the Otto- the treasury, it appears that the gross revenue
man Porte. for the year 1816amounted to 59,403,978 ,
and the expenditure to 38,745,799 dollars,
America , leaving an excess of receipts, amounting to
20,658,179, exclusive of the sum in the
treasury on the 1st of January 1816.
UNITED STATES . A bill has been brought into Congress, to
The president of the United States trans- prevent citizens of the United States from
subjects of any
mitted to both Houses of Congress, on the selling vessels of war to the
4th December, a message by Mr Todd, his foreign power, and more effectually to pre.
secretary, of which we can only give the vent thearmingand equipping of vessels of
general outline. It begins by noticing the war intended to be used against nations in
partial failure of the crops, the depression amity with the United States. This bill is
ofparticular branches of manufactures, and supposed tobe chiefly directed against the
of navigation ,-complains of the British insurgents of Spanish America, and to have
government for prohibiting a trade between been brought forward through the represen
its colonies and the United States in Ameri- tations of the Spanish minister.
rican vessels - notices the attack on the Ame- It has been officially announced , that Mr
rican flag by a Spanish ship of war, and Monro has been elected president, and Mr
the uncertain state of the relations with Tomkins vice -president, for the constitu .
Algiers - expresses much satisfaction at the tional term of four years from the 4th of
tranquillity that has been restored among last month .
the Indian tribes, and between these tribes An act of Congress has passed, by which
and the United States - recommends a re- all British vessels entering theports of the
organization of the militia, provision for the United States, from our colonial possessions,
uniformity of weights and measures, the are to be subjected to an additional duty of
establishment of a university within the dis- two dollars per ton . This proceeding is re
trict which contains the seat ofgovernment, sorted to, in consequence of the exclusionof
an amendment of the criminal law -- and the American shipping from our West India
suggests, that the regulations which were islands.
intended to guard against abuses in the It has been proposed, in the House of
slave trade should be rendered more effectu- Representatives , to reduce the peace estab .
al. The expediency of a re-modification of lishment to 5000 men , and also to repeal
the judiciary establishment, and of an addi. all the internal taxes .
tional department in the executive branch The exports from the United States, for
of the government, are recommended to the the year ending 30th September 1816,
102 Register.-- Proceedings of Parliament. [April

PROCEEDINGS OF PARLIAMENT.

Tuesday , 28th January.-- The Prince lation to believe , that you will find it prac
Regent came to the House of Lords with ticable to provide for the public service
theusual state at three o'clock,and opened of the year, without making any addition
the Session of Parliament with the following to the burdens of the people, and without
speech from the throne : adopting any measure injurious to that sys
My Lords and Gentlemen , tem , by which the public credit of the coun .
It is with the deepest regret that I am try has been hitherto sustained .
again obliged to announce to you, that no My Lords and Gentlemen ,
alteration has occurred in the state of his I have the satisfaction of informing you ,
Majesty's lamentedindisposition . that the arrangements which were made in
I continue to receive from Foreign Powers the last Session of Parliament, with a view
the strongest assurances of their friendly to a new silver coinage, have been completed
disposition towards this country, and of with unprecedented expedition.
their earnest desire to maintain the general I have given directions for the immediate
tranquillity. issue of the new coin , and I trust that this
The hostilities to which I was compelled measure will be productive of considerable
to resort, in vindication of the honour of the advantages to the trade and internal trans.
country, againstthe government of Algiers, actions of the country .
have been attended with the most complete The distresses consequent upon the ter
success . mination of a war of such unusual extent
The splendid achievement of his Majesty's and duration, have been felt, with greater
fleet, in conjunction with a squadron ofthe or less severity , throughout all the nations
King of the Netherlands, under the gallant of Europe, and have been considerably ag
and able conduct of Admiral Viscount Ex. gravated by the unfavourable state of the
mouth , led to the immediate and uncondi. season.
tional liberation of all Christian captives Deeply as I lament the pressure of these
then within the territory of Algiers, and to evils upon this country , I am sensible that
the renunciationby its government of the they are of a nature not to admit of an im
practice of Christian slavery. mediate remedy ; but whilst I observe with
I am persuaded, that you will be duly sen- peculiar satisfaction the fortitude with which
sible of the importance of an arrangement so many privations have been borne, and
so interesting to humanity, and reflecting, the active benevolence which has been em
from the manner in which it has been ac. ployed to mitigate them , I am persuaded
complished , such signal honour on the thatthe great sources of our national pro
British nation . sperity are essentially unimpaired, and I en
In India , the refusal of the Government tertain a confident expectation, that the na.
of Nepaul to ratifya treatyof peace which tive energy of the countrywill at no distant
had been signed by its Plenipotentiaries period surmount all the difficulties in which
occasioned a renewal of military operations. we are involved .
The judicious arrangements of the Go. In considering our internal situation, you ,
vernor- general, seconded bythe bravery and will, I doubt not, feel a just indignation at
perseverance of his Majesty's forces, and of the attempts which have been made to take
those of the East India Company, brought advantage of the distresses of the country,
the campaign to a speedy and successful for the purpose of exciting a spirit of sedi.
issue ; andpeace has been finally establish- tion and violence.
ed , upon the just and honourable terms of I am too well convinced of the loyalty
the original treaty : and good sense of the great body of his
Gentlemen of the House of Commons, Majesty's subjects, to believe them capable
I have directed the estimates of the cur- of being perverted by the arts which are
rent year to be laid before you. employed to seduce them ; but I am deter.
They have been formed upon a full con- mined to omit no precautions for preserving
sideration of all the present circumstances the public peace, and for counteracting the
of the country, with an anxious desire to designs of the disaffected : and I rely with
make every reduction in our establishments the utmost confidence on your cordial sup
which the safety of the empire and sound port and co -operation, in upholding asys
policy allow . tem of law and government, from which we
I recommend the state of the public in. have derived inestimable advantages, which
come and expenditure to your early and se- has enabled us to conclude, with unexam.
rious attention . pled glory, a contest whereon depended the
I regret tobe under the necessity of in- best interests of mankind, and which has
forming you, that there has been a deficien- been hitherto felt by ourselves, as it is ac
cy in the produce of the revenue in the last knowledged by other nations, to be the most
year ; but I trust that it is to be ascribed perfect that has ever fallen to the lot of any
to temporary causes ; and I have the conso- people.
1817.) Register.-- Foreign Intelligence. 101
CEYLON.- Thedutch planters ofCeylon deed , that the mortality was entirely owing
have adopted some judicious regulations for to the land journey beyond these rapids,
the gradual abolition of slavery;all children and that Captain Tuckeydied of complete
bornof slaves, after the 12th ofAugust last, exhaustion after leaving the river, and not
are to be considered free, but to remain in from fever.
their master's house , and serve him for We lament to learn , that when the Doro
board , lodging, and clothing ; the males thy transport was at Cabendo, in the end of
till the age of 14, and the females till 12– October last, there were ten Portuguese
after which to be fully emancipated . ships in the port waiting for slaves, and two
CHINA. - Although no official intelligence from Spain.
has been received by government from Lord The Congo discovery vessel arrived at
Amherst, since his arrival at Pekin , yet Portsmouth from Bahia last month. The
there is reason to believe, from private ac- journal of the lamented Captain Tuckey is
counts from Canton , of the 17th November, said to describe the country he explored for
that the British embassy to that court has 226 miles, as a rocky desert, and thinly
entirely failed ; though it is impossible at peopled region, not worthy of further re
present to assign the reasons. Another cir- search .
cumstance mentioned in these letters, threat- March 29. - Information has just been
ens to produce still more unfortunate effects. received of the death of Major Peddie, be.
The Alceste British frigate, commanded by fore he reached the Niger. Lieutenant
Captain Maxwell, was fired at by the forts on Campbell is now the commanding officer ;
either side of the river; but the ship, being and, we understand, proceeded to carry
immediately moored within pistle shot of into execution the orders received by Major
one ofthem mounting forty guns, with two Peddie .
broadsides silenced both batteries. The ST HELENA. — The Orontes frigate,
Alcestewas then sufferedto proceed quietly which left St Helena onthe 4thJanuary,
to her destination ; and what is most singu- has brought to England Colonel Poniowski,
lar, up to the 17th November, not the the Polish officer who followed Bonaparte,
slightest notice had been taken of the affair and who was sometime since banished from
by thegovernor of Canton . that island to the Cape, for improper con
PERSIA ... The government of Persia, it duct ; and Lord Somerset has now sent him
is said , have applied for the permission of to Europe. Les Casasand his son have been
the British government to take British offi- also sent to the Cape in the Griffin sloop of
cers on half pay into their army, with a war, in consequence, it is said , of their
view of introducing modern tacticsinto the concerting a plan of correspondence with
military establishment of that country ; an France .
attack being apprehended on the part of A letter, addressed by order of Bonaparte
Russia . It is even stated in a letter from to Sir Hudson Lowe, governor of St Helena,
Calcutta , of the 15th October , that the by General Montholon , brought to this
Archduke Constantine has entered Persia country by Napoleon's usher of thecabinet,
at the head of 100,000 Russians ; but this M. St Santini, has been published , in
report as yet gains little credit in this coun- which the Ex -emperor loudly complains of
try. the rigorous manner in which he is treated
by Sir Hudson Lowe. But the conduct of
this officer was defended by Earl Bathurst,
africa . in the debate to which Lord Holland's late
motion on the subject gave rise , and the in
CONGO EXPEDITION. The detailed sinuations thrown out by Bonaparte against
accounts of the expedition to explore the the British government were very satisfac
river Congo, or Zaire, reached the Ad. torily repelled .
miralty some weeks ago. Melancholy as ISLE OF FRANCE .-- On the 25th of
the result has been, from the great mor- September, a great fire happened at Port
tality ofofficers and men , owing to the ex- Louis, which is said to have destroyed pro
cessive fatigue rather than to the effects of perty to the value of a million and a half
climate, the journals of Captain Tuckey, Sterling. Nineteen streets were entirely
and the gentlemen in thescientific depart- consumed, including hospitals, prisons, bar
ments, are, it is said , highly interesting and racks, magazines, and otherpublic build
satisfactory, as far as they go, and we be ings. The greater number of the unfortu .
lieve they extend considerably beyond the nate inhabitants have been reduced to abso
first rapid , or cataract. It would seem , in- lute poverty.
102 Register. Proceedings of Parliament. [April

PROCEEDINGS OF PARLIAMENT.

Tuesday, 28th January . - The Prince lation to believe, that you will find it prac
Regent came to the House of Lords with ticable to provide for the public service
the usual state at three o'clock,and opened of the year, without making any addition
the Session of Parliament with the following to the burdens of the people, and without
speech from the throne : adopting anymeasure injurious to that sys
My Lords and Gentlemen , tem , by which the public credit of the coun .
It is with the deepest regret that I am try has been hitherto sustained .
again obliged to announce to you , that no My Lords and Gentlemen ,
alteration has occurred in the state of his I have the satisfaction of informing you ,
Majesty's lamented indisposition . that the arrangements which were made in
I continue to receive from Foreign Powers the last Session of Parliament, with a view
the strongest assurances of their friendly to a new silver coinage, have been completed
disposition towards this country, and of with unprecedented expedition.
their earnest desire to maintain the general I have given directions for the immediate
tranquillity. issue of the new coin , and I trust that this
The hostilities to which I was compelled measure will beproductive of considerable
to resort, in vindication of the honour of the advantages to the trade and internal trans
country, againstthe government of Algiers, actions of the country.
have been attended with the most complete The distresses consequent upon the ter
success . mination of a war of such unusual extent
The splendid achievement of his Majesty's and duration , have been felt, with greater
fleet, in conjunction with a squadron of the or less severity, throughout all the nations
King of the Netherlands, under the gallant of Europe, and have been considerably ag
and able conduct of Admiral Viscount Ex. gravated by the unfavourable state of the
mouth , led to the immediate and uncondi . season .
tional liberation of all Christian captives Deeply as I lament the pressure of these
then within the territory of Algiers, and to evils upon this country , I am sensible that
the renunciation by its government of the they are of a nature not to admit of an im
practice of Christian slavery. mediate remedy ; but whilst I observe with
I am persuaded , that you will be duly sen- peculiar satisfaction the fortitude with which
sible of the importance of an arrangement so many privations have been borne, and
so interesting to humanity, and reflecting, the active benevolence which has been em .
from the manner in which it has been ac- ployed to mitigate them , I am persuaded
complished, such signal honour on the that the great sources of our national pro
British nation . sperity are essentially unimpaired, and I en.
In India , the refusal of the Government tertain a confident expectation , that the na.
of Nepaul to ratifya treaty of peace which tive energy of the country will at no distant
had been signed by its Plenipotentiaries period surmount all the difficulties in which
occasioned a renewal of military operations. we are involved.
The judicious arrangements of the Go- In considering our internal situation, you
vernor-general, seconded by the bravery and will, I doubt not, feel a just indignation at
perseverance of his Majesty's forces, and of the attempts which have been made to take
those of the East India Company, brought advantage of thedistresses of the country,
the campaign to a speedy and successful for the purpose of exciting a spirit of sedi.
issue ; and peace has been finally establish- tion and violence.
ed, upon the just and honourable terms of I am too well convinced of the loyalty
the original treaty. and good sense of the great body of his
Gentlemen of the House of Commons, Majesty's subjects , to believe themcapable
I have directed the estimates of the cur- of being perverted by the arts which are
rentyear to be laid before you . employed to seduce them ; but I am deter
They have been formed upon a full con- mined to omit no precautions for preserving
sideration of all the present circumstances the public peace, and for counteracting the
of the country, with an anxious desire to designs of the disaffected : and I relywith
make every reduction in our establishments the utmost confidence on your cordial sup
which the safety of the empire and sound port and co-operation, in upholding a sys
policy allow . tem of law and government, from which we
I recommend the state of the public in- have derived inestimable advantages, which
come and expenditure to your early and se- has enabled us to conclude, with unexam .
rious attention . pled glory, a contest whereon depended the
I regret to be under the necessity of in- best interests of mankind, and which has
forming you , that there has been a deficien- been hitherto felt by ourselves, as it is ac
cy in the produce of the revenue in the last knowledged by other nations, to be the most
year ; but I trust that it is to be ascribed perfect that has ever fallen to the lot of any.
to temporary causes ; and I have the conso. people.
1817. ) Register .- Proceedings of Parliament. 103

Lord SIDMOUTH, after strangers had ings, and recommend that nothing should
withdrawn, informed the House, that as the be said or done until the report of the Com
Prince Regent was returning from the mittee should be laid before theHouse. The
House and the carriage was passing in the atrocious outrage lately committed against
Park , at the back of the garden of Carleton the Prince Regent was certainly regarded
House, the glass of the carriage window with the utmost horror and reprobation by
had been broken by a stone , as some repre- an overwhelming majority of the nation ;
sented it, or by two balls fired from an air- and he felt it his duty to state, that the
gun , as others stated it, which appeared to present communication was not at all con
be aimed at his Royal Highness. nected with that outrage.
Both Houses examined witnesses on this After some general remarks by Lord
communication , and presented addresses to Grosvenor, Lord Holland, the Earl of
the Prince Regent. Liverpool, Earl Grey, and the Marquis of
The address on the speech from the Buckingham , the address was agreed to,
Throne was moved and seconded by the and thepapers on the table were ordered to
Earl of DARTMOUTH and Lord ROTHES be referred to -morrow to a committee of
in the House of Lords; and in the House Secrecy, consisting of eleven Lords, to be
of Commons by Lord VALLETORT and then chosen by ballot.
Mr Dawson . Earl GREY moved an a NEPAUL WAR.
mendment in the Lords, which was nega- Feb. 6.-The Earl of LIVERPOOL took
tived without a division ; and the original a review of the cause of this war, and of the
address was carried in the House of Com- operations which led to its successful termi
mons, in opposition to an amendment mov- nation, and moved that the thanks of the
ed by Mr PONSONBY, by a majority of House be given to the Most Noble the
152.
Marquis of Hastings, for the able and ju
dicious arrangements by which the war in
HOUSE OF LORDS. Nepaul had been brought to a successful
conclusion . The motion was agreed to ;
Monday, Feb. 3.- Lord SIDMOUTH after which , thanks were voted to Sir David
presented the following message, which was Ochterlony, and the troops under his com
read by the Lord Chancellor : “ His Royal mand .
Highness the Prince Regent, acting in the REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE OF
name and on the behalf of his Majesty , has SECRECY.
thought proper to order to be laid before Feb. 18 .-- The Earl of HARROWBY pre
the House of Lords, papers containing an sented the reportof the Secret Committee
account of certain meetings and combina- appointed to inquire into certain meetings
tions held in different parts of the country, and combinations endangering the public
tendingto the disturbance of the public tranquillity, which was laid on the table,
tranquillity, the alienation of the affections andordered to be takeninto consideration
of the people from his Majesty's person and on Friday, and that the House be summon
government, and to the overthrow of the ed for that day,
whole frame and system of the laws and SUSPENSION OF THE HABEAS CORPUS
constitution ; and his Royal Highness re ACT .
commends these papers to the immediate Feb. 21. - Lord SiDMOUTH introduced
and serious consideration of the House ." a bill, under the title of “ A bill to enable
THANKS TO LORD EXMOUTH. his Majesty to secure , and detain in custody ,
Lord MELVILLE, after taking a review such persons as his Majesty shall suspect of
of the cause, the mode, and the effects of the treasonable intentions against his Majesty's
expedition to Algiers, and paying a well- person and government.” His Lordship in
merited tribute of applause to the promp- timated , that it was thought most conveni
titude, skill, and gallantry, displayed in ent fortheir Lordships to discuss the prin
that memorable achievement, moved the ciple of the measure on the second reading
thanks of the House to Lord Exmouth , Sir of the bill, which he intended to propose
David Milne, and the officers, seamen , and should take place on Monday next. Read
marines ; and also to Admiral Capellen , a first time, and ordered to be read a second
and the officers and crews under his com . time on Monday.
mand ; which motions were unanimously Feb. 24. - Lord SIDMOUTH, after move
agreed to . ing the order of the day for the second read .
PRINCE REGENT'S MESSAGE. ing of the bill, observed , that whatever
Feb 4. — Lord SiDMOUTH rose to pro- differences of opinion might exist as to this
pose to their Lordships, an answer to the and other measures in contemplation, he
message which he had last night laid before was confident that no Noble Lord could
them from the Prince Regent. Their Lord. have read and reflected upon the report of
ships would, he had no doubt, concur in the Committee upon the table, without the
the address which he should have the hon- deepest regret, calculated as it was to shock
our to propose, as it would pledge their every feeling of loyalty to the Throne, and
Lordships to nothing except to an exami- of affection for the illustrious individual es -
nation of the evidence. He would refrain ercising its functions, and to cast a loat: -
from all reference to any ulterior proceed some stigma upon the character and dispe •
104 Register .Proceedings of Parliament. [ April
sition of the country. His Lordship then HOUSE OF COMMONS.
at great length commented on the leading PARLIAMENTARY REFORM-RULES TO
points of the report ; urged the necessity of BE OBSERVED IN PRESENTING PETI.
the measure for the preservation of the con . TIONS.
stitution and the salvation of the country ;
and concluded with moving, that the bill be Friday, Jan. 31. Sir FRANCIS BUR
now read a second time. DETT , having some petitions to present,
After an animated debate, protracted till praying for a Reform in the Representation
past two in the morning, the House divid- of that House, acknowledged that he had
ed . Contents 150 ; non - contents 35. The not felt it his duty to read them throughout,
bill was then committed , reported, read a but declared that he had read their prayer.
third time, passed, and ordered to be sent The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER
to the Commons. referred to the Speakertoknow whether the
PROTEST. Hon . Baronet had read the petition he was
Dissentient, Because it does not appear about to present, when
to us that, in the report of the Secret Com- The SPEAKER said , there were two clear
mittee, there has been stated such a case of points on this subject ; the first was , that it
imminent and pressing danger as may not was the duty of a Member to state the sub
be sufficientlyprovided against bythe powers stance of the petition he was about to pre
of the Executive Government under the ex sent ; secondly, it was the Member's duty
isting laws, and as requires the suspension to know if it was couched in respectful lan
of the most important security of theliberty guage ; if not, he departed from the line of
of the country . his duty in offering it. This was the estaba
AUGUSTUS FREDERICK , BEDFORD, lished practice of the House.
ALBEMARLE , FOLEY, SUNDRIDGE, Monday, Feb. 3. — Lord CASTLEREAGH
ALVANLEY, MONTFORD, Essex, presented a message from the Prince Re
LAUDERDALE , GREY, WELLESLEY, gent, similar to that presented in the House
THANET , GROSVENOR, AUCKLAND, of Lords.
St John, SAY AND SELE , Rosslyn, THANKS TO LORD EXMOUTH .
VASSAL HOLLAND. On themotion ofLord CASTLEREAGH ,
votes of thanks, similar to those voted in
OFFICE'S CONTRIBUTION BILL . the House of Lords, were agreed to .
COMMITTEE OF SECRECY.
Feb. 28.-
The House having gone into
a Committee on the Malt Duty , and Offices' Feb. 5.On the motion of Lord CAS
Contribution Bill, Lord REDESDALE rose, TLEREAGH, the House proceeded to ballot
pursuant to notice, to propose an amend. for theCommittee of Secrecy, and after the
ment. The bill contained a clause of a very prescribed forms were gone through,
peculiar description, stating, That whereas Mr BRODGEN appeared at the Bar with
his Royal Highness the Prince Regent, and the report of the Committee appointed to
many persons holding public offices, were scrutinize the lists given in for composing
desirous of contributing a certain portion of the Committee of Secrecy, when, the report
the incomes derived from these offices to having been read , twenty -one gentlemen
wards the public service, it was enacted , were named of the Committee.
SAVING BANKS.
that it should be lawful to give the proper
instructions to the officers of the Exchequer Mr Rose moved to bring in a Bill for
to receive such contributions, &c. The regulating Provident Institutions or Saving
contributions were to be voluntary ; but then Banks. In reply to some remarks from Mr
they would be voluntary only in the sense Curwen, respecting the increasing burden of
in which the contribution for beer -money the poor-rates, Mr Rose said that he felt
was formerly raised among their Lordships' great anxiety that it should not go forth to
servants. When a new servant made his the public that the poor-rates would be con
appearance for the first time, he was called siderably diminished by the measure he now
upon to pay this beer -money ; and if he re- proposed. He merely wished it to be un
fused , the process of hooting was resorted derstood, that as far as it went, it would
to , and they continued to hoot him until he tend to afford very great relief, not only by
paid the money. But he would not consent diminishing the wants and distresses of the
to be hooted out of his money , and he trust- labouring, poor, but also by teaching them
ed that others would not be induced to be to rely in future on themselves for happiness
taxed in this way , under pretence of a vo- and independence.
NEPAUL WAR.
luntary contribution. His Lordship then
proceeded at some length to contend , that Feb. 6.-Mr CANNING gave a history of
men who held official situations frequently the rise and extending power of the Goork
injured their private fortunes by the ex- has, with an account of the war, and its
penses which they felt it necessary to incur, close ; and concluded with moving votes of
and to which their salaries were in many thanks similar to those agreed to in the
instances inadequate. His Lordship there . House of Lords.
fore disapproved of the whole clause ; but COMMITTEE OF WAYS AND MEANS .
his amendment was negatived without a di. Feb. 7. - The CHANCELLOR of the Ex
vision. CHEQUER having moved the order of the
1817.) Register.-Proceedings ofParliament. 105
day for the House resolving itself into the Europe ; he praised the generous sympathy
said Committee, observed, that he intended which boundall classes of societytogether in
to propose only such votes as would go to this happy land , and those spontaneous ef
therenewal ofcertain usual annual taxes, forts made to lighten the burdensof the des
and a grant of Exchequer Bills to replace titute, by sharing them
those which were now out. The several quarter, in the head of .the In the highest
government of
duties on malt, sugar, & c. were then moy. this country , the same feelings and sympa
ed ; as also that £ 24,000,000 beraised by thies were shared thatactuated his people.
Exchequer Bills for the service of the year He not only sympathized with their distress,
1817. but was prepared to share their privations ;
After some observations by Sir C. Monck and, from the spontaneous movement of his
and Mr Calcraft, the resolutions were agreed own mind , had expressed his determination
to . to abstain from receiving, in the presentstate
FINANCES AND REDUCTIONS. of distress, so much of the civil list as he
Feb. 7 .-_ Lord CASTLEREAGH ( the could refuse, consistently with maintaining
House being in a Committee on that part the dignity of his station, without doing
of the Regent's Speech which relatedtothe what Parliament would disapprove of in
Finances), in an elaborate speech of great curring.- (General Cheering.) His Royal
length, and embracing a variety of views of Highness had given his commands to inform
the state of the country - past, present, and the House, that he meant to give up for the
prospective, -- did notdisguise or extenuate public service a fifth part of the fourth class
the present distress, but still maintained , of the civil list, which, it ought to be ob
that with the characteristic vigour and served, was the only branch connected with
energy of the British character, and an the personal expenses, or the royal state of
economy pervading every department of the the Sovereign ; for all the other heads of
public service, we should soon be restored charge included in the civillist, except the
to our high situation among the nations. privy purse, were as much for paying pub
He then entered into a detail of the reduc. lic services as the sums included in the es
tions of the national expenditure which were timates he had this night mentioned
contemplated, making a total annual dimis ( Hear, hcar ! ) That branch of the civil
nution, in all the different branches, of six list amounted to £ 209,000 ; and his Royal
millions and a half, and thereby reduc- Highness offered , outof this and the privy
ing the current expenses of this year to purse, £ 50,000— ( Hear, hear ! ) forthe
£ 18,373,000; and that there mightbe a fur- public service. His Royal Highnesshad
ther saving of above a million anticipated in directed and applauded the exertions of his
the next year, which would bring theexpendi- people, he had shared in their glories, and
ture down to £ 17,300,000 ; and that of this now generously sympathized in their suffer.
sum there was not more than £13,000,000 ings, and determined to share their priva
applicable to current services, for there were tions.-- ( Hear ! ) The servants of the Crown
now paid in pensions, and half-pay to the had resolved to follow the example of their
officers and men in the army, navy , and Royal Master, and to surrenderthat part of
ordnance departments, who had contributed their salaries which had accrued to them
to bring the war to so glorious'a termina- since the abolition of the property tax .
tion, upwards of four millions. A certain ( Hear, hear !) HisLordshipcame then to
proportion of the pensions would annually the last branchof the subject, the forma
be available for the public service by the tion of a Committee, for the purpose of in
decease of those who enjoyed them. A quiring into the income and expenditure of
hundred thousand men were now in the re- thecountry, on the mode of choosing which,
ceipt of pensions and half-pay. He had and on the duties they were to perform , his
made inquiri as to what, upon ordinary Lord expatiated for some time, and then
calculations, might be expected to accrue concluded with proposing the appointment
annually from the falling in of their allow- of a Committee, to consist of 21 members,
ances. By assuming the medium age of “ for the purpose of inquiring into the reve
40 , one half of the whole would cease to nue and expenditure of the country for the
exist in thecourse of 20 years , making 2,500 years ending the 5th January 1815, the 5th
annually ; and, as the allowances are four January 1816 and 1817 , and also for the
millions, the sum becoming available every years ending the 5th January 1818 and
year for the public service, in the reduction 1819, with a view to the investigation of
of the public burdens, would be £ 100,000. measures for affording relief to the
country,
In making up the estimates, a sketch of without detriment to the public service ; and
which he (Lord C. ) had submitted to the to report thereon , from time to time, their
House, Ministers were actuated by the most opinions to the house . " Before he sat
anxious desire to effect every possible re- down , it would be right to mention, that he
duction ; to carry into effect every plan of proposed the committee should be invested
economy that was consistent with our situa- with full powers to send for persons, papers,
tion and security ; and tobring the expendi- and records,(Hear, hear ! ) that they should
ture of the nation as much as possible within possess all the means of pursuing their in
its means His Lordship tooka review of quiries to the bottom .
the general distress that prevailed all over The noble Lord concluded with reading
VOL . I. Q
106 Register . Proceedings of Parliament. [ April
the following list : Lord Castlereagh , Chan- which have lately been presented to this
cellor of the Exchequer, Mr Ponsonby,Mr House. ( Hear, hear, hear !) Sir , I would
Bankes, Mr Long, Mr Tierney , Lord Bin not be a party in telling the people, (mon
ning, Sir J.Newport, Mr Peel, Mr C. W. strous assertion ! ) that twelve hundred years
Wynne, Mr Arbuthnot, Mr Frankland ago this country enjoyed a free and perfect
Lewis, Mr Huskisson , Mr N. Calvert, Mr constitution . ( Hear, hear, hear ! ) This,
Davies Gilbert, Mr Cartwright, Mr Hol- sir, is a specimen of the historical know .
ford , Mr Edward Littleton , Lord Clive, Mr ledge ofthe antiquarian research , of the
Gooch , and Sir T. Ackland . acquaintance with constitutional law of these
Mr TIERNEY, and many other members, wiseacres out of doors, who, after poring
delivered their sentiments at great length, for days and nights, andbrooding over their
both against and for this nomination , after wild and mischievous schemes , rise up with
which the House divided . For the Com their little nostrums and big blunders to a
mittee 210 ; against it 117. mend the British Constitution ! ( Laughter
Two other divisions took place, on a mo- and loud cheers. ) And then , sir, we are
tion to substitute other names in the room pronounced ignorant and daring who refuse .
of Lord Binning and Mr Huskisson , but to subscribe to the creed of these true re .
the majority decided that they were to stand formers, who know accurately what hap
as part of the Committee. pened in this country five hundred years be
SINECURES . fore authenticated history begins ! ( Hear !)
Tuesday,Feb.11. - Lord CASTLEREAGH , and we are told , that he who will not believe
in reply to General Ferguson, stated that the self-evident propositions of these gen
the Noble Marquis (Cambden) alluded to tlemen , which itis said are so reasonable as
had resigned all the emoluments and pro- not to admit of the least controversy , are
fits of the office he held ( Tellership of the dishonest as well as ignorant and daring.
Exchequer , and only retained the regulated The people of Englandhave presented hun .
salary of £ 2500. ( Cheering . ) The Noble dreds of petitions to this House. I believe
Marquis had been for sometime desirous abovea million of people have declared to
of making this sacrifice, but as his office was this House some opinion or other on the
in the nature of a vested right, and as he question of reform . These persons have been
did not know what effect this surrender collected together at meetings, to which they
might have on others in a similar situation, flocked simply because they felt severe dis
he delayed till the meeting of Parliament. tress. Theyknew fromtheir own experience ,
Seeing, however, the example of retrench , and from the nature of their sufferings, that
ment andsacrifice set in the highest quar. they in a great measure originated inThere
the
ter , he no longer hesitated , and offered now mal-administration of publicaffairs.
allthe emoluments of his appointment is one conclusion , sir, which we ought to
( Hear, hear ! ) draw from all these considerations ; namely ,
PARLIAMENTARY REFORM. that severe distress is the real cause of this
Feb. 14. - A great many petitions have popular agitation , and that as far as the
ingbeen presented praying for aReform people call upon usfor great retrenchments
in Parliament, most of them claiming unic andsome reform , the call is well founded ,
versal suffrage and annual elections, as the and must be heard . I heartily hope that it
ancient constitution of the kingdom, Mr may be heard before it is too late, and that
BROUGHAM spoke to the following effect : the people may by that means be taken and
“ Sir, I havein all cases gone as far as it kept out of the hands of those who would
was possible for me to go , to assist in opening betray them into misery a hundred fold
the door of this House to the people's come greater than that which they at present en
plaints : and I have done all thatI could dure." - (Hear, hear !)
and not less than the Noble Lord ( Cochrane) COMMITTEE OF SECRECY ,
to discountenance, as far as my little influ . Wednesday, Feb.19 ,-Mr B.BATHURST
ence would allow me, any proposition which appeared at the bar with the report of the
appeared to me to be calculated to impede, Committee of Secrecy, to whom certain
cramp, andhamper, the exercise of popular papers, laid before the House by command
rights.---( Hear,hear, hear !) I therefore of his Royal Highness the Prince Regent,
put myself on my country, in competition had been referred .--Ordered to be printed,
with the Noble Lord, as to which of ushas and taken into consideration on Monday
shewn himself to be the greater friend of next.
the people of England. ( Hear, heur, hear ! ) POOR LAWS.
But, Sir, I will notshew my friendship for Feb. 21.- Mr CURWEN, in a clear and
the people, by telling them falsehoods. argumentative speech, took a wide and com
( Hear, hear , hear ! ) I will notbe a party
prehensive view of the Poor Laws, in their
in practising delusion on the people. fHear,
origin , progress, and present oppressive
hear, hear ?) I will not take advantage of magnitude. We can only give a few
the warmth of popular meetings, -a great detached passages. The great evils were
proportion of theindividuals constituting increasing still, and would increase much
which are necessarily ignorant of the nicermore , unless some remedy were applied
points of history and antiquity t
, o induce to bring things back to their original
the people to sign such petitions as those state . We had , it was to be recollected ,
1817.] Register.-- Proceedings of Parliament. 107
become, from an agricultural, a commercial prevent premature and imprudent mar .
country. In 1776 the poor rates were stato riages ; but it must be their object to inspire
ed at a million and a half ; now in the the poor with some forethought of themi.
tourse of forty years, they might be taken series that might come upon an unprovided
altogether at eight millions and a half.- offspring. The great object of a proper
This monstrous sum must excite the deep- Committee would be, to find means of shew
est regret: but it was not merely the a . ing to the people their own interest and ad
mount that was to be deplored , for the sum vantage, in taking their happinessinto their
of happiness and consolation was not in. own hands. Hegave a melancholy picture
creased by it ; but, on the contrary, there of the demands in the shape of Poor Rates,
was an augmentation of human misery. in the West Riding ofYorkshire, where one
Something must now be applied. He was farmer, occupying210 acres of land , was
well aware that the amount was so great called upon to pay a guinea a day ; and in
that it was impossible to cut it downat once. Sussex, Shropshire, and other counties, he
We had, in the course of years, in fact take mentioned assessments at 18s. 20s. 24s. and
en away the care of the people from them . 26s. ; and even higher. After stating a
selves ; and the result of this conduct un . number of laborious calculations, to enforce
fortunately was, that they regardedthe pre- or elucidate his arguments , he said it was
sent time as every thing, and the future as his intention to callon the fund -holder, the
nothing. It was now our interest and our money -lender, and the trade of the country,
duty , to endeavour to rescue to bear their proportion of the burthen ; but
them from this
condition, and to revive and elevate their it was his great aim to lessen the number of
minds bythe operation of some other prin- claimants, to reduce pauperism within nar
ciple. If we did not, we should lend Cour- rower limits, and to restore to the mass of
selves to the destruction of their industry, population that independent spirit, which
their virtue, and their happiness. A for. would teach them to trust to themselves
eigner must look with astonishment at the and their own exertions for support. After
enormous sum of nine millions raised for developing his plans and intentions, he
the relief of the poor. Few foreign Sove- moved for a Committee to be appointed, to
reigns had so great a revenue for all the consider the state of the Poor Laws and the
purposes of their governments. He could Labouring Poor.
make his appeal to those gentlemen who were Lord CASTLEREAGH complimented the
Magistrates, to say , whether the poor were Hon . Member on the calm , deliberate, and
at present happy, contented, and grateful ! judicious manner in which he had introduced
No ! they must answer, that they were un- this important subject ; and admitted , that
happy, dissatisfied, ungrateful to thosewho his claim on him forhis general view of the
afforded them temporary relief, and without subject was fair. He was anxious to sup
real comfort. ( Hear !). They looked on port inquiry, as were all around him . Min
every thing with a jaundiced eye, and dis- isters would dedicate their time to it most
content of mind. He had visited Ireland, cheerfully, as far as was consistent with their
and when he first saw the wretched Irish other avocations. His Lordship then en
cabins, with the smoke issuing through the tered into a most explicit statement of his
door, his feelings of disgust were so strong, view of the subject, which we regret ex
that he turned away, desirous of not enter- ceedingly that we cannot give.
ing : but when he did go in , he found a A Committee was then appointed , and
surprising revolution , and the least looked ordered to report from time to time to the
forthat he could have imagined. He saw House.
within the place the exercise of all the affec- REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE OF SE.
tions of the heart, while potatoes were the CRECY.
food , and butter-milk the only luxury. He Monday, Feb. 24. - Lord CASTLEREAGH
thought the Irish peasant happier than an prefaced the measures he had to submit to
English pauper. He saw a proof that hap- the House with expressions of extreme re
piness was chiefly seated in the mind. The gret at the necessity which compelled him ,
poor Irishman did not appear broken in in the discharge of his public duty , to bring
spirit or degraded. He travelled a thou- them forward ; he then entered into a very
sand miles in that country, making obser- copious analysis and illustration of the re
vations on the state of the poorer classes port, but without adding any thing material
wherever he went. Nothing , he was con- to the statements thereof, or disclosing the
vinced , was so dangerous to the poor as facts and evidence on which it was founded ,
pauperism : yet there were not less than assigning the same reasons that Lord Sid
two millions of British subjects in that de- mouth used in the other House . In order
grading condition . Could the House re- to counteract and repress the treasonous
quire a stronger stimulus than this afflicting practices now afloat in the country, the Mi.
consideration , to impel them tothe appli- nisters of the Crown deemed it necessary ,
cation of an instant remedy ! After ages of Ist, That a bill should be passed , suspend
inconveniences had passed, the remedy could ing the Habeas Corpus Act : 2d, For the
operate only by slow degrees ; but still he more effectually preventing seditious meet
must assume the possibility of its efficacy. ings and asseniblies : 3d , For extending the
It was not possible for the Legislature to same legal protection to the person of the
108 Register . - British Chronicle. [ April
Prince Regent as to the King ; 4th , For the formed that a secret conspiracy was organ
better prevention and punishment ofpersons ized in Glasgow , which had communica
attemptingto seduce the military from their tions with societies in England. That con
duty and allegiance. The last two he would spiracy was held together by means of a
propose to make perpetual ; the first two secretoath , which he read to the House :
only temporary, perhaps to the close of the * In the presence of Almighty God , I
present session or the commencement of the A. B. do voluntarily swear, that I will per
next. He concluded with moving for leave severe in my endeavouring to form a bro
to bring in a bill for the more effectually therhood of affection amongst Britons of
preventing of seditious meetings. every description who are considered worthy
Thedebate was long and animated ; and of confidence ; and that I willpersevere in
on a division the numbers were, ayes 190 ; my endeavours to obtainfor all the people
noes 14 ; majority 176. The bill was read of GreatBritain and Ireland, not disquali.
a first time, and ordered to be read a second fied by crimes or insanity, the elective fran
time on Wednesday. chise at the age of twenty -one, with free
Lord CASTLEREAGH then presented a and equal representation, and annual par
bill to extend to theperson of the Prince liaments ; and that I will support the same
Regent the statute of 36 George III. for the to the utmost of my power, either by moral
þetter preservation of his Majesty's person ; or physical strength, as the case may require.
and a bill to extend the 37thof his Majesty, ( Loud cries of Hear.) And I do further
for rendering more penal the seduction of swear, that neither hopes, fears, rewards, or
the soldiery. They were both read a first punishments, shall induce me to inform or
time, and ordered to be read a second time give evidence against any member or mem
on Wednesday. bers, collectively or individually, forany act
LORDS OF THE ADMIRALTY . or expression done or made, or to be done
Feb. 25 .-- A very long debate ensued on or made, in or out, in this or similar socie .
a motion of Sir M. W. Ridley, the pur- ties, under the punishment of death , to be
portof which was to diminish the number inflicted on me by any member or members
of the Lords of the Admiralty, which was of such society. So help me God , and keep
lost on a division ; there being for the ori- me stedfast ! ” ( Hear, from all sides of the
ginal motion 152 ; for the previous question House ).
moved by Lord Castlereagh , 208 ; majo- Feb. 28.On the motion of the CHAN ,
rity 86 . CELLOR of the EXCHEQUER, the bill was
THE HABEAS CORPUS SUSPENSION BILL. read a third time and passed . Ayes 265 ;
Feb. 26.- On the first reading of this bill noes 103 ; majority 162. Another division
being moved by Lord CASTLEREAGH, it took place on a motion of Mr PONSONBY ,
was warmly oppos by Mr Benner and that the act should expire on the 29th May,
other members. On a division the numbers instead of 1st July . " Against the motion
were, ayes 273 ; noes 98 ; majority 175. 239 : for it 97 :majority 142.
In the course of the debate, the LORD AD ( To be continued.)
YOCATĘ of Scotland said , that he was in

BRITISH CHRONICLE,

JANUARY. its effects. The experiment was made at

The Prince Regent has been pleased to the brewhouse of Calvert & Company a few
grant out of the funds at the disposal of days since, with a dray, on which were
his Majesty , £ 1000, in aid of the sub- placed three butts of beer. The expense
scription for relief of the labouring classes does not exceed 30s. From a conviction
within the city of Edinburgh and suburbs. of its great utility, the Lord Mayor has
A useful discovery .- A machine has been caused one to be placed in the care of each
constructed under the immediate auspices ofthe watchhouse-keepers in the six princi
of the Lord Mayor of London, calculated pal districts of the city, viz.Giltspur Street,
to render the most essential services. Its Fleet Market, Mansion House, London
object is to act in case of the overturning of Bridge, Bishopsgate, and Aldgate .
carts, waggons, & c. heavily laden , when by 2.-A flat , yet lively contradiction.se
its use an immediate remedy is produced, [ To the proprietor of the Dublin Evening
and danger obviated , in cases where horses Post.] Sir , Having seen an account of
become entangled , and their lives endan- my death in your paper, I request you will
gered. The application ofthe machine has contradict it.
been already proved to be instantaneous in Bicud KYFFIN ."
 1817. ) Register - British Chronicle . 109
6. - This being the Princess Charlotte's Friday, but that theyThe
birth -day, when her Royal Highness com . alive and hearty:
had found his wife
coroner repri
pleted her 21st year, the day was celebrated manded the witnesses severely for want
atClaremont, and in London , by her Royal of discrimination ; but every one allowed
Highness's tradesmen illuminating their that the great liķeness there was between
houses, and by other rejoicings. the living woman and the deceased might
7. - The gazette oflast night contains have deceived better judges, particularly
an address from the corporation of Dub- as both the women had similar private
lin to the Prince Regent, thanking, in marks on their arms.
the warmest terms, his Royal Highness Hawkers.— Yesterday John Barlow was
for his munificent contribution of £ 2000, examined under the hawker's act, charged
in aid of the fund for the relief of the la- with going from house to house , and of
bouring classes of that city. feringfor sale Cobbett's Political Register,
8.- The committee for distributing re- price twopence, the same being unstamped,
lief to the labouring classes in the city and he not having a hawker's license. He
of Edinburgh have now on their list was convicted in the penalty of £10, and
above 1600 persons. The men are em . in default to be committed for three months
ployed in working on Leith Walk , at the to the house of correction.
head of the Links, on the ground at the 9. - Inverness. - Died at Ardersier, in
east side of the Mound, and on the Cal. this vicinity, a gander, well known to
ton Hill. The subscription amounts to have been full grown when the founda
upwards of £ 6000. tion of Fort George was laid, in the year
East India House .-- A special meeting 1748, His helpmate died only two years
of proprietors of East India stock was ago .
held in Leadenhall Street, to take into Ireland . The Marquis of Londonder
further consideration thequestion of ap- ry, in addition to hisliberaldonation to
pointing an additional European profes- the poor on his Lordship's Derry estate,
sor of the oriental languages in their col. has advanced £ 1000 for the purpose of
lege at Hertford , at a salary of £ 400, purchasing fuel and provisions, which are
and a further allowance of £ 100 per to be delivered out to them at very low
annum ; when , after a long and ani. prices.
mated discussion respecting the character 10. - Shocking Storij.- A melancholy
of this establishment, the resolution was catastrophe took place at Bolsover, in
put to the vote, and carried in the affirm the county of Derby, a few daysago. It
ative. appears that a poor woman of the name
8. - For several hours this morning, of Wylde, took the horrid resolution of
the fog throughout the whole of the me- destroying herself and her four children
tropolis was so intense, that candles were by poison. The deadly preparation was
used in every shop and counting -house. procured, and the children called up at
About twelve o'clock, however, the sun an early hour in the morning, under the
burst out again in all its glory, and a fine the
pretence of giving them a medicine for
summer-likeday succeeded. worms. Sheadministered it to them ,
8.- The body of William Pinkerton, and also a considerable quantity to herself,
smuggler, was found in the Great Canal, in the presence of her husband. Its dead
at the Plash, near Rockvilla distillery. ly effects were soon visible, and terminated
Thisman has been missing since the be in their death , leaving the agonized hus
$ ginning of lastmonth, and when found had band in a state of mind which it would be
a flask of whisky tied to his back. vain to attempt to describe.
Singular Occurrence.On Thursday 13. Ely . It is with extreme regret we
the 2d instant, the body of awoman was state that a tremendous breach has taken
found tied to a boat, near the landing place in the Burnt Fen Bank, near Mr
place of the Royal Hospital at Green- Seaber's, on the river Lark, by which near
wich, on which an inquest was held be. 15,000 acres of land are inundated.
fore one of the coroners of Kent, when Melancholy Accident. A letter from
an old man came forward, and swore that Lochgoilhead, dated the 3d January 1817,
the deceased was his daughter, and that to a gentleman in Glasgow , says " On
she was the wife of Israel Friday, an out- Monday last a boat left this, in order
down
pensioner of Greenwich College. He to go to Greenock ; when sailing
then went into a long account of a quar. Lachgoil, they were hailed by a person
rel which took place between Friday and that wanted to cross ; they condescended,
his wife the day before the body was and , being upon the lee shore, gave the
found. Other witnesses also swore to boat the two sails, which before had but
the deceased being the daughter of the one . Half way over opposite the Wain
old man . The coroner thereupon directed inan , came on a squall,and run the boat
diligent search to be made after Friday, down by not relieving the sheets . Eight
thehusband. The jury met again on the persons were on board, of whichfive were
10th instant, when the constables report, drowned , and a sixth died after being got
ed that they had not been able to find on shore.
 110 Register. - British Chronicle. [April
Carr Rock . " We are sorry, ” says lent gales. It is ascertained that the
an Edinburgh paper, “ in the space of a vessel sunk off Rottingdean is not the
few weeks, to have again to notice the Mistletoe, but some merchantman. The
fatal effects of a very dangerous reef officers who have unfortunately perished
of rocks, which extend from the shore at in her are , Lieut. Wade Blake (com
Fifeness, fully a mile and a half to sea- mander ); Mr J. Duncan , second master ;
ward, and terminating in Carr Rock . Mr Tully , master's mate ; Mr J. Bren
The sloop Janet of St Andrews, forty ham , midshipman ; Mr Thomas Kennel,
tons register, Elder master , bound from pilot; and thirty -two able seamen and
Alloa , with coals, sprung a leak off the boys.
Carr Rock about six o'clock on the even . James Watson , senior, who has at
ing of the 6th. The crew , finding that tracted so much of public notice, was in
the water gained fast upon them , were dicted for having assaulted Joseph Rhodes
making to the shore, to run the vessel with a sharp instrument, with which he
upon Balconibie Sands, when she unfor- struck and stabbed him . The jury re
tunately struck upon one of the outer turned a verdict of acquittal, when seve
rocks of the Brigs, near the Carr. The ral persons below , and in the galleries,
crew immediately took to the boat, and gave very indecorous demonstrations of
landed in safety. Robert Watson , Lord joy.
Kellie's fisherman , who has been resi . 23. This day a meeting of delegates,
dent at Fifeness about sixty years, is from various petitioning bodies in Great
enabled , from what he recollects of the Britain for reform in parliament, was
shipwrecks at the Carr Rock , to re- held at the Crown and Anchor - Major
mark, that there has been, in his time, Cartwright in the chair ; when it was re
“ at least sixty vessels lost upon the solved, that representation should be co
Carr ! -- for if she missed her mark one existent with taxation , and that property
year, she is sure to hit twice the year fol. ought to form no part of a member of
lowing.” Parliament's qualification -- virtue and ta
17. - A meeting of the advocates for a lents being sufficient.
reform in Parliament, was held at Free- Common Council...Mr Waithman mov .
mason's Tavern this day, when several ed a number of resolutions on the subject
resolutions were adopted , expressing the of parliamentary reform . These resolu .
necessity for a constitutional reform in tions do not go so far as those of the de
the representation, the abolition of use . legates just mentioned, having for their
less offices and unmerited pensions, and object “ the shortening of the duration of
a reduction of the military establishment Parliaments, and a fair and equal distri.
IRELAND. - A meeting convened by bution of the elective franchise to all free-'
requisition, took place on the 13th inst. holders, copyholders, and householders pay
at the Green of Haroll's Cross, Dublin, ing taxes, with such regulations as would
when a respectful address was voted to preserve the purity and integrity of the
his Royal Highness the Prince Regent, members, and render the House of Com
humbly praying that he would give his mons an efficient organ of the people."
royal countenance and support to the The resolutions were carried with not more
measure of parliamentary reform.Se than ten dissenting voices.
veral resolutions were also carried , stat- Hatton Garden . Mr Hunt, Mr Cob
ing the public distress, and declaring that bett, and the boy, Thomas Dogood, who
the object of the meeting was reform , tore down a posting -bill, entitled, “ Mr
not revolution . A petition to Parliament, Hunt hissed out of the city of Bristol, ”
founded on the resolutions, was read and came to this office, when a good deal of
adopted. conversation passed between the magistrate
20_The trial of the rioters for plun . and Messrs Hunt and Cobbett, respecting
dering Mr Beckwith's premises on the 2d the committal of Dogood , "and the con
of December, the day of the first Spa- duct of the officer, Limbrick, who appre
fields meeting, commenced this morning hended him , which led to no result.
at 10 o'clock , at the old Bailey, when Dreadful Catastrophe. On Friday even
John Cashman was found guilty, John ing, the 3d instant, about eleven o'clock ,
Hooper, Richard Gamble, William Gun. Mr Cobbett, jun. of Kingston , having
nel, and John Carpenter, not guilty . just retired to rest with his wife, to
Cashman has since been executed. The whom he had been married but a few
trial of the other rioters was resumed on weeks, put an end to his existence by
the 21st, but none of them were capitally blowing his brains out with a pistol ( of
convicted . three barrels ) which he hadpreviously
22. The loss of the Mistletoe schooner, concealed under his pillow . The horrid
tender to the flag -ship at Portsmouth , circumstance has occasioned his wife to
with all her crew , upon the coast of be insensible ever since, and she is not
Sussex, whilst cruising in search of smug- expected to live . - Coroner's verdict, In
glers, can no longer be doubted ; she sanity.
must have foundered in one of the vio . Coroner's Inquest . - An inquisition was
1817.) Register.British Chronicle, 111
taken before Mr Stirling, coroner for coinage. This valuable cargo, amount
Middlesex , upon the body of Mary Ann at ing to £ 300,000, was insured at Lloyd's
Golding , the daughter of John and Eliza- the low rate of 10s. 6d . per £ 100 ,- &
beth Golding, of No 30, Molineux Street, strong proof of the confidence placed in
Mary -le-bone, whose death was occasion- the superior class of Leith smacks.
ed by the barbarous treatment of her On Saturday, the 11th January , the
parents. The deceased was only five inhabitants of New Lanark met in the
years of age. The jury viewed the body New Institution , for the purpose of tak
its appearance was shocking, being coveing into consideration the propriety of
ered with marks of violence from the presenting an address to Robert Owen ,
neck downwards to the thigh . The back Esq. expressive of their high satisfaction
had several old wounds upon it ; the legs with his conduct, and that of the other
were bruised ; and the whole frame was proprietors, in introducing various ame
emaciated. The evidence taken before the liorations in the condition of their com
jury disclosed a repetition of acts of bru- munity , and more particularly in reduce
tality on the part of the child's parents, ing the time of working in their mills an
which left no doubt on the minds of the hour a-day ; which regulation took place
jury , that they had been the cause of her the first Jan. 1815, the time of labour
death. After an hour's consultation , the being from six to seven previously to that
jury returned the following verdict : “ The date ; since which it has been from six
deceased died in convulsions, caused by the to six only. This proposition being un
cruel treatment of her unnatural parents.” animously agreed to, à committee was
25. - Johanna Southcote. The delusion appointed to prepare and present the
at this time practised upon the believers same . It was then resolved , that the
in the predictions and doctrine of the late village should be illuminated on the
prophetess, is matter of great astonishment. Tuesday evening following, in testimony
Aninterdict arrived at Newark on Sunday, of their regard for his disinterested con
the 19th instant, from a disciple of the duct in the manageinent of the establish
conclave at Leeds, inhibiting those of the ment, and also in commemoration of the
faith, amongst other things, from attend- purchase of the mills by the present pro
ing to their ordinary business during the prietors.
ensuing eight or nine days ; and a manu- 28. - Yesterday a third meeting of the
facturer's shop in that place is at this time reform delegates was held at the King's
entirely deserted , and the business of many Arms Tavern , Palace Yard . There were
small dealers suspended in consequence. upwards of thirty delegates present, who
The following letter has been sent by affected to represent one hundred and
the Secretary of State for the Home De- ninety towns throughout the kingdom .
partment to the Lord Lieutenant of the After some discussion , which brought out
county of Leicester, and , we believe, to nothing new or interesting, it was agreed
the Lords Lieutenants of several other that those delegates, having petitions to
counties. Whitehall, Jan. 11 , 1817. present to Parliament, should assemble this
My Lord, It being deemed expedient day at three o'clock, in Palace Yard , to
under present circumstances, that the civil put them into the hands of Sir F. Bur
power should he strengthened in the county dett and Lord Cochrane. Theineeting was
under your Grace's charge, I have to re- then finally dissolved.
quest that you will recommend to the ma. This being the day fixed forthe meet
gistrates in the principal towns within the ing of Parliament, the Prince Regent left
same in which the measure is not al. Carlton House at half-past one, and re
ready adopted ), to encourage the enrol- paired to St James's palace.His Royal
ment of respectable householders, to act, Highness took his seat in the state car .
as occasion may require, as special con- riage accompanied by the Duke of Mon
stables for a fixed period of time, not less trose, master of the horse, and Lord James
than three months ; and I have farther Murray, a lord in waiting ; the other
to request that your Grace will communi. royal attendants followed in other car
cate to the commanding officers of the riages. The procession to the House was
several yeomanry corps within the coun . not seriously disturbed ; some discontent
ty of Leicester, the wish of his Majesty's ed voices mixed their murmurs with the
government, that they will hold them . applause of the more loyal, yet there was
selves, and the corps under their respec . no such expression of disapprobation as
tive commands, in a state of preparation to excite alarm . On the return of the
to afford prompt assistance to the civil royal procession , the discontent broke out
authorities in case of necessity. I have, into the most outrageous abuse, and even
&c. SIDMOUTH . into acts of violence .The life guards were
The Lord Lieutenant of the insulted, and gravel-stones and other
County of Liecester. missiles were thrown at the royal carriage
between Carlton - house gardens and the
One of the Leith smacks arrived from stable-yard , one glass of the state coach
London on the 26th instant, having on was struck three times and broken . It apo
board nearly forty tons of the new silver pears from the evidence of Lord James
112 Register .- British Chronicle. CApril
Murray, that his Lordship was inclined or proceeded to the Common Council.
to think one or two bullets had been fired Chamber, where Lord Exmouth had been in
at the coach , but no gun or pistol was waiting a considerable time in consequence
seen , no smoke appeared , no report was of invitation , to receive the sword voted
heard , no bullet hasbeen found.As soon to him , as a mark of public approbation
asthe Prince Regent alighted from the and thanks for his splendid victory in the
state coach , he informed Sir N. Conant, bombardment of Algiers -- The noble Lord
the magistrate in waiting, of the outrage was attended by ten captains of his fleet
that had occurred , and the Duke of Mon- who had shared the dangers and glory
trose was immediately despatched to the of that expedition . The Lord Mayor
office of the home department in search accompanied the presentation by an ap
of Lord Sidmouth . The prince, after wait- propriate speech ; to which Lord Exmouth
ing at St James's sometimeforthe noble replied bythe most cordial expression of
secretary , went in his private carriage to his grateful feelings for the honour con
Carlton House ; and whether the mob had ferred upon him by the city of London.
relented from their malignant violence, or After the ceremony, his lordship and
whether the tumultuous part of themhad his colleagues, accompanied by the Lord
withdrawn to attend their favourite Hunt, Mayors, Sheriffs, and several other mem
his Royal Highness was saluted with huz- bers of thecorporation , proceeded to Iron
zas. About the time of these violent pro- monger's Hall to partake of a banquet
ceedings, that is, about half-past two, near- prepared forhim by the company , who
ly twenty of Hunt's delegates made a pro-took a peculiar interest in the results of
cession by Charing-cross through Parlia that victory The circumstance which
ment street, with about half a dozen pe- rendered that event so interesting to the
titions on rolls of parchment in favour of Ironmonger's Company was, that they are
reform , carried on their arms like muskets , the trustees of an estate of £ 2000 a year
they marching in a military step .Hunt, it bequeathed many years ago by one of
is said, wished the parchments to be un- their members, a Mr Betton , who had
the misfortune to be captured by a Bar
rolled , that the length of them might as-
tonish the passers-by. His myrmidons, bary Corsair, and was several years in
however, did not choose to comply with slavery, from which he was ultimately
this request ; upon which he observed, that ransomed. In memory of his own suffer
he never had to do with such cowardly ings, and in gratitude for his liberation ,
persons before. he directed that £ 1000 of the legacy above
A proclamation was issued on Wednes- named should be annually appropriated
day morning, the 29th instant, offering for the ransom of British captives, who
£ 1000 reward for the apprehension of the might chance to be enslaved by any of
person or persons guilty of the late treason . the Barbary States. The company have
able attempt on the life of the Prince religiously obeyed the injunctions of the
Regent. humane testator, and commissioned a re
On the same day, the joint addressof gular agent at Mogadore for the purpose.
congratulation of both Houses of Parlia . IRELAND.-- The Committee appointed
ment to the Prince Regent, on his laté to appropriate the general fund for the
happy escape, was presented to HisRoyal relief of the poor of Dublin have deter
Highness at Carlton House, which he re- mined to give premiums, at the rate of
ceived with all the accustomed state seat- £5 per acre, for the planting of early poa
ed upon the throne. The attendance of tatoes within two miles of the castle of
Lords and Commons on this occasion was Dublin. The managers of the Cork in
very numerous_headed by the Lord stitution have voted L.700 for the same
Chancellor and Speaker of the House of purpose ; the premiums to be distributed
Commons. From ten o'clock in the morn . under such regulations as the Committee
ing till five in the afternoon, Carlton House shall see fit.
was crowded with the nobility and gentry Desperate Poachers. We had hoped
of both sexes making their anxious inquire that the determined resistance to well
ies, and offering their sentiments of con- known laws had been confined on this
gratulation ; and addresses from all parts side of the Tweed to the pursuit ofthe pure
of the country will doubtless be speedily spirit of malt '; we regret to hear, however,
presented on this most interesting public that a desperate affray lately took place on
occasion . Lord Blantyre's estate near Haddington , be
31. - The livery of London met in twixt three poachers and his lordship’s game
Common Hall, and passed some additional keeper and two assistants. After a most de
resolutions in favour of parliamentary re- termined resistance, in which shots were ex
form ; the most important of which was changed and severe wounds given , (one of
one for triennial Parliaments, which was the poachers having his arm broken ) two out
carried by a large majority against an of the three were taken into custody. This
amendment, by which it was proposed to was mainly effected by the timely appearance
declare in favour of annual Parliaments. of a countryman at the moment when the de
LORD EXMOUTH. After the adjourn . predators had the best of the fight. (Edin
ment of the Common Hall, the Lord May. burgh Courant.)
 1817.) Register.- Commercial Report. 113
The mostinteresting of the other occur- want of reflection which recognised no other
rences of this month, which our limits do mode of relief than by means of pecuniary
not permit us to detail, were the severe donations. The practice has been, almost
gales, which have occasioned much damage universally, to employ those who were able
on different parts of the coast ;—the dis- to work, and to allow them such wages as
tressed condition of the labouring classes, would save then from want, though at the
partly owing to the last unfavourable har- same time so moderate as to induce them
vest and the high price of provisions ; to return to their former habits of indepen
and the unparalleled exertions made in dent industry as soon as the demand for la
every part of the united kingdom for their bour should revive. Happily, at the mo
relief. The benevolence of the higher or- ment we are now writing, several of our
ders, while it was never at any former pe- manufacturing towns begin to resume their
riod so extensively displayed , has not been, former activity ; and our prospects are be
on the present occasion , alloyed by that coming daily less gloomy and doubtful.

COMMERCIAL REPORT.

COLONIAL PRODUCE .-- Sugars have of late been in considerable demand, without
much improvement in prices. Muscavados proper for refining have been purchased
freely at a small advance. The stocks of RefinedSugars being very small, and consid
erable orders having arrived from the Continent, this article has a little improved. The
sales of Brazil and East India Sugars, lately brought forward, have gone off briskly, at
prices a shade higher. Coffee has been in some demand for exportation, though not
such as to diminish greatly the superabundant stock of this article , which has for many
years past been produced in too large quantity for the consumption. Cottons continue
in steady demand, without much variation in prices. In East India descriptions there
has been considerable briskness, at an advance of įd. to d. per lb. Tobaccus extremely
dull, and prices lower. Rums having fallen considerably in price, the exporters were
induced to come into the market, and much business has been done in this article. The
last Tea sale at the East India House, which finally closed on the 14th ult. proved
that the general freedom of trade with every part of Europe to China, and parti
cularly the exertions of the Americans to supplant the English in the European
market, have not had the expected effect : for the average prices shewed an advance of
2d . per lb.
EUROPEAN PRODUCE. - In articles from the Baltic, little business is doing, and
prices declining. Hemp from £ 1 to £2 per ton, and Tallow ls. to 2s. per cwt. Sowing
Linseed in considerable demand , and 110s. has been refused . Clover Seeds are also on
the advance, and the stock of American very limited : Red 130s. to 140s. per cwt.
There has been much briskness in the Provision trade, and prices have advanced .
Brandies and Genevas a shade lower in price. The Wine trade with the Cape of Good
Hope is increasing, and how may be called extensive. The remission of the duties has
effected this ; but, at the same time that it renders essential service to that settlement, it
gives occasion to the introduction, by fraud, into the Cape, of large quantities of Foreign
Wines, which are from thence exported to this country as the native produce, to the
great injury of the revenue: the present prices, £28 to £32 per ton. In the demand
for the Manufactures of this country, we are happy to announce some improvement,
though not yet such as to be very generally felt; still we think the worst is past, and
that the late universal depression will in a short time be considerably removed ; not,
however, that we hope the sanguine expectations of speculators, at the conclusion of the
war , can ever be realized. From the most important Continental markets, France and
Austria , our manufactures are completely shut out ; and other states into which they
are admitted, have been for a long time inundated, what with our excessive exports and
the produce of native manufactures. The same applies to the North American market ;
and the present distracted state of South America las much diminished our trade with
that important Continent.
Vol. I , P
114 Register .- Commercial Report. [April
PRICES OF MERCHANDISE.
April 7 .
Cocoa , W. In. £ 3 5 0 to £4 10 0 Spice, Cinnamon £ 0 10 0 to £0 11 0
Coffee ,W.In. ord . 3 2 0 to 3 10 0 Cloves 0 3 0 to 0 3 8
fine 4 19 0 to 5 8 0 Nutmegs 0 4 2 to 0 6 1
Mocha 5 1 0 to 5 3 0 Pepper, Black 0 0 7 to 00 75
Cotton , W. I. C. 0 1 6 to 0 1 82 White 0 1 2 to 0 1 3
Demer. 0 1 10 to 0 2 0 Spirits, Brandy,
S. I. fine 0 2 44 to 0 27 Cognac 0 6 99 to
to 010
Currants 5 5 0 to Geneva ,
Figs, Turkey 3 15 0 to 4 10 0 Schiedam 0 3 10 to 0 4 0
Flax, Riga 63 0 0 to 65 0 0
Hemp, Riga R. 43 0 0 to
-- Rum ,Jamai. • ; 4 to 0 4 4
Leew . Isl. O 29 to
Hops, new , Po. 13 0 0 to 18 18 0 Sugar, Jam . Br. 3 8 0 to 3 12 0
Bags 12 00 to 15 00 fine 4 2 0 to 4 5 0
Iron , Brit. Bars 10 0 0 to E. India 1 14 0 to 2 18 0
Pigs 6 0 0 to 7 Lump, fine 14 0 to 6 10 0
Oil, Salad 15 0 0 to 16 0 0 Tallow , Russia ,
Galipoli 100 0 9 to - Yellow 3 1 0 to
Rags, Hamburg 2 0 to Tea, Bohea 0 2 6 to 0 2 7
Raisins, Bloom Hyson, fine 0 5 1 to 0 5 6
or Jar . new 5 5 0 to 5 10 0 Wine, Mad. old 90 0 0 to 120 00
Rice, Car. new 1 19 0 to 2 3 0 Port, old 120 0 0 to 125 0 0
East India 2 2 0 to 2 5 0 Sherry 110 00 to 120 00

Premiums of Insurance at Lloyd's Coffee-house.- Guernsey or Jersey, 20s. Cork,

Dublin , or Belfast, 20s. Hamburgh, 11 gs. Madeira, 11 gs. Jamaica, 50s.
Course of Exchange, April 4.- Amsterdam , 39 :6 B. Hamburgh, 36 : 2. Paris,
25:40. Madrid, 351, effect. Lisbon ,'57. Dublin , 12.
Gold in bars, £ 3 : 18 : 6 per oz. New doubloons, £ 3 : 15 : 6. Silver in bars, 5s. Id.

The following is an account of the officialvalue of the Exports from Great Britain in
each year from 1792 to 1816, both inclusive -- distinguishing the value of British Pro
duce and Manufactures from that of Foreign and Colonial Merchandize :
British Produce Foreign and
and Colonial Total
Year . Manufactures. Merchandize. Exports.

1792, £ 18,336,851 £6,129,998 £ 24,466,849

1793 , 13,832,268 5,784,417 19,676,685
1794, 16,725,402 8,386,043 25,111,445
1795, 16,338,213 8,509,126 24,847,339
1796 , 19,102,220 8,923,848 28,026,063
1797, 16,903,103 9,412,610 26,315,743
1798 , 19,672,103 10,617,526 30,290,029
1799 , 24,084,213 9,556,141 33,640,357
1800 , 24,304,283 13,815,837 38,120,120
1801 , 25,699,809 12,087,047 37,786,856
1802, 26,993,129 14,418,837 41,411,966
1803 , 22,252,027 9,326,468 31,578,495
1804 , 23,935,793 10,515,574 34,451,867
1805, 23,004,337 9,950,508 34,954,845
1806 , 27,402,635 9,124,499 36,527,184
1807 , 25,171,422 9,395,149 36,566,571
1808 , 26,691,962 7,862,395 34,554,267
1809 , 35,104,122 15,182,768 50,286,900
1810, 34,923,575 10,946,204 45,869,859
1911 , 24,131,734 8,277,937 32,409,671
1812, 31,244,723 11,998,449 43,243,172
1813, The records of this year were destroyed by fire.
1814 , 36,092,167 20,499,347 56,591,514
1815, 44,053,455 16,930,439 60,985,894
1816, 36,714,534 14,545,933 51,260,467
(Signed ) WILLIAM IRVING ,
Inspector -General of the Imports and Exports of Great Britain .
Custom Housc, London, 13th March 1817.
 1817.) Register . Commercial Report. 15

Weekly Price of Stocks from 1st to 4th

31st.
March
11th ,
1817. 24th . 31st .
18th .

Bank Stock 2477 2475 2477 shut. shut .

3 per cent. reduced 69736 70579 70 € shut. shut.
per cent, consols 682,69 6913 691, 70 6978,70 714,7156
per cent. consols 8754 883 877 shut. shut,
5 per cent. Navy Ann. 99 % 96% 993 99 % 100 %
Imperial 3 per cent. Ann. 6778 69 683 shut. shut,
India Stock 203 203 203 shut. shut.
Bonds 37p. 42p. 35p. 35p. 43p .
3 d . Exchequer Bills 18p 16p 12p. 11p. 13p .
Omnium
Consols for Acc. 693 70% 704 70 % | 72873
American 3 per cent. 61 611
New Loan , 6 per cent. 99 99
French 5 per cent, 61,50 | 59,90 60,30

ALPHABETICAL Last of ENGLISH BANKRUPTCIES , announced between 1st and 31st

March 1817, extracted from the London Gazette.
Atmore , R.Foulsham , Norfolk , grocer
Adams, L. & J. Barker, Doncaster, iron - founders
Abrahams, L. Craven Buildings, London, glass-
merchant
Ardern , R. Stockport, hatter
Bold , J. O. Liverpool, merchant
Birdwood , S. Plymouth, linen -draper
Baber, J. St James's Street, London , dress-maker
Blackwell, R. Manchester ,manufacturing -chemist
Bannister, R. Royd in Meítham , Yorkshire, wool-
len -cloth manufacturer
Brown, J. Chesterfield , Derbyshire, grocer
Brooke, J. Rawfold , Yorkshire, oil-manufaeturer
Brown , E. & T. Hindle, Blackburn , grocers
Brookes, W. Paternoster Row, London , silk -manu-
facturer
Breeze, W. Stafford, potter
Binion , J. Edward Street, London , ironmonger
Baines, P. Preston , coal-merchant
Beech , J. Stone, Staffordshire, linen - draper
Bates, J. Halifax, merchant
Curtis, E. Chiswick , Middlesex , surgeon
Cree , R. Plymouth Dock, linen -draper
Charlton , J. Forster, Newcastle -upon - Tyne, ship-
owner
Dean, P. B. & J. Fairbrother, Tottington, Lanca-
shire ,cotton -spinners
Dunn, L. George Street, Mile-end, rope -maker
Davidson, J. &Warwick Court, London, merchant
Drakely, J. E. Clementson, Market -bosworth ,
Leicestershire, hosiers
Dutton , T. King Street, Cheapside, London , ware-
houseman
Davies, J. Popping Court, London , stereotype
founder and printer
Drew , R. Bradninch , merchant
Dutton, G. Brown's Buildings, London , cheese-
monger
Dowley, J. Willow Street, Bankside, corn -merchant
Foster, J. Liverpool, timber-merchant
Fell, J. Ratcliffe Highway, London , ironmonger
Gage, M. Miteham , brewer
Grosvenor, J. Hart's Hill, Worcestershire, rope
manufacturer
Grafton , E. Liverpool, glass-dealer
Galey, J. & W. Birmingham , brush manufacturers
Geary, W. Norwich , hosier
Harvey, W. G. Battle, gunpowder-manufacturer
Holmes, J. A. Holmes & J. Holmes, Tong, York-
shire, woolstaplers
Hilling, J. 3. Norwich , jeweller
Henriques, J. Cheltenheim , jeweller
Kilshaw , E. Lancashire, soap -boiler
Knott, J.Manchester, manufacturer
Lane, R. jun . Norwich, bookseller
Lush , J. Frome, Somerset, clothier
ALPHABETICAL List of Scotch BANKRUPTCIES, announced between Ist and 31st
March 1817, extracted from the Edinburgh Gazette.
Alexander & Samuel, Leith , merchants
Brown , George, Airdrie , watch and clock maker
Bryce & Aitken , Farenze Printfield , parish of Neil-
ston , calico-printers
Couper, John, Stenton , tenant, partner of Scott,
Burt, and Co. tanners, Kilconquhar
Craig , George, Prestonpans, merchant
Clark , Daniel , Auchaleek, near Campbletown, Michael, William ,and Son , Inverary, merchants
manufacturer
Donall, Thomas, Wick, merchant
Donald , William,
Fleming, Robert, Greenock
Peathill, ,merchant
merchant
and carrier
between Glasgow and Stirling
Little, W. Southshields, linen -draper
Lancaster, J. Whitley , Yorkshire, woollen -cloth
manufacturer
Middleton, J. King's Lyn, insurance- broker
Medex , M. Bread Street, London , merchant
Murray , W. Bath, money -scrivener
Morrall, w . Birmingham , factor
Morrice, D. Tenby,rope -manufacturer
Marshall, J. King's Head Court, Newgate Street,
London, wholesale linen -draper
Muir, A. Leeds, linen -draper
Marsh , T. Liverpool, spirit dealer
Niblett, F. Bread Street, Cheapside, money-seri
vener
Noyes, R.Bulford , Wilts, paper-manufacturer
Nash , R. Kingstone-upon - Thames, seed -crusher
Price, G. Threadneedle Street, London , hardware
man
Porter, R. & H Porter, Rood Lane, London , ship
brokers
Price, J. Bristol, ironmonger
Pearson, T. North Shields, linen -draper
Plaistow , J. & G. Liverpool, coopers
Pearson , J. Portsmouth , draper
Parsons, R. Swansea , iron -master
Phillips, J. Fenchurch Buildings, London , watch
manufacturer
Robertson , G. Liverpool, merchant
Robinson , W. & S. S. Clapham , Liverpool, mer
chants
Siordet, J. M. &J L. Siordet, Austin Friars, Lon
don , merchants
Summerset, J. Shorsted , Kent, farmer
Scott, R. B. Spring-Gardens, London , printer
Scott, W. Nottingham , iace-manufacturer
Southell , W. Liverpool, cabinet-maker
Steevens, W. Bristol, coal-merchant
Speirs, J. Birmingham , linen -draper
Tugood , J. Lancaster,ironmonger
Thompson , T.E. & T.NetherCompton , tlax spinners
Townshend, J. Ludgate Street, London , ware .
houseman
Thomas, M., R. Fillis & W. Cock , Plymouth , con
tractors
Toulman , W. Carmarthen Street , London , money
scrivener
Taylor, A. North Shields, sail-maker
Thomas, P. Mitre Court, London , merchant
Todd , G. Newcastle -upon - Tyne,spirit-merchant
Wilkinson , J. Sculcoats, Yorkshire, merchant
Wells , J. PolandStreet, London , cheesemonger
Woodburn , J. Millthorp, Westmoreland , timber
merchant
Willey , W. Leicester , draper
Wroe, J. Tong, York, worsted -manufacturer
Whitley, J. Daw Green , York, vintner
Ford, James, Esq. of Finhaven ,Montrose, merchant
Fraser, Alexander, Aberdeen , merchant
Hamilton, John , Dumbarton , merchant
M'Gouns, Watson , & Co. Greenock , merchants
M‘Liesh , David, jun. Perth , merchant
Mitchell, Alexander, FiddesbegofFoveran, Aber
deenshire , farmer and cattle dealer
Nixon , Richard , Dunbar, merrhant
Reid , Robert, Thornhill , merchant
Stewart, John, Dalnaspeedle, Perthshire , drover
and cattle dealer
Watt, James, Aberdeen, flesher
 116 Register.- Agricultural Report. [ April
AGRICULTURAL REPORT.

A winter rather mild, though wet, and marked by the long prevalence of strong gales
from the west, has been succeeded by an early spring, and of late , by very favourable
weather for committing the seeds to the ground . The spring crops will therefore prob
ably occupy the usual space ; but there is every reason to suspect that a much less extent
of wheat than usual was sown in autumn , and that only upon the driest soils could there
be any considerable addition made to it since. The grounds sown with the wheat of last
season are in several instances unpromising. Live stock of all kinds have passed the
winter well. The weather has been propitious to the early lambs. — The corn markets
have fluctuated little for some weeks, excepting in the article of inferior wheat, which at
present is hardly saleable : and if the supply offoreign wheat be as liberal as itis expect.
ed to be, a large portion of what remains of the last year's crop of British wheat is not
likely to be in demand at any price. Perhaps oats are the only species of grain on which
some farther advance may be expected, the stock ofthis grain in the high lands, and that
of potatoes, which in many places are used as a substitute, generally, being now nearly
consumed .' Premiums have been offered by the Highland Society of Scotland, and by
the Irish Societies, for encouraging the culture of early potatoes, whichit isto be hoped
may alleviate the pressure of scarcity and dearth duringthe summer.- -The late markets
for horses, cattle, and sheep, indicate an improvement in the demand ; sheep, in particú .
lar, have advanced considerably in this partof the island. Upon the whole, the prospects
of all those farmers whose chief dependence is not placed upon a wheat crop, which was
in by far the greater number of instances ruinously deficient last harvest, both in quantity
and quality, may be said to be much better than at the corresponding period last year.
London ," Corn Exchange, April 7 . Liverpool, Saturday, April 3.
Wheat, per qr. s. s
S. Bean , old S. S.
Select samples 124 to 130 per quarter .
60 to 68
-White runs . 80 to 116 Tick 27 to 39 Little business doing, and no variation in the
-Red ditto . 70 to 110 - Old
. 58 to 64 currency
45 to 58 Pease, boiling 42 to 58
Rye . 48 to 54 Wheat , S. d . s. d Beans, Irish , s. S.
Barley English 24 to 52 -Gray per 70 libs. per quar . 50 to 66
Malt • 60 to 80 Brank • 65 to 78
Oats,Feed (new ) 16 to 36 Flour, per sack English 19 0 to 20 6 Peas, per quar.
105
-old 40 to 43 - Second 85 to 95 New 10 0 to 20 0 - Boiling . 70 to 80
Scotch 19 6 to 20 0 Rice, p. c . (in b. ) 40 to 41
-Poland (new ) 18 to 38 -Scotch 80 to 90
Welsh . 19 0 to 20 0 Flour .
--- Old . 40 to 46 Pollard , per qr. 24 to 30 Irish New
-Potato (new ) 38 to 46 -Second 16 to 20 90 to 12 0 American p. bar. 75 to 78
Dantzic .
19 0 to 20 0 - Sour do .
Old 0 to o Bran .
. 10 to 11 Wismar 69 to 70
18 0 to
. 19 0
--Foreign . . . 25 to 18 American . 19 0 to 20 0 Provisions, fc.
Beans, pigeon . 36 to 43'Quart. loaf, 15d . to 17240 | Barley, per 60 libs. Beef. per tierce 105
English 6 0 to 9 0 - per barrel 66 to 70
Seeds, fc.-- April 7. Scotch 6 0 to 9 6 Pork , per barrel 80 to 85
Mustard , brown , s. 3. Cinquefoil S. Irish 7 0 to 7 6 Bacon , per cwt.
Old , per bush . 14 to 18 per quar. 36 to 50 Malt p . I gls. 12 0 to 14 6,-Short middles 68 to 70
-New ditto .
10 to 16 Rye - grass (Pacey ) 36 to 44 -Long ditto 64 to 66
8 to 10 -Common 12 to 31
Oats per 15 lb.
-Old White Eng: potato 5 0 to 6 3 Butter, per cwt.
-New ditto 5 to 8 Clover, English , common 4 9 to 59 - Belfast 84
Tares 8 to 10 -Red , per cwt. c3 to 126
Irish potato 5 6 to 6 2 Colerain 78 to 80
Turnip , green
round
White
26 to 32 -For , red
65
60
to
to
120
150
- common 5 5 to 5 6 -Newry 76 to 78
-White 26 to 32 White 51 to 115
Scot. potato 5 6 to 6 0 - Droglieda 72 to 74
-Red 34 to 42 Trefoil
.
- common 5 3 to 56 - Cork , 3d . 76
. 10 to 42 2d pickled 86 to 88
Welsh potato 5 0 to 5 6
Canary , per qr. 76 to 80 Rib grass 30 to 72 -common 4 6 to 4 9 Seeds.
-New 65 to 75 Carraway (Eng. ) 66 to 72 S. s . Clover, p. bush .
Hempseed 115 to 126 -Foreign 45 to 51 Oatmeal, per 240 lb. White 120 to 140.
-New 96 to 105 Coriander 14 to 18
English 56 to 58 - Red 110 to 120
New Rapeseed , per last,£ 48 to £ 50. - Linseed Oil- Scotch 52 to 56 Flaxseed , per
Cake, at the mill, £ 16, 16s. per thousand. Irish 50 to 52 hhd . sowing £5 10
Rape -Cake, £9, to £ 10. Beans, English 56 to 60 Rapeseed , p . 1. £ 10 to £45
EDINBURGH.- APRIL 9.
Wheat. Barley. Oats. Pease & Beans.
Ist, ......57s. Od. 1st,......44s. Od. Ist, ......44s. Od . 1st, ......38s. Od.
2d , ......47s. Od. 2d , ......40s. Od. 2d, ......35s. Od. 2d , ......35s. ( d .
3d , ......38s. Od. 3d, .36s. Od. 3d , ......30s. Od. 3d, ......32s. Od.
Average of Wheat, £2 : 2 : 11 ].
HADDINGTON.- APRIL 11 .
Old Wheat, 72s. to 745.—Pease, 34s. to 38s.-Beans, 34s. to 38s.
NEW
Wheat. Barley. Oats. Pease. Beans.
1st ......54s. Od. 1st, ......45s. ( d . 1st,......42s. Od. 1st,......37s. Od . Ist, ..... 37s. Od.
2d, .40s. Od. | 2d, 40s. Od. | 2d ,......345. Od . 2d , ......35s. Od. | 2d ,......35s. Od.
3d, ..26s. 6d. 3d ,...... 35s. Od. 3d , .28s. Od. | 3d , ......3ls. Od. | 30 ,...... 31s. Od.
Average of Wheat, £ 1 : 19 : 11 .
Note The boll of wheat, beans, and pease, is about 4 per cent. more than half a quarter ,
or 4 Winchester bushels ; that of barley and oats nearly 6 Winchester bushels.
1817.) Register .--Agricultural Report. 117
AVERAGE PRICES OF CORN FROM THE LONDON GAZETTE .

By the Quarter of Eight Winchester Bushels,and of Oatmeal perBoll of 140 lbs Avoir
dupois, from the Official Returns received in the Week ending March 29, 1817.
INLAND COUNTIES.
Wheat. Rye. Barley. Oats. Beans. Pease . Oatm .
s. d. s. d . S. d . $. d . 8. d . $. d . s. d .
Middlesex , 109 10 59 3 45 10 34 8 45 11 51 9 0 0
Surrey, 105 4 54 6 46 2 33 8 46 8 49 4 0 0
Hertford , 93 4 46 0 43 2 33 0 426 41
Bedford , .. 96 10 63 2 46 2 34 10 46 0 53 0
98 9 0 43 10 29 8 44 0
Huntingdon ,
Northampton , 108 4 0 0 43 6 29 2 58 8 0
Rutland , 92 3 0 0 44 6 32 0 47 0 o 41 2
Leicester, 103 11 56 4 37 4 67 6 69 0 29 10
1024 58 35 10 61 8 71 0 0 0
Nottingham ,
Derby, 98 0 55 0 37 6 66 8 56 0 0
Stafford , 101 3 51 5 39 9 74 8 36 9
Salop ,and 111 7 50 59 3 37 6 78 2 56 5 60
Hereford , 113 0 64 52 3 28 5 46 45 10 46
Worcester , 112 2 47 33 1 49 4 0
Warwick , 123 8 51 8 36 64 5 73 9 36
Wilts, and 96 0 52 6 31 61 0 0
Berks, 116 10 40 11 29 1 45 10 48 6
Oxford , 124 0 50 4 33 0 60 0
Bucks, 109 0 41 33 6 45 9 53
Brecon , 105 7 60 62 4 0 0 64 42
Montgomery , 111 2 0 64 0 329 0 0 57 7 39 2
Radnor, 109 3 52 6 28 9 0 0 51 2
MARITIME COUNTIES .
Essex , manom 98 0 56 0 43 2 32 56 6 45 6 0 0
102 6 0 0 44 8 38 49 0 56 6 0 0
Kent,'. 41 0 28 50 0 0 0 61 9
111 10 0
Sussex ,.iconswers
1129 0 0 48 4 29 5 34 9 47 3 0 0
Suffolk ,
93 0 0 0 28 5 20 3 38 10 32 0 0 0
Cambridge,
Norfolk , 111 2 48 11 40 8 34 9 33 7 41 0 0 0
Lincoln , 83 5 74 0 47 11 29 5 44 11 0 0 28 0
York , woman.com 79 6 54 10 41 2 32 10 52 0 0 0 31 0
Durham , 87 4 0 0 62 0 40 2 76 0 0 0 0 0
70 7 60 0 48 8 40 0 0 0 61 6 0 0
Northumberland ,
Cumberland , 76 9 79 8 60 3 43 0 0 0 0 31 3
Westmorland, ancora 96 10 84 0 58 9 46 0 0 0 74 0 37 4
Lancaster , 104 11 0 0 0 0 41 6 64 4 0 0 36 11
Chester , woman.com 94 6 0 0 63 7 43 9 0 0 0 0 35 6
Flint, commerce.com 108 2 0 0 60 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
98 5 0 0 59 9 40 11 0 0 0 0 55 10
Denbeigh , 0 0 0 60 0 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Anglesea,
Carnarvon ,masa ... 108 6 0 0 63 4 40 8 0 0 0 0 41 6
Merionethgunaannoncen 1126 0 0 61 3 5 0 0 0 0 40 5
112 0 0 0 0 0 16 0 0 0 0
Cardigan , 99 3 0 0 43 8 18 10
Pembroke, 0 0 0 0
Carmarthen , camera 114 0 0 0 54 3 18 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Glamorgan , 104 8 0 0 60 0 28 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Gloucester.
, nancom 123 8 0 0 58 11 29 5 79 9 0 0
Somerset, 122 8 0 0 54 7 24 0 0 0 0 0
Monmouth , wasser 123 4 0 61 10 0 0 0 0 0
Devon , war 117 5 0 54 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cornwall , comowam 96 9 0 0 55 11 22 10 0 0 0 0

Dorset ........sama 114 10 0 0 45 8 28 10 58 9 O 0

Hants , www.wasseromorovana 123 0 0 0 52 11 28 2 50 4 0 0

All England and Wales.

Wheat, 104s. 9d .-- Rye, 61 . 10d. - Barley, 5ls, 8d . - Oats, 32s. 6d.--Beans, 51s. 1d . - Pease, 55s. 20.
Oatmeal, 10s. 7d .-Beer or Big, Os. Od .
Average Prices of Corn , per quarter, of the Twelve Maritime Districts, for the Week
ending March 22.
Whcat, 101s. 10d . - Rye, 65s. 3d . - Barley, 51s. 2. - Oats, 32s. Id . - Beans, 56s. 6d. Pease, 53s.
Average of Scotlandfor the Four Weeks preceding 15th March .
Wheat, 74s. Id .- Nyc, 58s. 34. --Barley, 17s. Id . - Oats, 575. 2d .-- Beans, 60s. Si.Pease, C2s.
Oatmeal, 32s. 10d.-Beer or Big , 42s 7
118 Register. Meteorological Report. [ April

METEOROLOGICAL TABLE .

Extractedfrom the Register kept on the Banks of the Tay,four miles eastfrom
Perth , Latitude 56° 25', Elevation 185 feet.

JANUARY 1817.
Means. Extremes .
Thermometer. Mean of greatest daily heat, 430.8 56.0
cold , 34.7 Thermometer . Greatest heat, soth day,
.........temperature , 10 A.M. 38.8 Greatest cold , 15th , 25.0
10 P.M. 38.2 Highest, 10 A.M. 30th. 52.0
.... of daily extremes , 39.2 Lowest, ... ... 15th, 28.0
......... of 10 A.M. and 10 P.M. 38.5 Highest, 10 P.M. 10th , 46.5
of 4 daily observations, 38.9
Lowest . .... 14th , 27.0
In . Barometer. Highest, 10 A.M. 31st, 30.330
Barometer. Mean , 10 A.M. (temp. of mer. 18° ) 29.467 Lowest, 17th, 28.475
10 P.M. ( temp. of mer. 54 ) 29.507 Highest, 10 P.M.31st, 30.360
.........

of both , (temp. of mer. 51 ) 29.487 Lowest, ..., 20th , 28.340

Hygrometer (Leslie's). Mean dryness, 10 A.M. 70.8 Hygrometer . Highest, 10 A.M. 11th, 30.0
.................... 10 P.M. 7.1 Lowest , .. ...4th , 0.0
Highest, 10 P.M. 13th , 15.0
of both, 7.5
0.0
Rain , 1.904 in. Evaporation , 1.100 in . Lowest,...............5th ,
Fair days 19 ; rainy days 12. Wind West of meridian , including North , 21 ; East of meridian , including
South , 7.

FEBRUARY .

Acans. Extremes .
Thermometer. Mean of greatest daily heat, 46° .7
..... cold , 35.3 Thermometer. Greatest heat, 28th day, 540.5
......... temperature, 10 A.M. 41.6 Greatest cold, 10th , 29.5
10 P.M. 38.7 Highest, 10 A.M. 17th , 50.0
41.0 Lowest , .13th , 32.0
........of daily extremes, Highest, 10 P.M. 7th , 49.5
.......... of 10 A.M. and 10 P.M. 40.1
Lowest, .12th , 32.0
.........of 4 daily observations, 40.6
30.450
In . Barometer. Highest, 10 A.M. Ist,
Barometer. Mean , 10 A.M. ( temp. of mer . 50) 29.515 Lowest ,..... ..21st , 28.900
Highest, 10 P.M. 1st, 30.410
10 P.M. ( temp. of mer. 52 ) 29.481
of both , (temp. of mer . 51 ) 29.498 Lowest, 15th , 28.900
Hygrometer ( Leslie'st. - Mean dryness, 10 A.M. 12.1 Hygrometer . Highest, 10 A.M. 27th , 25.0
....
.......... 10 P.M. 7.2 Lowest,.... .13th , 2.0
of both , 9.6 Highest, 10 P.M. 14th , 15.0
Lowest, ...... ...4th , 0.0
Rain , 1.684 in . Evaporation, 1.753.
Fair days 13 ; rainy days 15. Wind West ofmeridian , including North , 27 ; East of meridian , including
South, 1 .

MARCH

Mcans. Extremes .
Mean of highest every day , 45.241 Thermometer. Greatest heat, 12th day, 52.500
Thermometer.
35.822 Greatest cold , 20th , 22.000
.....lowest , 10.113
......10 A.M. Highest, 10 A.M. 15th, 18.000
....10 P.M. 36.903 Lowest, ..... .20th, 26.000
............highest and lowest, 39.532 Ilighest, 10 P.M. 11th, 46,500
.10 A.M. and 10 P.M. 38.508 Lowest, ... .... 20th , 23.000
..........4 daily observations, 39.020 Barometer. Highest, 10 A.M. 17th, 30.250
Mean of 10 A.M. 29.531 Lowest ,..... ......6th , 28.600
Barometer .
............. 10 P.M. 29.550 Highest, 10 P.M. 17th. 30.150
.2 daily observations, 29.532 Lowest, .........5d , 28.465
Hygrometer . Mean of 10 A.M. 18.097 Hygrometer. Highest, 10 A.M. 15th , 30.000
............ 10 P.M. 6.322 Lowest, ..5th , 5.000
...... 2 daily observations 18.209 Highest, 10 P.M. 18th, 16.000
Rain , .958 in . Evaporation , 2.010 inches . Lowest ................ 5d , 0.000
Number of fair days 18 ; rainy days 13. Wind from Western side of horizon, including the North, 28 ;
from Eastern sied, including the South, 3 .
1817.) Births and Marriages. 119

BIRTHS, MARRIAGES, AND DEATHS.

BIRTHS.
Elizabeth , eldest daughter and co -heiress of
1817. Jan, 2.-In Devonshire Place, the Montague Burgoyne , Esq. of Mark Hall ,
lady of Maj.-Gen . Sir Wm Anson , K.C.B. Essex. At Broadfield , Wm Macknight
a son . - 4 . In Hertford Street, the Countess Crawford , Esq. of Ratho, to Jean, second
of Clonmell, a son and heir. - At Holy- daughter of the late John Crawford , Esq. of
combe, Sussex , the wife of C. W. Taylor, Broadfield. 14. Rev. T. Clarke, vicar of
Esq . M. P. a son and heir.- At Cortachy Mitchel-dever, Hants, to Anna Maria,
Castle, the lady of the Hon. Donald Ogilvy, youngest daughter of the late Hon . John
a daughter.- AtMontreal, the Countess of Gray.— 20. John Becket, Esq. under secre
Selkirk , a daughter. - 11. In Wimpole tary of state for the home department, to
Street, the lady of Hon. J. T. Melville, a Lady Anne Lowther, third daughter of the
son. - 14 . In Wimpole Street, the lady of Earl of Lonsdale. - 21. Thomas Boswell,
Right Hon. Lord Bridport, adaughter. Esq. of Blackadder, co. Berwick, to Lucy
15. At Clova , Lady Niven Lumsden , a Anne, eldest daughter of Robert Preston ,
daughter. - 16. Viscountess Folkestone, a Esq. ofNew Sidney Place, Bath . - 22. The
daughter. — 26. At Salton Hall,Lady Elea. Earl of Longford to the lady Georgiana
nor Balfour, a daughter.-.- 27. In Charlotte Lygon, daughter of the late, and sister of
Street,Pimlico, thewife of Michael Countze, the present,Earl of Beauchamp.- At Bou
Esq. three boys and one girl. - 31. At the logne, Col. William Staveley, C.B. to Sarah ,
Admiralty, the wife ofJohn Wilson Croker, eldest daughterof T. Mather, Esq .-- 23. At
Esq. a son . Musselburgh, Major John Sutherland Sin
Feb. 4. - At Powerscourt House , Chelten- clair of the Royal Artillery, to Frances,
ham , the lady of Sir Hungerford Hoskyns, youngest daughter of Captain David Ram
Bart. of Harewood House , co. Hereford , a say of the Royal Navy.-- 27. At Ugbrooke
son . – At Valenciennes , the wife of Lieut.- Park, Devon , Hon. MrLangdale of Haugh
Col. Macgregor, 88th Regiment, a daugh . ton, co. York , to the Hon. Charlotte Clif.
ter. - 6. At Edinburgh, the lady of General ford, daughter of Lord Clifford . — 28. Lieut
Macpherson Grant, Esq. M. P. a daughter. Col. H. F. Muller, 1st Royal Scots Foot,to
-11. AtEdinburgh , the wife of George Susan, second daughter ofthelate P. Wyatt
Francis Dundas, a son . - 17. Viscountess Crowther, Esq. comptroller of the city of
Duncannon, a daughter.- 20. At Brussels, London. - 29. Captain Ord, Royal Artillery,
the Princess of Orange, a son . — 27. The second son of Craven Ord, Esq. of Green
wife of William Henry Ashhurst, Esq. M.P. sted Hall, Essex, to Miss Blagrave , niece
a daughter. to the late Lady Cullum of Hardwicke
March 3. _AtAqualate Hall, Salope, the House, Suffolk .- 30. Peter Herve, Esq.
lady of Sir John Fenton Boughay, Bart. a founder of the National Benevolent In .
daughter.- 5. At Guines, in France, the stitution ,” to Miss Nicholls of Hampstead ,
ladyof John Abercromby, Esq. 20 Dragoon daughter of the late J. Nicholls, Esq. of
Guards, a son . - 6. At Wells, the lady of Lincoln's Inn.
the Hon. Dr Ryder, Bishop of Gloucester, a Feb. 1. - William Henry Layton, Esq.
daughter. - 8 . At Bath, the lady of Rear- eldest son of Rev. T.Layton, vicar of Chig
Admiral Sir John Gore, K.C.B. a daughter. well, to FrancesElizabeth, seconddaughter
-12. At Runcorn , Cheshire, the wife of and co-heiress of Ellys Anderson Stephens,
Captain Bradshaw, R. N. a son and heir.- Esq. of Bower Hall, Essex.- 3. Captain J.
13. At Yester House, the Marchioness of L. Stuart of the Bengal Army, grandson of
Tweeddale, a daughter. - 14. Mrs Buchanan Francis, late EarlofMoray, to Sarah , sixth:
of Auchintorlie, a son and heir. - 17. At daughter of the late Robert Morris , Esq.
Methley Park , co . York , Viscountess Pol. M.P. for Gloucester. - A. Donaldson Camp
lington, a son.- 21. At Melbury, the Coun . bell, Esq. of Glasgow, to J. Maria, daugh
tess of Ilchester, a son. ter of Colonel Dunlop of Househill, co .
Renfrew . - 4 . At Ickham Church , Kent,
MARRIAGES.
andat the Chapel at Hales Place, Edward
Jan. 6. — Lord Huntingfield to Miss Blois, Quillinan, Esq. 3d Dragoon Guards, to
daughter ofSir C. Blois, Bart. of Cockfield Jemima, second daughter of Sir Egerton
Hall, Suffolk . – 8. H. J. Conyers, Esq. only Brydges of Lee Priory, near Canterbury,
son of J. Conyers, Esq. of Copthall, Essex, Bart. M.P.- 5. Sir Watkin Williams Wyn.
to Harriet, second daughter of Right Hon. ne, Bart. to Lady Harriet Clive, eldest
T. Steel. - 9 . At Strone, Captain William daughter of the Earl of Powis.-6. At Del.
Cameron , 79th Regiment, to Miss Jane vine, Robert Smythe, Esq. of Methven, to
Cameron, daughter to Captain Donald Susan, eldest daughter of Sir Alexander
Cameron of Strone.-- Lieutenant- Colonel Muir Mackenzie, Bart .- 11. Sir John
Beresford , deputy quarter -master-general Anstruther of Anstruther, Bart. M. P. to
in Nova Scotia, to Mary, daughter of the Jessie, third daughter of Major -General
Rev. J. Gilby, rector of Barmston, county Dewar of Gilston . - 15. Major-General
of York.-13. By special license, Lieut.. Moore, to Cecilia , only child of W. Watson ,
Col. Sir Guy Campbell, Bart. to Frances Esq. ofQueen's Square.- 17. Philip Zacha
 120 Marriages and Deaths.
riah Cox, Esq . Captain of 238 Lancers, to colonel of the 2d battalion 60th foot, and
Louisa Frances, youngest daughter of the great uncle to the present Lord Dorchester.
late Tho. Waleston, Esq. of Walton -hall, 3. Sir Isaac Pennington, Knt. M.D. Re.
co . York .- 22. Thomas Stamford Raffles, gius professor of physic, Cambridge. - 4. Mrs
Esq. of Berner's-street, to Sophia, daughter Christiana Howell, in her 107th year. She
of James Watson Hull, Esq . late of Great was sister to the late Colonel Monro of the
Baddow.-27. George Ulric Barlow, Esq. royal marines.—6. The Right Hon . Lady
eldest son of SirGeorgeBarlow, Bart. G.C.B. Glenbervic. - 7. At the Jews' Hospital,
to Hilare, third daughter of Sir R. Barlow . Mile - end, aged 104, Henry Cohen. He was
March 5.-At Albury -vaie, Surrey, Jas. taken ill in the morning, and expired in the
Simpson , Esq. advocate, to Eliza, second evening, retaininghisfaculties to the last.-
daughter of the late Jonas Maldin , Esq. of 8. At Pisa, Francis Horner, Esq. M.P. (See
Putney. our first article. ) — In her 89th year, the
Dowager Lady Carew .--11 . Aged 82, Sir
DEATHS . John Palmer, Bart. – 14 . At Marseilles,
Jan. 1.- At Berlin , the celebrated che. Lieut. -Gen. the Hon. Sir John Abercromby,
mist Klaproth , in the 71st year of his age. G.C.B. and Member of Parliament for the
-2. At Foveran -house, Andrew Robertson , county of Clackmannan . — At her hotel, in
Esq. of Foveran, aged 86. - In his 66th · Paris, aged 85, the Countess of Coislin , for
year, Sir Martin Stapylton, Bart. of Myton- merly one of the attendants on the Queen of
hall, county of York. - 4. In the 77th year Louis XV. and grand -aunt of the duchess of
of his age, Sir Arthur Owen , Bart. He is Pia of Bavaria.- 15. At Edinburgh , Lady
succeeded in his title by his nephew , Wil. Miller, wife of Sir William Miller of Glen
liam Owen, of the Temple, barrister-at- law. lee, Bart.-17. Aged 80, Rear-Admiral
-8. At Hainfield , in Styria,Godfrey Win- AlexanderEdgar. He wasthe last male de
ceslaus, Count of Purgstall, & c. only son of scendant of the Edgars of Wedderlic, in Ber
the late Winceslaus, Count of Purgstall, & c. wickshire, one of the oldest families in Scot
and of Jane Anne, second daughter of the land, as appearsby deeds as far back as 1170.
late Hon. George Cranston .- 9 . At Wells, -19. At Edinburgh , the Lady of Sir Alex
Tho. Clark , Esq. of Westholme-house. He ander Don of Newton-Don , Bart. M.P.
was descended from a branch of the ancient 21. At Stirling, the Rev. John Russel, one
and well -knownfamily of his name of Pen- of the ministers of that town , in the 44th
nicuick , near Edinburgh.- 10. At West year of his ministry. At Little Dunkeld,
Ham , Essex, George Anderson, Esq. F.L.S. Perthshire, aged 102 , Mr J. Borrie.- 23.
son of the late Dr James Anderson, author The Right Hon. Lady Amelia Leslie, second
of Essays on Agriculture, The Bee, and daughter of the late Earl of Rothes . - 21.
oth works. - At St Andrews, Rev. Dr Lady Henrietta Cecilia . hnstone . Lately ,
Robertson,professor of orientallanguages. at Rudding Park, in her $3d year, the Dow
-11. At Edinburgh , Mr Moss, long the ager Countess of Aberdeen.-At Cammaes,
dramatic favourite of the Edinburgh public, inthe parish of Llanhadrick, Anglesea, aged
and well known for the excellence with 105 , Mary Zebulon . At Trawnstynydd,
which he pourtrayed Lingo, and many other county of Merioneth , aged 110, Edmund
characters of the same stamp. – 14. At Clif. Morgan, being, as it is believed , the oldest
ton, Lady Miller, widow of the late Sir inhabitant of Wales. He retained his facul.
Thomas Miller of Gļenlee, Bart.-15. At ties to the hour of his death .-- At Eglinton
Dundee, Charles Craig , weaver, at the ad. Castle, aged 74, Eleonora, Countess of Eg
vanced age of 108.- 20. At Edinburgh , linton . - The ci-devant Prince Primate of
General Drummond of Strathallan . - 21. At the Rhine, and Grand-duke of Frankfort.
Johannisberg, aged 76, the Prince Ho- March 2.-- At Brighton , in her 74th
henloe -Waldenberg- Bartenstein, Bishop of year, Theodosia, Countess of Clanwilliam .
Breslau . — 23. At Turin , the Count de Bar. Her ladyship was lineally descended from
ruel-Bauvert . He was one of the hostages the illustrious Earl of Clarendon.-3. At
for Louis XVI. - 24 . At Warsaw , General Edinburgh , Major -Gen . William Lockhart,
Bronickowski, who commanded the Polish late of the 30th regiment .-5. At Gilcom
legion of the Vistula, France.-26. In ston , Aberdeenshire, aged 101 , John Mac
Grosvenor-place, Caroline, Dowager Coun- Bain. He was present at the battle of Cul
tess of Buckinghamshire.—28. Lieut.-Col.loden , and was attached to the corps brought
Norris, of the engineers in the East India into the field by Lady M'Intosh . - 9 . In
Company's service. - Lieut.-Col. Finlayson. Bolton-row , in her 75th year, Jane, Coun
--Lately at Aron , Galway, in his 120th tess of Uxbridge, mother of the present Mar
year, Mr Dirrane. He retained his facul- quis of Anglesea.- 12. In his 84th year, G.
ties tothe last, could read withoutspectacles, P. Towry, Esq. commissioner of the Victual
and till within the last three or four years, ling-office, father of Lady Ellenborough.
would walk some miles a-day. 13. Sir William Innes , Bart. of Balvenie, at
Feb. 2.-At Seagrove, near Leith , Dame the age of about 100 years. The title is now
Jane Hunter Blair, widow of the late Sir extinct.- 15. At the encampment at Ilonni
James Hunter Blair of Dunskey and Robert- ton , Mrs Boswill, sister to the Queen of the
Jand;. Bart.- Aged 85, General Carleton , Gypsies. She was intcrred with great pomp,
2
Oliver & Boyd, Printers, Edinburgh.
 BLACKWOOD'S
EDINBURGH MAGAZINE .
No II. MAY 1817. Vol. I.

Contents.
ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS. ORIGINAL POETRY .
Onthe Nature of the Office ofMareschal 123 A Last Adieu mina comisinguna169
Account -of_Mr Ruthven's improved The Pastoman
mansman ib .
Printing Press 125 The Mossy Seat mainan ib .
Account of the Method of Engraving on Stanzas imaging ZO
Stone m128 A Night Scene many
ib .
Anecdote of the Highlanders in 1745 ; Lines written in Spring . ib .
by Mary Lady Clerk W129 The Mermaid ( From the German of
Inscription in the Church of St Hilary.130 Goethe Jamanang mmm.171
On the Origin of Hospitals for the Sick ib . Greece ( From the French of Ardans ju ib .
On “ Sitting below the Salt” . „132 REVIEW OF NEW PUBLICATIONS.
On the Fall of Volcanic Dust in the
Island of Barbadoesaanmana 134 Duchess of Angouleme's Journal.mmm.172
Anecdotes of Antiquariesmanna 136 Ricardo on the Principles of Political
Economy and Taxation mmarpanamene175
Chemical Process of Combustion memm 138
On the Original of Milton's Satan mmm140 Bingley's Useful Knowledge mana
aina178
White's New Invented Horizonmama142 ANALYTICAL NOTICES.
Tales and Anecdotes of the Pastoral Life , Encyclopædia Britannica - Supplement,
No II.mod -143 Vol. II . Part I.mn 180
Remarks on Greek Tragedy, No II. Edinburgh Encyclopædia, Vol. XI.
( Æschyli ChæphorimSophocles Elec- Part I. m186
trajaminamas mannaa 145 LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC
Shakspeare Club of Alloa mamman 152 INTELLIGENCE 189
Notices concerning the Scottish Gypsies WORKS PREPARING for PÚBLICATION 194
(continued ) mr...154 MONTHLY LIST QF NEW PUBLICA
TIONSamanan mw196
SELECT EXTRACTS.
Memorie of the Somervilles mammamama162 MONTHLY REGISTER .
FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE.agpaqaramain 199
ANTIQUARIAN REPERTORY.
PROCEEDINGS OF PARLIAMENT 206
Letter from James IV . to the King of BRITISH CHRONICLE m 211
Denmark, in Favour of Anthony British Legislation..non 1218
Gawino, Earl of Little Egypt, & c. Promotions and Appointmentsman 219
1506 minn 167 Commercial Report 221
Act of the Lords of Council, respecting Agricultural Reportmasamang 224
John Faw, & c. 1541 ib . Meteorological Report. 226
Confessions of Witchcraft, 1623.cap.omna ib. | Births, Marriages ,and Deaths, 227

EDINBURGH :
WILLIAM BLACKWOOD , NO 17, PRINCE'S STREET, EDINBURGH ;
AND T. CADELL AND W. DAVIES, STRAND, LONDON ;
To whom Communications ( post paid ) may be addressed .
SOLD ALSO BY ALL THE BOOKSELLERS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM .

(OLIVER & BOYD, Printers, Edinburgh.1

 NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.
The curious “ Antiquarian Notices,” by the learned author of the article
“ On the Nature of the Office of Mareschal,” — and the letter relating to the
compilation of a Gaelic Dictionary, will appear in our next.
The articles— “ On the Utility of studying the Ancient and Foreign Lan
guages" - " On the Origin of Whig and Tory" - " On the Detrition of Moun
tains, & c .” — and the Review of a recent elegant Poem , transmitted by A. D.
are under consideration .
The Review of Dr Irving's Life of Buchanan has been unavoidably post
poned .
The continuation of the “ Memorandums of a View - Hunter,” — and the
Letter relating to the proposed New Translation of the Psalms, were too late
for insertion .
The obliging ' Hints' from N - 's, and the Additional Communications from
• Strila ,' and from “ An unknown Friend ,” have been duly received :-- Also ,
several Gypsey Notices, which will be carefully attended to in our next.
The paper on ‘ Craniology,' by Peter Candid,' would have appeared in our
present Number if it had not contained some improper personal allusions.
The “ Memoirs of the House of Graham ,” in the shape in which they have
been sent us, have nothing more to recommend them than the good intentions
of the author.
The paper under the title of “ Irish Literature,” which announces the
intended early publication of an “ Irish - English Dictionary," in one volume
quarto , by Edward O'Reilly, " was omitted to be noticed in another place.
From the same quarter we have received some extracts from a new work, of
which the object seems to be to prove an affinity between the Hebrew and
Irish languages ; but we know not well what to make of them , and our corres
pondent has not condescended to assist us.
 BLACKWOOD'S
EDINBURGH MAGAZINE .

No II .] MAY 1817. ( Vol. I.

ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS.

ON THE NATURE OF THE OFFICE “ He callit his marschall till him tyt,
OF NARESCHAL . And bad him luke on all maner ;
That he ma till his gem gud cher ;
The learned Selden has traced the For he wald in his chambrebe,
A weill gret quhile in private.”
etymology of MARSHAL under all its BARBOUR, II. 4. MS.
variations of Mariscaldus, Marscaldus, Edward the Second's valet is called
and Marscalcus, from the Teutonic marescallus aule regis.” + It was
“ schalk ," a servant, and “ maere," a stewards of
indiscriminately givengovernorsofjails
horse,or rather a mare the mare,it bishops andabbots, † to
seems, being always the better horse *, and prisons, $ andofficers attending
andtherefore very properly usedge- upon courtsof law , || &c. &c.
nerically to designate the species These were not unfrequently depu
adding, thatthe term strictlydescribes ties ofthe hereditary marshal ofthe
a person who busied himself about kingdom , but most commonlythey
horses and the manege . were 66
servientes ," or functionaries of
This popular derivation is, in some rather a higher order .
degree, countenanced by the epithet There was also an old English office,
having been applied to innkeepers, of a singular importto modern ears,
grooms, farriers,and horse-doctors, as held heritably by grand sergeantry,
is proved by sundry, passages from and attached to a mañor, " mares
Becanust, the capitularies of Charle- callus demeretricibus in hospitio regis .”
magne, and other authorities. It is, An ancient roll of Edward the Third
however, at the same time, evinced to indicates , that “ Johannes de War
have very early received other signifi- blynton, filius et hæres Thomæ de
cations, having no reference either to Warblyntone, fecit finem cumrege,
theabove quadrupeds or to their at- & c. quod dictus Thomas tenuit ma
tendants.
Marshal notoriously denoted a civil * Quoted by Dr Jamieson under this
officer whose jurisdiction lay alone word. Vid. also Du Cange, voce Marescal.
within the state rooms of a palace lus.
“ marechal de palais”—an adept in + “ Rex concessit valetto Galfrido de
the ceremonies and forms of court. Mildenhall, marescallo aule regis, unum
etiquette ; and, at the same time, any messuagium — in Bredon .” (17 Ed . II.
superior domestic servant or steward, Abbreviat. Rot. Orig.Scaccar.)
“ Marescallus
in which lastsense it is used in this lus Abbatis Episcopi,”
," with theirex “ Marescal
planations
. Du
passage from Barbour : Cange.
§ Marescallus Banci Regis," in statuto
* “ Marescalcus, equorum minister vel Edwardi III. ar. 5, c. 8. Cui pottissimum
potius equarum , quod præstare olim videe incarceratorum incumbebat. Inde “ Ma.
batur genus fæemineum ,ut apud Græcos in reschalcia ," dictus ipse carcer Londoniensis.
Jovis Olympiaci certaminibus,” & c. Seld. Ib.
Glossar. n “ Marescallus Curiæ ,” in Bulla Aurea
+ Bec. Lib . Francicorum . Caroli IV. Imper. cap. 27. Ib.
Vol. I. Q2
124 Office of Mareschal. [ May
nerium de Shirefield , tanquam ma- The said John Warblington must
rescallus de meretricibus in hospitio have been as versatile andexpansive
regis." as Mercury ; for he not only performed
Such an establishment was then an the more familiar duties of this deli
ordinary appendage of courtetiquette ; cate charge, but also the high legal
it was as indispensable as a foreign or office of coroner within the liberties of
chestra, or a regiment of grenadiers, to the palacewas clerk of the market to
any German prince and their imitators the household, or purveyor-general
in our own times . thereof - brokecondemned felons upon
His most Christian Majesty, how- the wheel - exercised the duties of a
eter , was not so very Turkish as to gauger , and enforced the observance
permit the superintendence to one of ofhis self- regulated standard of weights
his own sex , as we find from the royal and measures.
expenditure of his household at the The etymology, then , of the excel
commencement of the sixteenth cen , lent Selden would appear not to be
tury.t altogether conclusive ; and Wachtert
« A Olive Sainte, dame des filles de would seem to be more fortunate, in
joye suivantla cour du royI, 90 livres seducing the term from “ mer , mar,"
par lettres données a Watteville le 12. major vel princeps, and schalk , as be
May 1535, pour lui aider, et auxdites fore, a servant, i. e. officer of any
filles a vivre et supporter les depenses kind — thus making it to signify any
qu'il leur convient faire a suivre ordi- considerable officer or superintendent,
nairement la cour . Alius, an. 1539.- or, accordingto Jameson (who seems
A Cecile Viefville, dame des filles de rather to incline to this deduction ),
joye suivant la cour, 90 livres, par upper servant, or steward - not neces
lettres du 6. Janv. 1538, tant pour elle, sarily of the crown alone ; a much
que pour les autres femmes, et filles more extended signification, and one
de savacation , a departir entr'elles pour which accounts for the term having
leur droit, du 1. jour de May dernier characterised so many various and he
passé, qui etoit dû a cause du bouquet terogeneous employments.
qu'elles presenterent au roy ledit jour, I have forgot to allude to the more
que pour leurs estrains, du 1. Janvier ; ordinary sense, indicative of high mi
ainsi qu'il est accoustume de faire de litary command, f either as exercised
tout temps . Eadem occurrunt annis by the marshal of Scotland over the
1540, 41 , 42, 44, 40." royal guards, previous to the union, or
The old adageinpapal times, “ Ju- by field marshals, or marshals ofar
dæi vel meretrices, was not always mies, personages familiar to all. An
equally vilifying. Carpentier remarks, office of a similar nature,—to com
« Quæ ( se. meretrices ) hic uti infames pare small things with great,-would
habentur, de comitatu regio fuerunt, appear formerly to have been common
pensionibus etiam donisque clotatæ ." $ in the Highlands of Scotland, as we
learn from the following amusing des
It is noticed in Borthwick's Remarks cription in an ancient MS. History of
on British Antiquities,but more fully in the Name of Mackenzie, composed be
Madoxe's Baronia Anglica, p. 242, note, fore the year 1667 , by John Mac
where the office is proved to have existed as kenzie of Applecross, extant in the
far back as the time of Henry II. Advocates' Library .
+ Comput. ærarii Reg . ap. Carpentier, “ Alexander M'Kenzie of Coul) was
voce. Meretricialis, Vestis. a natural son of Collin, the 12 laird
# Hence the origin of courtezan, now of Kintail, gotten wyt Marie M -Ken
only used in a restricted and bad sense.
Ś Selden, quoth Lord Lyttelton, (Life of
Henry II. vol. iv. p. 50 ), would not have “ Johannes de Warblington, coro
- admitted among the grand sergeantries War- nator mariscalciæ ac clericus mercati hos .
blngton's office , “ of the mcanest and most pitii regis ad placitum .
dishonourable nature; and he is angry with “ ldem tenet in feodo serjantiam essendi
Madox for having so classed it ! This is maresealli meretricum in hospitio, et dis
a good illustration of Chalmer's remark , membrandi malefactores adjudicatos, et
( Cal. vol. i. 626 ), that this lord's “ notions mensurandi galones et bussellos." Rot .
and language are altogether more .” In- Pat. 22, Ed. III .
dependently of other consideratii er, Glossar. voc. Marescallus.
bestated, that Blount , in his Tenures, has “ Marescalli --- postea dicti, qui exerci
quoted an old deed, where it is expressly tibus, et copiis militaribus præerant.” Du
said to be held by “ grand serjeantry ." Cange.
1817. ) Ruthven's Printing Press. 125

zie, daughter to Rorie M‘Kenzie of ye impleyment he had, and of guhata

Davoch -maluack. His firstpatrimonie ever fellto his hand, he conqueist to
was his sword and bow , quherewith himself a resonable estate, quhilk he
he did such worthie service, that he dailie augmented during the rest of
conqueist first the love of his chieffe his worthie dayes. He married to his
and broyer, the lard of Kintail, wyt first wifeAnnabel M -Kenzie, daughter
the loveof all his countreymen , so as to Murdo MŠKenzie of Pairburn , and
his broyer made choise of him to be relich ,” &c. &c. &c.
his mareschall of all his armie in all The place was not hereditary ; at
ye wares he had wyt Glengarrie and leastthe historian, himself a male de
M'Leod of the Lewis. He commande scendant and grandson of the marshal,
ed sexscore of the prettiest men that does not affirm that it was ever again
ware in his broyer's armie, and especi- held by any ofhis kindred.
allie the Clanwurchie were under his ( To be continued.)
command, quho served him as under
officers todischarge the dutieof mari- ACCOUNT OF MR RUTHVEN'S IMPROV
schall. His dutie wes, that in ye ar ED PRINTING PRESS.

mies marching toye enemies land, he As one of the objects of this Magazine
should stillguard the riar ; andas the is to disseminate usef: Iknowledge, we
ármie rested in ther camp, he still went cannot attain the end in view with
in expeditiones to bring them hership * better effect than by giving some ac
and provision, quhilk herschips were count of a most important improve
distributed as heliked ,with the con- ment inthe mechanical part of print
sent of the superior. His own pert of ing, by Mr John Ruthven, printer, of
the hership was ilk cow quhose ear wes this place. This very ingenious me
longer then hir horn, ilk black cow that chanician, having diligently studied his
had not a white spott in her bodie, ilk profession for upwards of twenty years,
white cow that had not a black spott in observed that there were numerous de
her bodie, and ilkhorse thatwes wyt in fects in the construction of the print
three years ; and his under officers ing presses commonly employed , the
had all the hedes of all the cowes that principle of which is unaltered from
were killed in the camp. But some- the time of the invention of printing.
times he destributed his part of the The excessive and dangerous labour
herships amongst the best deshervin occasioned to the workmen, and the
of the shouldiers, quhilk made the very imperfect adaptation of the press
shouldiers so desperat quich were un- to many purposes, were the most ob
der his command, that they resolved vious defects ; to remedy which, by
ayer to die or be victorious quhenever any improvement of theoriginalma
they ingadged . He had power to fine chine, Mr Ruthven found, after dili
all the shouldiers that did not goe gent study, to be quite impracticable ;
rightin their cloathes and armes, and he therefore resolved on attempting
wytall to decern all the contravershies; something new ; and, after much la
quhilk place he managed so fortunatlie, bour, he has succeeded in producing
that he was sent in all expeditiounes, not only a highly useful press, but in
and in everie expeditiounehe was vic- giving a most beautiful application of
torious. His good service gott him à combination levers, for the pro
of
the reall affectioune of his broyer, so duction of parallel motion , with a de
that his broyer, in his death -bed, left gree of power hitherto unequalled.
him his own sword, quhilk was the For the better understanding of the
gretest merit a kinsman could haive, account we propose to give, it will be
to haive the sword of such a brave con- well to premise a few observations on
queror , as a testimonie of faithfull ser the printing-press commonly used.
vice.” The screw has hitherto been the
The situation appears to have been power employed to produce pressure ,
lucrative ; for he adds, “ Ane estate while the types were placed on a move
from his broyer he needed not ; ffor able carriage, which was moved, after
befor his broyer's death, by h ... on the ink had been applied, under the
prudent managment of ye benefii ukeld . le for pressing. In consequence
of ti e power has always been li
• “ Herschip, Heirschip, Heiriscip , the mited- ne radius of the lever which
act of plundering, devastation.Booty , moves the screw being confined . It
prey, & c.” Jamieson. is also a consequence, that not more
196 Ruthven s Printing Press. [ May
than one halfof a large sheet could be put on in the usualmanner on the tym
printed at one descent of the screw . pan,a,( fig. 1.) andsecured by the frisket,
A most serious evil results from this, b. On turning over the tympans thus
especially in printing duodecimo, be arranged, the platen, N ( fig. 2 .) - sup
cause the pressure necessarily is ap- ported by the wheels, QQ , -is drawn
plied twice to the centre pages of each over the coffin by the handle, U, till the
sheet, while it is applied only once to lower parts of the screw bolts, MM ,be
the other pages. To these disadvan- fully secured in the clutches, LL ( fig.
tages may be added, the difficulty of 2.); the leveror handle, A, is then turn
ascertaining and regulating the degree edover in the front ofthe press till stop
of pressure; the irregularity of the ped, when it willbe nearly in a hori
motion of the lever; the severe labour, zontal position. It is then restored to
and excessive exertion of the work- its originalsituation, the platen push
man ;the nice accuracy in placing the ed back, the tympans raised, and the
typesunder the centre ; -there being printingis completed. The mode in
no difference, in point of trouble and which this movement is produced is
labour, in printing a card and a folio ; concealed by the check, R.
-and thenecessity for placing small The action which takes place in the
work always in the same spot, which above-described process will be best
necessarily wears out one part sooner understood by a reference to, and ex
than the others. In obviating these amination of, the section , fig. 2. The
defects, Mr Ruthven has completely platen is in this represented in its
succeeded ; -and after giving some ac- proper situation overthe types. The
count of the construction of the new parts of the external structure have
printing press, we shall point out the been already sufficiently explained ; it
superior excellencies of it as briefly as only remains to point out those which
possible. are exposed in the section . Beneath
The general appearance of the large the tablet, P, and immediately behind
press is wellrepresented in fig. 1. ; of the check , R , are the levers, Í I, hay
which fig. 2. is a complete section. In ing their fulcra at KK ; to which are
this press the types are placed on a sta- attached the clutches, L L, communi.
tionary coffin or tablet,P ; the paper is cating as above mentioned with MM ;

Fig. 1 .
1817.] Ruthven's Printing Press. 127

Fig. 2 .

н
I I
K
R R
B
F

D E

Fig. 4.
Fig. 3.

the motion to which is given by the which first solicited Mr Ruthven's at

bolt, H , forming a pointofunion be- tention . - 1st, In thenew patent press
tween the levers, I I. When their the types remain stationary. 2d,The
ends are depressed by means of the platen is the size of the whole sheet.
crank, EGF, which is moved by the 3d, Time is saved by its beingbrought
handle, A, communicating to the over from the side. 4th , There is
crank, BC, and the connecting rod, nearly half an inch between the tym
D, the platen or upper surface,N , is pans and the platen whilepassing over
forciblydrawn down upon the types. the types, bywhich all blurring is a
To maintain the relative position of voided. 5th , Any degree of pressure
the several levers, the balance -weight, (from an ounce to twenty tons) may
S, is applied. TTT is the frame-work be correctly and uniformly given at
supporting the whole of the machinery. pleasure. 6th, The platen being
Such is as minute an account of Mr drawn down by the two ends, and the
Ruthven's printing press as is neces- resistance sustained against the under
sary for general information . It is surface of the tablet, affords the most
here proper to statesomeof the points complete and uniform security to all
of superiority which it has, very de- the parts ; while, contrary to every
cidedly, over all other contrivances of other example known to us of the ap
the same kind. These may be very plication of pressure , the frame is
briefly detailed, as we have already wholly independent of, and unaffected
pointed out the most glaring defects by, the force employed. 7th, As com
 128 Engraving on Stone. [ May
plete parallelism between the two sur- Nothing can be more conducive to
faces (vize of the platen and coffin ) is the promotion of the arts than publici
maintained bymeans of the two screws, ty, which may be greatly accelerated
0 0 , so a small piece of work may be through the medium of your publica
done at either end without a support- tion, by the admission of discussions
ing block at the opposite extremity. on the works of ancient and modern
8th , This press being entirely unat- artists, explanations of their mødes of
tached, requires no levelling or stay , representation, or descriptions of the
ing ; and one for demy royal requires implements or apparatus used by them
a space ofonly forty - two inches square, for that purpose. To those desirous
9th, The motions of the pressmen, of information , you may thus furnish
to those
though less severe, are sufficiently sic facilities of acquiring it ; and result
milar to enable him, in the course of willing to communicate the of
oneor two hours, to work with equal their experience, a reputable and easy
facility as at the common press. 10th, channel to publicity . To the inex
The principles above described are e perienced, nothing is more discourag
qually applicable to presses of all sizes. ing than the difficulty with which
Fig. 3. represents one of the size of a practical information is to be obtained ,
cubic foot, which is capable of printing with regard to the composition or
offan octavo page withgreatercelerity management of the substances or im
than a largerpress, andmay be works plements to beemployed in the arts
ed on a common table without being in general. With this view , and
fixed . The advantages of foolscap- trusting to a coincidence of opinion on
presses of this construction will be your part, I beg leave to request the
found very important. insertion of the following article on
An ingenious application of the prin- LITHOGRAPHY, or the art of engrav
ciples of this press has been made to ing on stone, which I hope may be
copying manuscripts ; for that pur- the means of calling forth other com
pose ( although it may with perfect ef- munications, either on the practice or
fect be done with the small printing the fine arts. and success
criticism ofhas
presses) Mr Ruthven bas contrived the This art been long
press represented in fig. 4. which is fully practised on the Continent, and
made without the printing apparatus, we believe Germany has the honour
and having, instead of the clutches, of its invention . It was introduced
permanent pillars to connect the unper into this country by a person of the
surface with the levers. The paral- name of Andrè about fifteen years
lelism of the two surfaces is regulated ago, who attempted the publication of
by two graduated scales and indices at a periodical work , containing speci
each end, as may be seen in the an- mens of it by some of the most emi
nexed figure. nent artists in London, but which has
We are persuaded, that when, in been discontinued . It was also used
addition to the excellencies already in the Quarter-Master General's office,
described, the extreme simplicity of for the purpose of printing military
the new patent press, and itslittlelia- plans, &c. In this country, however,
bility to derangement, are taken into it has never reached that state of per
consideration, it will in a short time fection to which it has arrived on the
supersede every other printing ma- Continent, as may be seen by a com
chinery that has hithertobeen in use. parison of the works of Spix on cra
M. niology (in the college library ), Al
bert Durer's Missal, and the Bavarian
ACCOUNT OF THE METHOD OF EN Flora ; all of which are printed at
GRAVING ON STONE . Munich , and also the FloraMonacens
MR EDITOR , sis, and the last number of the Jour
The increasing taste for the fine nal des Scavans ; and these also fur
arts in this great literary capital, and nish a proof of what may yet be done
the prettyeager attention now paid to in the detail of this extraordinary in
them bythe public in general, inspire vention.
a hope that you will allot a place in The great advantages which this
your Magazine for so interesting a de- art possesses over every other kind of
partment of polite and useful know- engraving, are, first, that any person
ledge. who can draw, can also execute the
1817.) Anecdote of the Highlanders in 1745. 129

engraving with the same ease with gum water and lamp black, and after
which he uses the pencil on paper ; it is dry, the design is drawn with the
and, secondly, the circumstanceof his point of an etching needle, in the same
being enabled to have any number of way as on copper, cutting through the
copies taken at less than half the ex- covering of gum and black, till the
pense of ordinary copperplate print- surface of the stone is reached, and
ing. then rubbing the solution into the
Nothing equal, it is true, to the lines or scratches. This done, it must
tone, or minute elegance of the best be allowed to dry for the above men
line engraving can be produced, but tioned time, andthen soaked as before
an inspection of the works already in water,when the gum will dissolve,
mentioned, will show how admirably leaving the lines only ; upon which
it is adapted to represent objects of a the printing ink is applied , as before
picturesque description , natural his- explained, and the impression taken.
tory, outlines, anatomical subjects, Should this plan find a place in the
plans, & c. It is also applicable to the Magazine, it is proposed to give, in
purpose of multiplying writings, as some of your subsequent numbers, a
the subject can be written on the pre- short account of the history of the dis
pared paper, afterwards transferred to covery, and of the methods used in
the stone, and then printed without common etching upon copper, together
delay, at no further expense than the with some receipts for the preparation
printing. In this way all the procla- of the grounds, & c.
mations of the state at Munich are
made public .
Directions. A slate of white lias ANECDOTE OF THE HIGHLANDERS IN
( Bath stone), about one inch thick, 1745.
must be made perfectly level, and (Communicated by Mary LADY
polished with very fine sand . The CLERK to the Publisher. )
subject is then drawn on the stone
with a common pen , and a prepared Sir ,
liquid of the consistence of common ACCORDING to your request this morn
ink, and with the same facility ; after ing, I send you some account of the
this the stone is washed over with di- particulars that attended my birth ,
luted nitric acid , which slightly cor- which I do with infinite pleasure, as
rodes that part of the stone only which it reflects great honour on the High
has not been drawn on with the pen . landers ( to whom I always feel the
The liquid is made with gum lac, dis- greatest gratitude), that at the time
solved inley of pure soda,with a little when their heartswere set on plunder,
soap, and coloured with lamp black. the fear of hurting a sick lady and
The liquid upon the stone, after the child instantly stopped their intentions.
design is drawn, must be allowed to This incident occurred November
dry for about four days, and then 15, 1745. My father, Mr D'Acre,
soaked in water till perfectly saturated ; then an officer in his Majesty'smilitia,
in this state (with the water on the was a prisoner in the castle ofCarlisle,
surface), a common printing ball is at that time in the hands of Prince
dabbed over it as in type printing. Charles. My mother (daughter of Sir
This ink adheres to such parts as have George le Fleming, Bart . bishop of
been drawn upon , the other parts of Carlisle) was livingat Rose-Castle, six
the stone being wet, repel the printing miles from Carlisle, where she was de
ink ; the impression is then taken , by livered of me.-- She had given orders
passing it through a press with asingle that I should immediatelybe privately
cylinder. Whenthe print is wished baptized by the bishop's chaplain (his
to resemble a chalk drawing, the stone lordship not being athome), by the
is left rather rough, by using a coarser name of Rosemary D’Acre. At that
sand to polish it; and instead of the moment a company of Highlanders
ink and pen being used, a crayon made appeared, headed by a Captain Mac
of the same materials (only with a donald ; who, having heard there was
larger quantity of the lamp black) is much plate and valuables in the castle,
applied in the samemanner as a pencil. came to plunder it. Upon the apa
There is another method by which it proach of the Highlanders, an old
may be done, namely, by covering the gray -headed servant ran out, and en.
stone over with a thin mixture of treated Captain Macdonald
VOL . I. R
not to pro
 130 Inscription in the Church of St Hilary. [ May
ceed, as any noise or alarm might oc ON THE ORIGIN OF HOSPITALS FOR
casion the death of both lady and THE SICK .
child . The captain inquired when the
lady had been confined ? “ Within The Greeks had no name to express
this hour, " the servant answered :- what we understand by the wordhos
Captain Macdonald stopped. The ser- pital. Norozmusoy has a different mean
vant added, “ They are just going to ing in the classical Greek writers, and
christen the infant." -Macdonald ,tak- is first used , as wenow translate it, by
ing off his cockade, said, “ Let her be St Jerome and St Isidore. At Athens,
christened with this cockade in her provision was made in the prytaneum
cap ; it will be her protection now, for the maintenance of those who had
and after, if any of our stragglers been severely wounded in war, as well
should come this way: We will await as forthat of their wives and children ;
the ceremony in silence ;" - which they but there was no asylum for even
accordingly did, and then went into these persons in case of sickness. Far
the coach - yard , and were regaled with less was anysuch accommodation with
beef, cheese, ale, & c. They then went in the reach of the poor citizens, or
off, without thesmallest disturbance . the mercenaries who always formed a
My white cockade was safely pre- large proportion of theAthenian force.
served , and shewn to me from time to At Lacedemon , where, according to
time, always reminding me to respect the rule of Lycurgus, all the citizens
the Scotch, and the Highlanders in eat in common , there was nevertheless
particular.-- I think Ihave obeyed the no establishment which bore any re
injunction, by spending my life in semblance to our hospitals. The He
Scotland, andalso by hoping at last to lots were abandoned in case of sick
die there. ness ; and a similar fate attended even
ROSEMARY CLERK. the Ephori themselves, if they happen
ed to have no private fortune. This
P. S. If the above anecdote can be neglect of the Athenian and Spartan
of any interest to you or the public, it legislatures was imitated by the other
is very much at your service. I have Grecian states. In theoathof Hippo
mentioned all thenames of the persons crates, thatillustrious physician swears,
concerned, which you may retain or “ that he will all his life visit the sick
leave out, as you think fit. and give them his advice gratis.” At
Miss Law ,Prince's Street, hearing that time the medical practitioners
of the above anecdote, sent me a pre- were both surgeons and apothecaries,
sentof the Prince's picture,and that so it would appear that Hippocrates
of his lady, the Princess Stollberg. furnished thesick in his neighbour
Edinburgh, April 21st, 1817. hood with medicines without expect
ing any reward .
Among theRomans, in like manner,
we should seek in vain for any estab
INSCRIPTION IN THE CHURCH OF lishments intended to alleviate the
ST HILARY . sufferings of the indigent sick . No
thing of sort is mentioned among
The following inscription was lately the pious institutions of Numa; and
discovered when digging inthe church Servius, who distributed the people in
of St Hilary, in the island of Jersey. to classes, never thought of the nume
If we except one barbarism , and one rous classes of poor, sick, and infirm .
strong license, the epitaph may bear a During the time of the republic there
comparison with most of the inscrip- were frequent distributions of land,
tions in the Latin Anthology . and divisions of the spoils taken from
the enemies of the state, which ame
Enysea de stirpe meum Cornubia partum liorated in somedegree the lot of those
Vindicat. who were called the capite censi, be
Hillarius jam tenet ossa sacer .
Per Sporades Gallosque pium comitata ma . cause they could offer nothing to the
ritum ,
Deferor huc: visa est sorsmihi nulla gravis. service
lour andof their
their country but all
life. Yet theirthese
va
Viximus unanimes, et prima prole beati;
In mundum duplici morte secunda venit. largesses and gratifications were dis
Pignora dividimus : comitaturme morien. tributed among those who enjoyed
tem good health , and no establishments
Mortua ; solatur filia prima patrem . for the sick were erected either under
1817.) On the Origin of Hospitals for the Sick . 131
the republic or under the emperors. a seigneurial hospital destined for
These last indeed erected baths and their reception . But it is not till the
thermæ for the use of the poor, and establishment of Christianity that we
also made public distributions of food ; can find any traces of those institu ,
and in these respects their example tions, which are now so common in
was followed by the wealthy patrie Christendom , for the accommodation
cians, who affected to give every day of the infirm and the unfortunate . In
to their poor clients whatwent by the spiteof allthe persecutions to which
name of the sportula. We see by the the first Christians were exposed, we
descriptions of Juvenal, that thepoor find, thatabout the year 258, Lauren
and infirm dependants of these nobles tius, chiefof the deacons, assembled a
had no other resource to look to ; for, great number of poor and sick , who
according to him, the most acute dis- were supported by the alms of the
tempers could not prevent them drag, church . But it was in the year 380
ging their steps to the portico, and that the first regular hospital was
soliciting theirshare in the sportula. built. St Jerome informs us, that
“ Quid macies ægri veteris quem tempore Fabiola, a Roman matron of distin .
longo guished piety, founded, for the first
Torret quarta
& c .”
dies olimque domestica febris, time, a nosocomium , that is, as he
himself explains it, a house in the
It is easy to see that no public a- country for the reception of those un .
sylum was open for their reception . happy sick and infirm persons who
Both Greeks and Romans, then the werebefore scattered among the places
two most polished nations of antiqui- of public resort,-- and for the purpose
ty, consecrated no retreats for the un- of furnishing them in a regular man
fortunate. This was most probably ner with nourishment, and those me
the consequence of their constitutions dicines of which they might stand in
and forms of government. Divided at need." This establishment was situ .
all times into freemen and slaves, the atedat some distance from the city,
legislatures of these two nations never andin a healthy part of thecountry
bestowed much attention on the second When Constantine transferred the
of these great bodies of men - but al- seat of the empire to Byzantium , he
ways regarded them as of a different caused an hospitium to be erected for
race, and, as it were, the dregs of hu . the use of those strangers and pil
his time begun to
manity. A slave dangerously ill was grims who had by motives
left entirely to the care of his fellows visit the East from of religion.
in servitude; in many instances his This edifice was constructed after the
master would not even be at the ex- model of the house which Hircanus
pense of burying his corpse, and allow . had built at Jerusalem , about 150
ed it to be thrown out to the vultures. years before the commencementof our
The Esquiline Mount, whitened, ac- era . That prince sought, by the es
cordingto Horace, by the great num- tablishment to which I allude,to puri
ber of bones left there in heaps by fy himself, in the eyes of the Jews,
these birds of prey, is a sufficient proof from the stain which he had contract
how little care was taken of the fune- ed by the sacrilegious rifling of the
rals of the poor. Theseunhappy men , tomb of David . The riches which he
of whom there was always a great had procured in that impious manner,
number even in the best days of Athens would, he flattered himself, be less
and Rome, had then no other resource unfavourably regarded, if he should
in their calamities but private charity, share them with the poor pilgrims,
the strength of their constitutions, or whom zeal or curiosity drew in multi
the crisis of nature. tudes to the capital of Judea. This,
The temple of Esculapius, in the according to Isidore, is the origin of
island of the Tiber, was indeed a sort the name ziv doglov, i. e. hospital for
of hospital, although far from corres- strangers, which was given to this
ponding exactly to what we call by building. In the year of our Lord
that name; atleast, the law of the 550, the Emperor Justinian construct
Emperor Claudius, which declares that ed , at Jerusalem , the celebrated hos
.
slaves abandonedby their masters in pital of St John, which was the cradle
the island of Esculapius, should be held of the military order ofthe knights of
free in case of their recovery, seems to Rhodes and Malta. His successors
intimate that there was in that place imitated his example with so much
 1
132 On “ Sitting below the Salt. " [ May
zeal, that Ducange thinks Constanti- formed , by order of the French govern .
nople contained at one time thirty -five ment, about the year 1788, in which a
different charitable institutions of this committee of medical persons and ar
nature. Those who travelled to the chitects, gave their united opinions as
holy land were there received gratis to the general rules which ought to be
into commodious hotels, and from these observed in all buildings of this na
the caravansaries of the East have taken ture. Their principal remarks are these
their origin - buildings which a few -that all the wards should be sepa
centuriesago attracted so much admi- rate that a free communication, by
ration from Europeans, accustomed to means of covered galleries, should be
thehostelleries of their own countries, kept up between all parts of the house
at that time at once dear and filthy. -so large as to admit of the utmost
The Emperor Julian attributed in a purity of air, and to be serviceable, as
great measure to these charitable insti- promenades, for the convalescents.
tutions therapid progress of Christian- The hospitals of this city, and of
ity, and had it in view to attempt the Glasgow , have been long regarded with
re- establishment of Paganism by simi- much admiration by all visitors ; and
lar means. “We paynot sufficient at- the Lunatic asylum, lately erected in
tention (says he in a letter to Arsaces, the latter city, is perhaps the most
noble monument
sovereign pontiff of Galatia ) to those talents of theprofessional
Q.
means which have most contributed to of the late Mr Stark . *
the extension of the Christian super- Edinburgh, March 1817.
stition — I mean kindness to strangers,
and attention to the burial of the poor. 66 >>

Erect forthwith, in all your cities,hos ON SITTING BELOW THE SALT ."
pitals for the reception of strangers, MR EDITOR ,
notonly
all those of; and
indifferentl yourifown
theyfaith , but
stand in In your last Number I read a short
y
need of money, let them bé supplied paper, entitled , “ On sitting below the
by theimperial officers.” Salt, ” in which the author gives se
In the Byzantine historians, and in veral quotations to prove thať the an
theancient charters, thesehospitals cient custom mentioned in the “ Black
receive different names , as Nosoco- Dwarf,” and “ Old Mortality,” of
mium , retreat for thesick - Xenodo- placing the guests above or below the
chium , Xenon, retreat for strangers salt, according to their respective dig
Ptochium , Ptochodochium , Ptochotro. nities, was not a mere fabrication of
the writer's brain . In common with
phium , hospital for the poor and men
dicants - Brephotrophium , asylum for your correspondent, I have heard men
indigent children--- Orphanotrophium , of information,and even of antiquarian
orphan hospital - Gerocomium ,hospi- research , express their doubts as to
tal for old men- -Pandochæum , gratui the existence of such a custom during
tous hotel or caravansary - Morotro- any period of our history .
phium , hospital for idiots. Being an ardent admirer of the two
In the very interesting work of works which have recently called our
Durand, entitled, “ Parallele des Edie attention to this fashion our an
we find a com cestors , and as it is in these works
fices de tout genre, alone, me
in tojudge,that
as far as myinformation en
parative view of theplans of agreat ables' such a prac
many different hospitals of various
kinds, suchas those of Milan, Geneva, tice has been alluded to in modern
Plymouth, Langres, times, I feel anxious to contribute to
the IncurabSt Louis at Paris,
les atParis, the Lazaretto wards theexculpation of their myste
for persons afflicted with the plague rious author, from the charge of
atMilan, & c.— The great hospital at mingling the spirit of fiction with the
Milan , on account of its vast dimene voice of truth.
sions, and the form of a cross in which In addition, therefore , to the proofs
it is built,andalso on account of the which have been adduced inyourfirst
numerousgallerieswhich every where Number, I begleave to call your at
surround the building, was long look tention to the following extracts, which
ed upon as the bestmodelofhospital haveescaped the notice of J.M .; and
architecture. The architects of the which, besides shewing the universali
different hospitals in Paris, as well as * The reader may find much information
those of this country, have all taken upon this interesting subject, in Beckmann's
useful hints from it. A report was History of Inventions, vol. 4 .
1817. ) 133
On " Sitting below the Salt."
ty of the practice, are somewhat curió Revels, by Ben Jonson, I find the fol
ous in themselves, and worthy the lowing passage :
perusalof your readers. “ Merc. He will censure or dis
I find the distinction of seats, in re- course of any thing, but as absurdly
lation to the position of the salt- vat, as you would wish.-His fashion is,
familiarly known to English writers as notto take knowledge of him that is
far back as 1597, at which time were beneath him in clothes .-- He never
published the earlier works of Joseph drinks below the salt."-Act II. Scene
Hall, successively bishop of Exeter III.
and Norwich, and one of our first legi- And in the “ Unnatural Combat of
timate satirists. As Hall's satires have Massinger, the same custom is alluded
never been printed in a commodious to.
form , they may not have fallen into “ Stew . My Lord much wonders,
the hands of the generality of your That you thatare a courtier as a soldier,
readers, and as the one which contains In all things else, and every day can vary
the illusion to the customin question Your actions and discourse, continue con
is short, and affords a good example To this one suit.
of that writer's style, I shall insert it Belg. To one ! ' tis well I have one
at full length. Unpawn'd in these days ; every cast com
“ A gentle Squirewould gladly entertaine mander
Into his house some trencher - chaplaine ; Is not blest with the fortune, I assure you .
Some willing man that might instruct his But why the question ? does this offend
sons , him ?
And that would stand to good conditions. Stew . Not much , but he believes it is the
reason
First, that he lie upon thetruckle-bed ,
Whiles his young maister lieth o'er his head. You ne'er presume to sit above the salt.”
Second , that he do, on no default, Act III. Scene I.
Ever presume to sit above the salt. “ It argues little (says Gifford on
Third , that he never change his trencher the above passage) for the delicacy of
twice. our ancestors, that they should admit
Fourth , that he use all common courtesies ;of such distinctions at their board ;
Sitbeare at meales, and one half rise and butintruth they seem to have placed
wait .
Last, that he never his young master beat, their guests below the salt, for no bet
But he must ask his mother to define, ter purpose than that of mortifying
How many jerkes she would his breech them .'
should line. That this custom was not limited
All these observed, he could contented be to our own island , but was familiar
at least in France, is evinced by the
To give five markes and winter liverie."
Satire VI. B. 2d .
following passage from Perat, who
In an entertaining old book , by flourished about themiddle of the six
Nixon , entitled, “ Strange Foot-Post, teenth century. In speaking of the
with a packet full of strange petitions, manners suitable tomen of noble birth,
London 1613, 4to , the author, speak- in regard to the different kinds of ridi
ing of the miseries of a poor scholar, cule and pleasantry, he says of one
makes the following observations : species, “ Neque ejusmodi dicacitates
Now, as for his fare, it is lightly nobilitatem honestant: quamvis enim
at the cheapest table, but he must sit clientium caterva, amicorum humili
under the salt, that is an axiome in ores, totaque omnino infra salinum sti
such places :-then having drawnehis pata cohors, scurrantem dominum, et
knife leisurably, unfolded his napkin (ut ait Flaccus,) imi Derisorem lecti,
mannerly, after twice or thrice wiping cachinnationibus suis insulsis adulari
his beard , if he have it, he may reach soleant; ii. tamen , ” & c. - De Inst,
the bread on his knife's point, and Nob . p. 36 .
fall to his porrige, and between every The foregoing quotations, however
sponefull take as much deliberation as curious in themselves, may, I fear, in
a capon craming, lest he be out of his regard to the subject which theyare
porrige before they have buried part intended to illustrate, have appeared
of their first course in their bellies.' redundant or unnecessary to some of
( F. 3. ) your readers, particularly after the
In the works of our earlydramatists satisfactory instances brought forward
there are not unfrequent allusions of by J. M. of the prevalence of the
a similar nature. same custom .
Thus, in the play called Cynthia's , it would form a
On a general view,
5
 134 Fall of Volcanic Dust in the Island of Barbadoes. [ May
curious subject of research, and might bining, in their persons, the different
throw considerable light on the man- characters of both parties ? Or, 2dly,
ners and institutions of our ancestors, Did these opposite extremes unite in
to investigate thoroughly the history the person ofan individual on either
of this singular fashion , and to mark side of the table, placed immediately
the different changes which an indi- in front of thesalt-vat? Or, 3dly , Was
vidual of talent and enterprise was al- there no such “ union of extremest
permitted, but a vacant space
lowed to make in taking up his posi- things ”opposite
tion at table, according to the increase or gap the salt - vat on both
of his wealth and consequent utility sides , leaving a blank in the fair chain
and the effects of such changes on his of gradation , similar to that which has
general habits, and on the behaviour been caused in the scale of nature's
of those who were formerly his com- works by the extinction of the mighty
panions in obscurity. Mastodon , which formerly inhabited
The passages quoted by J. M. from the salt-licks of North America ?
that most curious work, the Memorie Hoping that the preceding quota
of theSomervilles, clearly demonstrate tions, observations, and queries, may
the wide distinction of rank that existo meet with a favourable reception, if
ed in this country at comparatively a not on their own account, at least from
recent period , between noble and igno- the chance of their exciting the atten
ble tenures - between the Goodman, tion of others more able to communi
Rentaller or Yeoman , and the Laird or cate information on such curious to
Baron . It would be an interesting pics , I remain, respectfully, yourP.obe
F.
inquiry, to trace the circumstances dient servant,
which contributed to break down the Edinburgh, 1st May, 1817.
jealous barriers of feudal honours, and
to point out the period and manner ON THE FALL OF VOLCANIC DUST IN
ofthe holding came
in which the nature THE ISLAND OF BARBADOES.
to be at last almost overlooked in aug . [The following excellent letter, contain
menting or disparaging gentility. ing an account of the fall of volcanic dust
On a more minute investigation , it in Barbadoes, has been communicated to
would be equally curious to examine us by a friend.]
specific distinctions which existed SIR,
between the two men who were placed In compliance with your request, I
together, the one above and the other have drawn up a detail of the circuma
below the salt- vat, and to study that stances (as far as I was an eye -witness)
beautiful combinationof character, by of the fall of volcanic dust in the island
which they formed the links in the of Barbadoes, which occurred on May
social chain which united the nobility 1st, 1812, and which was produced
of one end of the table, with the hum- by an eruption of the volcano in the
ble tenants of the other,---leading by neighbouring island of St Vincent,
an almost imperceptible transition from lying to leeward, or to the westward
the meanest appendage of a feudal of Barbadoes.
feast, to the mailed retainer and the I was at that time resident on the
plumed baron . north - east coast of the island of Bar
But I am unwilling to anticipate the badoes, or in what is termed the wind
observations of your correspondent, ward part of that island, about eleven
who will, I trust, make good his pro- milesfrom the principal town . On
mise, of favouring the public with a the shore of this district, it may be
continuation of his remarks. proper to remark, there is almost con
In the meantime, to exercise the stantly a heavy surf rolling, produced
learning and ingenuity of your anti- by the trade-wind impelling the sea
quarian friends, I beg leave to propose on a coast completely iron-bound by
the following queries, the solution of rocks and rocky shoals.
which will tend greatly to facilitate the During the night preceding May
labours of future inquirers. 1st, I was awakened by what I took
1st, Were the two great classes of to be signal- guns of distress from some
society assembled at the same table, ships wrecked at no great distance ;
connected by means of two individuals in a very short time the explosions
on each side, seated together, the one became so frequent, as to induce me
as it were placed opposite to the upper rather to believe that they proceeded
or noble half of thesalt-vat, the other from two vessels engaging each other.
to the lower or ignoble half, and come In the town , these explosions, as I
1817.) Fall of Volcanic Dust in the Island of Barbadoes. 135

understood afterwards, were regarded At this time, a perfect calm , and

as the discharges of cannon ; so much the most remarkable stillness, unin
so, that the garrison of St Ann's castle terrupted by the usual noise of the
was keptunder arms for the remainder surf of the sea, was observable, and
of the night. was rendered more evident by the
The explosions having ceased, no- crash of the limbs of the trees of a
thing occurred to excite my attention very large wood which was adjacent
during the remainder of the night; to the house, and which formed an
but when I arose , on thelight ofmorn- awful contrast to the extreme stillness
ing beginning very faintly to appear, Iof the atmosphere. On holding a
was struck with surpriseon approach- lantern to some of the trees, Ifound
ing the window , by seeing what I took that the limbs of the more flexible
to be a very dense black cloud threat- ones were bent almost to the ground
ening rain , as a thunder storm was not by the weight of the dust which ad
to be expected at that period of theyear: hered to them . The fall of dust dur .
the horizon, along the edge of the sea, ing the period of darkness was inces
was clearly defined by the morning sant, but at some times it was harder
light; but, immediately above it, the and thicker than at others. It ceased
black cloud seemed to fringe the sur- between twelve and one o'clock . I
face of the sea , and to coverthe whole first began to discover the sashes of
atmosphere. At this time I had not the windows, and the outlines of the
observed any fall of dust ; but I was trees, soon after twelve ; and at one I
afterwards informed by my servants, could plainly distinguish thelurid red
that particles of dust had been falling clouds ofa fiery aspect which hung low ,
for the greater part ofthe night, though and swept past the island ; it wasat
in small quantity ! On returning to this time that I was first struck by the
the other part of the room , and fixing noise of a tremendous surf , and on
my eyes steadily on the window, I looking to the sea I evidently saw it
was greatly astonished by the gradual lashing the shore, having, as it would
disappearance of the faintlight which appear, risen to itsutmost height and
had been visible before, and in a few fury from a state of perfect quiescence
minutes afterwards, by finding that I in the shortest possible space of time ;
had totally lost sight of the sash of as during the period of darkness not
the window - an occurrence which I the slightest murmur of the sea could
well knew never takes place in the be heard.
most stormy or in the darkest night of The aspect of the country around
the West Indies. I groped my way was now become wintry and dreary ;
to the window, and touched the glass the sugar canes were level with the
without seeing it ; and on opening the earth ; the smaller plants were laid
sash, I first perceived that particles prostrate :' and the limbs of the trees
of dust were flying about ; but the were either broken off or bent down
darkness was so profound , that I could wards, as the wood was flexible or
not discover the outline of the neigh- brittle,-and the whole surface of the
bouring hills, the trees around the soil was covered with grayish ashes to
house, or, in short, any one object. the depth of an inch.
I soon after quitted the house, and The next morning I rode to the
found that the earth was covered with beach , and could easily perceive, by
dust ; that it fell n a constant thick the mark which the sea had left on
shower, occasionally with considerable the dust lying on the green sward,
force ; and that the windows, on the that it had risen to a height which
windward side of the house , were in- had covered the whole of the sands,
crusted with it : but the darkness was and reached the adjacent shrubs and
so great, that a white handkerchief grass. The perpendicular heightwhich,
held close to the face could not be to have effected this, it must have
seen , and it was impos sible for meto risen , I then measured, and I perfecte
walk in the garden wit hout the risk ly recollect that it was very great ; as,
of striking against the trees or other however, I have left the memoranda,
large objects. I then first remarked" ( which I penned at the time) of all
a smell of some burnt matter, and I the circumstances of this event in Bar
fancied I saw , or I really saw , on look- badoes, I will not venture to state from
ing upwards attentively, a lur id red memory that measurement.
appearance of the cloud s, over head, If regard be had to the relative si.
through the profound darkness. tuation of the island of Barbadoes, it
 136 Anecdotes of Antiquaries. ( May
is evidently a most singular circum- growing crops of corn , were neither so
stance attendant on the fall of vola suddenly produced, nor in such vast
canic dust, that the eruption of a vol numbers, as those which fed on the
cano taking place in the island of St foliage of the potato ; but successive
Vincent, twenty leagues to leeward of generations of them continued to fol
Barbadoes, should have projected that low each other, so that scarcely any
immense mass of heavy matter to a corn was reaped , and the island of
height above the influence ofthe north- Barbadoes suffered a sort of famine for
eastern trade-wind, so that it should many months.
have been carried in a contrary direc- How far the production of these ca
tion to it, and then have been preci- terpillars was connected with the pre
pitated by its gravity on the island of sence of the volcanic dust, may be a
Barbadoes and beyond it ; for in this question difficult of solution ; but it
way only can we account for the vol- may not be irrelevant to mention, that
canic dust having made its way seem the dust had the property, from the
ingly against the trade- wind, which, largequantity of iron it contained, of
atthat period of the year especially, is absorbing and retaining the solar heat,
steady and uniform . so as to be painfully hot to the touch :
It is also worthy of remark, that the this heated state was probably favour
explosions of the volcano should have able to the evolution of larvæ .
been heard at the distance of twenty As soon as the dust was mixed with
leagues, though the wind was against the soil, or was washed from it, so as
theprogress of the sound. to lie in less abundance on the surface ,
A long period of drought succeeded the caterpillars gradually disappeared .
to the fall of dust, and during that It may not be unworthy of mention,
period the columnsof the lighter parts that the destruction of the foliage of
of the dust, which were raised and the potatoes bythe caterpillars did not
driven by the wind, proved a most un- in any degree diminish the crop : on
pleasantannoyance to those who were the contrary, the return was unusually
exposed to them , and exhibited a very abundant, and ultimately saved Bar
singular appearance when viewed from badoes from a continuance of the fa
any distance. mine which the loss of the crops of
I may now notice an occurrence corn exposed it to. From this circum
which took place subsequently to the stance I am induced to infer , that the
fall of dust, and which I am inclined dust, thoughit never seemed to unite
to believe was in some degree connect- intimately with the soil, had a fer
ed with that event. tilizing property. The chemical ana
As soon as the crop of corn ( zea lysis of this dust is already before the
maize and holcus sorsum ), and of po- public.-- I have the honour to be, sir,
tatoes, (sweet potato , or 'convolvulus &c.
batatas, of the West Indies ) the plant
ing of which had been long retarded
by the preceding drought , and took ANECDOTES OF ANTIQUARIES .
place shortly after the fall of the dust,
were established, swarms of cater MR EDITOR,
pillars, of a variety of species, sudden- I have just seen the first Number of
ly made their appearance, and destroy- your Magazine on a table in the study
ed the growing corn and the foliage of of a much respected friend of mine,
thepotatoes. The sudden production whose talents have gained for him a
of these animals, and their immense distinguished rank among the learned
quantities, scarcely can be conceived . and elegant writers of Caledonia.
It will be sufficient to mention , that, I observe you announce, that a por
in one instance, in a field of potatoes, tion of the publication is to be set a- .
not a single caterpillar was observable part as an Antiquarian Repertory ."
early in the morning , and before noon As oft as you can procure well-au
of the same day, they were discovered thenticated articles, connected with
in such abundance as to require to be antiquity, whether they are deemed of
swept up and carried off in the earthen importance in the estimation of some
vessels used in the sugar manufactory of your readers, or unprofitable in that
to contain molasses, and which hold of others, you will do well to publish
about five gallons each . The cater- them, for “ even out of the chaff a
pillars, however, which destroyed the pottage is made. ” But beware that :
 1817.) Anecdotes of Antiquaries. 137

you are not “ bronzed ;" and take length detail the amusing colloquy
care you have reasonable proofs, that which took place, upon anafter occa
what you publish is authentic. sion, between the venerable and the
Now, in point, Mr Editor, I will real owner of the kettle. Suffice it to
tell you a story ,--a story well-known, say, he was no Roman, - buta sturdy
though, of course, not to nine -tenths Highlander,who would havegiven hard
of yourreaders . blows to any Roman who dared to in
A venerable, learned, and worthy vadehis kettle, orany thing else be
country gentleman, who, had he been longing to him . In a word , then, his
in life , would have found a pleasure story was this ;-that his wife “ Shan
in contributing to your " Repertory," et ” had , twelve months ago, bought
happened, in the course ofa forenoon this identical kettle in the town of-
walk, tocome upon some industrious and in her way home, having indulged
peoplewho were engaged in clearing too freely to cure a cholic, mistookher
away the extensive moss of In path through the moss, plumped into
the course oftheir operations, one of what is called a peat- bog, and was
them met with a substance which re- glad to quit her kettle and save her
sisted his spade. The spade was self; that Duncan's description of the
thrown aside,and the pick -axe grasped size, shape, & c. of the kettle, and
to “ split in flinders" this resisting Janet's, exactly agreed ; and that there
substance. Softly, my friend,” said wasnodoubt but it was their “ nown "
the antiquary ; “ continue with your kettle. “. If your honour will only
spade, and trench round ; perhaps gie me back the kettle, I'll hing it in
you may raise , entire, a Roman urn . the very middle kaiber o' the pothie,
-For I have always been of opinion,” to be a warning to Shanet to get trunk
said he to himself, “ that this was no more." “ That is impossible Don
the line of march of the Romans.” ald ," said the venerable ; “ but there
The illiterate peasant knew as much is as much money for you as will buy
about an urn ,” as, mayhap , he did two such kettles ; and in order to cor
about " Roman .” But his respect for rect Janet's colics, there is, beside, a
the “ venerable " was too great notto copy of Macniel's History of Will and
obey his orders. Well , then , he Jean, which you may cause your son,
trenched , till atlast it made its ap- Peter, read to his mother again and
pearance. “A Roman camp-kettle," again , and you yourself will not be
with enthusiastic pleasure, said the the worse for listening to the moral
antiquary to himself. “ Carryit to the tale.” Donald accepted of the boon,
HOUSE, "Duncan, and I shall amply and, having repeatedly said “ Got pless
reward you ." He did so , and was and thank your honour,” withdrew .
amply rewarded , befittingso inestima- Now , Mr Editor, this is not a
ble a treasure. For in all his actings « bronze” -no story of fancy ;-some
he dealt justly,-succoured the needy of your readers will at once recognize
- was a repressor of vice --a promoter it, and will blame me for telling it só
of industrious virtue. Such was our clumsily.
venerable antiquary . Well - I have just another story to
It was placed on a table in his study, tell you, by way of introduction to
He viewed it with admiration and de- our future acquaintance, and then , for
light,-it confirmed him in his opin- the present, I have done.
ion ,-its goblet form ,-its moveable A select knot of antiquariesset out
semi-circular handle ;-— all conspired. to explore classic ground. “ Here,
“ Unquestionably ," said he, the here !" exclaimed one." Now we
Romans must have made this their have it - look here ! look at this
line of march , and not that, as some stone ; perfectly distinct and plain !
ignorantwriters have asserted. mark the letters ! R. I. Las clear
Pursuing these ideas, it has been as day, although our researches may
insinuated that he wrotea learned dis- sometimes be covered in obscurity.
sertation about this kettle, preparatory Quite plain and intelligible - R . I. L.
to its being presented elsewhere. It Thusfar, andno farther," he exulting
is further said, that it was presented ly exclaimed ; " RomaniImperii Li
and received with equal veneration mes!” Theantiquariesgatheredaround,
and thanks. wonder : “ We
and were struck with
However, to make “ a long tale shall, ” said one of them , “ find, to a
short, ” Mr Editor, I shall not at full certainty, an urn , containing thebones
Vol. I. S
138 On Combustion . [May
of some valorous Roman general.” to press, furnish you with some very
Let us to work , said they, with one curious matter connected with the an
concurring voice, and with their mat- cient manners and history of our coun
tocks they set furiously to the busi-
ness .
try ; and I think , that out of thegreat
Before they had proceeded far, materials I am possessed of, the article
their attention was attracted by the will be upon “ Border Bonds of Man
hallooing and bellowing of a sturdy rent.” — I am , &c. STRILA .
peasant , who was hastening towards Edinburgh, 23d April 1817.
the spot. When he had approached
them , and stopping till he had gather CHEMICAL PROCESS OF COMBUSTION.
ed wind, he exclaimed, Hoot, hoot,
lads! what's that you're about? mind It appears, from the notices inserted
what the Bible says,-Cursed be he in the scientific journals, that the at
who removes a landmark .” — “ Peace, tention of Sir Humphry Davy is at
clown," said the junior antiquary, - present particularly directed to the
youare ignorant of thematter ; R. I. consideration of the chemical process
L. that is,RomaniImperii Limes.” of combustion ; and though we do not
Hoot, toot, lads ! " said the country , consider ourselves entitled to suppose
man , I ken Latin as weel as you do that all our readers can possess that
yoursel - Do ye think I was na bred minute acquaintance with this subject,
wi' Mr Doig, at Falklan school, wha which mightjustifyus in presenting
could hae learned the very kaes that it to them in considerable detail, we
biggit in the auld palace to speak yetthink, thaton so very interesting a
Latin, as my auld granny said , gin topic itis possible to convey such gen
they had only leeted till him . And eral information as may be sufficient
you say, too , I amignorant o' the mat- ly understood by every description of
ter . But faith , birky,letme tellyou, readers. No phenomenon, it is evi
I should ken mair o' the matter than dent, presentsa subject ofmore intera
you ,-- for was na I present whanauld esting speculation to a mind of just
Rab Roughcast, themason, hewed and philosophical taste. The instantane
pat in that very stane, in my gutcher ous transition from a state of darkness
Robin Rantletree's time. Romani tothat of clear and useful illumination ,
Imperii Limes, wi' a ban to ye ! I be which is produced by the presence of
lieve ye are nae better than a band o' a lighted taper -- the beautiful form
tinklers, wha wad claim Rab Innes' which the flame itself is disposed to
Lands as the property of ony Roman. assume the varied tints which char
But there's auld Rab Innes himsel', acterize this appearance from the mild
poor feckless body, coming - we're no blue of its base to the white or orange
owre thrang neebours, yet I wadna of its waving summit - and the unfail
like to see him wranged for a' that. ing steadiness with which it maintains
But I’se gae my ways, and gif he lets itsplace, so long as the materials of
you remove the landmark, I say again , its nourishment areafforded, present
accursed be he wha does sae.”' an assemblage of striking appearances,
This onset gave the antiquaries no which, but for the inattention induced
stomach to encounter Rab Innes, and by its almost-habitual presence, is bet
they, precipitately, took a direction ter fitted, perhaps, to awaken the in
which separated them equally from terest of a thinking mind than any
Rab Innes and young Rantletrees, other phenomenon ofdaily occurrence.
leaving the R.I. L. in quiet posses. It is a fact, however, that the re
sion of the field. searches and theories of modern che .
Now, Mr Editor, you must not sup- mistry have as yet been able to ad
pose that I intend to throw any dis- vance but a very little way towards a
credit upon your Antiquarian Reper- satisfactory explanationobviousof these ap
tory. Quite the reverse. All that I pearances.-- The most suppo
mean to deduce from what I have said sition unquestionably is, that the light
is, a caution to you against being taken and heat which are essential to the phe
in by a gudewife's “kail pat ” for a nomenon , are derived from the burning
“ Roman camp-kettle," or by the land- body itself — and this, accordingly , it
is universally known, was the opinion
mark betwixt two decent cock lairds entertained
for a Romani Imperii Limes . by the followers of Stahl,
In proof of my sincerity, I shall, whose doctrines exercised an unlimited
D. V., before your June Number goes influence before the introduction of
1817.) On Combustion . 139

the present views, over the philoso- men, accordingly , were in this state,
phers and chemists of modern Europe. it was opportunely discovered, that
According to this philosopher, then, when a burning body is introduced in
combustion was merely the evolution to a jar of common air, the mouth of
from the burning body, when placed the jar being at the same time invert
in circumstances adapted to this effect, ed over water, the oxygenous portion
of a peculiarly subtile and active prin- of the air is altogether consumed, and
ciple, to which, from the ordinary ap- the burning body is found to have ac
pearancewhich its evolution assumes, quired an additional weight, precisely
he gave the name of Phlogiston- light corresponding with that of the oxygen
and heat being those properties of this which had disappeared. From this
body by which it adapts itself to the discovery it was immediately conclud
observation of our powers of percep- ed, that combustion is in fact nothing
tion. This theory, we have said, from else than the combination of oxygen
the high reputation which its author with the combustible body — that the
had obtained , was long unanimously light and heat are the consequences of
adopted by philosophers--and being this combination , being necessarily
in perfectagreement with the most given out by the combining oxygen
natural and obvious judgment of man- and that the whole process of com
kind , scarcely a suspicion was allowed bustion is explained , when it is state
tointervene, that there could be any ed to be the consequence of the se
thing imperfect or inaccurate in the paration of oxygen , -first, from the
theory. The progress of philosophical other constituent of the air, and next,
opinion uponthis subject, however, from the light and heat which it con
presents, we think, a very instructive tained before it began to experience
instance of a disposition which seems this separation , -and also, of the com
universally characteristic of mankind, bination of this gas with the body
that, we mean , of employing any fa- whose combustion was actually ob
vourite principle to accountfor every served. A fewof the more intelligent
appearance which presentsitself, how- and cautious of the learned might still
ever little warranted such an appli- entertain a very invincible opinion,
cation may be by the circumstances that the phenomenon in question had
most characteristic of the phenomenon not really been accounted for — but the
in question. It is accordingly very great multitude of the studious, who
generally known, that about thelatter seldom condescend to a very careful
part of the last century, and while the examination of any particular subject,
doctrines of Stahl were in all their received the doctrine as impregnably
vigour, the existence and properties of established — while, in the public de
oxygen were discovered, and immedi- monstrations of professed teachers, the
ately excited the utmost attention in difficulties thatremained were either
all who were devoted to philosophical entirely unnoticed, or were hastily
pursuits. The discovery was, in re- concealed from the view of the curious,
ality, both beautiful and instructive by ambiguous language, or unsatisface
in a very uncommon degree. The tory conjecture.
increased illumination communicated Fromthe application of this state
by this gas to any ignited body which ment, however , we conceive ourselves
the operator immersed in it— the pure bound to exempt all the more enlight
and apparently ethereal nature of the ened and illustrious chemists. Sir
gas itself - the very energetic proper- Humphry Davy, we believe, in his
ties it was found to possess — andthe public lectures,always expressed him
vast variety of bodies into whose come self upon this subject with much be
position it was discovered to enter- coming freedom of opinion - and Dr
all contributed to point out this sub- Thomson has repeatedly stated, in
stance as one of the most important his excellent system , that he still
instruments in the economy of nature, considered the explanation of the phe
and insensibly produced a very gene nomena of combustion as in a very
ral disposition to receive its operation imperfect state. The opinion of this
as a complete account of any former latter philosopher, indeed , if we are
unexplained phenomena, with whose not much mistaken , has always coin
existence andproperties it might have cided exactly with that which we are
any connexion. While the minds of anxious at present to submit to the
7
140 Original of Milton's Satan . [ May
notice of our readers, viz. that in the ON THE ORIGINAL OF MILTON'S SA
commonexplanationof this phenome- TAN, WITH EXTRACTS FROM CRA
non, only one of the circumstances SHAW's “ SUSPICION OF HEROD . "
connected with it, that is, the disap
pearance of the oxygen, had in reality MR EDITOR,
been accounted for, while the exhibi- In the learned and elegant disserta
tion of light and heat, which really tion, in your last Number, on the Pro
constitute whatis essential to the phe- metheus of Æschylus, an old opinion
nomenon , are altogether unexplained. has been revived , that Milton took the
Conceiving that this view of the character of his Satan from the Pro
matter must now be verygenerally ad- metheus of the Athenian poet. Both
mitted, it is with much satisfaction personages are stern and unbending,
that we perceive Sir Humphry Davy to and sofar, certainly, theresemblance
be actively engaged in the investiga- holds good ; but such a Satan as Mil
tion of what has justly been denomi. ton had to delineate was already
nated the mostimportant problem in sketched with a masterly hand by the
chemistry. His attention seems to Italian poet, Marino, in his poem on
have been naturally directed to this “ The Slaughter of the Innocents,"
investigation , by his recentinvaluable one book of which, “ The Suspicion of
discovery of the safety -lamp for coal Herod , " was translated into English
mines, and by the very curious pro- by Crashaw , and gipen to the public
perties offlame which were suggested long before Paradise Lost was written .
by that discovery ; and he has accord- The poem of Marind I have neverbeen
ingly read several papers, at different able to procure even a sight of ; but I
meetings of the Royal Society, detail- have sent you some extracts from the
ing the experimentshe has made, with translation, which, bwingto the gene
the view ofelucidating the properties ral bad taste of Crashaw ,it is probable
of flame. His opinion , as recently ex- few of your readers are acquainted
pressed, seems to be , that flame con- with ; and those who are, will readily
sists of gaseous bodies heated above pardonyou for reprinting some of the
whiteness. Many other curious pro- finest lines our poetrycan boast of.
perties, however, of ignited bodies The suggestion, thatMilton has bor
have been discovered by him in the rowed from them , is not new , but has
course of his recent researches and been little attended to .
we have little doubt, that before he DIGAMMA.
relinquishes the investigation, he will
either be able to go farther towards From “ byCrashaw
The Suspicion of Herod,”
a solution ofthe difficulty than former translated , from Marino,
experimentalists have been able to ad beginning at stanza 8.
vance, or will at least succeed , by ex
hibiting an accurate statement of the BELOW the bottom of the great abyss,
case , in giving currency to a more sci- There,where onecentrereconciles all things,
entific mode of considering this sub- The world's profound heart pants ; there
ject, than that which has so long been placed is
implicitly adopted by the multitude of Mischief's old Master ; close about him
moresuperficial and careless inquirers. clings
-It is at all times a treatof the high- A Thecurl'dknot ofembracing snakes, & c.
Judge of Torments, and the King of
est kind, to follow the progressof sci Tears,
entific discovery -- but the gratification He fills a burnish'd throne of quenchless
derived from this source is necessarily fire ;
enhanced to an incalculable amount, And for his old fair robes of light, he wears
when there seems reason to appre- A gloomy mantle of dark flames ; the tire
hend, as in the present instance , that That crowns his hated head on high appears,
the perseverance of the philosopher is Where seven tall horns (his empire's pride)
on the point of being rewarded, by aspire ;
the developement of some views of And, to makeup Hell's majesty,each horn
prominent importance. The curiosi- Şeven crested Hydra's horribly adorn.
His eyes, the sullen dens of Death and
ty of a liberal mind admits, in fact, of Night,
no higher gratification (the delight of Startle the dull air with a dismalred ;
the discoverer himself excepted ) than Such his fell glances as thefatal light
that of being permitted to watch the or staring comets, that look kingdomes
event. dead .
1817.) Original ofMilton's Satan. 141
His breath Hell's lightning is, and each Which the
, like two bosom'd sails, embraced
dim air
deep groan
Disdains to think that Heaven thunders With a dismal shade, & c.
alone ! He tossed histroubled eyes, embers that glow
Three rigorous virgins, waiting still be. Now with new rage, and wax too hotfor
hind , Hell.
Assist the throne of theiron -scepter'd King ; With his foul claws he fenced his furrowed
With whips of thorns, and knotty vipers brow ,
twin'd , And gave a ghastly shriek, whose horrid
They rouse him , when his rank thoughts yell
need a sting. Ran trembling through the hollow vaults of
Thus reigns the wrathful King, and while Night.
he reigns, Yet, onthe other side , he fain would start
His sceptre and himself both he disdains. Above his fears, and think it cannot be, & c .
Disdainful wretch ! how hath one bold sin
cost While new thoughts boil'd in his enraged
Thee all the beauties ofthyonce brighteyes ? breast,
How hath one black eclipse cancell'dand His gloomy bosom's darkest character
crost Was in his shady forehead seen exprest.
The glories that did gild thee in thy rise ? The forehead's shade in grief's expression
Proud morning of a perverse day ! how lost there ,
Art thou
非
unto thyself ! Is what in sign of joy amongtheblest
The face's lightning, or a smile, is here.
From Death's sad shades, to the life. These stingsof care that his strong heart
breathing air, opprest,
This mortal enemy to mankind's good A desperate “ Oh me ! ” drew from his
Lifts his malignant eyes, wasted with care, deep breast.
& c. “Oh me !” thus bellowed he ; “ oh me !
He calls to mind the old quarrel, and what what great
spark Portents before mine eyes their powers ad
Set the contending sons of Heaven on fire : vance ?
Oft in his deep thought he revolves the dark And serves my purer sight only to beat
Sybil's divining leaves ; he does inquire Down my proud thought, and leave it in a
Into the old prophecies, trembling to mark trance ?
How many present prodigies conspire Frown I, and cangreat Nature keep her seat,
Tocrown their past predictions, & c. And the gay stars lead on their golden dance ?
Heaven's golden-winged herald late he Can Hisattemptsabove stillprosperous be,
saw Auspicious still, in spite of Hell and Me ?
To a poor Galilean virgin sent : “ He has my Heaven , (what would he
How low the bright youth bowed , and with more ?) whose bright
what awe And radiant sceptre this bold hand should
Immortal flowers to her fair hand present.- bear ;
He saw , how in that blest day- bearing And, forthe never-fading fields of light,
night My fair inheritance, he confines me here
The Heaven -rebuked shades made haste To this dark house of shades, horror and
away ; night,
How bright a dawn of angels with new light To drawcheer
Amaz'd themidnight world, andmade a day
a long-liv'd death , where all my
Of which the morning knewnot . Is the solemnity my sorrow wears,
He saw athree-foldsun ,withrich increase Thatmankind's tormentwaits upon mytears.
Make proud the ruby portals of theEast. “ Dark dusky man , he needswould single
He saw the temple sacred to sweet Peace forth,
Adore her Prince's birth To make the partner of his own pure ray :
He saw the falling Idols all confess And should we Powers of Heaven , spirits of
The coming Deity. worth ,
He sawHeaven blossom with a new -born Bow our bright heads beforea king of clay ?
light, It shall not be ! said I ; and clomb the north ,
On which, as on a glorious stranger, gaz'd Where never wing of Angel yet made way.
The goldeneyes of Night, whose beam made What though I mist my blow ?-yet I
bright struck high ,
The way to Bethlem , and as boldly blazed And to dare something, is some victory.
(Nor asked leaveof the sun ) by day as night. “ Is He not satisfied ? means He to wrest
Struck with these great concurrences of Hell from me too, and sack my territories ?
things, Vile human nature, means he not t’invest
Symptoms so deadly unto Death and him , (O my despite !) with his divinest glories ?
Fain would he have forgotwhatfatal strings And rising with rich spoils upon his breast,
Eternally bind each rebellious limb. With his fair triumphsfill all future stories !
He shook himself, and spread his spacious Must the bright arms of Heaven rebuke
wings, these eyes ,
142 White's New Invented Horizon . [ May
Mock me, and dazzle my dark mysteries ? WHITE's NEW INVENTED HORIZON.
“ Art thou not Lucifer ? he to whom the
droves MR EDITOR,
Of stars that gild the morn in charge were It is well known, that, at sea, when
given ? on is obscured by
The nimblestofthe lightning-winged loves, the natural horiz
weather, the sun'smeria
The fairest and the first-born smile of thick or foggy
事
heaven ? dian altitude, for ascertaining the lati
tude of the ship's place, cannot be ob
Ah wretch! what boots thee to cast back served ; consequently, the navigator
thy eyes has nothing to depend on, until noon
Where dawning Hope no beam of comfort next day, to regulate his future pro
shews ?
While the reflection of thy forepast joys ceedings ,except his dead reckoning.
Renders thee double to thy present woes !. In the English Channel, the North
Rather make up to thy new miseries, Sea, theBanks of Newfoundland, the
Andmeetthemischief thatupontheegrows. Coast of America, and many other
If Hell mustmourn,Heaven sure shall places of the world, the fogs are often
sympathise : so thick, and of such long continuance,
What force cannot effect, fraud shall devise. as to renderit impossible to ascertain
“ And yett whose force fear 1 ?-Have I the true position of the ship, for want
so los of the latitude. Under such circum
Myself?-my strength too , with my inno- stances,although the sun is seen very
try who? dares, Heaven, Earth, what distinctly, and felt very powerfully,
Come, cence
e'er dost boast there is no other alternative but to
A borrowedbeing, make thy bold defence ! keep the ship at sea : for no man in
Come thy CREATOR too !-what though it his senses will run for a port, in such
cost weather, without being pretty certain
Me yet another fall?We'd tryourstrengths. of his latitude.
Heaven saw us struggle once ; as brave a To obviate these hitherto insur
fight
Earth now should see , and tremble at the mountable obstacles,Mr Gavin White,
grocer in Kinross, has, by a wonderful
ht !”
Thussigspoke th' impatient prince, and effort of uncultivated genius, invented
made a pause. a very simple apparatus,-with which,
His foulhagsrais’d their heads, and clapp'd when fixed, byan easy process, to the
their hands, common quadrant, an artificial horizon
And all the Powers of Hell, in full applause, can thereby be obtained, and the sun's
Flourish'd their snakes, and tossd their meridian altitude observed, the same
flaming
*
brands. as if ascertained with a quadrant and
natural horizon, in the common way
“ I thank you all, but one must single madeuseofon board a ship at sea.
out. ”
This apparatus is, at present, made
Thrice howl'd the caves of night, and so as to screw on to my brass sextant,
thrice the sound , with which I have made many obser
Thund'ring upon the banks of those black vations, not only for determining the
lakes, latitude, but also for ascertaining the
Rung through the hollow vaults of Hell true apparent time ; which , from the
profound : ears thenoice o'ertakes, accuracyofthe whole, enables meto
Atlastherlistning
She lifts hersooty lamps, and lookinground, pronounce the invention one of very
A general hiss from thewhole tire ofsnakes great importance to science and navi
Rebounding, through Hell's inmost caverns gation.
came , A large series of observations have
In answer to her formidable name! been made with it, both on shore and
* #
on board theRamillies, now in Leith
Scarce tothis monster could the shady King Roads, which have been forwarded
The horrid sum of his intentions tell: to some gentlemen , eminently distin
But she ( swift as the momentary wing guished for scientific knowledge and
Of lightning
Hell.
, or the words he spoke) left acquirements, in this city ; who, with
a very laudable zeal for the promotion
She rose , and with her to our world did of science, have interested themselves
bring
Pale proof of her fell presence . in such a manner, as , it is hoped , will
-
ultimately prove highly beneficialboth
Heaven saw her rise, and saw Hell in the to the invention and inventor.
sight. W. BAIN , Master, Royal Navy.
Edinburgh, May 6th 1817.
 1817.) Anecdotes of the Pastoral Life. 143
TALES AND ANECDOTES OF THE ber of a body so generally respectable
PASTORAL LIFE .
as our Scottish Clergy, and who, at
No II. the same time, maintains a fair worldly
character ; but in a general discussion
The wedding-day at length arrived ; -in any thing that relates to the com
and as the bridegroom had charged monweal ofmankind; all such inferior
us to be there at an early hour, we set considerations must be laid aside. And
out on horseback, immediatelyafter the more I consider the simplicity of
breakfast, for the remote hamlet of the people of whom I am now writing
Stridekirtin . We found no regular —the scenes among which they have
path,but our way laythrough a coun- been bred — and their lonely and se
try which it is impossible toview with- questered habits of life, where the
out soothing emotions. The streams workings and phenomena of nature
are numerous, clear as crystal, and alone appear to attract the eye or en
wind along the glens in many fantas- gage the attention ,--the more I am
tic and irregular curves. The mouna convinced that the temperament of
tains are green to the tops, very high, their minds would naturally dispose
and form many beautiful soft and them to devotional feelings. If they
shaded outlines . They are, besides, were but taught to read their Bibles,
literally speckled with snowy flocks, and only saw uniformly in the mi
which ,aswe passed , were feeding or nistersof religion that sanctity of cha
resting with such appearance of un- racter by which the profession ought
disturbed repose, that the heart na- ever to be distinguished, these people
turally found itself an involuntary would naturally be such as everywell
sharer in the pastoral tranquillity that wisher to the human race would de
pervaded all around. sire a scattered peasantry to be. But
My good friend, Mr Grumple, could when the most decided variance be
give me no information regarding the tween example and precept is forced
names of the romantic glens and on their observation , what should we,
mountains that came within our view ; or what can we, expect ? Men must
he, however, knewwho were the pro- see ,hear, feel, and judge accordingly.
prietors of the land, who the tenants, And certainly in no other instance is a
what rent and stipend each of them patron so responsible to his sovereign ,
paid , and whose teinds were unex- his country, and his God , as in the
hausted ; this seemed to be the sum choice he makes of spiritual pastors.
and substance of his knowledge con These were some of the reflections
cerning the life, character, and man- that occupied my mind as I traversed
ners, of his rural parishioners, save that this beautiful pastoral country with
he could sometimes adduce circum- its morose teacher, and from these I
stantial evidence that such and such was at length happily aroused by the
farmers hadmade money of their land, appearanceof the cottage, or shep
and that others had made very little herd's steading, to which we were
or none. bound. It was situated in a little
This district, over which he presides valley in the bottom of a wild glen, or
in an ecclesiastical capacity, forms an hope, as it is there called. It stood
extensive portion of the Arcadia of all alone; but besides the dwelling
Britain . It was likewise, in some late
house, there was a little byre that held
ages, noted for its zeal in the duties of
the two cows and their young, -a
religion, as well as for a thirst after
good stackof hay, another of peats,
the acquirement of knowledge con- a sheep -house , and two homely gar
cerning its doctrines; but under the dens ; and the place had altogether
'tuition of such a pastor as myrelative something of a snug, comfortable ap
appears to be, it is no wonder that pearance. Though this is only an in
practical religion should be losing dividual picture, I am told itmay be
ground from year to year , and scepti- viewed as a general one of almost every
cism , the natural consequence of laxity shepherd's dwelling in the south
in religious duties, gaining ground in of Scotland; and it is onlysuch pic
proportion. tures that, in the course of these tales,
It may be deemed, perhaps, rather I mean to present to the public.
indecorous, to indulge in such reflec- A number of the young shepherds
tions respecting any individual who and country -lasses had already arrived,
. has the honour to be ranked as a mem- impatient for the approaching wed.
144 Anecdotes of the Pastoral Life. [May
ding ; others were coming down the two of them had actually leapt twen
green hills in mixed parties all around, ty-two feet , on a level plain, at one
leadingone another, and skipping with bound. This may appear extraordi
the agility of lambs. They were all nary to those who never witnessed
walking barefooted and barelegged, such an exercise, but it is a fact of
male and female — the men were dresse which I can adduce sufficient proof.
ed much in the ordinary way, only that Being delighted as well as astonish
the texture of their clothes was some- ed at seeing those feats of agility , I
what coarse, and the women had black took Peter aside, and asked him if I
beavers, white gowns , and “ green might offer prizes for some other ex
coats kilted to the knee .” When they ercises. “ Hout na," said Peter ;
came near the house they went into “ ye'll affront them ; let them just
little sequestered hollows, the men alane ; they hae eneuch o ' incitement
and women apart, “ pat on their hose e'now , an ' rather owre muckle atween
an' shoon , and made themsels a' trig you an' me ; forbye the brag o the
an' witching,” and then came and thing — as langas the lasses stand and
joined the group with a joy that could look at them , they'llply atween death
not be restrained by walking,—they an' life. ” What Petersaid was true,
run to mix with their youthful asso- —instead of getting weary of their
ciates. sports, their ardour seemed to increase ;
Still as they arrived , we saw , on our and always as soon as the superiority
approach, that they drew up in two of any individualin one particular ex
rows on the green, and soon found ercise was manifest, another was in
that it was a contest at leaping. The stantly resorted to ; so that ere long
shepherds were stripped to the shirt there was one party engaged in wrest
and drawers, and exerting themselves ling, one in throwing the stone, and
in turn with all their might, while another at hop -step-and -leap, all at
their sweethearts and sisterswere look- one and the same time.
ing on with no small share of interest. This last seems to be rather the fa .
We received a kind and hospitable vourite amusement. It consists of
welcome from honest Peter and his three succeedingbounds, all with the
father, who was a sagacious-looking same race ; and as the exertion is
old carle, with a broad bonnet and greater, and of longer continuance,
gray locks; but the contest on the they can judge with more precision
green still continuing, I went and the exact capability of the severalcom
joined the circle, delighted to see a petitors. I measured the ground, and
pastime so appropriate to the shep- found the greatest distance effected in
herd's life. I was utterly astonished this way to be forty-six feet. I am
at the agility which the fellows dise informed, thatwhenever two or three
played. young shepherds are gathered together,
They took a short race of about at fold or bught, moor or market, at
twelve or fourteen paces, which they all times and seasons, Sunday's excepta
denominated the ramrace, and then ed, one or more of these athletic exer
rose from the footing-place with such cises is uniformly resorted to ; and
a bound as if they had been going to certainly, in a class where hardiness
mount and fly into the air. The crook- and agility are so requisite, they can
ed guise in which they flew shewed never be too much encouraged.
But now all these favourite sports
great art — the knees were doubled up-
ward — the body bent forward and were terminated at onceby a loud cry
the head thrown somewhat back ; so of “ Hurra ! the broose ! the broose !''
that they alighted on their heels with Not knowing what the broose meant,
the greatest ease and safety, theirjoints Ilooked all around with great preci
being loosened in such amanner that pitation, but for some time could see
not one of them was straight. If they nothing but hills. At length , how
direction in
fell backward on theground, the leap ever , by marking the perceived,
was not accounted fair. Several of the which the rest looked , I at
antagonists took the ramrace with a a considerable distance down the glen ,
staff in their hand, which they left at five horsemen comingat full speedon
the footing -place as they rose. This a determinedrace, although on such a
I thought unfair, but none of their op- road , as I believe, a race was never be
ponents objected to the custom . I fore contested . It was that by which
measured the distance, and found that we had lately come, and the only one
 1817. ) Anecdotes of the Pastoral Life. 145

that led to the house from all the four gain — whipped on furiously, and would
quarters of the world. For some time soon have overhied his pedestrian ad
it crossed “ the crooks of the burn,” versary ; but the shepherds are bad
as they called them ; that is, it kept horsemen, and, moreover, Jock’s horse,
straight up the bottom of the glen, which belonged to Gideon of Kirk
and crossed the burn at every turning. hope, was unacquainted with the
Of course every time that the group sheep -drains, and terrified at them 3
crossed this stream , they were for a consequently, by making a sudden jerk
moment involved in a cloud of spray backwards when he should have leapt
that almost hid them from view, and across one of them, and when Jock
the frequent recurrence of this render- supposed that he was just going to
ed the effect highly comic. do so, he threw his rider a second
Still, however, they kept apparently time. The shouts of laughter were
close together, till at length the path again renewed , and every one was
left the bottom of the narrow valley, calling out, 66 Now for the mell !
and came round the sloping base of a Now for the mell ! Deil tak the hind
hill that was all interspersed with most now !” These sounds reached
drains and small irregularities of sur- Jock's ears ; he lost no time in mak
face ; this producing no abatement of ing a last effort, but flew at his horse
exertion or speed ; horses and men again - remounted him - and, by urg
were soon foundering, plunging, and ing him to adesperate effort, actually
tumbling about in all directions. If got a -head of his adversary just when
this was amusing to view, it wasstill within ten yards of the door, and thus
more so to hear the observations of the escaped the disgrace of winning the
delighted group that stood round me mell.
and beheld it. 66 Ha, ha, ha ! yon- I was afterwards told , that in former
der's ane aff ! Gude faith ! yon's Jock ages it was the custom on the Border,
o'the Meer-Cleuch ; he has gotten when thevictor in the race was pre
an ill- faur’d flaip.-- Holloa ! yonder sented with the prize of honour, the
gaes another, down through a lair to one who came in last was, at the same
the een -holes ! Weel done, Aedie o' time, presented witha mallet or large
Aberlosk ! Hie till him, Tousy, outher wooden hammer, called a mell in the
now or never ! Lay on, ye deevil, an' dialect of the country, and that then
hing by the mane ! Hurray !” the rest of the competitors stood in
The women were by this time need to be near at hand, and instantly
screaming, and the men literallyjump- to force the mell from him, else he
ing and clapping their hands for joy was at liberty to knock as many of
at the deray that was going on ; and them down with it as he could . The
there was one little elderly-looking mell has now , for many years, been
man whom I could not help noting ; only a nominal prize ; but there is
he had fallen down on the ground in often more sport about the gaining of
it than the principal one. There was
a convulsion of laughter, and was spur
ring and laying on it with both hands another occurrence which added great
and feet. One, whom they denomi- ly to the animation of this, which I
nated Davie Scott o’the Ramseycleuch- had not time before fully to relate .
burn, amid the bay of dogs and the About the time when the two unfor
shouts of men and women , got first to tunate wights were unhorsed in the
the bridegroom's door, and of course bog, those who still kept on were met
was acknowledged to have won the and attacked , open mouth, by at least
broose ; but the attention was soon twenty frolicsome collies, that seemed
wholly turned from him to those be- fully as intent on sport as their mas
hind . The man whose horse had sunk ters. These bit the hind - legs of the
in the bog , perceiving that all chance horses, snapped at their noses, and
of extricating it again on the instant raised such an outrage of barking, that
was out of the question , lost not a mo- the poor animals, forespent as they
ment, but sprung to his feet - threw were, were constrained to lay them
off his clothes, hat, and shoes, all at selves out almost beyond power. Nor
one brush - and ran towards the goal did the fray cease when the race was
with all his might. Jock o' the Meer- won. Encouraged by the noise and
Cleuch , who was still a good way far clamour which then arose about the
ther back, and crippled besides with gaining of the mell, the staunch collies
his fall, perceiving this, mounted a- continued the attack, and hunted the
* 9L. I. T
 116 Anecdotes of the Pustoral Life. [May
racers round and round the houses Aedie,” said John, " what hae ye
with great speed, while the horses made o ' our young friend ? " - " Ou !
were aïl the time wheeling and fling- she's safe eneuch ,” returned he ; “ the
ing most furiously, and their riders, best-man and John the elder are wi'
indesperation, vociferating and cursing
her.”
their assailants. On looking round the corner of the
All the guests now crowded toge- house, we now perceived that the bride
ther, and much humour and blunt wit and her two attendants were close at
passed about the gaining of the broose. hand. They came at a quick canter.
Each of the competitors had his diffi- Shemanaged her horse well, kept her
culties and cross accidents to relate ; saddle with great ease , and seemed
and each affirmed, that if it had not an elegant sprightly girl, of twenty
been such and such hindrances, he four or thereabouts. Every cap was
would have gained the broose to a cer- instantly waved in the air, and the
tainty. Davie Scott o' the Ramsey- bride was saluted with three hearty
cleuch -burn, however, assured them, cheers. Old John, well aware of what
that “ he was aye hauding in his yaud it behoved him to do, threw off his
wi' the left hand, and gin he had liket broad bonnet, and took the bride re
to gie her out her head, she wad hae spectfully from her horse - kissed and
gallopit amaist a third faster.” — “ That welcomed her home. " Ye're wel
may be ,” said Aedie o' Aberlosk, “ but come hame till us, Jeany, mybonny
I hae come better on than I expectit woman ," said he ; “ may God bless
wi' my Cameronian naig. I never saw ye, an ' mak ye just as good an' as hap .
him streek himsel sae afore - 1 dare say py as I wish ye.” It was a beautiful
he thought that Davie was auld Cla- and affecting sight, to see him leading
vers mounted on Hornie. Poor fallow !" her toward the home that was now
continued he, patting him , “ he has a to be her own. He held her hand
good deal o' anti-prelatic dourness in in both his—the wind waved his long
him ; but I see he has some spirit, for gray locks - his features were length
a' that. I bought him for a powney, ened considerably the wrong way,and
but he's turned out a beast. ” I could perceive a tear glistening on
I next overheard one proposing to his furrowed cheek .
the man who left his horse, and ex- All seemed to know exactly the parts
erted himself so manfully on foot, to they had to act ; but every thing came
go and pull his horse out of the quag- on me like magic, and quite by sur
mire. Na, na, " said he, “ let him prise. The bride now stopped short
stick yonder a while, to learn him on the threshold, while the old man
mair sense than to gang intill an open broke a triangular cake of short- bread
well-ee and gar ane get a mell. I saw over her head , the pieces of which he
the gate I was gawn, but I couldna threw about among the young people.
swee him aff ; sae I just thought o' These scrambled for them with great
Jenny Blythe, and plunged in . I violenee and eagerness ; and indeed
kend weel something was to happen, they seemed always to be most in their
forI met her first this morning,the element when any thing that required
ill-hued carlin : but I had need to strength or activity was presented. For
haud my tongue !-Gudeman, let us my part, I could not comprehend what
seea drap whisky.” He was presented the sudden convulsion meant, (forin
with a glass " Come, here's Jenny a moment the crowd was moving like
Blythe,” said Andrew , and drank it a whirlpool, and tumbling over one
off. - " I wad be nae the waur o’a wee another in half dozens) till a little girl,
drap too,” saidAberlosk , taking a glass escaping from the vortex, informed me
of whisky in his hand, and looking that they war battling wha first to
stedfastly through it ; “ II think I see get a haud o' the bride's bunn .” I was
Jock the elder here ,” said he ; “ ay, still in the dark , till at length I saw
it's just him - come, here's the five the successful candidates presenting
kirks o Eskdale." He drank it off their favourites with small pieces of
“ Gudeman , that's naething but a this mystical cake. One beautiful maid,
Tam - Park of a glass : if ye'll fill it with light locks, blue eyes, and cheeks
again, I'll gie a toast ye never heard like the vernal rose, came nimbly up
afore. This is Builey's Dictionary ," to me, called me familiarly by my
said Aedie, and drank it off again. naine, looked at me with perfect seri
“ But, when a' your daffin's owre, ousness, and without even a smile on
1817.] Greek Tragedy. 144
her innocent face, asked me if I was to the smiddy wi' him, itis ten to ane
married. I could scarcely contain my but Jock Anderson wad hae been
gravity, while I took her by the hand, drunk, an' then we wadnahae gotten
and answered in the negative. " An' the bride hame afore twall o'clock at
hae ye no gotten a piece o'the bride's night; sae I thought it wasbetter to
cake ?" - " Indeed , my dear, I am let them tak their chance than spoil
sorry I have not.” “ O , that's a great sae muckle good sport, an' I e'en set
shame, that ye hae nae gotten a wee her on Wattie Bryden's pownie. The
bit ! I canna bide to see a stranger factor has behaved very ill about it,
guided that gate. Here, sir,I'll gie ye the muckle stottin gowk ! If I had
the tae half o' mine , it will ser' us durst, I wad hae gien him a deevil of
baith ; an' I wad rather want mysel a thrashin ; but he says, ' Faith it's
than sae civil a gentleman that's a that- yes, indeed - that - he will send
stranger should want ." them - yes, faith — it's even ama new
So saying, she took a small piece of tikabed every year.'
cake from her lap, and partedit with The ceremony of the marriage next
me, at the same time rolling each of ensued ; but as there was nothing pe
the pieces carefully up in a leaf of an culiar about it ( except that it took
oldhalfpenny ballad ; but the whole place in the bridegroom's house, and
of her demeanour shewed the utmost not at the bride's former home, which
seriousness, and of how much import was out ofthe parson's reach ) ; and as
sheNow,"
judgedcontinued
thistrivial
she,
crumb to be. itwas
ye maun ,besides, Itheshall
day's exercise, dullest
notpart
say ofmuch
that
lay this aneath your head, sir, when about it, only that every thing was
ye gang to your bed, and ye'll dream done decently and in order. But I
about the woman ye are to get for have run on so long with this Num
your wife. Ye'll just think ye seeber, that I fear I must postpone the
her plainly an' bodily afore your een ; foot- race, the dinner discourse, and
an' ye'll besae weel acquainted wi' her, final winding up of the wedding, till a
that ye'll ken her again when ye see future opportunity. H.
her, if it war amang a thousand. It's
a queer thing, but it's perfectly true ; REMARKS ON GREEK TRAGEDY.
sae ye maun mind no to forget
I promised the most punctual ob No II.
servance of all that she enjoined, and
added , that I was sure I would dream ( Æschyli Chæphori -- Sophoclis Elec
of the lovely giver ; that indeed I tra . )
would be sorry were I to dream of When we study the history of our
any other, as 1 deemed it impossible race , which is little else than a chroni
to dream of so much innocence and cle of crimes and follies, of blood shed
beauty . " Now mind noto forget," in vulgar wars, and intellect wasted
rejoined she, and skipped lightly away on unworthy purposes, the eye , that
to join her youthful associates. wanders with disgust over the blotted
As soon as the bride was led into page , turns with delight to the con
the house, old Nelly, the bridegroom's templation of the virtues and the ge
mother went aside to see the beast on nius by which it is sometimes bright
which her daughter-in - law had been ened ; nor are periods wanting, in
brought home; andperceiving that it which, degraded as man has generally
was a mare , she fell a -crying and been, he exhibits such moral and in
wringing herhands.— I inquired, with tellectual grandeur, as to make even
some alarm , what was the matter.- themostcynical abate of the harshness
" O dear, sir," returned she, “ it's for with which he usually judges of hu
the poor bairnies that'll yet hae to dree man nature. Of these favoured times,
this unluckymischance - Laike-a- day, in an eminent degree, was the age in
poor waefu ' brats ! they'll no lie in a which Æschylus flourished. Never,
dry bed for a dozen o' years to come !” perhaps, did there exist at once, a
“ Hout ! haud yourtongue, Nelly," greater number of men distinguished
said the best man , " the thing's but a by virtue and talent. To prove this
freat a' thegither. But really we could- assertion , nothing more were neces
na help it : the factor's naig wantit a sary than to give a list of the honest
fore - fit shoe, an ’ was beckin like a wa- statesmen who then presided in the
ter - craw . If I had ridden five miles councils of Athens,-of the warriors
148 Greek Tragedy . [ May
who devoted their lives to her indea Bannockburn is of more value than
pendence, of the architects, sculp- the innumerable triumphs of the vul
tors, painters, poets, historians, and gar herd of conquerors.
philosophers, whose names are, even Hence the curiosity which every
at this day, shedding a glory over her thing connected with that extraordi
ruins, brighter than that which illu- nary people has excited, and theen
mines the maturity and vigour of any thusiasm with which the ruins of their
other state. This age may be denon city have been explored, andthe works
minated the spring of the world, and of their poets and sages studied ; yet
its productions, even in their decay, it has happened, unfortunately for li
retain much of the freshness, and the terature and the arts, that little more
bloom, and the beauty,of that delight- than the wrecksof their genius have
ful season . Their statues do not ap- survived. A pillar, or a capital, or a
pear so much to be imitations of na- frieze, is all that remains of the tem
ture, as nature herself, starting into ple that was the glory of the age that
life, and assuming her finest forms. reared it; and of the ninety tragedies
The ruins of their temples give us which the fertility of the genius of
models of the grandest design and the Æschylus produced, only seven have
most beautiful execution . Socrates descended to us, and these in a mu
taught a system of the purest morals tilated and imperfect state; yet, though
and the most sublime theology, of in many passages it is obvious that
which he exemplified the one in his the poetry has suffered from the care
life, and sanctioned the other by his lessness of transcribers, and not less,
death. In history, Thucydides and perhaps, from the ambitious learning
Xenophon have not yet been surpass- of the commentators, we can judge of
ed ; and the dramatic writers gave to these seven as wholes ; and the more
the drama a form which their succes- narrowly we examine them , the more
sors may have modified and improved causeshall we find to justify the ad
-never changed . War was not then miration of his contemporaries, and of
waged to aggrandize one and to de- succeeding ages.
grade the many - it was the generous It is not the object of the writer of
struggle of a whole people,determined this essay to indulge in verbal criti
to perish amid the ruins of their coun- cism on the Greek text, or to attempt
try, rather than receive a foreign yoke. to restore imperfect readings by con
In the battles of liberty, in which jectural emendations, much less to aim
Æschylus, and Pindar, and Socrates, at bringing forward original views of
fought, a little band of freemen resist- the Greek Tragedy. His design is
ed and baffled the whole power of a simply to offer such obvious remarks
mighty empire ; and war, that in com- as are most suitable to a miscellany of
mon cases depresses talent, and ex- this kind, and to give such abstracts,
tinguishes all the arts but such as are and extract such passages, as may en
subservient to the purposesof destruc- able the reader to judge for himself of
tion , kindled a flame of enthusiasm these celebrated productions. He is
that cherished and developed the seeds now to analyze two playswritten on
of whatever was great and good in man; the same subject, the Chophori of Æs
and were we asked to name a period chylus, and the Electra of Sophocles.
in which he is seen in the noblest While Agamemnon was at Troy,
view , our minds would turn to the his queen, Clytemnestra, had an illicit
years that elapsed from the Persian intercourse with Ægysthus. Fearing
invasion to the extinction of the liber- the punishment due to their disloyal
ties ofGreece by Philip. The dura- ty, they surprised him on his return
tion of freedom , and the glory of to Argos, murdered him , and usurped
Greece, was short ; but let it be re- his throne. Electra, who, at the time
membered, that national glory was of her father's death, was arrived at
the offspring of national independence, womanhood, secretly sent to Phocis,
and thatthey perished together. The under the care of an aged and faithful
lovers of mankind may lament, and tutor, her infant brother Orestes, well
the abettors of despotism may rejoice, aware that her mother and Ægysthus
that their existence was of so short a would soon remove this only obstacle
date ; but a few such years are worth to the secure possession of that throne
myriads of ages of monkish slumber, which they had obtained by adultery
and one such victory as Salamis or and murder. The punishment of the
 Greek Tragedy. 149
1817. )
guilty pair, which is the subject of of her murdered husband. After of
these plays, is supposed not to have fering thesacrifice, as directed by her
taken place till twenty years after the mother, Electra discovers the lock of
transaction ofwhich I have been speak , hair left by Orestes, and from various
ing. Electra, who was a woman of a reasons concludes that it could have
lofty and unconquerable spirit, during been brought there by none else than
that long interval, suffered every spe- him. Its resemblance to her own in
cies of indignity from an unnatural colour, and the certainty that no one
mother , and the murderer of her fa- but a real mourner would have per
ther, who now sat upon his throne. formed this pious office to the spirit of
The only effect of ill treatment on a prince who had been long forgotten
such a mind was, to fix there a settled by allexcept herself and her brother,
purpose of revenge. She was one of carried conviction to her mind that he
that class of beings, whom an attempt was at no great distance, and that the
to humble exasperates, not subdues; time for which she had so long and so
and from the depth of her degradation, ardentlyprayed was at length arrived .
she looked forward to the return of So completely had this idea taken pos
her brother as the event that was to session of her mind, that even his foot
avenge her wrongs, and restore the prints, which coincided with her own
honours of the family of Agamemnon . in measurement, to her ardour ap
He at length appears , and arecognition peared proof unquestionable. She ad .
takes place between him and his sister, dresses the Chorus as follows :
at the tomb of their father , where
E. Long has my agitated soul been
they swear mutual vengeance over his pierced
ashes. With the advice of Pylades, By fortune's keenest arrows ; grief and rage
they arrange their plans, by which it Alternately have swayed my withered heart,
is agreed that Orestes should assume But at the sight of this small lock of hair
the character of a messenger from Largetears ofjoy flow from my thirsty eyes.
Phocis, with the news of his own ' Tis histhere
! what hand but his could place it
?
death . He thus gains admittance to
Clytemnestra and Egysthus, to whom Hope trembles in my bosom . Ye bright
this was the most welcome intelli, Oh ! had ye voices to allay my fears !
gence ; and stabs them with a poignard Orestes. ( Starting from concealment.)
which he had concealed under his Thy prayers are granted.
robe. E.Say, what prayers are granted ?
These are the main incidents in 0. Behold the man for whom thou oft
these dramas. In each there are slight hast prayed .
variations , and a marked difference E. Stranger , how knowest thou what my
prayers have been ?
in the dramatic management ; but in 0. I know that they are offered for Or .
the following examination, it will be estes .
seen which of the rival poets has E. Tell me, I pray thee, how they are
made the most skilful use of his ma accomplished ?
terials. From this skeleton of the 0. Sister, I am Orestes, seek no further.
plan , it will appear that these plays E. Oh ! how may I believe thee ? Mayst
approach nearer our ideas of regular thou not
tragedy than the Prometheus. By treachery be seeking myundoing ?
The first scene of the Chophori dis 0. That only were to plot my own de
covers Orestes at the tomb of his fa struction ;
This moment thou wert easier of belief,
ther, on which he lays a lock of his A single hair, a foot-print, served as proof,
hair, a customary rite among the an And now that thou behold'st me, thou re
cients ; but seeing a company of fe- ject'st me ;
males approach, whom from their ap. Look on this robe which thou thyself didst
pearancehe supposes to be Electra and weave ,
her maidens, he retires to a covert to Thou doubtest me - thou wilt not that em .
see what was the object of their visit. broidery.
He soon discovers that he right E. My beloved Orestes ! Joy of my tears,
in his conjectures. It waswasElectra, Light, hope, and safety, of my father's
and a band of Argive virginswho courage,mybrother,and thou shaltobtain
form the Chorus. On that very night Thy reft inheritance, thou guiding star
Clytemnestra, who had been disturbed of allmy fortunes ;father ,mother,sister,
by portentous dreams, had sent her All nature's dearest names, are met in thee :
to offer expiatory libations at the tomb Oh ! Jupiter, regard our righteous cause.
 150 Greek Tragedy. [ May
0. Father of gods and men ! oh , hear spirit, he compensates by a delicacy of
my prayer ! taste, and a tenderness of feeling,
Behold the generous offspring of the eagle, which, if they do not render him the
Who basely perish'd in the hideous folds greatest of the ancient poets, make
Of a fell serpent : - now the orphan brood him at least one of the most interest
Are famished and defenceless in their eyrie ;
Oh ! plume their wings, and give them to ing of them . Nature had endowed
avenge him with an imagination which was
Their royal father, and again establish ever under the guidance of a sound
The undermined foundations of the palace." understanding ; not overleaping her
After a dialogue of considerable own boundaries, nor irregular and er
length, and in many places of great raticin itscourse, and astonishing by
beauty, they invoke the ghost ofAga- its blaze, like the comet ; but, likethe
memnon to aid them in the work of evening-star, steady in its progress
vengeance. through the fields of light,-ever bril
“0.Open, 0 earth, and send my father liant, and ever beautiful. He is al
forth ways in the elementary of our nature
To see the conflict ! - therefore he always takes possession
E. Proserpine, inspire of the heart; and though he does not
Our souls with energy - our arms with reign there with absolute dominion,
strength . like Shakspeare or Homer, he is a
whom receive
0. Oh, father! bear in mind the bloody guest with pleasure
we ,
bath
Where thou wert slain . and dismiss with regret ; and if he
E. The veil with which they bound thee. does not fill us with the idea that he
0. The toils in which, like a wild beast, is the greatest poetical genius of the
they caught thee. dramatic writers of his country, he has
Why does thy spirit start not from the grave certainl produced better
When that thou hearest of these unnatural any of ythem . Less plays than
impetu and
ous
deeds ?
less daring than Æschylus, and less
E. Why lift’st thou not thy venerable pathetic than Euripides, he knew how
head ?
to turn his talents to account better
Pitý thy children sitting on thy tomb ! than either. His mind could grasp
Oh! blot not from the earth an ancient race ;
Thou livest in us , and be it to avenge thee.” his subject, and mouldit according to
He at last gains admittance tothe his will, which generally led him into
palace, and murders Ægysthus and the path of nature ;andhe seldom so
Clytemnestra. At first he glories in far loses sight of thewhole, as to say
the deed, but the powerof conscience more in any one part than is necessary
soonprevails ; andinafit of phrenzy tothedevelopement ofhis plot or his
he fancies he seesthe furies ofhis characters, norless thanis required for
mother. perspicuity. Like the statuaries, he
seems to have fixed in his mind a
• O. ( To the Chorus.) See there they are ! Standard of ideal excellence ; and if
dost thou not see them there ?
The dragonsrear and hiss amongtheir hair ! he does not, like some of them ,al
ways reach it, he comes nearer it than
I can abide no longer.
Cho. My dear Orestes ! any of his competitors for dramatic
Thy fancy's vain creations do distract thee. glory ; and it is not easy for us to con
Ó . These are no imaginations. See, they ceive, that the tragic art should in a
come
few years haveappears
The dogs ofhell — my mother'sangry furies! perfection , as made such advances
in some to
of the
Cho. Thy hands are red with blood ; in pieces of this elegant writer. The
such a state
drama was then like a rich field new
'Tis natural thy mind should be disturbed .
0. Saveme, Apollo !see they rush on ly broken up by the plough, and its
me ! fertility was amazing. Sophocles pro
The blood is dropping from their glaring duced no fewer than a hundred and
eyes. forty plays. Only seven of these have
Ye see them not — but I do see them well survived the wrecks of time, or the
They fix their eyes on meI cannot stay. ” dilapidations of barbarian or monkish
I shall now give a short analysis of ignorance ; but these are so skilful in
the Electra, which is justly considered design, and so beautiful in execution,
one of the finest plays of the Greek -are such masterpieces of art, and
stage. Sophocles was not a man of so yet such faithful exhibitions of na
sublime a mind as Æschylus ; but ture -as
,— to make us greatly lament
what he wants in loftiness and fire of the loss of the whole.
 1817.] Greek Tragedy. 151
E. It is too plain.
In the analysis of the Electra , it 0. These are the ashes of the young
will be only necessary to mention Orestes.
the incidents in whichit differs from
E. Give me that treasure, I conjure thee ,
the Chæphori, as the main story is stranger,
the same in both. The great dif
not that boon.
ference of the dramatic management
By(allIt the
is given her, me
gods,todeny and she proceeds. )
lies in the recognition ; and the lock Yedear remains of my beloved Orestes,
of hair, of which so important a use Vain were the hopes thatshone like thee in
is made in the one, is barely men- brightness,
tioned in the other. Another char . When I did send thee hence ! Then didst
thou bloom ,
acter is besides introduced, Chryso
themis, the sister of Electra, a woman Like a sweet flower, in infant loveliness ;
Now art thou withered , not to bloom again.
of gentle
a and timid mind, subdued Oh ! would that I had died when i did
by the tyranny of her mother and send thee
Ágysthus ,and well contrasted with into a foreign land did rescue thee
Electra. Clytemnestra, who in the From murder; on that day thou might'st
play of Æschylus seldom appears till have lain
the scene of her own assassination, is in the same grave with thy beloved father ;
heremuch on the stage, and, by the Butfriendless
thou hastperished in a foreign country,
exile, and I was not near thee .
bitterness of unmerited reproach , ex A
Wretch that I am ! I did not with these
asperates the haughty spirit of Elec hands
tra. During adialogue between the Perfume thy precious corpse, nor did I ga
mother and daughter, composed of ther
mutual recrimination, the tutor enters, Thy ashes from the pile, as it became me ;
and informs them , abruptly, that he But thou wert dressed by mercenary hands,
was sent from Phocis with the intelli- My star of hope is set. Alas ! how fruitless
gence of the death of Orestes, who had Were the sweet cares with which I tended
thee ,
been killed by a fall from a chariot in
the Pythian games . These tidings While yet an infant! For I was to thee
producedinthe mind of Clytemnestra AHownurse, a mother I was all to thee.
joydiddancethrough my delighted
an unnatural joy, that she wasat no veins,
pains to conceal,and plunged Electra When , hanging round my neck, thou didst
into despair. She had hitherto endured pronounce ,
life, merely from the hope of there- Withmusic inmy ear, the name of Sister.
turn of Orestes ; and this was a blow Thy death has like the whirlwind swept away
so terrible and so unexpected, that she All that remained to me of love and life.
sank beneath it. After Clytemnestra Long Ihave had no father who could aid me;
had quitted the stage, and a conversa- My enemies insult me, and mymother
Revels in joy ; and thou , who oft didst send
tion of some length had passed between
the sisters, in which Electra, in the Assuranceto me that thou wouldst arise
The gloriousavenger of my wrongs,
simple and affecting language which shalt never wake to lookon me again ;
real sorrow always suggests, mourns And for thy beautiful and manly form ,
the fate of Orestes, he himself appears, And fair affection's smile upon thy face,
disguised as a traveller, and an attend . And thy sweet voice---all I receive is ashes.
ant bears a small casket. I transcribe But, oh ! that I were with thee in that case
ket !
this scene, which is perhaps the finest
of the Greek stage. Foritwere good to mingle ashes with thee,
And lie in loved repose in the same tomb.
“ O. Is that the palace of Ægysthus ? 0. How shall I address her ? This is more
Cho. It is : thou hast been well directed Than I can bear : my feelings will have
hither . utterance .
0. Lady, wilt thou inform him that a E. What grievest thou for ? I understand
stranger thee not.
From Phocis craves the honour of an au . 0. Oh, lady ! art thou not the famed
dience ? Electra ?
E. Alas ! he brings sad proofs of our E. I am Electra, but most miserable.
misfortunes. Thou hast no sorrows, stranger ; whyweep'st.
0. I understand thee not ; but Strophius thou ?
sent me hither O. Because I pity thy calamities.
s tidings of Orestes. E. Thou knowest but few of them .
ar Ægysthu
ToE.be What tidings, stranger ? Fear is in 0. What worse than these ?
my soul. E. I am condemned to dwell with mur
0. The little casket that thou seest contains derers.
The ashes of the dead. 0. Whose murderers ?
152 Greek Tragedy. [ May
E. My father's murderers. Cly. I am murdered !
0. Ill -fated lady ! how I pity thee ! E. Again ! Repeat the blow;
E. Thou art the only man that pities me. And strike with the unerring force of ven
0. For I alone feel a true sympathy geance.
In thy misfortunes. Cly. Murder ! I die !
E. Art thouof my kindred ? E. Oh ! had Ægysthus fallen
Ö. ( Pointing totheChorus.) If these By the same stroke!
were friendly, I should tell thee all.
E. Fear not them , for they are , ever
faithful. SHAKSPEARE CLUB OF ALLOA .
0. Lay down the casket. Thou shalt MR EDITOR ,
hear the truth . Your readers must have remarked in
E. Stranger, ask not that, I supplicate the newspapers, for some years by
thee,
By all thy hopes, oh ! rob me not of that. gone, accounts of an yearly festival in
0. Restore the casket ! memory of Shakspeare, held at a place
E. Brother of my soul ! called ALLOA, situated, I believe,
How miserable were I, if bereft somewhere on the banks of the Forth ;
Of this possession ! a town which I think I have once or
0. Lady, cease to mourn . twice heard mentioned, though on
E. Shall I not mourn a brother's death ? what account I do not at present re
0. Mourn not.
E. What!am I thus dishonoured of the collect, was not
this veryif itclub, or ainconsequence
famous STEAMof
dead ?
0. Thou art of none dishonoured . BOAT, on a new plan, that was there
E. Are not these constructed .
Mybrother's ashes ? And shall I not mourn ? Curious to learn how the anniver .
0. They are not. sary of Shakspeare first came to be
E. Where are they then ? Oh ! give me celebrated in such a remote corner of
them ! our country , I have made every in
0. The living need no tomb. quiry I could anent it, in order to lay
È . What meanest thou ? the account before your readers ; but
0. I only speak the truth . to very little purpose. I have been
E. Oh ! lives Orestes ?
0. Lady, he lives indeed, if I do live. told that this poetic union had its ori,
E. Art thou Orestes ? gin about sixteen years ago, and was
0. Take that ring ; observe it. first set on foot inopposition to a Mu
E. Oh ! happy hour! sical Club- it must be an extraordi
0. Yes, happy hour indeed ! nary place this Alloa )—which was
E. Light ofmy life ! and art thou come established there at the same time.
at last ?
The latter, however, like its own en
0. Expect no other brother. chanting strains, died away, and has
E. Do I clasp
My brother tothat heart which hasnotfelt, left no trace behind ; but the poetical
brotherhood continued stedfast, flour
For many a lonely year, thepulse of joy ?
0. Thus ever be thy joys." ished , gained ground, and promises to
be permanent. The members have a
From these gentle feelings, Electra
rises to the true sublimity of hercha- hall, a library, and a store of wines,
racter, and, like a demon ,instigates spirits, & c. To this store or cellarevery
her brother to the murder of their one of them has akey, and is at liberty
mother. When their plans are fully to treathisfriendsfrom it to any ex
arranged, Orestes enters the palace, tent heThere
trol. pleases,is without check
something or con
extremely
and,from behind the scenes, Clytem- liberal and unreserved in this, and
nestra is heard crying in a loud voice. were we members of this club, we
“ Cly. The royal halls are full of mur
derers ! would certainly prefer this privilege
Where are my friends ? to any literary one that can possibly
E. ( To the Chorus.) Hush ! hear ye not be attached to it.
a voice ? The festival this year, I am told , last
Cho. Yes, sounds of woe, that shake my ed eight days complete ; and myinform
soul with horror.
er assures me, that (saving on the23d,
Cly . I am murdered ! Oh ! where art the anniversary of their patron's birth )
thou , Ægysthus ? during all that time every man of
E. Hush ! again she shrieks. them went sober to his bed . I be
Cly. My son ! my son !
Have mercy on thy mother ! lieve thegentlemen thought so, which
E. Thou hadst no mercy was much the same as if it had really
On him , and on my father thy own husband. been the case . Their principal ac
1817.] Shakspeare Club of Alloa. 163

musements are songs, recitations, li- We looked up to the Ochils — and our minds
terary toasts, and eulogiums; and the Dwelt on the impervious Grampian glens
meeting, it appears, was greatly enliv- beyond,
ened this year by the attendanceof As on a last retreat- for we hadsworn
a Mr Stevenson, a young professional That Bancho's old unalienable line
Shouldthere findshelter'mid aland and
singer, whose powers of voice promise race
thehighest excellence yet attained in By man ne'er conquered , should a sore ex
Scottish song. I have likewise been treme
so far fortunate as to procure the Urge the expedient. In this hall the while
sole copy of a poetical address de Constantwemet- weekly and yearlymet,
livered by the President, on his And in the pages of our Bard revered ,
Our canonized Shakspeare, learned to scan
health being drank,
better definition thana
the clubgives
of which And estimate the sanguine springs that
moved
any thing I could possibly have ob- The world's commotion . There we saw
tained . It would surelybe a great defined
treat to your readers, could you pro- The workingsof ambition - the deceit
cure some of their eulogiums literally Of courts and conclaves traced the latent
source
as delivered, that we might see what Of human crimes and human miseries
kind of ideas the people of that out :
landish place entertain about poets and His is the Book of Nature !_Now the days
Of tumult are o'erpast. Our crested helms
poetry in general. The following ap. In heaps lie piled_our broad Hungarian
pears to be somewhat in the style of blades ,
the Poet Laureate. Which erst with martial sound on stirrup
Brethren , know you the import of this rung,
meeting ? Cumbering the thigh, or gleaming in the
This festival, in which from year to year air
We feel a deeper interest ? - List to me. Like bending meteors likea canopy,
I have a word to say — one kindly meant Of trembling silver : all are laid aside !
As a remembrancer of days gone by, Piled in the armoury , rusting in the sheath !
And bond of future time- Here have we There let them lie . - 0 ! may the gloomy
met fiend
These many fleetingyears ; each in his place; Of home commotion never force the hands
Have seen the self samefriendly facesgreet Of brethren to resume them ! Times indeed
us Are changed with us ! The sailor's song is
With kindred joy, and that gray bust of him , hushed ,
Our patron bard, with flowers and laurels Pale discontent sits on the Labourer's brow ;
crowned . Blest be the Ruler's heart who condescends
There is a charm.in this -- a something blent Some slight indulgence at this trying hour ,
With the best genial feelings of the heart ; Nor likethe Prince of Israel, who despised
Each one will own it. Turn we to the past : The old men's counsel, threats a heavier
Survey th’eventsand changes that have been yoke.
In lands and nations round us, since we first Changes must happen - but in silence still
Joined in poetic unity. That view We wait the issue, with a firm resolve
Is fraught withtints so grand, so wonderful, To cherish order. In our manual there
That Time's old annals, though engraved Our bond of union broadly is defined
with steel, The mob's enormities ; for reason , faith ,
And cast in blood , no parallel unfold. Nor prudence govern there.All this, when
In these we had our share - we took a part viewed
With arm , but more with heart. With sul. With retrospective glance,gives to this day,
len eye And to this socialbond, no common share
We saw the vessels waning from our port ; of interest and regard. Nay, more , my
Our native Forth , that wont to be a scene friends,
Of speckled beauty with the shifting sail, Ourselves are changed in feature and in
frame
The veering pennon, and the creaking barge.
Deep-loaded to the wale, with fraughtage Since first we met..Then light of heart we
rich , were ,
Heaved on in glassy silence, -- tide on tide, Ardent and full of hope, and wedded all
And wave on wave lashed idly on our strand . To the aspirings of the heaven -born muse .
Sore altered were the times ! -- We bore it all, But years have altered us ! Sedatenessnow
Determined , by our country and our King Is settled on each brow . Friends have de
To stand, whate'er the issue. When the parted,
scene And families sprung around us.Thus our
Look'd more than usual dark - when em. joys,
pires fell Our loves, and feelings, like ourselves, are
Prostrateas by enchantment-- and the threat changed,
Of stern invasion sounded in our ears , Softened to sadness -mellowed to a calm
Vol . I. U
154 Scottish Gypsies. [ May
Which youth and passion ruffle may no Then for their paramours the maddening
more ! brawl,
How different all our views, our hopes, and Shrill, fierce,and frantic, echoes round the
fears , hall.
From those we knew on that auspicious day No glimmering light to rage suppliesa mark,
We took the name we bear - the greatest Save the red firebrand, hissing through the
name dark ;
The world e'er listed . - Kingdoms may de- And oft the beams ofmorn , the peasants say ,
cay , The blood -stained turf, and new - formed
And Empires totter , change succeed to graves display.
chang Fell race, unworthy of the Scotian name!
But here no change presents_uncoped with Your brutal
clai
deeds your barbarous line pro
still m;
Standsourimmortal Shakspeare — he whose With dreadful Gallas linked in kindred
birth bands,
This day we celebrate.0 ! be this day The locust brood of Ethiopia's sands,
For ever sacred to his memory Whose frantic shouts the thunder blue defy,
And long may we, my Brethren, though And launch their arrows at theglowing sky.
divided In barbarous pomp, they glut the inhuman
To the four winds of heaven, meet again , feast
Happy and free, on this returning day . With dismal viands man abhors to taste ;
And when the spareand silvery locks of age And grimly smile, when red the goblets
Wave o'er the wrinkled brow and faded eye, shine,
Memento of a change that is to be ; When mantles red the shell_but not with
May we survey this day and all behind wine !” LEYDEN .
Without regret, and tothe future look
composure and unshaken hope. The village of Kirk - Yetholm , in
No calm
With 5, Devon Street, May 1817 . Roxburghshire, has long been remark
able as a favourite hauntof the Scottish
Gypsies ; and it still continues, in the
NOTICES CONCERNING THE SCOTTISH presentday, to be their most import
GYPSIES .
ant settlement, and the head -quarters
of their principal clans. The original
( Continued from page 58.) causes of this preference may be readily
traced to its local situation , which af
"On Yeta’s banks the vagrant gypsies place forded peculiar facilities for the indul
Their turf-built cots ; a sun -burnt swarthy gence of their roaming and predatory
race ! habits, and for the evasion of legal re
From Nubian realms their tawny line they straints and penalties . Though remote
bring , from theprincipalpublic roads,theyob
And theirbrown chieftain vaunts the name tained, from this station, a ready access
of king : to the neighbouring districts of both
With loitering steps from town to town they kingdoms, by various wild and unfre
pass , little known since
ass ,
thedays by
Their lazy dames rocked on the panniered quented of -paths,
theborder forays, except
From pilfered roots, or nauseous carrion, fed, to themselves and a few cattle - droya
By hedge-rows green they strew the leafy ers. The hills and waters, also, teemed
bed, with game and fish , and the upland
While scarce the cloak of tawdryred conceals farms and hamlets required a constant
The fine-turned
reveals :
limbs, which every breeze supply of tinkering, crockery, and horn
spoons, and abounded with good cheer,
' Their bright black eyes thro' silken lashes while magistrates and constables,and
Aroundshine,
their neckstheir raven tresses twine; country-towns, were ' few and far be
But chilling damps,and dews of night,im- tween .'-- All these were advantages of
pair no trivial nature to the vagrant com
Its soft sleek gloss, and tan the bosom bare. munity, and they seem, accordingly,
Adroit the lines of palmistry to trace , to have been neither overlooked nor
Or read the damsel's wishes in her face, left unimproved by the colonists of
Her hoarded silver store they charm away, Kirk - Yetholm .
A pleasing debt, for promised wealth topay. The village itself lies quite embo
But, in the lonely barn , from towns re somed among the Cheviot hills, and
mote ,
The pipe and bladder opes its screaking besides its claims to celebrity as the
modern metropolis of the “ Lordis of
throat,
To aid the revels of the noisy rout, Littil Egipt,” it is not undeserving of
Who wanton dance, or push the cups about ; some notice, also , on account of the
1817.) Scottish Gypsies. 155
simple and sequestered beauty of its women loitering at their doors, or la
scenery. It hangs upon the lower zily busied among their carts and
declivity of a steep rocky hill, call- panniers--and ragged children scram
ed Stairroch, on the southern bank of bling on the midden - steads (which rise
the Bowmont, or as Leyden, in the before every cottage) in intimateand
elegant poem above quoted, has named equal fellowship with pigs, poultry,
it- the Yeta . This is a fine trouting dogs, and cuddies.
stream , which issues, a few miles a- This description , though brief and
bove, from the west side of Cheviot ; general, may perhaps appear to some
and after winding through a narrow readers more minute than the occasion
pastoral valley, unsheltered with wood, requires; but some little indulgence,
but bounded everywhere by smooth we trust, will be allowed , if not on
steep hills of the most beautiful ver- account of our own early partialities,
dure, flows down between the two vil- -at least for the sake of the now
lages of Kirk and Town Yetholm . classical scenery of gypsey heroism
The Bowmont is here joined by a large the native haunts of Jean Gordon ,
brook from the bottomof a picturesque alias Meg Merrilies.
recess among the neighbouring hills, The general aspect of the surround
which pours into it the superfluousing country, however, cannot be said
waters of the little lake of Loch - Tower to bear any striking analogy to the
or Lochside. A short way below this more dark and savage features of the
it enters Englan gypsey charact
d, and afterwards falls tains er. Though the moun
of Cheviot can never fail to do
into the Till near Flodden Field.
Between the two villages is stretched waken in the breast of a Scotsman a
a broad and level haugh, which the thousand elevating emotions, there is
Bowmont occasionally overflows. At little in their natural scenery that
Fasten's Even this always forms the deserves the epithets of terrible or
theatre for the toughest foot- ball match sublime. It is wild , indeed, but
now played in the south of Scotland. without ruggedness and interesting
Town- Yetholm lies rather low, and rather than picturesque. Its chief
exhibits nothing remarkable either in characteristic is pastoral simplicity
the character of its inhabitants or its with something of that homely and
internal appearance ; but a small co- affecting bareness peculiar to Scottish
nical hill, whose rocky summit retains landscape;-- like the Border scenery
the vestiges of someancient entrench- in general, the green banks of Bow
ments, rises between it and Loch- mont seem more calculated to sooth
Tower, and presents a very pleasing the fancy and soften the heart, than to
view on approaching from the north. exasperate the passions by exciting the
differ
It is cultivated on all sides quite to imagination. To sources very
the top,-- and the small village- ten- ent from the influences of external na
ants, by whom it is chiefly occupied, ture must be traced the strange pe
have parcelled out its sloping declivi- culiarities of these wild and wayward
ties into parks, or little enclosures, of tribes. In the same Arcadian vallies,
almost Chinese variety ,-- each ofwhich reside at the present moment a pea
annually exhibits, ona small scale, the santry distinguished for superior in
diversified operations and variegated telligence, morality, and delicacy of
vegetation of Scottish husbandry. feeling - whose moss-trooping ances
The aspect of the opposite village, tors, little more than a hundred years
to which the gypsey population is en- ago, were nevertheless sufficiently fa
tirely confined , is of a different char- miliar with stouthe reif and pykarie,'
acter :-a mill and a church - yard ris with feudal rancour and bloody revenge
ing from the brink of the water-- the -- but the moral causes, which have
church itself low and covered with happily changed the Border reivers
thatch – beyond which appear the into a religious and industrious peo
straggled houses of the village, built ple, have scarcely yet begun to dawn
in theold Scottish style, many of them upon the despised and degraded Gyp
with their gable-ends, backs, or cor- sies.
ners, turned to the street or toun gate Tradition affords no intelligence res
and still farther up, the Tinkler- pectingthetime when the first Gypsey
their residence at Kirka,
Row, with its low, unequal, straw- colony fixed The
covered roofs, and chimneys bound Yetholm . clan Faas are gene
of
with rushes and hay- ropes men and rally supposed to have established
156 Scottish Gypsies. [ May
themselves there at a very remote these notices by far the most interest
period ; and the pretensions of the ing are, a short report of Mr Walter
present chieftain ofthat name to un- Scott, sheriff ofSelkirkshire, and an
mixed nobility of blood, as the lineal account of the Yetholm Gypsies by
descendant of the renowned ' Erle Bailie Smith of Kelso - which weshall
Johnne,' are probably as well founded, extract in full; for though they relate,
at least if not so splendidly illustrate in some points, to particulars already
ed , as the proud genealogy of the fa- detailed,they are altogether toographi
mous Prince de Paz, which certain cal and curious to be subjected to any
northern heralds, it is said , had lately abridgment.--Mr Scott writes as fol
the merit of tracing up to the ancient lows :
royal blood of Scotland ! “ A set of people possessing the
The tribe of Youngs are next tothe same erratic habits, and practising the
Faas in honour and antiquity. They trade of tinkers, are well known in
have preserved the following tradition the borders ; and have often fallen un
respecting their first settlement in Yen der the cognizance of thelaw. They are
tholm : - Ata siege of the city of Na- often called Gypsies, and pass through
mur ( date unknown) the laird of the county annually in small bands,
Kirk- Yetholm , of the ancient family with their carts and asses. The men
of Bennets of Grubet and Marlfield, are tinkers, poachers, and thieves up
in attempting to mount a breach at on a small scale. They also sell crock
the head of his company, was struck ery, deal in old rags, in eggs, in salt,
to the ground , and all his followers in tobacco, and such trifles ; and
killed or put to flight, except a gypsey , manufacture horn into spoons . I be
the ancestor of the Youngs, who re- lieve most of those who come through
solutely defended his master till he re- Selkirkshire reside, during winter , in
covered his feet, and then springing past the villages of Horncliff and Spittal,
him upon the rampart, seized a flag , in Northumberland, and in that of
which he put into his leader's hand . Kirk - Yetholm , Roxburghshire.
The besieged were struck with panic “ Mr Smith , the respectable Bailie *
the assailants rushed again to the breach of Kelso , can give the most complete
– Namur was taken — and Captain information concerning those who re
Bennet had the glory of the capture. side at Kirk - Yetholm . Formerly, I
On returning to Scotland , the laird, out believe, they were much more des
of gratitude to his faithful follower, perate in their conduct than at pre
settled him and his family (who had sent. But some of the most atrocious
formerly been wandering tinkers and families have been extirpated ; I allude
heckle-makers) in Kirk-Yetholm , and particularly to the Winters, a North
conferred upon them and the Faas a umberland clan, who, I fancy, are all
feu of their cottages for the space of buried by this time.
nineteen times nineteen years-- which “ Mr Riddel, Justice of Peace for
they still hold from the Marquis of Roxburghshire, with my assistance
Tweeddale, the present proprietor of and concurrence, cleared this country
the estate . The other families now of the last of them , about eight or
resident in this village ( as weshall af- nine years ago. They were thorough
terwards see) are of more recent intro- desperadoes , of the worst class of
duction . They seem to have gradually vagabonds. Those who now travel
retreated to this as their last strong through this country give offence
hold, on being successively extirpated chiefly by poaching and small thefts.
from their other haunts and fastnesses They are divided into clans, the prin
upon the borders. cipal names being Faa, Baillie, Young,
Wementioned in our last Number, Ruthven, and Gordon.
that Mr Hoyland , in the persecution “ All of them are perfectly ignor
of hismeritorious design for ameliorat- ant of religion, and few of their child
ing the condition of this unfortunate ren receiveany education . They marry
race, had addressed a circular to the and cohabit amongst each other, and
chiefprovincial magistrates, with a are held in a sort of horror by the
list of queries respecting their present common people.
state, & c. These, being transmitted
to the sheriffs of the different Scottish
“ Bailie is a magisterial designation in
counties, produced replies, several of Scotland , agreeing inrank with that of Al.
which MrHoyland has published. Of derman in England.”
1817.) Scottish Gypsies. 157

“ I do not conceive them to be the joined to the circular which you sent
proper Oriental Egyptian race, at least me, and then subjoin, in notes, some
they are much intermingled with our instances of their conduct in particu .
own national outlaws and vagabonds. lar cases, which may perhaps elucia
They are said to keep up a communi- date their general disposition and cha
cation with each other throughoutScot- racter .”
land , and to have some internal go- Query 1st. What number of gyp
vernment and regulation as to the sies are in the county ?
districts which each family travels. “ A. I know of none except the
“ I cannot help again referring to colony of Yetholm , and one family
Mr Smith of Kelso, a gentleman who who lately removed from that place to
can give the most accurate information Kelso. Yetholm consists of two towns,
respecting the habits of those itiner- or large villages, called Town - Yetholm
ants, as their winter- quarters of Ye- and Kirk- Yetholm . The first is on
tholm are upon an estate of which he the estate of Mr Wauchope of Nid
has long had the management." dry ; the latter on that of the Mar
In consequence of this reference, quis of Tweeddale. The number of
Mr Hoyland applied to Bailie Sinith, the gypsey colony at present in Kirk
and was furnished by that gentleman Yetholm amounts to at least 109 men,
with an interesting report, dated No- women , and children ; and perhaps
vember 1815 , from which he has given two or three may have escaped notice.
the following extracts : They marry early in life, in general
“ A considerable time having elap- have many children, and their num
sed since I had an opportunity or ber seemsto be increasing."
occasion to attend to the situation of Query 2d. In what do the men
the colony of gypsies in our neigh- and womenmostly employ themselves ?
bourhood , I wasobliged to delay my “ B. I have known the colony be
answer to your inquiries, until I could tween forty and fifty years. At my
obtain more information respecting first remembrance of them , theywere
their present numbers. called the Tinklers (Tinkers) of Ye
“ The great bar to the benevolent tholm , from the males being chiefly
intentionsof improving their situation then employed in mending pots and
will be, the impossibility to convince other culinary utensils, especially in
them that there either is, or can be, their peregrinations through the hilly
a mode of life preferable, or even and less populous parts of the country.
equal, to their own. “ Sometimes they were called Horn
“ Á strong spirit of independence, ers, from their occupation in making
or what they would distinguish by and selling horn spoons, called cutties.
the name of liberty, runs through the Now their common appellation is
whole tribe. It is no doubt a very li- Muggers, or, what pleases them bet
centious liberty, but entirely to their ter, Potters . They purchase, at a
taste. Some kind of honour, peculiar cheap rate, the cast or faulty articles
to themselves, seems to prevail in at the different manufactories ofearth
their community. They reckon it a enware, which they carry for sale all
disgrace to steal near their homes, or over the country ; consisting of groups
even at a distance, if detected . I of six , ten , and sometimestwelve or
must always except that petty theft fourteen persons, male and female,
of feedingtheir shelties and asses on young and old, provided with a horse
the farmer's grass and corn, which and cart to transport the pottery, be
they will do, whether at home or a- sides shelties and asses to carry the
broad . youngest of the children, and such
“ When avowedly trusted, even in baggage as they find necessary ,
money transactions, they never de " In the country, they sleep in
ceived me, nor forfeited their promise. barns and byres, or other out-houses ;
I am sorry to say, however, that when and when they cannot find that ac
checked in their licentious appropria- commodation, they take the canvas
tions, &c. they are much addicted both covering from the pottery cart, and
to threaten and to execute revenge. squat below it like a covey ofpartridges
“ Having so far premised with re in the snow.
spect to their generalconduct and cha- “ A few of the colony also employ
racter, I shall proceed to answer , as themselves occasionally in making be
far as I am able, the four queries sub- soms, foot- basses, &c. from heath ,
 158 Scottish Gypsies. [ May
broom , and bent, and sell them at public, to prevent the evil increasing,
Kelso , and the neighbouring towns. and never would consent to any of the
After all, their employment can be colony taking up their residence in
considered little better than an apology Town - Yetholm .
for idleness and vagrancy . “ They mostly remain at home
“ They are in general great adepts during winter ; but as soon as the
in hunting, shooting, and fishing ; in weather becomes tolerably mild in
which last they use the net and spear, spring, most of them , men , women ,
as well as the rod; and often supply and children, set out on their pere
themselves with a hearty meal by their grinations over the country, and live in
dexterity. They have no notion of a state ofvagrancy, until again driven
being limited in their field sports, into their habitations by the approach
either to time, place, or mode of de- of winter.
struction. “ Seeming to pride themselves as a
“ I do not see that the women are separate tribe, theyvery seldom inter
any otherwise employed, than attend- marry out of the colony ; and in rare
ing the young children, and assisting to instances where that happens, the
sell thepottery, when carried through gypsey, whether male or female, by
the country .” influence and example, always induces
“ Query 3d. Have they any settled the stranger husband or wife to adopt
abode in winter, and where ? the manners of the colony, so thatno
“ C. Their residence, with the ex- improvement is ever obtained in that
ception of a singlefamily, who some way. The progeny of such alliances
years ago came to Kelso, is at Kirk- have almost universally the tawny
Yetholm , and chiefly confined to one complexion and fine black eyes of the
row of houses, or street of that town, gypsey parent, whether father or mo
which goes by the name of Tinkler- ther.
Row. Most of them have leases of “ So strongly remarkable is the
their possessions, granted for a term of gypsey cast of countenance, that even
nineteen times nineteen years, for pay- a description of them to a stranger,
ment of a small sum yearly; some- who has had no opportunity of for
thing of the nature of a quit-rent. merly seeing them , will enable him to
There is no tradition in the neigh- know themwherever he meets with
bourhood concerning the time when them . Some individuals, but very
the gypsies first tookup their residence rarely, separate from the colony alto
at that place, nor whence they came. gether ; and when they do so early in
“ Most of their leases, I believe, life, and go to a distance, such as to
were granted by the family of the London, or even Edinburgh, their ac
Bennets of Grubet ; the last of whom quaintances in the country get favour.
was Sir David Bennet, who died about able accounts of them . Å few betake
sixty years ago. The late Mr Nisbet themselves to regular and constantem
of Dirleton then succeeded to the e- ployments at home, but soon tire, and
state, comprehending the baronies of return to their old way of life .
Kirk - Yetholm and Grubet. He died “ When any ofthem , especially a
about the year 1783 ; and not long leader or man of influence, dies, they
after, the property was acquired by the have full meetings, not only of the
late Lord Tweeddale's trustees. colony, but of the gypsies from a dis
“ During the latter part of the life tance ; and those meetings, or lyke
of the late Mr Nisbet, he was less wakes, are by no means conducted with
frequently at his estate in Roxburgh- sobriety or decency .”
shire than formerly. He was a great Query 4th. Are any of their
favourite of the gypsies, and was in children taught to read, and what pro
use to call them his body guards, and portion of them ? With any anecdotes
often gave them money,& c. respecting their customs and conduct.
“ On the other hand, both the late * D. Education being obtained at
and present Mr Wanchope were of a cheap rate, the gypsies in general
opinion, that the example of these give their male children as good a one
people had a bad effect upon the mo- as is bestowed on those of the labour
rals and industry of the neighbour- ing people and farm servants in the
hood ; and seeing no prospect of their neighbourhood; such as reading, writ
removal, and aslittle of their reforma- ing, and the first principles of arith
tion, considered it as a duty to the metic. They all apply to the clergy
1817.] Scottish Gypsies. 159
man of the parish for baptism to their found that the landlord was right :
children ; and a strong superstitious my master said with a smile, that it
notion universally prevails with them, was unnecessary to send to them, after
that it is unlucky to have an unchris- the previous notice from the baron
tened child long in the house. Only officer ; it was enough if I had received
a very few ever attend divine service, the money, if offered .-- Their rent and
and those as seldom as they can , just feu duty was brought to the office in
to prevent being refused as sponsors a few weeks. I need scarcely add,
at their children's baptism. thosepersons all belonged to the tribe.
“ They are, in general active and “ Another instance of their licen
lively, particularly when engaged in tious independent spirit occurs to me.
fieldsports, or in such temporary pur. The family of Niddry always gave a
suits as are agreeable to their habits decent annual remuneration to a baron
and dispositions ; but are destitute of bailie, for the purpose of keeping good
the perseverance necessary fora settled 'order withintheir barony of Town
occupation, or even for finishing what Yetholm . The person whom I re
a moderate degree of continued labour member first in possession of that
would enable them to accomplish in a office, was an old man called Doctor
few weeks.” Walker, from his being also the vila
lage surgeon ; and from him I had the
Notes by Mr Smith, intended to elue following anecdote :
cidate his Answers to the Queries A “ Between Yetholm and the border
and B, on their licentious liberty. farms in Northumberland , there were
formerly, as in most border situations,
“ I remember that about forty -five some uncultivated lands, called the
years ago, being then apprentice to a Plea Lands, or Debateuble Lands, the
writer, who wasin use toreceive the pasturage of which was generally eaten
rents as well as the small duties of up by the sorners and vagabonds on
Kirk - Yetholm , he sent me there with both sides of the marches .
a list of names and a statement of “ Many years ago, Lord Tankerville
what was due; recommending me to and someother of the English border
apply to the landlord of the public- ers made their request to Sir David
house, in the village, forany informa- Bennet, and the late Mr Wauchope of
tion or assistance which I might need. Niddry, that they would accompany
“ After waiting a long time, and them at a riding ofthe Plea Lands,
receiving payment from most of the who readily complied with their re
feuars, or rentallers, I observed to him , quest. They were induced to this, as
that none of the persons of the names they understood that the Gypsies had
of Faa, Young, Blythe, Bailley, &c. takenoffence, on the supposition that
who stood at the bottom of the list they might be circumscribed in the
for small sums, had come to meet me, pasture for their shelties and asses ,
according to the notice given by the which they had held a long time,
baron officer, and proposed sending to partly by stealth , and partly by vio
inform them that they were detaining lence.
me, and to request their immediate “ Both threats and entreaties were
attendance . employed to keep them away ; and at
“ The landlord , with a grave face, last Sir Davidobtained apromise from
inquired whether my master had de some of the heads of the gang, that
sired me to ask money from those none of them should show their faces
men. I said, not particularly ; but on the occasion .
they stood on the list. So I see ,' “ They however got upon the hills
said the landlord ; ' but had your at a little distance, whence they could
master been here himself, he had not see every thing that passed. At first
dared to ask money from then , either they were very quiet. But when they
as rent or feu duty .-- He knows that it saw the English Court Book spread
is as good as if it were in his pocket. out on acushion before the clerk, and
They will pay when their own time apparently taken in a line of direction
comes ; but do not like to pay at a set interfering with what they considered
time with the rest of the barony, and to be their privileged ground, it was
still less to be craved with great difficulty that the most mo
“ I accordingly returned without derate of them could restrain the rest
their money, and reported progress. I from running down and taking ven
160 Scottish Gypsies. [ May
geance, even in sight of their own lord seen Will Faa upon the bridge, ( the
of the manor . South Bridge was not then built); that
“ They only abstained for a short he was tossing about his old brown
time ; and no sooner had Sir David hat, and huzzaing with great vocifera
and the other gentlemen taken leave tion,that he had seen the laird before
of each other in the most polite and he died . Indeed Will himself had no
friendly manner, as border chiefs are time to lose ; for , having set his face
wont todo since border, feuds ceased, homewards by the way of the sea
and had departed to a sufficient dis- coast, to vary his route, asis the gen
tance, than the clan , armed with eral custom of the gang, he only got
bludgeons, pitchforks, and such other the length of Coldingham , when he
hostile weapons as they could find , was taken ill, and died .
rushed down in a body ; and before “ His death being notified to his
the chiefs on either side had reached friends at Yetholm , they and their ac
their home, there was neither English quaintance at Berwick -Spittal, Horn
tenant, horse, cow , nor sheep , left Cliff, & c. met to pay the last honours
upon the premises. to their old leader. His obsequies
“ Notes on Answers C and D. Pecu- were continued afterwards
and nights,and three successive days
repeated at
liar cast of gypsey, features, every- Yetholm , whither he was brought for
where distinguishable, & c. interment. I cannot say that the fu .
“ When first I knew any thing neral rites were celebrated with de
about the colony, old Will Faa was cency and sobriety, for that was by no
king or leader, and had held the sove- means the case . This happened in
reignty for many years. the year 1783 or 1784, and the late
Meeting at Kelso with Mr Walter Mr Nisbet did not long survive.”
Scott, whose discriminating habits and
just observation I had occasion to We have occupied so much of our
know from his youth,and at the same space with Mr Smith's interesting and
time seeing one of my Yetholm friends accurate details, that we can only find
in the horse market, I merely said to room at present for a limited portion
Mr Scott, “ Try to get before that of our remaining original materials.
man with the long drab coat, look at and must restrict ourselves to few
him on your return , and tell me additional traits. Of the kingly de
whether you ever saw him , and what meanour and personal achievements of
you think of him . ” He was so good old Will Faa, many curious particus
as to indulge me ; and rejoining me, lars are related . He never forgot his
said , without hesitation , “ I never high descent from the “ Lords of Little
saw the man that I know of; but he Egypt.' He also claimed kindred with
is one of the gypsies of Yetholm ,that theMessrs Falls of Dunbar, with whom
youtold me of several years ago." I he affected to maintain some sort of
need scarcely say that he was perfectly family intercourse ; and he is said to
correct. have paid them a regular visit once
The descendants of Faa now take & -year. On solemn occasions, he as
the name of Fall, from the Messrs sumed, in his way, all the stately de
Falls of Dunbar, who, they pride portment of sovereignty. He had
themselves in saying are of the same twenty - four children, and at each of
stock and lineage. When old Will their christenings he appeared dressed
Faa was upwards of eighty years of in his original wedding-robes. These
age, he called on me at Kelso, in his christenings were celebrated with no
way to Edinburgh, telling methat he small parade. Twelve young hand .
was going to see the laird, the late Mr maidens were always present as part
Nisbet of Dirleton, as he understood of the family retinue, and for the pur
that he was very unwell ; and himself pose of waitingon thenumerous guests
being now old, and not so stout as he who assembled to witness the cere
had been, he wished to see him once mony, or to partake of the subsequent
more before he died . festivities. Besides Will's gypsey as
“ The old man set out by the near- sociates, several of the neighbouring
est road , which was by no means his farmers and lairds, with whom he was
common practice. Next market -day, on terms offriendly intercourse (among
some of the farmers informed me that others, the Murrays of Cherrytrees ),
they had been in Edinburgh, and had used to attend these christenings. In
1817.) Scottish Gypsies. 161

virtue of his high magisterial office, two corners, " and a' that fu ' o' gowd
Will exercised the functions of country has nae done't.” -- Jean's “ apron -fu'o'
keeper ( as it was called ), or restorer of gowd,” may perhaps remind some of
stolen property ; which he was able our readers of Meg Merrilies' pock of
often to do, when it suited his own jewels-- and the whole transaction in
inclination or interest, very effectually, deed forcibly recalls the powerful pic
throughhis extensive influence among ture of thatstern and intrepid heroine.
the neighbouring tribes, and his abso
lute dominion over his own . Two curious documents, relating to
Upon the death of old Will, a sort the early history of the gypsies in
of civil war broke out among the Ye- Scotland, which we had overlooked in
tholm clans :-an usurper thrust him- our former researches, have been point
self into the office of the deceased, but ed out tous by a learned friend.-The
was dispossessed, after a battle, by the first is a letter from King James the
loyal subjects who adhered to the legi- Fourth to the King of Denmark, dated
timate heir. This bold rebel was the 1506, in favour of Anthony Gawino,
leader of an inferior tribe, and the im- Earl of Little Egypt, and his follow
mediate successor of another doughty ers ;--which servesto ascertain pretty
chief, usually known by the appropri- exactly what we formerly wanted
ate title of the Earl of Hell. He is the date of the first arrival of the race
alluded to at page 54, being the same in this country. His majesty specifies,
individual, who, on the occasion there thatthis miserable train had visited
mentioned, “ had rubbit shouthers wi' Scotland by command of the pope,
the gallows." being upon a pilgrimage ; that they
Among the many traditionary gyp- had conducted themselvesproperly,
sey anecdotes which we used formerly and now wished to go to Denmark :
to hear related, was the following very He therefore solicits the extension of
characteristic one of Jean Gordon. his royal uncle's munificence toward
We avoided mentioning it in a more them ; adding, at the same time, that
appropriate place last Number, having these wandering Egyptians must be
forgot some of the names which serve better known to him, because the
to authenticate it, and which we are kingdom of Denmark was nearer to
now enabled to supply through the Egypt !-- This epistle is mentioned in
kindness of a correspondent. It hap- a short but comprehensive account of
pened that Jean's husband, Geordie the gypsies, in the tenth volume of
Faa, was murdered at one of their the Edinburgh Encyclopædia.
clan-meetings by Rob Johnstone, ano- The other Article is an Act of the
ther gypsey, who stabbed him with a Lords of Council, dated at Stirling,
graip , a sort of large three -pronged June 6, 1541 , and refers to the dis
fork used about farm offices. John- pute, formerly mentioned , between
stone was instantly apprehended and Johnne Faw and his rebellious sub
committed to Jedhurgh jail ; out of jects, who it appears had now mutual
which , however, he soon contrived to ly agreed “ to passe hume, and to haue
break, and got clear off the country. the samyn decydit before the Duke of
But it was easier to escape from the Egipt." Itis evident, that both the
grasp of justice than to elude gypsey chieftain and his followers had greatly
vengeance : Jean Gordon traced the declined in credit with the Scottish
murderer like a blood-hound—follow- government since the preceding year :
ed him to Holland - and from thence --He is no longer complimented with
to Ireland, where she got him seized his high title ; the letters and privi
and brought back to Jedburgh ; and leges formerly granted had been re
she at length obtained a full reward voked ; and the Lords of Council pro
for her toils, by enjoying the gratifica- ceed forthwith ( for certain cogent
tion ofseeing him hanged on the Gal- reasons) to pass sentence of banish
low-hill. Some time afterward, Jean ment upon the whole race, at thirty
being up atSourhope, a sheep -farm on days warning, and under the pain of
Bowmont Water, the goodman there death .
said to her, “ Weel, Jean, ye hae got Copies of both these papers will be
Rob
o'theJohnstone
way."
hanged at last,and out found in our Antiquarian Repertory.
Aye, gudeman ! " re ( To be Continued.)
plied Jean, Jifting up her apron by the X
VOL. I.
162 Menorie of the Somervilles. [ May
SELECT EXTRACTS.

MEMORIE OF THE SOMERVILLES , part of ther father's estate, because he had

This book was published last year no male children
brother's of his
sone named oune bodie he
Patrick butdea
,whom
from the original MS. in the posses- signed to have marryed upon his eldest
sion of the present Lord Somerville. daughter, and given him the greatest part
It is the composition of his ancestor, of his lands eftir his death ; but the mis
James Somerville, who died in the carriage of his eldest daughter, which had
year 1690 ,–who is styled in the title- a tragicall end, frustrated all his hope and
page, James Eleventh Lord Somer- expectatione that way. For this young
ville, but who in reality never found lady, as she was beautifull, inclyneing to
it convenient, in the low state to which melanchollie, appeared to be very devote
the affairs of his family were then re in observeing strictly all rites and ceremo
nies of religion then in use, wherby it came
duced, to assumeany higher designa, to passe, frequenting much the abbacie of
tion than that of the “ Laird ofDrum .” Newbottle, she became acquainted with a
His father was an officer of consider . young monk of the Sistertian order, or the
able eminence in the Scottish army refyned Benedicts, belonging to that ab
during the civil wars, but the author bacie ; who having insinuated himself much
himself is of a different way of thinke in her favour under ane specious pretext of
ing, being indeed a great stickler for holyness, did often converse with this lady
the Divineright bothof kings and of inhermostprivate retirements, both in the
abbacie and at her father's house in Gill
bishops. He is, notwithstanding, a mertoune, without the least suspicione that
very worthy sort of person , and gives he intended any villanie ; but this rascal,
good advice to his children, for whose by his divellish rhetorick and allurements,
benefit only he professes towrite, in a soe far prevailled upon the simplicitie of
manner that does him much honour. this gentlewoman, that at lenth hedeboshed
The history of the Somerville fami- her ; and because he thought nether the
ly, during the first ages of its appear abbacie nor her father's house to be safe for
their intrigues of love, they agreed their
apce in; dates
curate Scotland, is extremely inac
and factsareoften jum- meeting should
beat alittle ferme belong
bled in a mostabsurd manner ;and ing to John Herring, called the Grange, a
quarter of a myle or therby from Gillmer
indeed nothing can be more uninter toune, near by the road that leads to New
esting than both the subject and the bottle. The mistress of this country -house
manner of this whole part of the work. beinga young and a lascivious widow, some
When , however, the author comes to tyme before hade been ensnared , and play
treat of events more near his own time, ed the wanton with his comerad ; this house
or when he favours us with the result was therfore thought the most convenient
of his own reflections upon any gene for them to meet at, which they often did ,
ral topic, there is commonly a consi- to the great
sione, scandal of ofthethe
and dishonour women profes
monkes' ,espe,
derableadmixture both of shrewdness cially ofthe young ladie,which occasioned
and naivete . Some of the anecdotes all ther ruines in the end. For, notwith
which he relates are, moreover, singu- standing of the secresie of this affair, and
larly picturesque, and for this reason circumspectione for appoynting fitt hours
we have thought fit to present our for their deeds of darkness, yet there was
readers with a few of the most inter- some suspicione from the too much familie
esting passages . aritie betwext Sir John's daughter and this
The first which we shall extract is woman soe far below her qualitie ; ther of
ten being together, and the frequentingof
thehistory ofa domestic tragedy,which her house, gaveoccasione ofscandal to all
occurred in the reign of King Robert which coming to Sir John's ears, being a;
II . and about the year 1371 . The forward and furious man , he threatened his
story is told with much feeling, and daughter with noe lesse than death, if ever
requires no commentary. it came to his knowledge that she went to
- Much about the beginning of this king's the Grange, or frequented that woman's
reigne, ther happened a sad accident in the companie eftirwards. This she promised
familie of Sir John Harring, laird of Ed. to her father to observe, but with noe in .
mondstcune in Clidesdale, and of Gillmer- tentione to keep the same ; for no sooner
toune in Mid Lothian. This gentleman was the darkness of the ensueing night
haveing two beautifull daughters, the eldest come, but at her accustomed hour she goes
named Margaret, and the youngest Geilles, out at the back entry that leads to the
both in expectatione to be sharers in a great Grange, where the two brothers in iniquitie
1817.] Memoirie of the Somervilles. 163
had aryved some tyme before, to whom , postscript ofthe letter, he reads Speares and
eftir ther dalliance, she imparts her father's Jacks instead of Speatesand Raxes : where
suspitione and terrible threatenings against upon my lady, all amazed , without consi
her, which these gallants litle regarded, dering her husband's ordinary forme of
protesting that they would makeher father wrytting , falles a -weeping, supposeing her
doe penance for that very suspitione, little lord had fallen at variance with some about
dreameing that they themselves was soe the court, the king beginning aboutthis
neer destructione, for that very night all of tymeto discountenance his ancient nobilitie,
them was brought to their end by a cruell and they again to withdraw both their affec
revenge ; for Sir John , missing his daugh- tiones and due alledgeance from him . Efter
ter out of her chamber, concluded where the reading of the letter, James Inglis of
she was, and went presently to the place Eistscheillwas presently sent for, and com
with two of his domesticks, where finding mandement given to him and the officers,
the doors of the houseshut, and noe answear that all the vassalles, with the able tennents
made to hisdemands, nor the doors opened that wer within the two barronies of Carn
notwithstanding of his threatenings, in a wath , Cambusnethen , and baillzierie of
rage he sets fyre to the thatch with a ( torch ] Carstairs, should be ready with their horse
his servant caryed, which immediately ( the and armes to wait upon William Cleilland
wind being somewhat high) set the wholl of thatilk be eight in the morning the en
onsteed in a fyre, and burned it downe to suing day, and that in order to ther going
the ground.* Ther perished in the Aame for Edinburgh . This command being punc
andruines above eight or ninepersons ; for tually observed by the vassalles and the
which cruell act, as it was highly aggravat substantiall tennents that wer in use, and
ed in all the horrible circumstances by the obleidged to ryde, by ther holdings and
churchmen then in being, this poor gentle- tackes, upon such occasions, they conveened
man was forced to flee the country for a to the number of two hundred, with the
tyine, his estate being forefaulted by the laird of Cleilland, and William Chancellor
king.” of Quathquan, with the Baillzie upon ther
The next extract relates to the visit heads.* By eleven. a clock they were ad
paid by King James III. to the Lord vanced in ther journey for Edinburgh to
Somerville , at his castleofCowthally, the sideof thathillthatis somewhat bewest
near Carnwath, in the month of July fasted bynyne in the morning , had taken
1474 .
horse, and was come the lenth of that little
“ At which tyme the king, being dis- watter a myle on this syde of the Corsett
posed to take his pleasure atthe poutting in hill, bussie, even then, at his sport upon
Calder and Carnwath Muires ,heacquaintes the rode, when the first of all the little
the Lord Somervill with his resolutione, company that was with him observed the
who, by accident, was then at court ; his advance of a troope of men, with ther
majestie being pleased withall to shew him lances, within a myle of him , or thereby.
he was resolved for some dayes to be his Whereupon, all astonished, hecalles hastily
guest. Wherupon the Lord Somervill im- for the Lord Somervill, who, being at some
mediately despatches ane expresse to Cow. distance, came upon the spurre. The king
thally (who knew nothing of the king's being of ane hastie nature, in great fury
journey), with a letter to his lady, Dame demanded what the matter meaned, and if
Maria Baillzie, wherein, according to his he had a mynde to betray him, and seize
ordinary custome when any persones of upon his person the second tyme by ane
qualitie wer to be with him, he used to other treacherous hunting : and withall
wryte in the postscript of his letters, Speates
swearing his head should pay for it, if he
and Raxes ; and in this letter he had re- himself escaped the hands of these traitors,
doubled the same words, because of the ex- who could be noe other but his vassalles
traordinary occasione and worthyness of his and followers, broughttogither off purpose
guest. This letter being delyvered, and the for someill designe. The Lord Somervill,
messenger withall telling his lord was very without making any reply, immediately
pressing, that it might be speedily and se- castes himself from his horse to the ground,
curely put in her ladyship's hands,-where- and falles upon his knees, protesting, with
upon she hastily breakes itup, commanding many solemn oaths, that he understood not
the stewart to read the same, because she what the matter meaned , nor what the
could read non herself. This gentleman company was, nor the cause of ther being
being but lately entered to his service, and in yonder ploce ; therefore he humblie
unacquainted with his lord's hand and cus- begged of his majestie that he would allow
tome of wrytting, when he comes to the him to goe see what they wer, friends or
foes ; and, for securitie, he had with him
* Gilmerton Grange, where this tragedy his eldest sone and heir, William , barrone
was acted , is near the village of Gilmerton, of Carnwath : iff all was not weill, and his
about four miles from Edinburgh. It is majestie safe from all hazard, he desyred
till called by the old people Burntdole, that his son's head may be strucken off
rom that singular and melancholy event,
fwhich is wellremembered in the vicinage. * i. e, at their head .
164 Memorie ofthe Somervilles. [ May
upon the place. This the king acceptes, discoursed of then , as it is to this day a
and commands him to ryde up and discover mongst persons of qualitie; for of late the
what they wer , and the intent of ther being Duke of Lauderdale, when he was com
ther ; and, according as he found occasione, missioner, at a full table of thegreatest part
to returne or give a signe for his retireing . of the nobilitie in Scotland, then dyneing
In the meantyme, his majestie, with his with him, related the wholl story almost in
traine, being about twentieth horse, placed the same termes that I have set it doune.
themselves upon the hight of the muir, to The king being come to Cowthally, he had
marke the Lord Somervill's goeing, and the his entertainement great, and his welcome
carriage of the horsemen they beheld, who heartie, albeit my Lady Somervill was some
now made ane halt, when they first ob- what out of countenance, all the discourse
served the king's company, not knowing being anent the Speares and Jackes, which
what they wer ; but seeing them draw to- the king could not forget, thinking it both
gither, they apprehended they wer noe a good sport and ane easy mistake, because
friends ; thairfore they resolved to advance of the neer spelling and sounding of the
noe further, seeing a horseman comeing up words ; and withall , his majestie was please
to them with all the speed he could make, ed highly to commend the Lady Somer
until they knew for what intent he came. vill's love and respect to her husband, in
The Lord Somervill was yet at some dis- being so active and diligent to conveen
tance, when he was presently knoune by soe quickly her husband's friends and fol.
severall of the company to be ther lord and lowers, in case ther had been any necessitie
master ;whereupon the laird of Cleilland, for them , telling my lady that he hoped
and William Chancellor of Quathquan, she would use the same care and diligence
galloped out to meet him . He was not a to conveen her lord's followers when he
litle surprized when he saw them , and de. should call him and them to his service.”
manded the occasione that had brought In the next passage we have a cu
them togither
Towhich theyin answeared
that posture
, Itand number. rious view ofthe interior of the same
wasbyhis
lordship’s directione and his laddye's com baronial residence during a visit of
mand :that they wer comeing to Edinburgh James V.
to waitt upon him , fearing he had fallen at “ The divertisement his majestie had
variance and feed with some one or other without doores was halking ; being now in
about the court. He desyred to see the the midle of Jully, the poutes wer for flight
letter. They told him the Baillzie had it. whereof they killed many : these fields, not
By this time they wer joined to the com- being sve much laboured then as now, yield
pany, where, calling for the letter, he made ed great store, which was the cause the king
the same to be read , where ther was no resorted thither afterward when he mynded
such directione nor orders given as they his sport ; but the recreatione he received
pretended. He enquired who read the in the fields gave him nosuch content aswhat
letter to his lady ; they answered , his new he had within doores with the ladyes , who,
stewart ; who being present, was commanded seeing the young king amorously inclyned ,
to read it again , which he did ; and come. allowed him all the liberty that in honour
ing to the postcript, reads Spears and he could requyre, or ther modesty permitt.
Jacks, instead of Speates and Raxes ; and “ Amongst all the ladyes that was there,
herein lay the mistake, that the Lord So- he fancyed non soe much as Katherine Car
mervill knew not whether to laugh or be michaell, the captain of Craufuird's daugh .
angry at the fellow . But mynding the fear ter, a young lady much about sexteinth
he left the king in, and whatapprehensiones years of age, admired forher beautie, hand
and jealousies his majestie might intertaine somenes of persone, and vivacity of spirit,
upon his long communing with them, he whereby she attracted all eyes that beheld
commanded that they should depart every her, but soe strongly the king's, that most
man to their respective dwellings : and he of his discourse was with her, and he took
himself, with the laird of Cleilland and it ill when he was interrupted, soe that all
severall other gentlemen returned to the the ladyes and noblemen that was present
king, who remained still upon the same took notice thereof, and gave way to his
place where he had parted from him ; unto majestie's courting. I know ther was some
whom being come he relates the wholl story, malitious tongues then , as there is not a
whereat the king laughed heartily, calles few to this day, affirmes that it was at this
for a sight of the letter, and reades it him.tyme,and in Cowthally-house, that the king
self, swearing it was noe great mistake, for first procured this ladye's private favoures;
he might have been guiltie of that error but, by ther leave, it is a great mistake, and
himself. His majestie having given back a most malitious calumnie ; for, albeit it
the letter, it went from hand to hand a- be true it was at this wedding he first
mongst these few courtiers that was there, saw this young lady, and did affect her ex.
as they proceeded on their journey, the let- tremely, beginning then his intrigues of
ter itself containing noe matter of any con- love, yet had he noe opportunity allowed
sequence but a naked compliment theLord him to obtaine that which he aftirward re .
Somervill had written to his lady. This is ceaved att the castle of Crawfuird, her fa
that story of the Speates and Raxes so much ther's house. The Lady Somervill being
1817. ] Memorie of the Somervilles. 165
both virtuous and wise, observingtheking's a table, and had soe provident a lady, that
passione, commanded two of Cambusne- upon all occasiones gave evidence of an ex
than's daughters, and as many of her oune, cellent house -wife. The Lord Somervill
being then girles about eleven years of age, told the king , he was only sorry he had not
in whom the king took likewayesdelight to advertisement of his majesties comeing,
discourse with , never to leave the roume, that himself and his friends might have
unless Mistress Katherine Carmichaell came waited upon him ; but he was soon made
with them , the which they particularly ob- to understand the king's comeing incognito ,
served. But to put this beyond all cavill, and would admitt of noe more company
this same lady being efterward marryed up- save himself and other two besyde these that
on young Cambusnethen , acknowledged came with him . By his , and some other
her mother-in -law , that it was neer a year circumstances, he guessed some part of the
efter she saw the king att Cowthally before king'searand, who, dureing supper, asked
his majestie obtained any favour from her, severall questions at the Lord Somervill
but what in civillitie she might have given (standing behind his chair) anent the Cap
to any persone of honour ; and doubtlesse, taine of Crawfuird ,his qualitie, condition,
if it had beenotherways, the Lady Cambus-
and what he might have in estate, and by
nethen would have divulged quickly the his office. Wherein being resolved soe far
same to the prejudice of my Lord Somer-as my lord knew , the king took occasione
ville's familie, to which she had no great
first to regrate the meannesse of his fortune,
and the smallnesse of his sallary ; and efter
lykeing, notwithstanding of their late sub-
missione to the king, and the civilitie they
some spaces , began to praise his daughter's
paid to each other, because of ther neer re-
breeding and beautie with some transport,
latione. lenth insinuate as much by his discourse
“ This marriage being over, the king that he would see to the bettering of the fa
went for Stirling, being waited upon by the ther's estate and advancement of the daugh
Lord Somerville there somefew dayes ; and ter. Eftir supper the king held a long dis
now being to retourne to his oune house, course with the Lady Somervill in hisoune
he comes to kisse his majestie's hand. The bed -chamber, which was named efter him
king told him , with a kynde and pleasant so long as the house remained in its in
countenance , the great intertainement and tegrity .What the import of ther discourse
fair company he left att Cowthally made was these that wer present did but guesse ,
him resolve ere long for another visit, hope- for they stood at some distance ; however,
ing he should be wellcome. Haveing it appeared that the king was very pressing
said this, and raiseing him from his knee, to obtainesomepromise of her, which, with
the Lord Somervill replyed , what he had at much civilite , she begged his majestie par .
present was by his majesties favour, and done ; and at length somewhatloud , of
the bounty of his royall predecessors, con- purpose to be heard, and to be free from
ferred upon him, and his forebearers, of the king's importunity, spoke thus, “ Sir ,
which he was ever myndefull, and therfore her father's house is much fitter , where your
was obleidged , as a duetifull subject, to ate majestie may expect kynde wellcome, being
tend his majesties pleasure in all things, proprietar of the same, in honouring that
haveing been soe highly honoured by his familie with your royall presence . Upon
royall presence at his daughter's marriage, which the king called the Lady Carmichaell
that was beyond all expressione of thankes that was next to them , and said , “ Your
Upon this he retired , haveing receaved the neighbour here, the Lady Somervill, is the
particular thankes of all thesenoblemen and most courteous, or rather most scrupulous,
gentlemen that attended the king during persone under heaven for another concerne ;
his residence att Cowthally. Being return- but I will have my revenge in being often
ed , he lived at home untill the latter end of her guest, to eat up all the beef and pud
September. Upon Saturnes day, at night, ding too of this country).'.
the king lighted att his house with Robert “ Airly upon the Sabbath the king caus
Bartone, who was in speciall favour with ed the Lord Somervill send a horseman to
him , and efterwards made thesaurer ; James Craufuird castle, to advertise the captaine
Hamilton of Finhard, who likewayes be- he would be there against night ; and with
fore his death was thesaurer, and lykewayes all, forbade to make any great provisione,
master of the king's works ; Oliver Sin seing his traine would not exceed a duzone.
clair, a brother of the house of Rosseline;
0
This advertisement was soe unexpected and
Sir David Lindsay of the Mount ; * short, that the captaine knew notwhat to
* and John Tennant, ( efterward Laird think of it ; however, he caused putt all
of Cairness) a domestick and wairdropper to things in the best order that might be, and
the king, who personated (four years after prepared for the king's coming. But ther
this) his majestie, as he travelled incog- was non soe much surprized with the news
nito through France in suite of his queen . as the young lady, the captaine's daughter,
These, with other seven , wer only his ma- who, suspecting the king's earrand from
jesties retinue when he came to Cowthally. what she had met with from him at the
This surprizeall might have startled any marriage in Cowthally, she could have wish
other albeit good housekeepers, but was alled herself notonly out of her father's house
one to this lord, that keeped soe plentifull but out of the world. Soe much terrour
 166 Memorie of the Somervilles. [May
and affrightment didseize upon her persone, or if you doe, you must not divulge it, un
that she knew not what to resolve on . Some lesse you be desperately resolved to forfault
tymes she thought it fitt to acquaint her fa- both your life and fortune to the fury of
ther and mother with her feares ; and then ther amoures. Besydes these inducements,
againe, withoutacquainting them with her and her father's interest, she might have
thoughts, to slip doune to Lamingtoune. before her eyes the example of Elizabeth
house, or the toune of Douglasse. But as Moore, Rowallane's daughter, who bare to
11 modesty tyed up her tonguefrom the first, King Robert the Second three sones, long
soe the shortness of tyme, and (the want of ) before her marriage ; and at lenth, not
ane handsome pretext, hindered the later, withstanding of the king's haveing two sons
foritwasnot possibleto have keeped the in marriagebytheEarle of Rosse'sdaughter,
knowledge of her removeall that day from she dying, and herself taken to be his queen ,
the king, which might have incensed him her sones was reputed and declared righteous
exceedingly against her father, the greatest successores to the crowne , and that by con
part of whose fortune was mostly at that sent of Parliament.
tyme at the king's disposeing, as heretable “ These reasones, with the splendent as
keeperof the castle of Craufuird. Thus, pect of royall majestie, backed with a sove
unresolved what to doe, or how to carry to- raigne power, might prevaill much upon this
wards the king, great trouble of spirit, innocent lady, and inclyne her to a com
poorlady, she remained in acarelesse dresse plyance ,as not weill knowing how to refuise
untill his majestie's arryveall. the kynde offeres of soe obleidgeing a prince,
“ The king, haveing breakfasted and the effects whereof, in four yeares tyme,
heard messe att the colledge church of Carn . made her mother of two boyes and ane
wath , made foirward on his journey to the daughter to the king. "
castle of Craufuird , being accompanyed with
non but the Lord Somervill, and these few The reader will observe in what a
he brought from Edinburgh with him . He style of courtly submission the author
was mett by the captaine of Craufuird with talks of the insult offered by the royal
some horsemen , some few myles on this
side of the castle,withwhom he discoursed visitor, both to ,his
Lady Somerville andown ancestor
to the the
Captainof
familiarly untillther arryvealat the house, Crawfurd's family. In several posterior
where his majestie was receaved at the
by the lady and two of her daughters. What passages we find hints of the manner
entertainement his majestie receaved from in which he regarded this sort of royal
the captaine and his lady, and kyndenesse condescension . The ladies so honour
from ther beautifull daughter upon his ed seem to be not a whit more conta
amorouse addresse to her, is noe part of that minated by it his eyes, than they
which I have in hand ; yet I am apt to be- were in those of his kinsman , the Laird
lieve, from severall circumstances and papers oï Cambusnethan , who married suc
that I have seen , that this interview pro cessively two concubines of James V.
ceeded noe farther than to useher the way, These ladies, according to onepassage,
and giveopportunitietothese morepartie «very much illustrate the family
cular and privat favoures his majestie re
ceaved eftirward from this lady in the same and in another we are told , that their
house. Whatever wer the intysing motives husband “ was a plain country gen
that prevailled over her vertue, andbrought tleman, and an excellent housekeeper,
her to the king's embracement , was best happy in both his marriages for beau
knoune to herself; andalthough noe act of tiffull and vertuous ladies. Vol. 2.
this nature be warrantable before God, yet p . 19 . A second long digression is
much may be
and justifie herto thetake
said to off.It
world was her,
the reproach made in another place , in vindication
king, not a subject, that made love to her ;of the character of one of them , and
a gallantyoung prince, for personeand parts the noble author concludes in these
the world then had not the better, laying words “ Thus far have I digressed
asyde his dignitie and that supreme orbe in vindication of this excellent lady,
wherein he moved . One of meaner degree, that it may appear it was neither her
with half of these qualifications wherewith choyse, nor any vitious habit that pre
this royall king was indued, might have vailled over her chastity, but ane ine
prevailed
tiones of a much
tenderupon the budding affec
virgin,unacquainted with viteable fate that the strongest resist
the blandishments of great ones and the en ance could scarcely withstand ." - Vol.
tertainements of a royal court, whereinto 1. p. 388 - anticipating, as the Editor
your court ladyes are soe accustomed to ad- has already observed, the indulgent
dresses of persones of eminency , that they maxim of Prior,
can putt off or conferre ther private favores
as ther interest or inclinatione leades them ; “ That when weak women go astray
and yet if they trip, you shall not knowe it, Their stars are more in fault than they."
 1817.] Letter from James IV . & c .--- Act respecting John Faw , & c. 167

ANTIQUARIAN REPERTORY.

LETTER FROM JAMES IV . TO THE to the provestis and ballies of Edin

KING OF DENMARK , burgh ,Sanct Johnstoun, Dundee,Mon
Infavour of Anthony Gawino , Earl of ross, Aberdene, Sactandrois , Elgin,
Little Egypt, fc. 1506. Inuerness And
Forress, and ; theto
Schirefis of Edinburgh , Fif, Perth ,
( Referred to at page 161. ) Forfair, Kincardin , Aberdene, Elgyn
IllustrISSIME, &c. Anthonius Ga- and Foress, Banff, Crummarty, Inuer
wino, ex Parva Egypto comes, et cæ- ness, And all vtheris schirefis, stew
tera ejus comitatus, gens afflicta et artis, provestis, and ballies, quhair it
miseranda, dum Christianam orbem happinnis the saidis Egiptianis to re
peregrinationes studio, Apostolicæ Se- sort ; To command and charge thame,
dis ( ut refert) jussu, suorum more be oppin proclamatioun at the mercat
peregrinans, fines nostri regni dudum croces of the heid burgh of the schiref
advenerat, atque in sortis suæ, et mi- . domes, to depart furth of this realme,
seriarum hujus populi, refugium, nos with their wifis, barnis, and com
pro humanitate imploraverat ut nos- panies, within xxx dayis efter thai be
tros limites sibi impune adire, res chargit therto , vnder the pane of deid ;
cunctas, et quam habet societatem Notwithstanding ony vtheris letters,
libere circumagere liceret. Impetrat or privelegis, granted to thame be the
facile quæ postulat miserorum homi- Kingis Grace ; Becaus his Grace, with
num dura fortuna. Ita aliquot menses avise of the lordis, hes dischargit the
bene et catholice , (sic accepimus,) hic samyn for the causis forsaidis; with
versatus, ad te, Rex et Avuncule, in certificatioun and thai be fundin in this
Daciam transitum paret. Sed oceanum realme, the saidis xxx dayisbeing past,
transmissurus nostras literas exoravit, thai salbe tane and put to deid .
quibus celsitudinem tuam horum cer- ( MS. Act. Dom . Con. vol. 15. fol. 155.)
tiorum redderemus, simul et calami.
tatem ejus gentis Regiæ tuæ munifi CONFESSIONS OF WITCHCRAFT .
centiæ commendaremus. Ceterum er
rabundæ Egypti fata, moresque, et [ The following extracts form part of a
genus, eo tibi quam nobis credimus series of depositions made before the Kirk
notiora, quo Egyptus tuo regno vici- Session of Perth, 1623, and are copied from
nior, et major hujusmodi hominum the original MS. signed , as below , by the
Session and
clerks ofinteresting
frequentia tuo diversatur imperio. Il. chiefly Presbytery . They are
lustrissime, &c. on account of the allu .
Ms. Reg . 13. B. II.) sions they contain to several curious popular
charms and superstitions. We have now
before us a number of other original papers
ACT OF THE LORDS OF COUNCIL, relating to the history of witchcraft , from
which , perhaps, we may hereafter give some
Respecting John Faw , 8c. Jun. 6, 1541 . extractsof a more strange and striking de
(Referred to at page 161.) scription , if we find that these can be sepa
rated from the profane and revolting details
The quhilk day anentis the com- of which they contain more thanenough
plaintis gevin in be Jhone Faw and to shock even such readers as have the most
his brether, and Sebastiane Lowlaw, voracious appetite for the horrible.]
Egiptianis, to the Kingis Grace, ilkane
pleinzeand vpoun vther of diverse faltis Deposit iounes of Isso!! Haldane suspect
and Iniuris ; And that It is aggreit of Wychcraft, confessit be her the 10
amang thame to passe hame, and to haue of Maij 1623, as follows
*
the samyn decydit before the Duke of *

Egipt. The Lordis ofCounsale being Item - Being askit if scho hed onye
avisit with the pointis of the saidis conversatione with the Farye Folk- ,
complaintis, and vnderstanding perfit- Answerit, that ten yeiris syne, lying
lie the gret thiftis and scathis done be in her bed, scho wes taikin furth ,
the saidis Egiptianis vpoun our sov- quhidder be God or the Deuill scho
erane Lordis lieges, quhairuer thae cum knawis no!; wes caryit to ane hill
or resortis ; Ordanis letters to be direct side ; the hill opynit, and scho en
168 Confessions of Witchcraft. [May
terit in ; thair scho stayit thrie dayis, for yeir and day : And as scho thret
viz. fra thurisday till sonday at xij tinit sa it cam to pas; he dwynit
houris. Scho mett a man with ane hauelie diseiseit.-- The said Issobell
grey beird, quha brocht her furth a- confessis theaway taking ofthe bere,
gane. the diseise of the man ; and affirmeis
ItemThat same day John Roch that onlye scho said - He that delyu
deponit that about thatsame tyme he erit me from the farye folk sall tak a
beand in James Chrystie the wrichtis mendis on thé.
buith , caussing the wricht mak ane Item - The same day scho confest
cradill to him , becaus his wyff wes scho maid thrie seuerall kaikis, euerie
neir the down lying, the said Issobell ane of them of ix curneis of meill got
Haldane com by, desyreit him not to ten fra ix wemen that wer maryit
be sae hastie, for he neidit no! ; his madynis ; maid ane hoill in the crown
wyff sould nocht be lichter till that of euerie ane of theme, and pat ane
tyme fyve-oulkis, and then the bairne bairne throw it thrie tymes in the
* *
suld neuer ly in the craidill, bot be name of +
borne, bapteisit, and neuer sook, bot to wemen that pat the saidis bairneis
die and be tayne away : And as the thryse throw backwand wseing the
said Issobell spak sa it cam to pass in saidis wordis.
euerie poynt.-The said Issobell be- Item -- The said Issobell confest that
ing demandit how scho knew that, scho went silent to the well of Ruth
answerit that the man with the grey uen and returneit silent, bringing wat
beird tauld her. ter from thence to wasch John Gowis
Item— The said Johne Roch deponit bairne : quhen scho tuik the watter
that Mart Buchannane, spous to Dau-' frome the well scho left ane pairt of
id Reid, being inhelth ather ordinare the bairneis sark at it, qlk scho tuik
wark , the said Isso !! Haldane come with hir for that effect , and quhen
to hir and desyreit hir mak hir for scho cam ham scho wousch the bairne
deith , for befoir Fastingis evin , q! thairwith . Inlyk maner scho confest
wes within few dayis, scho suld be scho hed done the elyk to Johne Pow
taikin away : And as scho said , so it ryis bairne.
wes befoirthat terme the woman died. (May 27.)-The said Isso !! confessit
-Being askit how scho knew the that scho hed gewin drinkis to cure
terme of hir lyfe, the said Iso !! an- bairneis ; amangis the rest that Dauid
swerit scho hed speirit it at y ? same Moreis' wyff com to hir , and thryse
manwith the grey beird, and he hed for Goddis saik askit help to hir bairne
tauld her . thet wes ane scharge ; and scho send
(May 16 .)- Patrick Ruthuen ,skyn- furth hir sone to gather sochsterrie
ner inhePerth, compeirit and declairit, leaveis, quhairof scho directit the
that being wychit be Margaret bairneis mother to mak ane drink :
Hormscleuch , Issobell Haldane com Bot the bairneis mother deponit that
to see him : scho com in to the bed the said Isso!!. Haldane, on being re
and streichit hir self abone him, hir. quirit cam to hir house, and saw the
heid to his heid , hir handis ower him, bairne, said it wes an scharge taikin
and so furth , mumbling some wordis, away, Tuik on hand to cure it, and
he knew nocht quhat they war. - The to that effect gaiff the bairne a drink,
said Issobell confessit the said cure, efterthe ressait q' of the bairne short
and deponit, that before the said Pa- lie died.
trick wes wychit scho met him, and WILLIAME YOUNG, Scribe to the
foirbad him to go till scho had gone Presbytrie of Pearth, at com
with him .
mand of the samyn , wt my hand .
(May 19 .) - Compearit Stephen Ray
in Muretoun , and deponit that thrie JAMES DavidSONE , Notarie pub
yeiris syne that Isso !!. Haldane hauing lic, and Clerk to the Sessioune
stollin sum bere furth of the Hall of of Perth, at their command and
Balhouffye he followit hir and brocht directioun , with my hand .
hir bak agane: Scho chaipit him on the
schulder, saying - Go thy way, thow + Scil. in nomine Dei Patris et Filii
sall not win thy selfane bannok ofbreid et Spiritus Sancti.
6

7
1817. ) Original Poetry. 169

ORIGINAL POETRY.

A LAST ADIEU. And there, from the rue and the rose's per
ADIEU, my loved parent, the trial is o'er, fume,
The veil o'er thy couch of forgetfulness Hisdew -web ofdawnshallthegossamerwon ;
spread ; And there shall the daisy and violet bloom ,
Thy kind heart shall grieve for my follies And I'llwater them allwith the tears ofa
son .
no more ,
Nor the suppliant tear for thy wanderer " be Adieu ,my loved parent ! the trial is past
shed . Again thy loved bosom my dwellingmaybe ;
Long over thy head has the tempest blown And long as the name of thy darling shall
last,
fell, All due be the song and the honour to thee !
But riches,unknown, were unvalued by thee ; H.
In the wild wast thou born , in the wild didst
thou dwell, THE PAST.
The pupil of Nature, benevolent and free : How wild and dim this Life appears !
And never , in all her uncultured domain , One long, deep , heavy sigh !
Was nourished a spirit moregenialand kind; When o'er oureyes, half -clos’d in tears,
Chill poverty could not thy ardour restrain, The images of former years
Nor cloud thy gay smile, or the glow of thy Are faintly glimmering by !
mind . And still forgotten while they go,
When winter -wreaths lay round our cottage As on the
Dissolve wave on wave
-beach snow
s atseaoncein .
so small,
Upon the blue and silent sky
When fancy was ardent, and feeling was The amber clouds one moment lie,
strong,
OhowI would long for the gloaming to fall, And like a dream are gone !
To sit by thy knee and attend to thy song ! Though beautiful the moon -beams play
On the lake's bosom , bright as they ,
The song of the field where thewarriorbled ; And the soul intensely loves their stay,
The garland of blossom dishonoured too Soon as the radiance melts away
soon ;
We scarce believe it shone !
The elves of the green -wood , the ghosts of Heaven -airs amid the harp -strings dwell,
the dead ,
And we wish they ne'er may fade
And fairies that journeyed by light of the They cease ! and the soulis a silent cell,
moon . Where music never played .
Iloved thee, my parent - my highest desire Dreamnight-hours,
follows dream through the long
Was 'neath independence to shield thy gray
head ; Each lovelier than the last
But fortune denied it - extinguished the But ere the breath of morning-flowers,
fire That gorgeous world Aįes past.
And , now thou art gone, my ambition is fled . And manya sweet angelic cheek ,
Whose smiles of love and kindness speak ,
I loved thee !—and now thou art laid in thy Glides by us on this earth
grave , While in a day we cannot tell
Thy memory
mine
I'll cherish , while memory is Where shone the face we loved so well
; In sadness or in mirth . N.
And the boon that my tongue aye from
Heaven shall crave, THE MOSSY SEAT.
Shall be the last blessing that hung upon The landscape hath notlost its look ;
thine. Still rushes on the sparkling river ;
Nor hath the gloominess forsook
Though over thy ashes no tombstone is seen , These granite crags that frown for ever ,
The place shall be hallowed when ages are Still hangs around the shadowy wood,
past ; sounds but murmur solitude :
No monument tells, ’mid the wilderness Whose
The raven's plaint, the linnet's song,
green , The stock -dove's coo, in grief repining,
Where the midstreless lies of the Border the
last. In mingled echoes steal along :
The setting sun is brightly shining ;
But overthat grave will the lover of song , And clouds above, and hills below ,
And the lover of goodness, stand silent and Are brightening with his golden glow.
sigh ; It is not meet - it is not fit
And the fays of the wild will thy requiem Though Fortune all ourhopes hath thwarted ,
prolong, While on the very stone I sit
And shed on thy coverlet dews of the sky : Where first we met, andlast we parted,
Vol. I. Y
170 Original Poetry.
That absent from my mind should be
The thought that loves and looks to thee !
Each happy hour that we have proved ,
While love's delicious converse blended ,
As 'neath the twilight star we roved ,
Unconscious where our progress tended
Still brings my mind a soft relief,
And bids it love the joys of grief !
What soothing recollections throng,
Presenting many a mournful token ,
That heart's rememabrance to prolong,
Whichthen was blest, and now is broken !
I cannot oh !!hast thou forgot
Ourearly loves thishallowed spot !
I almost think I see thee stand ;
I almost dream I hear thee speaking ;
Ifeelthe pressure of thyhand ;
Thy living glance in fondness seeking
Here all apart by all unseen
Thy form upon my arm to lean !
Tho ' beauty bless the landscape still,
Tho' woods surround, and waters lave it,
My heart feels not the vivid thrill,
Which long ago thy presence gave it ;
Mirth , music, friendship , have no tone
Like that, which with thy voice hath flown ! And thelight curling waves in sweet cadence
And Memory only now remains,
Towhisperthings that once delighted :
Still still I love to tread these plains,
To seek this sacred hauntbenighted,
And feel a something, sadly sweet,
In resting on this mossy seat.
1.
POUR thy tears wild and free,
Balm best and holiest ;
Fallen is the lofty tree ,
Low as the lowliest !
Rentis the eaglet's plume,
Towering victorious ;
Read on the hero's tomb
The end of the glorious.
2.
Lean on that shivered spear,
It threatens nolonger ;
Snapt likeits high compeer,
The willow isstronger.
See on its dinted edge
The last day -beam flashes,
If thine be the soul to stand
And number its gashes.
3.
Press not that hallowed mould ,
In darkness enshrouded ,
Ashes, yet scarcely cold ,
Beneath it are crowded :
Thy feet o'er some noble heart
May stumble unheeding ;
O'er thy familiar friend
Perchance may be treading.
4.
Oh ! ye were scattered fast,
Sons of the morning !
Triumph, but seen and past,
Your proud brows adorning,
After such mortal toil
To slumber so soundly ,
Can aught to the heart of man
Speak so profoundly ?
June, 1815. B.
[ May
A NIGHT SCENE.
Now flaming no more on the soft-heaving
main ,
The sun's parting splendour is shed ;
Night's dark -rolling shades have enveloped
the plain ,
And the twilight's faint visions have fled.
No longer in Day's gaudy colouring glows
The landscape, in Nature's diversity gay :
The loud -lowing herds are now lulledto re
pose ,
And hushed are the sounds from the hamlet
that rose ,
And the music that flowedfrom the spray.
How solemn the Hour ! In their splendid
career
The planets revolving are seen ;
And the proud towering hills 'neath their
glimmering appear
As the shadows ofthings that have been .
Dread Silence, her empire o'er Nature to
prove ,
Forbids that a whisper be heard in the vale,
Save the breeze breathing soft through the
far-stretching grove,
that move
Where the lake's gently kissed by the gale.
From behind yon dark hill, in deep sable
arrayed ,
The moon soars majestic and slow ;
And her mild -beaming rays sweetly pierce
thro ' the shade
Of the thicket that waves on its brow
And now her full orb o'er the mountain
impending,
Sublime in bright glory she glows in the sky ;
A stream of soft light o'er the vallies de
scending ;
On the lake's silver breast trees and cottages
blending
With the splendours effulgent on high .
Great Ruler of all ! while transported I view
This fabric so glorious and fair,
Oh ! teach me, with rapture and reverence
due,
To trace benign DEITY there
Serene yon orbs in thy radiance shine,
as
And light, life, and joy to creation impart,
So fair from my soul beam thine image di
vine,
And fervent, diffusive, unchanging like
thine,
May benevolence glow in my heart. S.
LINES
Written in Spring_1812.
REDEEMED from Winter'sdeadening reign ,
The joyful year revives again ;
And flings, with rule-rejecting mirth ,
Her gladdening glories o'er the earth .
Through herfull veins the transports run ,
And hark ! the woodland hymn's begun
From the close-foliaged grove the thrill
Comes softened up the breezy hill,
With ceaseless bleat, and frequent low ,
And mountain -rivulets' dashing flow ,
And all the stir and din below .
 1817. ) Original Poetry.
-The blent, but soon selected , call
Of man , who loves and blesses all,
With kingly accent, sweet though high ,
Completes the full-toned harmony.
Its thorns are in my breast-- yet still
I love this Earth with all its ill !
Though lone and heartless in the strife,
I dread the long fatigue of life
And none to whom 'twere sweet to say,
“ These heavens how bright! this earth
how gay !"
With meeting soul and kindred mood
Endear the charms of solitude
Though every hour has on its wing
A sadder tear, a sharper sting
And balm and blessing were in vain-
This friendless heart was formed for pain.
THE MERMAID .
From the German of Goethe.
1.
THE sea -wave falls the sea - wave flows;
On lonely rock the Fisher lies,
In clear cool stream his hook he throws,
And views the bait with wistful eyes ;
And as his silent task he plies,
Behold ! the floods apart are flung,
And where the circling eddies rise,
A Mermaid's form hath upward sprung !
2.
And soft her tones and sweet her song :
“0 , Fisher ! why my train decoy ?
“ With craft of man- still wise in wrong
“ Whyseek to changeto death their joy ? Yes !on these plains of yore so blest,
“ O ! wistthou here whattasks employ Wheresleep in death'sunbroken rest
“ What bliss the tribes of ocean know ,
“ No more thy days should care annoy,
“ But peace be sought these waves below ! " Drag o'er a thousand heroes' graves,
3.
“ And seeks not aye the glorious sun ,
“ And beauteousmoon ,ourwatery rest ? But, ho !—the tomb's dark thraldom break
“ And springs not each, its course to run ,
“ Wave -wash'd , in tenfold glory drest ?
“ And charms not Theein Ocean's breast
“ This nether heaven of loveliest blue ?
“ Charmsnotthine ownfair form imprest O comearrayedin all yourglory ,
“ In liquid limning soft and true ? "
4.
The sea -wave falls — the sea -wave flows
At length around his feet is flung ;
He starts -- the flame within him glows,
That erst on love's embraces hung !
And sweeter yet the sea -maid sung,
And sought, half-met, the charmed shore ;
Her arms around her victim flung
And ne'er was seen that Fisher more !
J. F.
GREECE.
From the French of Ardans.
( Almanach des Muses, pour 1815.)
1 ..
LED by the light of bards ofyore
The minstrel seeks Illissus' shore :
Like them inspired with holy rage
That Greece, erewhile so great and sage,
Greece , lovely still his footsteps tread ;
171
And, 0 ! -- though cold and silent now,
He feels that land still strong to bow
The pilgrim'sheartwith reverential dread !
2.
But where are they — theMen of yore
Whose deeds of fame that may not die ,
Bade rise upon their native shore
The home of holy Liberty ? -
0 ! rouse Ye atmy voice of pain !
0 ! rise and look on Græcia now !
Reft of the gifts Ye gave — in vain,
The servile neck behold her bow ,
And hug, with trembling hand, the chain
The Tartar binds around her brow !.
3.
Oh ! bowed to earth - and crushed_and
lone
Greece to my pensive eye appears
A widow desolate, with quenchless tears
Weeping her gods and all her heroes gone !
Alas ! o'er all this lovely clime
In heart and soul by slavery wrung ,
The dastard sons of sires sublime
Scarce know the land whereon they
sprung ;
And feel - of all its glories gone,
Or weak regretor memory none !
Greece Greece -- alas ! is all entombed
And all that fired , and blessed , and bloomed ,
Survive but in her ashes now !
And only strangers sorrow there
O'er ills — the deadliest - lands must bear
Where tyrants reign and bondsmen bow !
The hearts with Sparta's king that bled,
Their rankling chains a race of slaves
Nor ever dream what dust they tread !
5.
ing,
Atlength , Immortal Slumberers, waking,
Arise - arise ! whose mighty story
Shall live while nature's self endures !
And Greece may live and yet be yours !
And , hark ! the slave hath burst his chain ,
And Triumph's raptures shares again !
New -born, he feels a Spartan's soul sublime,
And thrusts the Tartarfrom his sacred clime!
6.
But ah ! in vain the voice of grief
Is raised where all is desolate !
No answering sound affords relief
To hearts that wail the wrongs of fate ;
Death broods o'er these abandoned plains,
And horror's frozen silence reignis !
Alas ! the dream that soothed his soul
Too fleetly fled the minstrel mourns ;
Alas ! when past th ' infernal gaol
No demigod to earth returns !
And hark ! while here my voice of woe
Is raised around their dwellings low
Repeating many a hero's name
With Sparta's linked - or Athen's fame,
A turbaned Turk with sacrilegious blow
Lays the last column of Minerva low !
J , F.
172 Review . - Duchess ofAngouleme's Journal. [ May

REVIEW OF NEW PUBLICATIONS.

PrivateMemoirs,which, with the Work influence, but from the difficulty of ,

of M. Hue, and the Journal of Clery, maintaining them amidst the innu
complete the History of the Captivity merable facilities afforded to vice, by.
of the Royal Family of France in the obsequiousness and flattery of ser
the Temple. Translated from the vile dependents. Theirhappiness apa
French, with Notes by the Trans- pears so far above all ordinary compe
lator ; 12mo, pp. 138. London, tition, that we view it without envy ;
Murray ; Edinburgh, Blackwood. and over their miseries, perpetually ,
contrasted in our minds with the
THERE is something interesting even brighter aspect of their lot, we shed a
in the title of this little publication . tearof unmingled compassion .
Sovereigns and princes are so far re- Never have the best of these feelings
moved from the observation of the rest been more powerfully awakened in
of mankind , that public curiosity has ourown breasts, than by the perusal
always been directed with peculiar of this journal. Nothing, indeed, can
eagerness to their private history. We be conceived more interesting than
feel a very natural desire to “ enter the circumstances in which it has ap
within the vail, " which ceremony in- peared. It is continued to the day of the
terposes between them and their sub- dauphin's death, and of course cone
jects; to see them lay,aside the overa, tains much information which Clery
powering lustre, which prevented our and Hue, in their journals, could not
near approach and our steady gaze;and give. It is composed from notes,
to observe howfar they, who never ap- either made by stealth at the mo
peared to our imaginations but in the ment, with pencils which theprincess
full meridian of felicity and of power, had found means to conceal from her
approach in their retirementthelevel persecutors, or added immediatelyafter
ofhumanity ,and are influenced by the her releasefrom prison, and has there
common motives and feelings of men, fore an air of simplicity and nature,
The memoirs of princes, therefore , which the feeling of the moment alone
are always read with avidity, even could impress. It was written without
though there be nothing very extra- any view to publication, and therefore,
ordinary in their details. We con- represents, without disguise or conceal
template with interest any portrait, ment, the miseries and the conduct of,
which exhibits the minds of such ex- the ill-fated captives. It is written
alted personages without the disguise by the Orphan of the Temple, whose
of court costume : we have a secret restoration to her former dignity afa
pride in comparing them with our . fords some compensation forherpro
selves ; and in observing how com . tracted sufferings; and who, by her
pletely their superiority vanishes,when virtues and her heroism , has com
they are viewed apart from those ex- manded the admiration of the world ,
ternal advantages, which threw around and proved how much she had profit
them an adventitious glare. ed in the school of affliction . This
The abatement of admiration, how- interesting little work is not accom
ever, which such memoirs generally panied by any name, but it is avowed
produce, is amply compensated by the at Paris ; and it isimpossible to read
better feelings which they excite . one page of it, without being con ,
We enter with full sympathy into the vinced that it is the genuine produc
joys equally
and sorrows to whichwe see royal tion of the illustrious personage to
accessible with our own. whom it is ascribed .
hearts
The familiarity into which we seem The narrative commences from the
admitted with them is repaid with a 13th of August 1792, when the king
proportionate degree of amity. Their and his family were committed to the
faults, estimated by their temptations, Temple. They were accompanied to
are scanned with avery indulgent eye; this melancholy abode by the Princess
and their virtues derive additional lus- de Lamballe, of the house of Savoy ,
tre, not only from the extent of their widow of Louis de Bourbon ,Prince of
 173
1817. ) Review .- Duchess of Angouleme's Journal...
Lamballe. Her attachm ent to the journal) “ the horrible man who had
queen was enthusiastic. The prepare broken open the door of the king on
ations for the journey to Montmedy the 20th of June 1792, and who had
separated them for a time; and Ma- been near assassinating him. This
dame de Lamballe sought refuge in man never left the tower, and was in
d
Englan ; but when she heard of the defatigable in endeavouring to torment
queen's recapture, no earnestness of him . One time he would sing before
entreaty, or fear of danger, could pre- the whole family the Carmagnole, and
vent her from rejoining her royal a thousand other horrors ; again, know
friend, whom she accompanied and ing that the queen disliked the smoke
cheered during her dreadfultrials, with of tobacco,he would puff it in her
unequalled magnanimity and affec- face, as well as in that of the king, as
tion . The unfortunate queen was not they happened to pass him ." Such
long permitted to enjoy the soothing were the indignities to which they
conversation of this generous com- were daily exposed : but the horror of
panion . The tyrannical mandate of the picture is relieved by the devoted
the Commune de Paris forced Madame affection of this amiable family for
de Lamballe from the Temple, to ex . each other, which seemed to beguile
piate the crime of her devoted attach- them of the sense of their individual
ment to the royal sufferer, by a death misery --- to console them for all they
attended with circumstances of atroci . had lost - to support them under all
ty, “ unparalleled even inusthe annals of they had to suffer,and to fortify them
France." This barbaro event was against all they had to fear. The
communicated to the unhappy family health and education of the dauphin
in the Temple , in a manner which was their principal care. For the sake
strongly marked «theAtbrutalit y of the of his health, they went every day to
Revolutionists. three o'clock, walk in thegarden, though Louis never
(3d ofSeptember) just after dinner, failed to be insulted by the guards.
as the king was sitting down to tric. The king taught him geography ; the
trac with the queen, (which heplayed queen, history, and to get verses by
for the purpose of having an oppor- heart; and Madame Elizabeth gave
tunity of saying a few words to her him little lessons in Arithmetic. But
unheard by thekeepers,) the most hor- of the hope which mingled with these
rid shouts were heard . Severaloffi- soothing employ ments they were soon
cers of the guard and of the munici- to be deprived. On the 22d of Sep
pality now arrived the former insist- tember the republic was proclaimed ;
ed that the king should shew himself and one evening in the beginning of
at the windows ; fortunately the latter October, the king, after he had sup
opposed it ; but, on his majesty's ask- ped , was told to stop ; that he was not
ing what was the matter, a young offi- to return to his former apartments ; and
cer of the guard replied : “ Well, since that he was to be separated from his
you will know , it is the head of Ma- family. At this dreadful sentence the
dame de Lamballe that they wish to queen lost her usual courage ; and the
show you.” At these words the queen officers were so much alarmed by her
was overcome with horror;-itwas the silent and concentrated sorrow , that
only occasion in which her firmness they allowed her and the other prin
abandoned her. The noise lasted till cesses to see the king, but at meal times
five o'clock . The prisoners learned only, and on condition that theyshould
that the people had wished to force the speak loud, and in good French. At
door, and that the municipal officers length , on the 11th of December, the
had been enabled to preventit only by king was summoned to the bar ofthe
putting across it a tricoloured scarf, and Convention . The anxiety of his fa
by allowing six of the murderers to mily during his absence may be easily
march round the tower with the head conceived . The queen , to discover
of the princess, leaving at the door her what was going on , condescended for
body, which they would have dragged the first time to question the officers
also. When this deputation enter- who guarded her - but they would tell
ed, Rocher ( the gaoler) shouted for her nothing. On his return in the
joy, and brutally insulted a young wo- evening , she requested to see him in
man, who turned sick with horrorat stantly , but received no answer . Next
this spectacle .'- This Rocherwas ( to day she repeatedher request to see the
adopt again the emphatic words of the king, and to read the newspapers, that.
 174 Review.Duchess of Angouleme's Journal. [ May
she might learn the courseof the trial, and Madame Royale dressed the child ,
or if that should be refused , that the for his poor mother had no longer
children atleast might be permitted to strengthfor any thing. Nevertheless,
see his majesty. The newspaperswere when he was dressed, she took him
refused ; but the children were allow- and delivered him into the hands of
ed to see their father, on condition of the officers, bathing him with her
being separated entirely from their tears, foreseeing, possibly, that she was
mother. To this privation, however, never to see him again .
the king was too generous to expose The only pleasure thequeen now en
her. joyed was , seeing her child through a
The circumstances immediately pre chink as he passed fromhis room tothe
ceding and attending the execution of tower : at this chink she used to watch
the unhappy monarch are known to for hours together. The barbarity
all:-we cannot deny ourselves the with which the dauphin was treated
satisfaction of transcribing the tribute has no parallel. He was committed
paid by his daughter to the greatness to a man of the name of Simon , a
of his conduct during his rigorous cape shoemaker by trade, then oneof the
tivity . During his confinement, he municipal officers. To this inhuman
displayed the highest piety, greatness wretch , the boy's crying at being se
of mind, and goodness -; mildness, parated from his family , appeared an
fortitude, and patience, in bearing the unpardonable crimeand he soon im
most infamousinsults, the most hor- pressed him with such terror thathe
rid and malignant calumnies ; chris- did not dare to weep. Simon, .to in
tian clemency, which forgave even his sult the miseries of the unhappy suf
murderers ; and the love of God, his ferers through the voice of this belov
family, and his people, of which he ed child , made him every day sing at
gave the most affecting proofs, even the windows the Carmagnole, and other
with his last breath , and of which he revolutionary songs ; and taught him
went to receive the reward in the bo- the most horrid oaths and impreca
som of his Almighty and all -merciful rions against God, his own family, and
Creator . ” the aristocrats. “ The queen fortun
After the death ofLouis, the perse- ately was ignorant of these horrors.
cutions of his family became every day She wasgone beforethechild had learn
more rigorous. A decree the Com- ed his infamous lesson . It was an in
mune,that the dauphin should be se- fliction which the mercy ofHeaven
parated from his mother and the prin- was pleased to spare her." While this
cesses, gave rise to a scene of affliction, unfortunate boy remained under the
which is described with the most care ofSimon, his bed had not been stir
touching simplicity. red for six months, and was alive with
“ Assoon as the young prince heard bugs, and vermin still more disgusting.
this sentence pronounced , he threw His linen and his person were covered
himself into the arms of his mother, with them . For more than a year he
and entreated, with violent cries, not had no change of shirt or stockings !
to be taken from her. The unhappy everykind of filth was allowed to ac
queen was stricken to the earth by cumulate about him , and in his room .
this cruel order. She would not part His window , which was locked as well
with her son ; and she actually de- as grated, was never opened, and the
fended , against the efforts of the offi- infectious smell of this horrid room
cers, the bed in which she had placed was dreadful. He never asked for any
him . But these men would have him, thing, so great was his dread of Simon
and threatened to call up the guard and his other keepers . He passed his
and use violence. The queen exclaim- days without any kind of occupation.
ed , that they had better kill her than They did not even allow him light in
tear her child from her . An hour was the evening. This situation affected
spent in resistance on her part, in his mind as well as his body, and it is
threats and insults from the officers, not surprising that he should have
in prayers and tears on the part ofthe fallen into the most frightfulatrophy.
two other princesses. At last they But we must forbear to indulge far
threatened even the life of the child, ther in these melancholy details, ear
and the queen's maternal tenderness nestly recommending to our readers
at length forced her to this sacrifice. the perusal of the journal itself. The
Madame Elizabeth ( the king's sister ), queen and Madame Elizabeth , a prin .
 1817.) Review .-- Ricardo on Political Economy. 175
cess distinguished byher virtues and found very useful to thosewho are not
piety, were successively dragged from intimately acquainted with the early
the Temple to the Conciergerie, and history of the French revolution.
thence to the scaffold . - The dauphin ,
though originally of a vigorous con
stitution, fell avictim , at the age of OnthePrinciplesof PoliticalEconomy
ten years and two months, to the and Taxation By David RICARDO,
.
studied barbarity of his treatment. Esq. Murray, London ; Blackwood,
We have to regret that these me Edinburgh. 8vo. 1817.
moirs are not continued after the dau . The science of political Economy owes
phin's death, though Madame Royale its rise to the eighteenth century.
(now the Duchess of Angouleme) re- Many facts, and several of the prin
mained in the Temple sixmonthsafter ciples which now enter into treatises
that event, exposed alone to the perse- on that subject, had been previously
cutions and insults of her enemies. ascertained , but it was reserved for
She was released on the 11th of De- Stuart, Turgot, Smith, and other emi
cember , the seventeenth anniversary nent men of the last age, to combine
ofher birth , to experience vicissitudes them into one consistent and harmo
no less wonderful, though happier in nious whole, and to analyze, in amuch
their issue, than those throughwhich more accurate manner than had ever
she had already passed. been done before, the sources of wealth ,
Whateveropinion may beentertain , and the laws which regulate its distri
ed of the principles which led to the bution among the different classes of
revolution in France, no diversity of society. Since the publication of the
sentiment can prevail with regard to Wealth of Nations, political economy
the atrocities of theRevolutionists. It has been greatly improved. That
will ever remain a problem in the his- great work ,by shewing its infinite
tory of mankind, that a people dis- importance to our best interests,-by
tinguished by their refinement, should proving that no legislative measures
have become all at once equally dis- could be adopted clashing with its
tinguished by their barbarity;-that a principles, but what must be vitally
people almost singular in their attach- injurious to the community at large,
ment to monarchy, should, under the -and by successfully exposing many
reign of the best of their monarchs, absurd theories, enactments, and prac
have forgotten their loyalty and alle tices, hitherto looked upon as the ac
giance ; and, in the wildness ofrepub- mè of geniusand wisdom , contributed
lican frenzy, have sought to annihilate in a very high degree to draw public
every thing connected with a govern- attention to the science of which it
ment, for which , but lately before, still continues the brightest ornament.
they thought it all their glory to live More lately, the profound and original
and todie. The poison administered inquiries of Mr Malthus have cast a
by their philosophists might, perhaps, new light on many subjects, which
vitiate the principles of the whole mass had either been entirely neglected , or
of the community ; the corrupt exam- only cursorily noticed by Dr Smith ;
ple of a court might have diffused while the extraordinary events of the
through all ranksits pernicious influ- last twenty years have enabled usin va
ence ; but will these causes account rious instances, to try the deductions of
for the violence of their revolutionary theory by the touchstone of experi
fury, unless we suppose , that the force ence. The suspension of cash pay
of the revulsion, whichburst asunder ments at the bank of England, with
all their former political associations, the subsequent depreciation of our
tore up at the same time all the good currency, and derangement of the ex
principles of their nature, and drove changes, rendered us much better ac
them from the excess of admiration quainted with the theory of banking
and devotion, to the opposite extreme and money . And amid all the com ,
of contempt and hatred ? plicated evils arising from our general
The translation, conducted on the factitious system - , the ordersin coun
most correct ideas, combines, very suc- cil, the corn laws, and such like mea
cessfully, the simplicity of the original sures, have at least served to bring
with the purest English idiom . The under our view a variety of unprece
translator has occasionally elucidated dented phenomena in economics, and
the text with notes, which will be by interesting the public, and giving
176 Review . - Ricardo on Political Economy. [ May
rise to much animated discussion , have objects of desire, are procured by labour ;
conspired to disseminate and improve and they may be multiplied , not in one
country alone, but in many, almost without
theAmong
science.the writerswho have signal- any assignable limit, ifwearedisposedto
bestow the labour necessary to obtain them .
ized themselves in these discussions, " In speaking then of commodities, of
MrRicardoholds a distinguished place. their exchangeablevalue, andof the laws
- His Essay on the “ High Price of which regulate theirrelativeprices, wemean
Bullion ,” first clearly pointed out the always such commodities only ascanbe in
circumstances regulating the amount creased in quantity by the exertion ofhuman
of circulating medium in all commer- industry, and on the production of which
cial countries ; and his Essays “ On competition operates without restraint."
the Profits of Stock , " and on “ Cur- In the early stages of society, the
rency,” develope principles of the ut- exchangeable value of these commodi
mostimportance, and abound in views ties, or therule which determines how
equally just, novel, and ingenious. much of one shall be given in exchange
Suchbeing the case, amore than or- for another, dependssolely on the com
dinary interest must be excited by parative quantity of labour expended
the appearance of the work before on each.
us, in which this able economist has “ The real price of every thing ,"
explained his opinions respecting some says Dr Smith , “what every thing
ofthefundamental doctrines of the sci- really costs to the man who wants to
ence, and in which, as it appears to us, acquire it, is the toil and trouble of
he has established some highly impor- acquiring it. What every thing is real
tant principles, and rectified many pre- ly worth to the man who has acquired
vailing errors. it, and who wants to dispose of it, or
Nothing has contributed in a greater exchange it for something else, is the
degree to perplex and confuse the in- toil and trouble which it can save to
vestigations respecting the principles of himself, and which it can impose on
political economy, than theconfound- other people. *** If, among a nation
ing together of what Dr Smith has of hunters, for example, it usuallycost
termed value in use, and value in ex- twice the labour to kill a beaver which
change. Air is extremely useful ;it is it does to kill a deer, one beaver should
not possible to exist without it; but as naturally exchange for, or be worth,
it can be had at pleasure, as all can ac- two deer. It is natural, that what is
quire it withoutany exertion, ithas no usually the produce of two days', or
exchangeable value. Utility, then ,as two hours' labour, should be worth
Mr Ricardo has observed , is not the double of what is usually the produce
measure of exchangeable value, ale of one day's or one hour's labour.”
though it is absolutely essential to it. That this is the only real foundation
If a commodity werein no way use- of exchangeable value seemsindisputa
ful, -in other words, if it could in no ble ; and hence it follows, that every
way contribute to our gratification , increasein the quantity oflabour must
it would be destitute of exchangeable augment the value of that commodity
value, however scarce it might be, or on which it is necessarily expended, as
whatever quantity of labourmight be every diminution of that quantity must
necessary to procure it. proportionally lower its value.
“ Possessing utility , commodities derive It may perhaps be thought, that al
their exchangeable values from two sources: though this is the case in early stages
from their scarcity,andfromthe quantity of society ,in an advanced stateit
of labour them s,. the value
to obtainditie
“ Thererequired
are somecommo would be different ; butMr Ricardo
of which determined ty a has shewn that, in all cases , commodi
lone. Nois labour by theirthe
can increase scarci
quantity ties vary in value conformably to this
of such goods, and therefore their value principle. It is of no consequence
cannot be lowered by an increased supply. ainong how many hands the labour of
Their value is wholly independent ofthe making a pair of stockings is divided.
quantity of labour originally necessary to If the aggregate quantity is on the
produce them ,and varies with thevarying whole either diminished or increased,
wealth and inclinations of those who are de- the exchangeable value of the stock
sirousto possess them . ings will fall or rise in proportion .
“ These commodities, however, form a
very small partof the mass of commodities From what we have already stated,
daily exchanged in the market. By farthe a most important consequence, first
greater part of those goods, which are the pointed out by Mr Ricardo, necessarily
1
 1817.) Review . – Ricardo on Political Economy. 177
* results, viz . That no increase in the labour REDUCES the price of commodi.
wages of labour can inerease the rela- ties.
tive exchangeable values of commodi- “ Suppose,” says Mr Ricardo, “ that
ties. an engine is made, which will last for 100
Ifa stocking manufacturer employs years, andthat its value is£ 20,000. Sup
one hundred men, during ten days, in pose too, thatthismachine, without any
labour whatever, could produce a certain
manufacturing stockings, which ex commodities that
change for the gloves manufactured by quantity of
profitswere10 per cent,annually, andvalue
the whole
the same number of men in twenty of the goods produced would be annually
days, the values of these products are £ 2000 : 2:11 ; for the profit of £ 20,000,
precisely equal. But if some more at 10 per cent is £ 2000 0 0
expeditious method of manufacturing And an annuity of 29. 11d. for
gloves should be discovered , if one 100 years, at 10 per cent will,
man was enabled to do as much work at the end of that period, re
as was previously executed by two, the place a capital of £ 20,000, 0 2 11
value of gloves,compared with stock. Consequently the goods must
ings,( supposing, for the sake of sim- sell for £ 2000 2 11
plifying the question, that the value of “ If the same amount of capital, viz .
the raw materials consumed in both £ 20,000 , be employed in supporting pro
manufactures are equal,) would be re- ductive labour, and be annually consumed
duced one half. If an equal improve- and reproduced , as it is when employed in
ment had been made in the stockin payingwages, then to give an equal profit
manufacture, the relative values ofg
of 10 percent, the commodities must sell
both commodities would remain the for £ 22,000. Nowsuppose labour so to
sameas atfirst;—a greater quantityof rise,thatinstead
to pay the wages of
£20,000
of those being sufficient
employed in pro
the one would merely be exchanged ducing the latter commodities , £ 20,962 is
for a greater quantity of the other. It required ; then profits will fall to 5 per
is obvious, however, that an increase cent ; for as these commodities would sell for
in the wages of labour could not affect no more than £ 22,000, and to produce them
would
this conclusion. Supposewages torise £ 20,952 would be requisite, there capital
10 per cent., the stocking manufacturer remain nomore than £ 1,018, on a
could not say to the glove manuface of £ 20,952.If labour sorise, that £21,153
turer that he must have a greater quan were required, profits would fall to 4 per
; and if it rose, so that £ 21,359 was
tity of gloves in exchange for his stock- cent.
employed , profits would fall to3per cent.
ings, on account of the increased wages But as no wages would be paid by
of his workmen , because the other the owner of the machine when profits fell
would answer , that the same rise af- to 5 per cent., the price of his goods must
fected him in precisely the same de- fall to £1007 : 13 : 8,viz. £ 1000 to pay
gree . The relation of proportional his profits, and £7 : 13 : 8 to accumulate
by being all
numbers is not altered number. for100years , at 5 percent , to replace his
multiplied by the same If a capital of £ 20,000.“ When profits fall to 5
pairof stockings be exchanged for a pair per
andcent.
whenhisatgoods
3 permust
cent.sellforfor£ 632:
£816 :163 :: 2;
7.
of gloves when wages are at ls. per By a rise in the price of labour , then , un
diem , the same exchange would take der 7 per cent, which has no effect on the
place after wages had risen to 20s. per prices of commodities wholly produced by
diem. In the one case a very small share labour, a fall of no less than 68 per cent, is
only of the produce of the labourer's effected on those commoditieswholly pro
exertionswould belong to himself, and duced by machinery lasting 100 years. If
a large share to his cmployer ; in the the proprietor of the machine sold his goods
other, the labourer's share would be formore than £ 632: 16 : 7, he would get
much augmented, and his employer's more
stock ;than
and3 asperothers
cent., the general profit of
could furnish them .
proportionally reduced. Thevalue of selves with machines at the same price of
the commodity would, in both cases, £ 20,000, they would be so multiplied, that
be the same, but it would be very dif- he would be inevitably obliged to sink the
ferently divided. price of his goods, till theyafforded only the
Mr Ricardo, however, has not only usual and general profits of stock.”
shewn that a rise in the wages of labour In proportion as the machine was
does not raise the price of the commo- more or less durable, prices would be
dities purchased by that labour, but more or less affected by a rise of wages;
he has also shewn, that when fired but, for a further elucidation of this
capitals, and machinery, are employed subject, our readers must peruse Mr
in producing, a rise in the wages of Ricardo's own statements.
VOL . I. Z
178 Review .- Bingley's Useful Knowledge. [May
We have here supposed, for the sake the production of which no additional
of perspicuity, that the value of money quantity of labour is required. “ If
was invariable, but whether it is ris- then ," says Mr Ricardo, wages con
ing or falling has no effect on these tinued the same, profits would remain
conclusions. Like every other com- the same ; but if, as is absolutely cer
modity, the exchangeable value of tain , wages should rise with the rise
money varies as the labour of produ- of corn , then profits would necessarily
cing it is increased or diminished. fall. ”
It does not follow , from the very im- Mr Ricardo had already developed
portant principles which Mr Ricardo thisprinciple, thoughmore concisely,
has withso much talent and ingenu« in his " Essay on the Profits of Stock ;
ity endeavoured to establish , that and had successfully applied it to shew
wages may be increased in one coun- the folly of restricting the corn trade ;
try, though they should remain sta- for, by forcing us to have recourse to
tionary in others, without any mis- land of a very inferior quality for our
chievous consequences being experi- supplies of food, the restrictive system
enced . If the wages of labour in Great necessarily lowers the profits of every
Britain , from theeffects of taxation ,- kind of stock throughout the country,
from the operation of the corn laws, and increases the desire to transfer ca
or from any other cause, are higher pital abroad .
than in any other country of Europe, Mr Ricardo has also given a satis
the profits of stock must be propor- factory, and in many respects an ori.
tionally lower. Hence, thereis an in- ginal,view of the nature of rent, and
ducement to remit capital abroad to of the effects of taxation. As our li
where it will yield a larger return ; and mits, however, will not permit us to
although capitalists, as well as other enter on these topics, we earnestly re
men , have anatural repugnance to re- commend our readers to have recourse
move to foreign countries from the land to the work itself, whichcontainsmuch
of their fathers and their friends, yet, valuable and profound discussion , as
as Mr Ricardo has justly observed, well on these as on subjects to which
“ There are assuredly limits to the it has not been possible for us even to
price, which, in the form of perpetual allude.
taxation , individuals will subrnit to Mr Ricardo's style is simple and
pay for the privilege merely of living unaffected ; but there are some parts
in their native country .” of his work in which, perhaps, he is a
The vast number of English fa- little obscure, and others in which
milies which have emigrated to the there appears too much of controversy.
continent since thepeace, is a too con- Of all the writers on Political Econo
vincing proof of theaccuracy of this my, M. Say stands unrivalled for per
statement ; and until the weight of spicuity , for natural and luminous
our taxation is diminished, and the arrangement, and for instructive and
profits of stock rendered as high, and elegant illustration .
the expense of house-keeping as cheap,
in this country as on the other side tu

of the water, the tide of emigration Bingley's Useful Knowledge ; or an

will continue to roll on.
Besides adventitious causes, such as Account of the various Productions
of Nature, Mineral, Vegetable, and
taxation , & c. which may raise the Animal, which are chiefly employed
wages of labour and lower the rate of for the use of Man . 3 vols 12mo.
profit, Mr Ricardo lays it down as a London , Baldwin & Co. 1817.
general principle, that in every country
the profits of stockmust be diminish- This work well entitles its author
ed according as it becomes more diffin to rank among the friends of youth.
cult to raise food . If corn , or manu. It is really what it pretends to be, a
factured goods, always sold at the repositoryof useful knowledge, con
same price, profits would be high or taining a clear and interesting account
low , in proportion as wages were low of many of those productions which
or high. But although corn rises in are useful to man in the mineral, ve
price because more labour is necessary getable, and animal kingdoms.
to produce it, that cause will not raise That part of it which treats of ani
the price of manufactured goods, in mals has been executed on a plan
 1817.] Review .-- Bingley's Useful Knowledge. 179

similar to that of Mavor, Bigland, and rocks, and above all, of the different
others; and the subjects of the two kinds of soils, and also to give some
first parts are to be found in systems idea of what is meant by the theories
of mineralogy and botany; but there of the earth. Another subject which
is no workwith which we are ac- we should have expected to see no
quainted, in which so much valuable ticed, is fossil remains. In this there
information in all these departments is much to interest and amuse ; and it
is comprised within the same extent. certainly falls within the author's plan.
There is, we are persuaded, no class All these things would add little to
of readers to whom this book will not the size, whilethey would greatly in
be both amusing and instructive. To crease the value of the publication. It
those who have already studied the is properalso to remark, that the au
subjects in larger works, it will serve thor might have taken more frequent
to recall the particulars which are occasion than he has done to impress
most interesting, and may be advan on the minds of his readers the appear
tageously employed as a book of refer- ances of wisdom and goodness which
ence. Those, on the other hand , who are so often to be met with in the
have not entered upon such inquiries, works of nature. In books intended
will find a great deal to gratify their for the use of the young, this is a duty
curiosity , conveyed in an agreeable that ought never to be omitted ; and
manner. To young persons, especially the performance of it constitutes one
young ladies, who have seldom an op- great excellence in the writings of
portunity of studying large systems of Bigland and Mavor. Of the style and
natural history, we would particularly manner we cannot give a better idea ,
recommend this work. If it were read than by making an extract almost at
in small portions daily, and an account random , which may be considered a
of the pupil's progress rendered, either fair specimen of what the book con
in writing or in conversation , the tains.
young would soon be found to have
acquired more information on the “ The common pear is a well known
topics of which it treats, than many garden fruit,derived from an Englishstock,
who have the wild pear tree ( Pyrus communis), which
vague andperused
cursorylarger systems
manner. in a grows
Besides in hedges and thickets in Somerset
shire and Sussex . It would be an endless
affording much information,as itis tasktodescribethe differentknownvarieties
arranged onthe plan of the best sys- ofthe cultivated pear. Some of theseare
tems, it will insensibly accustom the very large, and others extremely small :
mind to the classifications of natural some have a rich and luscious flavour, and
history, and thereby prepare the reader others, as the iron pear, are so hard and
for the study of more extensive works. disagreeable to the taste, as to be absolutely
unfit to eat. Pears are chiefly used in des
We must not, however, forbear to serts ; and one or two of the kinds are
mention some slight defects, which stewed with sugar, baked , or preserved in
we would wish much to see supplied, syrup .
whenever it comes to another edition . “ The fermented juice of pears is called
In addition to the general index, there perry, and is prepared nearly in the same
should be a separate index to each manner as that of apples is for cider. The
volume. In the first volume, only greatest quantities of perry are made in
some of the families of minerals are Worcestershire and Herefordshire. The
enumerated , and for no other reason Squash , the Oldfield, and the Barland
than that the Table might all be con perry are esteemed the best. Many of the
tained in one page. Another defect dealers in Champaigne winearesaid to use
in the same part of the work is, that perry great extent in the adulteration
ofit': to
anda indeed
, real good perry is little
little is said of what are called com- inferior in flavour or quality to champaigne.
pound rocks, or even of the different “ Of the wood of the pear tree, which is
soils ; and nothing at all ofwhat every light, smooth, compact, and of a yellowish
one has often occasion to hear men- colour, carpenters' and joiners”, tools are
tioned , we mean the manner in which usually made, as well as the common kinds
the earth is supposed to have been of flat rulers, and measuring scales. It is
formed. Now we think that it would also used for picture framesthat are to be
stained
be interesting, and at the same time dye, andblack The leaves impart a yellow
are .sometimes employedto com
easy, to give a short account of these municate agreencolour to blue cloth . '
5
180 Analytical Notices. - Encyclopædia Britannica - Supplement. [ May

ANALYTICAL NOTICES.

1. ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA propose to giveof works of this nature,

SUPPLEMENT . our plan and limits admit of no retro
Vol. II . Part I.
Among the many distinctions by spect beyond the last published Num
which our northern metropolis is ber. of Mr Stewart's dissertation ,
known in the literary world, it is not therefore, we shallonly say, that we
the least honourable, that the first agree with some distinguished critics
Encyclopædia, in point of celebrity, if in considering it as the most splendid
not of time, published in Britain, of hisworks, andas combining a num
was projected and executed in Edin- berof qualities which place the author
burgh. On the plan of the Encyclo- at the head of the elegant writers of
pædia Britannica , important improve- philosophy in our language.
ments have no doubt been made in The order which Mr Playfair fol
other similar works ; but it was even lows in his discourse, is very properly
from the first a most valuable reposi- determined by a regard to the subser
tory of knowledge, and many of the viency of one science to the progress of
leading articles in science and litera- another, and the consequent priority
ture were executed with an ability of the former in the course of regular
which has never been surpassed. Sci- study. He first traces, therefore, the
ence, however, is unceasing in her pro- progress of the pure mathematics, one
gress ; and is found, in the course of a of the two principal instruments which
few years, to have left far behind, the have been applied to the advancement
fields in which her votaries had for- of natural science. As the other in
merly accompanied her with all the strument is experience, the principles
delight of discovery. The records of ofthe inductivemethod, or that branch
her advancement given in Encyclopæ- of logic which teaches the application
dias soon become defective ; and the of experiment and observation to the
deficiency must be supplied either by interpretation of nature,form , ofcourse,
new editions, or by supplemental are the second object of his inquiry. He
ticles. The proprietors of the Britan- next proceeds to treat of natural phi
nica, though they have repeatedly losophy, under the divisions of mecha
been calledupon, by an extended sale, nics, astronomy, and optics. Under the
to renew the editions of their work, general denomination of mechanics he
have generally chosen to give, in the includes the theoryof motion, as ap
form of supplements, the additional plied not only to solids, but to fluids,
information which the progress of sci- both incompressible and elastic. Optics
ence required. The Supplement which he places after astronomy, because the
is now going on, has attracted much of discoveries in mechanics, he observes,
the public attention by the pomp of have much less affected theprogress of
its announcement, and has deserved the former of these sciences than of
it, so far as published , by the splen- the latter. A sixth division succeeds,
dour of its execution . containing the laws of the three un
Three Parts of it have already ap- known substances, if, indeed, they may
peared : the first preceded by a disser- be called substances,-heat, electricity,
tation exhibiting a general view of the andmagnetism . Aswe intend hereafter
progress of metaphysical, ethical, and to give, in another part of our work, a
political philosophy, by ProfessorDu- pretty full analysis of this dissertation,
gald Stewart ; and the third, which written by a correspondent, we shall
begins the second volume, by a simi- content ourselves at present with this
lar dissertation on the history of the general outline of Mr Playfair's plan.
mathematical and physical sciences, In the object which he modestly pro
by Professor Playfair. These disser- poses to himself,—to treat his subjects
tations are extremely valuable ; and with clearnessand precision ,-MrPlay
did the Supplement contain nothing fair has completely succeeded. No au
more, we should have considered it as thor, indeed , with whom we are ac
a very precious donation to the literary quainted, excels him in luminous are
world ."Inthe short sketch which we rangement, or in perspicuous expres
1819. ) Analytical Notices.- Encyclopædia Britannica.- Supplement. 181
sion . At all times perfectly master of between oneand two degrees in breadth
his subject, he conveys his ideas to that, in a subsequent voyage ,he had
his readers with a clearness, an ease, circumnavigated New Hollandmand
and elegant simplicity, which render that, in a still later voyage, he had
his works, in our opinion, models of made many important discoveries. It
philosophical composition . was known that, after losing hisship ,
Of the other articles in this part ofthe he had set sail for England with his
Supplement, the first is AUSTRALASIA. papers, plans, and charts of discovery ,
A vague idea had long prevailed among when he was most shamefully detain
European geographers,that an immense ed at the Isle of France ; and that, in
continent existed beyond the limits of spite of an order for his liberation,
discoveryin the south, and extended procured in consequence of an appli
even to the pole. To this imaginary cation by the Royal Society of Lon
continent they gave thename of Terra don to the National Institute of Paris,
Australis Incognita . Though later re- the governor refused to permit him to
searches haveproved that there is no depart. When the article in the Sup
such continent, or at least that it can plement was written , it could be stated,
only be of a moderate size, and en- that after a captivity of seven years,
closed by impenetrable barriers of ice, he had at length arrived in England
yet in the three great oceans in the in 1810, and published, in 1814, his
south of the globe, there have been discoveries in two volumes, accom
discovered almost innumerable islands, panied with an atlas of charts, which
which demanded, of course, some sys- may be held forth as models in mari
tematic arrangement. With this view, time surveying. Captain Flinders has
the PresidentdeBrosses proposed that completed the survey in detail of the
the lands and islands in the Austral coasts of New Holland, with the ex
world should be divided into three ception of the west and northwest
portions, those in the Indian ocean, coasts, which he was prevented from
and in the south of Asia, to be named exploring by the loss of his ship. It is
Australasia; those in the twoPacifics, tobe hoped, thatthelocal government
Polynesia, from the number of islands ; of New South Wales will take an ear
and those in the Atlantic, to the south ly opportunity of completing the sur
of Cape Horn , and the Cape of ood vey in which Flinders was so unfore
Hope, Magellanica. Underthe name tunately interrupted. In this article,
of Australasia, the writer of this arti- too, are recorded the still more recent,
cle comprehends -- 1. Notasia, or new and no less interesting , discoveries,
Holland - 2. Van Diemen's Land - 3. made in the interior of this vast island
Papua, or New Guinea—4. New Bri- by Mr Evans and Governor Mac
tain, New Ireland, and neighbouring quarrie. The country ,according to
islands - 5. Solomon's Islands-6.New their accounts, was in all respects de
Hebrides — 7. New Caledonia -- 8. New lightful, still improving as they pene
Zealand, and isles to the southward trated westward , and holding out the
9. Kerguelen's Islands, or Islands of most inviting prospects to future col
Desolation - 10. St Paul and Amster- onists. Little more is added , in this
dam - 11. Numerous reefs and islets article, to the information which we
of coral scattered over the Australasian already possessed respecting the islands
sea .--Afterthis enumeration, the three of Australasia, excepting the discovery
last particulars of which have seldom of a fewislets to the south and south
been classed bygeographers under the west of Lord Auckland's group.
name of Australasia, though they are The next article in theSupplement
so classed with evident propriety, the is Austria , a new account of which
author proceeds to give apretty full was rendered indispensably necessary ,
account of each of them , in the by the recent events in which that
order in which they are named . One empire bore so conspicuous a share. It
considerable advantage thisarticle pos- begins with a very rapid sketch of the
sesses, in consequence of its being so recent history of Austria, and to the
lately published. When the corres- account of the same events given in
ponding article in the Edinburgh En- the corresponding article in the Edin
cyclopædia was written, it wasknown burgh Encyclopædia, it has to add
that Captain Flinders had ascertained this unexpected and wonderful cir.
Van Diemen's Land to be a large island cumstance , that in consequence of the
separated from New Holland by a strait downfall of Napoleon, Austria is now
 182 Analytical Notices.-- Encyclopædia Britannica. - Supplement. [ May
restored to more than her former trespass at will on a weaker neighbour.
splendour. At the commencement of The ancients had certainly some idea
the French revolution , the Austrian of such a political equipoise; but whe
dominions contained a population of ther that idea was merely speculative,
25,000,000 ,-as confirmed by the Con- or whether it influenced their political
gress of Vienna, their population is conduct, is a question which has di
27,926,000.- This mighty empire in- vided some of our ablest writers. Mr
cludes, at present, Bohemia, Moravia, Hume maintains, that the authority
Austrian , Silesia , Lower Austria, Up- of this system was scarcely less exten
per Austria, Salzburg and Berchstol- sive in ancient than in modern Eu
gaden ; Styria , Carinthia , Carniola, rope ; while Mr Brougham affirms,
Friuli, and Trieste ; Galicia, Bucko- that in this departmentofpolitics, the
wine,Hungary, Transylvania, Sclavo- ancients displayed nothing beyond a
nia, Croatia, Venetian States, Istria, speculative knowledge. The truth
Dalmatia, Tyrol, Lombardy, and other seems to lie between these assertions.
acquisitions in Italy. The power of The great principle of preserving a
this empire is less than we might ex- due balanceof power, is to be traced
pect from its extent of population, in many of the transactions of the
owing, as is judiciously observed, to Grecianstates; but that principle was
the want of that consonance of nation- never so regular in its operation, nor
al manners, and that congeniality of so authoritative in its influence, as it
national feeling, which are essential to has become among the modern nations
ease in governing, and which have of Europe. It was in Italy, divided
longformed the strength of France into a number of small states and com
and Britain . monwealths, that this principle first
The next article of considerable assumed the appearance of system .
length is BAKING ,leaving which to Early in the fifteenth century, we see
the consideration of bakers and phy- the balance of power becoming an ob
sicians, we pass on to a very intelli- ject of constant concern among these
gent paper on the BALANCE of Power. states -- and about the close of that
-We regret that the author has not century, these ideas began to extend
developed more fully the clear and en- to other quarters, and toinfluence the
lightened views which he entertains on operations of mightier kingdoms. The
this important subject, particularly as beneficial effects of such a system are
it is a subject not generally treated of in sufficiently obvious. It checked the
works of a similarnature. The policy frequency of wars — it was a barrier
of balancing the power of one state against the strong, and a bulwark to
against another, was never pursued the weak. We heartily concur with
but in modern Europe - nor was it till the author of this article , in reprobat
the commencement of the sixteenthing and lamenting the fatal violation
century , that the European states be- of this salutary principle in thepar
gan to be formed into one grand fede- tition of Poland - which presented the
ral league, to be the guardiansof each alarming example of a deliberate, un
other's interests. The ultimate inten- checked conspiracy against the inde
tion of this system of policy was, to se pendent existence ofan unoffending
cure everystate in the full possession country. With regard to the interest
of all its rights, by checking thefirst of Great Britain in the balancing sys
encroachments of ambition, watching tem , it is very justly remarked , that
the movements of foreign powers, and our commerce and our colonies render
uniting their respective force in sup- it absurd to talk of our being insulat
port of the weak against the strong. ed as an empire, because Britainis an
It was no part of this system to equal island ; and that we could not always
ize the powers of the states compos- be as secure, and as free from uneasy
ing the grand community - which is apprehension, in a state of total insula
asimpracticable as topreserve an equal. tion from foreignconnexions, as with
ity of property among the individual friends or confederates to employ or
members of a nation . The question oppose a formidable enemy on his own
is not what amount of power above a- confines. We accord, likewise, in the
nother any state possesses, provided observation, that it is often proper to
that power is fairlyacquired, but whe- watch and to warn , to use the influ
ther any state possesses its power in ence of our remonstrances and coun
such circumstances, as to enable it to sels, without having recourse, except
1817.1 Analytical Notices. - Encyclopædia Britannica - Supplement. 183
in urgent cases, to the extremity of 1810 , are given with more precision in
arms. the Edinburgh Encyclopædia ; but the
Of the Baltic a very full, and, we author of this article has the advan
are inclined to believe, a very correct tage of having written six years later,
account is given, under the different and can therefore state, that the loan
heads of general description, extent , of £ 3,000,000, with which , in con
depth, level of its waters with those of sideration of the renewal of its char
the ocean, tides, superior and inferior ter, the bank agreed to accommodate
currents , saltness, temperature, winds, government for six years without in
fisheries, coasts, canals and commerce. terest, and which was afterwards con
The plan of the article is faulty, in tinued during the war at aninterest of
embracing too much information, and, 3 per cent., was discharged in theyear
of course, occupying a space out of all 1814; that the additional £ 3,000,000,
due proportion with the rest of the which , in 1808, the directors, in con
work. Under the head of coasts, in sideration of the immense profit ac
particular, the author enters into a cruing from the use of the public
detailed account of towns which he money, agreed to lend to government
should have merely enumerated , leav- without interest, until six months
ing a fuller description of them to be after the conclusion of a definitive
given either under their respective treaty ofpeace, was continued to the
names, or under the names of the public till the 5th of April 1816 ; that,
countries in which they are situated. according to an arrangement then
The same observation will apply to his made, the bank was allowed to add to
account of the rivers which fall into its capital £2,910,600 ; and , in return ,
the Baltic, and the canals which com- the loan of £3,000,000 was continued ,
municate with it. With these excep- at an interest of 3 per cent. In 1746,
tions, we think the article very satis- the advances to government, which
factory . form the undivided capital of the bank ,
The next article which claims our amounted to £ 11,686,800; they now
attention is BANKING. Afte r ex amount to £ 20,686,800. The increase
plaining, in a very satisfactoryman- of its circulation has been amazingly
ner, the purpose for which banks rapid. By the report laid before Para
were originally established , and their liament lately, it appears, that in 1718
general utility, the author proceeds the total amount of Bank of England
to notice some of the recent trans- notes in circulation was £ 1,829,930 ;
actions of the Bank of England , and in April 1816 it was £ 26,594,360.
to describe the effects produced by so Never at any former period have the
powerful an engine on the circula- affairs of this bank been in so flourish
tion and commerce of the country. ing a state as at present. A principal
Most of our readers, perhaps, know , cause of that prosperity is the im
that this bank, the most important in mense amount of the national debt
the world, whether we consider its £830,000,000 ; for the management
wealth, or the amazing extent of its of which the bank receives £ 340 per
transactions, was established , bya char- million for the first £ 600,000,000, and
ter of William and Mary, in July 1694. £300 per million on the excess above
It was projected by William Paterson, £ 600,000,000 . It has likewise an al
a native of Dumfriesshire, who is said lowance of £800 per million on the
to have taken the bank of St George, whole amount of every loan of which
in Genoa, for his model ; and who was it receives the payment ; on every lot
assisted in arranging his plan bytery contract it is allowed £ 1000; and
Michael Godfrey, agentlemanof great it has theuseof all thepublic money
consideration in London. The charter committed to its charge, besides several
was granted for the term of twelve other allowances of less importance.
years ; and the corporation was deter. But for the other sources of its wealth,
minable on a year’s notice. The ori- and the general detail of its business,
ginal capital, lodged by the proprietors we must refer our readers to the arti
in the Exchequer, was £ 1,200,000, cle itself, which will be found equally
for which they received 8 per cent. in- clear in its statements and accurate in
terest, and were allowed by govern- its information . The topics which it
ment, £4000 additional in name of embraces, besides those to which we
house expenses. The detail of the have already adverted, are the “ ad.
transactions of the bank, to the year vantages resulting from the use of
184 Analytical Notices.- Encyclopædia Britannica - Supplement.. [ May
paper in place of specie ; country maxim of ancient philosophy, that na
banks in Britain ; system of banking ture abhors a vacuum ; and to this
in Britain ; mode of settling the daily abhorrence were ascribed all the ef
transactions of the banks in London ; fects which result from atmospherical
disadvantages incident to a currency pressure. An incident, apparently tri
of paper ; policy to be adopted by the vial, first led to the refutation of that
Bank of England in a disordered state absurd opinion. Some artisans in the
of the circulation ; dangers to which service of the Grand Duke of Tus
banks of circulation are exposed ; in- cany, having been employed to con
terruption ofcredit in 1793 and 1797 ; struct a sucking pump fora very deep
suspension of cash payments by the well, were surprised to find, that in
Bank of England, and reasonsfor con- spite of all their care in constructing
tinuing that suspension ; chartered the pump, they could not raise the
banks of Scotland ; * Bankof Ireland ; water higher than 32 feet. For an ex
and Bank of France. planation of this perplexing fact they
Of the article on BANKS FOR Sav- applied to Galileo, whose ingenuity had
INGS we forbear to say any thing at already prepared a complete revolution
present, as the merits of that article in science.Galileo had, by some in
have already been adverted to in our teresting experiments, obtained a tol
former Number, and we believe the erably correct notion of the weight of
subject will soon be resumed . air ; but the horror of a vacuum was
In the account of the BARBARY an established principle, which he had
STATES, which our limits allow us not the boldness to question ; and he
merely to mention, there is some re- endeavoured to explain this seeming
cent and curious information, particu- anomaly, by supposing the influence
larly with regard to the condition of of the horror to be confined within
Christian slaves. certain limits, not exceeding the pres
To the article BAROMETER our at- sure of a column of water 32 feet in
tention must be more particularly di- height. He was dissatisfied with his
rected. The able writer of this article, own explanation ; instituted an ex
beginning with a concise and elegant periment which brought him almost
summary of the opinions of the ancients within sight of the truth ; and com ,
concerning the system of the material municating his doubts and his conjec
world , and shewing how the mutual tures to his disciple Toricelli, led him
opposition of the academicians and pe into the tract of more successful ex
ripatetics discouraged the application periment.
of mathematical reasoning in physical The celebrated experiment of Tori
research, then proceeds to trace the pro- celli, andthe still more decisive expe
gressofexperimental science from the rimentsof Pascal, one of the finest and
wild butbeneficial projects of the al- mostoriginal geniuses thatFrance ever
chemists, through the more sober and produced , at length exploded, though
regular steps which have raised her to not without a violent struggle, the long
her present commanding elevation . received maxim of the abhorrence of a
In this enlightened survey, he is led vacuum ; and proved, with the evi
to mention some of the most curious dence of demonstration , the pressure
and instructive facts in the history of of the atmosphere.--" On the whole,"
knowledge and of the human mind.- says the quihorof a well-written article
It is well known how much , after the on the same subject, in the Edinburgh
restoration of letters, a reverence for Encyclopædia, " the history of this re
antiquity, and particularly for the te- search affords a signal instance of the
netsof Aristotle, repressed the ardour slow and gradual progress of human
of philosophical adventure. It was a knowledge. Galileo proved that the air
was possessed of weight ; Toricelli
conjectured that this fluid caused the
• There are at present in our metropolis ascent of water in pumps, as well as
three banks incorporated by charter ; name- the suspension of mercury in the tube ,
ly, the Bank of Scotland, established by act which bears his name ; and Pascal
of Parliamentin 1695 ; the Royal Bank of converted this conjecture into a de
Scotland, established by royal charter in monstration."-We have been led so
1727 ; and the British Linen Company, far beyondour limits, by the interest
originally incorporated in 1746 , with a ca
pital of £ 100,000, for the encouragement ing nature of these facts, that we
of the linen manufacture. can barely mention the other subjects
 1817.) Analytical Notices . - Encyclopædia Britannica .-- Supplement. 185
which this article embraces. An ac- As a sequel to the article BAROME
count is given of the inventionof the Ter, we have, from the same pen, a
air pump, by Güricke of Magdeburg, paper on BAROMETRICAL MEASURE
about the middle of the seventeenth MENTS . The decisive experiment by
century,-of his statical balance and which Pascal ascertained that the pres
anemoscope : the introduction of ex- sure of the atmosphere diminished ac
perimental science into England, and cording to its elevation , naturally sug
the institution of the Royal Society, gested to him the possibility of mea
are next related ; this naturally leads suring by the barometer the relative
to the mention of some of its most ce- heights of distant places on the sur
lebrated members, as Boyle and Hook, face of the globe. The first attempts,
the latter of whom greatly improved however, were rude, as they proceed
the form of the air pump ; next come ed on the inaccurate supposition that
the experiments of Huygens, who, the lower mass of air is a fuid of uni
from the suspension of mercury in a form density. We regret that our
glass tube exhausted of air, was led to limits prevent us from accompanying
infer the existence of a more subtile Mr Leslie in tracing the successive
fluid , whic he
h called æther : the cis- steps by which the instruments and
tern barometer isthendescribed ; after the rules employed in barometrical
which are detailed the various con- measurement have attained their pre
trivances for enlarging the scale of the sent state of perfection. One interest
variations of the barometer ;-first in ing discovery, however, lately made
order is the barometer of Descartes ; by this mode of distant levelling, we
then the double barometer of Huy- must, in justice to our readers, men
gens, the advantages and disadvan- tion. Two Prussian travellers, Engal
tages of which are pointed out ; next, horde and Parrot, who proceeded, on
the more accurate double barometer, the 13th July 1814, from themouth of
and the wheel barometer of Dr Hook ; the Kuban , on the Black Sea, to the
the inclined barometer, ascribed to Sir mouth of the Terek , on the Caspian,
Samuel Moreland ; the square baro- ascertained, by a series of fifty -one ac
meter of Cassini and Bernoulli ; the curate observations, that the Caspian
conical barometer of Amontons ; the is 334 English feet below the level of
sectoral barometer proposed by Ma- the ocean ; and that, at the distance
gellan ; the adaptation of the differen- of 189 miles from the Caspian, the
tial scale for measuring minute divi- country is depressed to the level of
sions, first proposed by Vernier, early the ocean - thus leaving an immense
in the seventeenth century, but long basin, from which the waters are sup
afterwards strangely neglected ;-the posed to have retired by a subterrane
article next proceeds to mention the ous percolation .
circumstances which influence the va- In the article Bathing, the medi
riations of the barometer, viz. the effect cal and physical effects of the various
of moisture within the barometric kinds of baths, in various circum
tube, —the effect of the width of the stances, as determined by the obser
tube - the uniform convexity of the vations of Wright, Currie, Seguin ,
surface of pure mercury in properly Parr, Haygarth , Fourcroy, Marcard,
constructed barometers, the quantity and other able physicians,are minute
of depression in different tubes, -- the ly and accurately detailed.
application of a leather bag to the sy- The article BEAUTY we opened with
phon barometer,—the effect of heat on peculiar interest ; and though we are:
the barometer, which leads to an ac- very far from agreeing to the theory
count of the successive improvements proposed, and the reasoning by which
of the thermometer ; marine barome- that theory is supported, we are ready
ters are next described, the most ap- to do full homage to the abilities dis
proved kind of which, manufactured by played in the discussion. We cannot
Mr Cary of London , is illustrated by a say, however, that we greatly adınire
figure, in a well executed plate the the style in which the article is com
difficulty of explaining the variations posed . It is distinguished , indeed, by
of the barometer are adverted to, and great vigour of conception , and by a
some hints are thrown out relative to command of language almost peculiar
L these causes. On the whole, we think to its celebrated author ; but the vehe
this a very able article, though, per- mence of its tone, and the dogmatical
haps, a litile too discursive. confidence of its assertions, rernind us
VOL. I. 2 A
186 Analytical Notices .- Edinburgh Encyclopædia . [May
more of the manner of a pleader at wonderful ingenuity; whereas their ex
the bar, anxious at all events to make pedients are few , obvious, and coarse .
good his cause, than of thecalm and of the methods proposed for sup
dispassionate style of a philosophical pressing begging, there seems to be
inquirer- of which Mr Alison and Mr none so deserving of approbation as the
Stewart, in their treatises onthe same scheme ofthe society at Edinburgh for
subject, had given so pleasing speci- that laudable purpose. Nothing can be
mens , We shall not at present at- more judicious than the principles on
tempt any analysis of the contents of which the society proceeds ; and their
this article, as we hope soon to have exertions have met with the success to
a communication on the subject from which they are so well entitled . It is
a correspondent. objected to their plan, by the writer of
Under the article Bee, the many this article, that it is not calculated
curious and interesting facts relative for permanent or general use. Let
to the physiology and economy of their example be generally followed,
these remarkableinsects, which have and there can be little doubt that it
been discovered by the researches of will be found generally beneficial.
Swammerdam , Maraldi, Reaumur, The article on BENEFIT SOCIETIES
Schirach, and Huber, are detailed in proceed from the same pen , and is
a clear and systematic manner : but as marked by the same prepossessions as
thesefacts are now so generally known, the article on Banks for Savings. It
we think it unnecessary to give any is unnecessary, therefore, to say any
analysis of the article. thing of it at present, as another op
Beggar is the next subject that portunity willoffer of examining the
claims our attention. The informa- doctrines and the principles which it
tion contained in this article is chiefly contains.
drawn from the report of a committee Besides the articles to which we
of the House of Commons, appointed , have already adverted , this part of the
in 1815, to inquire into the state of Encyclopædia contains somegood bio
mendicity in the metropolis. Beggars graphical sketches of Joel Barlow ,
are classed into those who beg from Barry, Barthez , Basedow , Beattie,
necessity , and those who beg from Beaumarchais, Beccaria, Beckmann,
choice. With regard to the relative and Beddoes .
numbers of these classes, the informa
tion of the committee was quite con EDINBURGH ENCYCLOPÆDIA , Vol.
tradictory. Two of the witnesses exa XI. Part I.
mined, whose experience was equal or
superior to that of all the rest taken Two differentplans have been adopt
together, asserted, that a proportion as ed by the editors of Encyclopædias,
large as one half were beggars from which may be distinguished by the epi
necessity, and some of them extremely thets of alphabeticaland scientific. In
worthy objects of compassion ; while the Cyclopædia edited by Dr Rees, there
others asserted , that all beggars, with is indeed a vast treasure of valuable
hardly, any exception, were beggars knowledge ; but the plan of that work
from choice. One fact, extremely hon- appears to us, in several respects, es
ourable to the working part of the sentially faulty. One grand objection
community, seems to be well ascer- to it is its extent, which places it far
tained .Of the journeymen in the out of the reach of ordinary readers ;
metropolis, no one is ever known to another objection, the consequence,
beg, though thousands of them , in indeed, of the former, is the enormous
the fluctuations of trade, have been length of most of the articles, which,
reduced to the most cruel privations ; instead of being compendious treatises,
and not a few of them actually starve are prolix and ill digested compila
unpitied and unknown ! The number tions, apparently intended to contain
ofbeggars in the metropolis the com- every thing that seems to bear, how
mittee have been unable to ascertain ; ever remotely, on the subject ; but a
but it appears to be certain that it is still more important objection is the
gradually diminishing. Of the decep- want of unity, occasioned by dividing
tions practised by beggars very erro- a subject into separate departments,
neous notions have been entertained. which are discussed in different, and
In the number and variety oftheir con- often distant, parts of the work . The
trivances they are supposed to exercise Edinburgh Encyclopædia, on the other
1917.] Analytical Notices .-- Edinburgh Encyclopædia. 187

hand, by ajudicious plan ofselection , meleons, geckos, anoles, lizards, taky

reservesa due space for the discussion drome, scinks,efts, and chalcides. The
of important subjects, while it is over- thirdorder comprehends the hylæ or
loaded with no useless and lumber- tree frogs, rana or common frog , bufo
some matter. Its plan is sufficiently ortoad;-these constitute onefamily,
extensive to embrace every thing use- called the batracians, without tails ;
ful in history, literature, and science, the other family (or tailed batracians)
but not so extensive ; and herein lies consists of the salamander, proteus,
its excellence, as to admit of the te- and siren. In treating of the ana
dious and perplexing tautology, which tomy and physiology ofthese reptiles,
is unavoidable when the same subject the authorgives aclear and compré
is brought under the view of the read- hensive account of their motions, sen
er, in different articles, and in various sation , digestion, circulation and ab
forms. The respectable names which sorption, respiration and voice, secre
appear in the list of its contributors tion and excretion, integumation, ge
were, from the first, a pretty sure neration, and hybernation.
pledge of the ability with which it HISTORY is the next article of im
would be conducted ; and the pledge portance. The plan proposed is, first,
has been fully redeemed. Many of to point out and explain the various
its leading articles may be held forth advantages of the study of history ;
as the best treatises which have ap- secondly, to enumerate those branches
peared on their respective subjects ; of study which ought to be entered
and the plan very properly adopted, upon, previous to , or contemporary
of having every article an original com- with, the study of history ; thirdly, to
munication, marked by the signature give a brief and rapid sketch of theor-.
of itsauthor, has excited among the der in which ancient and modern his
contributors a very beneficial emula- tories may most conveniently and ad-!:
tion, and conferred on the work a uni- vantageously be read; fourthly, to
formity of excellence of which none of point out the order in which the his
its rivals can boast. tory of particular countries may be
Our notice of the articles which read, so that they may be illustrative of
this half volume contains must be ex . one another ; fifthly , to notice thedif
tremely brief ; and this we are the ferent species of history, besides what
less disposed to regret, as there are not is emphatically called history . Not
many of them which can be supposed withstanding some defects, this article
to be very generally interesting. The may be perused with considerable ad
first in order is HERPETOlogy, the vantage by those who wish to come.
natural history of reptiles . Under the , mence a regular course of historical
term reptiles,it is observed, naturalists reading.
have generally comprehended all those The account of the province of
tribes of oviparous animals commonly HOLLAND is full of important and in
called amphibia, including both ovipa- terestinginformation . Indeed the geo
rous quadrupeds and serpents ; but in graphical articles of this Encyclopædia
this article it is proposedto considerare distinguished in general by the ex
only the first order, reserving the his. tensive and accurateknowledge which
tory of the serpent tribes for the arti- they display, and by a happy discri
cle Ophrology. The account which mination , which rejects all extraneous
is given of these animals, and of the matter, without omitting any thing
history of the science, is methodical, that it is useful to know . " The lan
clear, and comprehensive ; accompanied guishing state of manufactures and 1
with a full list ofreferences, whichwill commerce in that once flourishing
be found very useful to those whose country, affords a striking exemplifi
attention is directed to this department cation of thevicissitudes of national
of zoology. The reptile tribes are dis- prosperity. We have no room for de
tributedinto three orders, Chelonians, tails , but, as a proof of the declining
Saurians, and Batracians. The first condition ofthe country, wemay state,
order comprehends turtles, of which that, since the year 1732, the popula
there are six species, and tortoises,of tion of this province had , even previ.
which there are fifty -two species. The ous to 1796, decreased by one thir
second order comprehends crocodiles, teenth of the whole ; that, except the
dragon , basilisk, tupinambis, guana, internal trade with Germany, its coin
flying-dragon, agamas, stellios , cha- merce is alınost annihilated; thatmany
188 Analytical Notices. - Edinburgh Encyclopædia. [ May
of its principal manufactures have gone pivot-holes ; 5. machinery for going
to decay ; and that the only one which in time of working, invented by Har
is on the increase, is the distillation rison -- a contrivance of his own for
of ardent spirits. thispurpose is described by Mr Reid ;
The article New Holland supplies 6. the dividing or cutting engine ; 7.
the information, which the publica- equation -clocks, an ingenious contriv .
tion of Captain Flinders ' discoveries ance to show both mean and apparent
has put us in possession of respecting time, invented in London about 120
this island,since the article Austral- years since ; 8. repeating clocks and
asia waswritten. The author of these watches ; 9. compensation -pendulums,
articles, however, seems to have known two kinds of which have been invent
nothing of the journeys of Mr Evans ed by Mr Reid , the one with a zinc
and Governor Macquarrie into the in- tube and steel rods, the other with a
terior - a deficiency which, we doubt glass tube ; 10. wooden pendulum
not, the attention of the Editor will rods, on which Mr Reid made some
take the earliest opportunity ofsupply- experiments, which he details ; 11. on
ing. In other respects the article is the sympathy or mutual action of the
valuable; containing an accurate and pendulums of clocks; 12. on turret
well-digested account of the coasts clocks; 13. on the method of fitting
and bays, the mineralogy, botany, and upastronomical clocks ; 14. on chimes
zoology, of this immense island ; of and bells.
To the amateurs of gardening, the
its inhabitants, their arts, manners , and
customs. article HORTICULTURE must prove an
Our attention is next arrested by a exquisite treat ; while to the practical
very long article on Horology. We gardener it will afford much valuable
are toldby the Editor, that he is in- instruction. It is evidently written
debted for this article to Mr Thomas by a person who not only understands
Reid ; and this may be regarded as a the subject in all its practical details ,
pretty sure pledge of its technical ac- but who has brought to that delights
curacy On the whole, we consider it ful study an eleganttaste, and a phi
as the best account of horology that we losophical mind. We cannot afford,
have seen, so far as the practical part at present, to give any analysis of so
of it is concerned ; and as manyof the long an article, or even to mention the
improvements on various branches of various topics which it comprehends.
the art were invented by MrReid him. His own definition of HORTICULTURE ,
self, no person , surely, could be better however, will give some idea of the
qualified to describe them . The de- principal branches into which the sub
partments of this curious art we shall ject is divided. “ By the term horti
inerely mention ,in the order in which culture,” he observes, “is to be un
they occur in Mr Reid's description . derstood the whole management of a
1. The escapement, or scapement, that garden, whether intended for the pro
part of a clock or watch connected duction of fruit, of culinary vegeta
with their beats on this part of the bles, or of flowers. The formation of
machinery Mr Reid has made several a garden may be included also , to a
improvements; connected with the certain extent, under this subject :
escapement is the remontoir, the in- draining, enclosing, and the forming
tention of which is, that the move- of screen plantations and hedges, may
ment passing through the wheels be considered as parts of horticulture,
should, at intervals, be made either to while the generalsituation of the fruit
wind up a small weight, or to bend and the flower gardens, in regard to
up a delicate. spring, which alone the mansion -house, and the position
should give its force to the 'scape- of some of their principal component
ment; by which meansthe pendulum parts, as shrubberies, hot-houses, par
or balance was supposed to be always terres, and walks, belong more pro
impelled by an equal and uniforin perly to landscape-gardening.”
force - Mr Reid has described a re- Thus we have adverted, in a very
montoir which he applied to the clock cursory manner, to the leading articles
of St Andrew's Church in Edinburgh ; in this half-volume. It contains, be
2. the compensation-balances, intend- sides, several excellent articles in bio
ed to counteract the effects of heat and graphy, geography, &c. On the whole,
cold on time-keepers ; 3. balance or we think that this number supports
pendulum springs ; 4. jewellery of well the credit of its predecessors.
1817. ) Literary and Scientific Intelligence. 189

LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INTELLIGENCE.

A NEW instrument, called a Capillary easily increased from three to seven miles an
Hydrometer, for measuring the strength hour. The weight of the machinery will
not be more than three tons, and the space
andspecific gravityof spirituous liquors, has
lately been invented by Dr Brewster. The it will occupy is comparatively small:
principle of the instrument is to determine Mr J. B. Emmett of Hullhas published
the specific gravity from the number of some experiments, which he made during
drops contained in a small glass bulb, so the summer of last year, with the view of
that we bave only to fill this bulb with any ascertaining whether a gas might not be ob
mixture of alcohol and water, and count tained from oil, equal to that obtained from
the number of drops necessaryto empty it. coal, soas to preventthe injury threatened
When a bulb about 1} inch in diameter to the Greenland trade by the rapidly in ,
was filled with water, it yielded only 724 creasing use of the latter in the lighting of
drops,whereas, with ordinaryproofspirits, towns, & c. By distilling various oils, pre
it yielded 2117 drops, giving no fewer than viouslymixed with dry sand or pulverized
a scale of 1393 drops for measuring specific clay, at a temperature little below ignition,
gravities from 0.920 to 1.000 . A correction he obtained a gas which appeared to be a
must be made for temperature as in all other mixture
carburet
of carburetted hydrogen and super
instruments. ted hydrogen gases. This gas pro
A remarkable fossil has lately been dis. duces a flame equally brilliant, and often
covered in the parish of Alford , in the coun- much more brilliant than that produced
ty of Surrey, some miles east of Guildford. from coal. It differed very little in quality,
It was found about eight feet under the whether obtained from mere refuse, or from
surface in a bed of clay. Above the clay, in good whale sperm , almond or olive oil, or
that particular part, is a bed of gravel, which tallow. The gas,when burnt, produces no
extends to a considerable distance east and smoke, andexhales no smell or unpleasant
west, and varies in breadth from eleven vapour. Whatever oil is used , it evolves
yards to about forty, and has the appear- much more light when burnt as gas than
ance of having been the bed of a river. when consumed as oil ; in the latter case ,
The fossil consists of hard clay covered with the flame is obscured by a quantity of soot ;
thin rectangular scales, lying in a regular in the former, the soot remains in the dis
order, about of an inch long and broad. tilling vessel, and the flame burns with a
These scales have been analyzed by Dr clear light.
Thomson, and found to consist of The water of the ebbing and flowing
Animal matter , 11.37 spring lately discovered in the harbour of
Phosphate of lime, 65.51 Bridlington , Yorkshire, and described in
Carbonate of lime, 19.65 the Philosophical Transactions for 1815, by
Loss, 3.47 Dr Storer, has been found to possess many
excellent properties, and been administered
100.00 with decided benefit in numerous cases of
This is nearly the composition of the scales chronic disease. It has been analyzed by
of fishes as determined by Mr Hatchet. Mr Hume of Long -Acre, who finds that
A new mineral, consisting of sulphate of great purity is oneof its most distinguishing
barytes and carbonate of strontian, has been properties, in which it may vie with Mala
lately discovered at Stromness, in the Ork. verne well ; that although this stream is so.
neyIslands, by Dr Thomas Traill of Liver nearly connected with the sea, whichcovers
pool. An account of the analysis of this itswhole vicinity twice a day, yet it is alto
mineral by Dr Traill, was read at one of gether free frommuriate of soda, every kind
the late meetings of the Royal Society of of sulphate, and magnesia. It is little hea
Edinburgh. He proposes to call it bary- vier than distilled water, and contains no
strontianite from its composition , or strom- other aëriform substance than carbonic acid ,
nessite from its locality.N.B. We have The solid contents of a wine gallon amount
seen specimens of this mineral, and conjec- to 134 grains, consisting of carbonate of
ture that it is a compound of the two known lime, 3.750 ; silex , and a little oxide of iron ,
species, carbonate of strontian and sulphate about .125.
of barytes, and that with care the two mi. The Rev. F. H. Wollaston has submitted
neralsmight be separated from eachother. to the Royal Societya descriptionof a ther.
A new artificial horizon has lately been mometer constructed by him , for deter
invented by Mr White of Kinross, of which mining the height of mountains, insteadof
an account will be found among our Origi. the barometer. It is well known, that the
nal Communications. temperature at which water bo diminishes
Mr W. K. Northall of Wolverhampton as the height ofthe place increases at which
announces, that he has discovered a new the experiment is made ; and this diminu .
method of propelling boats by steam . The tion was suggested , first by Fahrenheit, and
Velocity of the boat may, by this plan, be afterwards by Mr Cavendish, as a medium
190 Literary and Scientific Intelligence. [May
for determiningthe heightsof places above sentries placed around his dwelling, keeps
the sea . Mr Wollaston's instrument is as himself within doors, and passes his time in
sensible as the common mountain barome- dictating his memoirs to MM . Las Casas ,
ter. Every degree of Fahrenheit on it oc . De Montholon , and Bertrand . Our govern
cupies thelength of an inch. The thermo- ment, however, it appears, are not more dis
meter, with the lamp and vessel for boiling posed to grant facilities to the execution of
water, when packed into a case , weighs the work of the imperial historian, than they
about 11 lb. It is sufficiently sensible to were to the execution of his Berlin and Mi
point out the difference in height between lan decrees. To a late application of a Lon
the floor and the top of a common table. don publisher, for permission to communi
The difference, on two trials with it, com-cate with Bonaparte on the subject of pub
pared with the same heights, measured by lishing his work, a direct refusal was given
General Roy by the barometer, did not ex- by Earl Bathurst.
ceed two feet. Two lizards were lately discovered in a
Dr Leach, of the British Museum , has chalk -bed in Suffolk , sixty feet below the
recently printed a very complete Catalogue surface ; and the publication of this fact has
of Birdsand Quadrupeds, which are natives producedthe following affidavit :-We Wil
of Great Britain. It is perhaps the most liam Mills and John Fisher , both of the
correct Catalogue which , in our present im- parish of Tipton, in thecounty of Stafford ,
perfect knowledge of British Ornithology, do hereby certify and declare, that a few
has been as yet compiled. years ago, in working in a certain coal -pit
Dr Leach has submitted to the Linnæan belongingto the Right Hon.Viscount Dud
Society a description of a species of deer ley and Ward, at what is called the Pieces,
called the Wapiti, found on the banks of in the parish of Tipton aforesaid , and on
the Missouri. Four of theseanimals, which cleaving or breaking the stratum of coal,
are extremely gentle, docile, and elegant, which is about four feet thick , and in that
brought from America by Mr Taylor, are situation lies about fifty yards from the sur
now exhibiting in the King's Mews. It is face of the earth , we discovered a living
said to be domesticated by the natives of reptile of the snake or adder kind , lying
America ; and Mr Taylor is of opinion that coiled up , imbedded in a small hollow celi
it might be used with advantage in this within the solid coal, which mightbe about
country, in many cases, as a substitute for twenty tons in weight. The reptile, when 2

horses. discovered, visibly moved , and soon after

Mr Beech, a chemist of Manchester, on wards crept out of the hole ; but did not
the important subject of gas-lights, states, live longer than ten minutes on being ex
that the oil of bitumen , or coal tar, which' posed to the air. The hollow in which it
is considered as waste by those who make lay was split in two by means of an iron
and burn gas, if mixed with dry saw -dust, wedge, and was rather moist at the bottom ,
exhaustedlogwood , or fustic, to the con- but had no visible water. It was nearly
sistence of paste, and allowed to remain the size of a common tea -saucer ; and the
until the water has drained off ,—2 cwt. of reptile was about nine inches long, of a
the mass, being put into the retort instead darkish ashy colour, and a little speckled.
of coals, will produce more gas, and be less
offensive, than the same quantity of cannel FRANCE .
coal ; and the process may be repeated until THE Musée Impérial-Royal has again
the whole of the tar is consumed . This, he been opened for public inspection ; and not
says, will not only be a saving of aboutone withstanding thepretty large draftsupon it
half the expense of coals, but will add to by Messrs Blucher, Canova , and Co. it is
cleanliness andneatness, as the residuumis still perhaps entitled to rank asthe richest
well known to have a very offensive smell. collection in the world . It contained , before
It has been generally believed , that Bona- the restitutions, 1,233 pictures. The cata
parte was occupied in writing, a history of logue now published comprehends 1,101
his eventful life. Santini, his huissier du pieces : of these the French school furnishes
cabinet, lately returned from St Helena, 233, some artists, not deemed formerly
states, that the work isalready considerably worthy a place, being now admitted. The
advanced , having reached the termination German and Flemishschools seem nearly as
of the Egyptian expedition, but that its numerous as before, though some of the best
future progress was in some measure arrest- works are wanting.
ed by difficulties in procuring certain printed The petition of the booksellers of Paris,
documents, a set of the author's military for the repeal or reduction of the heavy du
bulletins, and the Moniteur from France. ties on the importation of foreign books into
So far as written , every year is said to form France, has received attention from the
a large volume in manuscript ; and it is government. By the new tarif, books print
computed that the whole, when completed, ed in foreign countries, in the dead or fo
might extend to eight or ten printed volumes reign languages, are only subjected to a
in quarto. Bonaparte, who has at all times duty of 10 francs per 50 kilogrammes mé
been particularly careful of his own personal triques, about 2 cwt.
safety, not choosing to run the risk of being Madame de Stael is said to have sold her
fired upon by some one of the numerous Memoirs of M. Neckar (her father ) to an
1817.] Literary and Scientific Intelligence. 191
association of English , French , and German out injury to the workman , in the art of
booksellers, for £ 4,000 : the work is to ap- gilding , the same subject is proposed anew
pear in the three languages at the same for 1818..Two other prizes , gold medals,
time. of the value of 3,000 francs each , remain
Areport made to the council-general of ing also unmerited by any of thememoirs
hospitals in Paris, relative to the state of which they have produced, are in like man
those establishments from 1803 to 1814, ner offered again for 1818. The subject
contains some important facts. They are of the first is , “ To determine the rise of
divided into two classes, called hopitaux the thermometer in mercury comparatively
and hospices ; the former , ten in number, with its rise in air from 20 below 0 to 200
being designed for the sick and diseased ; centigr. ; the law of cooling in a vacuum ;
and the latter, which amount to nine, af. the law of cooling in air, hydrogen gas, and
fording a provision for helpless infancy, and carbonic acid gas, to different degrees of
poor persons afflicted with incurable infir- temperature, and according to different
mities. The Hotel Dieu , the most ancient states of rarefaction. The subject of the
of the hospitals, contains 1200 beds. The second prize is, “ to determine the chemi
general mortality in the hospitals has been cal changes which fruits undergo during
i in 7}, and in the hospices 1 in 6) ; and and after their ripening.” Another prize
it has been more considerable among the to the same amount is offered for 1819, for
women than the men . It is found, that the following subject : - " To determine by
wherever rooms of the same size are placed accurate experiments the defraction of lu
one over another, the mortality is greatest minous raysdirect and reflected, when they
in the uppermost. In the Hospice de l'Ac. pass separately or simultaneously near the
couchement, in 1814 , there were delivered extremity of one or many bodies of an ex .
2,700 females, of whom 2,400 acknowledged tent either limited or indefinite.”
that they were unmarried. In the ten years On the firstday ofthe publication of
from 1804 to 1814, there were admitted Germanicus at Paris, 1,800 copies were sold .
into the Hospice d'Allaitement, or Found. The copyright has been purchased for 4,500
ling Hospital, 23,468 boys, and 22,463 francs,
girls, total 45,921 children , only 4,130 of The grand desideratum of rendering sea
whom were presumed to be legitimate. The water potable, seems at length to be obtained
mortality of infants in the first year after by simple distillation. TheFrench chemists
their birth was under 2-7ths. During the have been unable to discover in distilled sea
ten years, 355,000 sick were admitted into water, any particle of salt or soda, in any
the hospitals, and 59,000 poor personsinto form ; and it is ascertained that one cask
the hospices. The total number that re- of coals will serve to distil six casks of water .
ceived relief out of these establishments in essel going on a voyage of discovery, by
1813, which gives aboutthe averageof that order of theFrench government, com
period, was 103,000, of whom 21,000 be- manded by M. Freycinet, will only take
longed to the department of the Seine.- ' fresh water for the first fortnight, and, in .
Some pains have been taken to ascertain the stead thereof, coals, which will be but one
different causes of mental derangement. It sixth of the tonnage ; distilled sea water
appears, that among the maniacs the num- being perfectly as good as fresh water that
ber of women is generally greater than that has been a fortnight on board .
of men . Among the younger females, love M. Dorion has discovered that the bark
is the most common cause of insanity ; and of the pyramidal ash, in powder, thrown
among the others jealousy or domestic dis- into the boiling juice of the sugar-cane,
cord. Among the younger class of males, effects its clarification. The planters of Mar
it is the too speedy developement of the tinique and Gaudaloupe have given him
passions, and with theothers, the derange- 200,000 ancs for communicating his dis
ment of their affairs, that most frequently covery .
produces this effect. The calamities of the Perpetual Motion. MrMaillardetofNeu
revolution were another cause of madness chatel announces, in a foreign journal, that
in both sexes ; and it is worthy of remark , he has succeeded in resolving the celebrat
that the men were mad with aristocracy, ed problem of perpetualmotion, so long re
the women with democracy. Excessive garded as a scientific chimera. The piece
grief occasioned lunacyin themen ; whereas of mechanism to which he applies his prin
the minds of the females were deranged by ciple, is thus described : It is a wheel,
ideas of independence and equality. around the circumference of which there is
The National Institute of France has this a certain number of tubes , which alternate
year adjudged the prize, founded by Lalande ly radiate or turn in towards the centre,
for the most interesting observation or the rendering the moving power at one time
most useful memoir in astronomy, M. strong , at another weak ; but preserving
Bessel,director of theRoyal Observatory of throughout such an intensity offorce, that
Konigsberg . As the Institute has received it is necessary to keep it in check by a re
no satisfactory memoir for the premium of gulator.
3,000 francs left by thelate M. Ravrio, for M. M. Majendie and Pelletier have coma
any person who should discover a process municated to the Academy of Sciences at
by which mercury may be employed , with , Paris, an interesting discovery upon ipeca
192 Literary and Scientific Intelligence. [May
cuanha. It appears that these gentlemen ITALY.
have succeeded in separating the principal M. Niebuhr, the Prussian cnvoy at Rome,
substance to which the good effects of ipeca- has discovered , in the Vatican Library, the
cuanha in medicine are owing, from those fragment yet wanting in Cicero's Oration
adjuncts which giveit that odour and taste pro Marcó Rabiro, and a fragment of the
so disagreeable to invalids. They have Oration pro Plancio. These two fragments
named this principal substance hemetine. were discovered in the same MS . from
A great number of experiments and obser- which Amaduzzi has already extracted an
vations have been made, which fully con- unpublished fragment of Livy. The learn
firm the truth of the discovery. ed Prussian envoy has also found some
The recent sale of the library of the late passages of the Works of Seneca.
Count Macarthy affords a standard for There is reason to hope that the research
judging of the force of the bibliomania in es, which are actively continued at Pompeji,
France. Among articles which fetched the will soon lead to important discoveries.
highest prices were the following : The works in the interior of the Forum of
Psalmorum Codex, Mogunt. 1457, fol. sold that ancient town, have already begun to
for 12,000 francs. lay open a peristyle of six columns, which
Psalmorum Codex , Mogunt. 1459, fol. must doubtless have belonged to some tem
3350 fr. ple. The number of labourers has been
G. Durandi Rationale Divinorum Offici . increased. The portico around the arena of
orum , Mogunt. 1459 , fol. 2000 fr. the amphitheatre is already completely
Speculum Humanæ Salvationis, fol. 1320 fr. cleared ; and Padiglione, an able artist, has
( The same copy sold in 1769 for 1600 fr.) received directions to make a model of that
Historia Beatæ Mariæ Virginis, per figuras, monument on a small scale.
fol. 1560 fr. ( Sold in 1769 for 352 fr.) By more recent accounts we learn , that
Ciceronis Officiorum , libri iii.Mogunt. 1465, magnificent monuments of ancient splen
sm . fol. 801 fr. dour still continue to be discovered in search
Ciceronis Officiorum ,libri iii. Mogunt. 1466 , ing the ruins of Pompeji. Behind the tem .
sm . fol. 1190 fr. ple lately noticed, a public buildinghas
Gul. Ficheti Rhetorica, 4to . (One of the been found , built at right angles, 260 Nea
first books printed at Paris about 1470. ) politan palms long, and 120 broad , and sur
501 fr. rounded in the interior by a portico of 50
Biblia in Lingua Vulgare, 1471 , 2 vols fol. columns. It is ornamented with beautiful
1199fr.(Sold at the Dukede la Vallière's paintings, some of which are very valuable ;
sale, in 1784, for 720 fr.) among othersone which represents a warrior
Quinctiliani Instit. Orator. Venet. 1471 , fol. precipitated from a car drawn by fiery
1515 fr. horses. The pavement is of Mosaic, formed
Virgilii Opera, 1472, fol. 2440 fr. in part small white and coloured stones ,
Anthologia Græca, 4to, Florent. 1494, and in part of large slabs of marble of va
1000 fr. rious colours. Several inscriptions have
Apollonia Rhodia Argonauticon, libri iv. been traced that ascertained theuse of this
4to , Florent. 1496. 1755 fr. monument. One of them indicates, that the
La Bible Historiée, traduite du Latin de right, luminum obstruendorum (a right es
Pierre Comestor, par Guyard Desmoulins, tablished by the Roman laws, preventing, in
Paris , fol. with 410 miniatures. 1202 fr. certain cases, neighbouring proprietors from
Missale Mozarab. fol. Toleti, 1500, et Bre. having lights or prospects over the contigu
viarum Mozarab , ib . 1502, fol. 1020 fr. ous estates) had been purchased at the price
EuripidiiOpera, studio Jos. Barnes, Cantab. of several thousand sesterces. This discovery
1694 , fol. 1800 fr. has afforded new riches to sculpture- seve
Xenophontis Opera, Oxon . 1703, 5 tom . in ral statues have been found. A Venus, five
6 vols 8vo, large paper. 1960 fr. palms high, and a Hermaphrodite, may be
Xenophontis Cyropædia , Oxon. 1727, fol. et placed among the finest specimens of the
Xenophontis de Cyri Expeditione, libri vii. Greek chisel that have come down to us .
Oxon . 1735, fol. large paper. 2550 fr. Several distinguished artists think, that in
Thuani Historiæ , Lond. 1733, 7 tom. fol. this Venus they have discovered one worthy
bound in 14 volş, large paper. 1225 fr. to dispute pre- eminence with the Venus de
Medicis. "This opinion , inspired perhaps
GERMANY .
by the pleasure of the discovery, may be,
Professor Kanngiesser of Breslaw has an . before long, discussed, as these precious
nounced an extensive work, in Latin , on monuments of sculpture are to be trans
archaiology, in which he promises some im- ported to the Musée Bourbon. In the same
portant discoveries in that science. place have been found two arms of bronze,
Goëthe has produced the fourth volumeof adorned with bracelets. The Chevalier
his Life, which he is publishing under the Ardite, who directs the search, hopes to be
whimsical title of Truth and Fiction. enabled , in a short time,to expose the whole
Professor Berzelius has just discovered a extent of Pompeji, which will probably be
new earth , to which he has given the name a mine fruitful in objects of thefine arts.
of thorite, from the Scandinavian god Thor. Andrea Mustoxidi, a young native of
1817. ] Literary and Scientific Intelligence. 193
Corcyra, who has already obtained some li- other accidents. In 1807, Dr Hennig pro .
terary distinction, has addressed a letter to posed that copies should be procured of all
the Abbaté Morelli, the learned librarian of the original acts relative to Livonia, Estho
St Mark, on the four celebrated Venetian nia, and the island of Oesel,preserved at
horses, commonly supposed to be the work Konigsberg, in the archives of the grand
of Lysippus. In this tract, printed at Pa- master of the order to which these provinces
dua , and dedicated to Lord Holland, the formerly belonged . The proposal was ap.
author successfully combats the opinion proved by the nobility of the provinces, and
which gives a Roman origin to these monu. DrHennigappointedto carry it into exe
ments, and employs allhis erudition and cution. With the permission of the Prus
sagacity to prove that they came originally sian government, that scholar proceeded to
from the isle of Chio . This notion has Konigsberg in 1809, and in 1812 had sent
since been adopted by the celebrated Ger- off copies of 2000 documents. As the un
man writer, F.Schlegel. dertaking proved too burdensome for the
nobility , by whom it was previously sup
NETHERLANDS . ported , the Emperor Alexander, at the in
Safety Lamp.„ Mr Van Mons has com- stance of Karamsin , the historiographer,
municated the gratifying intelligence , that granted a yearly sum for its prosecution.
the safety lamp of Davy has completely The copies have since that time been for
succeeded in the Netherlands. “ Fortified warded to Petersburgh, to be employed by
with it,” he says , “ we can penetrate into Karamsin for his history of the Russian
the foulest mines. We have even opened empire, and then deposited in the archives
depots of gas, and procured its mixture with of foreign affairs. This enterprise is now
the proportion of atmospheric air,calculated completed, and3160 documents, on subjects
to produce the most prompt inflammation of interest for the history of the north, have
and the strongest explosion,
has never taken fire. We use but the gas been rescued
gauże made sources for thefrom oblivion, to furnish new
historian .
of stronger wire than with you , in order to The Bible Society of Petersburg has re
guard against any exterior damage from the ceived from England the stereotype plates
awkwardness of workmen, and to prevent for printing the NewTestament in modern
the men from opening the lamp ; we have Greek, with which 300,000 copies may be
also adopted the expedientof a small pade taken off. The sphere of action of this
lock , with the key of which the master society is rapidly extending. At Tula and
miner is intrusted. The heating of the Woronesch , the auxiliary societies formed
gåuze cloth , however intense it may be, is there have opened shops for the special pur
not attended with any danger , for iron the pose of selling the Holy Scriptures. Paul,
most incandescent will not affect gas ; no- the Armenian patriarchat Constantinople ,
thing but flame will kindle it. Some at- has also declared his willingness to co-ope
tempts have been madeto light a mine by rate in the object of theBible Society ; and
means of its gas , but I am not acquainted even the heathen Buraits of Siberia have
with the result. I should think that such a intimated their ardent wish to possess " the
project would be attended with many diffi. word of the only God,” (according to their
culties.” own expression in their memorial addressed
Hydrophobia .- Mr Van Mons has suc- to the civil governor of Irkutsk ), in the
ceeded in curing all cases of hydrophobia Mongol language, and have voluntarily.
by means of oxygenated muriatic acid , em- subscribed more than 9000 rubles towards
ployed both internally and externally; which the expense of printing it. The emperor
proves that in this malaly the moral holds has granted tothe BibleSocietyof this city
powers.
the physicalmay
in dependencehydrophobia All the privilege of establishing a printing -office
beconsi- at Abo.
cases of tardy
dered as the effect of imagination . Exam- The Berlin Gazette gives the following
ples have occurred of the disease reaching account of Von Kotzebue's voyage round
its last stage, when ithas been completely the world, which has been received from
dissipated by the sight of the animal by Kamschatka. Letters of an earlier date,
which the patient was bitten . which, after having doubled Cape Horn , he
sent from the coast of Chili, have been lost,
RUSSIA or at least are not yet come to hand. M.
Baron Ungern -Sternberg began , many Von Kotzebue discovered three new islands
years since, to search the archives and pri- in the South Sea, in 14 ° of latitude, and
vate libraries in Livonia for documents 144 ° of longitude, to which he gave the
tending to complete or illustrate the history names of Romanzow (the author of the ex
of that province. Of these he collected pedition ), Spiridon, and Krusenstern. Be
several thousands, and had them printed , sides these , he discovered a long chain of
with the assistance of Professor Brotze of islands in the same quarter, and two clus
Riga, under the title of Diplomatic Codex ters of islands in the 11th degree of latitude
of Livonia. This work, however, left several and 190th degree of longitude. (It is not
chasms, which it was the more difficult to specified whether the latitude is N ,heorcalled
S.or
fill up, as manyof the archives of this pro- the longitude E. or W.). These
vince had been destroyed by fire, war, and after his ships, Rurich's Chain ; the two
Vol . I. 2 B
194 Works preparing for Publication . [May
latter, Kutusof's Cluster (a group ), and pened since that time, which has made
Suwarrof's Cluster. All these islands are them distrustful of the Europeans: perhaps
covered with wood, partly uninhabited, and it may be the overturning of their surpris
dangerous for navigators. The discoverer inglylarge statues, which Kotzebue looked
has sent to Count Romanzof a great many for in vain , and found only the ruins of one
maps and drawings. Onthe 12th July 0. S. of them near its base, which still remains.
Kotzebue designed to sailfrom Kamschatka He saw no fruits from the seeds left by La
toBehring's Straits, according to his instruc. Peyrouse, nor any sheep orhogs, which by
tions. He hopes to return to Kamschatka this time must have multiplied exceedingly .
in September 1817. On the whole voyage A single fowl was brought him for sale . It
seems we may hope much from this young
from Chili to that place, he had not a single
seaman , who is not yet thirty years of age.
person sick on board . He touched at Easter
Island, but did not find the inhabitants so He was obliged, for many reasons, to leave
friendly as La Peyrouse describes them . the learned Žane, Wormskrold , behind in
He thinks that something must have hap- Kamschatka.

WORKS PREPARING FOR PUBLICATION.

Dr DRAKE , the elegant author of the A Poem will speedily be published, by

Literary Hours, has a new work in the the Right Hon. Sir Wm Drummond, un
press , entitled, Shakspeare and his Times : der thetitle of Odin. This poem is cona
includingthe biography of the poet,criti. nected with themost interesting era of the
cisms on hisgenius and writings, a disqui- northernmythology, and refers principally
sition on the object of his sonnets, a new to the origin of the Gothic empire, which
chronology of his plays, and a history of the
manners, customs, and amusements — su .
theauthor,
of the poet, availinghimself of thesome
and offering besides privilege
pro
perstitions, poetry , and elegant literature, of bable conjectures, supposes to have been
his age. foundedby Pharnaces. ?

Mr John Bell has in the press a new The third part of Neale's Illustrated His
work, in royal octavo, entitled, The Con- lished
tory of Westminster Abbey will be pub
sulting Surgeon. the 1st of July.
DrJ. A.Paris is preparing a Descriptive A new edition of Philidor on Chess is
Catalogue of the Geological Specimens de nearly ready, with considerable improve
posited in the Museum of the Royal Geo. ments, and an originalportrait of
logical Society of Cornwall ; interspersed the author.
The fifth edition is nearly ready for pub
with observations tending to shew the eco- lication of " The Genuine Epistles of the A.
nomical application of geology to the agri- postolical Fathers, St Barnabas, St Ignatius,
cultural, mining, and commercial interests Clement
St , St Polycarp, Shepherd of Hers
of the county of Cornwall. mas , and Martyrdoms of St Ignatius and
Mr Parkinson of Hoxton , intends to St Polycarp ;” translated and published,
publish , in the course of May, an Essay on with a preliminary discourse, by William ,
the Disease calledthe Shaking Palsy. late Archbishop of Canterbury.
Sir William Adams has in the press an The Rev. Henry Rutter has in the press
Inquiry into the Causes of the frequent fail- a Key to the Old Testament, or a summary
ure of the Operations of extracting and de- View of its several Books, pointing out the
pressing the Cataract, and the description of persons, events, and ordinances, that were
an improved series of operations. figurative of Christ and his Church ; with a
Dr Coote is printing the History of Eu- more minute detail of the Psalms and the
rope, from the Peace of Amiens in 1802 to Prophetic Writings.
the Peace of Paris in 1815. An Essay is printing, on Capacity and
A History of Whitby, with a Statistical Genius ; endeavouring to prove that there
Survey of the Vicinity to the distance of is no original mental superiority between
twenty-five miles, by the Rev. George the most illiterate and the most learned of
Young ; with the assistance of some papers mankind ; and that no genius, whether in
left by the late Mr R. Winter, and some dividual or national, is innate, but solely
materials furnished by Mr John Bird ; is produced by, and dependent on, circum
in the press, and will be published early in stances ; followed by an Inquiry into the
July. Nature of Ghosts, and other Appearances
Shortly will be published , an Historical supposed to be supernatural.
Display of the Effects of Physical and Mo- Speedily will be published, in foolscap
ral Causes on the Character and Circum- 8vo, Evening Hours, a collection of original
stances of Nations ; including a comparison poems.
of the ancients and moderns, in regard to Speedily will be published , a Medico
their intellectual and social state ; by Mr chirurgical and Biographical Chart of Mee
John Bigland. dical Science, from Hippocrates to the pre
1817.) Works preparing for Publication. 195
sent time. It exhibits, in a condensed form , Syntax, is engaged upon a new poetical
the progress and presentstate of that Science, work, entitled The Dance of Life, which
with short Notices of the most eminent will be accomplished with 24 engravings
Authors in this and other countries. from Rowlandson .
Mr Bagster has been engaged for some The First Volume of the Elgin Marbles,
time in printing a Polyglott Bible, in one with an Historical and Topographical Ac
4to volume. He proceeds with the care count of Athens, illustratedby about 40
which so important a work demands ;-- the plates, drawn from the original sculptures,
First Part, containing the Pentateuch , is and etched by the Rev. F. J. Burrow , will
now ready for delivery. It had been con speedily appear.
sidered a desideratum in literature, for a Dr Brown of St Germains, Cornwall, is
Student to have a Polyglott Bible, contain preparing for the press a workon the Irri
ing the original texts and the versionsused gation of Land , which he will treat in a
bythe ancient churches, in a portable form , perfectly novel manner.
and at a moderate price ; and the present The Rev. Edward Cooper has in the
minor Polyglott Bible, it is expected, will press, in a 12mo volume, Letters addressed
fully answer these wishes. Another class to a serious and humble Inquirer after Di.
of readers will be gratified, by the above vine Truth , with a peculiar aspect to the
work being printed in four small pocket circumstances of the present times.
volumes, each language a complete volume, Mr Merrick has nearly ready for the
possessing this peculiar excellence , that by press , a Translation of a Treatise on the
the pages of each volume agreeing with General Principles of Chemical Analysis, in
every other, any two languages may be 1 volume 8vo.
interleaved together ; and thus united in Dr Wilson Phillips is about to publish
one volume, will not exceed the thickness an Experimental Inquiry into the Laws of
of the common Pocket Bible . A fuller dis- the Vital Functions, with some Observations
play of the whole work is exhibited in a on the Nature and Treatment of Internal
Prospectusof 32 pages, which is delivered Diseases.
gratis ; and which also details the nature of Mr Thomas Gurton of Alcester is about
a supplementaryvolume, entitled " Scrip- to publish a Midland Flora, which will
ture Harmony ;" being a Concordance of comprise descriptions ofPlants indigenous
parallel passages, agreeing page with page to the central counties of England ; it will
with thepocket volumes. be illustrated by plates engraved by Mr
Mr Thomas Taylor is engaged inwriting James Sowerby.
a Treatise on Infinite Series , in which he Mr Kendall has in the press, a Proposal
professes, by a notation somewhat analogous for establishing in London a New Philan
to that of decimals, to have discovered thropical and Patriotic Institution , to be
expressions, which, when expanded , will called the PATRIOTIC METROPOLITAN
give infinite series, not to be obtained COLONIAL INSTITUTION, for assisting
by any other method at present known . New Settlers in his Majesty's Colonies, and
One among these is an expression , the for encouraging New Branches of Colonial
expansion of which produces the series Trade ; with a Postscripton the Benefits to
1- + - + - IT, & c., invented by be derived from establishing Free Drawing
Leibnitz, and which is equal to the area of Schools, and Schools of the Mathematics,
a circle whose diameter is 1. Another ex- and on other means of advancing the Na
pression, when expanded , gives the series tional Industry and Population .
1 + 4 + 5 + ió + 23, & c. equal to the sixth Mr William Mackenzie has in the press,
part of the squareof the circumference when the Swiss Patriots, a new Poem ; also, á
the diameter is one. new edition , with additions, of the Sorrows
Mr Ackerman will shortly publish the of Seduction, and other Poems.
first number of a series of Incidents of En- The Rudiments of the Latin Tongue ;
glish Bravery during the late Campaigns revised by the Rev. John Muckersy, West
on the Continent, printed by the lithogra- Calder, 18mo.
phic process, from drawings by A. Atkin- A Short Introduction to Arithmetic ; by
son ;which will form six monthly numbers. John Christison , house -governor of Heriot's
The author of the amusing Tour of Dr hospital, Edinburgh, 18mo.
196 Monthly List of New Publications. [May
MONTHLY LIST OF NEW PUBLICATIONS.

LONDON .

ANTIQUITIES.
Proceedings, and Results, of an Institutions
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Historical, Architectural, andGraphical Il. Bucks and Berks in 1814 , 8vo .
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by John Britton , F.S.A. No II. beingthe of Westminster. 5s.
second number of Winchester, medium 4to . Correspondence between a Mother and
12s. her Daughter ; by Mrs Taylorof Ongar .
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logy, Learning,Commerce, & c. of Ancient WritingGerman ; by J. R. Schultz. 3s. 6d.
and Modern India ; by L. Crauford , Esq . A New Analytical Table of the Gender
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by J. P. Neale. Part II. royal 4to . 16s. Classical Reading Lessons for every Day
BIOGRAPHY. in the Year, selected chiefly from the best
Memoirof theEarly Life of W. Cowper, Third
English; by
Writers of the reign of George the
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Esq. ; by himself, 8vo. 48. 3

Biographical Dictionary ; by Alexander The Grammatical Remembrancer ; to

Chalmers. Vol. XXXII. 8vo. 12s . which are added, Geographical Pronuncia
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CLASSICS. tablish a Colony on the Red River. " 5s.
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198 Monthly List of New Publications. (May
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1817.2 Register . - Foreign Intelligence. 199

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MONTHLY REGISTER.

FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE .

ence . But when the author was called for,

Europe, as is customary at Paris, a serious skirmish
ensued . In an instant a thousand sticks
FRANCE.
were brandished in the air : the royalist
An extraordinary occurrence took place officers were violently assaulted with blud .
at the theatre at Paris on the 24th March, geons by the half-pay officers, who were in
at the representation of Germanicus, a new much greater numbers. The pit was car
tragedy, from the pen of M. Arnault, one ried by the Bonapartists ; the boxes by the
of the banished members of the Institute. Royalists. The curtain drew up, and a
The Duke of Berri, who was in his box numerous party of gendarmerie, with fixed
with his suite, honoured the noble senti. bayonets, rushed into thepit, and order was.
ments the tragedy is replete with by his
repeated approbation . All was tranquil
restored ; but not till after many persons
had been much hurt. MM. De Cazes ,
during the representation, excepting when and D'Anglés waited on his Majesty, and
Hie genuine beauties of the piece called represented that it would not be prudent
forth the rapturous applauses of the audi- that Germanicus should be repeated, as the
7
200 Register.- Foreign Intelligence. [ May
two parties were so exasperated , that blood- the south, daily prayers have been offered up
shed " would inevitably ensue . The king during some weeks for rain.From San .
signified his acquiescence. cerre, department of the Cher and Loire, on
The animosity,revived by the representa- the contrary, we learn , that for three days
tion of the play of Germanicus, betwixt the preceding the 5th April, hail and snow had
Royalists and Bonapartists, has found an- fallen without interruption ; that the fruits
other subject of contention -- the Gardes du in general had been blasted , and the vine
Corps. This body, composed of persons of yards threatened with a total destruction of
respectability, has always been an eye -sore this year's crop:-- The distress in the prð
to the party styled Libéraux, who contend, vinces is excessive. Bread is every where
that it is highly improper that the sovereign ? sols (3 }d.), in many 9 (43d.), and in some
should havea guard unconnected with the 10 and 11 sols a -pound.
army. The infringement of certain privi. By a late ordonnance of the king, the
lèges, to which this corps had considered standards ofthe ancient company of horse
themselves entitled, seems to have excited grenadiers of his guard are to be deposited in
considerable disgust among them , and some the hands of the family of La Rochejaquelin .
disorders. Of the DukeD'Havré's com- His Majesty has given permission to that
pany nearly the whole have sent in their family to make these ensigns the supporters
resignation, and by aroyal ordonnance of of their arms, and to unite them bythe fol.
10th April, that of Noailles has been dis- lowing device : “ Vendée, Bordeaux, Ven .
banded . dée," as a perpetual memorial of the faith
It will be seen from the following article, ful and devoted services rendered to the
that arrests for criminal designs against the crown by that illustrious family.
government of the Bourbons have not yet
entirely ceased . On the 29th March, the
NETHERLANDS .
Countde Croquembourg, a Belgian officer,
formerly in the French service, and M. Two ships, under the flag of the Nether
Arnoud de Briqueville, were apprehended lands, which were captured by a Moorish
at Paris , and their papers secured, on a vessel in October last, have been restored .
charge of carrying on a treasonable corres- The king has done ample justice to the
pondence with the French exiles in Bel. inhabitants ofthe city of Antwerp, for in a
gium ; and, more recently, the wife of M. formal decree he declares thetollof Flush .
Regnauld de St Jean D'Angleby was appre- ing to be abolished, and that the sums
hended on a charge of a similar correspond- which have been levied upon the merchants
ence with her husband, now an exile in the shall be restored.
United States of America . A copy of a cu . On the 11th April, a dreadful storm , ac
rious letter, said to have been intercepted, companied with lightning ,assailed the town
is given in the London papers, but it is of Ath. A thunderboltfell upon the steeple
evidently of English manufacture. of the cathedral church , which it also set
The French police has not permitted the on fire, and in less than eight hours the
journals to take any notice of the motion of whole edifice was reduced to ashes.
Lord Holland with respect to the situation A most horrible catastrophe is detailed in
of Bonaparte, nor of the answer of Lord a recent Ghent journal. A poor peasant
Bathurst. and his three children had applied to his
Late accounts give the following state of brother, who was in easier circumstances,
the present military force of France :—The for relief : he met his brother on the road ,
Garde Royal, 20,000 of all arms. In who desired him to go to his house and ask
fantry, 81 departmentallegions, consisting his wifefor bread and potatoes, which she
each of from 300 to 500 men. The regi. inhumanely denied. The poor wretch, af.
ments of cavalry are each from 200 to 300 flicted at the situation of his starving chil
strong . The corps of artillery and sappers dren , resolved to kill them ; and for that
complete, as fixed by ordonnance of the purpose tied them all together with a string,
peace establishment. Besides these , France and threw them into a deep well, and im
has in its service seven regiments of Swiss, mediately leapt in after them . His brother ,
and two regiments of Germans--the latter on his return , finding what had been done,
under the command of Prince Hohenloe. blew out his wife's brains with a pistol, and
Died at Paris, on the4th April, in the immediately delivered himself upto justice.
59th year of his age, Marshal Massena, The public feeling is strong in his favour.
Prince of Essling. He was one of the ablest The baptism of the Duke of Brabant,
and most successful of those great officers son of the Prince of Orange, took place on
whom the French revolution raised to dis- the 29th March, at Brussels, in the presence
tinction — the great blemish in his charac. of their Majesties, the Princess Dowager of
ter, as in that of the English Marlborough, Orange and Brunswic, the Princes William
was avarice. and Frederic, the Grand Duke Nicholas of
The state of the weatherduring the month Russia , & c. The young prince received the
of April seems to have been particularly names William -Alexander -Paul-Frederic.
unfavourable in France, and great public Louis. The Queen of Great Britain and
anxiety prevails respecting the vintage and the Prince Regent were the sporsors by
arvest. At Toulouse, and other places in proxy.
1917. ) Register. - Foreign Intelligence. 201
SPAIN . This revolution, we are assured, was organ
Letters from Spain state, that in the Ri- ized for the express purpose of re-establish
oxa, a province of Old Castile, the town of ing the Cortes and Constitution, and the
Armedillo has been overwhelmed by the proclamations to this effect were couched
falling of a mountain : every inhabitant in the same terms as those of Porlier in
perished. Nothing now appears but the top Gallicia. The first acts were to have been
of the steeple. the seizure of all the constituted authorities,
The earthquakewhich was feltat Barce- as well as of the strong fortresses of Figueras
lona on the 18th March was likewise felt on and Monjui, in order to make the city of
the same day at Lerida, Saragossa, and Barcelona the point of union for all the
Madrid. At Saragossa, the concussion was troops which were to assemble and co -oper
60 violent as to throw down a painting in ate in the enterprize. The plan was, how
the chapel of theVirgin of the Pillar dur- ever, discovered by the government, before
ing mass, and the people fled from the it could be carried into effect; and, in con
church . At Madrid , the effects were still sequence, eighteen officers of rank, among
more alarming ; it overthrew a wall at the whom is General Lacy, were arrested, be
royal manufactory ofporcelain, which kill-
ed two men . A violent shock was felt at
sides a great number of other persons of
distinction. Milano had effected his escape.
the palace of justice. The judges, who were A considerable number of arrests have like
sitting, deserted the hall, which trembled wise taken place in other parts of the king
around them . The weather was again clear dom . The prisons and castles are no long
and serene , and the air had recovered its er sufficient to contain all theprisoners. In
usual temperature. Malaga, twelve persons of distinction were
The Spaniards are carrying on the slave lately arrested ; and at Santiago, in Gallicia ,
trade with unabated perseverance. Several several officers of the garrison ,one chaplain,
of their ships have recently arrived at the seven sergeants, and many private indivi.
Havannah, with slaves from Africa to the duals, have been thrown into prison -- all
number of two thousand . implicated in the Barcelona conspiracy.
A letter from Gibraltar states, that an
affray had unfortunately occurred at the ITALY
outposts, between some English and Span- April 3.- The Ex -empress Maria Louisa
ish troops , in Two
were killed.
several ofthe
which English latter livesin a style of great splendour at Parma,
soldiers had but without ostentation. Her Minister of
been tried and executed . State and Grand Chancellor is a Mr M.Aulay,
Letters have been received from Cadiz , an Irishman by birth , possessed of consi
dated March 28. They inform us, that on derable property in the king's county in
the 25th the expeditionary troops destined Ireland .
to act against South America were review- The Pope Pius VII. has issued a bull of
ed by their commander, Count Abisbal, a most extraordinary nature against Bible
in the public square ; and having re- Societies. This instrument is addressed to
ceived part of their pay , and with it the Primate of Poland, and highly com
made merry, they refused to re -embark . mends the archbishop for his zeal in having
A regiment of lancers, and the regiment of denounced to the Apostolic See “ this de
Navarre, are said to have broken out into filement of the faith so eminently dangerous
open mutiny, and bid defiance to the con- to souls ; " and he goes on to say, that " it
trol of their officers. They cried out, they is evident, from experience, that the Holy
would not ge out to act as butchers to the Scriptures, when circulated in the vulgar
Cadiz monopolists ; swore they would li. tongue, have, through the temerity of men ,
berate all confined in the prisons, and them . produced more harm than benefit.” The
selves obtain their arrears of pay out of authenticity of this bull has been disputed.
the Treasury. The other regiments were
marched against them ; and, after a severe GERMANY
contest, they were compelled to embark on Mar. 25. - In Prussia the new plan of
the following day. During the whole time finance is completed. It is founded on the
the greatest alarm prevailed in Cadiz ; the introduction of a uniform land -tax through
windows and doorsof every house were shut out the kingdom , from Memel to the Mo
up. A postscript of the same letter adds, selle.
that the contest was renewed on board , A very liberal and important edict has
when a great number of men were shot, been issued at Berlin , respecting the forma
whose numbers, as well as 300 who had tion of a national representation ; and a com
previously deserted, were replaced by part mission , selected from members of the coun
of the Cadiz garrison. cil of state , has been formed for carrying
Conspiracy to re-establish the Cortes.- this intention of his Majesty into immediate
Madrid, April 9. A revolution was pre- execution .
pared and ready to break out in Barcelona,The Germanic diet have unanimously ac
on Good Friday, the 4th instant ; atthe ceded to the request of the Grand Duke of
head of which were to have been the illus- Weimar, to take under their guarantee the
trious and patriotic Generals Lacy and Mil. constitution which he has granted to his
lano, well known in the peninsular war. subjects.
VOL. I. 2C
202 Register.- Foreign Intelligence. [ May
Several Frenchmen , who had purchased embarkedfor America, and have been ac
houses and other national domains in the companied by many inhabitants from Al
Electorate of Hesse, having been deprived sace, and others are still to follow . These
of their property by the Elector, theCourt poor creatures cannot even pay their pas
of France interfered, and instructed their sage withoutselling their persons for a term
minister at Frankfort to protest against any of years. The situation of the inhabitants
Frenchman being deprived of his property of the canton ofthe Glaciers is not lessdis
acquired by bona fide purchase. tressing. Five hundred and eighty of the
An article from Vienna, published in the peasants of Argovia have taken their pas.
French papers, gives the following account sage from Amsterdam for America in a
of a sect lately formed in upper Austria, single ship, finding no resource from fa
called Petzelians, from the name ofthe foun- mine but in desertion of their native coun
der Petzel, or Peschel, a priest of Branau. try.
Of this sect dreadful atrocities are related :
they preachthe equality and community of SWEDEN.
property ; they sacrifice men to purify o. Stockholm , Mar. 7. - Yesterday wascele .
thers from their sins ; and , it is added , that brated the solemn removal of the different
several were
Week, thus in
who died sacrificed
the mostduring Passion
horrible tore militarytrophies taken by the Swedesin
ments. A girl of thirteen years of age was the last 200years,amounting to near 5000 ,
from the Saloon in the Royal Garden to
put to death in the village of Afflewang on the Retterholme Church . The deputies
Good Friday. Seven men have been vic of the army gave a grand entertainment on
tims of this abominable faith .The author
ofthesect, Peschel, with eighty-six follow- the occasion
Prince , whichby
honoured theking
their and the Crown
presence , and
ers, have been arrested . Order is now re their healths were drunk amidst the dis
stored. Peschel is the clergymanwho ato charge of 286 pieces of cannon .
tended the unfortunate bookseller Palm to Letters from Stockholm announce, that
the place of execution , when he was shot by several regiments have received orders to
orderofBonaparte. He is now at Vienna, put themselves in march to approach the
where he has been frequently examined by capital. Thisisin consequence of an at
the ecclesiastical
signs of mental authorities, but thatit
derangement, shows has
such tempt meditated against the life of the
Crown Prince, Bernadotte. It appears that
been resolved , by the advice of thesaid au the projected assassination was to have taken
thorities, andtoplacehiminsome
physicians, on consulting several piousin
judicious place at a masquedball, ascene of the
stitution to be taken care of. same description as thatwhich proved fatal
to Gustavus III. The fete was held , but
The marriage of Madame Murat with the Crown Prince and his son chose to be
GeneralMacdonaldhas been celebratedat absent, having received a timely warning of
Vienna. The ci-devant queen has just their danger.
purchased the Lordship of Lottingbrom , marshal Court, Gyllerstrom
four leagues from Vienna, in the neigh- hasThe of the ,
beenbanished ; andthe Scandinavian
bourhood of Baden .
Somedisputes hadandarisen betweenof the Journal, and other publications of a ten
kingofWirtemberg the States his dencydangerous to the new dynasty , sup
kingdom , respecting the consolidation ,desir: pressed . The son of Gustavus, who was
set aside to make room for Bernadotte, is
ed by the king, of the representativesofthe livingat the court of Wirtemberg ,the king
ancient and new territories intooneconsti. being hiscousin. He is also a nephew of
tuent assembly. This measure had met the Emperor Alexander.
with much opposition, but has at length A conscription is now making throughout
been acceded to by a majority of the diet. the kingdom , including all the youths from
SWITZERLAND.
twenty to twenty -five years ofage inclusive,
The intelligence from the Grisonsis dis tolitia
form a well disciplined
of about 300,000 men and, from
uniform mi,
which
tressing in the extreme. A frightfulaval- only in time ofwar, the regularregiments,
anchedestroyed, on the 6th ,the village raised partlybyrecruiting , partly furnish
of Nueros ; in this valley eleven houses ed and equipped by all the land owners, are
and mills, with all their inhabitants and
to be reinforced and filled up.
cattle, were overwhelmed. On the 8th , the The king has issued an ordinance, in
curate and ninety -four persons, allwound which the importation of wine, rum , and
ed , were dug out ;-many dead bodies were cotton goods, are strictly prohibited, in or
also found, but the fate of twenty -eight der, as it is stated , to assist in bringing
persons is still unknown. From the Tyrol down the rate of exchange.
the news is equally afflicting. At Nouders -

the snow is ashigh as a church -steeple. At RUSSIA .

Ichsgel, in the Pinzgau, twenty -one houses
were destroyed . Six leagues from Inspruck The seaport of Odessa seems in a fair
ten persons were killed. The course of the
way to become one of the most considerable
Innis interrupted . Many hundred persons towns in the Russian empire. Its extraor-- .
of the cantons of Basle, Soleure, &c. have dinary trade in corn has , latterlý, doubled
1817. ) Register. - Foreign Intelligence. 203
the number of strangers, and its increase after embracing Christianity, shall join this
proceeds in a mannerbeyond all conception. community, may leave the country when
The amount of goods imported into St they have paid their debts, and the legal
Petersburgh last year was above 90,000,000 contributions for three years on the capi.
of roubles, and that of goods exported near- tals which they have acquired in Russia.
ly 77} millions. This regulation excites the more attention ,
St Petersburgh, April 12.- On Easter because it is well known that our ambassa .
Sunday there was published a very remark- dors in Germany are expressly ordered to
able imperial mandate, in favour ofthe give no more passports to those who desire
Jews who are converted to Christianity. The to emigrate.
following are some of the chief articles :
1. Al Jews embracing the Christian re TURKEY .
ligion , no matter of which confession, shall The friends of humanity will lamentto
have privileges granted them , whatever pro- learn ,that the German physician, Rosenfeld,
fession they may adopt, suitable to their one of those persons who ventured to ino
knowledge and abilities. culate themselves with the plague, has fal .
2. Inthe northern and southern govern . lena victim to his generous devotion.
ments, lands shall be assigned themgratis, Some movements on the Persian frontiers
where such as please may settle at their own have taken place, occasioned by the conduct
expense, under the name of Society of Jew- of Ibrahim Pacha, commander of the Turk
ish Christians. ish fortress of Bejazid , who was discharged
3. This society shall have its own pri- from his office and had fled to Persia ; buthis
vileges. not returning at the desire of the neighbour.
4. At St Petersburgh a Board shall be ing Turkishgovernors, has caused the Turks
formed , of which Prince Alexander Golyzin tocommit some excesses in the Persian vil.
shall be president, under the denomination lages, for which the Persian crown Prince
of “ Board for the affairs of Jewish Chris- threatens to exact reparation by force of
tians ;” on which , and on no other magis. arms.
trates (except in criminal cases), the society The cityof Constantinople has been again
of Jewish Christians depends. a prey to the ravages of fire, upwards of
5. This Board is bound to attend to every 300 houses having been destroyed .
thing relating to the settlements, and to re- The Pacha of Smyrna, therichest in all
port on it to the Emperor. In the settle Turkey, has been beheaded by order of the
ments of the Jewish Christians, which are Grand Signior, for forwarding recruits and
given to them as hereditary property for assistanceto the Dey of Algiers.
ever, the society can carry on any kind of A private letter from Cairo mentions, that
professions, build cities, villages, or single they had experienced a circumstance not
dwellings ; the lands are given to the whole remembered by the oldest inhabitant - four
community, but not to individuals, and days of successive torrents of rain , which
cannot be sold or mortgaged to strangers. had nearly destroyed whole villages. The
In these settlements the Jewish Christians houses havingbeen built of unbaked clay,
and their posterity have entire religious li- scarcely adwelling escaped without injury,
berty in the Christian confession of faith and had the rain continued a few days long
which they embrace. The society is under er , the city of Cairo itself must inevitably
the immediate protection of the Emperor, have been washed away .
and depends entirely on the Board in St
Petersburgh, to which alone it will give ac America .
count. No other local magistracy shall in.
terfere with them ; their preachers are only
under the Board . The internal govern UNITED STATES .
ment of the society is under administration By the Americanpapers, received 20April,
ofthe Society of the JewishChristians, con- we see that the spirit of hostility to the in
sisting of two superiors and four adjuncts, troduction of British manufactures is still
chosen by the Society fromits own mem- manifested , by resolutions and proposals,
bers, and confirmed by the Board. It tending to show the inveteracy ofa portion
manages the internal concerns, the police, of the people against every thing English.
& c. and has a particular seal. It may ex- The celebrated Mr Randolph has retired
pel improper members, and receive new from public life.
ones, but must report on this to the Board. An address has been presented by the
The members of thesociety obtain the rights citizens of Washington , to Mr Madison, on
of citizens in the Russian empire. They his retiring from the presidency . His re
may carry on trade at home and abroad, ply relates chiefly to the welfare of that
conformably to the general laws; establish city , and, amongst other matters, informs
manufactories, & c. without being register. them , that ultimate good will follow from
ed in any guild. In their settlements the the disaster which befel the capital.
society may brew beer, distil brandy, & c. It appears the American Commodore,
They are free from billeting of troops, and Chauncey, concluded a new treaty with
for twenty years from taxes; are not bound Algiers on the 25th December, on the basis
to military service, & c. Foreign Jews who, of the Treaty ofJune 1815 .
204 Register.- Foreign Intelligence. [May
Washington , March 5. - The ceremony BRITISH AMERICA .
attendant on the entrance of the president A notification has been issued from the
colonial department, to such as intend to
elect on the duties of his arduous station
was simple but grand. He was attended emigrate to Canada, informing them that it
from his private residence by the vice-pre- is not the intention of government to pro
sident elect, and a large cavalcade of citi- vide any gratuitous means of conveyance
zens on horseback , marshalled in due or- this season ; and that no person can proceed
der. The president reached the Congress to North America as a settler, with any
Hall a little before twelve ; and after the prospect of success, unless he departs from
vice -president had taken the chair , and had Europe early in the season , that is, before
the oath of office administered to him, a the 1st of June.
pertinent address was delivered by him on
the occasion . This ceremony being ended , SOUTH AMERICA .
the Senate adjourned , and all the officers of April 7.- The Portuguese government
state , and judges, attended the president to having transferred to Brazil some seeds of
the elevated portico erected for the occasion , the tea -tree, have succeeded in naturalizing
where, in the presence of an immense con- this plant at Rio Janeiro . It is cultivated
course of citizens and foreigners, the pre- at this moment with success by several
sident rose and delivered a speech of consi. Chinese, who have gone there for that pur.
derable length ; wherein, after enumerating pose.
all the advantages of the constitution, and The Independent general, Marino, has
the flourishing state of their commerce and entered into a treatywith the governor of
finances, he calls upon the assistance of all the island of Trinidad, granting a free trade
his fellow citizens in support of that govern- to his Britannic Majesty's subjects with the
ment which protects every citizen in the Independent districts of Venezuela, on con .
full enjoyment of his rights, and is able to dition that the Independents shall have the
protect the nation against injustice from same privileges at Trinidad.
foreign powers. In regard to their manu- Most contradictory accounts are still
factures, he says, that as they have the raw received from this quarter of the globe. A
materials-- theproduction of their own soil letter purporting to come from an officer
and industry — they ought not to depend, in connected with the revolutionary army, to
the degree they have done, on supplies from his friend at Philadelphia, speaks of the
other countries. He recommends that their most horrid cruelties, and disgraceful enor
great naval resources should be carefully mities, practised both by Independents and
fostered in time of peace, and that their Royalists, particularly by the armed vessels ,
land forces should not be neglected ; but without regard to age, sex, or country ; that
that it ought always to be held in view, that the streets of St Thomas were filled with
the safety of these states, and of every thing refugees from the Main , who were existing
dear to a free people, must depend in an on the charity of the island. Another
eminent degree on themilitia. He rejoices writes from the head quarters of the army
that he enters on the discharge of his duties of the republic of Mexico : After exulting
in the time of peace, and adds,that it shallbe in their success both by land and sea , and
his sinceredesire to preserve it, on just prin- the excellent disposition of the inhabitants,
ciples, with all nations, claiming nothing the letter concludes by saying, that “ We
unreasonable of any, and rendering to each are already on our march - our army is
what is its due. After some well expressed daily increasing and I have no doubt that
complimentsto his predecessor, he concluded I shall soon write you from the capital of
a speech, replete with moderation and firm . Mexico, after having fixed the standard of
ness, when the oath of office was adminis- liberty in every house of that populous and
tered to him by the chief justice of the wealthy city .”
United States. The oath was announced General Bolivar and Admiral Brion have
by a single gun, and followed by salutes declared the whole coast of the Spanisa
from the naval yard, the battery from Fort Main in a state of rigorous blockade.
Warburton , and from several pieces of ar . The West Indies , and the whole surface
tillery on the ground. Mr Monroe was the of the Atlantic, is infested with privateer
American minister in this country in the vessels under the flag of the South Ameri
year 1793, and afterwards in France. He can Independents, which have cominitted
served in the first American war , and lost a great depredations.
leg in it. Heis supposed to be rather in. The Portuguese took possession of Monte
clined to the Washington school. Video on the 20th January, without firing
The British consul at New York , in a shot, and have issued proclamations de
consequence of the misery and wretched . claring oblivion of all past opinions ; that
ness of those who had emigrated from Bri- the security ofpersons and property is guar
tain to the United States, has offered to anteed by the Portuguese army, and grant
them a settlement in the British dominions ing them a free trade with allnations.
of Canada, or Nova Scotia , and issued a The quiet manner in which this transfer
public notice to that effect. Passports have has been effected , proves that an amicable
already been granted to 340 persons to pro- understanding must exist between the gove
ceed to UpperCanada. ernment of the Brazils and the Indepen
5
 Register . - Foreign Intelligence. 205
1817.)
dents of that part of South America which Imperial Decree,
theAPortuguese have
British ship been . seized at the Dated the fifteenth Day of theseventh Moon
hasinvaded
Havannah - when the captain of the twenty- first Year (6th September
of his sword -- the specie and was deprived
stores taken 1816) of Kia -King, addressed to the Vice
away- and the British colours torn down roy Kiang, and theFuynen Jung of Can
and destroyed . ton, and received the fifth of the eighth
Moon ( 25th September).
The English Ambassadors, upon their
Asia . arrival this time at Tien -sing, have not ob
served the laws of politeness,* in return for
EAST INDIES . the invitation of the emperor. Reaching
The Calcutta Journal, Nov. 6, states, that Tung -chow ( four leagues from court), they
a fatal rencontre took place between Cap- gave assurancesof readiness to perform the
tain Heaviside, with a part of the officers and prostrations and genuflexions required by
crew of the Hon . Company's ship Elphin the laws of good manners ( of the coun ,
stone, and a party of Malays, in the month try ) . Arrived at the imperial country -house
of September, at Boroo , on the north - east (half a league from court), and when we
of Sumatra. Mr Macdonald , surgeon , and were upon the point of repairing to the hall
( to receive the embassy ), the first, as well
the second officer, were killed on the spot,
and several others left for dead. Captain as the second ambassador, under pretence
Heaviside was desperately wounded . of ill health , would not appear. We, in
The peace of the Peninsula is likely to consequence, passed a decree, that they
be disturbed by the predatory excursions of should be ordered to depart. Reflecting,
Ameer Khan ,who, at the head of an army however, that although the said ambassadors
of 80,000 Pindarrees, spreads terror and were blamable in not adhering to the laws
devastation around. As their only object is of politeness, their sovereign , who, from an
plunder, some of the Rajahs were desirous immensedistance, and overvariousseas,had
of calling in the assistance of the Company's sent to offer us presents, and to present with
troops , and a considerable force has been respect his letters,indicating a wish to shew
ordered to assemble under the command of us due consideration and obedience, had not
Colonel John Adams, in thedominions of deserved contempt, such being also against
the Rajah of Berar. our maxim of encouragement to our infe .
We understand the Prince Regent has riors ; in consequence, from among the pre
brought the most satisfactory accountsof the sents of the said king, we chose the most
state of every part of India. Trade was trifling and insignificant, (which are) four
brisk , and so far from therebeing aglutof charts, two portraits, and ninety-five engra.
British goods in our settlements, there was vings ; and in order to gratify him , have
actually a want of them . accepted them . We, in return, give, as ą
reward to the said king, a Yu - Yu , t astring
CHINA . of rare stones, two large purses and four
Accounts have been received relative to small ones ; and we ordered the ambassa .
the mission to China . The embassy had dors to receive these gifts, and to return to
returned to Canton ; and though the pre their country (we having so enacted ), in ob
sents were not accepted by the emperor, yet servance of the maxim (of Confucius ),
there was no reason to suppose that the “ When Give much , receive little . ”
the ambassadors received the said
good understanding between the two coun
tries would be in any way affected . Trade gifts, they became exceeding glad , and
was carried onas usual,and three China ships evinced their repentance. They haveal.
left Canton aftertheembassy had returned ready quitted Tung- Chow. Upon their ar.
from Pekin to Canton . This intelligence rival at Canton, you, Kiang andJung, will
was brought bythe PrinceRegent. Whilst invite them to a dinner, in compliance with
she was preparing, March 12th, to weigh good manners, and will say to them as fol.
anchor from St Helena for England, three lows:
large ships came in sight, and these proved Your good fortune has been small :
to be the vessels so anxiouslyexpected from you arrived at the gates of the imperial
China, namely, the General Hewitt, the house, andwere unable to lift your eyes to
Castle Huntly, and the Cumberland. As the face of Heaven (the emperor ) The
soonas they cameto anchor, an officer from greatemperor reflected thatyour king sigh
the Prince Regent went on board the Ge- ed after happiness ( China !!!) and acted
neral Hewitt , order to obtain the latest
intelligence from China respecting British
affairs. Part of the presents intended for * Previous to coming to table, the guest
the emperor had been sold at Canton , and makes a profound inclination, or actual pro
the remainder were put on board the stration , according to the rank of the host.
General Hewitt, together with despatches + Insignia of honour (a long carved stone )
for England. The three ships left Canton presented on days offete to high mandarins
on the 5th January. and foreign ambassadors.
206 Register .- Proceedings ofParliament. [ May
NEW SOUTH WALES .
with sincerity ; he therefore accepted some
presents, andgifted your king with various The advertisements in the Sydney Ga
precious articles. Youmust return thanks zette are of considerable interest,in convey
to the emperor for his benefits, and return ing an idea of the great improvements in
with speed to your country, that your king every description of European manufacture
may feel a respectful gratitude for these of East India goods, West India produce ,
acts ofkindness. Take care to embark the & c. They havetheir theatre, their Hyde
rest of the presents with safety, that they Park, their races, and every description of
may notbe lost or destroyed. amusementEngland in miniature. A
After this lecture, should theambassadors new governor has lately been appointed,
supplicate you to receive the remainder of and it issaid, it is nolonger to beused as
the presents, answer " In one word, a a depot for transported criminals, but that
decree has passed ; we dare not, therefore, every encouragement is to be given to set
present troublesome petitions;" and with tlers, and that it is likely to become a
this decision you willrid yourselves of the colony of the greatest importanceto the
mother country.
embassy. Respect this.
7

臺
PROCEEDINGS OF PARLIAMENT.

HOUSE OF LORDS . speedily for the relief of the people of Ire

land.
HABEAS CORPUS SUSPENSION BILL. Mar. 10.Lord HOLLAND gave notice,
Mar. 3.- The order of the day being that he would , on an early day, move for
read , for taking into consideration the copies of the instructions given to the go
amendmentsmade by the Commons on this vernor of St Helena respecting the treat
bill, the Earl of Rosslyn said, he disap- ment of Napoleon Bonaparte ; andmoved
proved of the original framing of thebill, that the Lords be summoned on Tuesday
which placed the liberties of the people of se'nnight, which was ordered .
Scotland in a very different andfarmore Mar. 11.-The bill for the protection of
precarious footing than itdid those of Eng. the Prince Regent was read a third time
land. In the former, an inferior magistrate and passed.
was empowered to act under the bill ; where SINECURES AND USELESS OFFICES .
as, in the latter, a responsible minister, or Mar. 11.- Earl GROSVENOR called up
six privy councillors , only could act. So on their Lordships to agree to a motion ,
far he approved of theamendments ; but of generally ,for the abolition of sinecures or
the measure generallyhe disapproved. Af- useless offices, to which he could not con
ter some discussion , the amendments were ceive anysound objection ; and after a speech
agreed to . of considerable length , he proposed these
Mar. 4 The royal assent was given , by four resolutions: Ist, That sinecures should
commission , to the Habeas Corpus Sus- be abolished , after the expiration of the
pension Bill, the Malt Duty Bill, and se lives during which they were at present
veral private bills. The Army Seduction held : 2d , That useless places should be
Bill, and Treasonable Practices Bill, were abolished forthwith, or properly regulated :
brought up from the Commons, and read a 3d, That places or offices should no more
first time. be granted in reversion : and then , 4th , He
NAVY AND ARMY SEDUCTION BILL. should proposea resolution in favour of
Mar. 6. – Viscount MELVILLE moved some reform . The Earl of LAUDERDALE
the order of the day for their Lordships asserted, that there never was a period in
going into a committee on the Navy and our history when men in office were less cor- ·
Army Seduction Bill, when Lord SHAFTES- rupt, and perhaps never a time when the
BURY took the chair. The bill being gone public was more corrupt ; that the influence
through, was reported withoutany amend of the Crown in the Houseof Commonswas
ment, Adjourned.
aswas also the Regent's Protection far less than formerly,and abolishing these
Bill. places would be no relief to the public bur
TREASONABLE PRACTICES AND ARMY dens. After some discussion , the question
• AND NAVY SEDUCTION BILLS. was put. Contents 5 ; non - contents 45 ;
Mar. 7. - The Earl of LIVERPOOL majority against the motion 40.
moved the third reading of these bills ; but Mar. 13.- Earl GROSVENOR presented
on some ambiguities being pointed out by a petition from Chalford in Gloucestershire
Lord HOLLAND, it was agreed to postpone against the corn laws, and praying for a
the third reading of the T'reasonable Prac. renewal of the property tax ; also one from
tices Bill till Monday ; and the Army and Southwark, praying for the abolition of
Navy Seduction Bill, after some opposition sinecures. Laid on the table.
by Lord GROSVENOR, was read a third IRISH DISTILLERIES .
time and passed . Mar. 14.Earl DaRNLEY presented a
DISTRESS IN IRELAND . petition from Belfast, praying for the stop
The Earl of DARNLEY pressed the ne . page of the distilleries, which was laid on
cessity of adopting some measure very the table.
1817.] Proceedings of Parliament.
Register.- 207
Mar. 14. - Lord DARNLEY presented a Appeal Committee, the recommendations in
petition from Belfast, complaining of the which were agreed to by the House.
distresses in the North of Ireland,from the PROTEST ,
scarcity and bad quality of corn . On the motion, that the consideration of
SEDITIOUS MEETING BILL. the Habeas Corpus Suspension Bill be put
Mar. 17. Lord SIDMOUTH moved the off for three months, being negatived.
first reading of this bill, and the Lords were Dissentient,-Because we concur entirely
ordered to be summoned for Thursday. in the reasons stated in the protest entered
NAPOLEON BONAPARTE . againstthe second reading of the said bill
Mar. 18. - Lord HOLLAND moved for a on the 24th February last, and because the
great number of papers and correspondence , delaythat hastakenplacesince the bill has
respecting the confinementand treatmentof been hurriedthroughthis House, contrary
Bonaparte at St Helena, calling upon Go- to its established forms and standing orders,
vernment to vindicate themselves from as . ( in consequence of which unbecoming haste
persions thrown upon themin various pub. the amendments havebeen found necessary),
lications, for their harsh treatment of the confirmed
has increased
and conviction
our ,
ex - emperor. Earl BATHURST denied that that this measure, which necessity alone can
any unnecessary severity was exercised to . justify, is without any such justification.
wards Bonaparte ; and said that there is no CLIFTON.
other restraint upon his correspondence than AUGUSTUS FREDERICK .
what is usual respecting prisoners of war VASSAL HOLLAND.
the letters must be opened . The sum al SOMERSET
lowed for his establishment is equal to that Lords HOLLAND and DARNLEY entered
allowed for the governor£ 12,000 per an- a protest, dissenting from the resolution of
num ; and he has, besides, personalproper. the Lords, refusing the motion for the pro
ty, which he mayexpend for his own com- duction of papers regarding the treatment
fort, if he find that allowance too small. of Bonaparte in the island of St Helena.
His Lordship assured the house, that the Mar. 28.The Exchequer Courts Bill
inconveniences complained of were created was returned from the Commons, their
by Bonaparte himself. The motion was ne . Lordships' amendments having been agreed
gatived . to .
SCOTS APPEAL. Mar. 29. Mr BROGDEN, accompanied
Mar. 21 -- In the case of Amot v . Stuart, by several members, appeared at the Bar,
counsel were finally heard. Affirmed , with and requested a conference with their Lord
£ 50 costs . ships on the subject of the amendments in
The house went into a Committee on the the Seditious Assemblies Bill, which was
SEDITIOUS ASSEMBLIES BILL, on which granted, and the alterations agreed to .
some amendments were made. Mar. 31. The SPEAKER of the House
SCOTS APPEALS . of Commons attended , with several mem
Mar. 24. Shepherd v . Waterson affirm- bers, and heard the royal assent given , by
ed, with £ 120 costs to one of the parties, commission, to the Seditious Meetings and
viz . Mr Harvey . Naval Officers' Half -pay Bills. The House
Macdonald v . Stalker affirmed. then , on the motion of the Earl of LIVER
SEDITIOUS ASSEMBLIES BILL . POOL, adjourned till Wednesday fortnight.
Mar. 25.-- The order of the day for the
third reading of this bill was read . Lord
HOUSE OF COMMONS.
ERSKINE objected to the bill as unneces
GAME ACT .
sary , and considered the existing laws suffi
cient for every purpose. The Lord CHAN- Mar. 3.- Sir E. KNATCHBULL wished
CELLOR supported it. Lord SIDMOUTH to introduce a bill to alter and amend the
introduced a clause to prohibit public meet- Game Act, which was to prevent persons
ings within a mile of Westminster Hall, from going out at night armed to destroy
with the exception of meetings at Covent, game. The bill was brought up and read
Garden and Southwark . Several Lords ob . a first time.
jected to this clause , when the house di- SEDITIOUS ASSEMBLIES BILL.
vided. For the clause 111 ; against it, 23 ; The SOLICITOR GENERAL rose to move
majority 88. The clause was of course the second reading of the bill for prevent
annexed to the bill, which was read a third ing seditious assemblies. Of the various
time and passed . means, he said , employed by the fomenters !:)
Mar. 26.- In the Scots appeal cause of of discontent, one of themostefficacious was,
Walker v. Weir, their Lordship's decision to call together a number of persons, to
was, that the case be remitted back for fur. inflame them by harangues, to persuade
ther consideration . them that the evils arising from the cir
The Naval Stores Bill, and the Exche- cumstances of the times would be remedied
quer Bills Bill, were read a third time and by their application to Parliament, and to
passed. persuade them that they had a right to
APPEAL COMMITTEE . force Parliament to complywith their de
Mar. 27. - The Earl of SHAFTESBURY mands. These meetings, which might be
presented a voluminous report from the turned to every mischievous purpose, the
208 Register. - Proceedings of Parliament. [ May
bill was intended to control, by some regu . merely whether they would prohibit the
lations precisely of the same kind as those distillation in Ireland ; the trade with Ire
adopted at other critical times. After some land was free, and, consequently, such a
discussion, and some remarks from Lord prohibition would giveto the English distiller
COCHRANE respecting the imprisonment of a preference in the Irish market. It should
a Mr M'Arthur of Glasgow , who had been be considered , that one of the evils attend
afterward released, the bill was then read a ing the stoppage of the regular distillation
second time, and ordered to be committed would be the stimulus thus given to illegal
to -morrow . distillation , which would probably cause, on
SEDUCTION AND TREASON BILLS . the whole, an increase in the consumption
Mar. 3. - The Army and Navy Seduc- of corn : and, as it would at least be a
tion Bills, and the bill respecting Treason . month before the stoppage could be affect
able Practices, were read a third time and ed , he was persuaded that the proposed
passed . measure would not save one barrel of corn ,
PETITIONS. but be productive of mischief rather than
&
Sir FRANCIS BURDETT moved that the good. He should add, that the Irish Go
petitions which lay on thefloor, signed by vernment had taken all practicable means
nearly a million of subscribers, should be in its power to obviate the dangers of scar
received. ( There appeared to be nearly a city, especially by taking upon themselves
raggon -load of petitions ; they lay in a the responsibility of admitting American
heap, and almost covered the floor of the flour, which the letter of the law did not
House ; it is understood therewere 600 of permit.theAt the suggestionof Sir J. New
them . ) The SPEAKER. - Bring them up. PORTmotion was withdrawn .
NEW COINAGE .
( a laugh .) Sir Francis, on the suggestion
of the Speaker, agreed to the propriety of Mar. 5. Mr BROUGHAM moved for
copies of some correspondence which had
proceeding with the petitions some other passed
day. between the Chancellor of the Ex.
PRISONERS AT GLASGOW, & c . chequerand certain Magistrates in the coun
Mar. 4.Lord COCHRANE,seeing the try,respecting the new coin , and expressed
Learned Lord Advocateof Scotland in his in strong terms his indignation on discover
place, begged to know if the statement was ing the letters W. W. P. on the reverse of
true, thatsome of the personsimprisoned at the new coin of the realm ; adding, that
Glasgow had been discharged, there being Cardinal Wolsey having impressed upon
no foundation for any charge against them . the king's coin a cardinal's hat, this was
The LORD ADVOCATE stated , that he had made one of the articles of impeachment
received no information on the subject. Sir against him . Mr W. W. POLE declared ,
FRANCIS BURDETT said , he had received that if there had been any such correspond.
a letter from Glasgow , stating, that the per- ence as that alluded to by the Hon . and
sons apprehended,and afterwards liberated, learned Gentleman, he had never heard of
had been taken up on the evidence of spies. it. With regard to the letters W. W. P.
Severalpetitions for reform were presented the learned Gentleman ought to know that
by Lord Cochrane, some of which were ob- he was authorised, by indentures, to put
jected to, and others ordered to lie on the what private marks he pleased on every
table. The SoLICITOR GENERAL moved piece of the new currency. The question
some new clauses in the Seditious Assem was put and negatived.
blies Bill, pro forma, and the House ad EQUALIZATION OF WEIGHTS AND MEA
journed. SURES .
COMMITTEE OF SUPPLY Mar. 7. - The CHANCELLOR of the Ex
Mar. 5. - The CHANCELLOR of the Ex. CHEQUER, in reply to a question of Sir
CHEQUERmoved a grantof £ 200,000 on ac- George Clerk , respecting thegeneral equali
count, for expences of a civil nature in Great zation of weights andmeasures, assured
Britain , which formed no part of the or- him that a measure was in progress for the
purpose to which he alluded . A commis
dinarycharge of the civil list. Agreed to .
Lord PALMERSTON moved for £ 500,000sion had been issued, and the whole was ,
as afurther sum for the expense of the land for the present, under the superintendence
service, with the exception of the troops in of the Royal Society.
France, and in the territories of the East POOR RATES .
India Company. Agreed to. Mr CALCRAFT presented two petitions
SCARCITY OF FOOD IN IRELAND. from two parishes in Devonshire, in oneof
Mar. 5. - Mr MAURICE FITZGERALD which the Poor Rates amounted to 18 or 198.
moved for an investigation into the amount and in the other to one guinea in the pound
and state of human food in Ireland , with to the landholders ;-that in one parish, con
a view to determine whether it might be taining 575 inhabitants, no less than 497
expedient to stop the distillation of grain in were receiving parochial relief, and to this
Ireland. Mr PEEL thought he should be he begged to call theattention of Lord Cas
able to satisfy the Hon . Gentleman and the tlereagh. His Lordship said, he was con
House, that a prohibition of distillation vinced a great part of the rate would be
would not lead to the result which he an . found to be wages paid in the shape of poor
ticipated from it. The question was not rates ; a system which ought to be discou
1817.) Register. - Proceedings of Parliament. 209
raged as much aspossible. MRCALCRAFT, Hon. Baronet, Sir Francis Burdett, was 527,
in reply , stated, that he wished to callthe of which 468 were printed. After several
attention of the Committee on the Poor were rejected for want of form , and others
Laws to the subject of making funded pro- for impropriety of language, the question
perty rateable to the support of the poor, was put that the 468 printedpetitionsshould
and that he had sanguine hopes that their be read , when Lord CASTLEREAGA con
labours would be attended with the most tended , that the rules and practice of the
salutary effects. House were against the entertaining printed
PETITIONS FOR REFORM. petitions. The House divided . Ayes 6 ;
; majority against receiving the pe
noes 5852.
Mar. 10. - Sir R. FERGUSON presented titions
a petition from Arbroath , praying for a re
form in Parliament. It was not reasonable, MANUFACTURES AND COMMERCE .
he said , to think that the people in Scotland Mar. 13..Mr BROUGHAM, in a long
should be content, when they could not but and elaborate speech , set forth the distresses
know that Cornwall sent as many members of the lower classes of the community in
to that House as all Scotland. Mr BRAND fearful colours. The pressure in the cloth
rose to confirm what had been said by the trade, great as it is represented, was less
gallant General, as to the anxiety of the than in the other branches. At Birming
people in Scotland for a reform in Parlia , ham , out of 80,000 souls there were 27,000
ment. Mr BOSWELL observed , there was paupers, who were formerly able to earn
not a single petition from the landholders from £2 to £3 a -week, who did not make
of Scotland in favour of parliamentary re. more at present than from 7s. to 9s., in no
form . Lord A. HAMILTON asserted , that instance more than 188., and their wives
the voters in that country were not commen- and children had no employment at all.
surate with the landholders. The LORD In Lancashire there were 500,000 persons
ADVOCATE had stated on a former night, engaged in the weaving andspinning trade,
and he would repeat it now, that the people who could formerly earn 13s. a -week, but
of Scotland, taking those classes of the com- their wages in January last were as low as
munity who were most capable of forming 4s. 31d.,and some inferior workmen so little
as 2s. 6d. weekly , for the support of them .
a judgment on the subject, were nine -tenths
of them opposed to any change in the re-selves and families, and thatmany of them
presentation of that country in Parliament. were actually reduced to live upon half a
After much discussion, the petition was or- pound of oatmeal a -day, with a little salt
dered to lie on the table . and water In Spittalfields and Coventry
ARMY ESTIMATES. the distresses were nearly as great. He did
Lord PALMERSTON called the attention not attribute this state of things to the
of the House to the Army Estimates, when change from war to peace (except perhaps
the following sums were voted , from De- at Birmingham ), but to our restrictions on
cember 25, 1816 , to June 24, 1817 : trade, our neglect of commercial treaties,
For defraying the expenses of volunteer and our excessive taxation, and keeping up
cavalry, £ 37000 0 so large a standing army, which not only
Ditto for Ireland , 15,682 10 prevented the nations on the continent from
Chelsea Hospital , 25,000 0 considering us in the light of a commercial
In -pensioners of Kilmainham country , but excited such jealousy of our
Hospital, 8,3000 power as incited them to every possible
Out-pensioners of Chelsea , 393,200 0 means of injuring our trade. He contend .
Ditto of Kilmainham , 82,700 0 ed, that if the duties on foreign articles of
The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER consumption were greatly reduced, our trade
moved for a grant of £ 1,000,000 , to be would be much increased, in consequence
advanced to the armies who fought at Wa- the revenue would be eventually augment
terloo. Also the sum of £ 5,152,000 , to ed , and all classes of society benefitted.
make good out-standing Exchequer Bills. He concluded with proposing resolutions
Also £ 1,680,000 for the discharge of Irish tending to reprobate the conduct of minis
Exchequer Bills. And the House resumed. ters, and calling upon the House to take
POLICE IN IRELAND . the subject into their serious consideration .
Mar. 11.-Mr PEEL introduced a bill Mr ROBINSON replied ; and Lord Cas
for the better regulation of the Police in TLEREAGH, after stating that commercial
Ireland, which would gradually reduce the treatieswerecalculated to do more harm
military.establishment of that country. moved the orders of the day.
than good,
WAYS AND MEANS. The House divided . For going into the
Mar. 12. - The CHANCELLOR of the orders of the day
63 ; majority 118 ; forministers
in favourof the resolutions
55.
EXCHEQUER proposed that the sum of NAVY ESTIMATES.
£ 18,000,000 be raised by Exchequer Bills. Mar. 14. - Sir G. WARRENDER propos .
Agreed to . ed , that the sum of £ 1,140,000 be granted
PARLIAMENTARY REFORM.
for the ordinary service of the navy for six
The SPEAKER informed the House that lunar months, from the 1st of January 1817.
he had caused the several petitions to be SEDITIOUS ASSEMBLIES' BILL,
sorted. The total number presented by the Upon the third reading of this bill, Mr
VOL. I. 2D
210 Register.- Proceedings in Parliament. [May
W. SMITH took occasion to make an EXCHEQUER BILLS .
attack upon the author of a Poem called Mar. 20. On the motion of the Chancel
Wat Tyler, which he condemned as the lor of the Exchequer for the third reading
most seditious book that ever was written ; of the Exchequer Bills' Bill, Lord Coch
that government ought to repress this work , RANE insisted, that this system of Ex
and punish its author, who was, he under. chequer Bills was the real cause of the rise
stood, the writer of the 11th article in the in the funds, in consequence of the bills be
31st Number of the Quarterly Review , ing deposited in the hands of the bank, who
which contained sentiments strangely in issued their notes to ministers, to enable
contradiction to the spirit with which the them to go on without a loan. But this
poem was written . Mr C. W. Wynn, in would ultimately be the ruin of the public
reply, said, he was surprised the Hon. Gen. credit. The CHANCELLOR replied, that
tleman should amuse the House with criti . if the Noble Lord would take the trouble
cisms upon two anonymous publications, to inquire at the Stock Exchange, he would
and by personal reflections, in a place where find his opinion was totally wrong. ( Hear,
the author could make no answer. Sir hear, and much laughter.)
SAMUEL ROMILLY opposed the bill, ob WEIR'S PETITION .
serving, that to control doctrine by force, Mar. 21. - Sir SAMUEL ROMILLY pre
was as idle as to attemptto take a besieged sented a petition from John Weir of Glas
town by syllogism . Mr Canning support- gow , complaining that he had been unjust
edthebill, because, he said, persons went ly detained in prison, on charge of sedition,
amongst the poor , not that they felt their for two or three days, and then discharged.
distresses, or were anxious to relieve them , The Scots Lunatic Asylum Bill was read
but that their voices might be called forth , a first time.
and that they might take advantage of the ILLNESS OF THE SPEAKER.
inflammability of the people, to goad them Mar. 24. The Speaker being extremely
on to a subserviencyto
purposes.
their own wicked ill, it was earlyinthe evening understood,
Mr BROUGHAMentered his thatall questions likely to excite discussion
protestagainst the measure of putting the were to be put off.
power into the hands of a single magistrate, POOR LAWS .
of arresting any person for uttering any Mar. 25. - Several petitions were present
thing which, inhis opinion,tended ringedfrom
tob differentplaces,praying relief from
the government into contempt. A division
took place, when there appeared forthe thepoorrates; one of which f, rom Sudbury,
third reading,-ayes 179 ; noes 44 ; ma stated, that out of a population of 4000
souls, 2000 received parochial aid : and that
jority 135. the town lands paid 30s. per acre to the
ORDNANCE ESTIMATES.
poor rates .
Mar. 17.-Mr WARD moyed, that a SEDITIOUS MEETINGS' BILL .
sum not exceeding £ 258,000 be voted for Mar. 26.-A message from the Lords
the service
from of the
the 1st of Ordnance
January to the Department,
30th of June stated, that they had added some amend
ments to the bill. It was ordered that the
1817.- Agreed to . amendments be printed , and taken into
COTTAGE WINDOW TAX. consideration to -morrow .
Lord A. HAMILTON presented a petition ABOLITION OF SINECURES.
from the landholders and freeholders of the Mar. 27.-Mr DAVIES GILBERT ap
county of Lanark, praying for a repeal of peared at the bar, and stated , that he held
this tax .
in his hand the First Report of the Com
LOTTERIES.
mittee of Finance. ( Hear, hear , and a
Mar. 18.--Mr LYTTLETON moved, general cry of read , read .) As soon as
that the existence of state lotteries is preju- orderwas restored, the clerkbegan to read,
dicial to the people, and must ultimately di- and the substance amounted to this, that
minish the financial resources ofthe country. suchoffices as might be considered inthe
The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER
nature of sinecures, ought to be abolished
contended, that most of the evils formerly onthe death of the persons who now enjoy
attending upon lotteries had been done them . They therefore recommend, that
away with by the present mode of drawing, the following offices should be abolished,
and he did not see how such a sum could viz. Chief Justices of Eyre, north and south
be raised in a less objectionable way. Mr -Auditor of the Exchequer - Clerk of the
WILBERFORCE, in feeling and eloquent Bills - Four Tellers of the Exchequer - the
terms, recapitulated the evils attending on Warden of the Cinque Ports -- the Governor
lotteries . The House divided. For the re of the Isle of Wight-- and the Commissary.
solution 26 ; against it 72 ; majority 46. General of Musters . Mr GILBERT said ,
LUNATIC ASYLUMS IN SCOTLAND. it was unnecessary to go farther. Enough
Mar. 19. - Lord BINNING, in moving had been read to satisfy the House of the
to bring in a bill for their better regula- spirit of the report.
On the motion that the amendments to
tion , stated , that there were 1500 lunatics
in confinement, and about 2000 at large in the Seditious Meetings' Bill be now read,
Scotland. Leave given . they were postponed till to -morrow .
 1817.) Register. — British Chronicle . 211
and a Committee of Conference to commu .
SEDITIOUS MEETINGS' BILL . nicate with the Lords was appointed .
Mar : 28.-The SOLICITOR-GENERAL Mar. 29.-Mr VANSITTART, Mr BROG
moved, that the Lords' amendments to this toDEN, and others, who had been appointed
bill should be taken into consideration . manage a conference with the Lords,
Lord CocHRANE considered it his duty to stated, that they had left the bill, and a
delay the progressof the billby every means copy of the amendments, for their Lord
in his power ; and under that impression, ships' consideration . A message from the
he should have taken the sense of the House Lords informed the House, that their Lord .
on every one of the fifty -four amendments ; ships had agreed to the amendments.
but as he could not find a seconder, he ADJOURNMENT OF THE HOUSE .
must suppose the majority of the House Mar. 31.-- The Speaker, attended by
were right, and that he was wrong. Seve- several Members, went up to the House of
ral verbal amendments were read, and a. Lords, and heard the Royal Assent given
greed to . Mr BROUGHAM contended , that to several bills. Mr VANSITTART moved ,
all the amendments could not be proper- that the House, at its rising, should be ad
ly considered at so short notice, and he journed till Monday fortnight. •Mr Pon .
should therefore move that the farther con- SONBY hoped , that Ministers would , in the
sideration of them be adjourned till Mon- meantime, take some measures that would
day. The House divided , For the adjourn lead to a complete removal of the distresses
ment 31 ; against it 77 ; majority 46. The of the people . Adjourned till Monday fort
several otherclauses were then gone through, night.

BRITISH CHRONICLE.

FEBRUARY . have been voted by the Lord Provost and

1.- Mecting of Merchants. A meeting Magistrates of Glasgow, and by the Town .
was held yesterday, at the London Tavern, council of Paisley. Meetings for the same
of the principal merchants, bankers, and purpose have been called ofthe counties of
traders of thecity of London, Sir Robert Edinburgh, Haddington, Fife, Roxburgh ,
Wigram , Bart. in the chair; and a declar. Renfrew , and in various other parts of Scot
ation to the followingeffect was unanimous land.
ly adopted : After deploring the criminal Greenock.First Ship from the East
excesses which had lately disgraced the Indies. - Yesterday morning, the ship Anne
metropolis, it stated, “ ' that they were Robertson , Macfarlane, from Calcutta, laden
fully sensible of the distresses and privations with sugar, cotton , indigo, & c. came into
of the lower classes of people, and were this port, being the first arrival in the Clyde,
anxiously desirous of using every practica- consequent on the breaking up of the East
ble means of relief, at the same time pledg- India Company'smonopoly ; and it is truly
ing themselves, individually and collectively, gratifying to find, that the most sanguine
to support the government and constitution anticipationsthen entertained of the bene
as by law established ; and to resist every fits to be derived from throwing this trade
attempt, whether of craft or violence, that open , bid fair to be amply realized.
may be directed against civil liberty or 8. - Mildness of the Season.--As a proof
social peace.” The opinion of this most of the extreme mildness of the season , the
respectable body of men has always had following plants were observed in blossom
great influence upon thepublic mind, and on the 30th ult. in a garden in the neigh
will doubtless have a good effect at the pre- bourhood of Glasgow , viz. the wall-flower,
sent crisis.
stock primrose, cowslip, polyanthus, daisy,
6. — The Levee. --The Prince Regent's hepatica, crocus, Christmas rose, green hel
levee, at Carlton House, this day, was one lebore, winter aconite , white coltsfoot, whit.
of the most numerous that is recollected, low grass, scurvy grass, golden saxifrage,
as persons of rank and distinction , of all and early flowering heath ; besides which ,
parties, were anxious to congratulate his many gooseberry bushes, currants, roses,
Royal Highness on his escape from the late honeysuckles, and even some plants of haw
treasonable attempt onhis person . thorn, had already unfolded their leaves.
6. - Edinburgh Address. - At an extra- 10. — The Spafields Meeting. Every
ordinary meeting of the Town -council of precaution was taken to prevent any riot or
Edinburgh, on Monday the 3d instant, the disturbance from the meeting at Spafields,
Lord Provost, Magistrates, and Council, vot- which was announced to take placethis day.
ed a dutiful and loyal address to the Prince About one o'clock several thousand persons
Regent, expressing their detestation of the had assembled , when Mr Hunt madehis ap
gross outrage offered to his Royal Highness pearance ; and, after stating that Lord Coch . 1

on his return from opening the Parliament, rane could not attend, and that Sir Francis
on Tuesday the 28th ult. Similar addresses Burdett would not, he delivered a long and
212 Register . - British Chronicle , [May
desultory speech,
of resolutions, concluding
having for theirwith a string
object strument
to ob- next is to be shipped for India by the
outward -bound fleet.
tain annual parliaments and universal suf. 13.Union Canal.On Saturday the
frage . The resolutions were then embodied 8th, the petition for leave to bring into Pare
into the form of a petition , and carried byliament the Bill for the Union Canal was
acclamation. It was taken , by the chair despatched to London, signed and sealed by
man of the meeting, down to the House of the cities of Edinburgh and Glasgow , and
Commons, with the view of putting it into having the subscriptions of a number of re
the hands of Lord Folkstone tobe present- spectable individuals of both cities, well
ed . The crowd gradually dispersed. Mr wishers to that much wanted and most use
Hunt paraded through several of the prin fulundertaking.
cipal streets, with an immense mob follow . 13. - New Coin .-- The exchange of the
ing his tandem , but, though rather turbu. new for the old silver coin commenced this
lent, no michief ensued . day at the several banks and banking houses
Mural Monument.Soon after the com . in this city and Leith ; and the issue is to
pletion of the iron bridge at Bonar, in besimultaneous throughout the kingdom .
the county of Sutherland , George Demp- -The new.coins are very handsome, con
ster, Esq. of Dunnichen , expressed a wish sisting of crowns, half-crowns, shillings,
to be allowed to have placed , at his ex- and sixpences. On the crowns and half
pense , in a conspicuous place at Bonar crowns is the head of his Majesty, with the
Bridge, a mural monument, or tablet of words Georgius III. Dei Gratia , 1816 ; on
marble, with an inscription, expressive, the reverse , Rex. Fid.Def. Britanniarum ,
and as a lastingmemorial, of the patriotic with the royal arms and motto encircled by
exertions of the Commissioners for Highland the collar of the order of the Garter, súr.
roads and bridges. The tablet, which is of mounted with a crown. On the shillings
white marble, about four feet in height, and sixpences is his Majesty's head , with
and three feet in breadth, with two pedestals the words Geor. III. D. G. Britt. Rex.
of Portland stone, having been safely land F. D. 1816. The arms on the reverse are
ed at Bonar, the heritors, & c . of the coun . encircled with the Garter , surmounted with
ty of Sutherland, at their last Michaelmas the crown. The raised rim protects the im
Head Court, directed that it should be forth . pressions, and each coin has a milled edge.
with erected, agreeable to the wish of the 14 ---Commitment to the Tower.- Wata
patriotic donor, and voted thanks to Mr son , Preston, Hooper , and Kean , alias
Dempster for the handsome gift, which Kearns, having been ordered to be commit
were communicated to him by the convener . ted to the Tower, four hackney coaches
The inscription is as follows : were procured, and one prisoner put into
TRAVELLER ! each , under the care of a king's messenger
Stop and read with gratitude and a Bow Street. officer. Sir Anthony
The names of the Parliamentary Commis. Conant rode in the first coach. They left the
sioners, appointed, in the year 1803, to Secretary of State's office about five o'clock ,
direct the making of about five hundred and proceeded to the Tower. As soon as
miles of roads through the Highlands of the coaches had entered , the gates were
Scotland, and of numerous bridges, par . closed, and the Deputy-Governor and Col.
ticularly those at Beauly, Scuddel, Bonar, Sutton, the colonel of the guard on duty,
Fleet, and Helmsdale, connecting those took charge of the prisoners, and conducted
roads;-yiz. them to second rate apartments, which had
Right Honourable Charles Abbot. been prepared for their reception ; each is
Right Honourable Nicholas Vansittart. confined in a separate room . Two wardens
Right Honourable William Dundas. (yeomen of the guard ) are to be in each
Sir William Pulteney, Bart. room constantly with them ; and at the
Isaac Hawkins Brown, Esq. outside of each room door there are two
Charles Grant, Esq. centinels.
William Smith , Esq. 15.- Naval Monument.A numerous
To whom were afterwards added , meeting of the subscribers to the naval mo
Archibald Colquhoun , Esq. Lord Ad- nument to be erected to the memory of the
vocate. late Lord Melville, was held at Oman's
Charles Dundas, Esq. Hotel , in Edinburgh, on Tuesday, when
Right Honourable Nathaniel Bond. the state of the funds was laid before them ;
This building was begun in September 1811 , and it was unanimously resolved, that a
and finished in November 1812 . committee be formed for carrying the said
Thomas Telford , architect. work into execution , and that they be in .
Simpson and Cargill, builders. structed to fix upon a place for erecting the
This stone wasplaced here by said monument ,to procure plans, to decide
GEORGE DEMPSTERof Dunnichen, in the upon the same, and proceed forthwith in
year 1815 . the execution thereof.
Organ. A superb organ has just been 15. - County Mecting:- -Yesterday, a
built , at an expense of 4000 guineas, as a very numerous meeting of the county of
present from the Countess of Loudon and Edinburgh was held in the Parliament
Moira to the church at Calcutta. This in House, when an address to the Prince Re.
1611.) Register.British Chronicle. 218
gent, on the late outrages, was proposed, speechof considerable length , he read the
and unanimously agreedto. declaration , which stated the determination
18. - Dreadful Fire. — The worsted mill, of the society to promote constitutional re
belonging to Messrs Edward and Joseph form in the Commons House of Parliament,
Pease of Darlington , has been entirely de.and concluded in the following words ;
stroyed by fire. The damage is estimated “ Waving, therefore, the discussion of all
at £ 35,000, and upwards of 500 people will particulartenets, and details of reform , re
be thrown out of employment for many sisting corruption on the one hand , and vio
months to come. lence on theother, this meeting pledges it .
The Gazette of this day contains a pro- self to leave no legal and constitutionalmeans
clamation , offering a reward of £ 500 for unexerted, for inducing the legislature to
the apprehension of James Watson the take the grievances of the people into its
younger ; and likewise a reward of the early and serious consideration, and (by a
same sum for the apprehension of Arthur mending the state of representation) to ren
Thistlewood ; with a full description of their der the House of Commons, in fact, as it is
persons. of right, a control upon the executivego
20. The Queen's Birth -day . This day vernment, and an express image of the feel.
being appointed to celebrate her Ma- ings of the nation." Several gentlemen,
jesty's birth -day, her Majesty held a draw. particularly Mr Curran, delivered their sen .
ing -room , which displayed a most magni- timents very freely, but all of them disclaim
ficent assemblage of rank and beauty. The ed the idea of annual parliaments and uni
Prince Regent had commanded notice to be versal suffrage ; and the meeting was con
given in the Gazette , that the celebration ducted with that degree of moderationwhich
of the Queen's birth -day, and his own , should be an example to all the true friends
should be considered as public court festi- and advocates of reform .
vals, and that those who attended the court, Striking the Fiars. The act of sederunt
should appear in dresses of British manu. of the Court of Session (December 21 , 1723)
facture only ; and he set alaudable example, constitutes the law with regard to the strik
in ordering all his state officers, and others ing of the fiars ; and as this is a subject of
of the royal establishment, to appear in new greatand increasing importance, we insert
costly dresses , in which every article, not of the following short outline of its provi.
British manufacture, was strictly prohibit- sions :
ed ; which , as a pattern to the higher or- Ist, Fifteen persons, who have “ know
ders generally , will be a great benefit to ledge and experience of the prices and trade
numberless industrious families. Indeed, of victual " (not fewer than eight of them
all the company present shewed they had heritors) shall be chosen as a jury, to sit be
been equally anxious to relieve their suffer. tween the 4th and 20th February.
ing countrymen , by affording them employ- 2d , Witnesses shall be examined , con
ment, which is the only permanently useful cerning the price at which victual has been
mode of relief. “ bought and sold , especially since the 1st
20. - A London Gazette was published of November immediately preceding,” and
this day. It consists of ten pages, and is also “ concerning all other good grounds
entirely filled with addresses of congratula- and arguments ” for establishing the just
tion to the Prince Regent on his late happy fiar prices.
escape . 3d, Any persons " present in court,” may
24.Pilgrimage to Jerusalem .Such is “ offer information to the jury concerning
the infatuation of the believers in the doc . the premises and the evidence adduced .”
trines of that ridiculous old woman , Johanna 4th , The Sheriff, if necessary , may ad
Southcote, that severalpersons in Leeds are journ to a subsequent day, but must pro .
actually quitting comfortable situations in nounce sentence on or before the 1st of
life, to embark on a pilgrimage to Jerusa . March .
lem ! where they are fully persuaded, they 5th , The Sheriff, if needful or customary ,
are to live without money , or labour, or may strike the fiars more than once every
sorrow , or pain , for at least 1000 years ! year.
24. - Friends of Public Order . - A meet- 6th , The fiars must be recorded in the
ing of the friendsof public order, retrench- sheriff books, and extracts shall be given
ment, and reform , dined together on Satur. by the clerk ,when demanded, on payment
day last, at the Freemason's Tavern. At of seven shillings Scots for each , and no
half-past five o'clock , Mr Lucas took the more .
chair, with the Hon . Thomas Brand on his 27.-- Arrests at Glasgow.On Saturday
right, and Sir Francis Burdett on his left night, the 22d instant, about eleven o'clock ,
side. Amongst the company present were, eighteen men were takenup, under a She
the Hon. Douglas Kinnaird, J. Philpot riff's warrant, in a small public house at
Curran , Alderman Goodbehere, Mr Waith- the head of the Old Wynd, Glasgow, and
man , Mr Phillips, & c. A declaration was lodged in jail for examination. It is un
handed by the chairman to his friend Mr derstood that they are charged with having
Peter of Cornwall, with a request that he met for treasonable purposes. On being
would preface the reading of it with some
observations
questioned as to the objectof their meeting,
of his own ; when , after a they declared , it was solely with the view
 214 , Register .- British Chronicle . May
of concerting measures for ascertaining the The proficiency of the pupils, forty -eight in
question , how far they were entitled by law number, in all the branches of education ,
to parochial relief. A schoolmaster and a was calculated to give universal satisfaction ;
writer's clerk were in the company, the rest and it is scarcely possible toimagine a more
were , apparently , very poor people. Seven truly gratifying spectacle, than the exhibi.
more men of the last description were taken tion of so many young persons ,rescued from
upby warrants in the course of the night, the most deplorablestate of infirmity and
and another on Sunday, making in all privation, and introduced , by the exertions
twenty -six. of enlightened benevolence, to all the use .
27. Attempt at Rescue.- On Tuesday, fulnessand comforts of social life, and to
the 25th instant, two men were apprehend the enjoyments, the hopes, and the consola
ed in Anderston , and committed to jail tions of rational and immortal beings.
under similar charges with the above. On 4. - Hoarding of Silder, Lately , an
their way to prison, near the Broomielaw , old man, apparently poor, with a very
a considerable crowd collected , who attempt. clownish gait, was observed walking to and
ed a rescue. The soldiers were obliged to fro before the British Linen Company's
fire, but no person was hurt. Three of the bank at Dumfries; after considerable hesi.
ringleaders of this mob were apprehended, tation he ventured in, and inquired for the
and also lodged in jail. head o' the house. " - " I am the head of
28.-- Petition of the Livery. - A meeting the house,” said Mr C.; “ what was it you
of the Livery of London was held in the wanted ?" _ " .I want to ken gif ye hae
Common Hall, for the purpose of petition- power to tak the auld siller ?" - " Oh yes,
ing parliament against the suspensionof the I take the old silver ; how much have you ?
Habeas Corpus Act, when Mr Waithman, perhaps five pounds ?" - " I haemair than
in a long speech, declared it as his opinion, that Ihae five hunner punds !”
that there were no grounds to warrant such 5. - Curious Fact in Natural History .
an encroachment upon the liberty of the Some time ago , at Lochmaben, two crows,
subject ; and after ridiculing the contents of which had been accustomed to build on the
the green bag, and the alarm which they same tree, being considered troublesome by
had excited, a petition , founded upon reso- consuming the seed -corn , were ordered to
lutions which had been proposed by Mr be shot. Immediately after, a number of
Favell, was unanimously agreed to. A si- crows assembled , and made a considerable
milar petition was also unanimously agreed another.
to be presented to the House of Lords.
noise, apparentlycommunicating with one
Two of their number were then
deputed to attend the young brood belong
MARCH . ing to the crows which had been killed , and
1.- New Village.- The Earl of Fife has which duty they diligently performed , and
generously offered to settle on his estates brought the young ones to maturity.
various families of the western islands, who 5 .__ Robbery of the Mail. — On the 3d in
were ready to emigrate to America ; and we stant, the mail between Edinburgh and
observe, with pleasure, that he is building a Stirling was robbed of a parcel containing
new village near Keith , where every encou- bank notes amounting to £5000. The rob .
ragement is offered to the settlers. bery must have been committed by three
General Asscmbly. — The Right Hon. men, who had previously taken
places. The
Lord Napier having retired from the officeparcel was safely lodged in the coach ; and
of Lord High Commissioner to the General one of the men , having a greatcoat thrown
Assembly of the Church of Scotland, the , over his arm , got into the coach , and was
Right Hon. the Earl of Errol is appointed shortly after followed by the others, who
to that high station . did not appear to have any knowledge of
3. Violent Gale. Thismorning itblew each other. Just before the mail started ,
a strong gale of wind from the W.N.W. the man who first entered said , that he had
It was high water at Leith 34 minutes past forgotten certain papers and documents,
two in the morning, about which time the without which it would be fatal to his in
tide ran strong into the harbour ; for which terest to proceed on his journey, and he
several vessels were obliged to make, owing quitted the coach with his coat across his
to the violence of the gale ; some attempting arm in the same manner as he entered it,
to go out at the sametime, they ran foul of taking with him , however, (as it is supposed)
cach other, and great confusion and damage the parcel concealed under his coat. The
ensued . Out of ten vessels thus circum- other persons quitted the coach before its
stanced, no less than five sunk at the Fer arrival at Stirling, at which place the notes
ry -boat Stairs, and, it is feared , will be to- were made payable, and where the robbery
tally wrecked . Several small boats were was discovered .Notwithstanding the most
also dashed to pieces, but happily no lives diligent search, by officers from Bow Street
were lost. and Edinburgh, no traces of the delinquents
3. - Deaf and Dumb Institution . — The have yet been found.
annual general meeting of the members of 6. — Melancholy Accident. On Sunday
the Deafand Dumb Institution, and public afternoon, the 2d instant, as Mr Perry,
examination of its pupils, took place in the manager at Messrs Todd & Shortridge's
Assembly Rooms on Monday, 24th , ult. printfield, with two boys, his children , was
1817.] Register .-- British Chronicle . 215

crossing the Leven in a boat, the chain , given to fit up proper apartments in Edin
which is fastened on cach bank, became burgh castle for their reception , to which
entangled with the bow , and the boat ship- place they are to be removed.
ped water and sunk. Mr Perry seized his Gas-light Company.-- Arrangements have
children , and for some minutes supported been made for the establishment of a gas
them in his arms. He was, however, com- light company in this city, and we have to
pelled to quit them , and make for the shore; congratulate our fellow -citizens on the near
but he became exhausted , and shared the prospect of a great improvement being made
melancholy fate of his children . in the lighting of the streets. Political eco
7. - Extraordinary Mendicant. A man nomists are not, however, agreed, whether
of the name of Brookes, who had for many or not the advantages arising from the gen
years subsisted by begging in the borough eral use of gas-lights are sufficient to coun
of Southwark , lately died , worth upwardsof terbalance the evil that will arise from the
£ 4000 in land and houses. Several years corresponding diminution of maritime em
ago, he purchased, in another person's name, ployment inthe whale fishery.
a landed estate in the neighbourhood of 10. - Meeting at Manchester.On Mon
Woolwich - fearing, that if he had it con- day the 3d instant, a meeting was held at
veyed to himself,it might take wind , and Manchester, previous to which it was inti
altogether destroy his favourite pursuit of mated, that the numbers to be collected on
mendicity. At the time of his demise, that day would proceed to London , to pre
there were four new houses, but not nearly sent a petition tothe Prince Regent, for the
finished , in the Borough -road, which were purpose of “ undeceiving him .' Placards
built with his money , but were prevented were stuck up , and handbills distributed.
from being finished by an accident of a very The people of Stockport were invited to join
serious result, and produced entirely by his those of Manchester on Lancashire Hill.
original attachment to deception. The It was insinuated , that 25,000 stand of arms
builder over -reached him in the contract ; at Birmingham might be secured. The ar
and, after obtaining £ 1200 of his money , rivals in the course of the day could not be
refused to finish them , which preyed so less than from 60 to 70,000. Early in the
strongly on his mind, that, in a fit of des- morning, the streets of Manchester were
pair ,he put an end to his life by firing a crowded by thousands, of whom a great
pistol intohis mouth . part were prepared with blankets and bun
Employment of the Poor. The Board of dles for the march to London . A temporary
Agriculture, considering the public benefitstage was erected upon a cart at the place of
which would result from increasing the em- assembly, and the instigators of the meeting
ployment of the agricultural poor at this appeared upon it about nine o'clock, and
juncture, and being desirous that as much delivered harangues of the most inflamma
information as possible should be collected tory kind. Members poured in in shoals
and made known to the public, have resolv- every minute, whenit was deemed necessary
ed to give the following premiums : to call in the civil and military power , as
To the person who shall draw up, and had been previously arranged by the magis
produce to the Board, the best essay on the trates, in conjunction with Sir John Byng,
means of employing the unoccupied and the commander of the district : and by a
industrious poor-- the gold medal, or one quick movement, the cart was completely
hundred pounds : to be produced on or be surrounded , and all who were upon the
fore the 1st March 1818. stage were conveyedto prison . About 200
To the person who shall, during the spring have been apprehended ; and after the judi
of 1817, cause to be dug by hand, for the cious and compassionate permission of the
production of any crop of corn or pulse, tur- magistrates, in sufferingthese poor deluded
nips or cabbages, the greatest number of people to procure lodgings for the night,
acres, not less than ten , never dug before, they quietly returned to their homes next
the gold medal, or fifty pounds. morning, without further alarm to the coun
For the next greatest number, not less try or peril to themselves.
than five - twenty -five pounds. Meeting of Catholics.- At an aggregate
Certificates of the space of land dug, sort meeting of Roman Catholics, held in Cla
of soil, and depth , and for what crop, and rendon Street chapel, on 6th March , reso
the produce thereof, to be produced on or lutions were passed, declaring their decided
before the 1st day of March 1818. and conscientious conviction , that any power
10. - Commitments at Glasgow .After a granted to the Crown of Great Britain, of
long and patient examination before the interfering, directly or indirectly, in the
Sheriff, fourteen persons have been com- appointmentof bishops for the Roman Ca
mitted for trial, on the charge of conspiring tholic church in Ireland , must essentially
against the govern ent, and taking an un- injure, and may eventually subvert, the
lawful oath . Of those formerly in custody, Roman Catholic religion in this country.
two have been liberated on bail ; namely, That they should not receive as a boon any
an auctioneer's porter and a weaver. Ano- portion of civil liberty, accompanied by that
ther bookseller has been examined , on a which the Catholic prelates and people of
charge of publishing seditious pamphlets, Ireland have condemned as essentially inju
and admitted to bail. Orders have been rious, and probably destructive, to their
6
216 Register .. British Chronicle. [ May
religion ; and do solemnly declare, that & c. on his way. He returned to London
they infinitely prefer their present situation by the western road , passing through Car
in the state to any emancipation which may lisle and theprincipal townsin that quarter.
be directly or indirectly coupled with the The agreeable manners of this prince ren
veto . dered him very popular in thispart of the
Nero Coinage. It isnot, perhaps, gene- kingdom , and he was pleased to express,
rally known , that on all the new coin the on different occasions, his high satisfaction
letters W. W. P. (the initials of the Right with the reception that he had everywhere
Hon . William Wellesley Pole) are conspi. experienced.
cuously placed on the ornamental part round 20. - Commitments to the Castle. Nine
the royal arms, between the harp and the persons, apprehended at Glasgow , on sus
word * Honi.” On the opposite, also in picion of treasonable practices, have been
the ornamental part, is the letter W. for lodged in Edinburgh castle, the gates of
worker. The following is the exact weight which are shut, and the sentinels have or
of each piece : ders to exclude all but those belonging to ,
Dwt. Grs . or having business with , the garrison.
A crown 18 4 36-100ths Melville's Monument. Wehear that the
A half- crown, 9 2 18-100ths committee of subscribers for erecting amo
A shilling, 3 15 3-11ths troy. nument to the memory of the late Lord
A sixpence , 1 19 7-11ths Viscount Melville have fixed upon the
12.- Hampshire Meeting .- A meeting north -east corner of the Calton Hill, ex
took place yesterday at Winchester, in con- actly overlooking the excise-office, and in
sequence of a requisition to the High Sheriff. the line of George Street - a most excellent
A loyal, constitutional, and dutiful address situation for such a structure. On Wednes
was moved by SirC. Ogle, which accorded day last, in consequence of an application to
with the views and sentiments of the great the Town Council by the committee, for
and respectable body of the people of Hamp- liberty to build on this spot, they unani
shire. An amendment wasmoved by Lord mously agreed to their request.
Cochrane. Mr Cobbett and Mr Hunt both Bonaparte. - A gentleman named Wallis,
attempted to speak, but they were violently who touched at St Helena on the 9th of
assailed with hisses and groans, and were December last, in the ship Fanny of Lon
forced to quit the field without a single don, states, that the following is a correct
huzza fromthe people. account of the provisions allowed Bonaparte
Mildew . TheRev. William Elliot, of and his attendants, which he receives daily
Bishop's Stortford, Herts, and Mr James from Messrs Balcombe & Co. who are ap
Leader, of Dunmow , Essex, have lately pointed by Government to be his purveyors,
addressed the public through a contempo- viz.
rary print, in recommendation of a friend 6 bottles claret 30 eggs
of theirs, a gentleman of family and respect- 19 do. Capedo. 8 lb. butter
ability, who has made one of the most im- 6 do. Teneriffe 2 lb. lard
portant discoveries ever yet offered to the 1 do. Madeira 2 lb. coffee
agricultural world ; no less than a preven- 1 do . Constantia Ib . tea
tion of the mildew in wheat, with invariable 25 loaves bread, 5 lb. 5 lb. moist sugar
certainty . He professes to be able to mil- flour 2 lb. white do .
dew one land of wheat,and prevent the ad- 65 lb. beef Vegetables to £1.
joining one from all such infection. He has, 36 lb. mutton Fruit 10s.
in conversation , told several farmers, while 6 fowls Sweetmeats 85.
looking over their crops, that he is in pos- 1 goose or turkey 35 candles ;
sessionboth of the cause and cure of mil. With aproportion of pepper, salt, oil, and
dew . The method and expense quite within ustard ; the whole amounting to about
any man's reach . A remuneration is ex . £174 in fourteen days.
pected , but not until after absolute convic- Curious Case.At the Lincoln assizes,
tion of success. in an action , Wright v . Jessop, the plaintiff,
17.- Grand Duke Nicholas.- The Grandan apothecary of Bottesford, sought to re
Duke Nicholas of Russia , accompanied by cover from the defendant, a bachelor of
the Duke of Devonshire and several other opulence, residing near Lincoln, £ 787, 18s.
distinguished personages, embarked at Do- for medicine and attendance duringtwenty
ver this morning , on board the Royal Sove. five years. By the statement of the plaintiff's
reignyacht, for the continent. His Impe- counsel,it appeared that the defendant was
rial Highness had been several months in of a hypochondriacal turn, and had taken
the country, which he employed in visiting pills for a great number of years : he used
the principal manufacturing towns, and to have from 600 to 2000 pills sent to him
inspecting the most distinguished public at a time, and in one year he took 51,000 !
establishments ofthe kingdom . He arrived being at the rateof 150 a-day. There were
in Edinburgh on the 16th of December, also thousands of bottles ofmixture. From
and was received with all the honours due the ravenous propensity of the patient for
to his high rank. After remaining here a physic, it was deemed necessary to call in
week, his Imperial Highness set off for two physicians, who, inquiring of the de
Glasgow, visiting the iron -works at Carron fendant what was the course of medicit.
1817.) Register - British Chronicle. 217

and nourishment he pursued through the land Society of London , on the 21st instant,
day, answered as follows : " At half-past metto celebrate theanniversary of the Battle
two o'clock in the morning, I take two of Alexandria, in the Freemason's Tavern.
spoonfuls and a half of jalap, andthen a This meeting was the most numerous and
quantity of electuary; then I sleep till seven , splendid, without exception, of any which
and repeat the dose of both jalap and elec- evertook place. The chieftains, and most
tuary ; at nine o'clock I take 14 pills of of the members, wore Highland dresses,
No 9, and 11 pills of No 10, to whet my richly ornamented,
charac
whichappear
had a most splen
appetite forbreakfast ; at breakfast I eat a did and teristic ance. The
basin of milk ; at eleven I have an acid and Duke ofYork took the chair as president,
alkali mixture ; afterwards I have a bolus ; supported by the Dukes of Argyle and
and at nine at night I have an anodyne Athol, the Marquis of Huntly, and a num
mixture, and go to sleep .” After some ber of noblemen and gentlemen connected
progress had been made in the evidence, a with the Highlands. The gallery was filled
compromise took place, the plaintiff accept- with an assemblage of beauty, from the first
ing a verdict for £ 450 . families in the country, many of them in the
Old Coins. - A farmer at Bar -le-Duc, in Highland costume. His Royal Highness
France, digging lately near the trunk of an the Duke of York, after two or three of the
old tree, found seven pieces of large gold national toasts had been given in Gaelic
coin, which bear the effigy of James Ví. and English , explained , in a short address,
king of Scotland (afterwards James I. of the occasion on which they were assembled,
England ). These were in circulation at -viz. to present, from the Highland So
Bar , during the residence of James II. of ciety, a piece of plate to the 420 Regiment,
England there, in 1712. or Royal Highlanders, as an acknowledg
The ploughman of Mr H. Land, of Sea ment of the high sense entertained by the
Street, Hearne, in Kent, lastweek ploughed Society of the distinguished services of that
up , in one of his master's fields, a guinea regiment; and added , it was with peculiar
coined in the reign of Charles II. in high satisfaction that, in the discharge of his
preservation. Money of this denomination duty as chairman of the meeting, he now
was first coined by that monarch, and called addressed himself to the Marquisof Hunt
aGuinea, from being made of gold import- ly, its noble commander, on whom , and on
ed from the part of the African coast which the conduct of the regiment in the various
goes by that name. parts of the world in which they had been eri
24. - Boat upset. - About one o'clock in gaged ,his Royal Highness passed an animated
the afternoon of Thursday, the 13th instant, encomium . His Royal Highness then pre
as two fishing boats, belonging to the East sented to the Noble Marquis a richlychased
Haven , were making for the Bell Rock to- silver tripod, with fluted bowl ; the legs of
wards Arbroath, one of them , in consequence the tripod were ornamented with thistle fo
of carrying too great a press of sail, run liage, and altogether adorned with appro
down, a short distance from that harbour, priate emblems. The Marquis of Huntly,
and the whole crew , consisting of six per- in returning thanks to his Royal Highness
sons, were committed to the mercy of the and the society, said it could not but be
waves, and one person onlywas saved. highly gratifying to himself, and the other
A hard Law . At the Lincoln Assizes, officers ofthe regiment of Royal Highland
Wm Nubert, and Ann , his wife, were tried ers, that, in so numerous and respectable a
for a burglary. The evidence was clear, body as he saw assembled there thatday,
but Nubert declared he did it by the per his Royal Highness, as commander in chief,
suasion of his wife,which she acknowledged, had spoken of the regiment in such flatter
declaring, “ I am the wretched cause of his ing terms. The vase having been present
committing the robbery, and if I only could ed, theDuke of York resigned the chair to
be hanged I should be satisfied .” The judgethe Duke of Argyle, who is president for
observed , that, in point of law , Ann Nu- the year. A number of noblemen and
bert could not be convicted of this crime, gentlemen were admitted as members.
for, as she acted with her husband, the law When the Duke of Argyle withdrew , the
regarded her as acting under his coercion. chair was taken by the Marquis ofHuntly,
“. You and I, who are married men (said who kept up thatspirit of conviviality char
his lordship to the jury ), know that this pre- acteristic of a Highland meeting, to alate
sumption of the law is often wrong , and hour on Saturday morning . Every thing
thatthe husband is too often coercedby the was conducted according to the ancient ban
wife. ( A laugh.) I believe I have made quetting of feudal times. The great cup of
myselfintelligible, though perhaps my in- friendlypledge went round the hall. The
formation may not be very palatable ; it is whisky was drankout of the shell. A cele
not our business to inquire why the law is brated piper struck up “ The Gathering,
so , but it is our duty to act as it requires ; as the head of each clan was toasted , whilst
and therefore, gentlemen, you mustacquit Gow's band roused the company with those
the female prisoner.” The jury according- national airs which make the heart light.
ly acquitted the wife, and found William 28.- Cobbett's Departure. - A letter from
Nubert guilty. Liverpool, dated the 26th instant, says , that
27. - The Highland Society. The High- “ Mr Cobbett and his two sons are arrived
Vol. I. 2 E
 218 Register - British Legislation . [ May
here and have taken their passage for New from this yard for fifty years, which circum
York, in the Imported, Captain Hall. She stance, added to the fineness of the weather,
sails to -morrow ,if the wind permits, and is drew together an unusual concourse of spec
full of passengers . tators ; and the ceremony of consigning her
29. - Ancient Coins..There have been to the waves was performed with all that
lately found in the ancient manor of Ulches- coolness, regularity, and precision , which
ter, Northumberland, nearly 1000 silver ever mark such occasions in this kingdom .
coins, which appear to be pennies of the 31.- Sudden Deaths.- On Saturday af.
reigns of Stephen and Henry II. ternoon , a woman dropped down dead in
29.-True Highlanders. Among the ad . one of the streets of Leith ; and about three
dresses published in the last London gazette hours after, a porter, who had been relating
to the Prince Regent, in consequence of the the circumstance in a shop on the shore, also
late atrocious insult offered to his person , is suddenly dropped down , and instantly ex
one from the Society of True Highlanders, pired.
in the Gaelic tongue. It is headed , " Fame 31. — The Theatre. - On Saturday night,
acquired by valour,the triumph of True the 29thinstant, Mr Kemble took his final
Highlanders, ” and is signed by Colonel A. leave ofthe Edinburgh audience in Macbeth ;
Macdonnel of Glengary. on which occasion he delivered a farewell
29.- Launch of the Agincourt. – The address, written by Mr Walter Scotte The
Agincourt, a fine new seventy -four, was house overflowed to witness the last perfor.
launched from Plymouth -yard on Wednes- mance (here) of this great actor, and it was
day last. It is remarkable, that she is the not easy to determine whether theemotion of
only seventy-four that has been launched the audience or of Mr Kemble predominated .

BRITISH LEGISLATION .

Acts passed in the 57th Year of the Reign of George III. orin the Fifth Session
of the Fifth Parliamentof the United Kingdom .

CAP. I. To continue and extend the Pro- at or upon the day on which this Act shall
visions of an Act of the Forty - ninth Year receive his Majesty's royal assent, or after,
of his present Majesty, for regulating the by warrant of his said Majesty's most hon
Trade and Commerceto and from the Cape ourable Privy Council, signed by six of the
of Good Hope, until the 5th day of July said Privy Council, for high treason, sus
1820 ; and also for regulating the Trade of picion of high treason , or treasonable prac
the Island ofMauritius. - Feb . 24, 1817. tices, or by warrant signed by any of his
Trade to theeastward of theCape of Good Majesty's Secretaries of State, for such
Hope, to be regulated by Order in Council. causes as aforesaid , may be detained in safe
-Goods imported or exported contrary to custody, without bail or mainprize, until
Order in Council, forfeited , as also the ves- the 1st day of July 1817; and that no judge
sels. East India Company's rights not to or justice of the peace shall bail ortry any
be effected . such person or persons so committed, with
CAP . II. For raising the sum of TWEN- out order from his said Majesty's Privy
TY - FOUR MILLIONS, by Exchequer Bills, Council, signed by six of the said Privy
for the Service oftheYear 1817.Feb. 24. Council, until the 1st day of July 1817;
The Treasury may raise £ 24,000,000 by any law or statute to the contrarynotwith
Exchequer Bills, in like manner as is pre- standing. Act in Scotland of 1701 , so far
scribed by 48 GEO. III. cap. I. - Treasury as relates to treason suspended .-- Persons
to apply the moneyso raised.- To be pay- committed there not to be tried, & c. with
able out of the Supplies for the next Session. out such order as aforesaid , From and af.
To bear an interest not exceeding 3 }d. ter the 1st day of July 1817, the said per
per cent. per diem . To be current at the sons so committed, shall have the benefit
Exchequer after April 5 , 1818. Bank of and advantage of all laws and statutes in
England may advance £ 15,000,000on the any way relating to, or providing for, the
credit of this Act , notwithstanding the Act liberty of the subjects of this realm.Pri
5 and 6 Gul. & Mariæ . vileges of Members of Parliament not inva .
CAP. III . To empower his Majesty to lidated . Persons against whom indictments
secure and detain such Persons as his Ma . for high treason are already found, to be
jesty shall suspect are conspiringagainst his tried thereon.— The Secretaryof State may
Person and Government. March 4 . order persons committed to be removed to
That all, or anyperson or persons, that any other gaol ; but persons so removed ,
are or shall be in prison within that part of are not to be deprived of right to be tried or
the United Kingdom called Great Britain, discharged.
 1817.] Register.- Appointments, Promotions, fc. 219
Cap. IV . To extend the privileges of the or paying anysuch contributions as afore
Trade of Malta to the Portof Gibraltar. said.-- Bank of England authorized to ad
March 4 . vance a certain sum not exceeding three
Cap . V. For continuing to his Majesty millions onthe credit of this act.
certain Duties on Malt, Sugar, Tobacco , Cap. VI. To make perpetual certain
and Snuff, in Great Britain ; and on Pen- Parts of an Act of the Thirty - sixth Year
sions, Offices, and Personal Estates in Eng , of his present Majesty, for the safety and
land ; and for receiving the Contributions of Preservation of his Majesty's Person and
Persons receiving Pensions and holding " Government against Treasonable and Sedi
Offices ; for the Service of the Year 1817. tious Practices and Attempts ; and for the
-March 4. Safety and Preservation of the Person of
Sect. 38. - Whereas his Royal Highness his Royal Highness the Prince Regent
w the Prince Regent has been graciously pleas- against Treasonable Practices and Attempts.
ed to direct certain sums to be contributed March 17.
and paid, from the Civil List revenue, in Cap. VII. To revive and make perpetu
aid of the public service of the year 1817 ; al, Two Acts of the Thirty - seventh Year of
and whereas many persons holding offices his present Majesty , the one in the Parlia
and places in his Majesty's service, and ment of Great Britain, and the other in the
others having orholding pensions or other Parliament of Ireland, for the better Pre
emoluments derived from the public, are vention and Punishment of Attempts to
desirous of contributing proportions of their Seduce Persons serving in his Majesty's
respective official incomes, salaries, pensions, Forces by Sea or Land from their Duty
or other emoluments , forthe samepurpose ; and Allegiance to his Majesty, or to incite
be it therefore enacted, that it shall be law them to Mutiny or Disobedience. - March
ful for the Commissioners of his Majesty's 17.
Treasury of the United Kingdom of Great 37. Geo . III . c . 70 , and 37. Geo . III.
Britain and Ireland , or any three or inore ( Irish ) revived ,and made perpetual.
of them , or for the Lord High Treasurer Cap. VIII. To continue until the 5th day
of the United Kingdom of Great Britain ofApril 1820, an Act of the Fifty -second
and Ireland for the time being, to issue Year of his present Majesty, to regulate the
such directions, for one year, commencing Separation of damaged from sound Coffee,
the 5th day of April 1817, to the officers of and to permit Dealers to send out any
the Exchequer, and of the several depart. quantity of Coffee, not exceeding Eight
ments of the Civil List of Great Britain re- Pounds weight, without a Permit. — March
spectively, as may be necessary for giving 17.
1
effect to the most gracious intention of his Cap. IX. For vesting all Estates and
Royal Highness in such contribution , and Property occupied for the Barrack Service
for executing the intentions of such other in the Comptroller of the Barrack Depart
persons as aforesaid ; and no deduction shall ment, and for granting certain Powers to
be made, or fee, emolument, or allowance the said Comptroller.- March 17.
taken , by any person returning, receiving,

APPOINTMENTS, PROMOTIONS, &c.

I. CIVIL.
IVIL
The Earl of Errolto be his Majesty'sCommis
sioner to the General Assembly of the Church of
Scotland . "
Mr G. D. Donald , writer in Glasgow , to be Clerk
of the Commissariat of Glasgow , in place of the
lateMr Barton .
MrGeorge Agnew tobeSheriff and Commissary
Clerk, and Deputy Keeper of the Register of Sa
gines and Reversions, for the county of Wigtoun, in
room of his late father, Nathaniel Agnew , Esq. of
Ochiltree .
Lord Combermere has been appointed Captain
and Governor of Barbadoes.
The Earl of Macclesfield - Lord Lieutenant of
the county of Oxford.
Sir Richard Richards - Chief Baron of the Ex
chequer, vice Sir Alexander Thompson, deceased .
5.MrAlexander to be a Baron of Exchequer, vice
Sir Richard Richards.
Mr Cooke to be a Master in Chancery, vice Mr
Alexander .
Lieut. Steele ofthe Royal Marines, A. W. Crich
ton , and Colonel Sir Benjamin D'Urban , have re
ceived the honour of knighthood .
Members returned to Parliament.
Alexander Maconochie, Esq. his Majesty's Advo
cate forScotland , for the Borough of Yarmouth ,
Isle of Wight, vice Richard Wellesley, Esq . who
has accepted the Chiltern Hundreds.
Colonel A. J. Dalrymple, for the borough of
Weymouth , without opposition , and at the sole
expense of the electors.
Hon . Charles Stuart for Bridport, vice William
Draper Best, Esq. appointed a Welsh Judge.
Hon. Alexander Abercromby, for theshire of
Clackmannan , vice the Hon . Sir John Abereromby,
deceased .
II. ECCLESIASTICAL .
Presentations,
James Moray, Esq . of Abercairny has presented
Mr Alexander Maxtone, preacher of the gospel, to
thechurch and parish of Fowlis Wester,presbytery
ofAuchterarder, vacant by the death of the Rev.
John Murray
The Earl of Rothes has presented the Rev.John
Cunningham , minister of Newtyle, to the church
and parish of Kinglassie, presbytery of Kirkaldy,
vacant by the death of theRev. Mr Reid .
Sir James Colquhoun has presented Mr Peter
Proudfoot, preacher of the gospel, to the church
and parish ofArrochar, presbytery of Dumbarton .
Sir John Dalrymple has presented Mr Welsh ,
preacher of thegospel , to thechurch and parish of
Heriot, vacant by the death of the Rev. Mr Hunter,
The Earl of Aboyne has appointed , by mandate.
the Rev. H. Burgess to be assistant and successor
220 Register. - Appointments, Promotions, fc. [May
to the Rev. George Brown ,minister of Glenmuick , 2 Ft. Ensign T. Armstrong to be Lieut. vice
presbytery of Kincardine O'Neil. Wood , prom . 20th Mar. 1817.
Lord Archibald Hamilton has appointed, by George Campbell to be Ensign , vice Arm
mandate , the Rev. Russell to be assistant and strong do . do .
successor to the Rev. James Craig , minister of 78 Ensign W. J. Cockburne to be Lieut. vice
Dalserf, presbytery of Hamilton . Sutherland, dead do . do .
The PrinceRegent has presented the Rev.Peter V. H. Mairis to be Ensign vice Cockburne.
Chalmers to the second charge of the church and 83 J. F. Vane to be Ensign by purchase, vice
parish of Dunfermline, vacant by the death of the Cochrane, retires do. do .
Rev. John Fernie . 90 Lieut. J. Taylor, from h . p . 91 F. to be
The Marquis of Abercorn has presented the Rev. Lieut. vice Hind, dead do . do .
Peter Brewster to the second charge of the abbey 5 C. R. 2d Lieut. Alexander Scott, from 4 Ceylon
parish of Paisley, vacant by the death of theRev.
Mr Smith .
Regt. to be 2d Lieut. 25th April 1817
R. Art. Brevet Lieut. Col. J. S. Williamson to be
Lieut.-General Campbell of Lochnell, M. P. has Lt. Col. vice Foy, dead 24th Mar. 1817
pre nted the Rev. Hugh Fraser of Oban , to the Brevet Major J. Caddy to be Major, vice
church and parish of Årdchattan , vacant by the Williamson do . do .
death of the Rev. George Campbell. 2d Capt. C. Bridge to be Capt. vice Caddy
The Duke ofGordon has presented MrW.Cowie, do . do .
preacher of the gospel, to the church and parish of 1st Lieut. W. Duncan , to be 2d Captain ,
Cabrach , presbyteryof Alford , vacant by the death 11th do .
of the Rev. Mr Gordon .
vice Conroy appointed Adjut.
P. V. England to be 2d Captain,
The Town Council ofStirling has presented the vice Close , ditto do . do .
Rev. George Wright of Markinch , to the first W. B. Patten , to be 2d Captain ,
charge of that town and parish ,vacant by the death vice Blackley,ditto do. do .
of the Rev. Dr Somerville. J. E.Maunsell to be ad Captain ,
The Earl of Hopetoun has appointed Mr James 24th do.
Macfarlane to be assistant and successor to the Rev. W. K. Rains to be 2d Captain ,
Henry Sangster , minister of Humbie . vice Terrell, dead 25th do .
OnMonday , the 17th March , the associate con 2d Captain John Conroy to be Adjutant to
gregation of Kinkell gave a unanimous call to Mr the Corpsof Artillery Drivers 11th do .
John Craig , peacher of the gospel, to be their Charles Closeto beditto, do. do .
minister. B. Blackley, ditto ditto do . do .
On Sunday, April 6th, the members of the 2d Exchanges.
congregation of Presbyterians in Belfast gave a
unanimous call to the Rev. Mr M Ewan of Killie- Brevet Lieut. Colonel Reynett , from 54 foot, with
leagh to betheir pastor, in room ofthe Rev. Dr Lieut. Colonel Mein , h . p. 52 Foot.
H.Drummond, who was some time ago called to Captain Sanderson , from 46 Foot, with Captain
Dublin . Otway, h . p. 101 Foot.
Lieut. Hon.G.Blaquiere, from 4 Dragoon Guards,
III. MILITARY .
with Lieut. Slocock , h . p . 14 Foot.
2d Lieut. Walsh , from Rifle Brigade, with Ensign
Brevet Capt. J. Belches, h. p. 59 F. to be Major in Fennell, h. p. 90 Foot.
theArmy: 26th March 1817
W. Reid , Royal Eng. to be Major in Resignations and Retirements.
the Army. do. do. Lieutenant Harrison , 20 Dragoons.
15 Dr. Charles Jones, from h. p. to be Cap. Ensign Cochrane, 83 Foot.
tain , vice Buckley , h . p. 25th do .
20 Cornet William Webster, to be Lieut. by Superseded .
purchase, vice Harrison , retires. 20th do . Ensign Murray, 30 Foot.

Deaths.
Major General. Grant, 2 Foot. Ens. Curtis, 60 F. 30 Jan. 1817.
Haviland Smith , late of 27 Foot. H. Beaver, 19 Foot. 13 April. Quarter-Mastets.
Lieut. Colonels. F. Fitzgerald, 20 F. 6Mar. 1817. Harman , late of Coldstream Foot
Foy , Royal Art 23Mar. 1817. Murkland, 33 Foot. 1 April. Guards. 25 Mar. 1817.
DeBelleville,late For. Vet. Bn. G. M. Ellis, 34 Foot. Fitton , 35 F. 2 Jan.
Majors. Whitney, 66 F. 3 June 1816. M‘Donald , 66 F. 17 April 1816.
Williams, 86 Foot. Gun do. · 4 Sept. Surgeons .
Peddie , Capt. 12 Foot. M Lennon , R. Y. Ran . Ja. 1817. Korb , h . p. 49 F.
Captains. Newman , York L. I. V. 1 Jan. Jones, Royal York Rangers.
Juxon, 3 Foot. 14 Mar. 1817. Wynn , Royal Art. 10 do. Tomlinson , h . p. 1 Gar .Bat.
Moir, 22 Foot. 1 April. W. H. Tyler , West London Assistant Surgeon .
May, 35 Foot. Feb. Militia . 4 April Payne, 3 W. I. Reg. 19 Feb. 1817 .
Nealson , 60 Foot 28 Jan. Ensigns. Miscellaneous .
Schroen , ditto 31 Dec. 1816. Thornton , 19 F. 6 Sept. 1816. Dr Wray , Phys. to the Forces.
Thome, 80 Foot. 8 April 1817. C. Smith , 60 F. 16 Jan. 1817. E. O'Reilly, Surgeon to do.
Terrell, Royal Art. Lurting, R. York Rang. Jan. G. M. Sears , Dep . Purs . do .
Lieutenants . Adjutants.
Haworth, 17 Dr. 11 Aug.1816. Cor. Carey, 17 Dr. 25 Sep. 1816 .
IV. NAVAL .
Promotions,
Superannuated Rear Admiral. Commander . Surgeon .
Richard Dacres Thomas Wentworth Buller James M'Kerrow
Captain . Lieutenant.
Henry Collins Deacon Thomas Edye

Appointments.
Names . Ships. Names. Ships .
Lieutenants . Masters.
William N. Glasscock Ganymede James Allan Alban
Granville Thompson Larne Thomas Webb Albion
Thomas Penberthy Lee Richard Cubison Pigmy
W. P. Croke Pigmy William Smith Severn
William Smail Rochfort Henry Jackson Sydney
Revenue Cruisers. James Crawford Tonnant
John Little Hind Assistant Surgeons.
John JamesHough Active David Gellatlie Alban
Alfred Matthews Drake John M.Kinley Congo
Marines . Michael Quin Sealark
Lieut. William Cupples Active
1817.] Register.- Commercial Report. 221
COMMERCIAL REPORT.

COLONIAL PRODUCE. Sugars.-- The quantity of sugars lately arrived is very incon
siderable, and though the stock of old is understood to be much reduced , yet prices
continue to decline, and the market is very dull. In Refined there has been little varia
tion during the month ; of late some holders have shewn a disposition to reduce their prices,
as the demand continues limited . Molasses heavy and declining. A public sale of East
India Sugars was brought forward the 29th April ; low white, or fine yellow , all with
drawn at 45s. to 46s. ; much above the market price. Some Brazil Sugars, of uncommon
fine quality, have been shewn by private contract ; for fine white, very strong grain, 59s.
was offered and refused. Coffee has been and continues in considerable demand, and large
sales have been made principally for exportation . Cotton . In this article very extensive
sales have been lately effected , and inquiries for exportation continue to be made. What
appears a little singular is, whilst the raw material meets a demand exceeding that of any
former period , and maintains a price nearly double its fair growing value, compared with
that of every other production of the soil, the manufactured articles remain at prices un
precedentedly low . " Indigo.- An extensive sale , by the East India Company, took place
the end of last month ; the prices not generally so high as anticipated, but, on an average,
may be rated at 9d. to 15d . per Ib. above the previous sale. The quantity taken in, how
ever, for account of the proprietors, was considerable, nearly a half of the whole sale.
Tobacco.— The contract advertised by the French government has excited much attention ,
and so soon as the particulars are more fully known, an advance in the price of this ar.
ticle is expected. Rum .-- A very extensive transaction has taken place inthis article,
about 3000 puncheons of the strongest Jamaica, and of favourite marks, usually takenfor
home consumption, having been contracted for, to be taken on arrival. The particulars
of the sale have not transpired, but prices are reported to be from 4s. to 4s. 3d.Thisex
tensive quantity, withdrawn from the market, with a short import, may probably affect
the prices. Rice continues to decline, and is offered at very low prices.
EUROPEAN PRODUCE . Hemp, Flax, and Tallow .-- In these articles little variation ,
and the demand very limited. Oils.- Fish still scarce , and prices supported. — Cod has
been sold at £ 32. — Olive very dull. Provisions.—Irish continue to go off readily ; pork
in considerable request. 17,000 Edam Cheeses, ( round Dutch ) lately brought forward for
sale, went off at 40s. to 52s. chiefly 49s. to 50s. In British Manufactures the demand
still continues such as to produce little improvement in prices. In a few parts of the
country , we are , however, glad to hear, there is some appearance of revival. The com
merce of the port of Newcastle is stated to have materially improved during the last two
months, and very considerable exportations of manufactured goods are said to have taken
place, not as formerly, upon speculation, but in execution of realorders from the Conti
nent. We also learn from Staffordshire, that its trade and manufactories have revived
very considerably of late, particularly the Iron works.
Premiums of Insurance.There has been little variation during last month at Lloyd's ;
the continental risks may however be stated a little lower ; to Holland, the immediate
coast of France, and to Hamburgh, &c. 10s. 6d. to 12s. 8d. per cent.
Prices of Bullion. - Gold in bars, £3 : 18 : 6d. New doubloons, £ 3 : 15 : 6. Silver in
bars, 5s. 1fd. per oz.
Course of Exchange.-- 20 May 1817.- -Amsterdam, 38 : 6 B. 2 U. Hamburgh ,
35 :0 : 24 U. Paris, 24 : 90 : 2 V. Madrid , 35 , effect. Cadiz, 35 effect. Naples, 392.
Lisbon , 58. Dublin , 104 per cent.
Weekly Price of Stocks, from 1st to 30th April 1817.
1st. 9th . 15th . 22d. 29th .

Bank stock , shut. 257, 256 255 , 255 2511, 2515 2514, 251
3 per cent. reduced , shut. 723 , 713 725 , 71 % 713, 71 713 , 71
3 per cent. consols...ma 728 , 713 733 , 723 733 , 723 728 , 721 723 , 72
4 per cent. consols, shut. 911 , 893 90, 894 89 , 88 886 , 873
5 per cent. navy ann..more 100% , 100 103 , 102 103 }, 1024 1021 , 102 | 1021 , 1023
Imperial 3 per cent. ann... shut. shut. shut. shut. shut.
India stock , shut. shut. 208 ) , 2072 2081 shut.
bonds.com 43, 42pm. 66, 65pm . 62,60pm . 71 , 72pm. 78s. pm .
Exchequer bills, 2 } d .p .day 6 , 5pm. 13, 11pm. 13, 10pm. 11 , 13pm. 13, 10pm.
3d . p. day 13, 11pm . 23, 21pm . 20, 18pm. 21, 20pm . 20 , 18pm .
3 d . p.day 13, 5pm . 24, 14pm. 20 , 12pin. 14, 21pm. 20pm .
Omnium ,..
Consols for acc . 73, 713 733 , 721 74, 73 733, 72 723 , 723
E

American 3 per cents..... 61

new loan ,6 p. cent. 101 , 1011
French 5 per cents. racorreal 66.75
 222 Register . - Commercial Report. [ May
PRICES CURRENT. LI
Prices for Board a British
Home Con . Shipfor Expor
the banue no 327
SUGAR - Double refined loavess) 1945
duty paid . tation .

Hambro and Turkey do. 141 a 154s. 92 a 1058.

. 296۱۰۶ El 112 a 125 68 a 83
Single and powder loaves - 106 a 118 65 a 77
Good and fine lumps 2 ! 10 : 108 a 1.7 67 a 76
Brown and middling ditto Muscovado sugars pay a duty of
27s. percwt. and clayed 32s.per 102 a 116 62 a 65
Crushed lumps cwt. for refining or home con 63 a 67
Brown candy sumption ; and for exportation
Molasses the refined receive a bounty , and 13d . 81 a 10d.
the raw and clayed a drawback 27 a 28 %. 28 a 29s.
Muscovadoes - Fine Jam . equal to the full duty paid for 76 a 83 50 a 57
Good do. of other islands home consumption .
73 a 81 49 a 54 ,
Brown and middling L

65 a 74 38 a 481
Fine clayed
East IndianWhite and fine East India Sugars pay 375. per 65 a 10
Brown and yellow cwt. duty . 85 a 102 48 a 70
Havannah_Fine white 32 a 44
Brown and yellow These are onlyimported for re 72 a 81 59 a 69
exportation . Being sthe growth !!!! 42 a 55
Brazil White and fine n
of foreig plantation, they are
Brown and yellow subject to such heavy duties as 50 a 60
BE226a
COFFEE_St Dom . mid & fine are to a prohibition
consumption
homeequal . for 38 a

, nd ionion
inti 70 a 76

s
Do. ordinary and good

merchant
2069 a 70

generally
exportat
consumpt
Porto Rico,Hav. and Brazil

intended
articles
prices
buyers
66 a 72

whole
affixed
dded
Cheribon, Java, and Bourbon

duties
these
,awhich
home
The sold
when
102s 8d . per cwt. 72 a 76

athe
Mocha

are
pay
of by
the
the
ex
forat
100 a 110

to
Demerara , Dominica, & c . fine 72s 4d . 85 a 90
Do. ordinary, mid. and good 68 a 76
Jamaica, fine
90 a 100
Do. ordinary, mide and good 66 a 80
RUM - Jamaica
Other Islands
11s. 7d . per gal. 2s 100 a3s 10d .
PIMENTO 2s. 3d . a 2. 7d .
PEPPER - Company's black 91d. per lb. 7} a 8
Privilege and light do, ls. 102 74a 7
TOBACCO - Fine Virginia 7 a 74
Do. Maryland 10 a 12
38. 2d . - 9 a 12
Ordinary
WINE_Port
quantities 5а 8
£52 10 per pipe of 138 gal.
.ives ion

Sherry 48 0 331. a 50 %.
126 25 a 56
Madeira
portation
gconsumpt

425 110
Lisbon 55 a 75
52 10 138
home
price

Spanish red 480

38 a 40
126
the
,for

CĪaret 25 10
RICE_Carolina
per hhd. of 60 - 10 a 12
East India Duty free. 36s. a ' 40s.
26 a 28
COT TON
Mara
WOOL - Pernambu .) 8s. 7. per 100 lbs. ſpr lb.
nham and Bahia 1s. 11d .a 2s.Od.
UI

West India , Demerara , & c. imported in British , 1 10 a 1 10 %

Fine Sea Island 1 ya 2 0
New Orleans
Portuguese, or A. 2 4 a 2 80
merican ships, and 20 a 22
Bowed Georgia 25s. 6d. in others. 18 a 20
Bengal, Surat and Smyrna 11 a 15
SPICES_Cloves 5s. 7d .
Mace 3 8 a 4. 3
9s. 2d .
70 a 10 2
Cinnamon 2s. 6d .
Nutmegs 5s. 5d . 8 10 a 120
Cassia
! . £14 per cwt 4 3a 5 9
101. a 127. 10s.
TEA - Bohea and com . Congou per lb. 2s.6d. a 2s. 9d .
Congou, middling and good 2 10. a 3 5
Souchong do. 96 per cent,on the 3 10 a
Twanky sale price. 2 11a 3 3
Hyson Skin or Bloom ‫ ܬܐ ܢܢܠܐ‬.
12 10 a 45
Hyson , good and fine
TALLOW_St Peter. yel. cand. 3s. 2d dutypercwt. ( percwt. 52s. a 53s . 4 4 a 5 8.
Dow white andsoapdo. import in a British 51 a 52
est ,

South American 2, ship ,and3s.ld. For 52 a 53 1.A

HEMP-Riga,Rhine, & St Peter £ 9. 2 1 BS per ton . 401. a 42 321. à 311. ' !
clean & halfclean & outshot 10 5 10 FS 39 a 38 29 a 30
Flax PDR. and PTR. .
0 7 11 BS 63 a 67 63 a 67
St Petersburg 12 head 0 11 10 SF 52 a 55 52 a 55
1817. ) Register.Commercial Report.
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF ENGLISH BANKRUPTCIES, announced between 1st and 30th
April 1817, extracted from the London Gazette.
Alder, S. J. & J. Liverpool, merchants Jones, J. Blackman -street, London , merchant
Arkwright, J. Liverpool, woollen draper James, Richard,Hampstead,broker
Blackmoor, J. & T. Helmsley, Blackmoor, grocers Jackson, Richard , & John Graham , jun . Carlisle,
Battely , W. Maybank . cabinetmaker cotton spinners
Bell,J. NorthShiels,brewer James,
Edward,Bristol,timber-merchant
Bell, J. Baildon , worsted manufacturer
Bigland , G. Bigland-hill, iron -master
Blundell, N. W. Liverpool, merchant
Boardman , J. jun . & G.Alsop , Manchester, dealers
Brown , T. & Co. Muscovy -court, London , mer .
chants
Brownson ,R. Manchester, calico -manufacturer
Burridge, S. G.Deptford , victualler
Burrows, E. & W. Leeds, millers
Butler , S. Bristol , tallow - chandler
Biggs, Michael, Maiden -lane, Wood -street, Lon-
don , hosier
Bower, Warburton , Wilmslow , Chester, cotton-
spinner
Bosworth , Joseph , Old Court, Hereford , dealer in
cattle
Burghart, Claus, Rosemary-lane, East Smithfield ,
London , sugar refiner
Booth , W. HallBridge, York , merchant
Bourne, Edward , Burslem , Stafford, manufacturer
of earthen ware
Clarke, T. & C. Gray, Keswick , nurserymen
Clarke, T. West Pennard , cheese -dealer
Clay, C. Aston , coachmaker
Cochen , E. Broad -street, London , merchant
Collet, J. Bishopsgate Street, London , merchant
Connard , J. jun . Broomsgrove, needle -maker-
Cooper, H. Portsea, printseller
Cooper , J. H. Lamb's Conduit -street, London ,
jeweller
Coppio , W. North Shiels, ship -owner
Crockett, H. Hampton -in - Arden , farmer
Cull , J. Wareham , brewer
Cunliffe, J. Manchester, merchant
Corran ,R. Pickmore, Liverpool, cooper
Dark , S. Heddington , farmer
Davy, W.Norwich , gunmaker
Dow , M. Aston -furnace, paper-maker
Dodd , Tho . Stanhope, Durham , groeer and linen
draper
Eady, S.P.GerardStreet ,London, druggist
Elland, R. Islington , coach -master
Elmitt, W.Peterborough ,draper
Entwisle , Tho. Manchester, fustain manufacturer
Enfield , Wm & John Browne, Norwich , bombazeen
and cotton manufacturers
Farrant, W. Strand , London , tailor
Farrenden , J. Chichester, timber merchant
Featherstonhaugh , G. Bishop Wearmouth ,coalfitter
Fraser, Wm. Sloane-street, Chelsea, haberdasher
Grey, J. Newcastle-uponTyne, ship -owner
Griffith ,J. Tryfan, woollen -manufacturer
Grubb, G. Manchester, tailor
Grunhough, J. Bolton , yarn -manufacturer
Gaunt, Jeremiah , Gildersome-street, Batley , York ,
merchant
Greenwood , Robt. Todmorden and Walsden , Lans
cashire, cotton -manufacturer
Hagedorn,
merchant
J. P. H. Old Broad -street, London ,
Hall , T. & J. Malkin , Compton , coachmakers
Hambling, W. Wooten Underedge, clothier
Hankes, J. Snaith , brandy merchant
Hatfield , R.Dewsbury, dealer
Henry, A. Haydon -square, London , Merchant
Heywood, J. Rusholme, shop -keeper
Hodgson, G. H. Watling-street,London , merchant
Hopecott, E. Mlingswick , dealer in wool
Horder, J. Haydon -square, London music -seller
Heynes, Stokes, Cheltenham , wine merchant
Homan, Wm . Barking, Essex, smack -owner and
tallow -chandler
Harvey , W.Wymondham ,Norfolk , manufacturer
Hawkins, W.Bicknell, Warwick , farmer
Holmes, Thos. Long Acre , London , coachmaker
Hopkinson , Joseph L, iverpool, merchant
Hick, John, Hillhouse, Huddersfield , dry salter
Hunt, John, Bishops Sutton,maltster and baker-
Jackson, R. Stockport, druggist
Jenkins, A. Marshfield, chemist
Johnson , J. jun , Hayden , corn -dealer
Jones, G. Aston, gunmaker
223
King , J. Yeovil, bookseller
Knott, J. Manchester, manufacturer
Lecount, P. Charles-place, London , watchmaker
Leeming, R. Wray, shop-keeper
Lees, J. Whitehall, Stafford, timber-merchant
Levin , W. L. Jewin -street, London , merchant
Little, J. Bales, farmer
Love , W. Huddersfield , shop-keeper
Lovegrove, R. Arberfield , farmer
Lilley, Edward, Birmingham , gilt-toy maker imd
jeweller
Lawton, W.Wilmslow , Cheshire, shop -keeper
Major, T. Ostend , merchant
Makins, W. Southwell, flax -dresser
Manks, J. Leeds, cloth-merchant
Maude, W. & E. Otley, bankers
Milbourne, S.Bishopsgate
Skerne, fax-spinner upholsterer 1
Mann , Benj. , London,
Mudford, inixon , the younger, Strand, London ,
umbrella manufacturer
Maun, Joseph , the younger,Temple Sowerby, tan
ner
Matthewman , John, Queen Street, Cheapside, Lon
don , merchant
Neale, J. Wapping, anchor-smith
Newbold , D. Birmingham , tinplate-worker !
- Newman, Thos. Allan , Newgate-street, London ,
printer
Orme, J. H. Liverpool, brewer
Parker, R. Manchester, victualler
Parsley, J. G. Great Yarmouth , baker
Peet, T. Nottingham , linen -draper
Pendray, W. Bodmin , mercer
Penniston , R. & J. Horecastle ,brickmakers
Perry, S. C. Birmingham , coal-dealer
Philips, J. Llangattock , Vivon Abel, timber mer.
chant
Piper, W. Hammersmith, barge-builder
Purday, T. Margate, stationer
Pullan , Richard , Leeds, merchant
Ratcliffe, E. Cambridge, shop -keeper
Reilly, J.Manchester, merchant
Ridley, H. Ovington , woodmonger
Rimmer, J. Liverpool, brewer
Roads, William , Oxford, grocer
Rhodes, John , Stockport, Cheshire, cotton manu
facturer
Sadler , F. Wilmslow , calico manufacturer
Saunders, W.Manchester, mercer
Shaw , J. Pendleton , cotton merchant
Slack , J. Salford , printer
Shaw, J. Bond-street,London,carpet manufacturer
Smith , D. jun . and J. Hampshire, Kirkburton ,
Scribbling, millers
Solomon , H. Charing Cross, silversmith
Somersali , J. & G. Walsall, awl-blade makers .
Steel, J. Sheffield ,grocer
Steward , T. Brandon , grocer
Suple, J.B. Bridgewater, linen draper
Smith , Justin , Bath , broker
Sayer, Thomas, Huntsham , Devon, lime-burner
Stoneham , Jesse, Beckford -row , Surrey , checse
monger
Tarn , M. & S. Leamington , millers
Teasdale, R. Cumberland , sheep -dealer
Thomas , G. Bristol, turpentine distiller
Thomas, T. Hoxton, merchant >
Thompson , J.Over,salt manufacturer
Tomkins, S. Plymouth , draper
Trathan , J. J. Falmouth , stationer
Uhr, A. R. Swan Lane,London, merchant
Verdenholm , Geo. William , White's Yard , Rose
mary -lane, London , sugar-refiner
Wibberley, J. Manchester, draper
Wright, H. C. Portsea , merchant
Williams, J. Morgan, Dowgate Hill, London, and
Amsterdam , merchant
Wilson , John , late of Gibraltar, now of Sidney
Street, Goswell-street-road , London , merchant -
White, James, Exeler, veterinary surgeon
Young, W. Boston , victualler
‫او و‬ ‫ په‬1 : ' 11 )
224 Register.--
Agricultural Report. [ May
ALPHABETICAL LIST of Scotch BANKRUPTCIES, announced between the 1st and
30th April 1817, extracted from the Edinburgh Gazette.
Cowan, T. jun. Craigmill, Fifeshire, corn merchant Ross, John , Balblair, Ross-shire , distiller
Donaldson , George , Edinburgh , linen and woollen Swanston , John & Co. Glasgow , merchants and
draper grocers
Duguid, William , Aberdeen , manufacturer Stuart, Arthur, & Co. Leven Printfield and Glas
Gemmel, Thomas, Kilmarnock , grocer, nursery gow , calico- printers and merchants
and seedsman Wright, Peter, Glasgow , manufacturer
Halket, Samuel, Canongate, Edinburgh , brewer Wallace, Robert, Kilmarnock , leather-dealer and
Leggat, James , Edinburgh, china merchant shoemaker .
Laurie, Joseph & Benjamin , Edinburgh , stocking Wingate, John & Sons, Glasgow , merchants .
manufacturers and hosiers
Laird, James, & Co. Murthill, mill spinners DIVIDENDS .
Lamont, Peter, Steilaig, Argyleshire, grazier and
cattle -dealer James Burman , Mill of Newtyle, payable by Wil
Mackenzie, Alexander, Thomastown of Auchter- liam Bett, banker in Cupar-Angus, 22d May
less, farmer and cattle -dealer Alex. Batley, Broomend, payable by William Bett,
M‘Lellan , John & Andrew, Lochurnhead, Glenelg, banker in Cupar-Angus, 17th May
wood merchants James Callum , Auchenblae, merchant, payable by
Moore , Alexander, Langholm , merchant and sta- the Trustee , 18th June.
tioner David Jobson, senior, Dundee, merchant, payable
Morton , Moses, Arbroath , merchant by William Bisset, merchant, Dundee, 22 May.
Munn , Niel, Glasgow , vintner and horse-setter William Smith , West Pans, potter, payable by
Mackenzie, George, of Leckmelm , parish of Loch- Robert Strachan , W. S. Edinburgh, 16th May.
broom , Ross -shire, fish - curer, merchant, and • John Sibbald & Co. Leith, merchants, payable at
cattle -dealer the office of James Duncan, merchant, Leith ,
Ross, Peter, Airdrie, vintner 29th May .

AGRICULTURAL REPORT.

SINCE our last Report the weather has been remarkably favourable to field work of
every kind ; and the seed was never put into the ground with a better prospect ofan early
andvigorous vegetation. This, however, was much retarded by thewant of rain : and
until the 12th instant, when we had plentiful showers, such of the grain -plants as had ap
peared above ground showed symptoms of feebleness in many instances, and later sown
fields in general were thinly and irregularly planted. It is well known, that, in this part
of the island, wheat suffered more than any other kind of corn last year ; yet there is rea
son to fear that oats, even when not deficient in weight or in meal, have suffered in such
a degree as to impairtheir vegetative powers. It is certain , at least, that where a com
parison has been made between the oats of 1815 and 1816 , by sowing both on different
portions of the same field , the plants from the seed of the former year are by far the most
close and vigorous. There has been a gradual fall in the prices of all sorts of grain for
some weeks,particularly ofinferior samples ; though in the London market, and through
out the whole of England, if we may judge from the weekly averages, they have not given
way so much as in Scotland, into which very large importations have beenmade since the
beginning of this month. - Cattle, in forward condition, find purchasers ; and grazing
.Wool is
lands have been let for the season at the rates of last year, or somewhat more..
expected to improve in value, the import of that article of late not having been so large
as formerly.— The apprehensions which were once entertained of a great scarcity must
now have subsided, for there is no doubt whatever of our having enough of corn to carry
us forward to another harvest. Prices , indeed , cannot be low ;-but it deserves to be re
marked , that if Government had interfered , as on former occasions, by bounties and pro
hibitions, and thus sounded the alarm all over Europe, the price of wheat, in particular,
would have been higher this year in Britain than it has ever been in the memory of man .
EDINBURGH .-- May 14 .
Wheat. Barley. Oats . Pease & Beans.
1st,......48s. Od. 1st , ...... 36s. Od. 1st , ......36s. Od. 1st ,...... 34s. Od .
2d,......42s. Od. 2d, ......32s. Od. 2d, .33s . Od . 2d, ......31s. Od.
3d , ......30s. Od . 3d , ......27s. Od. 3d , .28s. Od . 3d , .27s. Od .
Average of Wheat, £ 1 : 14 : 7 8-12ths per boll.
HADDINGTON . -MAY 9.
Wheat. Barley. Oats . Pease. Beans.
1
1st,......45s. Od. 1st.......40s.Od. 1st,...... 36s.Od. 1st,...... 35s. Od. 1st, ......35s. Od.
2d, ...... 38s. Od. 2d, ......36s. Od. | 2d, ...... 30s. Od. | 2d.......30s. Od. 2d, .30s. Od .
3d , ... 255. 63. 3d , ......34s. Od . | 3d, ...... 26s. Od. 3d ,......27s. Od. 3d , ...... 27s. Od .
Average of Wheat, £ 1 : 14 : 10 : 4-12ths.
Note. The boll of wheat, beans, and pease , is about 4 per cent more than half a quarter
or 4 Winchester bushels ; that of barley and oats nearly 6 Winchester bushels.
 -

Register--Agricultural Report. 225

London , Corn Exchange, May 12. London Markets continued .

* Beans,OldMay 12
[ LISI
Wheat, perqr. s. S. New Rapeseed , per last,£44 to £ 48. - Linseed Oil
Select samples 130 to 136 per quarter 60 to 63 Cake, at the mill, £ 16 , 165. per thousand.
-White runs . 80 to 122 - Tick 30 to 38 Rape-Cake, £9, to £ 10.
Red ditto . 70 to 115 -Old 55 to 58
Rye 45 to 56 Pease, boiling 42 to 55
Barley English 32 to 54–Gray 48 to 54 Liverpool, May 10 .
Malt 60 to 78 Brank 60 to 74 Wheat, s. d . s.d.Oatmeal,
Oats,Feed(new )17 to 37 Flour, per sack 105 per 70 libs. Seotch 48 to 50
-Old 40 to 42 –Second 85 to 95 English 9 0 to 18 O Irish 45 to 48
-Poland (new ) 18 to 40 -Scotch 80 to 90 || Irish 8 0 to 10 0 Beans, per quar .
-Old . 39 to 44 Pollard , per qr. 24 to 30 || Dantzio 16 0 to 18 6 English 46 to 63
-Second . 16 to 20 Wismar 13 0 to 16 6 Irish 40 to 53
-Potato (new ) 38 to 46
-Old . ..O to 0 Bran 15 to 17| American .
166 to 17 6 Pease,per quar. 60 to 65
- Foreign . . . 22 to 16 Barley, per 60 libs. -Boiling
Beans, pigeon . 35 to 41'Quart. loaf, 15d. to 17340 English 5 6 to 8 0 Rice , p. c. (in b.)31 to 37
Scotch • 5 6 to 8 ol
Seeds, fc.-- May 12. Irish 5 6 to 6 6 Provisions, & c.
Mustard , brown, so S. Hempseed , new , s. s . Malt p. 9 gls. 10 0 to 13 6 .
Old, per bush . 14 to 18 per quar. . 96 to 105 | Oats per 45 lb. Beef. per tierce 95 to 100
10 to 16 Cinquefoil : . 28 to 35 Eng. potato
New ditto 5 0 to 5 9 per barrel 60 to 65
-Old White 8 to 10 Rye-grass (Pacey)28 to 34 || -common 4 3 to 5 6 Pork , per barrel 75 to 80
-New ditto 5 to 81 - Common 10 to 25 || Irish potato 55 00 to
. to 5 9 Bacon, per cwt.
Tares -common 5 4 -Short middles 56 to 60
. 8 to 10 Clover, English, 52 to 55
Turnip, green 20 to 281-Red , per cwt, 40 to 96 |Scot. potato 5 3 to 5 8 - Long ditto
5 1 Butter, per cwt.
round - White 42 to 951- common 5 0 to .

-White . 20 to 26 - For. red 40 to 92 Welsh potato 4 9 to 50 - Belfast 82

Red 30 to 35 White . 40 to 9011 - common 4 3 to 4. 61 - Colerain 80
-Swedish white.15 to 20 Trefoil -Newry 4 to 25 || Flour. s. s. 78
yellow . 18 to 25 Rib grass 12 to 40 || American p. bar. 70 to 72 - Drogheda 74
Canary, per qr. 75 to 80 Carraway (Eng .) 66 to 72 - Sour do.. • 62 to 64 -Cork , 3d . 76
-New .
45 to 56-Foreign 45 to 54 | Oatmeal, per 240 lb. 2d pickled 86 to 88
50 to 521
Avoirdupois

Hempseed 115 to 126 Coriander 14 to 18 | English :

Winchester

CONTINUED

.,1Oatmeal -Barley
Oatmeal

BRWheat
Bushels

MARITIME
Quarter

arley

7Wheat
COUNTIES
eans

-Oats
ease

4438832
atm
Eight

Maritime
9458
.O,POats

Beans
11

ease
11
ye

3
rom

d.sads.

0
03
0
'Sd.s.

,Districts
420559

Average

ye
.O.75, 75.
4s
d7s
5s
Boll

]s562,.-- 3s
d8s
quarter
nd

d
fTwelve
fper

P-4R6d
140

03329
92

3.--
By
of

Prices
the
,lbs

03
0
aof

13272
0

Week
d-Barley
immediately
of

EY

pCorn
.IR1Wheat
er
o,ofor
the
eans
preceding
f
Pease
-Beans

d.-
Average
6BOats -2,35.$.,- 02s
R7Wheat

Scotland
dye
1d
O-35Bazley

22s
3s
Pease

1,4.-- 5s
.

Weeks
ats
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VOL. I. 2 F
 296 Register - Meteorological Report. [ Play

METEOROLOGICAL REPORT.

In our Meteorological Report for the first three months of this year, we gave the results
of our observations, without any comparison between the last and the present year. It
may not however be uninteresting to our readers to state, that the mean temperature of the
four months of this year that have just elapsed, considerablyexceedsthe mean temperature
of the corresponding months of last year. The difference of the month of January , is 6s
February 6 °, March 3°, and April 4º. The effects of thisdifference are quite obvious in
the unusually forward state of vegetation in gardens and orchards, and would bave been
equally conspicuous in the corn -fields, but for the severe and long -continued drought,

METEOROLOGICAL TABLE,
Extracted from theRegister kept on the Banks ofthe Tay,four miles eastfrom
Perth , Latitude 56° 25', Elevation 185 feet.
APRIL 1817 .
Means. Extremes.
THERMOMETER . Degrees. THERMOMETER . Degreesa
Mean of greatest daily heat, 53.433 Greatest heat, 14th day, 63.000
.......... cold , 37.616 Greatest cold, 9th , 27.000
temperature , 10 A.M. 47.566 Highest , 10 A. M. 14th , 58.500
Lowest ditto , 10th , 33.000
10 P.M. . 41.700 19th
45.525 Highest; 10 P. M. 52.000
....... ofdailyextremes, Lowest ditto 9th , 30.300
............. 10 A.M. and 10 P.M. 44.633

Inches .
BAROMETER . Inches.
BAROMETER . Highest , 10 A. M. 30.580
6th ,
Mean of 10 A.M. (temp. of mer. 54) 30.148 Lowest ditto , . 29th , 29.630
10 P.M. (temp.of mer. 54 ) 30.136 Highest, 10 P. M. 6th, 30.570
30.142
both, itemp. of mer.54 ) Lowest ditto , 15th , 29.560
HYGROMETER ( LESLIE'S.) Degrees. HYGROMETER . Degrees.
Mean dryness, 10 A.M. 33.366 Highest, 10 A , M. 28th, 53.000
10 P. M. 9.766 Lowest ditto , 5th , 8.000
of both , 21.566 Highest , 10 P. M. 19th , 25.000
Rain, 0,596 in .- Evaporation, 3.127 in. Lowest ditto , 3d, 0.000

Fair days,24 ; rainy days, 6. Wind west ofmeridian , including North, 19 ; East ofmeridian,
including South , 11.
in

1
METEOROLOGICAL TABLE,
Kept at Edinburgh , in the Observatory , Calton - hill.
N.B..The Observations are made twice every day, at eight o'clock in the morning , and eight o'clock
in the evening .
Attach , Attach ,
Ther. Barom . Ther. Wind . Ther . Barom . Ther . Wind .

M.48 29.976 M.45

W. Fair , and M.40 129.650 M.46 N. Fair , cold &
April 1 { E. 50 .968 E. 51 high wind. April16 E. 37 .803 E. 44 high winds. 6.3
M.46 .977 M.48 } Fair, frost in M.37 30.167 M.41 Cble. Fair, mild
2 E. 42 30.160 E.49 Cble. the evening. 17 { E. 37 .105 E. 43 ) afternoon .
4

3
M.41 .328 M.46 E. , Fair. M.39 .105 M.43 W. Fair, frost in
E. 41
M.41
260 E. 46
.226 |M.45 Cble. Fair, frost in
18 { E.46
19 M.46
.150 E. 49
.155 M.48
themorning
W. Fair .
4 { E. 41 .212 E. 47 the morning E. 49
2
.227E . 54
M.14 .168 M.47 N. W. Fair, and 20.M.5 262 M.54 Cble. Fair , and .
.227 |E . 51
E. 44 very mild . E. 49 .253 E.54 verymild
+385 M.46
M.40 Fair, hard 21 M.48 203 M.54 Fair & mild 2
6 E. 38 .580)E. 44 N. E. frostat night. E. 46 .180 E.51
Cble .
weather,
M.38 .279 M.14 Fair, high M.41 .160 / M.48 N. Fair, but
7 { E. 15 29 127 E. 46 ) N. W.wind. 22{ E. 49 167 E.52 cloudy. ribs
M.45 .720 M.47N. W.Showers, and 23 M.97 - 108 M.52
Cole . Fai r,very
8 { E. 41 .629 E.46 high wind . E. 40 .126 E.50 cold wind .
M.34 .775 M.41 IN.W. Fair, enining.
the evhail 24 M.47 .191 M.52
Cble . Fair, frost in
9 E. 31 .733 E. 38 E. 42 166 / E . 47 the morning. 34
M.32 .861M.38 IN.W. Fair, very 23
M.44 .116 M.48
N.E. Fair, but
to E. 31 .971 E.398 cold wind. E. 40 116 E. 47very cold .
M.33 .995 M.39 Fair, frost in M.45 129.898 M.48 N.E. Fair , very
11
E. 44 .804 E. 44
w . the morning. 26 E. 45 .850 E. 49 cold . ‫ اد‬.
M.46 .762 M.46 w . Fair , shower M.46 .894M.50 W.
Fair .
12 E.47 .762E . 49 in the eyng 27 { E. 49 .886 E. 19 )
M.49 .841M.51 w . M.42 .848 M.17 W. Fair, cold
E. 46
13 {\M.50 .841 E.51 Fineweather. 28 E. 49 ..741 E.52 wind.
.788 M.51 W. Changeable. M.43 ,416 M ,50 N.W. Showers of
14 { E. 49 .655 E. 53
.656 M.50
29 { M.41
E. 38 .441 E , 47 hail, & cold .
M.45 Fair with .706 M. 16 E. Rain atnight."
15
E , 46 .468 E. 51
N. W.
high winds. 30
{ 2:40 .808 E.45 ) day cold .
Rain , 0.236 in .
1617.) Register. - Births, Marriages, und Deaths. 227

BIRTHS, MARRIAGES, AND DEATHS.

BIRTHS. friesshire .At the British ambassador's

March 15. At Lisbon, the Lady ofColo. hotel, Paris , Lieut. Thomas Lillie, ofthe
nel A. Ross , a daughter. – 17. At Rossie, 23d royal Welsh fusileers, youngest son of
the' lady of Colonel Oliphant of Rossie, a J. Lillie , Esq. of Drimdoe, Ireland, to
daughter. 18. At Cambdenhill, Kensing- Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Robert Hun.
ton, the lady of SirJames MGregor, a son. ter, Esq . of Kew , Surrey .-- At Foyers, In
-20. At Deal, the lady of Captain William verness-shire, Captain Thomas Fraser, 830
M \Culloch, R. N. a son.-- 21. At Mavis. regiment, to Miss Fraser, only daughter of
bank-house, the lady of Major Charles Simon Fraser, Esq. of Foyers.- 24. At
M'Gregor, Toth "regiment, a daughter.- Rose Terrace, Perth, George Ballingall,
22. AtMilton , Lady Hunter Blair, à son Esq. surgeon of the 33d regiment, toJessie,
and heir.- 23. At Logie-Elphinstone,Mrs daughterof the late James Ballingall, Esq.
Horn Elphinston , a son.- 24. At Edin . of Perth . 27. At Ghent, Major Henry
burgh, the lady of H. St George Tucker, Balneavis, 27th regiment, to Georgina,
Esq.a son . - 25. At Edinburgh, thelady second daughter of ColonelGraham ,Lieut.
governor ofSt
ofJames Wedderburn , Esq. his Majesty's Frederick Mawes.- 29. AtEdinburgh,
MackenzieFraser
solicitor-general for Scotland, a son .-.- 28 . , Esq. captain ,
At Brighton, the lady of the Hon. D. M. 78th regiment, to Miss Emmeline Sophia
Erskine, à son . - 30. At Balloan , Mrs M.Leod, daughter of the late Alex . Hume,
Fraser, Culduthil, a son.Lately, at Castle Esq. of Harris.
Bona, Isle of Man , the Right Hon. Lady April 8. Lieut.-Colonel A. Anderson ,
Sarah Murray, a daughter. Lately, at the C.B.K.T.S. colonel of the 12th Portuguese
seatof her father, Sir E. Harvey, K. C. B. infantry, to Elizabeth, eldestdaughter of
the ladyof John Drummond, jun. Esq. of the late Thomas Bigge, Esq.of Brompton
twin sons. row , Middlesex.- 10 . At St James's church ,
April 14. At the palace of the Bishop of London, Charles , Earl of March , eldest son
Norwich , the lady of the Rev. Archdeacon of the Duke of Richmond, to Lady Caroline
Bathurst, a daughter. At Lisson Grove, Paget, eldest daughter of theMarquis of
North , the Countess of Rothes, a daughter. Anglesea.- 17. Sir William Hoste , Bart,
- 17. At Edinburgh , the lady of Captain R. N. to the Right Hon . Lady Harriett
Barclay, R. N. a daughter.— 18. At Clon. Walpole, daughterofthe Earl ofOrford ..
caird Castle, the lady of Robert Cuningham , 24. At Edinburgh, Farquhard Campbell,
Esq . a daughter. - 19. At Dunse Castle, Esq. of Huntington, to Miss Penuel Jane
the lady of William Hay, Esq. of Drum- Baillie, daughter of the late Hon. William
melzier, a daughter... AtArbuthnot-house, Baillie of Polkemmet. At the house of his
the Viscountessof Arbuthnot, a daughter. Grace the Duke of Wellington, Colonel
-22. At Clumber Park, theDuchess of Hervey, aid-de-camp to the Prince Regent,
Newcastle, a son . - 26 . At Houndwood. and military secretary of the Duke of Wel.
house, the ladyof Captain Coulson, R.N. a lington, to Louisa Catharine, daughter of
daughter.- Ai Glen -Stewart, the Marchion. Richard Caton , Esq. of Maryland,U. S.
ess of Queensberry, a daughter. 25. At Drumsheugh -house, Colonel Charles
Fraser of Inveralochy and Castle Fraser,
MARRIAGES. M. P. to Jane, fourth daughter of Sir John
March 15. At Guernsey, John Peddie, Hay of Smithfield and Haystoun, Bart.
Esq. major ofbrigade to the forces ofthat 29. At Northumberland -house, London,
island, to Louisa, daughter ofthe lateWil. Earl Percy ,toLady Charlotte Clive, eldest
liam Peter Price, Esq. - 19.
AtPerth, Jameš daughter of Earl Powis.- Lately,Colonel
Stewart Robertson, Esq. of Edradynate, to Cunyngham of Malshanger, to Miss Ger.
Dorothea, youngest daughter of the late trude H. Kimpton, Brompton. Lately,
Adam Stewart, Esq . of Cluny. At the Colonel James Campbell,of the 94th regt.
English ambassador'shotel, Paris, Thomas Ⓡo Lady Dorothea L. Cuffe.
Clifton, Esq. of Lytham -hall, Lancashire,
to Mrs Campbell, widow of the late David DEATHS.
Campbell,Esq. of Kildaloig , Argyleshire. Jan. 27. - At Kingston , Jamaica, at the
- 19. At Edinburgh , RobertHunter, Esq. great age of upwards of 130 years, Lucretia
She was
late of the island of Jamaica , to Helén, Stewart, a free black woman .
youngest daughter of the late Patrick War . brought to that island a few days after the
ner, Esq. of Ardeer.- 20. At St George's dreadful earthquake which destroyed Port
church , Hanover -square , London , Major. Royal in 1692 , and had seen her fourth
General Sir Thomas Sidney Beckwith , to generation .
Mary , eldest daughter of the late Sir Wil. March 15. At Edinburgh , Lieut.- Col,
liam Douglas, Bart. of Kelhead , Dum . J. Ainslie , of the Hon . East India Com
928 Register. - Deaths.
pany's service.---15 . At Rudding Park, ster of that Parish . - 7. At his apartments ,
Yorkshire, the Right Hon. Kathrine, Dow- Macclesfield Street, Mr Thomas Hearne,
ager-Countess of Aberdeen, aged 83. – 18. well known for his British antiquities, his
At Wick, Mrs AnnInnes, relictof Captain drawings, and particularly his accurate and
John Sutherland of Wester. - 22. AtCol. unrivalled delineations of Gothic architec
lampton , Devon , William Chisholm of ture . - 10. At Tiverton , Charles Maxwell,
At London, in Upper Esq. late of Dalswinton ,aged82. – 11 .At
Chisholm , Esq. - 23.
Seymour Street,George Paterson, Esq . of Catcomb House ,near Portsmouth , Lady
the Hon. East India Company's service. Curtis, relict of Sir Roger Curtis, Bart.
At Woolwich , Lieut.-Colonel Foy of the At Mauldslie Castle, the Right Honourable
royal artillery.— 24. In Tonbridge Place, the Earl of Hyndford. His private cha
John Dunbar, Esq. late of Penang.- 28. racter was highly estimable. Few noblemen
At Edinburgh , William Wight, Esq. for- have been so much beloved. The greater
merly of the island of Jamaica. – 31. In part of his time was devoted to agricultural
Cumberland Place, London , the Right Hon . pursuits at Westraw , and to the embellish
Lady Frances Douglas, wife of the Hon. ment of his princely seat atMauldslie. He
John Douglas, and eldestdaughter of the was one of the most skilful farmers in adis
Earl of Harewood .- In October last, at trict particularly distinguished for the ex
Sierra Leone, Robert Hogan, Esq . LL.D. cellence of its farming. Mauldslie, his
his Majesty's chief justice and admiralty patrimonial inheritance, is now separated
judge in that settlement, As a gentleman from the Hyndford estate. It has fallen to
and a scholar, asincere friend and a social his Lordship's sister, Mrs Nisbet ofCarphin.
companion, Dr Hogan had not a superior. Sir John Anstruther, Bart. succeedsto the
Butto describe himsolely by these qualities entailed estate. The title is extinct. - 14 .
would fall far short of hismerits. Dr Hogan At Maybole, Samuel Wheatley, aged 97,
had not been many months in the possession who at thatadvanced age retained allhis
of a situation from which he looked forward faculties to the last.-- Mr Owen O'Toole
to honour and emolument, when he was of Pepperland, county of Wicklow , atthe
seized with a fever ( the effect of the climate), advanced age of 105 years. He was the
which in a few days put aperiod tohis life. lineal descendent of the famousO'Toole,
Hewas a native of the county of Limerick , whose resistance to Cromwell hasbeen so
in Ireland. - Lately, in Vernon Place, Lon- celebrated. A short time before his death ,
don, Charles Combe, M.D. F.R.S. aged 73. he walked twenty miles in one day.- 15. In
Lately, at Kensington, the Rev. William George's Square, Edinburgh , Mary Er
Beloe r, ector of Allhallows, and prebendary skine,eldest daughter of the late Rev.Dr
of St Paul's Cathedral. Mr B. was a native John Erskine of Carnock , one of the mini
of Norwich, where his father followed the sters of Edinburgh, and spouse of Dr
business of a china-man ; and was educated Charles Stewart of Dunearn.- 16. At Edin
at the university ofCambridge. He obtained burgh, Mr Henry Moncrief, clerk to the
the vicarage of Earlsham , with Bowthorpe signet.- 17. At Dundee, Dr Thomas Con
annexed ; and in 1796 the rectory of All. stable, late minister of the united parishes
hallows. He was for many years assistant of Liff and Bervie . - 19 . At Abercromby
librarian ofthe British Museum , andhighly Place, Edinburgh, Miss Jane Ross, young
respectable as a scholar. As an author, he est daughter ofthe lateLord Ankerville.
was chiefly known as a compiler ; and in 20. At London , inthe 45th year of hisage,
association with the Rev. Robert Nares, the Colonel Mitchell of the 51st regiment. This
Rev. William Tooke , and the late Mr gallant officer served several campaigns in
Morrison, he prepared for the press anedi- the Peninsula, under the Duke of Welling
tion of the " Biographical Dictionary ,” in ton , with great credit and distinction ; and
15 vols 8vo, and was, with the Rev. Robert lastly, at the memorable battle of Waterloo,
Nares, a principal conductor of the “ British where he commanded a brigade of infantry.
Critic.” Amongst his separate publications --- 23. At Jedburgh, Joseph Pringle , Esq.
are, “ The Historyof Herodotus, from the of Ferney -green, late consul-general at Ma
Greek , with Notes,” 4 vols 8vo ; “ The deira.- 24 . At Edinburgh, Mary, Lady
Attic Nights of Aulus Gellius, translated ," Rollo , widow of James, Lord Rollo.-- 29.
3 vols 8vo ; “ Anecdotes of Literature and On the Steyne, Brighton , Mrs Brisbane,
Scarce books,” 6 vols 8vo.-- Lately, at relict of Admiral Brisbane.-Lately, the
Cambridge, theRev. RobertTyrwhitt, M.A. Hon. Thomas Clifford, youngest son of the
formerlyfellow of Jesus College, aged 82. late , and brother of the present, Lord
-Lately, at Bath , the Right Hon. Alex. Clifford. - Lately, at Dent, Yorkshire, Mrs
Thomson, Lord Chief Baron of the Court King, at the age of 111 years. — On the
of Exchequer, aged 72. 14th September last, at Meerat, Bengal,
April 2. At CullenWood,near Dublin, Major James Lumsdaine, in the Hon.
James Ross, Esq. of Pitcailnie. - 4. At East India Company's service, eldest son
Dunbar Lodge, Mrs Hay relict of the ofthe lateWilliam Lumsdaine, Esq. W.S.
Hon. William Hay of Lawfield . - 5. At Edinburgh.
Ewes Manse, the Rev. John Laurie, mini.

Oliver & Boyd, Printers , Edinburgh .

 BLACKWOOD'S
EDINBURGH MAGAZINE.
No III. JUNE 1817. VOL. I.

Contents.
ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS. ORIGINAL POETRY .
Account of the Wernerian Natural His- Sonnet to the Yew -tree (By the late Dr
...231
tory Society of Edinburgh Leyden ) 277
Communication from Colonel Mudgecom234 The Wreath . macam ib.
Account of Bowed Davie , the supposed Song ib .
Original of the Black Dwarf .235 The Burial of Sir John Mooremmanoma ib .
Epistleof a Highland Chiefcommon 236 The Moss Rose ( From the German of
Oath of Bread and Salta ib . Krummacher ) mm278
Remarks on the Humour of Ancient The Two Graves ( From the German of
Scottish Songs 1237 Klopstock ) innanna ib.
Experiment, by Mr Lauder Dick, re
lative to the Preservation of the Ve. REVIEW OF NEW PUBLICATIONS.
getative Power in the Seeds of Plants 239 Lalla Rookh ; an Oriental Romance. !

Narrow Escape from drowning of the By Thomas Mooremaa m.279

Blind and DeafBoy, James Mitchell 240 Memoirs of the Life and Writings of
Extracts from a Communication to J. George Buchanan . By Dr Irving..286
C. Curwen , Esq. M.P. on the Relief The Craniad , or Spurzheim Illustrated ;
of the Poorcomm -241 a. Poem 288
Origin of the Terms, Whig and Tory..246 Manfred ; a Dramatic Poem . By Lord
Tales and Anecdotes of thePastoral Life , Byron am289
No III. Manananana 247 ANALYTICAL NOTICES.
Anecdotes of the Inquisitioncamaronen .250
Sketches of Foreign Scenery and Man Quarterly Review , No 32cananna 296
ners 0251 Edinburgh Review ,No55mmmmmm. 300
Letter from the late Dr M.Lagan , rela- LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC
tive to the Compilation of a Gaelic INTELLIGENCEcammananana mm 303
Dictionary 256 WORKS PREPARING for PUBLICATION 308
Letter of Dr Vincent respecting Dr MONTHLY LIST OF NEW PUBLICA
Adam man mm260 TIONS min 310
Observations on Mr Wordsworth's Let 2
ter relative to a new edition of Burns' MONTHLY REGISTER .
Works 261 FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE womanom315
Introduction to a Medical Report of PROCEEDINGS OF PARLIAMENT 319
Edinburgh 266 BRITISH CHRONICLE 323
Sketch of aTradition related by a Monk Promotions and Appointments.
in Switzerland maman 270 Commercial Report
Account of Sir George Mackenzie's MS. Agricultural Reportmom 336
History of Scotland (By the Rev. Dr Meteorological Report . 338
M -Crie) man273 Births, Marriages ,and Deathsmannamin 339

EDINBURGH :
WILLIAM BLACKWOOD, NO 17, PRINCE'S STREET, EDINBURGH ;
AND T. CADELL AND W. DAVIES, STRAND, LONDON ;
To whom Communications ( post paid) muy be addressed .
SOLD ALSO BY ALL THE BOOKSELLERS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM.

[OLIVER & BOYD , Printers, Edinburgh .]

 NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.

The following Articles, which we have been under the necessity of postponing,
shall, if possible, appear in our next : Car -Rock Stone Beacon' On the
Study of some branches of Natural History ' Attack upon Bergen -op -Zoom '
Danger of Early Attachments, a Tale ;' - Continuations of the View -Hunter
-Greek Tragedy - and Scottish Gypsies ;-Reviews of Grenfell's Speech -
of the Life of William Hutton ' - of Miss Edgeworth's ' Comic Dramas' and
of Colman's ' Eccentricities for Edinburgh .'
The communications upon · The Origin and Descent of the Gael- - Etymo
logy of the Alphabet Isle of Man ' - Dangers of Good Fortune'- Origin
of the Gypsies' Story of Colonel M'Gregor --Valley of the Voice of Fear ,
-and a number of poetical pieces, are under consideration.
Besides the paper by “ Candidus,' noticed in our last, we have received various
communications upon Dr Spurzheim's system - or rather upon the controversies
to which it has given rise. Two of these now before us are ably written, but
nevertheless inadmissible. They are opposite in their views of the subject, but
equally objectionable on account of frequent and invidious personal reflections,
We have no objection to insert another paper on Craniology, but only on con
dition that the subject be treated exclusively upon its own merits as a philo
sophical discussion, and not as a party quarrel.
We have just received a valuable communication , entitled, “ On sitting be
low the Salt, and the Stewarts of Allanton .' This able vindication of that an 1

cient family was too late for our present Number, but it shall occupy a promi
nent place in our next.
From the press of materials requiring immediate attention , and the length of
our Review branch, we have been obliged to leave over, till next month , the
very excellent paper (already in types ), entitled , ' Cursory Remarkson Music,
and likewise our Select Extracts and Antiquarian Repertory. 1
 BLACKWOOD'S

EDINBURGH MAGAZINE .

No. III. JUNE 1817 Vol. I.

ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS.

SOME ACCOUNT OF THE WERNERIAN to this view , it will be well to illus.

NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF "trate its truth , and to trace the insen ,
EDINBURGH . sible though progressive influence that
has been exercised on the minds of
To determine the utility of Natural “many, by one enlightened , zealous, -
History, it is scarcely necessary to do and persevering individual.
more than to enumerate its various The state of mineralogical know
branches, by which it will be seen in ledge, within the last forty years , was
its most convincing form . In truth, the confessedly low in every part of the
*correctness of this opinion requires no world, as it consisted of little more
proof, since the generalattention which than an acquaintance with the more
has, within a few years, been excited valuable substances, and of a catalogue
to the study of every department of of localities. On the Continent of Ex
natural knowledge, must have render- rope, the first steps towardsimprove
ed every illustration that canbe offered ment were made ;while, in our coun
perfectly familiar to our readers. This try, though so rich in itsmineral treasa
being the admitted fact, the impor- ures, scarcelya work appeared, with the
" tance of all attempts to facilitate such exception of Williams' Mineral Kinga
studies, to excite ardour, and to sti. dom , and Price's Cornwall, that con .
mulate exertion, will be fully appre- tained accurate observations. Yet, in
* ciated. Under the influence of this the midst of this most deplorable iga
conviction, we make no apology for norance of the works of nature, her
submitting to the public the following most secret mysteries were resolved
sketch of the rise, progress, and pre- with a boldnessand temerity scarcely
sent state of the Wernerian Natural to be surpassed by the flights of Para
"History Society of Edinburgh, as well celsus, orof Arnoldus de Ville Nova.
as a few general observations on that It would be a fruitless and unprofita
branch of natural history to which able task to give even a sketch of these
some of its most distinguished mem- whimsical, though often ingenious,
bers have hitherto devoted their ta- fancies.
lents. The history of this society is, The individual to whom mineral
in fact, so intimately blended with the ogy is most deeply indebted, is the
progress of mineralogical science in well-known Werner of Freyberg. He
Great Britain , as to make it impossi- has taught the vast importance of ac
ble to notice the one and neglect the curate observation , and patient inves
other. To this society, we, without tigation. He has shown, that in this
hesitation, refer not only a large share science, as in every other, facts should
of the enthusiasm that has been kin- not be made to bend to hypothesis ;
dled, but some of the most interesting but that every man who wishes to obo
observations on the internal structure tain accurate views, should begin his
of Great Britain that have yet been career unfettered by theory - and that
presented to the world . In addition the result must be a more accurate
232 Wernerian Natural History Society ofEdinburgh . [ June
and extensive acquaintance with the the doctrines of which the author may
materials of this globe. He has fure be considered the most illustrious
ther shown, thatcertain relations ex- champion. Public attention having
ist among these various materials been strongly excited on these topics,
and although his own particular the- by the impugning of Dr Hution's
ories, and even his views respecting creed by Professor Jameson , the con
individual relations, may be occasion- test became keen ; and the result has
ally erroneous, yet still he is entitled been, to establish, very universally,
to the high praise of having pointed the important fact, thatthe scienceof
out the true mode of inquiry, and of mineralogy is only to be acquired by
having given that direction to the patient labour, and that theory is as
study of nature which experience has useless as contemptible, unless sup
shown to be decidedly good. ported by a “ cloud of facts . ”
While this illustrious man was si- In this state of general scientific ex
lently pursuing his useful career in citement, those who felt anxious to
Germany, other philosophers in this render it beneficial, naturally sought
country , of high talent, boldly struck for channels through which its in
out general views, which, though not fluence mightbe judiciously directed .
remarkable for accuracy, entitled their The most obvious was the establish
hors to the character of genius and ment of societies, which, while pro
of fancy. Dr Hutton of Edinburgh tecting and encouraging every branch
took a decided lead in this matter. of natural history, would afford due
He communicated his hypothetical o- support to mineralogical science in
pinions to the world, firstthrough the all its parts, whether regarded as fure
medium of the Edinburgh Transac- nishing materials for the philosophic
tions; and subsequently ,in 1795,they inquirer, or as directing the operations
were republished in a separate form . of the practical mineralogist. Seve
It would be foreign to our purpose ral societies, for promoting the know
here tocriticize this ingenioustheory, ledgeof nature, have been long estab
abounding in splendid views, which , lished ; yet they have been so con
unfortunately, are too often unsup- fined ( not indeed by their regulations,
ported by facts. Had Dr Hutton but by the habits and peculiar associ
studied nature, and then theorized , ations of their leading members) that
his genius would, in all probability, few have ever been bold enough to in
have illustrated many difficult points ; troduce topics which, if not considered
but it is obvious, from his ownworks, innovations, would excite little or no
that he has frequently reversed this general interest. Perhaps this might
order of proceeding. arise from the scope of the older socie
While these dazzling speculations ties being too extensive. But what
allured the votaries of Hutton , the ever mayhave been the cause, the ef
present Professor of natural history in fects are certain. To supply this de
the university of Edinburgh first be- fect, and to rouse a certain interest in
came known to the world as a scien- the neglected though highly interest
tific man , by hisMineralogy ofArran ing walks of science, was an object of
and Shetland, published in 1798 ;and importance to every one who had per
afterwards, in 1601, by his Mineralogy ceived and felt the inconveniences re
of the Scottish Isles. In these works sulting from the old system . Profes
hegave a flattering earnest of his ac- sor Jameson (who may beconsidered
curateviews in the study of science, the founder of mineralogicalsciencein
and of his indefatigable zeal in the ato Great Britain ) had contemplated the
tainment of it. . His labours are be- object of this sketch soon after his re
fore mankind ; and his success is best turn from Germany ; and as the pub
attested by the admiration of those lic attention had been strongly solicited
who owe their scientific acquirements by his valuable works, to one departe
and habits to his instruction and un- ment of natural history, it was con
wearied enthusiasm . sidered a favourable opportunity to
About 1804, Mr Playfair's beauti- bring together, in an organized form ,
ful and eloquent Illustrations of the such individuals as were desirous of
Huttonian Theory were first published. extending the bounds of our natural
In this work , all'that eloquence, fine knowledge in general, without limit .
taste, and infinite ingenuity could do, ing the tendencies of its original
were united to vindicate and establish founders. Accordingly, on the 12th
1817. ) Wernerian Natural History Society of Edinburgh. 233

January 1808, Professor Jameson, contain undeniable proofs of freedom

Doctors Wright, Macknight, Barclay, of discussion.
and Thomson, Colonel Fullerton, The society has now existed up
Messrs Anderson, Neill, and Walker wards of nine years, during which
(now Sir Patrick Walker ), held their period its records have been graced
first meeting, and " resolved to associate with the names of all the most distin
themselves intoa societyfor the purpose guished philosophers of Europe and
of promoting the studyof natural his- America ; and although unaided by
tory ; and inhonour of the illustrious the advantages of wealth , it has silent
Werner of Freyberg, to assume the ly pursued its useful career, and has,
nameof the Wernerian Natural His- both directly and indirectly, contri
tory Society.” Professor Jameson was buted most essentially to the well-do
elected the first president ; Doctors ing of science. Most of the active
Wright, Macknight, Barclay, and members of this society are profession
Thomson, the vice - presidents ; Mr al men, whose daily engagements cir
Walker, the treasurer ; and Mr Neill, cumscribe the sphere of their scientific
the secretary. Honorary and other utility ; yet, notwithstanding this and
members were elected ; and among the other disadvantages, they have explor
first of the former, the society has the ed a large portion of country - have
honour of enumerating the illustrious contributed several valuable papers,
names of Werner, Sir Joseph Banks, which have been published , besides
and Kirwan . At the same time, it others of equalimportance, which will,
was resolved that a charter should be in due season, appear at the bar of the
applied for ; and accordingly, this be- public. While the individual mem
ing done, the Lord Provost and Ma- bers are thus co-operating in their ef
gistrates of Edinburgh , by virtue of forts, thesociety, as a body, has not
authority vested in them , granted the been negligent of its more imme
charter on the 10th February 1808 ; diate duties. One complete volume of
thus solemnly incorporating the so- memoirs, containing several very va
ciety. luable papers, andone half volume,
The objects of the Wernerian Nat- have been already published . The se
ural History Society are sufficiently cond half of the second volume is also
defined by the resolution which we ready for publication. The merits of
have extracted . They are simply the these volumes are sufficiently known
general promotion of every branch of to the scientific world ; and as ana
natural science ; at the same time, it lyses of their contents have been for
is to be understood, that its fostering merly given elsewhere, it is unneces
care has, from obvious causes, hitherto sary for us to enter into such details.
been chiefly bestowed on mineralogical We trust, that the part on the eve of
science. Some, who are more disposed appearing will justify the expectations
to cavil than to reflect, have objected excited by its predecessors.
to the distinctive title assumed by the The course hitherto adopted by the
founders of this society, as narrowing Wernerian Society has been unques
its scope. Werner, it is true, ischief- tionably good -- though not so brilliant
ly, ifnotexclusively, known in Britain as it might have been, had it possessed
as a distinguished mineralogist. His some advantages not wholly unknown
knowledge, however, extends to every to others. Upon thewhole, however,
branch of natural science, and is re- we are disposed to think , that a quiet
garded , by those who have possessed unobtrusive career, in which solid
the singular advantage of his instruc- foundations for future distinction and
tion , as equally remarkable for its ac- lasting reputation are laid , is to be
curacy as for its extent. preferred to that rapid course which
The honourable compliment paid to dazzles for a while, but leaves no fixed
his merits, as a man of science,ought and permanent impression. When ,
to be considered, what it really is, indeed, we recall the circumstances
as analogous to similar distinctions under which it was first established
bestowed on Linnæus in this coun- when we recollect the odium which
try, and on other eminent men on was attached to the very name, we
the continent. The name implies no cheerfully offer the tribute so merited
determination blindly to support Wer. by him, to whose intelligence, liberali ,
ner's peculiar views -- as may be shown ty, and unwearied diligence, we owe
from the published memoirs, which , all that true spirit of mineralogical
 234 Communications from Colonel Mudge. [ June
inquiry now abroad, and which bids set up the pendulum , and the ord
fair to place our country among the nance zenith sector, the workmanship
first where such studies have been suc- of the late celebrated Mr Ramsden .
cessfully cultivated. While we thus Thus, 'while the experiments are car
bestowpraise where it is due, wecan- rying on to ascertain the force of gra
not refrain from tendering our mite to vity in that quarter, the observations
the Geological Society of London , will be made on proper stars near to
which has done so much towards elu- the zenith, hereafter to be also ob
cidatingthe internal structure of Eng- served, in finding the amplitude of the
land. Sincerely must it be wished, by whole meridional arc. The base, now
every truelover of science, that these nearly completed in its measurement
two societies may cordially co -operate by Captain Thomas Colby of the Royal
in their common objects. Let this be Engineers, in the vicinity of Aber
thecase, and we shall anxiously apply deen, will verify the sides of the tri
to them the spirit of the dying address angles towards the northern part of
of Father Paul to his country— “ Es- our arc, connecting the Orkney Islands
tote perpetuæ ." with the main land. It is probable
that M. Biot and myself will leave
this quarter for Inverness (where the
COMMUNICATION FROM COL. MUDGE .
ordnance sector is now deposited ) à .
bout the end of this month , and we
( Addressed to the Publisher. ) think it likely, if the weather should
Edinburgh, 7th June, 1817. be fair, that our operations in the Ork .
SIR, neys will be finished early in August.
M. Bior and myself are extremely When these observations shall be com
obliged to you, and thank you for pleted, we shall proceed to Yarmouth,
your politeness. on the coast of Norfolk , which lies near
In compliance with your wish to ly on the meridian of Formentera pro
bemade acquainted with the business duced,and therewehopetobejoined by
which has brought us to this place, M. Arago, member of the Institute of
I have the honour to inform you , that France, and oneof the Commissioners
in consequence of the trigonometrical of the Board of Longitude. By this
survey, carried on under my direction, co- operation , having accurately ascer
having been brought on so far into tained the latitude of this place, a no
the north as to admit of the descrip- table addition will be made to the
tion of the longest meridional line pas- arc , running south from Formentera
sing through Great Britain , M. Biot, to Dunkirk , independent of the great
under the authority of both the French one running north to the Orkneys ;
and English Governments, is arrived for we hope that the difference of
in England for the purpose of doing, longitude (being only a few degrees)
in the severalparts of our arc, the same will not have sufficient influence to in
series of experiments that had been terfere with the importance of this last
formerly doneby himself and the Com- connexion . We will repeat the experi
mission of the Board of Longitude, ments of the pendulum at Yarmouth,
at Formentera , one of the Balearic and afterwards proceed to Black
islands in the Mediterranean, and o- down, near Weymouth , to the meri
ther stations on the French meridian, dional limit of the English arc,where,
proceeding from thence to Dunkirk. having again observed the pendu
The object of these experiments lum , and made observations with the
is, to ascertain the force of gravity at zenith sector on the same stars as
certain parts of our meridian, as con- are to be observed in the Orkneys,
nected with that of France and Spain. our united operations will close with
T'he pendulum is now erecting in Messrs Biot and Arago erecting their
Leith Fort, where every convenience clock at the Royal Observatory at
offers itself for the experiment, and Greenwich . It was to be always
every wish has been anticipated by the expected , that whenever peace should
chief engineer , Sir Howard Elphinstone. arrive, the science of France and Eng
When the operations shall be complet- land would affiliate, and by the unit
ed , wepropose to proceed to Kirkwalle operations, in this particular, de
d
in the Orkneys , and near that place, termine the magnitude and figure of
or some more convenient situation, if the earth , by experiments carried on on
any such can be found , we shall again a greater scale than could be done in
1817.] Original of the ' Black Dwarf.' 233

dividually, and with the utmost nice- vidual alluded to, which bear the
ty and exactness. The whole arc, Reviewer's story out, as far as facts,
from Formenterato the Orkneys, will go , and correct it where exaggeration
contain nearly 22° of the earth's me- seems to have led astray - I here pro
ridian ; and thence the quadrantal pose to lay them before your readers,
arc of the whole meridian, extending whom they may perhaps serve to in
from the equator to the pole, being terest or amuse.
ascertained, will afford the best of David Ritchie , for such was the
all possible standards of length and name of this real dwarf, lived for
capacity, whenever it shall be deter- many years in a small cottage on the
mined by the Legislatures of both farm ofWoodhouse, parish ofMannor,
countriesto equalize their weights and Peeblesshire, and was very generally
measures by the same common stand- known in that part of the country, by
ard . The great arc deduced from the name of " Bowed Davie o the
these operations will be found to pass Wud'use,'a name given to him from
over a part of Spain , all France and his remarkable personal deformity ,
Great Britain : Belgium has already his stature beingshorthis body thick
followed the example of France, and -and his legs awkwardly bent- and
has taken the standard from the same although not altogether possessed of
natural source : thus, if by this parti- that spheroidal form which is given to
cipation, the three nations, from their the Black Dwarf, yet evidently afford
united meridian , should agree to take ing us, in his personal appearance, an
the same standard derived from it,there imperfect prototype of that mysterious
seems littlereason to doubt , the rest personage. He also resembled Elshie
of the world , without loss of time or in his temper, which was quite sour
difficulty, would follow their example. and misanthropical. This was parti
M. Biot and myself beg to return cularly displayed in his conduct to a
thanks to Mr Bain for his book on sister of his own, who resided many
the variation of the compass,and with years in a neighbouring cottage, but
his compliments to yourself, I have from whom hewascompletely estrang
the honour to remain, sir, your most ed. This cottage was erected for him
obedient humble servant, by Sir James Nasmyth, and was given
W. MUDGE. to him rent- free. It was remarkable
Wm Blackwood, Esq. for the lowness of the door, which was
made proportionate to the size of the
inhabitant. The cottage was surround
SOME ACCOUNT OF
BOWED DAVIE,' ed by a garden, which was cultivated
:
THE SUPPOSED ORIGINAL of the by Davie himself, and was long the
BLACK DWARF.' admiration of every passenger whº
came through the sequestered vale in
MR EDITOR . which it lay. It was, in fact, the
There is an evident propensity in richest garden for verdure and beauty
man, to confer the stamp of reality or which the surrounding country could
past existence on even the most ima- display ; its wall was nearly seven feet
ginary characters that come before him , high- (a height uncommon in that
whether from the pen of the dramatist, part of the country ) —and included
novelist, or incidental story -teller. Ac- some very large stones, which the
cordingly , in conformity with this dwarf himself was said to have lifted.
principle , I find theQuarterly Review . Thelate Dr Adam Ferguson, who re
ers, in an article just published on sided in the neighbouringmansion of
the “ Tales of my Landlord ,” point. Hallyards, used sometimes to visit
ing out an individı:al as the probable Davie, as an amusement, in this retired
prototype and original of the Black spot ; but I'never heardthat any thing
Dwarf - or Cannie Elshie ,' of the remarkable occurred on those occasions.
ingenious and far -famed novelist. Mr Walter Scott was also a frequent
Now , sir, with a laudable regard to visitor of Davie's, and was said to have
facts, the Reviewer has referred us held long communings with him.-So
to the actual spot where this sup- far the Reviewer's account of · Bowed
posed original is said to have resid, Davie' is consistent with facts ; but
ed. He has thus rendered inquiry I believe it may be affirmed, that he
practicable ; and as I happen to know was never much remarked for his in
some particulars. regarding the indi- tellectual superiority; and that the
236 Epistle ofa Highland Chief ,-Oath of Bread and Salt. [June
history of his mysterious appearance, clene wy! his shelle, and gaveyt back ;
and hasty rearing of the cottage, rests but noo all is changytt forr ye waur;
on no better grounds than the mere and a ye platters was sylver of wate,
exaggerations of vulgar report. He and a ye quaigs was glashes. Ye wull
lived to the advanced age of 76 years, here newes orrlang bee. I luk forr
and, rendered more dwarf-like by in- no goot of yis changys. I hav sent ye
firmity, died 6th December 1811, - a stott * pr my lad Donill going southe,
utterly unconscious, I dare say, that and houpal is wel w! y! ladie and ye
his name and story would ever come barns. - Y . trystie friend,
before the public. He was interred in LOCHIEL.
the parish church -yard - although he Address.)
himself had expressed a wish that he . Tomy worthie and honourab ! freend,
might be interred on a particular hil- Mister James Campbell, advocat,
lock in the neighbourhood of his cot- own brother to ye Laird off Arkin
tage. The following not inappropriate less, at his lodgin in Edin !. , wy!
epitaph was proposed by some pseudo- ane black beest by Donill M‘Pher
son .
poet, to mark his remains :
“ Here lies D. Ritchie's singular banes,
Stretched on the light red gravel stanes.
In yon queer cave on Woodhouse croft, OATH OF BREAD AND SALT.
A little garden he had
' Twas there, throughwrought ,
life, his way he MR EDITOR,
You have already furnished your
fought.” J. A. readers with two learned dissertations
June 6, 1817. on the expression of “ Sitting below
the Salt,” and it seems we are to be
favoured with more of them . With
EPISTLE OF A HIGHLAND CHIEF.
out wishing to divert them from this
[ The following article,purporting to be inquiry, or to prevent an answer to
the “ Copy of a letter of Sir Ewan Cameron the very edifying questions of P. F.
of Lochiel," was given to us for insertion may I request, from some of your an
Antiquarn,ianwho
in our •gentlema
worthy had yállowed
Repertor very tiquarian correspondents, information
,' by a him-
self to be bronzed by a facetious correspon
on an ancient practice, which bears
dent. Weinsert it,however, as a curiosity some affinity to that which has en
in its kind.] gaged their attention . In the Records
e date about of the Presbytery of Edinburgh , Sept.
DEAR( “ Probabl
JAMES,-Yt is a 1702.” )
grete losse 20, 1586, the following account is
that ye plee is takin this turne, forr given of an oath required fromScots
merchants trading to the Baltic, when
I wull* !
ye Min?
but gangofrichtit
se mysell iff yealone,
certy his wulí they passed the Sound :
not, on that poore sillie callont which " Čertan merchantis passing to Dan
skerne, and cuming neir elsinnure, chus.
kens nothis bettirs. Whatforr wull singout ane quhen theyaccompted for the
ye nivir com doon in the vacins tull se payment of the toill of the goods. Andthat
us a - butt ye heelans is sore changitt be depositioun of ane othe in forme follow ,
syn ye sa yem . Yt is amashing hooing, viz. Thei present and offer breid and
ye are changyt forr ye warse. I was salt to the deponerof the othe, whereon he
at dener on Satirday at ye Duke's, and layis his hand, and deponis hisconscience,
ytisa sore changet' hous. Imynd in andsweiris."
i I shall be glad to learn the origin
my youļ whan I was a younge litil
callont, I dynt on a day at ye Duke's and precise meaning of this rite, and
wy! meny nobillities, and ithers of a the extent to which itprevailed. Pro
degris ; and behynt ilk chair or stul, vided I obtain satisfaction on these
as wehadde yem , was a red -leggit heads, I am not very anxious toknow
loone, wyt: a clapadhut shelle ; and all whether the bread was presented on a
ye dyshes was timmer ; and whan I platter, and the salt in a vat ; and if
was dune I pitet my dysh our my so, of what materials these were com
shouther to the ladie, and he scartet yt posed, & c. & c. ; - but your, corres
pondents, notwithstanding, may com
Sir Ewan seems to have been engaged municate their own information in
in some lawsuit,whereinthe law of death . their own way .-- I am , yours, & c. .
bed was concerned . The letter is to his Y, Z.
counsel.
+ I believe this is the large rock -mussel. Query - Was this Mr Campbell's fee ?
 1817.) On the Humour of Ancient Scottish Songs. 237

REMARKS ON THE HUMOUR OF OUR is still more striking ; in particular,

ANCIENT SONGS. the serio -comic way that prevails in
MR EDITOR , both , of relating the most extravagant
I was pleased to see in your first incidents,which ,above all other things,
Number, an old ballad introduced has the effect of heightening the hu
which was alwaysmy greatest favour- mour . In short, sir, if either you or
ite"The Wyfe of Auehtermuch- any of your correspondents can adduce
tie." It is singular that this song, or farther proof thatthis ballad was in
rather poem , should have been so often deed written by the redoubted " Gude
overlooked by our late collectors of man of Ballangeich ," I will account
ballads, though, in many instances, myself much beholden to you ; and
they have raked themup to the very though my evidence may appear frail,
lees. I wish you could have afforded us still I will hang by the tradition ; and
some key tothe author , either drawn unless some of my opponents can ad
from record or probability, for I have vance something more conclusive on
heard some violent disputes about this the other side,I will retain my in.
since it appeared. I cannot now tell tegrity, and refuse to pay the dinner
how it is, but ever since I remember, I and drink that I betted on the issue of
have been impressed with the belief the research.
that it was the production of King I cannot helpremarking here, while
James V. ; that I have heard this as I am on this subject,how wonderful
serted a hundred times I know , but it is that no regular collectionhas been
yet I can searcely believe that it was made of ourhumorous songsby them
from tradition alone that I at first had selves. If these were well selected, ar
this intimation. So thoroughly was I ranged, and set to their own old rant
convinced of thetruth of it, that I had ing tunes, they could not fail of being
nearly quarrelled outright with a very highly acceptableto the lovers of in
intimate friend, for saying that there nocent frolic and social glee. The
was no proof nor insinuation in any best of our old songs are those of hu
work extant that warranted such a bem mour . That class, at the head of
lief; and after a good deal of research, which we may place “ The Wyfe of
to my great disappointment, I confess Auchtermuchtie," " Fy let us a ' to the
;" “ Rob's Jock,” and “ Muir .
that I can discover none, excepting the Bridal,"
resemblance between this balladand landWillie,” are greatly superior to
those that are usually supposed to have the Damons and Phillises of the same
been written by that prince. This age. Our forefathers had one peculi .
likeness may be chimerical, for fancy arity in song -writing, which their
is powerfulin modelling images that children seem to have lost; it wasthe
1 she believes orwishes to exist, but to ' art of picking up an occurrence, of all
me it seems fully apparent. The same possible ones the most unfeasible,
disposition to depict the manners of whereon to found a song. This adds
low life, and ofthe country people, greatly to the comic effect. The fol
with their blunders and perplexities, Towing song,entitled, “Simon Brodie ,”
predominates in them all. " As one in as it is short, and rarely to be met
stance it maybe noted, that the insure with , may be given as an instance. .
mountable difficulties of the Gudeman Och ! mine honest Simon Brodie, 1 $
of Auchtermuchtie, -- the perplexity of Stupit, auld , doitit bodie !
the Gudewife in the ballad of " T'he I'll awa to the north coontrye
Gaberlunzie -man , " when she found And see mine honest Simon Brodie.
daughterof had
that her despair eloped , and SimonBrodie had ane wyfe,
the utter the lass in '“ The And wowbutshe was brawandbonny !
Jolly Beggar," when she discovered He teuk the dish -clout aff the bink,
that shehadlain beside“ the puir And Och preend it till her cockernonny.
! mine honest Simon Brodie , & c.
auld bodie ;" bear all strong evidences Simon Brodiehadane cow ,
of the same mind and the same mode
of thinking. Poets have generally but The cow was tint, he couldna find her !
Quhenhe had done whatman could dow ,
a few situations in which they nat. The cow cam hame wi' her tail behind her.
urally incline to place their principal Och ! mine honest Simon Brodie, & c .
characters. The favourite one of James
was that of a ludicrous perplexity . # " Christ's Kirk on the Green ” is com
The resemblance between this bal. monly, and we believe justly, ascribed to
lad and “ Christ's Kirk on the Green ,” King James I. EDITOR.
Vol. I. 2 H
238 On the Humour of Ancient Scottish Songs. [ June
And here our song ends- we have were three Scotch noblemen present,
no more. Perhaps an acute obseryer who were quite convulsed with laugh
mightinfer from this, that in some ter, and the rest perceiving that there
northern country, no body knows was something extremely droll in it
where, there lived in some age or ge which they could but very imperfect
neration a good -natured extremely ly comprehend, requested the author
stupid fellow , called Simon Brodie, to sing it again. , This he positively
and this is al ; still the shrewd idea declined. Some persons of very high
of pretending to define a character rank were present, who appearing
from two such bald and weather- much disappointed by this refusal, a
beaten incidents has something in it few noblemen , valuing themselves on
extremely droll. I may mention ano- their knowledge of Scotsmen's propen
ther of the same cast " A mile aboon sities, went up to this northern laird ,
Dundee." and offered him a piece of plate of an
hundred guineas value, if he would
The auld man's mare's dead ; sing the song over again ; but he, sen
The poor body's mare's dead ; sible that his song would not bear the
The auld man's mare's dead ; most minute investigation by the com
A mile aboon Dundee.
There was hay to ca ', an ' lint to lead ,
pany in which he then was, persisted
An hunder hotts o ' muck to spread , in
an his proverb, ,putting
old refusal cannotoffbewith
which them in
An' peats and tur's an'a' to lead ;
What mean'd the beast to dee ? serted here. He seems to have been
The auld man's mare's dead , & c . precisely of the same opinion with an
She had the cauld, but an the cruik , author of ourown day, between whom
The wheezloch an ' the wanton yeuk ; and his friend the following dialogue
On ilka knee she had a breuk ; , took place in a bookseller's shop in this
An ' yet the jade to dee ! town , to the no small amusement of
The auld man's mare's dead , & c. the bystanders :
She was lang -tooth'd , and blench -lippit, “Let me entreat you , for God's sake,
Haem -houghed , an' haggis-fitted, to make the language of this ballad so
Lang -neckit, chaunler-chaftit, as that we can understand it."
An ' yet the jade to dee ! “ I carenawhether ye understand it
The auldman's mare's dead, & c. or no, min ; I dinna aye understand it
very weel mysel .”
No poet now alive would ever think - It is not for what you or I , or
of writing a ditty on such an old any Scotsmen may understand ;but
miserable jade as this that died above remember this must be a sealed book
Dundee, far less of holding it out as to the English ."
so wonderful that she should havedied, 0, it's a ' the better for thatthae
while, in the mean time, every line English folk like aye best what they
shows that it was impossible the beast dinna understand . ”
could live. Haply these songs may I know that many old ofmuch
exist in some collection , but as I never genuine humour still songs
survive in the
saw them in any, and write them down country, which have never been cola
from recollection, as I heard them lected into any reputable work , merely
sung, I cannot assert that they are because they contain some expressions
given in full, that were inadmissible. A difficult
The confusion of characters and question arises here. Whether is it
dishes that are all blent together in better to lose these brilliant effusions
Fy let usa' to the Bridal,” is amase altogether, or to soften down andmo
terpiece of drollery. It is a pity that dify such expressions so as to suit the
there should be one or two expressions taste of an age so , notorious for its
in it that are rather too coarse to be scrupulous andsuperficial delicacy. I
sung in every company ; for wherever certainlywould give ground
vote ;forforthe
it is sungwith any degree of spirit, it latter. It is delicate my it
never misses the effectofaffording high would scarcely be possible to do always
amusement. The first man whom I just enough and not too much. But
heard sing this song, accompanied it though I would not recommend the
always with an anecdote of the author garbling of original songs as Allan
( who was a Scotch laird, whose name I Ramsay did, so as quite to change
have forgot) singing it once in a large their character, nor the forging a new
F private assembly at London . There volume of old songs off at the ground
 Vegetative Power in the Seeds of Plants. 239
1817.7
as Cromek did *, with the help of his the cause of song in general. If sim
friend Allan Cunningham , having no- plicity be the last refinement, and the
thing but a few ancient chorusses or highest excellence to which a poet ean
couplets, familiaramong the peasantry, reach , then these lyrical effusions of
to bear them through ; yet I certainly our ancestors possess it in a very high
would like to see'a saving handstretch- degree - true, it is not always elegant
edout torescue these relics ofbroad simplicity ,but it is better than pom
and simple humour ; and rather than pous affectation . Every thing in the
they shouldperish, or give offence to universe moves in a cirele till the two
modesty and good breeding, venture extremes meet ; thus the highest re
to use the pruning-knife a little. Arefinement returns again to where it set
weto losesuch productions as “ The out- the walks of simple nature.
Wyfe of Auchtermuchtie," because, May 27, 1817. S.
forsooth , there may be two words in
it thatone would not choose to read
aloud in a mixed company ? EXPERIMENT, BY MR LAUDER DICK,
Ritson has done a good deal for the YOUNGER OF FOUNTAINHALL, RE
preservation ofour lyrical lore ; John LATIVE TO THE PRESERVATION OF
son has done more ; and as both their THE VEGETATIVE POWER IN THE
' works are wearing scarce , it would SEEDS OF PLANTS.
surely be a good speculation to repub
lish them together, with such omis- MR EDITOR,
sions or additions as a man of judge The following is an extract of a let
ment might see meet. I look upon ter from my friend, Mr Laụder Diek,
Johnson's Museum as the most valu- dated Relugas, near Forres, 6th May
able collection of that nature that ever 1817. It contains a short notice of an
was made in our country -- notso much experiment, which , taken inconnexion
on account of the songs, ( for many of with some others of a similar nature,
them are now to be found inother col- already familiar to the vegetable phy
lections) as for the great mine ofori- siologist, may perhaps appear of con
ginal music which it contains. Many siderable interest to some ofyour read
of these tunes, it is true, have been ers. I am , sir, your most obedient
I G.
since modernised, and certainly are servant,
improved by the symphonies, graces, * A friend of mine possesses an es
and accompaniments, that have been
added ; still the preservation of them tate in this county, a great part of
in their simple and original state is a which, lying along the Moray Frith,
laudable and desirable object ; and was, at some period not very well as
there is no doubt but an enlarged edi- certained, but certainly not less than
t' tion of that work, wherein elegance sixty years ago , covered with sand,
and utility might be conjoined , is a which had been blown from the westa
desideratum in the vocal and musical ward , and overwhelmed the cultivated
miscellanies of the day. fields, so that the agriculturist was
Observing that you had set out on forced to abandon them altogether.
your miscellaneous career, with the My friend , soon after his purchase of
resuscitation of some valuable old po the estate, began the arduous but ju .
etic lore, I have thrown these few cur dicious operation of trenching down
sory remarks together, in hopes they the sand , and bringing to the surface
may be instrumental in bringing to the original black mould . These ope
light some more relics of the pastoral, rations of improvement were so pro
romantic, and rustic poetry of former ductive, as toinduce the very intelli
ages, which you will do well to pre- gent and enterprising proprietorto un
serve, and of which the collectors of dertake, lately, a still more laborious
songs and music may afterwards avail task ; viz. to trench down the super
themselves to their ownadvantage, and incumbent sand, on a part of the pro
perty where it was noless than eight
We have inserted our correspondent's feet deep .
remarks as they came to hand, though we Conceiving this to be a favourable
profess ourselves
groundof the charge that with
ignorant regard tothe opportunity for trying some experi
he makesagainst
Cromek. Wetrusthe can make good his ments relative to the length of time
assertion. It would be a curious instance which seeds preserve their power or
of literary fraud . EDITOR. vegetation , even when imniersed in
940 Narrow Escape of J. Mitchell, the Deafand Blind Boy. [ June
the soil, I procured from my friend a that, upon perceiving his situation, he.
quantity of the mould , taken fresh undressed himself, and plunged into
from under the sand, and carefully the sea ; seemingly with the intention
avoiding any mixture of the latter, of attempting to drag the boat with
This was instantly put into a jar, his clothes to land . Finding that,
which was stoppedup close, bymeans however, impracticable, he next ata
of a piece of bladder tied tightly over tempted returning to the boat, but
its mouth. Having prepared a couple failed in getting into it, and with his
of flower pot flats, by drilling small struggling upset it ; and there is not
holes in the bottom of them , so as to a doubt but he must have perished,
admit of the ascent of water, I filled had not some salmon - fishers been most
the flats with some of the mould, and providentially employed within sight
placing them in a very wide and shal- of him , and rowed to his assistance.
low tub made on purpose, I covered By thetime they reached him , he was
each ofthem with a largeglassreceiver, nearly exhausted by his exertions; and
Each receiver, however, was provided having been repeatedly completely un
with a brass rim , having little brass der water, was so benumbed withcold,
knobs on it, soas toraise its edge from that they wereobliged to stripthem
the bottom ofthetub, and leavea small selves of whatclothes they could spare,
opening for the admission of air. The and put on him his own being quite
whole apparatus was placed in my wet from the upsetting of the boat.
library, of which the door and win- They then very humanely brought
dows were kept constantly shut, him home, carrying him great part of
This was done on the i7th of Febr the way, until he recovered strength
ruary last. It is now the 6th of May ; and warmth sufficient to enable him
and , on examining the flats, I find to walk . " It is curious enough ,” says
about forty- six plants in them , apo his intelligent sister, “ to observe the
parently of four different kinds ; but, sagacity displayed in some of his acum
as they are yet very young , I cannot tions. His shoes were found with a
determine their species with any de stocking and garter stuffed into each
gree of accuracy .The final result of of them , andhis tobacco- pipe in his
the experiment Ishall not fail to com- coat-pocket,rolled up in his neckcloth,
municate to you.” The shoes (having got them on new
that morning ) were the only articles
he discovered any anxiety to recover ,
NARROW ESCAPE OF THE BLIND AND and these he seemed much delighted
DEAF BOY, JAMES MITCHELL, FROM with when restored to him , theyhav.
DROWNING . ing been found when the tide ebbed .
His first action , when I met him upon
DR GORDON has lately read to the being brought home, was to pull off a
Royal Society of Edinburgh, a letter worsted night- cap, and give it to me,
from Miss Mitchell, giving an ac- with rather an odd expression ofcoun- *
count of the conduct of her brother, tenance. The men had been obliged
the blind and deaf boy, some time ago, to put it on him , his hat having shar
when in imminent danger of being ed the fate ofhis clothes in theboat ;
drowned . and he certainly made a mostgrotesque
There is a point of land leading appearance altogether, which heseeme
from Naim (the townwhere he lives ), edto be in some degree aware of, as,
along the side and tothe mouth of the after getting on a dry suit ofhis own
river, and which, with high tides, is clothes, he frequently burst out a .
overflowed by the sea , where there are laughing during the evening ; al.
boats frequently left fastenedtosome though, upon the whole, he appeared
thing for the purpose. He had been graver, and more thoughtful than u .
in the habit, it seems, of going down sual. He has not suffered any injury
to these boats; and had that day gone from this accident, which had so near
down and stepped into one of them as ly proved fatal to him.” His family
usual. Before he was aware, how arein hopes that he has got a fright
ever, he was afloat, and completely that will prevent hisreturning to the
surrounded with water. Had he re same amusement again ,although they
mained quietly there until the tide have not yet recovered their former
ebbed, he probably would not have confidence in his safety when absent
been in any danger ; but instead of from them .
 1817. ) Relief ofthe Poor. 241
EXTRACTS FROM A COMMUNICATION by the use of animalpower , of machin
TO S. Có CURWEN, ESR. CHAIRMAN ery, and of capital, are often insuffi
OF THE COMMITTEEON THE POOR cient to make the earth repay the ex,
LAWS. penses of cultivating, sowing, and
manuring it. How vain, then, must 12

appear the hope, that that object will

Two errors, it seems to me, less dif- be effected , if the expense beincrease
ferent in their result than in their na . ed more than fivefold ! Gardens are
ture, may be committed in legislating indeed cultivated profitably by the
for our Poor; the ones the seeking spade; but the system of gardening
to patchup and amend asystem which has narrowlimits, being bounded by
is defective in its very principle ; and the demand for the produce, and still
the other, the too rashly embracing more by the means and cost of procur.
of visionary schemes. By the first, ing manures. If we will calculate
wemay givepermanency to evils which too, how little of the time of Mr
a firmer policy could remove ; by the Owen's poor could be spared from the
second, we may be so entangled in labours of tillage, we must suppose
costly and unavailing projects , as to the profits of manufactures to be great
be forced, after a time, toretrace our indeed, to support, even on the scan.
tiest fare, such a numerous society.
steps.
Of those plans of provision for the But even if we can believe that such
poor which have been made known, an establishment could repay its ex .
that of Mr Owen seems to be treated penses and support its members ; and
by the public with the greatest favour. if all the objections could be obviated
The favour, however, is perhaps more which arisefrom the vast numbers of
due to the benevolence of the author , those institutions which would need
than to the merits of his design . To to be formed, to maintain our excres
me, at least, it appears, that though cent population, and from the turn
MrOwen may have succeeded in a ing of so many thousand acres from
partial experiment, his system , as the profitable cultivation into the most
permanent one ofa great and popu- wasteful system of management that
lous nation, would be impracticable can be devised ; still I maintain, that
in the ultimate execution, and would the system is founded on principles
lead, in the attempt, to innumerable very different from those which will
evils . ever enable us to better the condition ,
In the opinion of this gentleman , and eradicate the vices, of the labour
so great has been the lessening of the ing poor.
need of human labour by the use of The argument for resorting to this
machinery, and so diminished will be system is founded upon an assumption
the demand for the products of our unsupported by experience, and with
industry by the cessation of war, that out evidence or probability to support
we shall never be able to employ our it- namely, that the simplification of
whole people as in the times that are labour by mechanism , and the ceasing
past: we must now afford them em , of the demand for warlike stores, will
ployment for no other purpose than render it impossible for us to employ,
to keep them from vice and idleness. as hitherto, our manufacturing popu
Tothis end it is proposed, that we lation. That many thousand labour
shall form societies of 1200 or 1600 ers, artisans, and traders, derived their
persons, and purchase an equal num . chief or entire subsistence from the
berof acres of land, to be cultivated preparation and sale of those commo
entirely by human labour. The time dities which the demands of war call,
that can be spared from this occupa . ed forth, is true ; but shall we believe
tion by the men , and a part of the that the opening of so many markets
time of the women and children, are formerly closed against us, and that
to be employed in certain manuface the prosperity which we may reason ,
tures, from the profits of which the ably hope from a commerceinterrupt.
whole expenses of the establishment ed only by the rivalship of less skilful
are to be defrayed, and theinhabitants and less wealthy nations, will not in ,
supported in alittle Utopian common . demnify us for the loss of our warlike
wealth . manufactures ?-The cheapness with
Now , it is known , that all the en , which the objects of luxury and use
ergy and frugality of a farmer, aided can be supplied, have never yet failed
242 Reliefofthe Poor. [ June
to increase the demand in a corres- structive lesson -- that is, in its origin ,
ponding ratio. At this time, depress- and before it has degenerated into a
ed and impoverished as the nations a . buse ; for in this state it may still be
round us are, there is nosuch decay of said to be in most parts of Scotland :
our exports, as to justify an opinion, and I have observed, that nothing is
that we shall not be able to export as more hurtful to the morals and use
much of the products of our industry fulness of the poor, than removing
ever .
as The most important of all from them , in the least, the shame of
our markets, that of the home con- dependence. Even the slight provi
sumer, will still be open to us ; and, sion which we make in Scotland, is
as before, we shall have the markets universallyadmitted to produce, on the
of colonies, which are themselves an manners of the lower classes, à résult
empire. Surely, from the mere ap- that is to be deplored. This is mani
prehension of an improbable event, it fested in many ways ; but in nothing
were a rash policy to establish amongst more than in the change of treatment
us anew and permanent system of de- to which it exposes the old and infirm ,
pendence on public support, and in- from those who are bound by the ties
stead of cherishing sentiments of in- of nature to support them . Formerly,
dependence amongst the poor, to in- the poorest person who was blessed
vite them to live on alms and a com- with health would have held it scan
mon ; to relinquish , on some hundred dalous to have suffered a parent or a
thousand acres, all the benefits we dé- near friend to depend on the public
rive from the improvements in the arts for support. But every parish meet
of tillage ; and to make it better for a ing, now , furnishes evidence that this
man to live on a public provision, than honourable feeling decays with the in
to offer his services where they could crease of the public bounty.
be most useful. No political evil will In short, sir, it seems to me, that
more certainly work its own cure than we cannot commit a greater error, in
that over-cheapness of labour, which legislating on this subject, than to
we are advised to prevent by artificial make it better for the poor todepend
regulations. The cheapness oflabour, on the public than on themselves for
as of most things besides, increases the the means of life, or in any way to
demand for it, by rendering the em- train them to dependence by remov
ployment of it more profitable.- In ing the shame of it. Mr Owen , how
our country , from 20 to 30 millions ever, by the tempting allurement of
sterling have been annually lent by comforts, invites his poor to depend
individuals to the state , and thence, upon a public provision. He doesin
by the purchase of warlike stores and deed propose to make them work , and
the various expenditure of govern- he hopes to make them virtuous ; but
ment, sent again, by innumerable their labour will be uselessto the com
ramifications, into the general circula- monwealth ; the manner of employing
tion. A great part of thisvast sum , it will have all the effects of a charity ;
by being now employed directly in and their virtues will not be those of
objects of private or public utility, men trained to an honest reliance on
in new manufactures, canals, harbours, their own industry.
railways, buildings, the embellishment Of the two classes of people who,
or improvement of landed property, by usage or the law , are the subjects
& c. & c.---will give employment to our of parish support, the one consistsof
population, and raise the rate of la- those who are disabled by age or nat
bour, in likemanner, asthe former ural infirmity from earning to them
expenditure of the state. Emigration , selves a subsistence ; the other of
too, will relieve us of part of our un- those who possess the physical power,
employed poor, and that assuredly to butwho are supposed to be destitute
no trivial extent, if the rate of labour of the means to obtain that return for
shall be very low.
售
their labour which will afford them a
livelihood . The first deserves all the
You , sir, have had an opportunity sympathy which is due to age and mis
of marking the effects ofa public pro- fortune ;and though it would be well
vision for the poor , in the fulness ofthat the task of relieving their wants
the abuse of the system . Ihave had were exercised by those on whom na
the means of marking its effects, at a ture imposes it as a duty, yet, in the
time when it affords a hardly less in- present corrupt state of this partof
1817. ) Relief of the Poor. 243

society we cannot always entrust those who was capable of labour, the means
unhappy persons tokinsmenwho may of findingemployment, we shouldgo
beunjustand cruel, and whom cus far to lay the axe to the root ofall this
tomhas long released from a natural monstroussystem of abuse and error.
obligation. ' Tis then the two classes of poor would
But of those whose claim for public be entirely separated ; no one whom
support is founded on their inability nature had not unfitted for toil could
ito procure a return for that industry be held to have a claim for public
which they are able to exert , every support ; and the whole object of the
reasonableclaim will be satisfied,if laws would be confined to a partof
they are presented with an object for thepoor which does not perhaps ex
their industry, and areturnfor its ex- ceed one-fifthof those to whom assist
ercise. It were well that they them- ance is now afforded .
selves were forced to seek for the one, These things are necessary , if we
and, like the inhabitants of every other would accomplish this great work :
country, to take the market value of the labouringpoor must be contented
the other. But the greatness of our to receive the market value of their
manufacturing population , the sudden labour, as they would be forced to do
variations of commerce, the increase in every country but their own ; and
of our numbers, long use, and the dis- if the community shall supply them
missal from the service of the state of with objects of industry, they must
thousands who were formerly main- look for no better return for it than
tained by it - render a return to this will afford them food and raiment,
natural state impracticable for the which we may consider as the mini
present, and will probably render it so mum rate of labour in a prosperous
foras long a time as any of this gene- country. The community , again, in
ration has to live. Necessity, there affording the materials of industry,
fore, will imposeonthe community and in placing them within the reach
the burden of affording support to of every person, must be careful to
those who are destitute of the means hold out no boon for the people to
of obtaining employment; but neither labour for the public rather than for
necessity nor humanity call upon the themselves, or for those who can em
public to minister, as hitherto, to ha- ploy them .
bits of vice and excess, and to cherish Byadopting a plan founded on these
idleness by an indiscreet profusion . principles, we should enable every per
It were idle to descant on the evils of son to procure to himself a mainten
such a course . Our present system ance, without being beholden to any
has, for more than a century, been a species of degrading charity ;we should
source of vexation and abuse. The not interfere injuriously with the price
laws of settlement, to which it has of labour, but should suffer it to rise
given birth, are, perhaps, beyond all or fall, asit ever ought, with the de
laws that ever were devised, perplexed mand for it, and the profits of it ; we
and confused are the source ofinnu- should teach the labouring classes to
merable frauds and never ending liti- resort to the frugal habits becoming
gation , and subject the poor of Eng . their condition in life,and most suited
land to a tyranny and control unsuit- to their own happiness and virtue ;
able to the spirit ofa free people. Our and we should wonderfully simplify
fatal desire to promote the comfort of the business of legislating for the poor,
the poor has rendered every eighth by rendering none but the really help
person a beggar, in a country where less the objects of parish support. All
the demand and reward for industry but these unfortunate persons might
have been greater than in any other in have employment, if they chose to ac
Europe ; has removed from many cept of such an equivalent as the pro
hundred thousand souls the shame of fits of it could afford : if they would
dependence on a public charity ; and, not - if they would renounce none of
in rendering the old degraded and de- their luxuries when the rate of labour
praved, has contaminated the young was low - not even the dear delights of
to future times. the gin shop -- the folly and the pun
I presume to think , that if a method ishment would be all their own. If
could be devised, cheap , simple, and the poor of England shall be able to
of easy execution, to afford to every indulge in habits unknown to the poor
person, of either sex and of every age, of any nation in Europe, it will be
244 Relief ofthe Poor. [ June
well ; but it is time that the means duce, and themeans of procuring ma
weresupplied from the profits of their nures .
own labour, and not from the bounty Every person ,male or female, young
of the commnnity. or old , should be entitled to demand
In suggesting a plan for effecting work in these establishments, and to
the object in question , I take it for be immediately accommodated with a
granted that it is possible to employ lodging: Every familyshould obtain
our population in objects of useful in one apartment ; and all the children
dustry , the contrary supposition ap- above the age of three should be re
pearing to me to be a mere opinion , ceived into lodging -houses fitted for
without proof or likelihood to support their reception. The number of un
it . married grown -up persons to be put
I propose, that in every county ( or into one apartment should not exceed
district of two ormore counties, where three.
these are small or not populous ), one The rate of labour should be fixed
or more large manufactories, of that by statute, at a sum which should be
sort which will give the greatest em- merely sufficient to procure the necesi
ployment to human labour, be erected saries of life ; but a cheap and regular
at the public expense , and that these supplyof those necessaries should be
be surrounded by buildings fit to ac- secured , proper market-places being
commodate, on a medium , from 2000 provided, and contracts entered into
to 4000 persons, besides children ; with butchers, bakers, dairymen , and
and that in theseestablishments every others, forthe supplyof the requisite
proper measure be taken to separate provisions: these provisions the inha
the young from the old , that the fore bitants should be suffered to purchase
mer maybe kept from the contamina. for themselves ,no farther interference
tion of vicious habits, and carefully beingmadewith theirmanner of living
instructed . than would be were they living in
I apprehend that fifty- two forEnge towns,and employed in the manufacă
land and Wales (or at the rate of one tories of individuals. In short, the
for each county ), and three for Scoto inhabitants should be freemen , and
land, will be sufficient. These, at the not slaves labourers for their own
medium rate of 3000 persons for each, support, and not dependants on alms.
will accommodate 165,000 persons, They should live as they might at
besides children -- a number which, home, subject only to such regulations
there is reason to believe, will exceed as should be necessary to secure the
the whole working poor of the king- peace of the society, and to preserve,
dom , who, in ordinary times, cannot as far as possible, their own morals,
otherwise be employed. But to ac- and those of their children .
commodate any increase of number, In order that every one might be
cheap temporary buildings of wood paid in proportion to the time his
could be erected, as occasion required . strength or his wishes kept him at
Without entering into details, I work , the rate of labour should be
compute that the whole expense of fixed by the hour. If that of the men
each of these establishments would were fixed at ltd ., of the women at
not exceed £ 160,000, or £ 8,800,000 1.d., of boys and girls below a certain
in all , and that temporary buildings, age at ld. each , by labouring a suffi
with the necessary furniture, to ac- cient number of hours, might earn à
commodate 100,000 persons more, support. The man who worked ten
could be erected for £ 1,200,000 hours a -day would receive 15d. ; his
making a total expense of ten millions wife might earn in proportion to the
sterling time she could spare from her domestic
Thus far might the suggestion of duties ; and the children would con
Mr Owen be adopted. Land in the tribute to their own maintenance.
neighbourhood might be rented, and They should be paid weekly, and
laid out for garden - ground, to be cul- should be at entire liberty, with their
tivated, according to certain rules, by families, to quit the society when they
the members of the establishment, and chose, and to seek elsewhere for more
the produce sold to defray the rent profitable or more agreeable employ
and expenses. This system , however, ment.
as I have said, would need to be limited All care should be employed in
by the extent of the mart for the pro- watching over the conduct of the
7
1817.] Reliefofthe Poor . 245
young, by keeping them as much as want of the necessaries of life, for a
possible under the eye of those ap- longer time than he could consume in
pointed to observe and instruct them . travelling to one of those manufac
A certain part of each day should be tories ; and the most forlorn wretch
devotedto their education ; they should would instantly have the power of be
not be suffered to injure themselves by coming an industrious member ofthat
overworking ; and they should be ina society, to which he might have other
dulgel with opportunity and time for wise proved a burden and a curse.
those healthy recreations which are Many of the crimes and misfortunes
suitable to the age , and beneficial of the poor might be traced to those
the temper, of children . Sixpence a- intervals of idleness and discontent
day will support a young person, and which thewant of employment occa
six hours' labour would procure it. sions and which are the times when
The regulations of the society, and theminister ofblasphemy and treason
the rate of labour, being fixed by po- is able to make his most numerouspro
sitive statute, the whole manufactory selytes. But all occasion for those
should be let for a term of from three periods of misery and guilt would now
to five years. Directors should be ap- cease . A poor man could , with a word,
pointed to watch over the interestsof procure themeansof support, without
the institution ; to observe that the sacrificing in the least his independ
regulations, in regard to the rate of ence ; while he earned his bread, he
labour, & c. were rigidly fulfilled ; and would neither be a beggar nor a slave ;
to appoint teachers, and the proper he would have the power of introduc
officer or officers to receive the rent ing his family into awell-regulated so
and manage the disbursements. The ciety, instead of being forced , as must
lessee should be the sole proprietor of often occur at present, to carryit into
the manufactory in every thing else, the receptacles of misery and debauch
paying and superintending his labour- ery ; his children would be trained to
ers, furnishingthe materials, and re- habits which theynever else could have
ceiving theprofits ofthemanufactures. acquired ; they would see, in their
The directors should be the whole parents, persons honestly earning the
justices of peace of the county, who means of life, and not the sharers and
should annually appoint a special com- abusers of an ill- judged charity.
mittee of their own number, or of But as these establishments could
gentlemen in the district. The rent, not be completed at once , and, exten
after defraying the expenses, should sive as they may seem , would be in
beapplied as asinking fund. sufficient to maintain the number of
The sum required for the building poor who are at present inadequately
and machinery could be raised by a employed, I propose that an effort
public loan , a land-taxbeing imposed shall be made, worthy of a great state,
to pay the interest. This land -tax to lighten in themean time that mass
would be payable by the tenant, with of misery, which, pressing on the body
recourse on hislandlord, if thelatter of the people, excites a dark andbrood
paid the poor's rates. Ofall the taxes ing spiritof discontent, of which no
that could be devised , this would be human sagacity can foresee all the
the most easy ; for while it would form evils. It is well known, that in order
avery small percentage on the pound to begin and complete innumerable
of rent, itwould ultimately relieve the works of public utility, as roads,
landofat least four- fifths ofits present bridges, canals, harbours --nothing is
burden . wanting but those funds which it ex
The raising of ten millions Sterling ceeds the power of individuals or so
present cieties
no injury int.theThe
would be ofmoneymarke to procure. There is hardly
state of the ex- a county in Britain , in which some
pending of this great sum would at of these great works would not be
once give employment to many thou- undertaken , if the means of doing
sand mechanics and labourers. In the so could be commanded. Let govern
course of twelve months many of those ment, then , be authorised to cure
manufactories would be erected, and by loan , a sum to the extent offive or
in the course of three years the whole six millions,* and empowered to take
plan could be completed . - What then
would be the result ? -No person Communicated to the Committee before
would need to be idle, or to suffer the Mr Vansittart's plan was made known.
VOL . I. 2I
246 Origin of the terms, Whig and Tory. [ June
similar work , not
every canal, or in
shares inshould nearer their end thañ when they
which be begun the course were first invented . ”
of a short period to be specified, to an II. Mr Laing takes no notice of the
amount not exceeding three- fourths of term Tory,but of Whig ,he gives the
the whole expense ; and also, to ad- following as the origin : had begun
vance money to a similar extent, at the “ Argyle and Lothian
rate of 3 per cent. for the building of an insurrection in the Highlands," and
bridges, making of new roads, & c. so forth.“ The expedition wasterm .
proportional part of their revenue be ed the Whigamores' inroad, from a
ing set apart to pay the interest and word employed by these western pea
liquidate the debt. The benefits that sants in driving horses; and the name,
would result from a measure of this transferred in the succeeding reign to
kind would be unspeakably great. If the opponents of the court, is still pre
proper enactmentswere madeto hasten servedand cherished by the Whigs, as
the beginning of the works, I will ven- the genuine descendants of the cove
ture to assert, that in sixmonths from nanting Scots.".*
the passing of the law , little short of III.Bailey, in his dictionary , gives
one hundred thousand persons would the following :
be employed in objects of publicutility. “ Whig (Sax .) whey, butter-milk,
or very small beer,” - again,
The really helpless poor could not 6 A WHIG -- first applied to those
perhaps be better maintained than by in Scotland who kept their meetings
moderate pecuniary allowances inthe in the fields, theircommon food being
parishes in which they live. I shall sour-milk , t - a nicknamegiven to those
not, however, extend my remarks, by who were against the court interest in
entering on a subject which would the times of King Charles and James
merit and require a more minute ana- II., and to such as were for it in suc
lysis than I could now bestowupon it. eeeding reigns.
To the plan I have ventured to sube With regard to Tory, hesays,
mit to your consideration, manyobjeca “ A word first used by the protest
tions of great force may doubtless beants in Ireland , to signify those Irish
urged. But from these, it is not in common robbers and murderers, who
the least probable that any measure stood outlawed for robbery and mur
which can be proposed or adoptedwill der ; now a nickname to such as call
be free. Perhaps we shall do well in themselves high church men , or to
seeking to change a system to which the partizans of the Chevalier de St
the policy of thestate has given all the George.
sanction of time, to limit our hopes to IV. Johnson, again , has “ WHIG
the obtaining of a great good by the (Sax.) 1. Whey.- 2. the name of a
enduring of considerable evil. faction ," -- and as to Tory, he sup
poses it to be derived from an Irish
word, signifying a savage.- " One who
ORIGIN OF THE TERMS, WHIG AND
TORY .
# For a further account of the term
“ Whigamore , " see Burnet, as quoted in
I. “ This year (says Hume ; Hist. Johnson's Dictionary.
Eng. 1680 ) is remarkable for being + In different parts of Scotland the
the epoch of the well-knownepithets term Whig isstill commonly applied to a
of Whig and Tory, by which, and sort of sour liquidwhich is obtained from
sometimes without any material dif. milk or cream . The whig is taken from
after it has been collected six or eight
ference, this island hasbeensolong cream
days fora kirning,andis drawn off bya
divided. The court party reproached spiggot from the bottom orcan.
of thecask
their antagonists withtheir affinity to itis also taken from sour-milk, when in
the fanatical conventiclers in Scotland, a coagulated state , or what the Scotch call
who were known by the name of lappert milk, being merely the thin watery
Whigs : The country party found a substance which is separated from the curd
resemblance between the courtiers and on stirring it about. The whig, both of sour
popish banditti in Ireland, to whom milk and cream , is extremely tart to the
taste . It is not, so far as we know , used in
Andappellation
the after this manner foolish. any way for food by the common people.
was affixed
of Tory, these
Might not this termhave been first applied
terms of reproach came into public and to the covenanters, in derision of theiraus
general use; and even at present, seem tere manners and unpalatableopinions ? ED .
5
1817.) Anecdotes of the Pastoral Life. 247

adheres to the ancient constitution of western men , called Cameronians, took

the state, and the apostolical hierarchy arms frequently for their religion .
of the church of England- opposed to Whigwasaword used in thoseparts
a Whig. for a kind of liquor the western High
Torbhee is the Irish appellation for landmen used to drink, the composi
a person who seizesby force, and with- tion of which I do not remember , but
out the intervention of law , what, so became common to these people who
whether really so or not, he alleges to drank it. These men took up arms
be his property . about the year 1681, being the insur
v. Daniel Defoe, in No 75 of Vol. rection at Bothwell Bridge. The Duke
VII. of his · Review of the British of Monmouth , then in favour here,
Nation ,' ( 1709) gives the following was sent against them by King Charles,
history of these terms: and defeated them . At his return , in .
« The word Tory is Irish,and was stead of thanks for his good service,
first made use ofin Ireland, in the he found himself ill treated for using
time of Elizabeth's wars there. It them mercifully . And Lauderdale
signified a kind of robbers, who being told Charles, with an oath , that the
listed in neither army, preyed in gen- Duke had been so civil to theWhigs,
eral upon their country, without dis- because he was a Whig himself in his
heart. This made it a court word, and
tinction of English orIrish . all the friends and fol
“ In the Irish massacre in 1641 , in a little while
you had them in great numbers, assiste lowers of the Duke began to be called
ant in every thing thatwas bloody and Whigs ; and they ,as the other party
villanous, and particularly when hu- did by the word Tory, took itSTRI
freely
manity prevailed upon some of the Pa- enough to themselves. LA .
pists to preserve Protestant relations ; Edinburgh, May 1817.
these were such as chose to butcher
brothers and sisters, fathers and mo TALES AND ANECDOTES OF THE
thers, and dearest friends and nearest PASTORAL LIFE .
relationa
s nd thesewere called Tories. No III.
“ In England, about the year 1680,
a party of men appeared among us, As soonas the marriage ceremony was
who, though pretended Protestants, over, all the company ok ands
yet applied themselves to the ruin and with the young couple, and wished
destruction of their country. They them every kind of joy and felicity.
quickly got the name of Tories.- Their The rusticity of their benisons amused
real godfather, who gave them the me, and there were several of them
name, was Titus Oates ; and the oc- that I have never to this day been able
casion, as follows: the author of this to comprehend. As for instance ,
happened to be present. There was a one wished them “ thumpin luck and
meeting of some people in the city, fat weans ;" another, “ a bien rannle
upon the occasion of the discovery of bauks, and tight thack and rape o'er
some attempt to stifle the evidence of their heads;" a third gave them “ &
the witnesses (about the popish plot ), routh aumrie and a close nieve ;" and
and tampering with Bedlow and Ste- the lasses wished them “ as mony
phen Dugdale. Among the discourse, hinny moons as the family had fingers
Mr Bedlow said , he had letters from an ' taes.” I took notes of these at the
Ireland, that there were some Tories time, and many more, and set them
to be brought over hither, who were down precisely as they were spoken ;
privately to murder Dr Oates and the all of them have doubtless meanings
said Bedlow. attached to them , but these are per
“ The doctor, whose zeal was very haps the least mystical.
hot, could never hear any man talk 1 expected now that we should go
after this against the plot, or against quietly to our dinner ; but instead of
the witnesses, but he thought he was that, they again rushed rapidly< away
one of these Tories, and calledalmost towards the green , crying out, Now
every man who opposed him in dis- for the broose! now for the broose !".
course a Tory ; till at last the word “ The people are unquestionably mad,"
Tory became popular, and they owned said I to one that stood beside me;
it, just as they do now the name high- “ are they really going to run their
flyer .' horses again among such ravines and
“ As to the word Whig, it is Scots. bogs as these ? they must be dissuaded
The use of it began there, when the from it.” The man informed me that
 248 Anecdotes of the Pastoral Life. [ June
the race was now to be on foot ; that committee was instantly formed apart,
there were always two races — the first where it was soon agreed , thatall the
on horseback for the bride's napkin, good runners there should , with one
and the second on foot for the bride- accord , start against this stranger; for
groom's spurs. I asked him how it that, “ if naebody ran but Tam the
came that they had thus altered the tailor, they wadbe a' shamed thegith
order of things in the appropriationof er, forTam wad never come within a
the prizes, for that the spurs would be stane -clod o' him ."- " Hout, ay
the fittest for the riders, as thenapkin that's something like yoursels, cal
would for the runners. He admitted lants, ” said old John ; " tryhim - he's
this, but could adduce no reason why but a saft feckless-like chiel ; I think
it was otherwise, save that " it was ye needna be sae feared for him . ”
the gude auld gate, and it would be a “ It is a' ye ken ,” said another ; "do
pity to alter it." He likewise inform . nae ye see that he's lingit like a grew
ed me, that it was customary for some and he'll rin like ane ;-they say he
to run on the bride's part,and some rins faster than a horse can gallop."
on the bridegroom's ; and that it was “ I'll try him on my Cameronian
looked on as a great honour to the whenever he likes,” said Aberlosk ;
country , orconnexions of either party , “ him that beats a Cameronian has
to bear the broose away from the other. but another to beat."
Accordingly , on our way to the race- In half a minute after this, seven
ground, the bridegroom was recruiting athletic youths were standing in a row
hard for runners on his part, and, by stripped, and panting for the race ;
the time we reached the starting-place, and I could note, bythe paleness of
had gained the consent of five. One their faces, how anxious they were a
now asked the best -man why he was bout the result - all save Aedie o' A
not recruiting in behalf of the bride. berlosk, on whom the whisky had made
“ Never mind,” said he; " do ye strip some impression , and who seemed on
an'mak ready - I'll find them on the ly intent on making fun. At the dis
bride's part that will do a' the turn ."
tance of 500 yards there was a man
It was instantly rumoured around, placed, whom they denominated the
that hehad brought one all the way stoop, andwho had his hat raised on
from Liddesdale to carry the prize a . the end of his staff, lest another might
way on the bride's part, and that he be mistaken for him. Around this
was the best runner onall the Border stoop they were to run , and return to
side. The runners, that were all so the starting- place, making in all a heat
brisk of late , were now struck dumb ; of only 1000 yards, which I was told
and I marked them going one by one, is the customary length of a race all
eyeing the stranger with a jealous cu- over that country. They took all hold
riosity, and measuring him with their of oneanother's hands — thebest-man
eyes from head to foot. - No, not one adjusted the line in which they stood,
of them would venture to take the and then gave the word as follows,
field against him ! " they war only with considerable pauses between :
jokin '-- they never intendit to rin- Once - twice— thrice,-and off they
they war just jaunderin wi' the bride flew like lightning, in themost beau
groom for fun .” — “ Come, fling aff tiful style I ever beheld. The ground
your claes, Hobby, an' let them see was rough and unequal, but there was
that ye're ready for them ," said the 'no restraint or management practised ;
best-man . The stranger obeyed - he every one setout on full speed from
was a tall, slender, and handsome the very first. The Borderer took the
youth, with brown hair, prominent lead , and had soon distanced them a
features, and a ruddy complexion.- considerable spacewall save Aberlosk,
“ Come, lads,” said the best man, who kept close at his side, straining
Hobby canna stand wanting his and twisting his face in a most tree
claes ; if nane of ye are ready to start mendous manner ; at length he got
with him in twa minutes, heshall rin rather before him ,but it wasan over
the course himsel, and then I think stretch - Aedie fell flat on his face,
the folk o' this country are shamed for nor did he offerto rise, but lay still
ever." - " No sae fast," said a little on the spot, puffing and swearinga
funny-looking fellow , who instantly gainst the champion of Liddesdale. .

began to strip off his stockings and Hobby cleared the stoop first by &
shoes ; " no sae fast, lad ; he may bout twenty yards ;-the rest turned
won , but he sanna won untried. ” Á in such a group that I could not dis
 1817.] Anecdotes ofthe Pastoral Life. 249

$
cern in what order, but they were all mours of applause, which he seemed
obliged to turn it to theright, or what fully to appreciate - the rest wereover
they called " sun-ways-about," on Hobby in a moment ; and if it had
pain of losing therace. The general. not been for the wayward freaks of
ity of the “ weddingers" were now Aberlosk, this redoubted champion
e quite silent, and looked very blank would fairly have won the mell.
when they saw this stranger still keep- The lad that Aedie overthrew , in
ing so far a -head. Aberlosk tried to themidstof his career,was very angry
make them all fall one by one, by with him on account of the outragen
creeping in beforethem as theypassed ; but Aedie caredfor no man's anger.
and at length laid hold of the hindmost “ The man's mad ,” said he; "wadye
by the foot, and brought him down. attempt to strive wi' the champion of
By this time two of the Borderer's Liddesdale ?-Hout,hout! haud your
acquaintances had run down the green tongue ; ye're muckle better as yeare.
to meet him , and encourage him on . I sall takthe half o' the mell wi' ye."
“ Weel done, Hobby !” they were On our return to the house , I was
shouting : “ Weel done, Hobby ! anxious to learn something of Aedie,
Liddesdale for ever !-Let them lick who seemed to be a very singular cha
at that !-Let the benty -necks crack racter. Upon applyingto afarmer of
now !-Weel done, Hobby !” — I really his acquaintance, I was told a number
felt as much interested about the issue, of curious and extravagant stories of
at this time, as it was possible for any him, one or two of which I shall in
of the adverse parties to be. The sert here, as I profess to be giving
enthusiasm seemed contagious; for anecdotes of the country life.
though I knew not one side from the He once quarrelled with another
other, yet was I running among the farmer on the highway, who, getting
rest, and shouting as they did. A sort into a furious rage, rode at Aedie to
of half-animatedmurmur now began knockhim down. Aedie, who was on
to spread , and gained ground every foot, fed with allhis might to the top
moment. A little gruff Cossack -look- of a large dunghillfor shelter, where,
ing peasant came running near with a getting hold of agraip (a three- pronged
peculiar wildness in his looks, and ac- fork used in agriculture), he attacked
costed one of the men that were cheer- his adversary with such an overflow
ing Hobby. “ Dinnabe just sae of dung, that his horse took fright,
loud an' ye like, Willie Beattie ; din- and in spite of all he could do, run
na mak nae mair din than just what's clear off with him , and left Aedie
needfu '. Will o' Bellendine! haud master of the field . The farmer, in
till him , sir, or it's day wi'us ! Hie, high wrath, sent him a challenge to
Will, if ever ye ran i' your life ! By fight with pistols, in a place called
Jehu, sir, ye're winning every third Selkith Hope, early in the morning.
step !-He has bimdead ! he has him This is an extremely wild , steep, and
dead ! The murmur, which had in- narrow glen . Aedie attended , but
creased like the rushing of many wa- kept high up on the hill; and when
ters, now terminated in afrantic shout. his enemy reached the narrowest part
Hobby had strained too hard at first, of the Hope, began the attack by roll
in order to turn the stoop before Aber. ing great stonesat him down from the
losk , who never intended turning it at mountain . Nothing could be more ap
all the other youth was indeed fast palling than thisthe farmer and his
gaining on him , and I saw his lips horse were both alike terrified , and, as
growing pale, and his knees plaiting Aedie expressed it ," he set thém baith
as if unable to bear his weight- his back the gate they cam , as their heads
breath was quite exhausted, and though had been a lowe.”
within twenty yards ofthe stoop, Will Another time, in that same Hope
began to shoulder by him . So anxious of Selkith, he met a stranger, whom
was Hobby now tokeep his ground, he mistook for another man called
that his body pressed onward faster Jamie Sword ; and because the man
than his feet could keep up with it, denied that he was Jamie Sword, Ae
and his face, in consequence,came de die fastened a quarrel on him, insiste
liberatelyagainst the earth - he coulding on him either being Jamie Sword,
not be said to fall, for he just run or giving some proofs to the contrary.
on till he could get no farther for It was very impudent in him ,he said,
something that stopped him . Will o ' to give any man the lie, when he could
Bellendine won the broosc amid cla- produce no evidence of his being
250 Anecdotes of the Inquisition. [ June
wrong. The man gave him his word ANECDOTES OF THE INQUISITION .
that he was not Jamie Sword . “O , [ The following Anecdotes areextracted from
but that's naething ,” said Aedie, " I a letter, dated July 29th , 1815, addressed
give you my word that you are, and I to us from Italy, by a friend who had
think my word's as good as yours ony resided in Spain during the preceding
day.” Finally, he told the man, that spring.)
if he would not acknowledge that he “ This season it had not
was wrong, and confess that he was rained in Catalonia for six months to
Jamie Sword, he would fight him .- gether. The country was burnt up
He did so, and got himself severely and parched like an African desert, and
thrashed . the peasants were crowding in nuiner
The following is a copy of a letter, ous groups to the churches, to suppli
written by Aedie to a great personage, cate themercyof Heaven . The prieste
dated Aberlosk , May 27th, 1806.* hood, with their usual craft and adroit .
ness, had observed the signs of the
“ To George the Third , London . times, and anticipating that the change
Dear S1B, - I went thirty miles on of the moonin April would probably
foot yesterday to pay yourtaxes, and, produce rain, announced that a pro
after all, the bodies would not take cession to the Virgin would take place
them , saying, that I was too late, and on the very dayof change. It did
that they must now be recovered , with take place: all Barcelona was in mo
expenses, by regular course of law. tion ." Ere nextmorning the rain fell
I thought if your Majesty was like in torrents — and , behold ! a miracle !
me, money would never come wrong Next day, while it continued to rain,
to you , although it were a few days too a Spanish officer was conversing with
late ; so I enclose you £27 in notes, a lady of his acquaintance ina public
and half-a-guinea, which is the amount coffee -house-- for here, as well as over
of what they charge me for last year, the Continent, the most respectable
and fourpence halfpenny over. You ladies frequent these places as publicly
must sendmea receipt when the coach as they do the theatre or opera : such is
comes back , else they will not believe the fashion )-the lady spoke of the
that I have paid you . miracle - of the blessed Virgin - of the
Direct to the care of Andrew Wil- sanctity of the priesthood, &c. with
son , butcher in Hawick. rapture. The officer, on the contrary,
I am , dear sir, your most humble though quite aware how dangerous it
servant, *** B **** was to controvert such opinions - smil
To the King. ed at her exclamations, and, confiding
in the honour and discreetness of his
P.S. - This way of taxing the far- friend , simply
said, “ Surely you do
mers will never do ; you will see the not believe it was the Virginthat sent
upshot ." the rain !” — The lady went to confes
It has been reported over all that sion - acknowledged that she had heard
country, that this letter reached its such a one speak disrespectfully of
destination, and that a receipt was re o the mother of God ” without reprov
turned in due course of post ;but the ing him - and , in a few hours after
truth is ( and for the joke's sake, it is wards, the officer was seized in the
a great pity it should have been so), public street, andlodged in theInqui
that the singularity of the address sition. We heard no more of him.
caused some friends to open the letter, Mr C an eminent Spanish
and return it, with the money , tothe merchant in Barcelona, informed me,
owner ; but not before they hadtaken that atone time having purchased an
a copy of it, from which theaboveis English Bible, some ofhis friends de
exactly transcribed. H. nounced him to the holy office for
( To be continued . ) having such a heretical book in his
possession . He was summoned before
them, and told, that he must either
In case our readers should imaginethat instantly deliver up the book to the
this curious epistle is a mere coinage of our
facetious correspondent, we are enabled, Holy Tribunal, or = " walk in .” - ir
from undoubted authority, to assurethem , C., aware of the consequences of such a
that both Aedie and his letter are faithful step , submitted to the other alternative,
transcripts from real and existing originals. but begged they would let him have a
EDITOR. Spanish Bible in its stead. He told
 1817. ] Sketches of Foreign Scenery and Manners. 251
them it had cost him five shillings, re« been so long denied , and on the mass
minding them at the same time, that of amusement and information which
they had only two editions of the Bible might be collected, if every one who
in Spanish , one of which costs fifteen was in any degree interested in his
pounds, and the other fifty pounds journey would furnish hisnotes ,how .
sterlingper copy. They replied,hemust ever circumscribed, on the different
submit unconditionally, or . He did towns and countries through which
so,gave themhis Bible,and walkedout.” he had passed . The greater propor
tion of our tourists areno doubt carea
SKETCHES OF FOREIGN SCENERY AND
less of what is going on around them ,
MANNERS .
and travel either for the sake of mak
ing the time bang less heavily on their
MR EDITOR , hands (on account of their having no
Inyour first Number I observed a thing else to do) or that they may talk
communication, being the first of an of having been in such places, and of
intended series of a similar nature, having seen certain sights, although
from a correspondent, who entitles the situations in whichthey have been
himself a View -Hunter.” I have placed, and the objects which they
often thought it a pity, that the rea may have beheld, are not in any wise
marks of tourists, whether descriptive interesting to them , except in as far
or meditative, and however rapidly as they form the fashionable topics of
sketched, should, during a period like conversation in those circles in which
the present, when the travelling mania they are anxious to shine. The obser
appears to rage so generally , and with vations of such men would be of little
such violence, beentirely lost to the value, and ifcommunicated to the pub
more sober part of the community, lic, would experience an existence as
who remain in peace at home, decent- ephemeral as the impression which a
ly prosecuting their several avocations, contemplation of the sublimest scenes
or, at furthest, be confined to the won in nature, or the most curious traits
dering earsofthe friends and relatives of character, made on the minds from
of the much -admired traveller. I am which they emanated.
aware, that many men have thought But I would fain hope, that there are
and written, that we are at present many thousands at this moment jour
completely overstocked with tours, neying through the land of strangers,
journals, sketches, travels, and recoló under different impressions, and with
lections,-and that the scribbling pro- other views--men who are careful to
pensity ofthe existing generation is suf. remark the singularities of nature and
ficient to deter the more highly gifted of art, and on whom the wonders of
of the sons of men from favouring the this green earth are not bestowed in
world with their lucubrations, through vain . Theremarks of suchmen , how
the fear of being associated, in succeed- ever devoid ofliterary excellence, could
ing times with the flippant ebullitions not fail of being in some degree in
of the present day. I have, however, teresting, as affording a view of the
long been of opinion, that the uncon- most characteristic traits in the scenery
nected observations of the passing tra- and manners of different countries,
veller may, sometimes accidentally, and would be amusing from the con
throw light on a subject which has trast which might be observed in the
remained in obscurity , notwithstand descriptions oftourists, and in the ob
ing the laboured investigations of the jects which excited attention, accord
professed tourist ; and the unaffected ing to the peculiar bias of the observer's
narrative of a journey, however un- mind, as well as in relation to the
skilled the author may be in the de- difference in theimpression , which the
lineation of character, or the descrip- same objects produced on the mind
tion of external scenery, may occasion- ofdifferent individuals.
ally present us with a picture ofnature, It is probable that most men are in
bearing a closer resemblance to the ori- thehabit of occasionally writing down
ginal than that which more accustomed such ideas as suggest themselves in
hands have been able to convey. the course of a tour, and particularly
These observations have been sug- during a first visit to a foreign coun.
gested , by reflecting on the vast con- try, when every thing is new , and
course of the natives of this country many things are strange. From the
who are now travelling on the con long period which has elapsed since the
tinent of Europe, to which access had Continent was open to the visits of
252 Sketches of Foreign Scenery and Manners. [ June
ourcountrymenforany length oftime, native country. Whatever additions,
it is believed that the generality of therefore, might now be made to my
those who are at present emigrating travelling memoranda, would be of a
from Britain , adventure for the first nature painful to myself, and not in
time to a foreign land, and conse- anywise gratifying to your readers.
quently, that their minds are in a I mention this circumstance, to ac
state of higher excitement — their im- count, in some degree, for the uncon
pressions stronger and their recole nected and desultory nature of the
lections more vivid - than will be following pages.
found to be the case in the same per
sons in after years. That much valu . SKETCHES , & C.
able information has been collected No I.
no one can doubt, from whatis already “ Pass wethe long , unvarying course, the
known and published ; andthat much track
more is sleeping in journals, soon to Oft trod, that never leaves a trace behind ;
be thrown aside and forgotten , may Pass wethe calm , the gale, the change, the
tack ,
easilythe
and be opportu
credited. Want of leisure, And each
of cultivat well known caprice of wave and
nity ing
thosestudies, whichenable an author Pass we the joys and sorrowssailorsfind,
to appear before the world with cre- Cooped in their winged sea-girt citadel;
dit to himself and pleasure to his The foul, the fair, the contrary, the kind,
readers, must frequently deter those As breezes rise and fall, and billows swell,
who are otherwise both able and wil . Till on some jocund morn ,-lo , land ! and
ling to addsomething to the stock of all is well.” BYRON .
general infomation , from attempting We are at last safe at Rotterdam ,
to benefit those who may afterwards after a long and boisterous passage. I
pursue a similar course. must confess I left Hamburgh with
Whoever contributes to the exten- regret, although my heart is not bound
sion of knowledge, or the diffusion of to it by manydear ties, and I have,
the means by which it is either com- moreover, the prospect ofvisiting coun
municated or acquired ,confers an ob- tries entirely new to me, some ofwhich
ligationon society, and deserves well Ihave long been anxious to see, and,
of mankind. I would therefore re- till, lately , withouta hope of my wish
commend, as a measure well worthy of being everaccomplished. When one
your attention, to collect the notes, or leaves a place where they have been
journals, of such of your friends and happy, a feeling of sorrow is experi
acquaintances, as have recently vi- enced similar to that at bidding fare
sited, or may be now visiting, the well to an old friend. There is a me
Continent; as it is probable, that in lancholy pleasure in retracing the hap
most of them , though written without py moments we have spent with each,
an idea of their ever being exposed to and a kind of foreboding that perhaps
the public eye, there may be found we may never meet again ; butshould
occasional sources of amusement and I live a hundred years, I shall never
information . forget the kindness of Mr M. and his
Having recently travelled, though interesting family.
somewhat too rapidly, through some Rotterdam is a pleasant and cheer
parts of the Continent, I feel inclined ful town ; at least, every one who is
to followup the example of the“ View- fortunate enough to enjoy fine wea
Hunter," by furnishing you with a ther, andwho lodges in the Boomjies,
few brief sketches of some of the must think so . The name last men
countries through which I passed. tioned, which is not sufficiently beau
They remain entirely in the form in tiful to require repetition, is that of
which they were drawn up at thetime, the main street, and a very fine one
and I have, at present, neither lei- it is. It consists of a single row of
sure nor inclination to revise them . handsome houses, many of them very
My leisureis interrupted by the ful- large and elegant, built by the side of
filment of higher duties, and my a broad navigablebranch of the river
inclination soinewhat damped, by re- Meuse, which is here affected by the
flecting on the death of a most ami- tide, and enlivened by the constant
able young man, with whom I tra, going up and coming down of num
velled in the capacity of tutor, and berless vessels from all countries, and
whose bad health was the mournful of every shape and size. Between the
cause of my quitting, for a time, my housesand the river side, there is a
 *1817.] Sketches of Foreign Scenery and Manners. 253

J
rowof old treesbordering the outere places verysmooth. There are nume
" edge of the causeway ; and beneath rous bridges over thecanals ; in some
these,during the fineevenings ofsum- quarters, however, there are none, and
*mer, there is an immense concourse there the communication is kept up
of people constantly assembled to en- by what are called doit-boats, which
joy the fresh breeze from the river, constantly ply from sunrise to sunset,
and admire the dexterity and skill of and convey the passengers across for
the helmsmen in directing their ves- the reasonable sum of one doit, or the
sels through the currents. This street eighth part of a penny . Every thing
may be about a mile in length, stretch- here islively and in motion , except the
ing throughout its whole extent along canals,which are sluggish , and in very
the side of the river ; it is also suffie hot weather must emit a disagreeable
ciently broad , and is always kept odour. It is on this account chiefly
clean . There is, however, no regular that Ishould prefer the street before
pavement or foot-way to walk upon in mentioned ,-as the constantly return
wet weather. The side of thestreet, ing tide, and natural current of the
nextto the houses,is paved with bricks, river, prevent any approach to stagna
which are smooth on their surface, tionin the waters of that neighbour
and neatly disposed , but on these hood.
it is in vain to walk, because the In this city, I believe, there are few
steps leading to the principal door of works of art,at least I was not so fortu
each house project towardsthe cause- nate as to discover any. It is the birth
way, andintersectthis side-path every place of Erasmus, inhonour of whose
ten ortwelve yards. The houses are memory the magistrates erected
remarkably clean, as well on the out- statue of brass, in an open part ofthe
side as in the interior. The public town. He is represented with a book
rooms are for the most part furnished in his hand, rather larger than life,
with mirrors, which project from the and clothed in a doctorial gown . No
base of the window , on the outside notice of this sort has been taken of
towardsthe street,--by meansof which, Bayle, the sceptic of Rotterdam , who
those who areseated near thewindows unfortunately had involved himself in
have a view of every thing which may some contentions with the church ;
be going on in that part of the street and from the acts of the consistory of
to which their back is turned. This, the Walloon congregation of Rotter
I believe, is customary throughoutHol- dam , prefixed to the Historical and
land and the Netherlands. Critical Dictionary, it would seem
Most of the other streets in Rotter- that Le Page, and some other of the
dam are double, that is, have a canal in Dutch Ecclesiastics, were apt to dese
the centre, with a row of houses and a pise the profane virtues of sincerity
causeway oneach side,-- and the cause- and moderation. I was informedthat
way is for the most part, on the side the public library contained the ori
next to the canal, bordered with fine ginal drawings,or rather sketches, by
trees, which addmuch to the appear- Rubens, of the Luxembourg gallery.
anceof the whole, and, particularly There are many churches in Rotter
during moonlight, produce a beautiful dam , some of them handsome,andfor
effect . The streetsare usually crowd all sects inreligion — Catholics, Presa
ed with porters, sailors, and men of byterians, Episcopalians , and Jews,
business, all in astate of activity. The Jews are very numerous. A Jew
I was amused by the appearance of ish girl and a young boy passed un
the horses, whoseshoes are terminated dermywindows every day, and sere
by three
rest, long points,
and which give theonappearanceof
naded was
which they voice for the an hour.
halfmost rellow The girls
and full
their being mounted upon pattens. toned I ever heard, and the boy's was
They are used in conveying the small- clear and sonorous . Among other
est barrel or parcel from one house to songs she sung the Tyrolese song of
another, and the clattering of their liberty, in a manner which I never
hoofs produces a singular noise. The heard before equalled . They avoided,
particular shape of the shoe is probably in some degree, the frequent repetition
intended to prevent their slipping on of the same notes and words , which
the streets, which , from the constant renders the English version rather
conveyance of goods upon sledges or monotonous, and infused into it a wild
carts without wheels, are in many spirit, and a pathos which would haye
VOL . I. 2 K
 254 Sketches ofForeig‘n Scenery and Manners. [ June
honoured even the echoesof the Tyrol. dress, I fearIshall be guilty ofmany
I understand that the music of the mistakes and inaccuracies, if I com
synagogue is very fine, though I un- mence with so difficult and unaccus
fortunately had not an opportunity of tomed an object. Nevertheless, with
hearing it. the full conviction that what I am now
With regard to the dress and gene- writing will never fall into the hands
ral appearance of the inhabitants, such of any Dutch lady, who, severe in
of thehigher classes as I haveseenare youthful and rotund beauty, might
very similar to theScotchand English. expose my ignorance to the world , I
The head -dress of theladies, however, shall briefly state my ideas on the sub
is usually more highly ornamented , ject. In the first place, then , I am of
and seems to partake in some measure opinion, that immediately upon the
of the French fashion . head there is a small hood or cap ,prob
During my short stay here, I took a ably made of linen and borderedwith
walk into the country , and was am- broad lace, which lies close upon the
ply repaid for my trouble by the a- forehead, and depends upon the back
musement which it afforded me. The of the neck, where it is fastened by
appearance of the middle and lower means of a small curl, or twist of the
ranks, particularly at some distance hair, and gold bodkins. The most
from any considerable town, is enter- characteristic feature of thishead -dress,
taining beyond all description. The however, consists of a broad -semicira
sight of any little girl of six or seven cular piece of gold , which embraces
years old, attired in her Sunday's cose the hinder part of the head , and ter
tume, is quite sufficient to excite one's minates in golden knobs or plate s, of
laughter for a month . She moves about the size of a halfpenny , at both
within the massy folds of some ap- temples. Near the ear ,this singular
parently antiquated gown,and beneath appendage is deflected for an inchor
the far-spreading brims ofa prodigious two, and at the extremity of this de
straw bonnet, with the grave deport- flexion there are usually suspended
ment of a woman of seventy years of large and richly worked ear-rings, of
age ; and with this appearance every gold, silver, mother -of- pearl, & c.vary
look and every gesture corresponds. ingin splendour and magnificence ac
During a short excursion in one of the cording to the wealth and importance
Dutch stage- coaches, many of which of the bearer. Such parts of the head
are furnished with three rows of seats as are not secured by this metallic cov
in the interior,I found myself seated ering, are adorned with patches of
behind a venerable old lady,who seem- black or coloured silks ; and overthe
ed so far declined into the vale of years, whole there is imposed a cap of lace
that she was obliged to hold the arm and cambric , beautifully intermingled ,
of an elderly domestic who sat beside through the interstices and open stitch
her. On arriving at our destination , ing ofwhich, the golden ornament and
I of course offered my arm to assist coloured substances which border it
her feeble and emaciated frame in de are distinctly visible. Sometimes, in
scending from the vehicle. My at- stead of the golden plates over each
tention was first excited by the infan- temple, there are black patches of a
tine beauty of the little hand which substance resembling leather, but of
was presented to me; and you may the nature of these I do not mean at
judge of my surprise ,when , on raising present to hazard a decided opinion.
my head, instead of the wrinkled vis- Besides what I have stated, there are,
age of a superannuated woman , I be- no doubt, many accessories of lesser
held the smiling countenance ofa rosy import, but what I have detailed are
the more
child ,with bright blueeyes and beau- racters .
prominent and striking cha.
tifulflaxen hair .
The head -dress certainly forms the In regard to the golden ornament
most singular part of a Dutch country- before mentioned, the vulgar proverb
woman's attire. This is, for the most must be kept in mind, that it is not
part, not inelegant, and is frequently all gold which glitters. That piece of
very rich and costly. It consists of dress, among the poorer people, is
different substances, and variously either gilt, or made of silver . The
shaped and modified, according to the wealthier classes, however, have itof
taste of the individual. Having never fine gold , sometimes richly carved
attempted the description of a female and ornamented with precious stones.
1817.) Sketches of Foreign Scenery and Manners. 255

When very handsome, it is handed so perceptible. Notwithstanding the

downfrom father to son during a long abundance of milk, they rarelygather
period of years, and islooked upon as any cream , at least not for daily use.
an heirloom in the family . It seems to be collected chiefly witha
I have been only once in church dur- view to the formation of super-excel
ing the time of service since my arri- ient cheese.
val in this country , and was much I was much delighted by the pic
edified by an excellent Dutch sermon . turesque groups of the peasant girls,
The church was handsome, and con- who assemble to milk the cattle in par
tained a magnificentorgan , the tone of ticular quarters of themeadows, called
which , I do not doubt, was very fine; milking-places, or melk - plaats. Such
but as each member of the congrega- scenes forcibly reminded me of the
tion sung a most vociferous and open- inimitable productions of Paul Potter,
mouthed accompaniment, my sense of and were well worthy the efforts of
hearing was completely deadened dur- that great master.
ing the performance, in so far as con- In the suburbs of Rotterdam there
cerned the perception ofmore delicate are a number of small gardens, in
sounds. Among other ornamentswhich most of which are erected wooden
surrounded the organ , there were a houses, of fanciful shapes and many
number of little angels playing the colours, not unlike the gayhabitations
fiddle, apparently in a very masterly of Chinese mandarins. In these houses
style. In the few churches which I the richer class of merchants, with
have seen , there are scarcely any pews, their wives and families, drink tea in
but each flag -stone of the floor is num- the summer evenings, particularly on
bered, and as there are abundance of the Sundays. The windows reach from
chairs, each person places one on his the roof to the floor, and are for the
own particular number. As soon as mostpart open , so that the passing
the first psalm ceases, and the sermon traveller has a clear view of the inte
has commenced, each man and boy rior of the building, and ofits inhabita
places his hat on his head , and sits at ants. Such parties as I have seen in
his ease, at least so it was in the church the evenings, appeared to be solely em
which I visited . ployed in drinking tea, a meal from
I did not observe any one smoking which they mustderive much pleas
in church , but in the streets and high- ure, if one may judge from the time
ways, all the men, and a few of the which they take to it. Even in the
women, have their pipes constantly in streets, there is generally a tea party
their mouths. Ihaveseen a little boy, visible in at least one window ofevery
about ten or twelve years of age, with house, and before many doors, in afine
a long black coat, silk breeches, his afternoon, there is a party seated on
hands in thepockets of the same, sil- the steps. This is more particularly
ver shoe-buckles, a tobacco -pipe in his the case in country towns ; the men,
mouth , and the whole crowned by a however, in all places, still retaining
huge three-cornered cocked hat, un- their long tobacco pipes in their
der which the youth moved with a mouths.
gravity ofdemeanour becoming his With regard to the mode of travel
great-grandfather. ling in Holland, I may next say a few
I believe the general appearance of words: Post carriages, I understand,
Holland is pretty similar throughout. may be everywhere obtained, but as
What I have seen has acheerful and in wet weather, particularly during
pleasing aspect, though, from thewant spring and autumn, many of the roads
of hills and vallies, it would probably are impassable,such a modeofpro
soon become uninteresting. The whole ceeding , independent of the greatin
country seems composed of meadows, crease of expense and trouble which it
intersected by canals, and subdivided occasions, is by no means adviseable.
by ditches and rows of trees. The In no country of the world , however,
rivers are slow and heavy in their mo- is there such easy andregularconvey
tions, and partake much of the nature ance by water as in this, on which ac
of the canals and ditches. The water count I would advise all tourists to
is bad ; but as good claret can be got travel exclusively by the canals.
for two shillings, and there is abund- Upon inquiry, I find, that in every
ance of excellent milk , this loss is not town there are a number of large boats
256 Gaelic Dictionary . [ June
or vessels,called treck -schuits ( trecka LETTER FROM THE LATEDR -MʻLAGAN
schuiten ), some of which start every TO THE PRESES OF THE GAELIC SO.
hour, and in all directions, and convey CIETY, EDINBURGH, RESPECTING
goods, parcels, and passengers, from THE COMPILATION OF A GAELIC
place to place. These vessels,ofwhich & DICTIONARY
I have now seen many in this town, [ Thefollowing letter has been handed to
may bedescribed as large open boats, us by Mr Campbell, editor of “ Albyn's
containing wooden cottages of about Anthology," in whose possession the oria
thirty feet long and six feet wide, with ginal has been for many years,and who has
flat roofs, on which the passengers also furnisheduswith theadditional infor.
may walk in fine weather. They are mation contained in the notes to the letter .
respecting thehistory
placed in ,and form a part of theboat Authentic intelligence
,andare dividedbya partition of Gaelic literaturewillalwaysbeacceptable
itself
intotwo parts. The interior division, ly fail to be interestingto manyofour
which is bymuch the largest, is called readers, who are looking forward with eager
the ruim . It contains the goods and anxiety tothepublication of the Gaelic Dice
tionary yow compiling undertheauspices of
baggage, and in it, as it is cheaper,the
greater number ofpassengers take their the Highland Society of Scotland. The aca
seats. The smaller apartment, which complishment of this desirable and often .
defeated object, willbe one of the many im.
is next thestern of the vessel, is called
the roef: It is neatly fitted up, with portant public services performed by that
a table in the centre , and cushions & highly respectable and patriotic body. We
round thesides, and in itthe quality regret thatour limits
give oneshort will only
extractfrom the permit us to
papersthey
are usually conveyed. It contains have printed, respecting the plan of thework
eight people, is furnished withone or and the progress that has been made in iti
two windows on each side, and in some This we subjoin , along with a memorandum
a draft-board is painted on the table. on Dr M.Lagan's letter, (Notes A , B ,) with
In the event of one or two personsen which we have been obligingly furnished by
gaging a gentleman who has the very best accessto
is only the wholetoseats
necessary payinone-half
the roef, it authentic
of the information in whatever relatesto
of Gaelic literature,
price. The ryim , I should suppose, theInhistory
case any of our southern readers should
may contain upwards ofthirty people. be inclined toregard this subject as oneof
These boats travel at the rate ofone triflingimportance, and ourattention to it
league per hour,or rather more ; and as a strong trait of nationality ,we shall take
the expense, including baggage, can- the liberty to quote the opinion expressed
not much exceed a penny a mile. They by Dr Samuel Johnson, when the scheme
are drawn by a horse, in the manner of translating the Scriptures into Gaelicwas
ofour own canal boats, but the rope strongly opposed by some individuals, from
is fastened to the top of a small move political considerationsofthe disadvantages
the
able mast,placed near thebow ofthe ofkeepingup the distinctions between
Highlanders and the other inhabitants of
vessel. The cottage-shaped building theisland . “ I amnot very willing that
before mentioned,does not extend the any language should betotally extinguished.
entire length of the treck - schuit, but the similitude and derivation of languages
both before and behind it there is an afford the most indubitable proof of the tra
open space, in the former of which is duction of nations and the genealogy of
placed a person who lowers the mast mankind. They add often physical cer
and unties the rope on passing other tainty tohistorical evidence ; andoftensup
vessels, or under bridges ; and the lata ply the onlyevidence of ancientmigrations,
ter is appropriated to the helmsman, and of the revolutions
writtenmonum of ages which left no
ents behind them .” * ]
and such of the passengers as may pre
fer it to the roef or cabin. Belfast, Feb. 27th 1771 .
Although the feelings of a merchant DEAR SIR,
may no doubt be both acute and de Your letter of 25th ultimo I was
city , lately honoured with. I am sorry that
in this most merca not much
lightupon
yet, ful the whole, there isntile
to excite the attention , or to gratifythe myknowledge of the Gaelic language
does not by any means come up tothe
curiosity ofa lounger.
If the weather is fine, I shall there , notions you seem to entertain of it,
fore start for Leyden to -morrow .
X. Y. z. * See Letter to Mr W. Drummond , dated
( To be continued .) 1766 ; Boswell's Life, vol. ä . p . 142.
1817. ] Gaelic Dictionary . 257
any more than to my own wishes ; and may have led meinto indiscretion al
one reason for my rejoicing at your ready, in telling some of your society
laudable and useful undertaking, of my mind upon the subject, when it
compiling a dictionary and grammar was neither asked nor necessary, per
of our mother tongue, was, that it haps ; but this you must attribute to
would add to my knowledge of it. I my love to the subject, and my desire
am happy to see in the Messrs Mac- to inflame their zeal. To this too you,
phersonsand you , men who are not must ascribe, what I am now to beg of
ashamed to own their native country you , namely, that you would make
or language, like the most of us, who, plan as extensive as possible, and
assoon aswe know any thing of any prosecute it with the utmost vigour,
in some
other language or people, endeavour to while the nation seems to be of
recommend ourselves to them by de humour for relishing things this
nying the knowledge of, or running nature, as well as you are to undertake
down, our own ; because, forsooth, it ; for if any person or consideration
some of these strangers are modest and whatever induce you to drop it now,
good -natured enough to do it, when, as M‘Colm * did, it is a thousand to one
at the same time, their ignorance in if it is resumed before it is too late, if
these matters renders it impossible, in at all. I wish too you could get some
the nature of things, that theyshould persons of rank and influence to paa
be capable of judging. I often blushed, tronize the undertaking, that you may
when I considered ,that none of our be enabled to procure all the books
learned , two or three excepted, ever upon the subject, and more especially
had the public spirit to collect the to send some of your best hands to
roots of our language into a dictionary , every corner of Scotland where that
or polish it, any more than our great language is spoke, and to the Isle of
men to patronise them ; when not Man, the language of which is a
only Ireland and Wales, but even dialect of the Scots Galic, with very
Cornwall, Bas - Breton ,and Biscay, had little mixture, beyond controversy, and
several dictionaries of their dialects. nearest allied to that spokeon the con
Now , however, I hope to see some- fines of the Lowlands ; which you may
thing done to our dialect of the first see demonstrated by a book, entitled,
language of south and west Europe, “ The Principles and Duties of Chris
likewhat M. Bullet has done to the tianity," published by the late bishop
foreign dialects of it, and that future of Sodorand Man, Manks and Eng ,
historians and antiquaries will reap lish ; only they have not followed our
from that original language and its orthography, I suppose, because they
descriptive names, &c. as well as phi- did not know the languages to be al
lologists from what other languages most the same, and they pronounce
now spoke, as well as the Latin , have differently. Books throw light upon
borrowed from it, a light, pleasure, the living language, and vice versa ,
and advantage, they have as yet no But what is already in books, particu
notion of, if they choose it. If this is larly in dictionaries, is not so abso
not donesoon, our language will be, lutely necessary , or so much yourpe
come as great a mystery as the religion culiar province,as the first undertakers
of the Druids, particularly the names of this kind in Scotland, as what never
of places and other things, of which was ; and that is a very great part of
they were descriptions as well as the Scots dialect or the Galic ; though,
names . at the same time, the performance
But you have not writ for an enco- should be complete, by collecting the
mium upon the language, but for mac whole, though common to us, with
terials ; and I am sorry that my ab , others, and published by them , But
sence from the country where it is should the world still retain so much
spoke puts it out of mypower to beof prejudice that you can't have such pa,
much service to you in that way. Did trons, I intreat you to persist still
I indeed reside in it, my zeal would
probably prompt me to catch as much * Mr Malcolm , minister of Dudding
as I could ; but in my present situa . ston , near Edinburgh. He published a
tion , I am aslike to lose of what I small glossary of the Scoto-Gaelic, and
have, as to add any thing to my know, made a strenuous attempt to prove that the
ledge of it. Latin language is chiefly derived from the
I'make no doubt but my keenness Erse. See Reliquiæ Galeaneæ, p. 240, & c.
258 Gaelic Dictionary . June
for I make not the least doubt but the tion Clan -Ranald's estate ; * but to you ,
thing will take in general. I beg also all that is real Galic must be good.
(and I think myself sure you will Whether the clergy are all in the use
grant my request, and that is ), that of writing the language, or will choose
you willnot reject any wordthat is of to undertake any thing, you must try :
Celtic origin, however bad the dialect some, I dare say, will, when properly
of the place wherein it is used ; for it applied to ; and they may be met with
may be ofvast use, as being the branch at assemblies in Edinburgh from all
of a root, or the root of a branch, still parts. I havespokeof it to some of
retained in other dialects of the Celtic, them . The abilities of Messrs M‘Nicol
though lostbyus, and throwing light, and Mr Archibald M'Arthur, many of
when the whole is compared, the one you know as well as I. On my last
word or dialect upon the other. When journey and voyage, I saw the mini
you compile your English -Galic dic- sters of Campbelton ,Mr Neil MʻLeod,
tionary, you may use what you reckon Mull, three Mr M'Aulay's, brothers,
best first ; but the Galic-English dic- the eldest at Inverary, and the next
tionary, should contain every Celtic in Ardnamorchan , all good hands
word that is or ever was used in Scot- also Mr Donald M'Queen in Trotter
land, that can be procured, and even nish, Sky, Mr Charles Stewart, (awri
any wordsof otherCeltic dialects you ter ), near Fort William , and heard of
can meet with, if forgot bytheirbest M'Intyre of Gleno, t all three excellent
glossographers ; only let them have hands, as Mr Wodrow in Isla, I sup
the mark of their extraction, or the pose, would also be. I forgot also to
author from whomthey are taken , as mention MrMartin M'Pherson, Slate,s
indeed they should have it in the dif- who, with his own knowledge, may,
ferent shires of Scotland. have some of his father's lucubrations
As to the best helps I know in print, that have not been published.
I have last year sent a catalogue of All the ministers in the Long Island
them to Mr M‘Nicol in Lismore* ( who have a fine opportunity, if they choose
first told me of your design), in order to apply. Theonly one I know in
to be sent to you. The greatest part Lewis is Mr Wilson, who learned it
of them I took from Bullet's Celtic grammatically, and is very obliging,
dictionary,which, if you have it, will as indeed I found also Mr Angus
save youthe trouble of looking for Beaton in Harris, Mr Allan M'Queen,
many of the rest. I have addedseve- North Uist, in whose neighbourhood
ral books he does not mention, but is Mr Neil M'Aulay, master of the
have omitted the book already men . Schola Illustris, thepoet M'Codrum .||
tioned here, and Mr Robert Kirk'st and a brother of his own writes it
version of the psalm's. If Mr M‘Nicol
refuse to send you it, you shall have Clanranald's estate comprehends a con
another copy , if necessary . siderable extent of the Mainland on the
With respect to correspondents, it north-west partof Argyleshire, besides a
is absolutely necessary to have them large portionofthat chain of isles called the
wherever the language is spoke, as no Long Island, Isle of Canna , & c. This
small number of men can know the widelyextended property is said to contain
whole of it ; and to this space the a population of between 11,000 and 12,000
circle ofmy acquaintanceis verysmall. souls,most of whom
+ Gleno, the
are Papists.
latehim
chief of the clan Mac
re
Were I to tell youwhe thebest Intyre,left behind a curiouscollecti on
alic is spoke, I would perhaps men- of Gaelic poems, which , it is believed, is
still extant
This gentleman died a few years ago. # Mr Wodrow published , in 1769, some
He rendered himself at one time conspicu- translations in English verse, of poems from
ous by a severe and somewhat rash attack M‘Pherson's Ossian .
uponthe great English lexicographer. § Son of the well-known author of the
+ He was minister of Aberfoyle, and was Dissertation on Gaelic Antiquities.
a man of very considerable learning. He ll The poet M'Codrum was somewhat
prepared for thepress the Irish -Gaelic Bible advanced in life before he discovered his
known by the name of “ Bishop Redel's poetic vein. In the report of the committee
Bible,” which was printed in what is called of the Highland Ossian's
the Irish character . A curioustract of authenticity of Society ofpoems,
ScotlandAppend.
( on the
Kirk's, on the superstitions of the Gael, has p. 96.) isrecorded asarcastic reply of histo
been lately printed from his MS. in the James M.Pherson, the celebrated translator
Advocate's Library . of Ossian .
1817. ] Gaelic Dictionary . 259
pretty well. MrAngus M'Neil, South and of different degrees of merit ; but
Uist , is a genteel man , and the lan- as the expense of time and postage
guage around him fine : his father would be great, as I am now situated ,
too , MrM‘Neil ofWatersay, in Barra, you can procure them more easily by
knows more of the language, antiqui- meansof some of yourown members,
ties, manners, and customs, of that and others at home. However, if you
country, than any man I know ; being
a very old man, of great reading and
mention any particular
and notthey, onessend
have, I shall themI,,
which
sense, and endowed with a very reten , with whatever else is in my power ;
tive memory. He has also manyfrag- only let me hear now and then what
famous family of Mac-
ments of thepoems
Mhuirich's you would have me do; and if you
, who were here
* would let me know a little of your
ditary poets to the family of Clan- success in your laudable undertaking,
Ranald for many generations, were it would be a spur ,ifat any time my
regularly sent to Ireland for their edu- zeal should flag. Withmy whole soul
cation, and ofconsequence wrote poems I wish you life and health to see your
in that dialect ; insomuch, that had design executed , and to enjoy the
not the authors been known, and their satisfaction and advantages of it. And
names to the pieces , both Scots and am in sincerity, Dr. Sir, your most
Irish would have sworn them to be obedient Servant,
really Irishmen ; and whether this is JAMES M‘LAGAN ,
not really the case with other compom To John M‘Naughton, Esq.
sitions, I shan't say. Mr MʻAuley , Preses of the Gaelic Society, Edin.
minister of Barra , you may see at next
assembly , and offer him my compli- Note A.In reference to the late Dr
ments . M.Lagan's letter, it may be mentioned ,
Theperson who told you that I had that thecompilation of a Gaelic dictionary
a Marine Vocabulary, forgot ; for I gentlemen
and grammar,whichwas bysome
projected
at Edinburgh, who, it would
only told him , I begged some of my seem , had formed themselves into a society
acquaintances to getme such a thing, for these and relativeobjects, doesnotap
as being most wanted of all ; wherein pear to have been prosecuted at the time;
if I succeed, you shall have a copy: from what cause it was dropped is not
The few things I collected you shall known, -probably from want" of funds,
have in another letter ; butthey are The design was not, however, relinquished.
little to what you must havefrom that Some timeafterwards a considerable num
part of the world ,and must be strictly berof theclergy of Highland parishes, and
examined before inserted . I have got some other gentlemen conversant in the
a variety songst different places, Gaelic language, resolved upon the publi
of in cation of a proper dictionary. For this pur
pose each of them had one, two, or more
* Mr Campbell, whencollecting materials letters of the alphabet assigned to him ,the
for his interesting work, entitled , “ Al. words under which he was to contribute.
Their several contributions were to be after.
byn's Anthology, ” in Autumn 1815, was wards revised , corrected , and enlarged , by
informed by different persons, that all these a committee of their number, previous to
“ fragments,” & c. were left in the posses
sion of Clanranald, grandfather ofthepre- publication... Amongthose
sent chieftain . It is not known what has cerned in the undertaking ,principally
, con
were the Rev.
now become of them . Dr Stewart of Luss ; the late Dr Smith of
+ DrM'Laganwas himself both a poeti- Campbelton ; the said Dr M‘Lagan , then
cal and musical composer, and is supposed minister of Blair-Athol ; Dr Stewart of
to have left behind him many valuable and Strachur; the Rev.Mr M‘Nicol, Lismore ;
curious materials, together with the va Mr Campbell, Kilfinichan ; Mr M‘Queen ,
riety of songs" above-mentioned. These, andMr MʻIntyre of Glenoe, & c. Several
it is hoped,arestillextant, in thepossession of thecontributors to the work made con.
of his family ;and his son,the Rev. James siderable progress in the parts assigned to
M •Lagan , is well qualified to estimate their them ; butfrom want of funds,the death
value, andto makeuseof them to thebest ofsome ofthose concerned, or othercauses,
desirable object in view wasnot attained.
advantage. MrCampbell has , in his pos theWhen
session one original melody, with appro the Highland Society of Scotland
priate verses, composed by Dr M.Lagan in came to the resolution to have a dictionary
honour of the exploits of the gallant 428 of theGaelic language upon a comprehen
regiment in Egypt, which will appear in
the second volume of bis Anthology, now the 42d , then commonly called the Black
printing. At the time he wrotethisletter Watch. He wassuccessor in this office to
from Belfast, Dr MʻLagan was chaplain to the celebrated Dr Adam Ferguson .
1
260 Letter of Dr Vincent respecting the late Dr Adam . [ June
sive and approvedplan, compiled and pub- dialect. The leading signification, and the
lished, among other aids, it directed its various derivative and secondary meanings,
attention to the MSS. containing the mate of eachGaelic word, will be given , not only
rials prepared by the contributors to the in English , but also in Latin, in the view
dictionary formerly in view ; but from va . of giving more general interest and utility
tious causes, the Society was successful only to the work in foreign countries. The etya
in some instances. mology of words, asfar ascan be distinctly
基 Referring to the two printed statements traced , is to be briefly indicated , and cor
published by the Society, respecting the responding words of the sameorigin in other
dictionary now compiling, it will be ob- languages, to which the Gaelic has an affi .
served , that, besides the Scoto -Celtic, it is nity, are to be given . It is proposed to
to embrace much of the Irish dialect of that prefix to the dictionary a dissertation on the
language. Rendering the signification of origin , antiquity, relations, and internal
the Gaelic vocables in Latin must add structure of the Celtic dialects, with an epi
greatly to the general utility and interest of tome of Gaelic grammar . "
the work .
The principal publications in the Gaelic
language , since the date of Dr M‘Lagan's LETTER OF DR VINCENT, THE LATE
letter, it is believed , are , the translation of DEAN OF WESTMINSTER .

the Sacred Scriptures into that language, [ A correspondent, to whom the subsea
chiefly by Dr Stewart of Luss; the poems quent letterwas addressed, has sent it to
ascribed to Ossian , from the Gaelic MS. of us. “ The writer , " he observes, " was not
them found in the repositories of the well- more eminent for his great learning and
known Mr James M.Pherson ; and two conspicuous station in society, than for the
editions of a Gaelic grammar, by the Rev. genuine kindnessof his nature, and the up
Mr Stewart of Dingwall. Some school. rightsimplicity of his whole conduct His
books, catechisms, poems, & c. have also works, illustrative of ancient navigation and
been publishedin the interval. commerce, are of a degree and kind of eru
June 30 , 1817. C. G. dition of which the lettered labours of
modern Englishmen have produced few
Note B.- " The Highland Society of Scot, examples. He was pious from principle,
land, impressed with the importance of and attached to the church, of which he was
having a dictionary of this ancient and ex . a dignified member, because he firmly be
pressive language, upon such a comprehen- lieved itsformstobe rational and its tenets
sive only
not plan asshouldexplainandillustrate
to their own countrymen but it
to, scriptural. He was manyyears atthe head
of Westminster school. That school has ,
the general scholar and antiquary, after since the days of Busby, annually sent forth
having obtained possession of the most an . its shoots to expand in all the walks of ta .
cient MSS. of various dialects of the Celtic, lent, valour, and high rank. Of Dr Vin.
and other materials for the work , appointed, cent it may be well said ,in the words which
in 1814, a committee of its members, con- Mr Horner used when drawing an outline
versant with the subject, with authority to of the character of his late master, Dr
take immediate and effectual measures for Adam , · The men who were educated in
the compilation and publication of such that school, during his time, will long re
dictionary . member how he inspired his boys with an
The committee availed itself of the opi- attachment both tohimself and to the pur.
nions of some of the most eminent Gaelic suits in which he instructed them , and will
scholars in thiscountry ,in fixingthe plan alwaysregard hismemory with affection and
of the work, and afterwards intrusteditsexe gratitude . In this letteryour readers will
cution to two gentlemen whom they have notfailto remark that tone of good sense
every reason to believe are well qualified for and rightfeeling, which , more than spright
the task . liness of manner or variety of remark , dis
As the plan of the work , formerly circu. tinguishes the epistolary effusions of our
lated by the committee, appears to have countrymen." )
given fúll satisfaction, it maybe mentioned,
in reference to that plan , that it embraces DEAR SIR ,
all the words of the Gaelic or Scoto -Celtic The correspondence between Dr
language that can be collected, either from Adam andmyself commenced by my
dialect compositions,
vernacularliterary
authentic orfrom the addressing him upon finding that boys,
of the presentinhabitants
ofthe Highlands of Scotland ; a principal sent from the High School to West
object being to shew what the language has minster, were qualified, by their at
been, as well as what it now is. From the tainment in Latin , to a high rank,
intimate connection of the Irish dialect of
the Celtic with that of Scotland, and from * An Irish -English Dictionary, by Ed
the consideration that many of the ancient ward O'Reilly, V. P. of the Gaelic Society
MSS. are written in the former, the diction of Dublin , was announced in the notices at
ary will also embrace much of the Irish the beginning of our last Number. EDIT.
1817.) Observations on Mr Wordsworth's Letter. 261
but, from their want of Greek , were sold of my second edition : But I am
of necessity placed in our lower classes. contentedwith the approbation of some
He replied much at large on this sub- of the most excellent judges of theage ,
ject ; but his conclusion was, “ Greek and the reception it has met with in
in Scotland is the business of the Uni- India and abroad . I sent a copy of
versity , and that is the reason we my second edition to the Advocate's
have so little Greek in our country .” Library ; and I will thank you if you
I afterwards learnt that he had had a will inquire whether a copy ofmy trans
contest with Dr Robertson on this lation of the two Greek Tracts reached
question ,andhad latterly taughtGreek that collection last year. It is the
in the High School. I think it pro- completion of the work :-if it arrived
bable that his letter may bepreserved, I need not trouble you to write again,
and when I go to London I will look –if otherwise, upon hearing from
for it. you , I will send it.
I never saw Dr Adam but once , When I can look into my papers, if I
when he spent a day with me at Hen- find any thing of Dr Adam's worthy
ly, which passed, Ibelieve, with mu. of communicating, I will convey it to
tual happiness to both parties ; but I you. I respect him as one of the most.
know allhis extreme attention to his indefatigable instructors, and one that
profession, and his excellent method loved his profession, I never loved it,
of teaching. His publications were though I hope I did my duty . There
not merely useful,but the best of their is a pleasure in teaching and seeing
kind. The Antiquities and Latin Dic. the progress of theattentive ;-but the
tionary were formed upon an excellent inattention ofthe many, and the anxiea
model, and the former, particularly by ty of the charge, is a sad counter
giving the Latin phrases for thecir- balance the pleasure. I am now ,
cumstance explained, was one of the thank God ! in retirement, ease , and
best school-books published in my affluence. I am at anchor (sas Paley
time. His Geography was correct, in expresses it), after the storm and fa
respect to which I claim some merit, tigues of life ; and with an affectionate
as I recommended the engraving of family around me, feel all the blessa
D'Anville's maps to accompany it, ings that the age of seventy -one is
which completed the work, and í be capable of enjoying. These ,I trust
lieve promoted the sale. and hope, will never fail till they are
Theremainder ofourcorrespondence replaced with better prospects. Be
related chiefly to Dr Doig of Stirling, lieve me, dear sir, your most obedient
who was a very excellentGreek scho- and faithful servant,
lar, and whose article of Philology, W. VINCENT
in the Encyclopædia, will do him Islip, September 24, 1810.
lasting honour. I had, through Dr
Adam , much intercourse with him , P.S. I shall be in town in October,
and much satisfaction from it. He and will be happy to receive your work ,
was rather systematical, but highly which you maysendup ,by means of
informed, and exceedingly acute. Ballantyne, to Cadell & Davies.
The last letter I received from Dr Mr H n
Adam related to my work on the Com- 22 Prince's Street,
merce of the Ancients. He was mani. Edinborough.
festly not satisfied with it, and reprove
ed me kindly fornot making it amore
popular work ; -- but to have done this OBSERVATIONS ON MR WORDSWORTH's
LETTER RELATIVE TO A NEW EDI
I must have formed a plan totally dif TION OF BURNS' WORKS .
ferent, and I should have been thought
to have encroached on Dr Robertson's By a Friend of Robert Burns.
Disquisitions. If ithasdoneme credit [ The following communication, for the
in the north , credit is all that I critical department of our_Magazine, was
wanted , and I have been gratified transmitted to usfrom England, by a
gentleman
more byits estimation in your country, We of distinguished literary talents.
had notthenreadMrWordsworth's
and on the Continent, than by its re “ Letter," but a consequent perusal of it has
ception at home. The French trane induced us to insert the Observations here,
slator published two large editions as they partake more of the character of an
at once, in quarto and octavo, while original essay than of a review. Wewish
in London only 150 copies have been our Magazine to be open to liberal discus.
Vol . I. 2 L
262 Observations on Mr Wordsworth's Letter. [ June
sion ; and if there seems to be too much But, in the first place, we conceive
acrimony in some ofour correspondent's re- that Mr Wordsworth has made a slight
marks,wefear that the poet has set him the mistake, in saying that Gilbert Burns
example. The letter is before the public, has done him the honour of requesting
and the public will judge between the par. his advice. This does not appear to
ties. ) have been the case ; the request was
It has been generally understood , made by Mr Gray, and not by Mr
that a new edition of Burns' Works Burns, who, we have good reason to
is preparing for publication by Cadell know , was scarcely aware of Mr
& Davies, and that Mr Gilbert Burns Wordsworth's existence, had never
is to furnish a Life of his illustrious read a single line of his poetry,-and
brother. The more editions of the had formed no idea , good , bad, or in
immortal Scottish bard the better ; different, ofhis character .
and we have no doubt that Gilbert In the second place, it appears that
Burns, a man of feeling and intelli- this “ Letter " was originally a private
gence,will do himself honour by his communication to Mr Gray,-and itis
share in the publication. There is a pity that it did not remain so ; for
something verytouching and affecting we think that there is great indeli
in the idea of brother performing this cacy, vanity, and presumption in thus
sacred duty to brother,-- the grave, coming forward with printed and pub ,
the sedate, and the reflecting mind, lished advice, to a man who most as
describing the life and character of suredly stands in no need of it, but
the more highly- gifted , but also the who is infinitely better acquainted
more erring and unfortunate . with all the bearings of the subject
It wouldappear, that Gilbert Burns than his officious and egotistical ade
had communicated to Mr James Gray, viser.
of the High School of Edinburgh, a In thethird place, Mr Wordsworth
man, we understand, of ability and says, “ do not give publicity to any
virtue, his intention of writing his portion of these (his opinions ), unless
brother's life, and that he had requests it be thought probable that an open
ed the aid and advice, which that gen- circulationof the whole may be use
tleman is in many respects so well qua- ful ;" and to this very pompous in
lified to bestow . A pamphlet soon af. junction he adds in a note, " that it
ter appeared , we presume in conse- was deemed that it would be so , and
quence of this request, containing the Letter is published accordingly.”
Observations, by Mr Peterkin , on We wish to ask Mr Wordsworth , Who
the Criticisms in the Quarterly and deemed it would be so ? Did Gilbert
Edinburgh Reviews upon Burns' life Burns so deem ? Did Mr Gray so
and genius, and a letter from Mr deem ? Or was it only Mr Words
Gray to the said Mr Peterkin , com- worth himself who did so deem ? We
municating what heknew of Burns' believe that the latter gentleman alone
habits and mode of life ; and, if recommended its publication.
we distinctly understand the pamph- In the fourth place, it is natural to
let, the result of the inquiry seems ask , what peculiarly fits Mr Words
to be, that, in the opinion of these worth to give advice on the subject ?
gentlemen , the character of our great He has never lived in Scotland ,-he
poet has been ignorantly, wantonly, knows nothing about Burns,-- he very
and grossly traduced, -that he was imperfectly understands the language
not addicted to dissipation ,-- that he in which Burns writes, - he has not
was a most exemplary family-man , - even read those publications which are
and that all stories to the contrary are supposed to be unjust tohis memory ;
exaggerations,
hoods.
fabrications, and false- yet, in the midst of all this portentous
ignorance,-and in theface ofthese ma
This pamphlet, it appears, Mr Gray nifest disqualifications, he hastheef
transmitted to Mr Wordsworth, re- frontery tooffer advice to Gilbert Burns,
questing the opinion of that celebrated one of the most intelligent and strong
person on the best mode of composing minded men alive, on a subject nearest
the biographical memoir. Mr Words- and dearest to his heart, which he has
worth writes to Mr Gray a very long doubtless contemplated in every pos
and laboured Letter on the subject, sible light, and of which he must
and of that Letter we shall give our know many deeply interesting parti
readers some little account. culars, unthought of by the world .
1817.) Observations on Mr Wordsworth's Letter. 263

In the fifth place, if Mr Words- no better model as to proportion ,

worth really feels all that anxiety for and the degree of detail required, nor
the reputation of Burns whichthis indeed as to the generalexecution ,
Letter might lead us tosuppose, and if than the Life of Milton by Fenton ."
he thinksDr Currie's Life of the Poet These three passages arethe most im
most injurious to his memory , what portant that we could discover ; and
couldhave kept him silent for twenty we hope that Mr Gilbert Burns' gra
years ? Why not come forward boldly titude willbe in proportion tothe value
and unasked , unsupported either by of the advice . The pompous inanity of
Mr Gray or Mr Peterkin, to vindicate all this is unaccountable, and affords
the slandered reputation of a man of a melancholy proof how vanity, self
genius ? We shall have occasion , by- conceit, arrogance, and presumption,
and-bye, to shew , that his present zeal finally undermine the intellect, and
is of a mixed character, and not alto- can reduce a tolerably strong under
gether free from that egotism forstanding to the very lowest level.
which this gentleman is so disagree. The other advices which he gives
ably distinguished. form a complete system of mystifica
Having made these preliminary re- tion . He tells Mr Gilbert Burns to
marks, and cleared our way a little, speak the truth ,and that boldly,
we now come to the “ Letter,” which buthe is not to speak all the truth ,
contains some general advices to Gil- yet he is not told what to conceal
bert Burns,-- some peculiar notions on then he is to consult his conscience;
the subject of biography in general, -then he is to beware of undue par
some severe charges against Dr Currie, tiality ;-and , finally , « to fix the
- sort of critique on the poetical point to which Burns' moral charac
genius of Burns,-a philippicagainst ter had been degraded !" - And here
the Edinburgh Review,-- and a pane- we may remark, that Mr Gilbert
gyric on the author of the excursion . Burns had better inform the public
First, his advice to Gilbert Burns. what degree of truth there is in the
The utter dullness, triteness, and abe following stanza of Mr Wordsworth,
surdity, of this part of the Letter, are while that gentleman himself will be
almost beyond credibility.- " I strenu- pleased to shew its consistency with the
ously recommend, that a concise life abuse hethrows on Dr Currie, for un
of the poet be prefixed from the pen disguisedly admitting that Burns was
of Gilbert Burns, who has already too much addicted tothe use ofspirits.
given public proof how well qualified In an address to the Sons of Burns,
he is for the undertaking.” This is Mr Wordsworth thus speaks of their
really humorous. What was Mr deceased father :
Wordsworth dreaming about? All this “ Strong-bodied, ifye be to bear
was fixed long ago;-there was no need Intemperance with less harm , beware !
of any recommendation from him . But if your father's wit ye share,
What would he think of the under- Then , then , indeed !
standing of a correspondent who should Ye Sons of Burns, of watchful care
There will be need ."
recommend him to go on with his
Poem , the Recluse, and who at the Mr Wordsworth himself has here
same time gave him advice hour to said , in miserable doggrel, what Dr
write it.— * If it be deemed advise- Currie has said in elegant prose.
able to reprint Dr Currie's narrative, The second part of the Letter con
without striking out such passages as tains Mr Wordsworth's notions on bi.
theauthor, if he were now alive,would ography, and these we think, if modi.
probably be happy to efface, let there fied and qualified, tolerably rational
be notes attached to the most ob- and judicious, though delivered with
noxious of them , in which the misre- a most laughable solemnity and true
presentations may be corrected, and Wordsworthian self- importance. He
the exaggerations exposed .” - What wishes to say, that biographers have
novelty, ingenuity, and profundity of no right to lay before the world the
thought! We entreat Mr Gilbert habits, customs, and private characters,
Burns to pay particular attention to of literarymen ; and that such infor
this advice ; for it may probably not mation makes no part of their duty.
have occurred to him that he must He thus oracularly speaks :
not aid and abet the calumniators “ Such philosophy runs a risk of becom .
of his brother's memory. " I know ing extinct among us, if the coarse intru
264 Observations on Mr Wordsworth's Letter. [ June
sions into the recesses ,the gross breaches formation concerning their source or
upon the sanctities, of domestic life, to
cause . This error of the biographer ,
which we have lately been more and more he says, gave him “ acute sorrow ,
accustomed, are to be regarded as indica- excited • strong indignation ,” “
moved
tions of a vigorous stateofpublic feeling himbeyondwhatit wouldbeco“me
favourable to the maintenance of the liber . him
ties of our country. Intelligent lovers of to express.” Now , Mr Wordsworth
freedomare,from necessity,boldand hardy might have spared himselfall thisun
lovers of truth ; but, according to the mea necessary emotion ; for the truth is,
surein which their love is intelligent, is it that no man can, with his eyes open,
attended with a finer discrimination , and a read Dr Currie's Life of Burns, and
more sensitive delicacy ? The wise and good the multitude of letters from and to
( and all others, being lovers oflicense rather thepoet which his edition contains,
than of liberty, arein fact slaves) respect, without a clear, distinct, and perfect
as one ofthe noblest characteristics of Eng knowledge of allthe causes from which
which ,while it contributes tothe mainten: the misfortunes and errorsof that
ance of private dignity, is one of the most mighty genius sprung. His constant
efficaciousguardians ofrational public free. struggles with poverty through boy .
dom . hood, youth , and manhood ,-the
But, passing from such general dis- warmth and vehemence ofhis pase
quisition, Mr Wordsworth commencessions,-his sudden elevation to fame
a most furious and a most unfair attack and celebrity , the disappointment of
upon Dr Currie's Life ofBurns, which, his hopes,-the cruel andabsurd
in his opinion , is false, crude, erro debasement of his occupation , the
neous, imperfect, and unphilosophical. temptations which assailed him from
Let us see how he makes out his every quarter,-his gradual and in
charges against that excellent man, creasing indulgences, thesinkings of
whom all the world , save Messrs heart and soul which consequently
Wordsworth and Peterkin, consider oppressed him , -his keen remorse for
an admirable biographer. He accuses every violation of duty which his
Dr Currie of “ sacrificing Burns' me uncorrupted conscience often forced
mory, almost without compunction .” him to feel more acutely than the oc
This is false. Never, in any one in- casion seemed to demand,-- the pure
stance, does Dr Currie speak of the and lofty aspirations after a nobler
failings or errors of Burns, but with kind of life , which often came like
emotions of pity and indulgence ; and a sun -burst on his imagination ,
the concluding sentences of his Life' his decay of health, of strength,and
are ofthemselves sufficient to vindicate spirit,
thevisitations of melancholy,
his memory from this absurd and in- despondency, and despair, which at
solent slander. event
the close of his ful life, he too
“ It is indeed a duty we owe to the liv . often endured ;-this, and more than
ing , not to allow our admiration of great all this, Mr Wordsworth might have
genius, or even our pity for its unhappy learnt from the work he pretends to
destiny, to conceal or disguise its errors. despise : and with such knowledge
But there are sentiments of respect, and laid before the whole world, shame to
even of tenderness, with which this duty the man who thus dares to calumniate
should be performed ; there isan awful the dead, and to represent as the ige
sanctity which invests the mansions of the
dead ; and let those who moralize over the norant, illiberal, and narrow -minded
graves of their contemporaries reflect with enemy to genius, him who was its
humility on their own errors, nor forget most ardent admirer ,-its most stre
howsoon theymay themselves require the nuous, enlightened, and successful de
candour and the sympathy they are called fender !
upon to bestow .'
Mr Wordsworth brings another ac
There is more sense , more feeling, cusation against Dr Currie, equal ly
more truth , more beauty of expression , false with the preceding. He asserts,
in this small paragraph, than in all that Dr Currie spokeof Burns' errors
the thirty - seven pagesof Mr Words- and failings in an undisguised and open
worth's epistle. manner , because the « social condi
But when Mr Wordsworth brings tion ” of the poet was lower than his
his specific charge against Dr Currie, own ; and that he would not have
whatis it ?-He accuses him of nar . ventured to use the same language,
rating Burns' errors and misfortunes, had he been speaking of a gentleman .
without affording the reader any in. Ofthis no proof is given , andit is there ..
1817.) Observations on Mr Wordsworth's Letter. 265
fore one of the moods of my own good humour, and with a smile on
mind . ” But Mr Wordsworth should our faces ; but what follows is too
reflect, that the life and character of deplorable to be laughed at; and if
Burns had, long before Dr Currie's he will make a fool of himself, he
cdition, been the theme of universal cannot well blame us for recording
discussion ; that he had lived in the his folly. The secret cause of all his
eye of the world ; that innumerable intemperate zeal in the needless vindi
anecdotes of his conversation, habits, cation of Burns now betrays itself ;
propensities, and domestic economy, and, asif maddened by a sudden sense
were floating through society ; that of intolerable wrong, he falls foul of
thousands existed who knew him and the Editor of the Edinburgh Review
the general tenor of his life ; and that with a violence that must discompose
therefore, had his biographer preserved the nervous system ofthat learned
that strict silence regarding his per- and ingenious person. It seems that
sonal character which MrWordsworth Mr Peterkin , in his very heavy and
recommends, he would thereby have dry Essay, had made several quotations
seemed to sanction the world's belief from the Edinburgh and Quarterly
in all the false or exaggerated stories Reviews. The last of these articles is
in circulation about thatextraordinary far more severe on Burns' failings than
man - to have shrunk from the rela- the first. But Mr Wordsworth passes
tion offacts which he could not justify, the Quarterly Review quietly over ;
and to have drawn a veil over enor- and, with the voice and countenance
mities which he could not but con- of a maniac, fixes his teeth in the blue
demn. cover of the Edinburgh . He growls
But letus turn from this part of the over it - shakes it violently to and fro
Letter, which we are confident every and at last, wearied out with vain
liberal mind must peruse with disgust efforts at mastication , leaves it covered
and indignation, to the purely absurd over with the drivelling slaver of his
and ludicrous matter contained in the impotent rage.
concluding ten pages. Much has been But what will be thought of Mr
written, and well written , on the ge- Wordsworth, when he tells us that he
nius of Burns ; but all other critics has never read the offensive criticism
must hide their diminished heads on in the Edinburgh Review ! He has
the advance of Mr Wordsworth. He only seen the garbled extract of Mr
has somewhere told us, that he is a Peterkin. What right, then, has he
water -drinker ; and we believe him , to talk big of injustice done to the
for surely there never was so strange dead, when he is himself so deplorably
and awkward an eulogist of intoxica- deficient in justice to the living ? But
tion . Mr Wordsworth must not be allowed
“ His brother can set me right if I am to escape that castigation which his
mistaken , when I express a belief that, at unparalleled insolence
the timewhen he wrote his story of Death world is not to be gulleddeserves. The
by his hypo
andDr Hornbook ,' he had very rarely been critical zeal in the defence of injured
intoxicated , or perhaps even much exhila .
rated by liquor. Yet how happilydoes he merit. It is not Robert Burnsfor
lead hisreader into that tract of sensations! whom he feels - it is William Words.
and with what lively humourdoeshede- worth . All the while that he is ex .
scribe the disorder of his senses and the claiming against the Reviewer's injus.
confusion of his understanding, put to test tice to Burns, he writhes under the
by a deliberate attempt to count the horns lash which that consummate satirist
of the moon !
• But whether she had three or four
has inflicted upon himself, and exhi-,
He couldna tell.' bits a back yet sore with the wounds
which have been in vain kept open ,
“ Behold a sudden apparition that disperses
this disorder, and in a moment chills him and which his restless and irritable
into possession of himself! Coming upon no vanity willnever allow to close.
more important mission than the grislyphan. We shall not disgrace our pages
tom wascharged with, what mode of intro- with any portion of the low and vul
duction could have been more efficient or gar abuse which the enragedpoet
appropriate ? " heaps upon the Editor of the Edin
Really Mr Wordsworth's poetry is burgh Review. It is MrWordsworth's
less absurd than his criticism . serious opinion, that that gentleman
We had hoped , after all, to part is a person of the very weakest intel
with Mr Wordsworth in tolerably lects that his malignity is neutralized
266 . Introduction to a Medical Report of Edinburgh. [ June
by his vanity - thathe does not possess The readerwill, from this quotation ,
one liberal accomplishment- and that judge with what propriety Mr Wordse
he is nearly as imbecile as Bonaparte ! worth accuses the Edinburgh Reviewer
Mr Wordsworth's friends should not of injustice to Burns. It appears that
allow him to expose himself in this the Reviewer thinksmuch more highly
way. He has unquestionably written of Burns than Mr Wordsworth does,
some fine versesinhis day ; but, with for wesee that he places him far above
the exception of some poetical genius, the author of the Excursion .
he is, in all respects , immeasurably In conclusion , one word to all those
inferior, as an intellectual being, to gentlemen who are now so idlybestir
the distinguished person whom he so ring themselves in the revival of an
foolishly libels. obsolete subject. The world are agreed
We wish to have done with this about the character and genius of
lyrical ballad -monger. But before tak- Burns. None but the most narrow
ing our leave ofhim , we beg to point minded bigots think of his errors and
out a passage in the very Critique frailties but with sympathy and indul
which he has abused ; -- a passage gence ; none but the blindest enthy
which we cannot help thinking he siasts can deny their existence. It is
may have seen , thoughhenever reads very possible that his biographers and
reviews, and of which we fear we may critics may have occasionallyused epic
say ,“ Hinc illæ lachrymæ ." thets and expressions too peremptory
Our other remark isofa more limited and decisive - for why should Messrs
application , and is addressed chiefly to the Wordsworth and Peterkini claim a
followers and patronsofthat new school of monopoly of error ?-but, on the
our duty to neglect no opportunity ofºtestie whole, the character of the bard has
fying. Thosegentlemen are outrageous for had ample justice. There is no need
simplicity ;and webeg leavetorecommend for us to say what Burns was or
to them thesimplicity of Burns. He has what he was not: This hehas himself
copied the spokenlanguage of passion and told us in immortal language ; and the
affection, with infinitely more fidelity than following most pathetic and sublime
they have everdone, on all occasions which stanza ought to silence both his friends
properly admitted of suchadaptation; but and his enemies if enemies there can
he has not rejected the helps of elevated indeed be to a man so nobly endowed .
language
based hiscomposition associations
and habitualbyan , nor der
affectation of Forwhile,
sciousness ofwith and proud
all the
genius virtue,con
he
babyish interjections, and all the puling ex
pletives ofanold nursery-maid's vocabulary. there glories in the gifts whichGod
They may look long enough among his ner. had bestowed on him , there too does
vous and manly lines, before they find any he, “ with compunctious visitings of
• Good lacks ! Dear hearts !-or . As a nature ,” own, in prostration of spirit,
body. may say, in them ; or any stuff about that the light which led him astray,
dancing daffodils and sister Emmelines. Let
them think , with what infinite contempt the was not always " light from Heaven .
powerful mind of Burns would have perused *The poor Inhabitantbelow
the story of Alice Fell and her duffle cloak Was quick tolearn and wise to know ,
of Andrew Jones and the half-crown And aft had felt the kindly glow ,
And safter flame ;
or of Little Dan without breeches , and his
thievish grandfather. Let them contrast But thoughtless follies laid him low ,
their own fantasticalpersonages of hysteri And stained his name.”
cal schoolmasters and sententious leech -ga
therers with the authentic rustics of Burns'
Cotter's Saturday Night, and his inimitable INTRODUCTION TO A MÉDICAL RÈS
songs ; and reflect on the different recep
tion which these “personifications have met PORT OF EDINBURGH.
with fromthepublic. Thoughthey will The city of Edinburgh , situated up
not be reclaimed from their puny
tionsby the example oftheir learned prede. onaneminence consisting of three
cessors, they may perhaps submit to bead. parallel ridges, about two miles dis
monished by aself-taught and illiterate tant from the Frith of Forth , and
poet, who drew from Nature far more di- about 250 feet above its level ; bound .
rectly than theycan do, and produced some- ed on the west by its venerable Castle,
thing so much liker the admired copies of built on a high and precipitous rock,
the masters whom they have abjured ." * and overhung on theeast by Arthur
Seat and its crags, and by the Calton
. Edin . Review , No 26 , p . 276 . Hill — forms, from every part of the
7
1817.] Introduction to a Medical Report of Edinburgh. 267
neighbouring country, a grand and posed to the same fluctuations in their
picturesque object in the landscape, circumstances, nor to the frequent
and affords from its environs, and even extremes of poverty and misery, to
from every quarter of its interior, which the latter are so liable. Amid
views of surrounding scenery, which , the universal distress, however, which
in variety and beauty, are perhaps un, has prevailed in all parts of the coun
equalled in any other situation in the try during the last year, the poor of
world . Edinburgh could not fail to suffer am
The principal streets in the ancient mongst others; but the extent and
partofthe town, with the exception degree of this suffering has been very 1

ofthe Cowgate, which , placed in the materially diminished by the assist

hollow betwixt the middleand south- ance so seasonably afforded by their
ern ridge, is narrow and confined , richer fellow citizens, by the sums
are spacious; and the whole of the subscribed in order to give them em
New Town, occupying the northern ployment. The circumstances in the
ridge, and the modern part of the Old state of the poor in this town, already
Town , both chiefly built within the mentioned, made it much more possi
last half century , andforming now the ble to render effectual service tothose
greater part of the city, are remark- in want than in mostotherlargetowns;
able forthe grandeur of their streets and there can be no doubt, that the
and the uniform elegance and sub- money laid out has afforded the means
stantialness of the houses. From the of employment and subsistence to
elevated position of the town the ire many who must otherwise have pined
regularity of the surface of thesur « in wretchedness and starvation ; while,
rounding country , and vicinity of the from the mode in which it has been
Forth , itis exposed to currentsof wind applied, in extending and repairing the
even in the calmest weather ; and the walks in the neighbourhood, it must
numerous lanes, very properly denom add to the healthfulness and comforts
minated closes, running from the High of the city.
Street and Canongate, down the sides There is nothing perhaps in which
of the middle ridge of the town, be- luxury and comfort have so much in
tween rows of high and irregular creased, within the last fifty years, as
houses, though in appearance confined in the style of the houses occupied by
and ill-aired ,havefrequently a draught the different classes of thecommunity.
of air passing through them . This Since the period of the extension of
complete and steady ventilation, and the town, which was begun about the
the high situation and declivity of al middle of the last century, it has in
most all the streets, in a great measure creased much more in extent than in
prevent the possibility of dampness, population, and a great and progres
and afford advantages for cleanliness sive improvement has taken place in
seldom to be foundin any other large the plans of the houses. The lower
town . classes of the community now occupy,
The population of Edinburgh is cal. as habitations, the apartments on the
culated to be above 80,000 souls ; but flats of the lofty houses of the Old
as it is not a place of trade, or of ex- Town, which have been deserted by
tensive manufactures, the number of the richer for the more commodious
the labouring classes, and of the poor, andsplendid houses of themodern part
is small in proportion to that of the of the town . From this circumstance,
middling classes, and of the rich ;-- the artisans and labourersare provided
among the labouring classes, too , as with more substantial and dry habita
they are chiefly mechanics employed tions than usually fall to the lot of this
in supplying the wants of the in- class; butthe heightofthestairs and the
habitants ofthe town and surround . number of families residing under each
ing country -- porters for the use of roof, contribute in some degree to occa
the town , and labourers employed in sion that want of cleanliness and neat
the operations of building , and in ness which but too generally prevails.
agriculture in the vicinity ,their em, The climate ofEdinburgh being
ployment is in general steady ; and very variable, cannot be said to be
though they do not obtain the high pleasant, but it is temperate, and is
wages and luxuries sometimes enjoy , not liable to any continued extremes
ed by manufacturers, they are notex- of heat, or cold, or moisture. The
266 . Introduction to a Medical Report of Edinburgh. [ June
by his vanity — thathe does not possess The reader will, from this quotation ,
one liberal accomplishmentand that judge with what propriety Mr Words
he isnearly as imbecile as Bonaparte ! worth accuses the Edinburgh Reviewer
Mr Wordsworth's friends should not of injustice to Burns. It appears that
allow him to expose himself in this the Reviewer thinksmuch more highly
way . He has unquestionably written of Burns than Mr Wordsworth does,
some fine verses in his day ; but, with for we see that he places him far above
the exception of some poetical genius, the author of the Excursion .
he is, in all respects , immeasurably In conclusion , one word to all those
inferior , as an intellectual being, to gentlemen who are now so idly bestir .
the distinguished person whom he so ring themselves in the revival of an
foolishly libels. obsolete subject. The world areagreed
We wish to have done with this about the character and genius of
lyrical ballad -monger. But before tak-
Burns: None but the most narrow
ing our leave ofhim , we beg to point minded bigots think of his errors and
out a passage in the very Critique frailties but with sympathy and indul
which he has abused ; - passage gence ; none but the blindest enthu
which we cannot help thinking he siasts can deny their existence. It is
may have seen , though he never reads very possible that his biographers and
reviews,and of which we fear we may critics may have occasionallyused epi
say , Hinc ille lachrym æ." thets and expressions too peremptory
« Our other remark isof a more limited and decisive -- for why should Messrs
application, and is addressed chiefly to the Wordsworth and Peterkin claim a
followers and patrons of that new school of monopoly of error ? -but, on the
poetry, against which wehavethoughtit whole,the characterof the bard has
our duty to neglect no opportunity of testi. had ample justice. There is no need
simplicity ;and we beg leave torecommend for us to say what Burns was - or
to themthe simplicity ofBurns. He has what he was not : This he has himself
copied the spokenlanguage of passion and told us in immortal language ; and the
affection, with infinitely more fidelity than following most pathetic and sublime
they have ever done, on all occasionswhich stanza ought to silence both his friends
properly admitted of such adaptation ; but and his enemies - if enemies there can
he has not rejected the helps of elevated indeed be toa man so nobly endowed .
languageand habitual associations, nor de For while, with all the proud con
based hiscomposition by an affectation of sciousness of genius and virtue, he
babyish interjections,
pletivesofanold nursery-maid's puling ex there glories in the gifts which God
and all the vocabulary.
They may look long enoughamong his ner. had bestowed on him , there too does
vous and manly lines, before they find any he, “ with compunctious visitings of
• Good lacks ! Dear hearts !'.- or As a nature ,” own , in prostration of spirit,
body may say, in them ; or any stuff about that the light which led him astray
dancingdaffodils and sister Emmelines. Let was not always " light from Heaven .
them think, withwhat infinite contempt the “The poor Inhabitant below
powerful mind of Burns would have perused Was quick to learn and wise to know ,
the storyof Alice Fell and her duffle cloak And aft had felt the kindly glow ,
of Andrew Jones and the half-crown
And safter flame ;
or of Little Dan without breeches, and his But thoughtless follieslaid hím low ,
thievish grandfather. Let them contrast And stained his name."
their own fantastical personages of hysteri.
cal schoolmasters and sententious leech -ga
therers with the authentic rustics of Burns'
Cotter's Saturday Night, and his inimitable INTRODUCTION TO A MÉDICAL RES
songs ; and reflect on the different recep PORT OF EDINBURGH.
tion which these personifications have met
with from the public. Though they will The city of Edinburgh, situated up
not be reclaimed from their puny affecta on an eminence consisting of three
tions by they
cessors, the example of their
may perhaps submitto prede parallel ridges, about two miles dis
learned bead.
monished by aself-taught and illiterate tant from the Frith of Forth, and
poet, who drew from Nature far more di- about 250 feet above its level ; bound
rectly than theycan do, and produced some- ed on the west by its venerable Castle,
thing somuch liker the admired copies of built on a high and precipitous rock,
the masters whom they have abjured." * and overhung on the east by Arthur
Seat and its crags, and by the Calton
* Edin . Review , No 26, p . 276. Hill - forms, from every part of the
7
1817.) Introduction to a Medical Report of Edinburgh. 267
neighbouring country, a grand and posed to the same fluctuations in their
picturesque object in the landscape, circumstances, nor to the frequent
and affords from its environs, and even extremes of poverty and misery, to
from every quarter of its interior, which the latter are so liable. Amid
views of surrounding scenery, which, the universal distress, however, which
in variety and beauty, are perhaps un- has prevailed in all parts of the coun
equalledin any other situation in the try during the last year, the poor of
world , Edinburgh could not fail to suffer am
The principal streets in the ancient mongst others; but the extent and
part ofthe town, with the exception degree of this suffering has been very
ofthe Cowgate, which, placed in the materially diminishedby the assist
hollow betwixt the middleand south- ance so seasonably afforded by their
ern ridge, is narrow and confined , richer fellow citizens, by the sums
are spacious; and the whole of the subscribed in order to give them em
New Town , occupying the northern ployment. The circumstances in the
ridge, and the modern part of the Old state of the poor in this town, already
Town , both chiefly built within the mentioned , made it much more possi
last half century, and forming now the ble to render effectual service to those
greater part of the city, are remark- in want than in mostotherlargetowns;
able forthe grandeur of their streets and there can be no doubt, thatthe
and the uniform elegance and sub- money laid out has afforded themeans
stantialness of the houses. From the of employment and subsistence to
elevated position of the town -- the ire many who must otherwise have pined
regularity of the surface of the sur- in wretchedness and starvation ; while,
roundingcountry, and vicinity of the from the mode in which it has been
Forth, it is exposed to currentsofwind applied, in extending and repairing the
even in the calmest weather ; and the walks in the neighbourhood, it must
numerous lanes, very properly deno add to the healthfulness and comforts
minated closes, running from the High of the city.
Street and Canongate , down the sides There is nothing perhaps in which
of the middle ridge of the town , be- luxury and comfort have so much in
tween rows of high and irregular creased, within the last fifty years, as
houses, though in appearance confined in thestyle of the houses occupied by
and ill-aired ,have frequently a draught the different classes of thecommunity .
of air passing through them . This Since the period of the extension of
complete andsteady ventilation, and the town , which was begun about the
the high situation and declivity of al. middle of the last century, it has in
most all the streets, in a great measure creased much more in extent than in
prevent the possibility of dampness, population, and a great and progres
and afford advantages for cleanliness sive improvement has taken place in
seldom to be foundin any other large the plans of the houses. The lower
town . classes of the community now occupy,
The population of Edinburgh is cal. as habitations, the apartments on the
culated to beabove 80,000 souls ; but flats of the lofty houses of the Old
as it is not a place of trade, or of ex- Town, which have been deserted by
tensive manufactures, the number of the richer for the more commodious
the labouring classes, and of the poor, andsplendid houses of themodern part
is small in proportion to that of the of the town . From this circumstance,
middling classes, and of the rich ;- the artisans and labourers are provided
among the labouring classes, too, as with more substantial and dry habita
they are chiefly mechanics employed tions than usuallyfallto the lot of this
in supplying the wants of the in- class; butthe heightofthestairs and the
habitants ofthe town and surround . number offamilies residing under each
ing country-- porters for the use of roof, contribute in somedegree to occa
the town, and labourers employed in sion that want of cleanliness and neat
the operations of building, and in ness which but too generally prevails.
agriculture inthe vicinity, their em . The climate ofEdinburgh being
ployment is in general steady ; and very variable, cannot be said to be
though they do not obtain the high pleasant, but it is temperate, and is
wages and luxuries sometimes enjoy , not liable to any continued extremes
ed by manufacturers, they are not ex. of heat, or cold , or moisture. The
268 Introduction to a Medical Report of Edinburgh. [ June
constant prevalence ofwind, frequently nument, at a considerable height above
from thenorth or from the east, ren- the surface of the earth , and not exa
ders it,during the greater part of the posed to eddies of wind, the annual
year, chill, and in the summer cool. quantity of rain , averaged from the
The winter, which may be said to last observations of the years 1814 and
four months, is, asmight be expected 1815, is indicated to be 15.29 inches ;
from the neighbourhood of thesea, ge- andlast year, an unusually wet season ,
nerally open and variable, frostsor not less than 18.15 inches. By thegauges
storms of snow seldom lasting longer in the immediate neighbourhood, but
than a few days. The wetness and placed near the ground, the quantities
sudden changes in the weather during indicated are much greater. The
spring are proverbial; and during the country around Edinburgh is drained
month of May, which in more south- and highly cultivated , affording rich
ern countries is so delightful, damp crops of wheat, turnips, and pota
easterly winds too generally prevail toes. An abundant supply of coals,
duringthe day , with frosts in thenight, for fuel, is brought ata reasonable
destroying the blossoms and prospects price from the neighbouring country.
of fruit, which a continuance of fine The spring of this year has been
weather in April not unfrequently remarkable for the steadiness and dry,
produces. Atthis period of the year, ness of the weather, and most favoure
there is a striking difference in cli- able for the advancementof the ope
mate between the north and south rations of husbandry. The month of
sides of the town, often of material February was open and mild ; and
consequence to invalids ; the latter ly, during March , though there were frea
ing exposed to the south, sheltered quent frosts and showers of snow , and
from the east wind by Arthur Seat, of rain , there was much fine weather.
and from the north by the high ridge In the latter end of the month, after
of the town , is considerably warmer some days of warmth , an intense cold
than the northern part ; not only an suddenly came on , which continued
evident difference in the sensation of for three days, the thermometer, dur
heat being felt in passing from the one ing thenight, standing seven degrees
to the other, but, during the day, a below thefreezing point, and a sharp
difference of two or three degrees in dry wind blowing from the north.
the thermometer being frequently ob- During April a westerly wind prevail
servable. The summer is usually ed, and the weather, though notwarm ,
agreeable, as the heat is seldom op- was steady and remarkably dry, only
pressive, or the drought continued ; a few slightshowers of rain having fale
and the weather , in the months of len during the month . With May the
September and October, is generally east winds setin , and have continued
steady, fair, and temperate. The with little variation during the month ,
changes in the barometer and thermo- but they have been less chill and damp
meter, particularly in the latter, are than usual, and the frost in the night
frequent, and often great and sudden . less severe. In the latter end of the
The average annual temperature of month frequentseasonable falls of rain
Edinburgh is about 47°, and the took place, which had become desirable
thermometer seldom stands above 75° for the advancement of vegetation .*
in summer, or falls below 20 in win- The markets of Edinburgh are well
ter. Showers of rain are frequent at and regularly supplied with the ne
all times of the year, but wet weather cessaries of life ; and abundance of
is seldom long continued . In spring fish of various kinds, particularly of
a drizzling mist from the east free cod, haddocks, and at certain seasons
quently occurs. The observations late- of herrings, is to beprocured ata very
ly made at Edinburgh, from rain moderate price. All the luxuries and
gauges, shew that the quantities of indulgencies of the table are easily oba
rainwhich fall, indicatedby that in- tainedby the rich , but the diet ofthe
strument, are much modified by its labouring classes, whose mode of live
position ; and therefore, that the core
rectness of the results which have hi.
therto been obtainedfrom its use, is not the* meteorological
It will be observed , from examining
report of the Magazine,
much to be depended on. By the gauge that the average of the temperature of this
belonging to the Astronomical Institue spring has been about 50 higher than that
tion , placed on the top of Nelson's mo- of the last.
1917. ) Introduction to a Medical Report of Edinburgh. 269

ing is necessarily much limited by it is distributed to the older part of

their circumstances, is chiefly com , the town by means of public wells in
posed of oatmeal porridge, bread, po- the streets, and to the more modern
tatoes, and milk . Even among them by pipes to each house, or to their
wheaten bread has now in a great meas areas. As of late yearsthe population
sure displaced that of oatmeal or bar has greatly increased , and pipes have
leymeal. Their means enable them been furnished to the new houses,
but seldom to procure butcher meat ; which, from their size, requirea large
but for dinnerthey frequently make a quantity of water, while no effectual
broth, with barley and green vege- means have been taken to provide for
tables, in which beef bones, or a por this increased consumption, the sup
tion of butter, of which they consume ply of this essential article is never
a considerable quantity , have been abundant, and, in dry seasons, extreme
boiled, if not with the effectof adding ly deficient. In order, therefore, to
to its nutritive qualities, at least with observe a due and proper economy in
that of rendering it more palatable. itsuse, it is supplied to the public
During the season, the freshherrings wells only at times, and it flowsto
afford them a cheap and excellent food; the cisterns of the houses at consider
and they at all times consume, with able intervals. To all classes of the
their potatoes, a considerable quantity community this deficiency occasions
of salt herrings and salted fish . Fresh a very great privation ; but to the
whitefish, though often cheap, they poor, when the timeand labour which
seem littlein the habit of using in their they expend, and the exposure they
families. The harmless and refreshing have to undergo in procuring their
luxury of teais very generally enjoyed ; scanty supply are considered, it is ob
and the number of public houses, and vious thatit must be an evil of serious
the quantity of spirits consumed , but magnitude. To this scarcity of water
too plainly prove the extent to which there can be little doubt that the of
the more pernicious oneofdram -drink- fensive state of the streets, particular
ing is indulged in. It were much to ly insummer, so long the opprobrium
be wished , both on account of the mo. ofEdinburgh, is insome degree to be
rals and health of the people, that the attributed ;and while it continues, it
money expended in this destructive must oppose a serious obstacle to the
use of ardent spirits, were laid out on improvement in the cleanliness of their
the more nutritive and wholesome be persons and their habitations, which is
verage of malt-liquor . Though, along so desireable among the poor.
with whisky, a considerable quantity The degree to which the scarcity of
of inferior ale is consumed in the pub water was felt during the dry summer
lic houses, it is but little used as a re- of 1815, and the threatening of it
gular article of diet. which has already been perceived this
During the last winter, from the spring, has drawn the attention of the
difficulty of procuring employment, Magistrates and of the public to it in
and thelow rate of wages, joined with a particular manner ; and itis now to
the high price and inferior quality of behoped, that the town will ere long
bread and corn, and particularly of enjoy the benefit of the advantages
Oatmeal and potatoes, the food of the which it possesses from its situation ,
poor must have been lessnutritious, as of obtaining a supply of watereven to
well as diminished in quantity ; and profusion, of which an abundance is
while we cannot but admire the pa- so essential to the cleanliness of the
tience with which they have sustained city , and to the comfort and health of
them , it is melancholyto reflect on its inhabitants.
the privations which the labouring . There is no disease which is peculiar
classes of the community must have to Edinburgh , neither can any ofthe
borne in their fare, which is at all diseases of this country be said to be
times plain and so little abundant. particularly prevalent or severe in this
With all the advantages which this town. On the whole, it is remarkably
otherwise favoured town possesses, it healthful ; and I believe, that it may
is deficient in the most indispensable be stated , that the mortality in it is
necessary and luxury of life. It is small in proportion to the population ,
supplied with excellent water, convey- though I have not before me, indeed
ed , from springs near the Pentland I do not know if there exists, docu .
Hills, to two reservoirs, from which ments on whichan
Von, I. 2 M
accurate opinion
270 Swiss Tradition . [ June
with regard to thispoint can be found- Swiss tradition, that withoutfurther
ed . The epidemic diseases to which comment, I extract the latter frommy
children are liable, varying in the ex- journal, and send it for your perusal.
tent to which they prevail and the It relates to an ancientfamily, now
character which they assume, are al- extinct, whose names I neglected to
ways more or less present in the town . write down , and have now forgotten, 1
To make some record of these, from but that is a matter of little importo
time to time, and to give an account ance .
of the state of the healthiness of the
town, and of the circumstances which “ His soul was wild, impetuous,
appear to affect it, are objects of in- and uncontrollable. He had a keen
terest and importance. Much valu . perception of the faults and vices of
able information is contained in the others, withoutthe power of correct
annual reports of the diseases of Edine ing his own ; alike sensible ofthe no
burgh, which were published by Dr bility, and of the darkness of his mo
Monro ,primus, in the Medical Essays ral constitution , although unable to
of Edinburgh, earlyin the lastcentury ; cultivate the one to the exclusion of
and an excellentaccount of the epide theother.
mics of Edinburgh, which it is to be “ In extreme youth, he led a lonely
regretted has not been continued , was and secluded life in the solitude of a
published by Dr Duncan , senior, in Swiss valley, in company with an only
the year 1811. More recently, quar- brother, some years older than hima
terly reports of the diseases treated at self, and a young female relative, who
the New Town Dispensary have been had been educated along with them
regularly given , containing information from her birth. They lived under
much more minute concerning the dis- the care of an aged uncle, the guar
eases prevailing in Edinburgh , than is dian of those extensive domains which
intended to be given in those which we the brothers were destined jointly to
are now commencing. inherit .
J. W. T. " A peculiar melancholy, cherished
Edinburgh, June 1 , 1817. and increased by the utier seclusion
of that sublime region, had, during
The First MEDICAL REPORT will ap- theperiod of their infancy, preyed up
pear in our next Number. on the mind of their father , and fin
ally produced the most dreadful re
sult. The fear of a similar tendency
SKETCH OF A TRADITION RELATED
BY A MONK IN SWITZERLAND .
in the minds of the brothers , induced
their protector to remove then , at an
MR EDITOR , early age, from the solitude of their
In the course of an excursion , during native country. The elderwas sent to
the autumnof last year, through the a German university, and the younger
wildest and most secluded parts of completed his education in one of the
Switzerland, I took up my residence, Italian schools.
during one stormy night, in a convent “ After the lapse of many years ,
ofCapuchin Friars, not farfromAltorf, the old guardian died , and the elder
the birth - place of the famous William of the brothers returned to his native
Tell. In the course of the evening, valley ; he there formed an attachment
one of the fathers related a story, to the lady with whom he had passed
which, both on account of theinterest his infancy ; and she, after some fear
which it is naturally calculated to ex- ful forebodings, which were unfortun
cite, and the impressive manner in ately silencedby the voice of dutyand
which it was told, produced a very of gratitude, accepted of his love, and
strong effect upon my mind. I noted became his wife.
it down briefly in the morning, in my “ In the meantime, the younger
journal, preserving asmuch as possible brother had left Italy , and travelled
the old man's style, but it has no over the greater part of Europe. He
doubt lost much by translation , mingled with the world , and gave full
Having just read Lord Byron's dra- scope to every impulse of his feelings.
ma, “ Manfred , ” there appears to me But that world, with the exception of
such a striking coincidence in some certain hours of boisterous passion and
characteristic features, between the excitement, affording him little plea
story of that performance and the sure, and made no lasting impression
1817. ) Swiss Tradition. 271
upon his heart. His greatest joy was ing rocks ; these accorded with the
in the wildest impulses of the imagi- gentler feelings of his mind ; but the
nation . strongspirit which so frequently over
“ His spirit, though mighty and un- came him , listened with intense de
bounded ," from his early habits and light to the dreadful roar of an ima
education, naturally tended to repose ; mense torrent, which was precipitated
he thought with delight on the sun from the summit of an adjoining cliff,
rising among the Alpine snows, or among broken rocks and pines, over
gilding the peaks of the rugged hills turned and uprooted , or to the still:
with its evening rays. But within mightier voice of the avalanche, sud
him he felt a fire burning for ever, denly descending with the accumulate;
and which the snows of his native ed snows of a hundred years.
mountains could not quench. He “ In the morning he met the ob .
feared that he was alone in the world, ject of his unhappy passion. Her eyes
and that no being, kindred to his own , were dim with tears, and a cloud of
had been created ;but in his soul there sorrow had darkened the light of her:
was an image of angelic perfection , lovely countenance.
which he believed existed not on earth , For some time there was a mutual
but without which he knew he could constraint in their manner, which both:
not be happy. Despairing to find it were afraid to acknowledge, and nei-,
in populous cities, he retired to his ther was able to dispel. Even the un
paternal domain . On again entering controllable spirit of the wanderer was.
upon the scenes ofhis infancy, many oppressed and overcome, and he wish
new and singular feelings were expe- edhe had never returnedto the dwel
rienced - he is enchanted with the sur- ling of his ancestors. The lady is
passing beauty of the scenery, and equally aware of the awful peril of
wonders that he should have rambled their situation , and without the know
so long and so far from it. T'he noise ledge of her husband, she prepared to
and the bustle of the world were im- depart from the castle, and take the
mediately forgotten on contemplating veil in a convent situated in a neigh
« The silence that is in the starry sky, bouring valley.
The sleep that is among the lonely hills. " “ With this resolution she depart
A light,as it were, broke around him, ed on the following morning ; but in
and exhibited a strange and momento crossing an Alpine pass, which con
ary gleam of joy andof misery ming- ducted by a nearer route to the adjoin
led together. Heentered the dwelling ing valley, she was enveloped in
of his infancy with delight, and met mists and vapour, and lost all know
his brother with emotion. But his ledge of the surrounding country ,
dark and troubled eye betokened a The clouds closed in around her, and
fearful change, when he beheld the a tremendous thunder-storm took place
other playmate of his infancy. Though in the valley beneath. She wandered
beautiful as the imagination could about for some time, in hopes of gain
conceive, she appeared otherwise than ing a glimpse through the clouds, of
he expected . Her form and face were some accustomed object to direct her:
associated with some of his wildest re- steps, till, exhausted byfatigueand fear,
veries - his feelings of affection were she reclined upon a dark rock , in the
united with many undefinable sensa . crevices ofwhich, though it was now
tions-- he felt as if she was not the the heat of summer, there were many
wife of his brother, although he knew patches of snow. There she sat, in a
her to be so, and his soul sickened at state of feverish delirium , till a gentle
the thought. air dispelled the dense vapour from
“ He passed the night in a feverish before her feet, and discovered an en
state of joy and horror. From the ormous chasm , down which she must
window of a lonely tower he beheld have fallen, if she had taken another ,
the moon shining amid the bright step. While breathing a silent prayer
blue of an Alpine sky, and diffusing a to Heaven for this providential escape ,,
calm and
beautiful light on the silvery strange sounds were heard, as of some
snow . The eagle owluttered herlong disembodied voice floating among the
and plaintive note from the castellated clouds. Suddenly she perceived, with ;
summits which overhung the valley, in a few paces, the figure of the wan
and the feet of the wild chamois were derer tossing his arms in the air, his
heard rebounding from the neighbour- eye inflamed, and his general aspect
272 Swiss Tradition . [ June
wild and distracted — he then appear. with enchanted ear to his wild and
ed meditating a deed of sin -- sherush- impassioned eloquence, and careless of
ed towards him, and, clasping him in all other sight or sound .
her arms,dragged him backwards, just “ She too had renounced her morn
as he was about to precipitate himself ing vows, and the convent was una
into the gulph below . thought of, and forgotten . Crossing
“ Overcome by bodily fatigue, and the mountains by wild and unfre
agitation of mind, they remained for quented paths, they took up their a
some time in a state of insensibility. bode in a deserted cottage, formerly
The brother first revived from his frequented by goatherds and the hun
stupor ; and finding her whose ime ters of the roe , On looking down, for
age was pictured in his soul lying by the last time, from the mountain top,
his side, with her arms resting upon on that delightfulvalley in which she
his shoulder, he believed for a moment had so long lived in innocence and
that he must have executed the dread- peace, the lady thought ofher departed
ful deed he had meditated , and had mother, and her heart would have died
wakened in heaven. The gentle form within hers but the wild glee of the
of the lady is again re-animated, and brother again rendered herinsensible
slowly she opened her beautiful eyes. to all other sensations, and she yielded
She questioned himregarding the pure to thesway of her fatal passion .
poseof his visit to that desolate spot “ There they lived, secluded from
á full explanation took place of their theworld, and supported, even through
mutual sensations, and they confessed evil, by the intensity of their passion
the passion which consumed them . for each other. The turbulent spirit
“Thesun was now high in heaven of the brother was at rest he had
the cloudsofthe morning had ascended found a being endowed with virtues
to the loftiest Alps - and the mists, like his own, and, as he thought, des.
• into their airy elements resolved, titute of all his vices. The day
were gone.'. As the god of day ad dreams of his fancy had been realized ,
vanced, dark vallies were suddenly and all that he had imagined of beau
illuminated, and lovely lakes bright ty or affection was embodied in that
ened like mirrors among the hills form which he could call his own.
their waters sparkling with the fresh “ On the morning of her departure
breeze of the morning. The most the dreadful truth burst upon the
beautiful clouds were sailing in the mind of her wretched husband. From
air - some breaking on the mountain the first arrival of the dark - eyed stran
tops, and others resting on the sombre ger, a gloomy vision of future sorrow
pines, or slumbering on the surface of had haunted him by day and by night.
the unilluminated vallies. The shrill Despair and misery now made him
whistle of the marmot was no longer their victim , and that awful malady
heard, and thechamois had bounded which he inherited from his ancestors
to its inaccessible retreat. The vast was the immediate consequence. He
range of the neighbouring Alps was was seen , for the last time, among
next distinctly visible,and presented, somestupendouscliffs which overhung
to the eyes of the beholders, ' glory found
the river, and chamois
by the his hat and cloakatwere
hunters the
beyond all glory ever seen .'
" In the mean time a change had foot of an ancient pine.
taken place in the feelings of the “ Soon too was the guilty joy of
mountain pair, which was powerfully the survivors to terminate. The gen
strengthened by the glad face ofnature. tle lady, even in felicity, felt a load
The glorious hues of earth and sky upon her heart. Her spirit had burn
seemed indeed to sanction and rejoice ed too ardently, and she knew it must
in theirmutualhappiness. The darker ere long be extinguished. Day after
spirit of the brother had now fearfully day the lily of her cheek encroached
overcome him . The dreaming pre- upon the rose, till at last she assum
dictions of his most imaginative years ed a monumental paleness, unrelieve
appeared realised in their fullest ex- ed save by a transient and hectic
tent, and the voice of prudence and glow . Her angelic form wasted away,
ofnature was inaudible amidst the in- and soon the flower of the valley was
toxication of his joy. The object of no more.
his affection rested in his arms in a “ The soul of the brother was dark ,
state of listless happiness, listening dreadfully dark , but his body wasted
1817.) Sir George Mackenzie's MS. History. 273

not, and his spirit caroused with more from the hands of the merchant, who
fearful strength. • The sounding ca ; had purchased it as waste paper. I
taract haunted him like a passion.' is a quarto volume, bound in vellum ,
He was again alone in the world, and and written in a fair hand about the
his mind endowed with more dreadful beginning of the eighteenth century.
energies. His wild eye sparkled with Nearly 300 pages of it remain. . It is
unnatural light, and his raven hair entitled , “ The Historie of Scotland
hung heavy on his burning temples. He from the year 1660 ; begins with an
wandered among the forests and the account of the “happie restauration ”
mountains, and rarely entered his onc of Charles II.; and ends with a letter,
beloved dwelling, from the windows dated 27th October 1677, from the
of which he had so often beheld the Privy Council to the Earl of Glena
sun sinking in a sea of crimson glory. cairn and Lord Rosse, preparatory to
“ He was found dead in that same the calling in of the Highland Host
pass in which he had met his sister upon the western shires. The re
among the mountains ; his body bore maining part of the history, extends
no marks of external violence, but his ing from 1677 to 1691 , is of course
countenance was convulsed by bitter a- wanting. In consequence of the
insanity. ” P. F. mutilations before referred to , there is
a large chasm in the MS. including
the history from 1663 to 1669. There
ACCOUNT OF A MS , HISTORY OF SCOT.
are also a number of blanks left for
the insertion of public papers .
LAND ; BY SIR GEORGE MACKENZIE
OF ROSEHAUGH . My reasons for thinking that this
MS. forms part of Şir George Mac,
Communicated bythe Rev. Dr MʻCRIE. kenzie's history are entirely of an in
MR EDITOR, ternal kind, but they are such as leave
Ar your request, I send you an ac- no doubt on my mind. This might
count of a MS. which lately camein- be presumed from the circumstance of
to my possession , and which I consider its detailing, with great minuteness,
as part of a history of Scotland, by those transactions in which Sir George
Sir George Mackenzie of Rosehaugh. was personally concerned , and giving
The fact of Sir George having left at length the speeches which he de
such a history is already known. It livered in Parliament. But there is
is mentioned in the following adver- more direct evidence. In the intro ,
tisementprefixed to the second volume duction, the author says :
of his works : " Imay without vạnitie promise, that no
.. * Whereas, in the list of the Author's man hath wrote ane historie who knew
manuscripts, there is mention made of an more intimatelie the designes, and observed
History of the Affairs of Scotland ,from the more narrowlie all the circumstances, of
restauration of King Charles II.,1660, to these actions he sets down , than myself,
the 1691, which subscribers mighthave having been either actor in, or witnes to,
readily lookt for in this second volume, but all the transactions which I mention ; es
that manuscript beingin the hands of some pecially since ye year 1677, at qeh time I
of the author's relations, who think it not was made his Majestie's advocat."
ready for the press until it be carefully re- Now , it is known that Sir George
vised , they have reckoned it more proper to Mackenzie became. Lord Advocate in
have it printed by way of appendix to this the course of that year. It is unne
second volume, how soon they have it re
vised and transcribed by a good hand .” cessary to quote other passages, in
which the author is described
This is the only notice of the work manner which cannot be easily in a
miss
that I have met with .
It does not taken , although in termsless precise
appear that the author's relations car than the above. I shall therefore
riedtheir design of printingit into merely add, that there are a number
execution ; and I have not, upon in . of marginal alterations, in a handa
quiry, been able to learn thata copy writing differentfrom that of the rest
ofthe manuscript exists in any library ,
public or private.
of the manuscript ; and from a com
Iliterally found the MS. which I parison of these with letters and sig
mean to describe to you, natures of Sir George, preserved in
the
they Register
in vico vendentem thus et odores ; House
were written , ithisappears
with that:
own hand
and unfortunately, it had suffered to a so that the MS. in my possession was
considerable extent before I rescued it corrected by the author himself.
 274 Sir George Mackenzie's MS. History. [ June
The sentiments which Sir George Advocat; which drew upon both of them
Mackenzie entertained on the public the odium of the ablest lawyers, who, be
transactions of his time are well known . causeof their senioretie and abilities, thought
But it may be proper tostate , that in ittheir ownedew ; and upon that accompt
Middletoun's interest was much opposed by
thehistory he expresses himself with all that societie, whose friendshipinScot
greaterfreedom and impartialitythan land,
especiallie dureing parliament,ought
Sir William Bruce gott
in his Vindication of the Government to be much valued .
in Scotland during the reign of King the office of the Clerk of the Bills by the
Charles 11. He does not scruple to favour of Sir Robert Murray ; and in the
condemn several of the court measures, nomination of the Colledge of Justice, each
and exposes the selfish and mercenary greatman was allowed a friend or two, till
disposition of some of the chief states- the list was compleat. But because the
men . Not having seenthelatter part Earle of Lauderdale
ingratitude charges Tarbet
, for opposinghim with
whohad
of his history, I cannot speakofthe prefer'd him to one of these chairs,
manner in which he hasrelated trans- thought fitt to tell that he was nominated
actions during the period in which he by the Earle of Rothes. The greatest
held an important situation under go- number of rivalls were those who sought
vernment. for the place of Clerk of Register . But Sir
I cannot say that this manuscript Archibald Prymrose, then Clerk to the
contains much information which can Council, did openlie profess that none but
properly be called new. It does,how- himself was able to serve inthat employ
he toldduring
ever, state facts which I have not ment parliament; and I remember
me,thatthiswasthesurest method
found elsewhere ; and it certainly in competitions of that nature; anditdid
throws light upon the transactions reallie advance much his designe at that
which it relates. A history of that time, for nolawyer was on the list with
period, by a person of such intelli- him , and no gentleman was sufficientlie
gence and opportunities of informa- qualified for it. But to secure his clame,
tion as Sir George Mackenzie, must he payed doun a considerable soume to Sir
deserve to be preserved and consulted. Wm Fleeming, who had a grant of it from
In general, the view which the au his Maj. dureing his exile, and hee swore a
constant dependance upon the Earle of
thor gives of the characters of the Midletoun ."
principal statesmen in Scotland after
the Restoration , of their intrigues for Of the passing of the Act Rescissory
supplanting one another, and of the the author gives thefollowing account :
causes of their elevation and their fall, : « The Commissioner (Middleton ), insti
agrees with that which has been given gated by Sir George Mackenzie of Tarbet,
by,Bishop Burnet. Considering the who was a passionat Cavaleer,resolv'd' to
wide difference between the principles rescind all theparliamentssincetheyear
of the two writers, thiscoincidence 1640, because they were but a seriesofre
corroborates the truth of the Bishop's bellion
pleased. -theAlbeit at first this overture dis
Commissioner ,yet Tarbet urg'd,
statements. Sir George is more fa- that withoutrescinding these parliaments,
vourable to Middleton than Burnet is. they would never secure his Majestie's pre
He gives the same view of Lauderdale's rogative in calling and dissolving parlia
vices; but his narrative sets the talents ments ; and since this parliament had de
of that statesman in a stronger light. clar'd that to have beenhis Maj. prerogam*
I shall now furnish you with a few tive, it followed necessarily, that these par
extracts from the work , which will be liaments which state after his Maj. had
dissolv'd themunlawfull.
more satisfactory thanany description sioner, were , and without his Commis-'
The forceof which
of its contents. Having shewn how argument prevail'd with Midleton to send
th principal offices of state were Mungo Murray,brother to Atholl, to con
filledup at the Restoration, the au- sult his Maj. in this affair. But how soon
thor says, Chancellor Hyde did read his letters, he dis
pute" Bellenden
in place ofwas created. Thesaurer Des patch'd immediatlie ane express to Midle-,,
Sir Daniel Carmichael, who toun, chiding him for scrupling to pass that
got thatemployment in anno 1649, but was act, and entreating him to pass it imme
fallen in somedisgust with his Maj. because diatlie , as most
he had refused to advance the king some rest. How soonconducive for his Maj. inte
it was inform'd that the
inconsiderable soume in 1650 . Whereas Commissioner had intended to urge this act
Cranstoun M'Gill was continued a Senator rescissorie, Mr James Wood, professor of
of the Colledgeof Justice, because he assisted divinitie in St Andrews, did , out of ane
his Maj, in his necessities at that time, Sir indiscreet zeal, go to the Commissioner, and
John Fletcher, because of his alliance to told him , that if he offer'd at it they would
Middleton, was employed to be his Maj. let loose the people upon them . But it
1817. ) Sir George Mackenzie's MS. History, 275
displeas'd not only the fanaticks, but even ledd for proving thelate complyance after
such as had gloried much in theengadge. the year 1651, and his accession to the
ment 1648 ; for that parliament fell under king's murther, which was excepted out of
the same condemnation. And some of the the letter ; andthough verie many witnesses
best affected , but moderate Cavaleers , did were adduced , yet some thought the pro .
not approve it ; . for they thought it dishon- bation not full. But after the debate and
ourable for the memorie of that incompara. probation was all closed , and the Parlia
ble king to have that parliament, 1641, ment ready to consider the whole matter,
wherein he sate, rescinded, as they judg'd one whocame post from London knockit
it a dangerous preparative to rescind all most rudelie at the parliament, door , and
that had past in a time when the people upon his entrie with a packet, which he
were made to believe that these parliaments presented to the Commissioner, mad him
were warranted by his Maj. ; but to satisfie conclude that he had brought a remission,
these, it was provided by ane express salvo, or some other warrand, in favours of the
that all such privat persones as had obtained Marques, and the rather because the beerer
privat rights or securities from any of these was a Campbell. But the packet being
parliaments, or any deryving power from opened, it was found to have in ita great
them , should be secure, except they were many letters, which had been directed by
particularlie questioned before theact of the Marquesto the Duke of Albemarle,
indemnitie. Only the parliament 1649 was when he was General in Scotland , and which
absolutlie rescinded without any such salvo, he reserv ? d to see if they were absolutlie
because they had no warrand even by the necessary ; and being by these diligent en
bill of trienniall parliaments, as is clear by voys (Glencairn and Rothes) advertised of
the historie ofthese tymes.” the scantnes of the probation , he had sent
After giving an account of the man- them post by M Naughton's servant. No
ner in whichthe excise of £ 40,000 soonerwerethese produced, but the Parlia
sterling annually, granted by Parlia ment was fullie satisfied as to the proof of
the compliance , and the next day he was
ment to the King during life, was car forfaulted,” & c. *
ried, and showing how burdensome
The MS. gives a minute account of
this impost was to the nation , Şir the proceedings respecting (what was
George adds :
Nor didthethese
way“ lessen provisos
burden in was
;for it the act any called
in vain
) the billeting act, anno 1662 :
by which the Parliament declared
to think that his Majestie's successores wold twelve persons, selected by ballot, in
not pretend, that because their expenses capable of serving his Majesty in any
were equal to his Maj., that therefor the place of trust. At that time we are
same subsidie should not be deny'd ; and told >

subsidies are in this like to the devill, that “ Lauderdale was brought so low , that
both are more easily raised than laid . And his Maj. wold close the door upon him
when the subsequent impositions were cray when he call'd in Tarbat. He was under
ed , and this promise, never to exact any valu'd by his enemies, and deserted by his
more cess, objected , it was ansuered, that friends ; and if prosperitie (which , like all
his Majestie did not exact or impose any rypethings,do's soon corrupt) had not be.
new cess, but that there were voluntary,of- tray'd Midletoun and his friends to too much
fers. Pardon me, reader, to intreat thee, arbitrariness and want of circumspection ,
that if ever thou become a member of par Lauderdale had sunk under the weight of
liament, then consider what curses are day; hisowne misfortunes. "
lie pour'd out by many poor , hungrie, and
opprest creatures, upon such as are in ac- Various instances of Lauderdale's
cession to the imposing of taxes; for they violent and over-bearing conduct oc
not only torment poor people for the pre- cur. When he was Commissioner in
sent, bot they mak way for new ones, and
new taxes are the only means of making * The labour which has been taken to
old ones seeme easie." wipe off this blot from the character of
The fact of the Duke of Albemarle Monk by Dr Campbell (Biographie Bri
(Monk ), having transmitted, during tannica,art.Campbell (Archibald,1marquis
the trial of the Marquis of Argyle, of Argyle) andby MrRose-(Observations
letters written to him by the Marquis, on Mr Fox's Historical Work , pp. 2226 )
which led to his condemnation , has -is not altogether without its use. The
been repeatedly called in question, and perusal of what they have written on this :
confidently denied . Sir George Mac- dangerous itis be toof rest
utility, in shewing
on what is called how
ne
kenzie was one of Argyle's counsel, gative proof in opposition to positive testi
and his testimony will, it is presum- mony ;-and thatit is not difficult, or at
ed , be sufficient to set this controversy least not impossible ,tobringforward many
at rest . ingenious and plausible arguments, to prove
. The relevancie of the articles ( says he that a thing could not be, which , after all,
in the MS.) being discussed , probatione was turns out to be an undoubted fact,
276 Sir George Mackenzie's Ms. History. [ June
1869, great opposition being made in Margaret Kennedy, warmly patronised
parliament to an act, which he wished the Presbyterians for a considerable
to carry, for laying a duty upon salt time. The following anecdote , con
used in curing fish ; - " at lastthe Com- cerning the last of these ladies, is res
missioner rose in a passion, and told, lated in the MS.
that though the Parliament stopt the “ Lauderdale had of a long time enter .
act, yet they should gain nothing by tained with Ladie Margaret Kennedie,
it ; for he wold, by virtue ofhis Mas daughtertothe Earle of Cassilis, ane inti
jestie's prerogative, pepper thefishing becomesuspitiousinapersone wholova
(as he termed it) with impositions. not, as some said , his own ladie. This ladie
Àfter a long and deep silence,” the hadnever married, and wasalwayesreputit
debate was resumed, and the act was a wit, and the great patron of the Presbyte
finally carried by the casting vote of rians, in which profession she was very
the Chancellor, as president. bigot ; and the suspition encreased much
The following account is given of upon her living in the Abbey in which no
the reasons of the act, makingparishes woman elslodged. Nor did the Commis
liablefor the insolencies committed sioner blush to goe openlie to her chamber
in his night-goune. Whereupon her friends
against ministers. having challenged her for that unusual com .
* Ministers, to the great contempt of re m' erce, and having represented to her the
ligion , had their houses robbed , and were
mightlie persew'd fortheirlives, in all the open reprehensions and railiries of the
western shires ; so that they were forced to
people,received no other answer than that
her vertue was above suspition : as indeed
keep guards, which exhausted theirsti. it was ; shebeing a personewhose religion
pends, and abstracted themselves from their exceeded as farherwit, as her parts exceeds
employments : And albeit these shyres pre edothers of her sex.”
tended that this was done by highwaymen ,
who sheltered their insolencies under the Bishop Burnet afterwards married
pretext of religion, calling themselves pres. this noblewoman, and detached her
byterians, and inveighing against thepoor from her former religious connexions.
ministers, whom they robb’d, in the lan . From the manner in which some of
guage of thatsort ;yetit
that theseinsolencies were wasconcluded, to pthis
committed by the resbyterianwritershave adverted
alliance, it would seem that they
those of that persuasion who were known to were as much displeased with Dr Bur
think that all injuries done to Episcopall net, for deprivingthem of their accom
ministers were so many acceptable services
done to God ; and it was most probable, plished patroness, as on account of the
that the same zeall which carried them on controversial writings which he puba
to plunder, imprisone, andexecute, all such lished against them .-- Burnet is no fa
as differed from them in thelast rebellion, vourite with Sir George Mackenzie,
and to shoot at the Bishop of St Andrewes who has treated his character with se
upon the street, might incite them to great verity in the course of the history.
outrages, when they were countenanced, as I shall only add another fact men
they thought, by when
silence of night, authoritie, and under
they might hope the
for tioned in theMS. and which I do not
impunitie : Nor was ever the west countrie recollect to have seen elsewhere. Pre
known to be infected with robbers at other vious to 1677, it was customary for the
occasions;so that they were connivers at Lord Advocate to give his vote, along
least in these crimes, and therefor deserv'd with the Judges, on causes in which
to be fyn’d upon suchoccasions. Thesemo. he was the prosecutor. The passage
tives induc'd the parliament to agree unani. which states this can afterwards be
mouslie
were pastto hisGrace
this act, and how them
toucht soon both acts
immedie sent to you, if any of your readers have
atlie with the sceptre. " a desire to see it.
I am not altogether without hopes ,
zeal" Yet (adds Sir George) all this outward
for Episcopacie could never prevaill that the publication of this letter may
with the bishops to believe Lauderdale their lead to the discovery of that part of Sir
friend ; nor were the leading Presbyterians George Mackenzie's history which I do
not possess. And I cannot conclude,
terrified at these as marks of his disesteem ;
because fanatickswere advanc'd to all places without expressing my earnest desire,
oftrust,andthe friends and servands of the that individuals who may have in their
grandees
as (who could not atdissemble
theirmasters)laugh'd so well possession manuscripts relating to our
Episcopacieand
the malignant partymaster's there any surer
; nor isinclinations,than national history, would , through the
mark to know the channel of your miscellany, impart a
by considering whom he enploys, and what knowledge of them to the public. I
these speak .” am , & c. THO . M‘CRIE .
The Duchessof Hamilton, and Lady Edinburgh, 12th June 1817 .
1
 Original Poetry.
1817. ]
ORIGINAL POETRY.
SONNET TO THE YEW- TREE .
( By the late Dr John Leyden .)
WHENFortune smiled , and Nature's charms
were new ,
I loved to see the oak majestic tower,
I loved to see the apple's painted flower, That decked the cliff in elusters free ,
Bedropt with penciled tints of rosy hue :
Now
Whosemore
stillI green
love thee,
leavesmelancholy Yew ,
in solemnsilence Though hid like her in shady nook,
wave
Above the peasant's rude unhonour'd grave, The
Whichoft thoumoisten’st with the morning The Blush-Rose breathed her tendersigh,
dew .
To thee
They thee the
sad tobeneath
restthein peace thyweary
sacredflygloom
Thou sole companion of thelonely tomb ;
No leaves but thine in pity o'er them sigh :
Lo ! now to Fancy's gaze thou seem'st to
spread
Thy shadowy boughs, to shroud me with
the dead .
THE WREATH .
I SOUGHT the garden's gay parterre
To cull a wreath for Mary's hair,
And thought I surely here might find
Some Emblem of her lovely mind ,
Where Taste displaysthe varied bloom
Of Flora's beauteous drawing - room .
And , first, of peerless form and hue,
The stately Lily caughtmy view ,
Fair bending from her graceful stem
Like Queen with regal diadem :
But though I viewed her withdelight,
She seemed too much to woo the sight-
A fashionable belle - to shine
In some more courtly wreath than mine.
I turned and saw a tempting row
of flaunting Tulips full in blow
But left them with their gaudy dyes
To Nature's beaux -- the butterflies .
Bewildered 'mid a thousand hues
Still harder grew the task to choose :
Here delicate Carnations bent
Their heads in lovelylanguishment,
Much as a pensive Miss expresses,
With neck declined , her soft distresses
There, gay Jonquillesinfoppish pride
Stood bythe Painted -Lady's side,
And Hollyhocks superbly tall
Beside the Crown - Imperial :
But still midst all this gorgeous glow
Seemed less of sweetness than of shew ;
While close beside in warning grew
The allegoric Thyme and Rue.
There , too , stood that fair-weather Flower
Which , faithful still in sunshine hour,
With fervent adoration turns
Its breast where golden Phæbus burns
Base symbol ( which I scorn'd to lift)
Of friends that change as fortunes shift.
VOL. J.
277
Tired of the search I bent my way
Where *****'s lonely waters stray,
And from the wild -flowers of the grove
I framed a garland for my love :
The slendercirclet first to twine
Iplucked the rambling Eglantine,
As sportive and assweet as she :
I stole the Violet from the brook ,
And wove it with the Mountain - Thyme
Myrtle of our stormy clime :
The Hare -bell looked like Mary's eye,
And Daisies , bathed in dew , exprest
; , Her innocent andgentlebreast.
And, now , my Mary's brow to braid
This chaplet in her bower is laid
A fragrant Emblem fresh and wild
Of simple Nature's sweetest child .
SONG.
Maid ofmyheart- a long farewell !
The bark is launched , the billows swell ,
And the vernal gales are blowing free
To bear me far from love and thee !
I hate Ambition's haughtyname,
And the heartless prideof Wealth and Fame,
Yet now I haste through Ocean's roar
To woo them on a distant shore.
Can pain or peril bring relief
To him who bears a darker grief ?
Can absence calm this feverish thrill ?
-Ah , no !-for thou wilt haunt me still !
Thy artless grace, thy opentruth ,
Thy form , that breathed of love and youth ,
Thy voice, by Nature framed to suit
The tone of Love's enchanted lute !
Thy dimpling cheek and deep -blueeye ,
Where tender thought and feeling lie !
Thine eye- lid like the evening cloud
That comes the star of love to shroud !
Each witchery of soul and sense ,
Enshrined inangel innocence,
Combined to frame the fatal spell—
That blestand broke my heart ! Farewell.
THE BURIAL OF SIR JOHN MOORE,*
Who fell at the Battle of Corunna, in 1808.
Not a drum was heard , nor a funeral note,
As his corse to the rampart we hurried ;
Not a soldier discharged his farewell shot
O'er the grave where our hero we buried .
* This little poem first appeared in some
of the newspapers a few days ago. It is too
beautiful not to deserve preservation in a
cafer repository ; and we have accordingly
inserted it among our original pieces. ED.
2 N
 278 Original Poetry. [ June
We buried him darkly at dead of night, Yet, Lina ! hadst thou marked , when there
The sods with our bayonets turning, The lowly weed enrobed the Fair ,
By the struggling moon -beam's misty light, What nameless charms_what graces new
And the lantern dimly burning. Its chastened lustre round her threw ,
No useless coffin enclosed his breast, While, all around , the Flowers were seen
thou dsttohavedoff'd
Do homage
Nor in sheet nor in shroud we bound him , O! Queen
the Rose's that robe: of pride,
But he lay like a warrior takinghis rest, Those sparkling gems have cast aside ,
With his martial cloak around him .
And simply decked as Nature bade,
Few and short were the prayers we said , Scorned Fashion's worsethan uselesaid !
And we spoke not aword of sorrow ,
But we stedfastly gazed on the face of the The following is a literal translation of
dead , the prose original, of which the above lines
And we bitterly thought of the morrow . area paraphrastical imitation. The reader
its taste
We thought, as we hallowed hisnarrow bed , of wille readily
admirabl feely ishow
simplicit very superior
to thecompara
And smoothed down his lonely pillow , of the translation ,
That the foe and the stranger would tread tively ornate style
o'er his head
,
And we far away on the billow . THE Angel who watches over Flowers ,
and in the still night waters them with dew ,
Lightly they'll talk of the spirit that's gone, one day of Springwas sleeping in the shade
And o'er his cold ashes upbraid him , of a Rose -bush .
Bat nothing he'll reck,if they let him sleep hesaidAnd when
:“ he Loveliest with children
awoke,ofmy friendly look
! I
on
In the grave where a Briton has laid him . thank thee for thy refreshingfragrance and
thy cooling shade. Wouldst thou now
But half of our heavy task was done, aught for thyself request, how willingly
When the clock tolled the hour for re- would I grant it ! ”
tiring ; " Then , adorn me with a new grace ” .
And we heard by the distantand random gun , thereupon entreated the Spiritof the Rose
That the foe was suddenly firing. bush . And the Flower-Angel attired the
Slowly and sadly we laid him down, fairest of Flowers in simple Moss. Lovely
From the field of his fame fresh and gory : stood she then in modest weeds the Moss
We carved not a line, we raised not a stone, Rose the fairest of her kind.
But we left him alone with his glory. Fair Lina ! leave the gaudy attire and the
glittering jewels, and follow the monitions
of maternal nature.
Krummacher's " Parabeln . ”
J. F.
THE MOSS ROSE .

( From the German of Krummacher . ) THE TWO GRAVES .

EREWHILE , in Orient's sunny clime, ( From the German of Klopstock . )

When earth-born things were yet in prime, ' Whose is this lonely grave ?
Nor guilt the golden bands had riven 66

That linked in peace the earth to heaven ,
The Angel-Sprite, whose bounded powers
Are given to tend the tribes ofFlowers ,
Each leaf at eve with balm bedewing,
At morn each faded charm renewing ,
One noon , on Spring's first petals laid ,
Had couched him in the Rose - tree's shade.
Refreshed arion he raised his head,
And smiling to the Rose -tree said :
“ My loveliest child, my darling Rose !
Accept the thanks thy father owes :
Thanks for thy fragrance freelyshed
From ruby cup around my head ,
Thanksfor thy cool-reviving, shade ,
Whileslumbering in thy shelter laid !
O ask whate'er the boon'tis thine ;
The joy to grant the boon be mine."
“Then o'ermyform new beauties shed ” .
At once the Rose- tree's spirit said.
And lo ! ere scarce the words have birth ,
From fragrantwreathsslow - struggling forth, But thytears be tears of blood !
The loveliest Flower with Moss is braided - For we died in vain for the land
The humblest weed her branches shaded !
Stranger ! ' tis Rochefoucault's. ”
Who sleeps beneath this fairer sod ?
“ Cordé sleeps. "
I go I gather the breathing flowers,
To strew them round on yourgraves :
For ye died for your fathers ' land !
* Gather them not .”
I go plant the bending willow
To weep and wave o'er your grassy bed :
For ye died for your fathers’ ſand !
* Plant it not !
" But soon as thou canst weep,
( For we mark in that look of woe,
Kind stranger,
That yet thou canst not weeps)
“ Turn thee then - turn back to our lonely
graves ,
And weep !
of our fa .
thers. " B.
1817. ] Review .- Lalla Rookh . 279

REVIEW OF NEW PUBLICATIONS,

Lalla Rookh. An Oriental Romance. ductions sometimes breathe and glow

By THOMAS MOORE. 4to. Lon- with genuine feeling and passion, and
don, Longman and Co., 1817. often exhibit harmless and amusing
flights of capricious fancy, they are so
Mr Moore is, beyond all comparison, fatally infected with a spirit to which
the most ingenious, brilliant, and fan- we can give no other name than licen
ciful Poet of the present age. His ex ,tiousness, and which is incompatible
ternal senses seem more delicate and with that elevation and dignity of mo
acute than those of other men ; and ral sentiment essential to the very ex
thus perceptions and sensations crowd istence of real poetry.
in upon him from every quarter, ap . But though he was thus early led
parently independent of volition , and astray, he soon began to feel how mean
with all thevehemence and vivacity and how unworthy were even the
of instinct. He possesses the poetical highest triumphs won in such a field ,
temperament to excess, and his mind and to pant for nobler achievements.
seems always in a state of pleasure, Even in his most unguarded and in
gladness , and delight, even without defensible productions, his ideas were
the aid of imagination , and by means too bright, sparkling , fugitive , and
merely of the constant succession and aerial, to become the slavish ministers
accumulation of feelings, sentiments, of sensuality . His mind was unduly
and images. The real objects of our inflamed , but it was not corrupted .
every -day world tohiseyes glow with The vital spirit of virtue yet burned
all the splendour of a dream ,and even strong in his soul- its flame soon be
during the noon of manhood, he be- gan to glow with less wavering lustre,
holds, in all the works of creation, that and with manifest aspiration to its na
fresh and unimpaired novelty which tive heaven . The errors and aberra
forms the glory a , nd so rarely survives tions of his youthful genius seemed
the morning of life. Along with this forgotten by his soul, as it continued
extreme delicacy and finenessof orga- to advance through a nobler and purer
nization , he possesses an ever- active region ; and it is long since MrMoore
and creative fancy, which at all times hasredeemed himself - nobly redeem
commands the whole range of his pre- ed himself, and become the eloquent
viously -acquired images, and sudden- and inspiredchampion of virtue, liber
ly, asat the waving of a magic -wand, ty, and truth .
calls them up into life and animation. There can indeed be no greater mis
Feeling and Fancy therefore are the take, than to consider this Poet, since
distinguishing attributes of his poeti- his genius has ripened and come to
cal character ; yet heis far from being maturity , as a person merely full of
unendowed with loftier qualities, and conceits, ingenuity, and facetiousness.
he occasionally exhibits a strength of Many of his songs are glorious compo
Intellect, anda power of Imagination, sitions, and will be immortal. What
which raise him above thatclass of ever is wild, impassioned, chivalrous,
writers to which he might otherwise and romantic, in the history of his
seem to belong, and place him trium- country, andthe character of his coun
phantly by the side of our greatest trymen, he has touched with a pencil
Poets. of light - nor is it too high praise to
With this warmth of temperament, say to him that he is the Burns of
exceeding even the ordinary vivacity Ireland. True, that he rarely exbibits
of the Irish national character , and that intense strength and simplicity of
with a fancy so lively and volatile, it emotion by which some of the best
behoved MrMoore, when first starting songs of our great national Poet carry
as a poet in early life, to be cautious themselves, like music from heaven, in
in the choice both of his models and to the depths of our soul- but when
his subjects. In both he was most un- ever imagination requires and asks the
fortunate ; and every lover of virtue aid of her sister fancy -- whenever ge
must lament, that while his first pro- nerous and lofty sensibilities, to the
280 Review.Lalla Rookh. [ June
glory and triumph of human nature, in which we are prepared tomeet with ,
display themselves in the concentration and toenjoy, a certain lawless luxuri
of patriotism or devotion, thenthe ance of imagery, and to tolerate a cere
genius of Moore expands and kindles, tain rhapsodical wildness of sentiment
and his strains are nobly and divinely and passion.
lyrical. If Burns surpass him in sim- There is considerable elegance,
plicity andpathos — as certainly does grace , and ingenuity, in the contrive
hesurpass Burns in richness of fancy ance, by which the four Poems that
in variety of illustration - in beauty compose the volume are introduced
of language in melody of verse-- and to the reader. They are supposed to
above all, in thatpolished unity, and be recited by a young poet,to enliven
completeness of thought and expres- the evening hours of Lalla Rookh ,
sion , so essential in all lyrical compo- daughter of the Emperor of Delhi,
sition, and more particularly so in who is proceeding in great state and
songs, which, being short, are neces- magnificence to Bucharia to meet her
sarily disfigured by the smallest viola- destined husband, the monarch of that
tion of language,the smallest dimness, kingdom . Ofcourse, theprincess and
weakness, or confusion inthe thought, the poet fall desperately in love with
image, sentiment, or passion. each other - and Lalla looks forward
Entertaining the opinion which we with despair to her interview with her
have now imperfectly expressed of Mr intendedhusband. But perhaps most
Moore's poetical character, we opened novel readerswill beprepared for the
Lalla Rookh with confident expecta- denouement better than the simple
tions of finding beauty in every page ; minded Lalla Rookh, and will not,
and we have not been disappointed. like her, be startled tofind, that Fera
He has, by accurate and extensive read- morz the poet, and Aliris the king,are
ing, imbued his mind with so familiar one and the same personage. All that
a knowledge of eastern scenery — that relates to Lalla Rookh and her royal
we feel as if we were reading the poe- and poetical lover, is in prose - but
try of one of the children of the Sun. prose ofso flowery a kind that it yields
No European image ever breaks or no relief to the mind, if worn out or
steals in to destroy the illusion every wearied by the poetry. Neither do
tone, and hue, and form , is purely and we think Fadladeen, that old musty
intensely Asiatic - and the language, Mahomedan critic, in any way amus
faces, forms,dresses,mien, sentiments, ing - though he sometimes hits upon
passions, actions, andcharacters of the objections to the poetry of Feramorz,
different agents, are all congenial with
which it might not be very easy to
the flowery earth they inhabit, and answer. Can it be, that a man of ge
the burning sky that glows over their nius like Mr Moore is afraid of criti
heads. That proneness to excessive cism, and seeks to disarm itby, antici
ornament, which seldom allows Mr pation ? But let us turn to the poetry.
Moore to be perfectly simple and natu- The first poem is entitled, “* The
ral-- thatblending offanciful and tran- Veiled Prophet of Khorassan .” It
sient feelings, with bursts of real pas- opens thus :
sion -- that almost bacchanalian rapture
with which he revels, amid the beau- “ In that delightful Province of the Sun ,
ties of external nature , till his senses The first of Persian lands he shines upon ,
Where all the loveliest children of his beam ,
seem lost in a vague and indefinite en
Flowrets and fruits blush over every stream ,
joyment, that capricious and wayward And, fairest of all streams, theMurga roves
ambition which often urges him to Among Merou'st bright palaces and
make his advances to our hearts, ra groves ;
ther by the sinuousandblooming bye- There, on that throne, to which the blind
ways and lanes of the fancy, than by belief
the magnificent and royal road of the Of millions rais'd him , sat the Prophet-chief,
imagination — that fondness for the de- The Great Mokanna. O’er his features hung
lineation of female beauty and power, The Veil, the Silver Veil, which he had
which often approaches to extravagan flung
cy and idolatry, but at the same time
is rarely unaccompanied by a most fas * Khorassan signifies, in the old Persian
cinating tenderness - in short, all the language,Province, or Region of the Sun.
peculiarities of his genius adapt him SIR W. JONES.
for the composition ofan Oriental Tale, + One of the Royal Cities of Khorassan.
 Review . - Lalla Rookh. 281
1817. )
In mercythere, to hide from mortal sight shut themselves up in a fortress. Mo
His dazzling brow , till man could bear the kanna, finding farther resistance in
light. vain , poisons all his troops— and after
For, far less luminous, his votaries said , venting his rage, hatred, and con
Were ev'n the gleams, miraculously shed tempt on Zelica, leaps into a cistern of
O'er Mousa's cheek , when down the mount
he trod , the presence of his God ! ”
suchpotent poison, that his body is
All glowingfrom dissolved in a moment. Zelica covers
herself with the Silver Veil, and Azim,
This Mokanna is an Impostor, who leading the storming party, mistakes
worksup the enthusiasmof hisfol- herfor Mokanna,and kills her.
lowers by the assumption of a divine We could presentour readers with
character and whose ostensible object many passages oftenderness and beauty
is the destruction of all false religions, from thissingular poem ; but as we
and every kind of tyranny and des shall have occasion to quote some
potism . When these glorious objects stanzas of thatcharacter from “ Para
are attained h
, e is then to throw aside diseandthePeri,” we shall confine
his SilverVeil,and admit the ennobled ourselves totwoextracts,inwhich Mr
souls of men to gaze upon his re Moore has successfully attempted a
fulgent visage. In reality, however, kindof compositionnew to him ; the
he is a Being of a fiendish and de one describing the armament of the
moniac
and
nature, hating God and man, Caliphas he marched against the Im
that burning
he may fortrample
power upon
and empire,
human postor, and the other, the last fatal
feast, at which Mokanna poisons the
nature with derision, mockery, and adherentsofhisfallenfortunes.
outrage , and thus insult and blas
“ Whose are the gilded tents that crown
pheme the Eternal. The dominion the way ,
which he exercises over his supersti- Whereall was waste and silent yesterday ?
tious proselytes — the successful pro- This City of War, which, in a few short
gress of his career - his lofty,wild,and hours,
mysterious doctrinesthe splendour of Hathsprungup here, as ifthe magic powers
his kingly state— the gorgeous magni- ofHim who, inthe twinkling of a star,
ficence ofhis array therichmoresque- Builtthehigh pillared hallsofChilminar,*
--
Had conjured
worldof up,
tentsfar, anddomes,
as the eye can
andsee,sun
work ofhis Haram - and thebeauties This
from a hundred realms which it en. bright armory !
closes are all described with great Princelypavilions, screened by many a fold
power and effect, though not unfre- Of crimson cloth, and topped with balls of
quently with no little extravaganceand gold ;
exaggeration . In his Haram is Zeli. Steeds, with their housings of rich silver
ca , the heroine of the poem , whom the spun ,
supposed deathof her lover Azim has their chains and poitrels glittering in the
sun ;
driven intoworks
kannaso a kindupon
of insanity. Mo And camels,tufted o’er with Yemen'sshells,
the phrenzied
Shaking in every breeze their light-toned
enthusiasm of her disordered mind, as bells !
to convince her, that before she can But yester-eve, so motionless around ,
enter into heaven , she must renounce So mute was this wide plain, that notasound
her oaths of fidelity to Azim, and bind But the far torrent, orthe locust-birdt
herself for ever on the earth to him , Hunting among the thickets, could be
heard ;
the Imposto r He conducts her into a
charnel -vault,. and there, surrounded Yet, hark ! what discords now of every
kind ,
with oath,
fatal the ghastly dead,
andseals it byshea draughtof
takes the Shouts,laughs,and screams, are swelling
in the wind !
human blood. Meanwhile, Azim re
turns from foreign war , and joins the * 66 The edifices of Chilminar and Balbec
banners of the Impostor. Hethen dis are supposed to have been built by the
covers the wicked arts of Mokanna, Genii, acting under the orders of Jan Ben
and the ruin of Zelica - abandons the Jan, who governed the world long before
Silver Veil - joins the armyof the Ca- the timeof Adam .”
liph , and routs the Prophet- chief in of “ A native of Khorassan , and allured
various battles, till he forces him and southward by means of the water of a foun
his remaining infatuated followers to tain between Shiraz andIspahan,called the
Fountain of the Birds, of which it is so fond,
that it will follow wherever that water is
* Moses carried . ”
282 Review.Lalla Rookh. [ June
The neigh ot cavalry ;-thetinkling throngs She saw the board in splendid mockery
Of laden camels, and their driver's songs ; spread ,
Ringing of arms, and flappingin the breeze Richhecensers breathing,—garlands over
Of streamers from ten thousand canopies : ad ,
War-music, bursting out from time to time, The urns, the cups from which they late
With gong and tymbolon's tremendous had quaffed ,
chime ; All gold and gems, but what had been
Or, in the pause, when harsher sounds are the draught?
mute , Oh ! who need ask , that saw those livid
The mellow breathings of some horn or guests ,
flute, With their swollen heads sunk blackening
That, faroff, broken by the eagle note on their breasts,
Of the Abyssinian trumpet, " swell and Or looking pale to Heaven with glassy glare,
float! " As if theysought, but saw no mercy there ;
As if they felt, though poison racked them
Ifthis be splendid andmagnificent, through ,
the following is no less wild and ter- Remorse thedeadlier torment of the two !
rible. While some, the bravest, hardiest in the
train
56. ' Twas more than midnight now ,ma Of their false Chief, who on the battle -plain
fearful pause Would have met death with transport by
Had followed the long shouts, the wild ap . his side,
plause, Here mute and helpless gasped ; ~--but as
That lately from those Royal Gardens burst, they died ,
Where the Veiled Demon held his feast ac- Looked horrible vengeance with their eyes'
curst , last strain ,
When Zelica - alas, poor ruin'd heart, And clenched the slackening hand at him
In every horror doom'd to bear its part ! in vain .
Was bidden to the banquet by a slave, Dreadful it was to see the ghastly stare ,
Who, while his quivering lipthe summons The stony look of horror and despair,
gave , Which some of these expiring victims cast 1

Grew black , as though the shadows of Upon their soul's tormentor to the last ;
the grave Upon that mocking Fiend , whose Veil now
Compassed him round, and, ere he could raised ,
repeat Show'd them , as in death's agony they
His message through , fell lifeless at her gazed ,
feet ! Not the long promised light, the brow,
Shuddering whose beaming
fear, she went a soul-felt pang of Was to come forth , all conquering, all re
A presage that her own darkdoom was near, deeming,
Roused every feeling, and brought Reason But features horribler than Hell e'er traced
back On its own brood - no Demon of the Waste ,
Once more, to writhe her last upon the rack. No church -yard Ghole, caught lingering in
All round seemed tranquil ; even the foe the light
had ceased , Of the blessed sun , ere blasted human sight
As if aware of that demoniac feast, With lineaments so foul, so fierce, as those
His fiery bolts ; and though the heavens Th’Impostor
looked red shows.
now in grinning mockery
,
' Twas but some distant conflagration's • There, ye wise Saints, behold your Light,
spread. your Star
But, hark !-- she stops - she listens- dread- Ye would be dupes and I,victims
, and ye are ,
while a thrill
ful tone ! Is it enough ? or must
'Tis her Tormentor's laugh - and now a Lives in your sapient bosoms, cheat you
groan , still ?
A long death.groan , comes with it can Swear that the burningdeath you feelwithin
this be Is but a trance, with which heaven's joys
The place of mirth , the bower of revelry ? begin ;
She enters Holy Alla ! what a sight That this foul visage, foul as e'er disgrac'd
Was there
light
before her ! By the glimmering Even monstrou
taste ;
s man, is_after God's own
Of thepale dawn , mixed with the flame of
brands * * The Afghauns believe each of the
That roundlay burning, dropped from life- numerous solitudes and deserts of their
less hands, country to be inhabited by a lonely demon ,
whom they call the Ghoolee Beeabau , or
Spirit of the Waste. They often illustrate
* “ This trumpet is often called in Abys- the wildness of any sequestered tribe, by
sinia, nessercano , which signifies the note saying, they are wild as the Demon of the
of the eagle ."-Note of Bruce's Editor. Waste ." - Elphinstone's Caubul.
1817. ) Review .-- Lalla Rookh . 283
And that but see ! ere I have half-way Thrones have been overturned , and
said altars demolished , by men starting
My greetings through, th ’ uncourteous souls suddenly up in all the power ofsavage
are fled. and every realm has had
Farewell,sweet spirits! not in vain ye die, enthusiasm;
its Prophets and Impostors, its Con
asI.
If Eblis loves you half so well
Ha, my young bride ! 'tis well - take querors and Kings. The display, in
thou thy seat ; deed, of successful imposture in po
Nay, come no shuddering didst thou litics or religion has not been confined
never meet to the kingdoms of the East ; but
The Dead before !—they graced our wed- there it has assumed the wildest and
ding , sweet, most extravagant form - has sprung
And these my guests to -night have brimmed from , and been supported by, the
so true
strongest overthrown
passionsandruined
Their partingcups
one too .
, that thou shalt pledge mentably , has ,and
most la
de
But- howisthis ? -all empty ? all drunk graded, the characterofman .
up ? Different, indeed , as the situations
Hot lips have been before thee in the cup, in which Mokanna is placed are to
Youngbride- yet stay - one precious drop those of another fictitious personage,
remains, there is, notwithstanding, a striking
Enough to warm a gentle Priestess' veins !
similarity in their characters, and in
Here , drink and should thy lover's con- the causes to which the formation of
quering arms that character is attributed - we mean
Speed hither, ere thy liploseall itscharms, the Black Dwarf. He comes deformed
Give him but half this venom in thy kiss,
And I'llforgive my haughty rival's bliss. " intothe world ; the injury, scorn,
misfortunes, and miseries, which that
From this very general outline of deformity brings upon him , distort
thestory,and fromthese extracts, our his feelings and his reason - inspire
readers will perceive that this singu- him with a malignant hatred of his
lar Poem abounds in striking, though kind, and a sullen disbelief in the
somewhat extravagant, situations, in- goodness of Providence. So far he
cidents, and characters. There is bears a general resemblance to Mo
somethingveryfine in the Vision of kanna. Butthe Black Dwarf is the
the SilverVeilfloating ever in the van inhabitant of a lonely cottage on a
of battle, and in the unquaking and lonely moor ; his lifeis past in a hi
invincible faith of the Believers in the deous solitude ; the few persons who
mysterious Being whose glories it is come in contact with him are low or
supposed to shroud . The wildness ordinary mortals ; his hatred of his
and madness of religious fanaticism kind is sullenly passive, or active only
entempests and tumultuates the whole in bursts of passion, of which man,
Poem ; and perhaps that fanaticism rather than men, is the uninjured ob
strikes us with more mournful and ject ; while the darkness of his soul
melancholy awe, from the wickedness is occasionally enlightened by transient
of him who inspires it,and who re- gleams of pity , tenderness, penitence,
joicingly awakens both the good and and remorse. But Mokanna starts up
bad passions of man, to delude, to from the unknown region of his birth,
mock , and destroy him . at once a Prophet and a Conqueror ; he
The character of Mokanna is, we is for ever surrounded with power and
think, originally and vigorously con- majesty ; and the " Silver Veil” may
ceived , though perhaps its formation be supposed to be the shrine of incar
is attributed too exclusively to the nate Deity. His hatred of man , and
gnawing sense of his hideous deformity horror ofhimself, urge him to destroy.
of countenance . But this is an Eastern He is the Evil Spirit ; nor is he satis
tale; and in all the fictions of the East, fied with bloodshed, though it drench
whether they regard characters or a whole land, unless he can also ruin
events, nature is described only in her the soul, and create wickedness out of
extravagancies. Nor does this proceed misery. Which of these characters is
solely from the wayward imagination the most impressive, we shall not de
of Eastern genius ; for the history of cide. They are both natural ; that is
those mighty kingdoms exhibits the to say, we can conceive them to exist
wonderful career of many a wild and in nature. Perhaps greater power of
fantastic spirit, many a dream -like genius was required to dignify and
change, many a mysterious revolution. impart a character of sublimity to t ?
284 Review .- Lalla Rookh. [ June
wretched and miserable Dwarf, in the And asshe listen'dto the Springs
stone hut of his own building, than Of Life within , like music flowing:
to Mokanna, beneath his Silver Veil, And caught the light upon her wings,
and in his Palace ofPorphyry: Through the half-open portal glowing ,
The character of Zelica is, in many She wept, to have
Shouldeer recreant
herthat
thinklost raceplace. "
glorious
places, touched with great delicacy The angelwho keeps the gates of
and beauty, but it is very dimly con light then tells the Peri the condi.
ceived, and neither vigorously nor con tions on which she may be re -admit
sistently executed. The progress of ted into Paradise .
that mental malady, which ultimately " o " Tis written in the Book of Fate,
throws her into the power of the im THE PERI YET MAY BE FORGIVEN
postor, is confusedlytraced ; and very WHO BRINGS TO THIS ETERNAL GATE
frequently philosophical observations THE GIFT THAT IS MOST DEAR TO
and physical facts on the subject of HEAV'N !
insanity , are given in the most unim- Go, seek it, and redeem thy sin ;
passioned and heavy language, when ' Tis sweet to let the Pardon d in . ”
the Poet's mind should have been en- , The Peri then flies away in quest of
tirely engrossed with the case of the this gift, and in a field of battle be
individual before him . For a long holds a glorious youth slain, when en
time we cannot tell whether Mokanna deavouring to destroy the invader of
has affected her utter ruin or not, Mr hiscountry. She carries to the gates
Moore having the weakness to conceal of Paradise a drop of blood from his
that, of which the distinct knowledge heroic heart ; but,
is absolutely necessary to the under " Sweet,' said the Angel, as she gave,
standing of the poem . There is also a The gift into his radiant hand,
• Sweetis our welcome of the Brave
good deal of trickery in the exhibition
Who
he makes of this lady's mental de. But see died
alasthus for crystal
!-the their native
bar land .
rangement. Whether shebe in the OfEden moves not ;-holier far
Haram , the gardens of the Haram , the Than ev'n this drop the boon must be, age,
charnel-house, or the ramparts of a for . That opes the gates of heav'n for thee !"."
tress, she is always in some uncommon Once more the Peri wings her flight ,
attitude, or some extraordinary scene. to earth, and, after bathing her plus
At one time she is mad, and at another mage in the fountains of the Nile,
she is perfectly in her senses ; and of- floats over the grots, the balmy groves,
ten , while we are wondering at her and the royal sepulchres of Egypt, till
unexpected appearance, she is out of at length she alights in thevale of
sight in a moment, and leaves us al. Rozetta, neartheazure calm of the
most as much bewildered as herself. Lake of Mæris. This beautiful scene
On the whole, her character is a faile is devastated by the plague, and
ure .
“ Just then , beneath some orange trees , -
Of Azim we could say much, if it Whose fruit and blossoms in the breeze
were not that the situations in which werewantoning together, free A

he is placed sostrongly remind us of Like ageat play with infancy,

Lord Byron's heroes. There is no- Beneath that fresh and springing bower.
thing like plagiarism or servile imita Close by the Lake, she heard the moan
tion about Mr Moore, but the cur Of one who, at this silent hour,
rent of Had thither stolen to die alone ;
into thehis thoughts
more hasone
powerful beenof drawn
Lord Onewho, in life, where'er hemoved
now ,after
Byron's mind ; and, except that Azim YetDrew him the hearts of many ; : 1
as though he ne'erwasloved , A
is represented as a man of good prin Dies here-- unseen , unwept, by any ! " - A
ciples, he looks, speaks, and acts, exactly But he is not left alone to die.fr
in the style of those energetic heroes “ But see - who yonder comes by stealth ,
who have already so firmlyestablished This melancholy bower to seek ,
themselves in the favour of the public. Like a young envoy, sent by Health , I
We confess, therefore, that we have With rosy gifts upon her cheek !
not felt for him the interest due to ' Tis she- faroff, through moonlight dim ,
He knew his own betrothed bride ;
his youth , beauty , valour, misfortunes, She, who would rather die with him,
and death .
Than live to gain the world beside !
The next poem is entitled, “ Para Her arms are found her lover now ,
dise and the Peri.” It opens thus : His livid cheek to her's she presses , kas
6 One morn , a Peři at the gate And dips, to bind his burning brow , * *
Of Eden stool, disconsolate ; In the cool lake, her loosen'd tresses. "
 1817. ) Review.Lalla Rookh. 285
The lovers die in each others arms, Nor found one sunny resting-place ,
and the Peri carries up to paradise the Nor brought him back one branch ofgrace !
farewell sigh breathed by the devoted was a time, ” he said , in mild
“ There
maid . The reader of this part of the Heart-humbled tones- " thou blessed child !
When
I lookedyoung and haply
and prayed pure asbut
likethee- thounow
, ”
poem will not fail to observe a most
striking similarity in the description of He hung bis head_each nobleraim ,
the death of these lovers, to the death And hope, and feeling, which had slept
of Frankfort and Magdalene, in Mr From boyhood's hour, that instant cảme
Wilson's “City of thePlague,” which Fresh o'er him , and he wepthe wept ! "
indeed Mr Moore himself notices, with
high commendation of the corresponde The Peri carries a tear of penitence
ing passage. A coincidence so strike to Paradise --the gates unfold and
ing, and yet so entirely accidental, may the angel welcomes her into eternal
serve to shew the folly of those critics bliss.
who are for ever raising the cry of We think this poem , on the whole,
plagiarism , and who cannot conceive the most beautiful and characteris
the souls of two poets affected by the tic of all Mr Moore'scompositions.
breath ofthe same inspiration . --But Though wild and fanciful, it every
even this holy sigh failsto win admit- where makes an appeal to the heart;
tance to thePeri,who, once more wing- and we can allow the flight of a Peri
ing her way to the Holy Land, floats to be described with more gorgeous
through the dying sunshine hat and brilliant colouring, than the real
bathes Mount Lebanon, and, circling or imaginary travels of an ordinary
the ruins of the Temple of the Sun at mortal . Accordingly, the ornamental
Balbec, alights beneath the shadow of and descriptive parts, though long and
its ruined columns. Here she sees a . protracted, never weary, and we will
beautiful child atplay among the rosy ingly resign ourselves up to a delight
wild - flowers, while a man of a fierce ful dream . It might not perhaps have
and savage aspect dismounts from his been in Mr Moore's power to have
steed, in all the perturbation of guilt opened the gate of the dungeon - soul
and remorse . of guilt, and brought into our ears all
the terrible sounds that disturb its
“ Yet tranquil now , that man of crime haunted darkness. He has followed
As if the balmy eveningtime
(Softened
his spirit) looked, and lay a safer 'course, and confined himself
Watching therosy infant's play : rather to the outward signs of remorse
Though still, whene'er his eyeby chance than its inward agonies. There is
Fell on the boy's, its lurid glance thereforenothing inthis tale that can
Met that unclouded joyous gaze, entitle Mr Moore to be classed with
As torches, that have burned all night those Poets who have penetratedinto
Through some impure and godlessrite, the deepest and darkestrecesses of the
Encounter morning's glorious rays.
"But, hark ! the vesper-call to prayer, soul ; but there is much in it to ren
As slow theorb of day-light sets, der him worthy of taking his place au
Is rising sweetly on the air , mong the best of those whose genius
From SYRIA's thousand minarets ! has breathed a new beauty over inno
The boy has started from the bed cence and virtue.
Of flowers where he had laid his head, We shall give our readers an ac
And down upon the fragrantsod count, in our next Number, of the
Kneels, with his forehead to the south ,
Lisping the eternal nameof God two remaining poems, the “ Fire Wor ,
From purity's own cherub mouth , shippers," and the “ Light of the
And looking, while his hands and eyes Haram .” We may perhaps then speak
Are lifted tothe glowing skies, a little more at length of Mr Moore's
Like a stray babe of Paradise, faults, which we indistinctly feel to
Just lighted on thatflowery plain , be numerous, and blended, we fear
And seeking for its home again ! incurably, with his merits. But we
Oh, 'twasasight— that Heaven - that Child wished , at present, to give those of
A scene, which mighthave well beguild our readers who have not seen the vo
Ev'n haughty EBLIs of a sigh
For glories past, and peace gone by ! lumean idea of its general character ;
Andhow felt he, the wretched man, and this, we hope, we have done more
Reclining there while memory ran effectually by the meansnow pursued ,
O'er many a year of guilt and strife, than if we had indulged ourselves in
Flew o'er the dark flood of his life, minute and captious criticism .
VOL . I. 20
286 Review . - Irving's Life of Buchanan. [ June
Memoirs of the Life and Writings was a part of the half-yearly payment
of George Buchanan. By DAVID of that pension. As for the finer
IRVING, LL.D. The Second Edi- shades of his personal character, we
tion. 8vo. pp. 486. Blackwood, have no materials on which to ground
Edinburgh. Cadell and Davies, a fair account of them , -- and mere pres
London , 1817. sumption , in this case, is neither hom
GEORGE BUCHANAN is an instance of nest noruseful. But we think that
more various excellence thaubelongs theopeningofhis “ Admonitioun"is
toany man of his time. He was, in clearly illustrative ofa genteel modes
Latin,a lyric and dramatic poet,-an ty ofdemeanour, and an arch suavity
historian ,-and the most rational and of manner, nearly allied to generosity
accomplished writeron politics of that and vigour of mind, and far removed
age ;-andall this witha spirit of free from pedantry or bigotry. The pass
to the adroit
dom , which
Milton and Sydney, a age would do honour
century afterwards, did notexcel, and politeness of a modern adviser,
with a grammaticalaccuracy of which For his vigorous determination of
Quintilian himself might have ар mind, and strong sense of independe
proved . As a practicalpolitician, he ence, the story related by James Mel
was firm , moderate, and judicious ; vin, among other instances, maysufa
too high -minded to adopt all the fer. fice. A year before the death ofthe
vour of vulgar prejudice -whilehe historian, while his healthwas declin
was essentially bound in mind and ing, Andrew Melvin and his nephew ,
heart to the popular cause,–and too James, paidhim a visit ; and findings
independent to make common interest that in the latter part of his history,
withanignorantandselfish nobility, rather freely of atthepress,he
which wasthen had spoken
conductof Queen
or to flatter the weaknesses of ape- Maryin theaffair of Rizzio ,ventured to
dantic monarch ; though in the one
body he could see a part more worthy express their fears thattheking would
than the rest, and, in the other, issue a prohibition against the work .
something that was to be supported “ Tell me, man ,” said Buchanan, if
asbelonging to the chiefmagistrate of I have told the truth ?". -“ Yes, sir ,
the nation . It is pleasing to speak of replied his cousin, " I think so.
such a man in the language of Mil “ Then," rejoined the dying histori
ton . an, “ I will abide his feud , and all
his kin's. Pray to God for me, and
“ A better senator ne'er held let him direct all."
The helm of Rome, when gowns, not arms, As an historian , he is remarkable
repellid for the classical purity and richness of
The fierce Epirot, and the Afran bold ; his diction ,--and commendable, in so
Whether to settle peace, or to unfold
The drift of hollow states, hard to be spell’d ; far as regards events that approach his
Then to advise how war may, best upheld, own times, for the spirit and sooth .
Move byhertwo main nerves ,iron and gold, fastness ” of his narration ,-as wellas
In all her equipage : besides , to know for a high -minded regard totheliber
ties and happiness of mankind . Of
Both spiritual power and civil, what each
means , his dialogue, “ De Jure Regni," we
What severs each .” can only say, that it bringshim far
beyond hisage,--and that coupling
As an officer of the government, he its invaluable principles, which are
was disinterested, and as useful and those of our English revolution, with
intelligent as we can imagine of one its exquisite Latinity, it is the finest
who had a large previous acquaintance prose composition by any modern in
with mankind - great natural acute- the language of ancient Rome. 1
ness, and an intimate friendship and In this work, as well asin his his "
connexion with the wisest statesmen tory , the maxims of free government,
of his day. His noble generosity , and though they be too frequently and
contemptof all pecuniary advantages, carefullysanctioned, as was the prac
may be inferred from the fact, that tice of his time, by references to clas
though he had been preceptor to the sical story, and though they attach too
king, and enjoyed some of the most much tothe ancientproblem oftyranni,
honourable and lucrativeappointments, cide, are wonderfully distinct. To their
alongwith a pension of five hundred exclusive honour, however, it must be
pounds,-yetall he died possessed of said, that they bear not the least evi
1817.] Review . Irving's Life of Buchanan . 297
dence of having been written under tion , and almost attraction , even to
à feudal despotism . A few sentences the grossest historical fables of an ig
near the close of his history, which he norant and credulous people.--pre
putsinto the mouthofMorton at a con- serving its equilibrium in the heats
vention of the nobles held at Stirling, and sallies of civil commotion, not
afford full proof of this assertion. They forcing mankind, or expecting greatly
contain the germ of all the modern of them , in anyway so much as by &
improvements in government, and are clear and extended view of their in
not inferior to anything in the Defen- terests. There are passages of the
sio pro populo Anglicano .* “Admonitioun ," * which have remind
His poetry has the rare quality of ed us of the invectives of Burke,in his
delighting, by its niceness of adjust- " Letterson a Regicide Peace.”
ment, and its musically measured ca- Dr Irving discusses every circum
dence, while it is more adequately stance connected with the lifeof Bu
replenished with ideas, than perhaps chanan , and much of what relates to
that of any subsequentwriter of Latin the literary men of his timein Europe,
verse , For a ready instance of the with extreme accuracy. The account
two first qualities, it is sufficient to re- of the Portuguese literati is copious,
fer any one who remembers the de- and possesses the interest of making
light with which he first perused it, an English reader acquainted with au
to the dedicatory epigram addressed to thors not generally known. This part,
Queen Mary before the translation of however, andthe notices of those learn
the psalms. As proof that Buchanan ed men with whom Buchanan was
wrote from the impulse of a full mind, connected, are digressions ;-- and, as
as well as for the gratification of one they are long and particular, they lead
of the finestpoetical ears few lines usaway from the main story,--so that
from his ode to May mightsuffice. ordinary persons may forget whether
There is no better verse in all Bem- they are reading the memoirs of Bu
bus or Fracastorius, and very little chanan, or of Turnebus, Muretus, or
poetry any where equal to the whole Govea. We are also so unfortunate as to
of that fine ode, for moral tenderness, think, that these digressivediscussions
and an exquisite sensitiveness of fancy, sometimes oblige us to read of names
which looks to nature and all times, as which may be safely consigned to obli
they are associated with human feel- vion, and to refer to authors, who,
ings. without any offence against good man
In the characters and situations of ners, might remain in their protracted
Knox and of Buchanan , there were obscurity. To those inquirers, whose
some peculiar similarities, and some familiarity with the learned languages
differences equally striking. Both were may not equal their laudable thirst for
ardent lovers of liberty , both vehe knowledge, a full account of Buchan
ment in their tempers, both had been an's pursuits and connections is valu
tried in scenes of disappointment and able :-but to this end, it is not necesa
incertitude far from their native land, sary that we should resuscitate all the
and both were ultimately brought dry bones that ever wore an academi
into the strong current of popular po- cal gown during his stay at the contie
litics by a chain of imposing events, nental seats of learning.
which it was not unnatural that the fer-Dr Irving is a moderate, and there
vid imaginations and enthusiastic pro- fore a rational, though a firm friend
pensities, which are most nourished in of civil and religious liberty ; and we
a period of reformation , should have meet in this book with passageswhich
regarded as influenced by the special are far superior to the cold and lifeless
and direct interposition of the Almigh- speculations of a mere scholar, -- and,
ty. In matters of taste and judgment, assuredly, of an higher strain than a
however, there was no such parallel. careless or impatient reader might
In the lucidus ordo animi, Buchanan be apt to perceive, or ready to ad
leaves Knox far behind. His is the mit, if he only looked to their com
true mens sana , giving elegance of dic
See
• Dr Irving has shewn a commendable
p . 729 of the Edit. Amsterodami, attention to the completeness of his work ,
1649 . " Hujus quoque juris expressum , by printing this very curious tract in the
& c. appendix .
288 Review . The Craniad. [ June
pactnessand simplicity of enuncia- Dr Irving's taste for classical litera .
tion . There is an exemplary cool- ture is pure andhighly informed. He
ness of judgment, and calmness of has been advantageously known to the
manner, about our author, which public for several years, as the author
is strongly evinced in the manage- of a very complete and useful little
ment of this biography. He never book on the elements of composition ;
attempts to reason his reader into an and his own style, if it wants variety
admiration of his theme, by supposing and softness, is not tinged with any
motives which the most clear exposi- thing like vulgarity. The most accu
tion of Buchanan's conduct, or the rate scrutiny could not produce from
most obviousconstruction of his own the whole of this volume more than
language, when he speaks for himself, two or three instances of peculiarity of
would not fully warrant. He may diction , or violation of the idiom of
fail in ease, or variety, or graphical our language. The whole shews a
delineation ;-but he has no fits of taste which has been formed on the
languor. He has energy without in- best models -- or rather, which always
vective, or assumption , or declamac seems so much under the guidance of
tion , or straining for effect. All this a judgment remarkable for clearness,
may be called inane mediocrity, by method, and order, as to require no
ss
those who love a continual smartne models to work from .
of manner and fulness of assertion ,- The former edition of this book
and it may not half please those ar . contained some asperities of contro
dent spirits who look back on times versy, all of which are suppressed.
that are gone as better than our times, Throughout the whole, there is not a
and on the men as perfect who sup- single attempt to flatter vulgar pre
ported their speculative opinions stren- judices ;- and what is still more vir
uously and successfully in practice at tuous, because there is a temptation to
a period of revolution, trying enough , it which is always more difficult tore
we confess, to internal vigour and ca- sist , we never find this manly writer
pacity of action. But it appears to affording the incense of adulation to
our old -fashioned eyes, that a man great names, or foistingin the preten
evinces accurate taste, and a masculine sions of some considerable living pera
understanding, when he never attempts son , in order to speak courteously of
to raise his subject out of its natural them . We know no biographer or
limits. In history and biography , sem historian, who could more firmly ex
vere truth is a cardinal requisite. The claim , fiat justicia, than Dr Irving ;
one can never be honestly made an and as we are quite sure that his
agreeable tale, made up of something book is a full and trust-worthy record,
that did occur, and more that might So we are convinc that it will ed
be imagined ,-nor the other safely be long valued by the judicious few
rendered a partial pleading, calculated whoexpectmoderately,and judge
to bringa frail man much nearer per- coolly. We bid farewell to him and
fection than his own estimate of him- to it with a feeling of respect, and
self, or the opinion of his contempor- something like regret that our limits
aries, could ever have led him to aspire not allowus toexpatiate longer on
to. The literary, as well as personal the merits of either.
character of ourage is remarkable, we
think, for a struggling vivacityman
appearance of easy powerfulness and
careless vigour, which seems to attempt The Craniad, or Spurzheim Illustrated ;
and accomplish great things, more by a Poem , in two parts. 12mo. Black
a strenuous grasp of first principles, wood , Edinburgh , 1817.
and a rapid felicity of representation ,
than by patient thought and a silent The Craniad is the worst poem we
attention to the truth of particulars. have now in Scotland . The author
Dr Irving's self-denying sobriety in has it in his power at once to decide
speculation, and full attention to the the great craniological controversy ;
truth of history, point him out as an Let him submit his skull to general
honourable exception from those pe- inspection , and if it exhibits a single
culiarities which future ages may con- intellec tual organ, Spurzheim's theory
sider as the odd variety of our own. is overthrown .
1817.] Review . - Manfred. 289

Manfred . A Dramatic Poem . By poetry, of the most irresistible and

Lord Byron. 8vo . Murray, Lon- overpowering pathos, in which the
don , 1817. depth of his sympathywith common
sorrows and common sufferers, seems as
Lord Byron has been elected by profound as if his nature knew nothing
acclamation to the throne of poetical more mournful than sighs and tears .
supremacy ; nor are we disposed to We have no intention of drawing
question, his title to the crown. There LordByron's poetical character, and
breathes over all his genius an air of have been led , we know not how , into
kingly dignity; strength, vigour, ener- these very general and imperfect ob
gy, are his attributes; and he wields servations. But perhaps the little we
his faculties with a proud conscious- have said may in some degree shew ,
ness of their power , and a confident why hitherto this great poet has dealt
anticipation of their effect. Living so seldom with the forms of the ex
poets perhaps there are, who have ternal world. He has so deeply looked
taken a wider range, but none who into the soul ofman , and so intensely
have achieved such complete, such per . sympathized with all the struggles
fect triumphs. In no great attempt there that he has had no feelings or
has he ever failed ; and , soon as he passions to fling away on the mere
begins his flight , we feel that he is earth he inhabits. But it is evident
tosoar upon unflagging wings-- that that the same powers, which he has so
when he has reached the black and gloriously exerted upon man as their
tempestuous elevation of his favourite subject, wouldkindleup andenlighten ,
atmosphere, he will, eagle-like, sail on or darken and disturb, the features
undisturbed through the heart of ofexternal nature ; and that, ifhe so
clouds, storms, anddarkness. willed it, his poetry , instead of being
To no poet was there ever given so rife with wrath , despair, remorse,
awful a revelation of the passions of the and all other agitating passions,
human soul. He surveys, with a stern might present an equally sublime as
delight, that tumult and conflict of semblage ofwoods, glens, and moun
terrible thoughts from which other tains,- of lakes and rivers, cataracts
highly gifted and powerful minds have and oceans. In the third canto of
involuntarily recoiled ; he calmly and Childe Harold , accordingly , he has
fearlessly stands upon the brinkof that delivered up his soul to the impulses
abyss from which the soul would seem of Nature, and we have seen how that
to shrink with horror ; and he looks high communion has elevated and
down upon , and listens to, the ever- sublimed it. He instantlypenetrated
lasting agitation of the howling waters. into her heart, as he had before into
There are " in his poetry feelings, the heart of Man ; and, in a few
thoughts, sentiments, and passions, months of solitary wandering among
that we at once recognise to behuman, the Alps, his soul became as deeply
though we know not whence they embued with her glory and magnifi
come: they break upon us like the cence, as if, from youth, he had dedi
sudden flashof a returning dream , cated himself to no other power, and
like some wild cry from another world. had for ever devoutly worshipped at
And even those whose lives have had her altar. He leapt at once into the
little experience ofthe wilder passions, first rank of descriptive poets. He came
for a moment feel that an unknown into competition with Wordsworth
region of their own souls has been ree upon his own ground, and with his
vealed to them , and that there are in own weapons ; and in the first en
deed fearful mysteries in our human counter he vanquished and overthrew
nature. him . His description of the stormy
Whenthis dark and powerful spirit night among the Alps of the blend
for a while withdraws from the con- ing -- the mingling — the fusion of his
templation of his own wild world, and own soul, with the raging elements a
condescends to look upon the ordinary round him,-is alone worth all the dull
shews and spectacles of life, he often metaphysics of the Excursion, and
seems unexpectedly to participate in shews that he might enlarge the limits
the feelings and emotions of beings of human consciousness regarding the
with whom it might be thought he operations of matter upon mind, as
could claim no kindred ; and thus widely as he has enlarged them regaile
many passages are to be found in his ing the operations of mind upon it
 290 Review .~ Manfred . [June
In the very singular, and, we sus principles ofbelief on any subject - to
pect, very imperfect poem , of which be perpetually haunted by a dread of
we areabout to give a short account, the soul's mortality, and bewildered
Lord Byron has pursued the same among dark and gloomy ideas concern
course as in the third canto of Childe ing the existence of a First Cause . We
Harold, andput outhis strength upon cannot do better thanlet this mysteri
the same objects. The action is laid ous personage speak for himself. In a
among the mountains of the Alps conversation ,which we find him hold
the characters are all, more or less, ing by theside of a mountain - cataract,
formed and swayed by the operations with the “ Witch of the Alps, " whom
of the magnificent scenery around he raises up by a spell “ beneath the
them , and every page of the poem archof the sun-beam of the torrent,”
teems with imagery and passion , we find him thus speaking :
though, at the same time, the mind “ Man . Well, though it torture me, ' tis
of the poet is often overborne, as it but the same ;
were , by the strength and novelty of My Pang shall find a voice. From my
its own conceptions ; and thus the youth upwards
composition, as a whole, is liable to My spirit walk'd not with the souls of men ,
Nor look'd upon the earth with human eyes ;
many and fatal objections.
But there is a still more novel exhi. The thirstof their ambition was notmine ;
The aim of their existence was not mine ;
bition of Lord Byron's powers in this My joys, mygriefs, my passions , and my
extraordinary drama. He has here powersstranger
burst into the world of spirits ; and, Made me a , ; though I wore the
in the wild delight with which the ele- form ,
ments of nature seem to have inspired I had no sympathy with breathing flesh ,
him, he has endeavoured to embody Nor midstthe creatures of clay that guided
and callupbefore him their ministering was therebut one who--butof her anon.
agents, and to employ these wild Per with men , and with the thoughts of
sonifications, as he formerly employ I said , men ,
ed the feelings and passions of man . I held but slight communion ; but instead ,
We are not prepared to say , that, in My joy was in the Wilderness, to breathe
this daring attempt, he has complete- The difficultair of the iced mountain's top,
ly succeeded . We are inclined to Where the birds dare not build , nor insect's
think, that the plan he has conceived , wing
the principa
and wished l Charact er which he Flit o'er the herbless granite ;breakingw
or to plunge
has to delineat e, would require On theswiftwhirl ofthenew - ave
a fuller developement thanis here Of river, stream ,orocean ,in their flow .
given to them ; and accordingly , a In these myearly strength exulted ; or
sense of imperfection , incompleteness, To follow through the night the moving
and confusion, accompanies the mind moon ,
throughout the perusal of the poem, The stars and their developement ; or catch
owing either to some failure on the The dazzling lightnings till my eyes grew
dim ;
part of the poet, or to the inherent
mystery of the subject . But though Or to look ,listning ,on the scattered leaves,
on that account it is difficult to com While Autumn winds were at their evening
prehend distinctly the drift of the com song.
position, and almost impossibletogive These
For ifthe my pastimes
werebeings- , and Itowas
of whom alone
be one,;
any thing like a distinct account of it, Hating to be so,--- cross'd me in mypath,
it unquestionably exhibits many noble I feltmyself degraded back to them ,
delineations of mountain scenery, And was all clay again . And then I dived ,
many impressive and terrible pictures In my lone wanderings, to the caves of death ,
of passion,-- and many wild and awful Searching its cause in its effect ; and drew
visions of imaginary horror. From wither'd bones, and sculls, and heap'd
Manfred, whose strange and extra Conclusiup dust,
ons most forbidden. Then I pass'd
ordinary sufferings pervade the whole The nights of years in sciences untaught,
drama, is a nobleman who has for
many years led a solitary life in his Save in the old time; and with time and toil,
And terrible ordeal, and such penance
castle among the Bernese Alps. From As in itself hath power upon the air,
early youth he has been a wild mis- And spirits that do compass air and earth,
anthrope, and has so perplexed him- Spaceand the peopledinfinite,I made
self with his views of human nature, Mine eyes familiar with Eternity.”
that he comes at last to have no fixed In another scene of the drama, where
7
 1817.) Review . - Manfred . 291

a pious old abbot vainly endeavours Man . I say 'tis blood - my blood ! the
to administer to histroubled spirit the pure warm stream
consolations of religion , he still farther Which ran in the veins of my fathers, and
in ours,
illustrates his own character.
“ Man . Ay. - Father ! I have had those
When we were in our youth , and had one
heart,
earthly visions And loved each other as we should not love ,
And noble aspirations in my youth , And this was shed ; but still it rises up,
To make myown the mind of other men , Colouring the clouds that shut me out from
The enlightener of nations ; and to rise Heaven,
I knew not whither it might be to fall ; Where thou art not - and I shall never be." .
But fall, even as the mountain - cataract, He afterwards says :
Which
havingleapt from its more dazzling « My injuries came down on those who
height, loved me
Even the foami
(Whicinh cast ng streng
up misty ofits abyss, On those whom
columnthis,thatbecome Ibestloved — Inever quelled
An enemy save in my just defence,
Clouds raining from the re-ascended skies,) But my embrace was fatal.”
Lies low , butmighty still. Butthis is past,
1 Mythoughts mistook themselves. In the conversation formerly refer
Abbot . -And wherefore so ? red to with the “ Witch of the Alps,"
Man. I could not tamemy nature down; he alludes still darkly to the same
for he event.
Must serve who fain would sway - and “ Man . But to my task . I have not
sooth and sue named to thee,
And watch all time and pry into all place Father or mother, mistress, friend, or being,
And be a living lie -whowould become With whom I wore the chain of human ties ;
Amighty thingamongst the mean , and such If I had such , they seem'd not such to me
The mass are ; I disdain to mingle with Yet there was one
A herd , though to be leader and of wolves. Witch.Spare not thyself - proceed.
The lion is alone, and so am I. Man . Shewas like me in lineaments - her
Abbot. And why not live and act with other eyes,
men ? Her hair, her features, all, to the very tone
Man . Because my nature was averse from Even of her voice, they said were like to
life , mine,
And yet not cruel ; for I would not make But soften'd all, and temper’d into beauty ;
But find a desolation ; -- like the wind , She had the same lone thoughts and wan
The red -hot breath of the most lone Simoom , derings,
Which dwells but in the desert, and sweeps The quest of hidden knowledge, and a mind
o'er To comprehend the universe ; nor these
The barren sands which bear no shrubs to Alone, but with them gentler powers than
blast, mine,
And revels o'er their wild and arid waves , Pity, and smiles, and tears which I had not ;
And seeketh not, so that it is not sought, And tenderness — but that I had for her ;
But being met is deadly ; such hath been Humility and that I never had .
The course of my existence ; but there came Her faults were mine her virtues were her
Things in my path which are no more.” Own

But besides the anguish and pertur. I lov'd her, and destroy'd her !
bation produced by his fatal scepticism
Witch . -With thy hand ?
Man . Not with my hand, but heart
in regard to earth and heaven, vice and which broke her heart
virtue, man and God ,-Manfred's soul It gazed onmine, and wither’d. I have
has been stained by one secret and shed
dreadful sin , and is bowed down by Blood , but not hers and yet her blood was
the weight of blood. It requires to shed
read the drama with more than ordi- I saw and could not staunch it. "
nary attention , to discover the full im- From these, and several other pase
port of those broken, short, and dark sages , it seems that Manfred had con
expressions, by which he half con- ceived a mad and insane passion for his
fesses, and half conceals, even from sister, named Astartè, and that she had ,
himself, the perpetration of this in- in consequence of their mutual guilt,
expiable guilt. In a conversation with committed suicide. This is the terrible
a chamois-hunter, in his Alpine cote catastrophe which for ever haunts his
tage, he thus suddenly breaks out :- soul* -drives him into the mountain
“ Man. Away, away! there's blood upon wilderness-- and, finally, by the poig
the brim nancy of unendurable anguish, forces
Will it then never - never sink in the earth ?
C. Hun. What dost thou mean ? thy • See • Sketch of a Tradition related by
senses wander from thee. a Monk in Switzerland ,' page 270.
292 Review .-- Manfred . [ June
him to seek intercourse with the language of his supernatural beings,
Prince of the Air, witches, demons, which is, upon the whole, very wild
destinies, spirits, and all the tribes of and spirit-like. From these Powers
immaterial existences. From them he requests that they will wring out,
he tries to discover those secrets into from the hidden realms, forgetfulness
which his reason cannot penetrate. He and self-oblivion. This, we find, is
commands them to tell him the myse beyond their power. He then says,
tery of the grave. The only being he “ I hear
ever loved has by his means been des. Your voices, sweet and melanchosee
ly sounds, ,
troyed. Is all her beauty gone for As music on the waters and
ever - annihilated and with it has her The steady aspect of a clear large star,
spirit faded into nonentity ? or is she But nothing more. "
lost, miserably lost, and suffering the The spirit of this star (the star of
punishment brought on her by his own hisnativity) appears in the shape of
sin ? We believe, that by carrying in a beautiful female figure ; and Man
the mind a knowledge of this one hor- fred exclaims,
rid event and along with that, those Oh God ! if it be thus, and Thou
ideas of Manfred's character, which, Art not a madness and a mockery,
by the extracts we have given , better I yet might be most happy - I will clasp
than any words of our own, the reader thee,
may be enabled to acquire the con- And weagain will be- The figure vanishes.]
duct of the drama, though certainly My heart is crushed. 99
[Manfred falls senseless."
imperfectly and obscurely managed ,
may be understood, as well as its chief A voice is then heard singing an in
end and object . cantation and a curse, --stanzas which
At the opening of the drama, we were published in the noble Lord's
find Manfred alone, at midnight, in a last volume, and full of a wild and
Gothicgalleryof his castle, in posses- unearthly energy.
sion ofa mighty spell, by which he In the second scene , Manfred is
can master the seven spirits of Earth , standing alone on a cliff on the mighty
Ocean , Air, Night, the Mountains, mountain Jungfrau, at sunrise; and
the Winds, and the Star of his nati- this is part of his morning soliloquy.
vity. Thesespirits all appear before on Man . -My mother earth !
him , and tell him their names and And thou fre :h -breaking Day, and you , ye
employment. The Mountain Spirit Mountains,
thus speaks : Why are ye beautiful ? I cannot love ye.
“ Mont Blanc is the monarch of mountains, And thou, the bright eye of the universe,
That openest overall, and unto all
They crowned him long ago
On a throne of rocks, in a robe of clouds, Art a delight - thou shin'st noton my heart."
With a diadem of snow . And you, ye Crags, upon whose extreme
Around his waist are forests braced , edge
The Avalanche in his hand ;
I stand, and on the torrent's brink beneath
But ere it fall, that thundering ball Behold the tall pines dwindled as to shrubs
Must pause for my command. In dizziness of distance ; when a leap,
The Glacier's cold and restless mass A stir, a motion , even a breath , would bring
Moves onward day by day ; My breast upon its rocky bosom's bed
But I am he who bids it pass , To rest for ever - wherefore do I pause ?
Or with its ice delay. I feel the impulse - yet I do not plunge ;
I am the spirit of the place, I see the peril - yet do not recede ;
Could make the mountain bow And my brain reelsand yet my foot is
firm .
And quiver to its caverned base
And what with me wouldst Thou ?” There isa power uponme which withholds
If it makes
The Storm Spirit says, with equal And my fatality tomyself
be lifetoit wearwithin live ;
energy , This barrenness of spirit, and to be
“ I am the Rider of the Wind, Myownsoul's sepulchre, for I have ceased
The Stirrer of the Storm ; To justify my deeds unto myself
The hurricane I left behind The last infirmity of evil. Ay,
Is yet with lightning warm . Thou winged and cloud -cleaving minister,
To speed to thee o'er shore and sea (An eagle passes.
I swept upon the blast ; Whose happy flight is highest into heaven ,
The fleet I met sailed well, and yet Well may'st thou swoop so near meI
' Twill sink ere night be past." should be
These may be considered fair specie Thy prey, and gorge thine eaglets ; thou
mens of the general character of the art gone
 Review . - Manfred . 293
1817.)
Where the eye cannot follow thee ; but thine The first scene of the second act is
Yet pierces downwar d, onward, or above, in the chamois-hunter's cottage, and
g
With a pervadin vision.- l
-Beautifu ! with the exception of the few lines
How beautiful is all this visible world ! formerly quoted, and some others , it
Howglorious in its action and itself ! is veryunlike Lord Byron , for itis
But we,who
we,
name ourselves its sovereigns, incrediblydull and spiritless; and the
Half dust,half deity, alike unfit chamois- hunter, contrary to truth, na
To sink or soar, with our mixed essence ture, and reason, is a heavy, stupid
ation
,
make elderly man , without anyconvers
A conflict of its elements, and breathe al talents. The following lines, how ?
The breath of degradation andof pride ever , may redeem even a worse scene
Contending with low wants and lofty will, than this . Manfred speaks.
Till our mortality predominates, Think'st thou existence doth depend on
And men are whattheyname not to them . time ?
selves , It doth : but actions are our epochs. Mine
And trust not to eachother.Hark! thenote, Have made mydays and nights imperish
[ The shepherd's pipe inthe distance isheard.] able,
The natural music of the mountain reed. Endless, and all alike, as sands on the shore,
For here the patriarchal days are not Innumerable atoms ; and one desert,
A pastoral fable - pipes in the liberal air, Barren and cold , on which the wild waves
Mixed with the sweet bells of the sauntering break,
herd ; Butnothingrests, savecarcases and wrecks,
My soul would drink those echoes ... Oh, Rocks, and the salt-surf weedsofbitterness.”
that I were
Scene second gives us Manfred's
The viewless spirit of a lovely sound, first interview with the Witch of the
A bodilessvoice,
A living enjoyment- bornharmony,
a breathing and dying Alps, and he pours outhis soul to her
With the blest tone which made me !" in a strain of very wild and impas
sioned poetry . Her appearance is de
He is then, when standing on the scribed in a style different from the
toppling cliff, seized with an irresistible rest of the poem , and nothing can be
desire to fling himself over,buta cha- more beautiful.
mois-hunter very opportunely comes “ Man . Beautiful Spirit ! with thy hair
in , and by force prevents him from ef of light }

fecting his purpose. This interven And dazzling eyes of glory, in whose form
tion is , we think, altogether absurd . The charms of Earth's least-mortal daugh-,
444
Theydescendfrom the cliffquietly toan unearthly staturinanessence
e,
together ; andsothescene, verydully of purer elements; while the hues of
and unnaturally, comes to a conclu youth
sion . - It has been remarked of suia Carnation'd like a sleeping infant's cheek,
cides, that if they are hindered from Rock'd by the beating of her mother's heart,
committing the crime in the very mode Or the rose-tints which summer's twilight
leaves
which
the strong death mayupon,
have ofdetermined
theydesire conė Upon the lofty glacier's virgin snow ,
tinue upon them , and yet the miser . The blush of earth embracing with her
heaven }
able beings have no power to adopt a Tinge thy celestial aspect, and make tame
different scheme of destruction . If, The beauties of the sunbow which bends
therefore, Manfred had been suddenly o'er thee.
forced away from cliff and precipice, we Beautiful Spirit ! in thy calm clear brow ,
can suppose that he might, in another Wherein is glass'd serenity of soul,
scene, have forborne his suicidal in- Which of itself shows immortality,
tentions ; but it seems most unnatural, I read that thou wilt pardon to a son
Of Earth , whom the abstruser powers permit
that he the
tiously rocks toover
continue
shallvery whichcau
descend he At times to communewith them if that he
Avail him of his spells to call thee thus,
bad a moment before determined to And gaze on thee a moment."
fling himself, accept of assistance from The Witch , however, cannot do any
the chamois-hunter,and exhibitevery thingfor him ,and is commanded tơ
symptom
his of and
footing, a personafraid of losing
tumbling down the vanish ,and the scene endswith a so
crags. Besides, Manfred was not an liloquy. In***this he says
I have one resource
ordinary character ; and this extreme Still in my science Ican call the dead,
irresolution, after he had worked him . And ask them what it is we dread to be 1
self up to frenzy, is wholly inconsist- The sternest answer can but be the grave,
ent with his nature. And that is nothing if they answer not.19
VOL . I. 2 P ..
294 Review .- Manfred. [ June
In scene third , which is again on of them ; and there follows a scene of
the summit of the Jungfrau moun- a wild and wailing pathos , in which
tain , Manfred does not appear at all, the misery and despair of Manfred
but it is wholly occupied by the Des- bursts forth in the most impassioned
tinies and Nemesis. These very aw- exclamations, fearfully contrasted with
ful abstractions exult together over the the fixed and mortal silence of the
miseries and madness of the world ; ghost.
and one of them , sings either a trium- Man . _ " Thou lovedst me
phal song upon Buonaparte's return Too much , as I loved thee ; we were not
from Elba, and the bloody field of 'made
Waterloo - or a prophetic strain on To torture thus eachother, though it were
his destined escape from St Helena, The deadliest sin tolove as we have loved.
and therivers of bloodwhich areyet Say
Thisthat thou loath'stme
punishment for bothnotthatthou
that I do bear
wiltbe
tooverflow France .His Lordship's One of the blessed and that I shalldie,
imagination seemsto be possessedby Por hitherto all hatefulthingsconspire
this throne shattering emperor
- . The existence
To bind me in life ; in a
following passage is a specimen of the Which makes me shrink from immortality
the past.
futurenotlikewhat
song inwhichthe Destinies express IA know I cannot rest,
I ask , nor what I seek :
themselves.
“ First Destiny . I feel but what thou art, and what I am ;
“ The moon is rising broad , and round, And I would hear yet once before I perish ,
and bright ; The voice which was my music - Speak to
And here on snows, where never human foot me !
Of common mortal trod, we nightly tread, For I have called on thee in the still night,
And leave no traces ; o'er the savage sea , Startled the slumbering birds from the hush
The glassy ocean of the mountain ice, ed boughs,
We skim its rugged breakers, which put on And woke themountain wolves, and made
the caves
The aspect of a tumbling tempest's foam ,
Frozen in a moment å dead whirlpool's Acquainted with thy vainly echoed name,
image ; Which answered me; many things answer
And this most steep fantastic pinnacle, ed me
The fretwork of some earthquake - where Spirits and men - but thou wert silent all.
the clouds Yet speak tome! I have outwatched thestars ,
Pause to repose themselves in passing by- And gazed o'er Heaven in vain in search of
Is sacred toour revels, or our vigils. ” thee !
Speak to me! I have wandered o'er the earth
Nemesis utters a higher strain . And never found thy likeness. Speak to me !
Nem . “ I was detained repairing shattered Look on thefiendsaround ; they feel for me ;
thrones.
I fear them not, and feel for thee alone ;
Marrying fools, restoring dynasties, Speak to me ! though it be in wrath ; but
Avenging men upon their enemies, say ,
And making them repent their own revenge, I reck not what; but let me hear thee once ;
Goading thewise to inadness; fromthe dull This once once more !
Shaping out oracles to rule the world Phantom of Astartè. Manfred !
Afresh ,for they were waxing out of date , Man . Say on , say on ;
And mortals dared to ponder for themselves, I live but in the sound ; it is thy voice !
To weigh kings in thebalance, and to speak Phan. Manfred ! To-morrow ends thine
Of freedom , the forbidden fruit. - Away ! earthly ills ;
We have outstaid the hour - mount we our Farewell !
clouds ? ”
Man . Yet one word more ; am I forgiven ?
In scene fourth , we are introduced Phan. Farewell !
into the hall of Arimanes, Prince of Man . Say, shall we meet again ?
Earth and Air, who is sitting, sur Pha , Farewell !
rounded by the Spirits, on his throne, Man . One word for mercy ! Say , thou
lovest me.
a globe of fire. The seven spirits Plean. Manfred ! ”
chant a wild song in his praise - the [ The Spirit of Astartè disappears.
Destinies and Nemesis join in the
glorification ; and meanwhile Manfred There is nothing very striking in the
scenes of the last act, excepting
enters, unappalled bythe threatening first
that conversation between Manfred and
visages of this dread assemblage.
Nemesis asks, the Abbot, of which we have already
“ Whom wouldst thou quoted a part. In that scene it seems
Uncharnel ? to us that the moral purpose of the
Man . One without a tomb - call up drama appears -- the explanation, as it
Astartè. " were of all Manfred's misery, wicked
At the invocation of a spirit, her ness , and delusion . The Abbot offers
phantom rises and stands in the midst him that which alone can save the
1817.] Review .-- Manfred. 295
soul from ruin, religion and the pro- Shone throughthe rents of ruin ; from afar
mise of redemption. This salvation The watch -dog bayed beyond theTiber; and
Manfred is too far gone in anguish , More nearfromout the Cæsars'palace
sin , and insanity, todare or wish to The owl's long cry, and, interruptedlycame
accept-- and the Abbot leaves him in Of distant sentinels, the fitful song
and died upon the gentle wind.
sullen and hopeless resignation tohis Begun
Some cypresses beyond thetime-worn breach
doom . The conclusion of their collo- Appeared to skirtthe horizon, yet theystood
quy is most impressive. Within a bow -shot - where the Cæsars
is Man . -Look on me ! there is an dwelt,
order And dwellthe tuneless birds of night, a
Of mortals on the earth , who do become midst
Old in their youth, and die ere middle age, A grove which springs through levelled
Without theviolence of warlike death , battlements,
Some perishingofpleaure-- some ofstudy And twines its roots with the imperial
Some worn with toil some of mere weari. hearths,
ness Ivy usurps the laurel's place of growth ;
Some of disease and some insanity- But the gladiators' bloody circus stands,
And some of withered, or of broken hearts ; A noble wreck in ruinous perfection !
For this last is a malady which slays While Cæsar's chambers, and the Augustine
More than are numbered in the lists of Fate, halls,
Taking all shapes, and bearingmany names. Grovel onearth in indistinctdecay .
Look upon me ! for even of all these things Andthou didst shine, thou rollingmoon ,upon
Have I partaken ; and of all these things, All this , and cast a wide and tender light,
One were enough ; then wonder not that I Which softened down the hoar austerity '
Am what I am , but that I ever was , Of rugged desolation, and fill'd up,
Or, having been , that I am still on earth . As 'twere, anew the gaps ofcenturies ;
Abbot. Yet hear me still . Leaving that beautiful which stillwas so,
Man . Old man ! I do respect And making that whichwas not, till theplace
Thine order, and revere thineyears ; I deem Became religion , and the heart ran o'er
Thy purpose pious, but it is in vain : With silent worship of the great of old !
Think menot churlish ; I would spare thy. The dead, but sceptred sovereigns, who still
self, rule
Far more than me , in shunning at this time Our spirits from their urns.
All further colloquy - and50_farewell. ' Twas such a night !
[ Exit Manfred .” ' Tis strange that I recall it at this time;
The final catastrophe is now at But I have found our thoughts take wild
hand, for the hour of his dissolution, est flight,
foretold by the phantom of Astartè, Even at themoment when they should array
is come : he is in his solitary towerat Themselves in pensive order."
The Spirits enter ; and while they
midnight, with the Abbot, when the
spirits commissioned by Arimanes come are threatening to tear him to pieces,
todemand soul. Theopenin g of Manfred meets them with taunts and
this scene ishisperhaps the finest de mockery, and suddenly falls back and
scriptive passage in the drama; and expires in the arms of the Abbot.
its solemn, calm , and majestic cha We had intended making some ob
racter throws an air of grandeur over servations upon this extraordinary
thecatastrophe, which was in danger of production , but, to them
be intelligible,
within the
we could not confine
appearing extravagant, and somewhat limits which necessity imposes. On
too much in the style of the Devil some other occasion wemay enter at
and DrFaustus. Manfred is sitting length into the philosophy of the sub
alone in the interior of the tower.
“ Manfred alone. ject ; but we havegiven such an ac
count as will enable our readers to
The stars are-shining
ofthesnow forth , the moon above
mountains the tops comprehend its general character.
Beautiful!
I linger yet with Nature, for the night One remark we must make on the
Hath been to me a more familiar face versification. Though generally flow
Than that of man ; andin her starry shade ing, vigorous, and sonorous, it is too
Of dim and solitary loveliness , often slovenly and careless to a great
I learned the language of another world. degree ; and there are in the very
I do remember me, that in my youth finest passages, so many violations of
When I was wandering,uponsuch
's
a night, theplainest rulesof blank verse,that
I stood within the Coloseum wall,
'Midst the chief relics of Almighty Rome ; we suspect Lord Byron has a very im
The trees which grew along the broken perfect knowledge of that finest of al
arches music, and has yet much to learn be
Waved dark in the blue midnight, and the fore his language can be well adapted
stars to dramaticcompositions.
296 Analytical Notices.Quarterly Review . [June

ANALYTICAL NOTICES.

THE QUARTERLY Review. No 32. Reviewers, " respecting the geography

and natural history ofthe greatdesert
i. An Authentic Narrative of the of Africa, amounts to very little, and
Loss of the American Brig Commerce, that little not veryaccurate.” -- A large
wrecked on thewestern coast of Africa, portion of this article is occupied with
in the month of August 1815, 8c. By the travels of Sidi Hamet, Riley'smas
James Riley, late Master and Super- ter, who remained for a fortnight in
cargo - The sufferings which Riley Mr Willshire's house, and who, be
and his crew endured , at the time of sides entertaining them with an ac
their shipwreck and afterward, while count of his expeditions to Tombuc
they remained in captivity among the too, introduced them to the know
Arabs, were so severe, that the Re- ledge of acountry to the south -east
viewers would have felt inclined to of it, wholly new to Europeans, con
withhold their belief from some parts taining the city of Wassanah, situated
of the narrative, if they had not been on the Niger, above sixty days jour
satisfied with regard to the writer's ge- ney from Tombuctoo, and twice its
neral veracity, from the well authentic size. Upon the authority of the same
cated documents which they possess. traveller, the Reviewers proceed to
Nothing can place in a stronger light offer some speculations regarding the
the miserablecondition to which these course of the Niger. There is a strong
unfortunate men had been reduced, presumption , they think, that the
than the following At
narrative itself :-
extract from the Niger, or Nile of the Negroes, has
the instance of two courses, one from west to east,
Mr Willshire,” (the British vice -con- by Silla and Tombuctoo ; the other
sul at Mogadore, by whom they were from east to west, through Wangara,
ransomed ), " I was weighed," says Ghana, and Kassina. This Sidi Ha
Riley, " and fell short of ninety met is altogether a very respectable
pounds, though my usual weight, for sort ofperson. “ Your friend . ” (Mr
the last ten years, had been over two Willshire) said he to Riley at parting,
hundred and forty pounds; the weight “has fed 'mewith milk and honey,
of my companions was less than I dare and I will always in future do what is
to mention,for I apprehend it would in my power to redeemChristians from
not be believed, that the bodies of slavery ;" a promise which , to a cer
men, retaining the vital spark, should tain extent, he is known to have since
not weigh forty pounds !” This ex- performed . We have met with a gen
traordinary emaciation was effected in tleman belonging to the Surprise of
about two months, the period which Glasgow, to which the Reviewers al
intervened from their shipwreck until lude , who gratefully acknowledges the
they arrived at Mogadore, where every personal kindness he received from
comfort was most humanely provided Sidi Hamet in the deserts of Africa .
for them by the gentleman whom we 2. Ambrosian Manuscripts. - The
have just mentioned . Were we not so Reviewers begin by discouraging the
positivelyassured by the Reviewers of too sanguine expectations that have
Mr Riley's veracity , there are one or been entertained of the researches of
two points which might excuse a little antiquaries, in bringing to light the
scepticism ; on one occasion, we read of precious relics of Greek and Roman
an immediate interposition of Divine literature ; and they then endeavour
Providence in behalf of the desponding to account for the imperfect and mu
sufferers ; and at another time, Riley, tilated state in which some of the an
in a comfortable dream , saw a young cient authors have come down to us.
man, who spoke to him in his own “ The truth , after all, ” they say, " is,
language, assuring him that he should that of the Latin writers not many
again embrace his beloved wife and have perished whose loss we need
children, and whose features he after- greatly regret .” The discoveries re
wards recognised in Mr Willshire.- cently made by M. Angiolo Mai, pro
"The addition which Mr Riley has fessor of the oriental languages in the
afforded to our information ,” say the Ambrosian library at Milan , consist of:
1817. ] Analytical Notices.Quarterly Review . 297

fragments of six orations of Cicero, of what the book contains. The Re

and of eight speeches of Symmachus, viewers tell us what course the travel
-ninety -six Latin epistles to and from ler took , what he sawand did, and
Fronto, with two books “ de Oratio- some of the incidental observations
nibus," several fragments, and seven which he made on the appearance of
epistles written in Greek ,-fragments the country, and onthecondition of
of Plautus, and some commentaries on the various races of its population.
Terence,-- the complete oration ofIsæ- The most interesting features in the
us, de hereditate Cleonymi, of which state of society seem to be, the igno
before
an
we possessed about one-third, rance and superstition of all classes
oration of Themistius,-- and the feeble administration of the laws
lastly, an epitomeof part of the Anti- and thathospitality to strangers, which
quitates Romanæ of Dionysius Hali- is one of the characteristics of a thinly
carnessensis, extending from the year peopled agricultural country, abound
of the city 316 to the year 685, which ing in the necessaries of life, and un
is valuable, inasmuch as this portion contaminated by the selfishness and
of the original work is not known to luxuries of the higher classes of civi
exist. We may judge of the labour lization and refinement. The inha
which M. Mai has undergone in his bitants of the provinces are said to be
researches, when we are told that all greatly superior, in their moral cha
these relics ( withthe exceptionof the racter and in their habits, to their
oration of Isæus ) were elicited from Spanish neighbours. Slavery, itwould
what are called palimpsesti, or rescrip- appear, assumes a mildformin Brazil;
ti, that is, ancient MSS.,which , from though the inhumanity with which
motives of economy, had beenpartly the Portuguese carry on the slave
effaced , and then used by the Monks, trade is well known to have imprinted
in the middle ages, on which to transé an indelible stain on the national cha
cribe the works of a very different de- racter. Praise is liberally bestowed
scription of writers. His discoveries, on the Jesuits for their efforts in be
the Reviewers add, “ are curious and half of the Indians, who are said to
interesting to the classical antiquary , have now , in many places, relapsed
but they are not of that importance into barbarism . - Thatwhich is parti
which the learned editor attaches to cularly interesting to this country,
them ; nor do they satisfy the expec- especially since recent events have pro
tations whichthe first intelligence of mised to effecta very important change
them had excited in our minds.” - M . in the American possessions of Portu
Maiis preparing for publication , a fac- gal as well as of Spain, is the growing
simile of a very ancientMS., contain- demand for British manufactures, and
ing about 800 lines of the Iliad, with the freedom of intercourse which an
paintings illustrativeofthe descriptions enlightened policy may be expected to
of the poem . On one side of the leaf of ensure. Both the author and the Re
this MS., which is of parchment, are viewers assures us of this increasing
the paintings, on the reverse the poem demand for our commodities, several
try ; but this reverse had been cover years before the present revolutionary
ed with silk paper, on which are movements began in Portuguese Ame
written some scholia, and the argu- rica ; and there is sufficient evidence
ments of some books of the Iliad. M. in the account which Koster has given
Mai separated the paper from the us of his progress through the pro
parchment; which last he thinks, was vinces, for a course of upwards of 1000
written on at least 1400 years ago. miles, that this demand must, for a
3. Narrative of a residence in Ire- long period , be limited only by the
land, during the summer of 1814 , and means which the people have of
that of 1815. By Anne PLUMPTRE,— purchasing. All that refines and
A work which the Reviewers, ap- embellishes liſe is wanted in Brazil ;
parently forgetful of the nec deus in- but the want will be generally felt,
tersit, &c. of a very competent judge and themeans of supplying it exten
in matters of criticism , have thought sively diffused, by a liberal and inde
it worth their while to hold up to pendent government, in a country, the
scorn and ridicule. natural resources of which are incal.
4. Travels in Brazil. By HENRY culable.— The Reviewer gives us very
KOSTER.—This is a condensed , though little information about Koster hiin
sometimes sufficiently minute, account self, except that he resided several
298 Analytical Notices.Quarterly Review . [ June
years in the country ; and they have has failed indeed ,--and yet in one
displayeda singular degree of forbear- sense it has not failed ; for the refusal
ance, in abstaining from all those spe of our ambassador to submit to the
culations to which the scenes before degrading ceremonies of Chinese. eti
them were so well calculated to lead, quette must give the celestial emperor
from all retrospect and anticipation , avery high opinionof the English na
and, what was less to be expected tion : a most comfortable illustration
perhaps - from any thing like discus- of the well- known fable of the fox and
sion , either religious or political. For thegrapes.
those general readers who have not 7, Fragments on the Theory and
access to the book itself, this article Practice of Landscape Gardening, $ c.
cannot fail to be a convenient substi, By H. REPton, Esq .- The writer of
tute . this article must be deeply skilled in
5. The Veils , or the triumph of gardens - Italian, French , Spanish,
Constancy. A Poem , in Six Books. Dutch , German , and Chinese and
By Miss PORDEN .-- The Reviewers other Asiatic gardens, as well as with
speak very highly of the author's the ancient and modern style of land .
powers of versification , but express scape gardening in England ; and also
their disapprobation of the manner in with all the writers on parterres and
which she has chosen to exercise them . vistas, woods and lawns, and grottos,
Thepoem is intended to display the from the times of Virgil and Juvenal
“ different energies of nature, exerted downwards. The book is said to be
inproducing the various changeswhich both interesting and entertaining.
take place in the physical world, but 8. Tales ofmy Landlord.This and
personifiedand changed into the spirits the elder branches ofthe same family,
of the Rosicrucian doctrine. A system in spite of the uncouthness of the lan
which, as she observes, was introduced guage of a great portion of them , even
into poetry by Pope, and since used by to Scotsmen , and the utter inability of A

Darwin in the Botanic Garden . ” The the mere English reader to enter into
greater part of the critique is occupied the spirit of many of the most hu
with just animadversions on Darwin's morous and characteristic representa
personifications, so different from the tions, immediately upon their appear.
tiny playful beings with whom we are ance acquired, and continue to main
so delighted in the “ Rape of the tain , a degree of popularity to which
Lock ." probably no other works of the same
6. Laou - sing -urh , or An heir in class, and of thesame dimensions, have
his OldAge," aChinese Drama . Trans- ever attained. Yet in all these novels
lated from the_Original Chinese by there are faults or defects, which every
J. F. Davis, Esq. of Canton .-- This one perceives upon a general survey of
drama was written nearly 800 years their texture, and every one forgets in
ago, yet it is consideredto be a true their perusal. It is one main object
picture of Chinese manners and Chi- of the present article to explain the
nese feelings at the present time. The causes of thispopularity, which many
Reviewers , though very moderate in of their admirers are at some loss to
their estimate of Chinese literature, account for; to shew that the imper
are well pleasedwith this performance, fection of the stories, and the want of
of which, and of the theatrical exhibi- interest in the principal characters,
tions of China, this article contains a are more than compensated by the ex
curiousand amusing account. A poem traordinary attraction which theirmys
called “ London ," written by a com , terious author has been able to give to
mon Chinese, has been also translated the narrative, by his accurate and ani
by Mr Davis; and the specimen of it mated descriptions, and the truth and
which the Reviewers fürnish might fidelity ofhis portraits. It was never
have made a very respectable appear, doubted, in this part of the Island,
ance among the least extravagant effu . that human beings had actually sat
sions of Gulliver, Nearly half the for these portraits, though there has
article is occupied, somewhat incon- certainly been much difference of opi
gruously we conceive, with particulars nion about their originals ; but it is
regarding Lord Amherst's embassy, truly mortifying to find a London Re
in which , however, we do not find any viewer, even with the acknowledged
thing of importance that has not al- assistance of his Scottish correspond
adly appeared in the newspapers. It ents, coming forward to correct our
1817. ) Analytical Notices.Quarterly Review). 299

blunders, and dispel the obscurity , by land's late motion - some strictures
presentingus with the prototypes of on Santini's appeal,- and a few re
several of this author's principal cha- marks on the Manuscrit, which, as is
racters . What if this singular person now very generally believed, is pro
should have the further presumption nounced to be obviously a fabrication.
to try his hand , as a rival, at such a TheReviewers are ofopinion, thatthe
work himself ? But though he is fond public execution of Buonaparte, when
enough offinding fault, heseems, upon he fell into thepower of his conquer
the whole, rather favourably disposed ors after the battle of Waterloo, would
towards” this fascinating writer, and, have been a great and useful act of
towards the conclusion of the article, justice ; but, that better and juster
endeavours to vindicate « Old Mor- course being rejected , they strongly
tality” from some objections, to which recommend thať his allowance should
our profound veneration for the Sacred be diminished - £4000 a - year they
Writings, and our respect for the me. seem to think sufficient,-- and that
mory of ourpersecuted ancestors, must further restrictions should be imposed,
find' it but too much exposed. We with a view to the more safe custody
have some doubts of the critic's accu- of his person .
racy , when he tells us, or at least insi- 10. Report of the Secret Committee :
nuates, thatthe “ indulged ”ministers Onthe PresentState of Public
Affairs :
and their adherents formed by far the and A Proposal for putting Reform to
most numerous body of the Presbyte- the ote throughout the Kingdom ; by
rians of the period to which that tale the Hermit of Marlow . – Theobject of
refers ; and we are not quite convinced this article is to trace the Rise and Pro
that the present church of Scotland gress of popular disaffection . After
can, with any degree of propriety, be a very appropriate introduction, the
called the legitimate representative of writer fixes upon thereign of Henry
the indulgedclergy of the days of VIII. as theperiod " when religious
Charles II. But these inaccuracies ( if disputes dividedthenation, andproduce
they are so ) may be easily excusedin ed a long train of consequences,which
a writer belonging to the English areacting at thishour,and the end of
church, as this Reviewer, from his which nohuman foresight can discern .”
residence in the south, most probably He then proceeds to give a general view
is, and of course but imperfectly ac- of the various parties, religious and
quainted with thosepartsofour church political, down to the present time,
history, to which it did not perhaps descending to greater minuteness from
fall within the province of his Scottish the accession of his present majesty,
correspondents to direct his attention. -and concludes with poignant ani
This article is, after all, very curious, madversions on several of our present
shrewd, and entertaining ; and from political writers. The main source of
its concluding paragraph , about the popular disaffection must be sought
“ transatlantic confessions, and the in religious toleration (if we rightly
mistake of Claverhouse's men in taking understand the tendency of the rea
the one brother for the other, wecannot soning) , of which so many different
help suspecting that the“ gifted seers, bodies of dissenters have availed them
whom our mighty minstrel so well selves to separate from the Church of
commemorates , are not exclusively England ; for certain it is,” says the
confined to thenorth side of the Tweed, reviewer, " that monarchy and episco
and that Johnson might have found pacy, the throne and the altar, are
the second sight nearer home than the much more nearly connected than
Hebrides. writers of bad faith , or little reflec
9. Santini's Appeal,-Montholon's tion, have sought to persuade man
Letter to Sir Hudson Lowe,- Barnes' kind. ” This article may
be considered
Tour through St Helena,-and Manu no slight auxiliary to the well known
scrit venu de St Hélene. - The prin- letter of Lord Sidmouth, so unjustly
cipal contents of this article are, a se- censured by those whose motives this
vere censure of the treaty of Fone profound writerhas developed in a very
tainbleau , by which Buonaparte was masterly style. We are indebted,as he
sent to Elba -an,- examination of well observes, to the English Bishops
Montholon's letter, with notices of for the revolution in 1688, and for all
Lord Bathurst's speech on Lord Hol- the blessings which we now enjoy.
300 Analytical Notices. - Edinburgh Review . [ June
The EDINBURGH Review, No 55. several other pious and charitable pur
poses, besides the relief of the paro
1. Minutes of the Evidence taken chial poor. The practice is indeed of
before the Committee appointed by the long standing ; but even in those pa
House of Commons to inquire into the rishes where there are no legal assess
State of Mendicity and Vugrancy in mentri
ts, the amount of these voluntary
con butions is, from causes which it
the Metropolis and its neighbourhood.
- This is an essay on the “ Causes and is unnecessary to inquire into inthis
Cure of Pauperism ." The boldness, place, gradually diminishing. That
originality, and independence of sen- our southern neighours may have
timent, for which this celebrated jour. someidea of this mysterious sys
nal has been always remarkable, -to tem,” of which they have lately heard
say nothing of the acknowledged ta- so much, we must beg leave to tell
lent, good taste, and profound specua them , that for several years that we
lation, by which it has been so pecu- resided in the immediate vicinity of
liarly distinguished, -induced us to three country parish churches, this
enter upon the perusal of this article collection did not amount, on an avea
with very sanguine hopes of finding rage, in each of them , to the sum of
that which is at present of such incal- sixpence sterling weekly ; and what
culable interest - a clear exposition of became of this trifle we never heard,
the causes of the rapid increase of pau- nor thought it worth while to inquire.
perism , with somedefinite, enlightened, -As to the legal assessments, in so far
and practicable proposal for checking, as they have been deemed expedient,
at least, if not for eradicating , this chiefly owing to the non - residence of
most alarming evil. In these hopes the principal proprietors, there is little
we have beenmost grievously disap- danger that they can ever either be
pointed. The writer proposes to make come considerable in amount, at least
our southern neighbours acquainted in country parishes, or be bestowed on
with the benefits of the original paro- improper objects. These are the points
chial system of Scotland, - deeply de- most interesting to our brethren in
plores the introduction of legal assess the south, though the Reviewer says
ments for the poor in a few counties, not a word of either. In the com
and points out themeasures by which paratively few parishes where a poor
he thinks these hitherto very moderate rate is imposed, the heritors of the
contributions may be withdrawn, and parish, or their agents, along with
the purposes to which, in that event, the minister, hold regular meetings,
they may be advantageously applied. at which the assessment is imposed
Now this " originalparochial system ,” equally on themselves and their ten
this “ material mechanism of our pa- ants, according to the real or valued
rishes, ” and soon, may be described rent of each farm , after a careful ex
in one word, as being no system at amination ofthe cases of the applicants
all, --nothingmore than a practice, now for relief, who are required to attend
by no means universal, of making a the meeting, and except in case of
collection before divine service at the sickness or infirmity, usually do attend
church doors, or within the church and answer the questions which the
itself before the dismissal of the con- minister or other members of the meet
gregation , out of which the minister ing arein the practice of proposing to
and elders of a parish distribute small them . The money is collected by their
sums occasionally among the poor, ac- clerk, who is commonly scholmaster
cording to their own discretion. As of the parish ; the allowance to each
similar collections are made in the pauper , as fixed by the heritors, paid
meeting -houses of the numerous bo- by him ; and his accounts audited at
dies of dissenters which are to be their next meeting. How different all
found in every part of Scotland, of this is from the practice of England,
which a large portion is avowedly none ofour readers need be told ; but it
applied to other purposes than the is material to remark, that as those who
relief of the poor, this practice can impose the assessment pay a moiety of
hardly, with any propriety, be called a it themselves, and have thus an evident
parochial system . Even in the churches interest in limiting its amount, the rates
of the establishment, it is usual to levied for the poor even in the parishes
adopt this mode of raising funds for of Berwickshire nearest to the conta.
7
 1

1817.) Analytical Notices. - Edinburgh Review . 301

mination of the English system , and herds, who rear great numbers of
where assessinents have been estaba sheep, horses, cows, and goats. The
lished for many years , do not, in ordi- cause of the insalubrity ofthis country
nary seasons, amount to fourpence in is a mystery into which science has
the pound of rent.- Another striking notyet beenable to penetrate. 66 It
and most important difference between seems undeniable," says the Reviewer,
the English and Scottish poor laws, as " that whatever be the cause of this
now administered, is, that no relief is evil, its effects have increased , and are
given in Scotland to those who are increasing, at this moment." Rome
able to work ; and the absence of the itself suffers under the increased action
cruel and most injudicious laws of set of the Mal’ Aria; and theextraordina
tlement established inEngland, leaves ry diminution of its inhabitants within
every one at perfect liberty to carry twenty -one years, from 1791 to 1813,
his labour to the best market.- We from 166,000 to 100,000 , is partly
have no room to offer any remarkson ascribed tothis cause.
the measures proposed here for putting 3. Speech of the Right Honourable
an end topauperism ; butthesubstance George Canning in the House of Coma
of them is, —the multiplication of pa- mons, on Wednesday, January 29th,
rishes with schools and churches, and 1817, on the Motion for an Address to
a more intimate intercourse between his Royal Highness the Prince Regent,
the minister and his parishioners. It on his most gracious Speech from the
has now become the fashion, because Throne.The title ofthis article is,
thepoor laws of England are actually “ History of the Alarms." The object
a disgrace, as well as an intolerable of the Reviewer is to shew , that there
burden, to the nation , to cry out was nogood cause for the suspension
against all legal provision for the relief of the Habeas Corpus Act, and that it
of even the most helplessand despe- had not been suspended in times more
rate cases . In this part of theIsland, alarming than thepresent.
too far north as we are to write very 4. AusMeinem Leben . Von GOETHE,
learnedly on the subject,we have been This is a continuation of Goethe's Me
forward enough to join in this clam- moirs, containing recollections of his
our, and to supply the want of local travels in Italy. This volume, the
knowledge and dear- bought experie Reviewer says, will be judged by most
ence , by what we call general views, readers to be almost as doting as the
and of close and perspicuous argument preceding ones, without being equally
by elaborate declamation . entertaining ; but, however that may
2. Lettres écrites d'Italie en 1812 et be, the article itself is entertaining in
1813, à Mr Charles Pictet, l'un des no ordinary degree. Goethe and his
Rédacteurs de la Bibliothéque Britan- adventures are the subject of much
nique. Par FREDERIC SULLIN de good - humoured ridicule.
Chateauvieur .- The object ofthis book 5. Interesting Facts relating to the
is to explain the rural economy of Fall and Death of Joachim Murat,
Italy ; and the title of the article is, King of Naples, & c. By FRANCIS
Agriculture and Statistics of Italy .” MACIRONE.- The “ Foreign Policy of
The most interesting part of thecri- England ” stands atthe top of thepages
tique, perhaps, is the accountof Man of this Critique ; but the Reviewers
remma, which forms the third division confine their attention to the affairs of
of the Italian territory. This singular Italy. The Congress of Vienna, and
tract extends along the shore of the particularly the representatives of this
Mediterranean, from Leghorn to Tere country at that memorable assembly,
racina, and reaches inland as far as the are freely censured at the outset ; and
first chain of the Appennines. Its the transactions regarding Genoa and
length is 192 geographical miles ; and Ragusa, in 1813 and 1814, brought in
in the Agro Romana, where it is proof of themisconduct ofour govern
greatest, the breadth is between 30 ment. The Reviewers cannot too much
and 40 of these miles. It is unfortu . recommend this book to the reader's
nately distinguished by the character attention , whether he look for enter
of Mal Aria, an unhealthy constitue tainment, or for information with re
tion of the atmosphere, or of the soil, spect to the views and conduct of the
during thesummer season ; and is in- legitimates. An accountis then given
habited only during the winter, and of the abominable treatment which
chiefly by a race of wandering shep- Macirone had experienced from the
VOL. I. 3Q
302 Analytical Notices. - Edinburgh Reviete. [ June
Papal government - of his repairing to' The only remark we would beg leave
Italy and becoming an officer of the to offer on this important part of the
staff to Murat - of the arrangement question is, that the statute of Charles,
between Lord William Bentinck and recognizing the prorogation ofparlia
that personage, and the conduct of our ment for three years without being
government in consequence. Some called together, seerns to be in direct
very interesting extracts are given from opposition to the more ancient laws,
the work , regarding Murat's conceal- which required a parliament to be held
ment near Marseilles, before he was every year ; and some explanation of
able to effect his escape to Corsica; and this obvious inconsistency might have
a few curious particularsoftheauthor's been expected from this very learn
reception at the English head - quarters, ed writer.- As to universal suffrage,
to which he was sent by Fouchè with scarcely the vestige of a foundation for
propositions after the battle of Was this claim can be discovered ;and what
terloo , -- and of his passage thither, we know of the structure of society in
through Blucher's army. The article the earlier periods of our history, is
concludes with noticing a story about sufficient of itself to convince us, that
thedeath of Berthier, which is said , this pretended right never was exer
with truth , not to be over and above cised ,-as we are certain, that in the
credible. present state of society, it never can
6. The title of this article is, “ An- be, without speedily blending, in one
nual Parliaments and Universal Suff- undistinguishable mass of ruin, the
rage,” and we suppose, that the way in liberties, the energies, and the re
which the subject is discussed here, sources of the nation .
will give satisfaction to the well in- 7. Wat Tyler, a dramatic poem ;
formed and well disposed, whatever and A Letter to William Smith, Esq.
may be their political attachments. M. P. From ROBERT SOUTHEY, Esq.
Regarding annual parliaments, the -The readers of the Edinburgh Re
-

Reviewer proves clearly, by numerous view will at once anticipate the leading
references to the rolls of parliament, contents of this article .
and other authentic records, that 8. Transactions of the Geological
though it was provided by several Society, Vol. II. — There are twenty
statutes, that parliaments should be four papers in this volume, of which
held every year, yet, that a new parlia . sixteen relate to different localities in
ment was not chosen every year, but the British islands, and three only to
continued by prorogation for an inde. foreign geology. The account of it is
finite period,-in one instance, so early favourable.
as the reign of Edward IV. for near 9. Tales of my Landlord . — This
three years, and much longer by seve critique is introduæd by some excel.
eral of his successors. This preroga. lent remarks on the general character
tive of the crown was recognized in of the author's performances; and then
one of the first acts of the long parlia- the Reviewer exhibits a concise ana.
ment, by which a parliament which lysis of the present work, interspersed
was continued by prorogation, and did with copious and well selected extracts.
not meet within three years after its What strikes us as rather singular is,
lastsitting,wasdeclared to be dissolved. that the circumstance of the author's
“ We trust we have now proved ,” being a Tory, which the critic thinks
say the Reviewers, “ to the satisfac- he has discovered him to be, is assign
tion of our readers, that, Ist, The me- ed as a reason for passing over some
thod of continuing parliaments by pro- of his peccadilloes, with scarcely any
rogation , was known from theearliest reproof. It is possible enough, that
period of our parliamentary history. Reviewers, as well as Poets, may some
2d, That the laws of Edward III. and times nod ; for true it is, that the
other princes, for annual parliaments, conclusion of this gentleman's lucu
did not affect, and were not intended brations is not altogether in his usual
to affect, this prerogative. 3d, That style ; and something a great dealbet
the statute of 16 Charles I. chap. 1. ter weighed, was to be expected on
was the first act that touched or limit- the topics to which be there adverts
ed this prerogative of the crown ; and , Martin himself, in the corresponding
4th , That the triennial act of King article of the Quarterly Review , shews
Williain was the first statute which a more kindly disposition towards his
homely brother in the bour of his trie
limited theduration of parliament to bulation
a fixed and certain term of years. "- .
 1917. ) Literary and Scientific Intelligence. 303

LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INTELLIGENCE.

Discovery of a rich veinof Lead Ore the porphyritic trap, but that oatmeal
at Lead Hills. We are informed by Mr is capable of producing the same effects;
Braid, surgeon at Lead Hills, that a few by spreading about two quarts of it on
weeks ago a very rich vein of lead ore a large dish, and putting it in an ex
was discovered in the Scots Mining Com- hausted receiver, when it will freeze near.
pany's field . The vein is fully four feet ly a pint of water in a few minutes ;
wide, and filled from wall to wall with the latter being in a pot of porous
pure unmixed galena, or lead glance. This earthenware. The fact itself is valuable,
important and valuable discovery will in all not only to confectioners and private fa .
probability raise the mines of Lead Hills to milies at home, but also to residents
their former flourishing state. in the hottest climes. The absorbent
Cumberland Lead Mines. Weare also powder recovers all its qualities,after
informed , that it is in agitation to re-open operation, if dried in the sun, orbefore a
the lead mines of Cumberland, in Lanark- fire.
shire, the property of Michael Linning, The interesting experiment, by Pro
Esq., which havebeen lately surveyed by fessor Leslie, announced in our First Num .
Professor Jameson . ber, under the above title , has been suc
In January last, Dr Macculloch read a cessfully repeated by Mr Stodart. The
paper to the Geological Society of London, Stone from which he made his absorbent
on the Parallel Roads of Glenroy, inwhich powder was taken from SalisburyCrags,
the ingenious author, after a particular des- near Edinburgh ; this was pounded and
cription of these appearances, entered into a dried ; and with it, under an exhausted
minute consideration of all the hypotheses rcceiver, a small body of water was soon
which have been suggested relative to the frozen . On preparing a very low receiver,
mode of their formation . He thinks the and procuring a larger surface of earth,
theory which regards them as the remains the process was accelerated, a larger body
of the shores of a lake, is the most proba- of water being soon converted into a cake
ble ; but allows the difficulties attending of ice. Experiments were made with
everyopinion as to their origin . various otherabsorbents, of which pipe
The absolute horizontality of these clay was the best, equalising in intensity
“ roads” is a point which , hitherto, has the whin -trap itself. The latter, howa
been assumed from inspection with the ever, when in a state of complete decom
naked eye, not proved by actual levelling. position , will probably prove to be the
But we are happy to be ableto inform our best material for the refrigeratingprocess.
readers, that within these few days, this This elegant discovery of the Professor
point has been determined in the most promises to prove equally interesting to
satisfactory manner . Mr Lauder Dick , the philosopher, and important in its apó
plication to the common purposes of life
with the assistance of some scientific friends,
has ascertained , by a series of levellings, in every climate .
Whether required as
executed with the utmost care, that the a luxury in health or as a necessary in
** roads " are perfectly horizontal at every sickness, ice may at all times be readily
point. He has also examined minutely procured.
the corresponding appearances in the At a late meeting of the Bath Literary
neighbouring valleys of Glengloy and and Philosophical Society, Dr.Wilkinson,
Glenspian ; and made a variety of obser . in remarking upon a paper presented by
vations, serving very much to confirm Dr Wollaston, relative tothe theory of the
those views relative to their origin , which diamond - cutting glass, mentioned , that he
he lately delivered to the Royal Society of had some micrometers, made by the late
Edinburgh. Mr Coventry, where the lines on glass had
Artificial Congelation .-New theories of been so finely drawn , that the cross lines
Chemistry and Geology may now be ex. formed a series of squares; so minute, that
pected to start up from the recent discover- 25 millions are equal to no more than one
ies of Professor Leslie, whose frigorific pro square inch . -
cess, by the combined powers of absorption The plan of a new drag for searching
and evaporat acts with uncommon for drowned bodies has been submitted
energy and effect. He has lately ascertain- to, and approved by, the same society. It
ed , that the congealing power is not con. consists of an iron-rod, at least six feet,
tined to the absorbent earths, particularly , in length , divided into three parts by.
7
 304 Literary and Scientific Intelligence. [ June
two joints ; so that, as the sides of rivers the expense of raising them will proba
are generally sloping , the two extremi. bly benot more than one -fifth part of the
ties of the rod may lie on either bank, money.
while the central part keeps its horizon- Saturday, the 10th ult. Mr Moir ex
tal position on the bed of the river. To hibited a model of a machine before the
this road are attached a number of creep . Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty ,
ers , at the endof small chains, about a foot for impelling a vessel against the stream ,
asunder. This instrument, towed by a without the applicationof sails , oars , or
small boat, will, it is conceived , completely steam .
search the bed and banks of any small Bath Literary and Philosophical So.
river. ciety .- March 17. - Mrs Grose favoured
African Expedition . - Accounts have been the Society with some specimens ofthe
received from Lieutenant Campbell , on Cicada mannaferens, or locust of New
whom devolved the command of the ex- South Wales, and likewise of the wild
pedition for Exploring the Joliba or Niger honey or manna deposited by that animal
River, on the death of Major Peddie , stato on a large Forest tree called the Eucalyp
ing his arrival at the head of the river Nu. tus. This insect continues but a short
nez, whence he intended proceeding across time in its winged state ; it was first ob
the mountains towards "Bammakoo, the served in November 1800, by Colonel
place at which Mr Park embarked ; on the Paterson , in the pupa state, and on the
surface of which Lieutenant Campbell and same day it appeared with its wings
his companions are in all probability at this through an opening in the back of the
time.
outer covering ; it was then in a very
Earthquakes. Thefollowing is an enu . weak state, and slowly left its original
meration of earthquakes felt in different abode. The rapidity with which the in
parts
last : of the
world since the first of January sect enlarges after this is surprising ; in
Jan. 13. In the Gulf Stream .
the course of a few hours it can fly to the
top of the tallest eucalyptus, which gene
17. At Chamouny, in Switzerland . rally grows to the height of sixty or se
19. At the same place. Venty feet. On this tree Colonel Pater
20. At the same place, and also at son first discovered the manna in great
Alcocer , in Spain . quantities, apparently produced by these
Feb. 11 . insects . It may be collected both in a
13. At the same place. liquid and in a saccharine state : the in.
14 .
habitants gathered it, and used it for some
18. At Madrid , Barcelona, Lerida, time as sugar, but soon discovered that
and Saragossa . it possessed in some degree the quality of
March 11. At Lyons. manna .
The extraordinary noise these
15. At Chamouny, and Messina, in little creatures make is deserving of no
Sicily. tice : the males first begin with a note
18. At Madrid, Pampeluna, and similar to that of the land -rail, and re
several other parts of Spain. peat it for several times ; at length the
22. At Pampeluna. females join, when the combination of
25.) Atoother
Frascati, Gensano, trand notes
adjacent places in Italy. exactly resembles the noise of grind .
ing knives or razors ; and hence the in
26.0 One shock particularly vio- sect is popularly known by the name of
lent. the razor-grinder. It makes its appear
28. At Chamouny . ance about the end of November, and
30 . ditto .
early in January deposites its eggs in the
31 . ditto . ground. The larva is perfect in Septem
April 1. ditto . ber, when it is formed into the pupa, in
2. ditto, very violent, direction which state it remains until November.
from north to south .
There is a species of the insect in New
(Day not mentioned ) At Palermo. South Wales of the same appearance, and
A gentleman at Blackheath has found which make the same sort of noise, but
that alcohol and snow , or ice mixed to produces no manna .
gether, form an absorbent of such capa- The university of Cambridge has re
city, that the temperature of snow , when cently received a gift of £ 20,000 from an
the alcohol is not very strong, is reduced unknown individual, who is stated to be
from 32 ° to 17º.
on the verge of concluding a century, and
Orders have gone down to Plymouth who has adopted this plan in preference
for the Resolute bell-vessel to repair to to a testamentary bequest, as the legacy
Portsmouth , in order that the state of duty is thereby saved . The gift is ex
the Royal George may be ascertained , pressly to St Peter's College ; the Mas.
preparatory to the removal of her hull, ter and Fellows of which, it is said , in
either together or in pieces. Her remains tend to expend the interest of the sum in
are'estimated to be worth £ 56,000 , while founding some new Scholarships, and
1817.) Literary and Scientific Intelligence. 305

augmenting theincome of some ofthe poor of these agents, theaction of the other two
er fellowships. is paralysed. M. Fouque, jun. of Paris,
The Rev. Robert Tyrwhitt, of Jesus Col. is said to have succeeded in effecting this,
lege, Cambridge, has bequeathed to that by producing a vacuum in an apparatus,
university £1000 navy five per cents, for simple, easily used, and not expensive.
the promotion of Hebrew learning. He has made his apparatus of two sizes.
The Rev. Dr;CharlesBurney, and the One, which is intended to be kept in the
Rev. John Cleaver Banks, trustees of a kitchen to receive the dishes to be preserved ,
certain fund appropriated to the use of the is made of a square piece of flatstone, thir.
late ProfessorPorson during his life, have teen inches in diameter. In this stone a
conferred to the university of Cambridge, circular groove is cut, and furnished with
£ 400 navy five per cent. stock , the interest mastic ( ur lute ) ; a cast-metal is fixed into
of which isannually to be employed in the thegroove, anda hole is pierced in the top
purchase of a book or books, to be given to of the bell of one line in diameter. The
the resident under - graduate who shall make other safe consists of a large earthen pot
the best translation of a proposed passage of a thin consistence, round the mouthof
in Shakspeare, Ben Jonson, Massinger, or which a luted groove is cut, and a cast
Beaumont and Fletcher , into Greek verse . metal bell, witha hole in the top fitted into
-The passage fixed upon for thepresent it, in the same manner as in the other safe.
year is the second part of Henry IV . act When the substances, which it is desired to
third, scene first, beginning with “ O preserve , have been placed in either of
Sleep, ” and ending with “ Deny it to a these safes, a little spunge is dipped into
King. spirit of wine, of 33 degrees, then placed in
The List of Publications entered at Sta . a sauce upon the eatables, and afterwards
tioners' Hall, has made its appearance , set fire to by means of a match . A con .
in 26 folio pages, for the year since June siderable dilation immediately takes place,
last. Above three-fourths of these have which expels the atmospheric air ; and in
been demanded by the ten Universities, order toprevent its return into the appara
and Libraries entitled thereto. It appears tus, the hole in the top of the bell isquick
that Trinity College, Dublin , and the Scot- ly stopt with common wax. 'A small quan
tish Advocates' Library , are the only two tity of atmospheric air may perhaps get
institutions which do not demand novels and again into the bell ; but not more, it is
music . probable, than the combustion ofthe spirit
We may soon expectto be gratified by of wine, notyet finished , will suffice to de
the commencement of the Grand National compose, and convert into carbonic acid
monument, whichis finallydetermined on , gas, the preservative property of which is
upon the design of Mr Wilkins, author of well known .
the Antiquities of Magna Græcia , and M.A. A new census has been taken of the popu
of Cambridge. There was a choice of two lation of Paris, which has been found to
hundred designs, and the expense is estima. exceed 860,000 being 20,000 more than
ted at £ 200,000 . London within the bills of mortality.
Dr Esquirol has read to the Academy
of Sciences of the Institute , a memoir on
FRANCE.
the kind of mental derangement to which
he gives the name of hallucination, a new
A translation into French of the “ Tales term , denoting a species of insanity, in
of my Landlord ” has just been published which the patient receives, throughone or
at Paris, in 4 vols 12mo. more senses, those impressions which sight
Les Archivesdesdécouvertes et inventions aloneotherwise conveys. In support of the
published at principles and considerations which he
pendant 1816, lately
l'annéeaccounts of the discoveries has developed, he adduces some very cu .
Paris, contain
of M. Gay -Lussac on the combinations of rious facts, and among others, the case
azote and oxygen , and on prussic acid : of of a person almost the onlysignof whose
those of M. Poisson on the theoryof the derangement consisted in his hearing secret
tides ; and of M. Biot on light. M. Biot, voices, which incessantly reproached him
it appears, is making rapid advancement in with something that he had done.
the career of the illustrious Malus ; and his M. Laugier, who was the first that dis
invention of the fine instrument to which covered the presence of sulphur and of
he has given the name of colorigrade, chronium in aërolites has subinitted to the
proves how eagerly he seeks to turn the Academy of Sciences a memoir, in which
results of his discoveries to purposes of he proves, by, the details of chemical
use . analysis, the identity of the elements of
It is a well established principle, that those substances with the enormous masses
three united agents concur in thedestruc. of iron found in Siberia by Pallas, and
tion of alimentary substances - air, heat, which seem , in their composition and
and water ; and that, by neutralizing one origin , to be like other masses found in
 306 Literary and Scientific Intelligence. [June
different parts of the world, in the midst 432 cubic feet, in the space of six or seven
of vast plains from all the fossils of which minutes with five to eight men , or with
they differ . one horse power. It equally works at the
Perpetual Motion . — To the many sup- borders or edges of rivers, the same as in
posed solutions of the problem of perpe. the deep middle stream , clearing all away ,
tual motion , another has just been added or deepening as required .--- Also , a mill for
bya M. Louis of Valence, formerly cap- draining marshes, overflowed lands, & c .
tain in the Neapolitan service. He has which it performs with such celerity, that,
found, he says, " means to raise a co . for example, in 1770 acres , there are
lumn of water strong enough to force an . 77,101,200 square feet, which , multipli .
other to the same height. Thus, when the ed by four, the depth given, contains
impulse is once given, this machine will 308,404,800 cubic English feet, for the
perpetually retain its action, if there ex mass of water to be drained ; this can
istsa fluid which does not lose by evapora . be done with ease by one mill in 359
tion, or a material indestructible by use. days, whatever the wind may be ; and
One may however employ a quantity of an instance has been known of its empty
water sufficient in play for several years. minute
ing the amazing quantity of 320 tons per
.
This same machine may be employed as
the impelling power, for the produc
tion of various kinds of regular motions. :
The inventor proposes to adapt a clep . GERMANY .
sydra to it, and he is convinced , that, by
means of a basin or reservoir, a private It has been great
house might derive various advantages fogscontain a recently ascertained,
portion of water, that
but
from it ." not in a condensed state, being kept sus
Ancient Tombs... There has just been pended by the opposed powers of the elec
discovered at Baslieux, near Longwy, a tric fluid with which it is charged . A
considerable number of ancient tombs con .
convincing proof meteorological
cealed under broad stones, the removaled by a curious of this was lately afford .
occurrence
of which uncovers square compartments in Westphalia, where the fog being driven
of brick -work. In each tomb was found by a gentle north-east wind against the
a skeleton, rarely two, and several parts trees, the electric fluid was attracted, con
ofarms,such as sabres, swords, javelins, densation and congelation took place, and
arrows, daggers, axes, & c . An iron head the largest trees were torn up by the roots ,
of an arrow placed inthe centre of a skull, by thepreponderating weight of ice upon
is doubtless the sign of a combat. No
their branches.
sign of christianity hasbeen found among Messrs Kauffinann , senior and junior,
the numerous articles that have been col . of Dresden , have exhibited four instru .
lected . On a bas relief some persons think ments composing an orchestra, which
they recognise the principal GallicDi. theycall the Belloneon, the Cordalaudion,
vinity, Mercury Teutates. According to the Automaton Trumpeter, and the Har .
appearances, it is thought that the time of monicord . The upper part of the Bello
the event which gave rise to these inhuma neon exhibits a trophy of arms, in the
tions, may be fixed about the first irrup- midst of which are placed twenty-four
tionsof the Vandals, in the beginning of trumpets reversed ; and the lower part
the 15th century: encloses two kettle drums with their
No less than five new epic poems are an . sticks. It executes flourishes and march
nounced as being soon toenrich the litera es with extraordinary perfection. If it
ture of France. Their titles are Philip- it contained other wind instruments, it
Augustus, by Mr Perceval Grandmaison ; might be compared with Mälzl's Pan
The Muccabces, by Mr Raynouard ; The harmonicon , exhibited some time since
Holy War, by Mr Fontanes ; Tasso, by in London and Paris. The Cordalaudion
Mr Campenon ; and Richard, by Madame produces together and separately the
de Stael.
sounds of the piano -forte, and of four
flutes, which play with such precision
and accuracy, that the illusion is com
plete. The Automaton gives out notes
NETHERLANDS. with double sounds. But these instru
ments, though highly curious, are sure
An ingenious mechanic in Holland in- passed by the Harmonicord. It is shaped
vented , some years ago, a machine for like an upright piano -forte ; a cylinder
deepening, and scouring canals, rivers, is adapted to it, and turns at a very small
docks, ports, &c. which , at the depth of distance from the strings, which are the
12 or 20 feet, cuts up all sand, mud , or same as those of the piano. By pressing
hard clay, with the greatest case . This down the keys, which embrace four oc
machine can 'fill a nud-boat , containing taves and a half, the friction is effected.
 1817.) Literary and Scientific Intelligence. 307

Two pedals serve to make the rotation of the ruins of the Temple of Castor. ' It cor
the cylinder quicker or slower, and to ren . responds with the tables that were found
der the vibration stronger or weaker . Un some time before, and deposited in the Ca
der the hands of Messrs Kauffmannthis in . pitol. They contain the names of eight of
strument gives out sweeter tones than the the Decemvirs, who were the authors of the
Harmonica, and produces a truly celestial law of the twelve tables.
harmony. The following account of the manu
Mr Menke of Berlin has invented a pro- scripts lately discovered, and published by
cess for converting Mahogany saw -dust into Mr Mai of the Ambrosian Library at Mi.
a soft paste, which becomes harder by ex- lan , we give in his own words : - “ A.
posure to the atmosphere, and is suscep- mongst the Bobian MSS,” says he, “ I
tible of receiving and retaining the forms found one which contains the works of the
given to marble, wood, and bronze. This Christian poet Sedulius ; and , while I was
substance takes the most beautiful gilding, examining it very closely- immortal
as well as the colour of bronze. It is made God !' on a sudden I exclaimed, ' what is
into candelabra , lustres, lamps, vases, sta- it that I see ? Behold Cicero ! behold the
tues, and all kinds of ornaments for fur. light of Roman eloquence buried in un
niture, which equal in elegance the finest merited obscurity ! I recognise thelost ora
Tully ,I perceive his eloquence
works in bronze,and cost only one-eighth of tions ofwith
the price. flowing godlikeforce from these foun
The Catalogue of the late Leipsic Easter tains, abounding with sonorous words and
Fairoccupies 330 octavo pages, being consi- noble sentiments.? By degrees the titles
derably thicker than of late years, a proof also of the works disclosed themselves in
of the favourable influence of the pre- the margin of the MS. Judge with what
sent pacific state of affairs upon the branches rapture I was filled , when I detected large
of trade connected with literature and the unpublished fragments of three orationsof
sciences. Cicero, to wit, pro Scauro , pro Tullio, and
pro Flacco. They are written in large and
beautiful characters, each page being di
vided into three columns. The oration pro
ITALY. Scauro , is surrounded with elegant scholia,
of which some are written in very ancient,
Sculpture, fc. Rome, 27th March . though minute, capital letters ; others in a
The digging up of the very ancient Urns ruder hand, but still ancient, and, asit ap
and Sarcophagi about Albano, is diligent- pears, from the same author. The writer of
ly continued. Their form is rude, re- these scholia I suspect to have been Asconius
presenting sometimes little towers, some Pædianus. For the style and complexion ,
times strange little houses, in the shape and kind of writing, seem to point him out.
of an oven . These are found, of every The MS. is in octavo, because the monkish
variety of size, filled with ashes and transcribers of Sedulius doubled the quarto
leaves. The character of the Sedulius is of
boneswhich
; and thefastened
openingwith
is brass
closed by a
lid , is pins. a very ancient form , but very different from
Round about, and also within some of that of the Cicero. It is the opinion of se
them , are pieces of amber, little shields, veral antiquaries, that the former may be
swords, lances, and clasps of metal, pots,
lamps, and tripods. The material of
referred to the eighth century of the Chrisa
tian era ; and the latter to the second or
which these sarcophagi or urns are com third . The four books of Sedulius are
posed, is not burnt earth, but, according mentioned in the ancientcatalogue publish
to appearance, a 'mixture of earth and mi- ed by Muratori, and this Codex continues
neral pitch, or coals. What is most re- them , though in a mutilated state.' These
markable is, that in order to find them , manuscripts formed part of the library of a
one must dig first through a layer of Pe- convent at Bobio, in the Appennines, which
perino, andthen a thick stratumof earth ; had been purchased in the seventeenth cen
so that it is evident that they have been tury , andbrought to Milan.
buried under a stratum of lava, like Her
' culaneum and Pompeii. Now since, ac
cording to the tradition, Ascaneus founded
his new city on the Lake of Castel Gon SPAIN.
dolfo, (the extinguished volcano of the
place,) the antiquity of these things must Madrid, April 29.- The king has con
be placed further back than the Trojan sulted the academy of St Ferdinand on
war, however averse one may be to allow the best means of checking the inundation
this. The Archæological Society at Rome of ludicrousengravings, in which picture
has already begun to examine all these sellers carry on a traffic humiliating to the
remains ; and we may expect very divided arts, and even to the nation. Objects the
opinions, and violent disputes, on the sub- most sacred, the King, all the august mem
ject. bers of the Royal Family, are made the
A fragment of the Consular Annals was subject of such engravings, and are even
found at Rome, on the 29th of March, in transformed into caricatures. To avoid this
308 Works preparing for Publication . [ June
profanation , and on the report of the aca . the academy, and not wishing to take the
demy, itis ordered title of the same, shall be fined fifty ducats
1st, That individuals even of thatbody, (about £6 sterling), in case they should
or of whatever class they may be, shall not presume to paint, engrave, or in any other
in future publish anywork of art, or of li- manner give to the public the representa
terature, without having the same first sub- tions of sacred objects, or portraits of his
mitted to censors, and obtaining the appro- Majesty, or of the persons of the Royal
bation of the academy. Family,without having previously obtained
2d , That those who are not members of the consent of the academy.

WORKS PREPARING FOR PUBLICATION.

LONDON .
Annals of the Fine Arts. The Fourth greatincrease of matter, is expected to ap
Part of this work , which has been delayed pear in July.
beyond its usual time in consequence of the Capt. C. Clarke of the Royal Artillery ,
death of one of the proprietors ,will be pub- has in the press a Summary of the State of
lished early in June, and the succeeding Spain at the Restoration of Ferdinand VII.
parts as regularly as heretofore. A new work , in one volume 8vo, will
Dr Jackson is preparing for publication shortly appear, entitled , “ Authentic Me
a Sketch of the History and Cure of Febrile moirs of the Revolution in France, and of
Diseases ; more particularly the Febrile the Sufferings of the Royal Family :" de
Diseases of the West Indies, as they ap- duced chiefly from accounts by eye-witness
pear among the Soldiers of the British es, which will exhibit, besides information
Army. from other sources , a combined narrative of
Mr Nichols will publish, in the course of details from MM . Hue, Clery ,Edgeworth ,
the month, a Journal of a voyage to New and the lately published and interesting
Zealand in company with the Rev. Samuel Journal of the Duchesse D'Angouleme
Marsden ‫ ;ܪ‬withan account of the state of Thomas Walter Williams of the Inner
that country Temple, Esq. is printing a continuation of
A work on the Ruins of Gour is an . his compendious Abstract of all the Public
nounced, which will be represented in 18 Acts ,on the same scale andplan as the acts
Views,with a Topographical Map; the passed anno 1816, which will be published
whole compiled fromthe manuscripts and immediately afterthe close of the present
drawings of the late N. Creighton, Esq. Session of Parliament
Theninth volume of the Poetical Regis. We are extremely happy to hear thatMiss
ter, containing above three hundred original Edgeworth has another work immediately
and fugitive poems, and numerouscriticisms forthcoming, consisting of two tales, Har.
on poetic and dramatic works, will appear rington and Ormond , forming, together,
this month . The tenth volume is in pre. three volumes.
paration. The third volume of the new edition of
The Lady's Receipt Book, containing a Wood's Athena Oxoniensis, with great ad
collection of valuablemiscellaneous receipts ditions, edited and continuedby Mr Bliss,
and choice secrets, inuseful, elegant, and will be published the end of this month,
ornamental cuts, by Wm Pybus, author of closely printed in royal 4to . The fourth
a Manual of Useful Knowledge, & c. will volume isin thepress.
speedily appear . A small work of much utility will be
Lectures on Scripture Doctrines are pre- published in a few days, entitled , Errors of
paring by DrWmBengo Collyer. Pronunciation, and improper Expressions
The Hon. Wm Herbert hasnearly ready in current use , chiefly by the inhabitants of
for publication, a new and corrected edition London ; to whichare added those in simi.
of theMusæEtonensis, with additional pieces. lar mis -use by the inhabitants of Paris.
Dr Montucci has in the press an Account A new Spanish and English Dictionary
of the Rev. Robert Morrison's Chinese Dic- will be published withina few days, in
tionary, and of his own. It will form a which the number of additional words in
4to volume, containing about 200 pages, corporated exceeds 50,000. It will be the
on superfinevellum paper, with above 1000 most complete dictionary of any two lan
engraved Chinese characters. es
guag extan . t
The Rev. T. F. Dibdin's Bibliographical Mr Colburn has in the press a Transla
Decameron , which has been delayed by the tion of the very interesting Narrative of the
 1817.) Works Preparing for Publication. 309
Russian Captain Golownin, who was de- ries of the Church , and a list ofall the Bene
tained for threeyears a prisoner among the fices in England andWales, is in the press.
Japanese. The Rev. Dr Williams is preparing for
The Rev. Wm. Milne is printing, in an publication a new treatise on geographical
Svo volume, a Translation from the Chin-. science, to be entitled , The Geographical
ese, with Notes, of the Sacred Edict, con- Mirror; containing an accurate and com
of theknownworld,
taining sixteen maxims of the Emperor prehensive description recent
Kanghi, amplified by his son, Yoong Ching ; according to the most discoveries and
with a paraphrase bya Mandarin. arrangements ; , to which will be added , a
The Rev. W. Bellamy is preparing for comparative view of ancient and modern
the press , a Concordance to the Bible, to be Geography, with an interesting and popular
printed of a uniform size with the editions selection of notices respectingthe manners,
of the Family Bible, lately edited under the customs, antiquities, and leading historical
direction of the Society for Promoting outlines of the various nations of the earth.
Christian Knowledge ;by the Rev. Geo. The same author has in the press The Pa
D'Oyley and the Rev. Dr Mant. rent's Catechism of Useful Knowledge.
Mr Alex. Chalmers has completed that A new work has been commenced , under
great undertaking, the new edition of the the title of TheContinental Medical Reposi.
General Biographical Dictionary, in 32 vols tory ; exhibiting a concise view of the latest
8vo. Themagnitude of the labour may discoveries and improvements made on the
be conceived, when it is known that this Continent in medicine, surgery, and phar
edition has been augmented by 3934 ad- macy ; conducted by E. von Embden, and
ditional lives ; of the remaining number, assisted by other gentlemen of the faculty.
2176 have been re -written , and the whole It will be published in quarterly numbers.
revised and corrected. Appended to each The Greeks ; being the Jeremiad of an
article are copious references to the sources exiled Greek, “ Venu de France d'une
whence the materials are derived . manière inconnue," with notes and charac
Mr Conrad Loddiges of Hackney, long ters, will be published in a few days.
celebrated as a cultivator of plants,is pre- At the commencement of 1818 , will be
paring for the press the Botanical Cabinet, published, ( to be continued regularly , at
containing coloured plates of exotic and Bri- least once every three months,) Vol. I. Part
tish flowers which have blown in his garden . I. of the Encyclopædia Metropolitana, or
The whole will be published in parts, and Universal Dictionary of Knowledge, on an
comprehend a great number of the most original plan ; comprising thetwo-fold ad
curious species known in Great Britain . vantage of a philosophical and an alphabe
The Clerical Guide, or Ecclesiastical Di. tical arrangement; with appropriate and
rectory, containing a register of the Dignita- entirely new engravings.

EDINBURGH .
Lectures on the History of Ancient and issued Proposals for publishing by subscrip
Modern Literature ; translated from the tion, in three 8vo vols, an interesting work
German of Frederick Schlegel ; with notes,of greatresearch , entitled,The Holy Scrip
and an introduction by the translator, in tures Illustrated ; from the Geography of
2 vols 8vo . the East ; from Natural History ; and from
Lacunar Strevelinense. A Collection of the Customs and Manners of Ancient and
Heads, etched and engraved after theCarved Modern Nations. Though the general
Work which formerly decorated the Roof scheme has been anticipated, the proposed
of the King's Room in Stirling Castle. In arrangement is more systematic than any
one volume imperial quarto. former work , and there is every reason to
A Treatise on Geognosy andMineralogical expect a performance that must be a valua
Geography, with numerous plates, illustra- ble accession to the Christian Library.
tive ofthe mineralogical structure of the Rob Roy ; by the author of Waverley ,
earth in general, and that of Great Britain & c . 3 vols .
and other countries in particular ; by Pro- Dr Duncan jun. has nearly completed
fessor Jameson. In 2 vols 8vo. the new edition of the Edinburgh Practice
The Edinburgh Encyclopædia, Vol. XI. of Physic.
Part II.
A new History of Berwick upon Tweed,
Supplement to the Encyclopædia Britan- with notices of the neighbouring villages ;
nica, Vol. II. Part II. by the Rey. Thomas Johnstone, minister of
A Summary of the Law relating to the the Low Meeting -House in that town, in
granting New Trials in Civil Suits by Courts 1 vol. 12mo., accompanied with a new plan of
of Justice in England ; by John Peter the town , will appeartowards the end of July.
Grant, Esq. 8vo. Mr W. Paterson , author of Views in
Sermons, by the Rev. Dr Romeyn of Edinburgh, is preparing for the press a work
New York , are printing, in one volume on the Scenery and Antiquities of Mid- Lo
8vo . and will speedily be published . thian , the first part of which will speedily
Professor Paxton , of Edinburgh, has just be published .
Vol . I. 2 R
310 Monthly List of New Publications . [ June

MONTHLY LIST OF NEW PUBLICATIONS.

LONDON .
BIOGRAPHY. Albert Durer's Prayer Book ; consisting
LIVES of Haydn and Mozart, with of 45 Designs of exquisitely tasteful Or
Criticisms upon their Works ; to which are naments, with a portrait copied on stone,
added , Observations on Metastasio, and on from an edition published at Munich. No l.
the present State of Music in France and ( to be completed in 5 monthly numbers .)
Italy. In a Series of Letters written at 10s. 6d.
Vienna ; translated from the French , with A Series of Incidents of English Bravery ,
Notes, by the author of “ Sacred Melodies," during the late Campaigns on the Continent;
8vo . 12s. by A.Atkinson. No l. (to be completed in
The Annual Biography and Obituary 6 monthly numbers.). 6s.
for the year 1816 , 8vo. 158. The Costume of the Netherlands, illus
Memoirs of John Philip Kemble, Esq. trated by 30 Coloured Engravings, after
with a Critique on his Performances ; by Drawings by Miss Semple ; imperial 4to .
John Ambrose Williams. 58. 6d . £ 2 , 8s.
Memoirs and Remains of the late Rev. British Gallery ofContemporary Portraits.
Charles Buck ; containing copious Extracts No XXIII . e
from his Diary, and interesting Letters to Picturesqu Voyage round Great Bri:
his Friends ; interspersed with yarious Ob- tain ; by W. Daniel, A.R.A. No XXXIII .
servations illustrative of his Character and 10s. 6d .
Works ; by J. Styles, D.D. 5s. GEOGRAPHY .
BOTANY. A Geographical Sketch of the Principal
Conversations on Botany, illustrated by Mountains throughout the World ; exhibit
20 engravings. ing, at one View , their Comparative Eleva .
CLASSICS : tions, and grouped according to their re
Q. Horatii Flacci Opera, ad Exemplar spective chains ; founded upon the most
Recensionis Bentleianæ plerumque emen- exact Geographical and Barometrical Ad.
Edidit measurements. 8s.
data , et brevibus Notis instructa .
Thomas Kidd , A.M.E. Coll. S.S. Trin . HISTORY
royal 18mo. 7s. 6d . royal 12mo. 15s. The History of the British Revolution of
COMMERCE. 1688-9, recording all the Events connected
Tables for easily determining the Arbri- with that transaction in England, Scotland,
tration of Exchanges between London and and Ireland, down to the capitulation of
the principal Commercial Towns in Eü. Limerick in 1691 ; by George Moore, Esq.
rope ; by J. L. Tiarks, A.M. £] , 1s.
14s.
DRAMA . The Annual Register for 1816, 8vo. 16s.
Comic Dramas, in three acts ; by Maria HORTICULTURE .
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Goes ; by J. Kenny. 3s. 11s . 6d .
A Brief Dramatic Chronology of Actors, LAW.
& c. on the London Stage, from the introduc- The Speeches of Charles Philips, Esq.
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land to the present time ; by R. Wewitzer. occasions, in Ireland and England. 75.
EDUCATION. A Digested Index to the Crown Law ,
A Book of Questions adapted to Mrs comprehending all the points relating to
Trimmer's English , Scripture, Ancient, and Criminal matters contained in the Reports
Roman Histories ; begun by herself , and of Blackstone, Burrow , Cowper, Douglas,
completed by her daughter, Sarah Trim Leach's Crown Law , Raymond, Salkeld ,
mer. 6s. Strange, Wilson, and the Term Reports ;
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the Rev. Solomon Lyon , Teacher of Hebrew Reports of Cases upon Appeals and Writs
to the Universities of Oxford and Cam . of Error in the House of Lords, during the
bridge, & c. 8vo. £1 , 56. Sessions of Parliament, 1813 to 16 ; by P.
The French Part, or Key to the Book Dow , Esq. of Lincoln's-inn, barrister-at
of Versions;which may serve also as a Book
law , 4 vols royal 8vo.
of Elegant Extracts from the best French Thoughts on the Laws relating to Salt, as
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Academic Errors, or Recollections of Manufactures, of the Kingdom ; by Samuel
Youth . 58. 6d . Parkes, F.L.S. M.R.S. member ofthe Geo .
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A New Drawing Book for the Use of Practical Instructions for suing out and
Beginners ; by Samuel Prout, No 1. 6s. prosecuting a Commission of Bankrupt, with
1817.] Monthly List ofNew Publications. 311
thebest Modern Precedents now in use,and vey of Ireland ; by William Shaw Mason,
a Digest of Supplemental Cases ; by Edw . Esq . M.R.I.A. with maps and plans. Vol.
Christian , Esq . barrister, & c . 8vo. II . 8vo. £ 1 , Is.
A PracticalTreatise on Copyhold Tenure The Art of Correspondence , consisting of
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ther. Chaplain respecting the conduct of the re
The Jurisdiction of Justices ofthePeace, sident Commissioner, the Hon. Sir George
and Authority of Parish Officers, in all mat-
Grey, Bart. ; by the Rev. Tufton Charles
ters relating to Parochial Law , with practi-
Scott, L.L.D. 7s.
cal Forms of all necessary Proceedings, the
Dr John Clarke of Cambridge has just
adjudged cases to Michaelmas term 1815, published some Vocal Pieces, with Original
and the Statutes of thelastSessions of Par-
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liament 1816 ; by J. W. Williams, Esq. of
Mrs Joanna Baillie, Walter Scott, Esq. John
the Inner Temple, barrister-at-law , 2 vols
Stewart, Esq. William Smyth , Esq. James
royal 8vo. £ 2, 12s. 60. Hogg the Ettrick Shepherd ,and Lord Byron.
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An Essay on theCharacters of Macbeth quiring into the History and Antiquities,
and King Richard III. ; by J. P. Kemble, the Arts, Sciences, and Literature, of Asia ,
crown 8vo. 9s. 6d . 4to. Vol. XII. just arrived from Calcutta ,
An Historical Account of the Rise and £2, 2s.
Progress of the Bengal Native Infantry from The Young Man of Honour's Vade- Me.
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ons have been employed during that period ; Ordeal Trial and Judicial Combat ; from
by the lateCapt. JohnWilliams of the In- the earliest times; by Abraham Bosquet,
valid Establishment of the Bengal Army, Esq. 12mo. 5s.
8vo. 12s. A Compendious Dictionary of the Ve
Journal of an English Traveller from terinary Art; containing a concise explana
1814to 1816 , or Memoirs and Anecdotes of tion ofthe various terms used in Veterinary
Her Royal Highness the Princess of Wales, Medicine ; also a Description of the Ana
8vo . 48. 6d. tomy or Structure of theEye, the Foot, and
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of the present Pope's Bull against Bible So- by James White, Veterinary Surgeon, royal
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religious concerns of their Roman Catholic most complete Guide to the study and
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The Present Peerage of the United King. numerous plates ; by Robert Huish , mem
dom , with the Arms of the Peers and Bar. ber of the Imperial Apiarian Society at
onets . Vienna ,-- second edition , with additions,
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312 Monthly List of New Publications. [June :
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Rachel, a Tale, foolscap 8vo. 5s. A Letter from Mr Henry White to Lord
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the Income Tax, and suggesting the Aboli- late Lieut.-Governor of that Island and its
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1817.] Monthly List of New Publications. 313 7

VOYAGES AND TRAVELS . with numerous Historical and Political 0

Letters on Ceylon, particularly relative to Anecdotes, derived from authentic sources ;

the Kingdom of Candy; by Captain L. De by J. Jorgenson , Esq. 8vo. 10s. 6d.
Bussche, late acting Deputy -Adjutant-Ger- Voyages and Discoveries in the South
eral in Ceylon, 8vo . 9s. Sea, or Pacific Ocean ; by James Burney ,
The Last Month in Spain , or Wretched Esq. F.R.S. and captain in the Royal Navy,
Travelling in a Wretched Country ; by an The fifth and concluding volume,4to. £1 , ls.
English Officer. 8s. This work comprises an account of
Travels through France and Germany in all the Voyages and Discoveries antecedent
the years 1815, 1816 , and 1817 ; comprise to the reign of his presentMajesty , bringing
ing a view of the Moral, Political, and So. down their History until the period at which
cial State of those two countries, interspersed Hawkesworth's collection begins.
EDINBURGH.
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ural History , Lecturer on Mineralogy, and The Trial of Alexander M‘Laren and
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Reports of some recent Decisions of the 7th March 1817, for Scdition ; taken in
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Law ; by James Ferguson , Esq. Advocate, The Plays of Shakspeare, printed from
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the present time; by the late John Leyden, Churchyard's arms, and a fac simile of his
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sent State of that Continent ; by Hugh

NEW FRENCH PUBLICATIONS.

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314 Monthly List of New Publications. [ june
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Le Questionneur étonnant, dans lequel Principes Logiques, ou Recueil de faits
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divertissantes, analogues à soixante ques- Destutt, Comte de Tracy, 8vo.
tions énoncées dans une table ; suive de L'Industrie Littéraire et Scientifique,
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Campagne de Portugal sous le Maréchal
 1817.] Register - Foreign Intelligence. 315

MONTHLY REGISTER.

FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE .

Europe. seven men , was driven on shore to the east

ward of that harbour,during a strong north
FRANCE . west gale. Certain death seemed to await
LUCIEN BUONAPARTE having demand the unfortunate crew , and one or two had
ed passports to conduct one of his sons to been actually washed away , when a boat
the United States of America, the ministers from the Royal Sovereign Yacht, manned
of the alliedpowers, in a conference held at by Lieutenant C. Mooreand eight seamen,
Paris on the 18th March , agreed that was seendarting through the surf to their
suchpassports should not be grantedeither relief. Commodore Owen placed himself
to himself or his son ; and also, that another at the extremity of the jetty , and although
abode than Rome, or the Roman States, repeatedly almost washed away by the sea,
should be assigned him , at a distance from by his voice and gestures animated and di
the coast, in order to render the plans of rectedthe boat's crew . Before they could
escape which he may meditate more diffi- reach the vessel, four had been successi ve
cult . three sur
ly forced into the deep. Of the
Paris, April 2. The Police Court has vivorstwo were saved by the generous and
pronounced sentence on Rioust for writing intrepid exertions ofLieutenant Moore, at
the pamphlet entitled “ Carnot,” and which the utmost hazard of his ownlife and the
is declared to contain a principles of anar- lives ofhis crew . The third precipitated
chy,andto be contrary to the fundamental himselfinto the sea in a fit of despair,and
maxims of the monarchy, ” & c. & c. His sunk to rise no more. The boat then re
defence is also pronounced to be seditious turned to the jetty, and the gallant crew re
under the appellati
on of Liberal. He is ceived the thanks and congratulations of
condemned to two years imprisonment, a thousands of spectators.
fine of 10,000 francs, the privation of Paris, April 20 .-- An ordinance of the
civil rights for tenyears, five years of sur. king, dated yesterday , regulates the new al
veillance of the high police, and sureties terations of the councils of the cabinet, and
to the amount of 10,000 francs more. the council of state . The cabinet councils
M. Rioust has appealed against this judg- are composed , 1st, of all the ministers' secre
mént. taries of state ; 2d, of four ministers of state
It is thought that the number of electors at themost ; and of two counsellors of state
in Paris will be 10,000. There are about named by the king for each council. The
13,000 who pay 300 francs of taxes, the council of state remains composed as it
qualification of an elector ; but 3000 must was before, but the under secretaries and
be deducted for those who have not attained directors- general of the administration will
thirty years of age. have a deliberative voice. Another ordi
The stage -coaches, made on the English nance of the same day contains a table of
model,to run from Paris to St Denis and to the formation of the council divided by sec
Versailles, full of company inside, top, tions.
coach -box , and behind , now form a very ex- The following general view of the income
traordinary sight for the Parisians, and draw and expenditure for the year 1817, will
more attention than any other carriages in shew , in a summary form , the resources.
the promenade. and obligations of France :
There have been vaccinated in thede- Publicdebt and sink- Receipts. Expenses
partment of the two Sevres ,during 1816, ing fund 157,000,000 157,000,000
two thousand individuals. This number is Ordinary ex- ( Perm 546,199,550 299,693,836
superior to thatof preceding years. In the penses ( Tempor. 51,409,117 81,650,563
department of the Meurthethere were vacci. Extraordinary Do. 311,651,591 430,915,859
nated 15,600 individuals during the same Totals, -- 1,069,260,258 1,069, 260,258
year. The prefect of that department has The English officers of the garrison of
given premiums to those who are distin- Cambray haveundertaken to provide 120 lb.
guished by their zeal in promoting vaccina- of bread daily, for gratuitous delivery among
tion . the poor of that city.
By a letter from Calais, dated April 17th , City of Paris Loan. — The following
we learn , that the day before, the Eleonora, are the accurate particulars of the loan
from Nantz to Dunkirk, with a crew of which has recently been concluded between
 316 Register.Foreign Intelligence. June
the city of Paris and several eminent French Government had adopted all necessary pre
houses : cautions on the frontiers towards Spain.
The city borrows 33 millions of francs, According to letters from Barcelona of
or about 1,320,000 Sterling, for which it the 10th May, it appears, that the sentence
gives 33,000 obligations of 1000 francs each , of death passed on General Lacy was still
payable from the 1st October 1817, to the suspended, and it was the general opinion ,
Ist July 1829, both included. The period that if carried into execution , he would
when these obligations will be paidis to be never undergo the same in that city, or
decided by a lottery everyquarter of a year, within the limits of the province ofCa.
so that there will be 48 lotteries, the first talonia , as this unfortunate officer, above
to commence with 523 obligations, the se- all others, is the greatest favourite of the
cond 530 , the third 537, the fourth 544, Catalans.
and so on, adding seven obligations each Madrid May 20. - After long and warm
drawing, which will make in 48 lotteries discussions, it appears that M. de Garay
the whole 33,000 . Each obligation bears has succeeded in obtaining the general ap
an interest of 6 per cent. per annum , pay- probation of the system of finance attributed
able quarterly from the day the money is to him , and of which the principal bases are
advanced to that when it is repaid, which as follows :
will be when the number is drawn, and The maximum of the ecclesiastical be .
there are certain prizes to be drawn every nefices is fixed at 20,000 reals,(5000 francs,
quarter, from 5 francs to 50,000 francs for or about £210 sterling). Half of the re
venue
each obligation which comes up, and which of bishoprics and archbishoprics
prizes amount in the whole toupwards of shall be consigned to the coffers of the state.
six millions of francs. Thus, for instance, The fifth of the product of the signorial
the highest prize on the 1st of October rights is equally applied to the state funds.
1817 is 20,000 francs, so that the holder of A general land -tax shall be laid on all
that obligation which is drawn the prize on landed property without exception .
that day, will receive for his 1000 francs The customs in the interior are suppress
advanced 21,012 francs, 30 cents. for his ed, and there are to be no more, except in
capital, interest, and prize, and the least he the frontiers and in the sea ports.
can receive is 1017.-- The circumstance The privileged provinces, such as Biscay,
which led to such a transaction was, the Navarre, & c . are subject to the general
daily expense incurred by keeping down the law .
price of bread to 18 sous for 4 lb. the cost The king guarantees anew the whole of
of which has not been less than 75,000 the public debt.
francs, or £ 3150 per diem .
Sometime ago a conspiracy was detected
at Bourdeaux , which seems to have had for GERMANY .
its object to overturn the present govern- In an article from Frankfort, dated 4th
ment. Six individuals, none of them known April, it is said the Prussian Government
to possess much influence, have been con- gives us, since the return of peace, the first
demned to death , and nine to different terms example of repayment of national debt in
of imprisonment. specie. Obligations have been extinguish .
ed here, in presence of notary and witnesses,
to the amount of 2,200,000 florins. This
SPAIN . has made great noise in the trading world ,
and will raise very much the credit of the
A courier extraordinary from Madrid has Prussian State .
brought intelligence of the death of the in- A private letter from Vienna, dated April
fant Don Antonio , brother of Charles IV. 12, says- " The unexpected arrival of the
He expired at Madrid , the 20th April, after Princess of Wales on the 9th of the month ,
a short illness. He was born at Naples the produced a general sensation, and embar
31st December 1755. rassed great numbers. She put up at the
The Madrid Gazette announces , that an hotel called the Empress of Austria, having
extraordinary drought prevails in Arragon found nobody at homeatthe hotel of Lord
and Catalonia . Entire villages have Stewart, where she wished to alight. Lord
been abandoned on account of the want Stewart, the moment that he heard of the
of water, even for the first necessities of intended arrival of the Princess, set off with
life. all his family for the country ; a conduct
It appears by the French accounts, that which the Princess, as well as the Austrian
the late conspiracy in Spain was much more public, took in very ill part. The Prin
extensive than was at first imagined ; 300 cess, the day before yesterday, complain
officers were taken up with General Lacy, ed openly at her table, in very strong
and nearly all the officers of the forty -one terms, and declared that she would in
battalions in Catalonia were implicated. form her daughter of it, and would her.
Similar plots had taken place in Gallicia.' self never forgive Lord Stewart for this be
In consequence of these events the French haviour.”
1817.) Register.Foreign Intelligence. 317

Stuttgard, April 30. It is believed that their own hospital in the formerly celebrat
the basis of the change which the Prussian ed convent of StBrigitta, at Wadstena, be
Government intends to make in its ancient sides two hospitals for the invalids of this
forms, is the establishment of two consulta . garrison ; and they enjoy a considerable re
tive chambers, or a species of deliberative venue from all appointments that are made
councils, butthe sovereign power to remain out, besides one per thousand on the sale of
without diminution in the hands of the all estates. It is now in contemplation to
king found for their benefit a still larger estab
The Flanders mail supplies us with the lishment, towards which near 200,000dol
substance of a very singular decree of one lars, in voluntary contributions, have been
of the minor German Electors. It is said already received .
that the Prince Elector of Cassel, desirous The Hamburgh mail has brought an ad
of avoiding confusion in the system of the ditional proof of the extreme folly of the
ancient government, has published a decree, new commercial system , by which the Swe
in which he directs that every honourable dish government is influenced. A decree
title and distinction, especially thatof Mon- has been published at Stockholm , probibit
sieur, should be forbidden with the classing the sale of coffee in inns, hotels, coffee
of citizens and peasants. It is in future to houses, taverns, & c. under severe penalties,
be confined to the nobility , the officers of and the use of foreign wines, known by the
state, and to students . This is not only names of Champaigne, Burgundy, canary ,
the subject of a decree, but it is actually malmsey, sack, cape, or tokay. All foreign
putin practice ; and the last Official Gaz- liquors, spirits, brandy , cider, and beer, are
ettes of Cassel (as it is archly stated ) allow also prohibited. All this is a wretched imi
the most distinguished citizens of the place tation of Bonaparte's continental plan of
no other humble distinction than the love exclusion , suggested probably by Berna
andrespect of their neighbours. dotte.
Nuremberg , May 17. - Societies have
lately been formed inseveral German cities SWITZERLAND
against the use of English manufactures.
In the industrious and manufacturing coun- The accounts from Switzerland continue
tries of Silesia and Saxony, the most con- to be of the most distressing nature. In
siderable towns are expected to follow this the eastern cantons there is almost afamine.
example. Zurish is endeavouring to get corn from
The German papers give a very distress- Genoa and Venice : Uri, from Italy ; Fri
ing account of the state of commerce in bourg has adopted severe measures against
Germany; that once great mart for goods forestallers and regraters ; Basle has pro
and merchandize of every description, the hibited the making of white bread ; Zug
Leipsic fair, seems to have declined con- has prohibited the exportation of butter ;
siderably. Scarcely any business was done and Schwitz the exportation of hay. Under
at the last, compared with what was usual. these circumstances, emigration assumes a
ly transacted ; one account says, that there more alarming activity - 1200 families pass
were 14,000 persons less at this fair than at ed Jurphaas, onthe 23d ultimo, to embark
that held at Michaelmás. for America : 600 succeeded them the next
From accounts up to the 26th May, it day ; and more were on the way. Many
appears that the spirit of emigration in of them had been at the head of the linen ,
creases in almost every part of Germany. cotton , and silk manufactures of Switzer .
In fourteen days, from the 1st to the 15th land.
of the last month, the number of persons,
men , women , and children , who passed May DENMARK .
ence on their way down the Rhine, with
the intention of proceeding to America , Copenhagen , April 12.By the last ac
was not less than 5517.
counts from Iceland , we learn that the in
habitants exert themselves to the utmost to
SWEDEN . encourage internal industry, and to banish
Stockholm , April 1.- The deputies of foreignluxuries . Everywhere they now
weave their cloth themselves, and in Nord
the army have now closed their meeting land a single merchantlately had 3000 ells
(which had not been called together for woven . The Icelanders have now so far
months
twenty -three years ) after two asse sit
ting. The organizationof this
mblyis improved ,thattheycanmakecassimere al
most as fine as the English . Theyhave
now changed ; the purchase of the higher
commissions in thearmyislimited ,the entirely left offcoffee, tea, and sugar .
pension fund of a million of dollars is placed
under a new direction , wounded officers are RUSSIA.
entitled to larger annuities, and a separate
establishment is founded for the support The governor of the Russian Company,
of their widows and orphans. All this con- and the Russian consuls in Britain ,have
cerns only the officers : the privates have received an official communication from St
VOL . I. 2 S
 318 Register.- Foreign Intelligence. [ June
Petersburgh, containing the following quar- marched out to blow up the works to kill
antine regulations, which will, we under. the governor, and declare the island inde
stand, be rigorously enforced. pendent, & c. &c.
1. " That no vessels can be admitted in- Last Wednesday the plot was ripe. At
to any ports of the Baltic , unless they pro- twelve o'clock the gates of the town were
duce a formal document from the Danish shut, and the houses of the supposed con
quarantine establishments, either at Elsi- spirators taken possession of by the military.
ted
The suspec persons were marched to the
nore , Nyburg , Frederica, or Tonningen , re .
cognizing them free and exempt from every palace, to be tried immediately. Many
on suspicion whatever.
infectior papers were found in their houses, with
2. “ That the ships or vessels coming their plans, & c. and the usual commissions
to theports of the White Sea cannot be ad . were made out. It was supposedtheir trials
mitted there, if they are not provided with would havebeen finished that night, when
a similar document from Norway (viz. from criminals
we expected to have received the
Christiansand) or England, from which it on board, and next morning have witnessed
may appear, that they have observed in their execution ; but to the astonishmentof
either of those kingdoms a rigorous quaran- everybody, it was discovered that the whole
tine, and have been declared there fully affair was a contrivance of a young man bee
purified . longing to the police, and who himselfgave
3. “ That in order that no fraud or de. the information - hunting, as it would ap
ception should be practised, the Russian pear, for blood -money. He himself had
government will furnish the forms ofquaran- made out all the papers ; and, singular as
tine.certificates given at theabove mention. it may appear, had managed to have them
ed places, to all the custom -houses and com- secreted in the houses of the different parties
manders of guard -ships in the Russian em- whom he denounced . He had even col.
pire. lected a quantity of arms and ammunition ,
(Signed ) “ J. A. RIEMER, Sec. and had employed men in the country in
“ Consulate, April 11 , 1817.” making cartridges near the residence ofone
of these gentlemen. In fact, a more deep
General Kosciusko, who continues to re- and villanously concerted plan was scarcely
side in the town of Soleure in Switzerland, ever heard of. What increases, if possible,
and whose beneficence has procured him the the atrocity of his crime, he had included in
admiration of all the country round, has his accusation some of his nearest relatives.
executed, on the 2d of April, an act, by This wretch, who had been taken in his
which he abolishes servitude on his domain own toils, is now under trial, and to -mor
of Siechroviez, in the palatinate of Buch , row , it is expected, he will receive the pu .
zere , in Poland. He declares that his an- nishment which his crimeso richly deserves.
cient serfs shall in future be exempted from proclamation of General Maitlandi,
all charges and personal services, and pos- dated 11th February, states in substance,
sess their lands as absolute property. An that the whole of the supposed conspiracy
earnest recommendation is added tó them , was the machination of two individuals.
not to neglect, both for their own good and Spiridion Lepeniotty, and Nicolo Caraco.
that of the State, the improvement of the pulo, and that the persons whom these in .
liberty they have received , by means of cendiaries had implicated , appeared, after
schools and establishments of instruction. the most careful investigation , to be alto
gether unconnected withit. From motives
IONIAN ISLANDS. which we do not well understand , the sen
Corfu , Feb. 1.-A most extraordinary tence of death to which Lepeniotty was lia.
affair took place about a week since. Å ble, has been commuted into one years
conspiracywas denounced to the governor, solitary confinement, and compulsoryla
in whichabout twenty ofthe principal per- bour in chains for seven years afterwards,
-sons in this island was said to be implicated with banishment at the end ofthat term .
The plot was, to seize on the citadel at a The punishment of his accomplice is to be
time when the regiment, the 75th , had one year's solitary confinement.
( Want of room has obliged us to withdraw the Remainder of the Foreign Intelligence for
this month. It will be given in our next Number. - EDITOR )

1
 2

1817.] Register.Proceedings of Parliament. 319

PROCEEDINGS OF PARLIAMENT.

HOUSE OF LORDS. tion from Saltcoats, Ardrossan , & c. stating

the distresses of the country , and praying
April 16.- The House met in pursuance for parliamentary reform .
of the vote of adjournment. Earl GREY moved that Lord Sidmouth's
LORD SIDMOUTH'S CIRCULAR LETTER . circular letter, laid on the table on a former
Earl GREY 'moved thata copy of Lord day, be printed ; which was ordered. The
Sidmouth's letter to the Lords Lieutenant of Noble Earl then moved for the opinion of
counties, relative to the circulation of sedi. the law -officers of the Crown, referred to in
tiouspamphlets, be laid on the table. Or- the circular letter. Ordered .
dered . April 25.-- The Earl of HOPETOUN was
The Irish Laws Execution Bill was read introduced by Lord Forbes and the Marquis
a third time and passed . of Huntley , and took the usual oaths and
April 21. - Lord SIDMOUTH laidon the toun
his seat,
table his circular letter to the Lords Lieuten-
.
as Lord Niddry and Baron Hope
ant of counties of England and Wales , re- Lord DIGBY presented a petition from
lative to theapprehension of persons selling certain persons in Dorsetshire against the
seditiouswritings, moved for by Earl Grey. importation of foreign wool.
Lord HOLLAND observed , that this letter Earl DARNLEY called the attention of
alone was not sufficient for bringing the the House to the construction which had
whole case before their Lordships. When been put by certain magistrates, in a late
his Noble Friend moved for this letter , he instance, on theSeditious Meetings Act, and
had stated , that it was his intention to move said he should take the liberty to call their
also, on another occasion, for the opinion of Lordships' attention to the matter on Mon.
the law -officers of the Crown referred to in day.
that letter, and for the case laid before theseApril 28. - Mr CHALMERS (solicitor )
officers . His Noble Friend, he understood, presented the report of a parliamentary
most undoubtedly meant to make thatmos commission respecting thestate of the fer
tion ; and he was anxious that the Noble ries between the city of Edinburgh, and the
Secretary of State would now state whether countyofFife. Laid onthe table.
he had any objection to the production of Lord SIDMOUTH laid on the table the
these papers. The letter of the Noble Lord opinion of the law -officers of the Crown,
had been , as there was reason to believe, referred to in his circular letter. Ordered
already productive of some consequences to be printed .
whichprobably the Noble Secretary himself SEDITIOUS MEETINGS ACT.
never intended. He did not mean to say Earl DARNLEY, agreeably to his notice ,
that the Noble Secretary of State, or any of brought the circumstance of the refusal of
the persons concerned , were to blame ; but the city magistrates to grant a license to the
it was a matter of great importance that the Academical Society before the House, with
subject should be discussed ; and that, in the view of letting the country know , by
order to bring before the House the requi- the answerministers might give, whetherit
site information for that discussion, the case was the object of the act to prevent all poli
and opinion should be laid on the table. tical discussion whatever.
The person who had been molested was a LORD SIDMOUTH had no objection to
Unitarian preacher, Mr Wright of Liver- state , that according to his belief, neither
poole the framers of the act, nor those who sup
Lord SIDMOUTH..Their Lordships' or . ported it, ever intended that the act in
der had been complied with , and the circu . question should put an end to all political
lar letter which he had thought it his duty discussion whatever. Their Lordships might
to publish was now on the table. Cer- examine that act, and every clause ofit,
tainly it was not his intention that persons and see whether there was any clause which
should be disturbed in their religious wor- could by possibility bear such a construction
ship ; and of the case which the Noble as that which , according to the Noble Lord's
.
Lord mentioned he had heard nothing, ex . statement, had been put upon it.
cept what he had just heard from his Lord . (No particular business on the 29th and
ship ; but it was a case that would probably 30th .)
have occurred , though no such circular
letter had been published , and he did not HOUSE OF COMMONS.
see how it wasparticularly connected with ILLNESS OF THE SPEAKER .
that letter. He had no objection to produce
the opinion ; but he would oppose the April 14. A considerable number of
production of the case , and would state his members attended at four o'clock , when ,
reasons when the motion should be made with their permission, Mr Dyson read to
for its production. Adjourned . them a letter he had received from the
April 24. - Earl Grey presented a petic Speaker, dated Kidbrook, April 13th . It
7
320 Register . - Proceedings of Parliament. [ June
expressed great concern , that he was not and good conduct, and had been reduced to
able, through ill health, to attend his duty this state by circumstances over which the
in the House on the present day, and his sufferers had no control. The Hon . Gen
deep regret atthe postponement of the public tleman beggedto press the consideration of
business which his absence might occasion. this subject on his Majesty's ministers. He
Though at presentit was hazardous for him would not move that the petition be referred
to attend, yet he hoped he should experi- to the Committee on the Poor Laws, but
ence the re -establishment of his health in that it be laid on the table for their consi
the course of a week . The CHANCELLOR deration .
of the EXCHEQUER observed , that a duty The petition was brought up and read .
fell on him , which must be a painful con- It stated that the support of the poor had
sideration to all; but it was consolatory, already ruinedmany of theformercontribu
that itgave an opportunity to the House of tors , and would ruin others, unless an im.
passing an unanimous vote, in consequence mediate relief were obtained.
of the ill health of their estimable Speaker. The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER
His health had indeed been much sacrificed said , that the subjecthad occupied much of
latelyby hisanxiety and late sittings in the his attention, and on Monday next he meant
chair ; in which those who had most ob- to move that the House resolve itself into a
served his conduct, would be most deeply Committee of the whole House, to take into
impressed with a feeling of his integrity, at- consideration a proposition forenabling his
tention, and ability. He concluded by pro- Majesty toissue Exchequer Billsto a limit
posing an adjournment to Thursday se'n- ed extent, for thepurposeof supplying loans
night. Unanimously agreed to . on proper securities, to give encouragement
April 24.On the Speaker taking the for the employment of the poor. These
chair, the members crowded roundhim , loans would be advanced to corporations, to
and offered their congratulationson his re- parishes, or to associations of individuals
covery . who might be desirous to employ, in any
PETITION FOR RETRENCHMENT . public work, the poor in their neighboura
The Hon . Mr BENNET, after moving hood, upon their giving security to thecom
that the Police Committee be instructed to missioners at whose disposal, or under whose
report their proceedings to the House from management , the issue of bills should be
time to time, presented a petition , signed placed, that they would be repaid. Securi
by 5000 inhabitants of the town of Wol- ty might in parishes be given on the poor
verhampton and neighbourhood , praying rate . Bills to the amount of between
for a reduction of taxes , and other means one and two millions would be sufficient
of relief. They represented , that they were to give the relief contemplated, and
in a state of the greatest fering and hard- answer all the purposes of such a loan .
ship , in a great measure to be attributed to He believed such a measure would not
taxation ; and prayed for a diminution . in any material degree affect the money
Their sufferings would be believed to be market, which could afford all the issue
great, when it was known that several in- without great deterioration. The Right
dividuals in that neighbourhood were stated Hon. Gentleman concludedby giving no
to have perished by famine. Employment tice, by command of the Prince Regent,
had completely failed them ; and ifno other that he would on Monday move that the
remedycouldbe devised for their distress, House resolve itself into a Committee of the
the petitioners prayed that they might be whole House, to consider the propriety of
furnished with the means of leaving the issuing Exchequer Bills to a limited extent,
country, and retiring to a foreign land. to afford loans, upon security to be given ,
The petition was read, and ordered to lie for the local and temporary relief of the
poor, by encouraging works for the employ
on the table.
RELIEF OF THE POOR . ment of their industry. .
The Hon. W. H. LYTTLETON pre- The Hon . W. LAMBE said , there was
sented a petition from the parish of Old one point of view in which the measure in
Swinford, in the town of Stourbridge, com- tended to be proposed deserved the most
plaining of the pressure of the poor rates, serious consideration ; and that was, when
to which he wished particularly to call the ther it was to be considered as a means of
attention of the House. The burdens of temporary relief, or a substitute for all those
thisparish were oppressive beyond the usual other measures which were rendered necesa
rate of imposition : the rate assessed on sary for remedying the evils which had arisen
house- rent was 29s. in the pound on the out of the systemunder which we have been
rent of land employed on farms, 32s. in the so long acting. In this sense, the proposed
pound ; and on several kinds of land the measure involved the consideration of a sys
rate amounted to the almost incredible sum tem which had been already productive of
of 61s. per acre. The population of the serious inconvenience, and threatened far
parish amounted to 4381. " Of these 1868 ther evils. He hoped, therefore, this plan
received parish aid. The whole of this bur of the Right Hon . Gentleman was not the
den was laid on 158 individuals, who were only one. He did not deny the propriety
the only persons able to contribute. The of this step, but he would protest against
arish was formerly exemplary for morals any reliance on its sufficiency . The subject
1817.] Register .- Proceedings of Parliament. 321
was now pressed upon usby necessity : we sistence should be exempted from taxation
saw the calamity under which the country as far as was possible, consistently with the
laboured ; we should not rest satisfied with political safety of the country. His only
palliatives, but should go at once to the object at present was inquiry : he wished
root of the evil, andendeavour permanently for a full exposition of the case ; and with
to counteract its malignity. this view the Hon. Gentleman moved , that
The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER a Committee be appointed to take the laws
replied, that one object of the plan which he relative to thetrade in salt into their cons
had given notice of submitting to the House sideration , and to report their opinions from
was,to advance money to associations of in . time to time to the House.
dividuals, and another to make these advan- The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER
ces to public bodies. It was not intended did not think the proposition of the Hon .
that they should be made to single indivi- Gentleman could be at present entertained.
duals for any purpose connected with the The agitation of this question had occasion .
measure in question. The first object would ed already adeficiency inthe receipt of the
embrace the support and encouragement of revenueof £80,000 ; and it was incumbent
public works under certain limitations ; and on the Hon . Gentleman to show either the
upon fullsecurity for the repayment of the possibilityof finding a commutation ,or of our
money, the persons furnishing that security dispensing with a revenue of £ 1,500,000.
to take a counter security upon the parochial Asameasure of relief, a billwas now un .
funds. der the consideration of the House, for al.
April 25.— Sir B. HOBHOUSE presented lowing the use of rock -salt, duty free, for
a petition from the West of England Agri- the purpose of curing fish ; and he was not
quite certain that some indulgence might
cultural Society , praying for the abolition
not be given to salt used for cattle. The
of the present salt duties, as injurious to the
manufacturing, agricultural, and commer . Right Hon. Gentleman then read an exa
cial interests. tract of a letter from the proprietors of
Mr HARVEY presented a petition against several extensive salt-works, to the effect,
the Saving Banks Bill now before Parlia. that they were decidedly of opinion that the
ment, as injurious and unnecessary. Laid present motion would ultimately be inju
on the table. rious to their interests ; and he concluded
On the motion for the second reading of by saying , that the House would do well to
the bill to authorise the granting of leases postpone the consideration of this important
of tithes, Mr F. Lewis, after some obser- matter until the bill in question had been
vations on the different acts empowering fully discussed ; and, upon these grounds,
justices of the peaceto levy the small tithes, he felt it his duty to move the previous
and thosenot exceeding £ 10in amount by question.Mr CALCRAFT replied generally, upon
warrant of distress, expressed a wish that it
should be an instruction to the Committee, which the House divided . For the motion
to provide for amending such parts of the 70 ; against it 79 ; majority 9.
late act as referred to this branch of their CATHOLIC EMANCIPATION.
authority, (the 53d of the king, c . 127) for April 28. — Sir H. PARNELL presented
the purpose of proposing a clause extending a petition from the Irish Catholics for eman
their power to the determination of com- cipation ; in which the objection to the in
plaints or the recovery oftithes to the amount terference of the Pope in the appointment
of £ 20. The bill having been read a se- to vacant Sees is proposed to be obviated by
cond time, this motion was put and carried. a concordat, to be procured from his Holi
SALT DUTIES . ness, that none but native-born subjects
Mr CALCRAFT rose to make his pro- shallever be raised to the prelacy, andthat
mised motion on this subject. In the the election shall be exclusively in the hands
course of his speech the Hon. Gentleman of the native clergy. The Veto the Catholics
pointed out the impolicy of continuing the stillrefuse.
present enormous duties, which amounted MR WM Smith presented a petition
to no less than 3000 per cent. on a raw from the English Catholics, praying that
material of our own produce. Such a tax domestic nomination might be held a suffi
mixed itself with every thing connected with cient security to be taken from the Catholics,
the price of labour and the subsistence of as the condition of admitting them into the
the poor. It fell with grievous weight privileges of the British Constitution .
on the prices of butter, bacon, fish , meat, FREEDOM OF POLITICAL DISCUSSION .
and all the primaryand indispensable ar Mr WILBERFORCE presented a petition
ticles of food among the lower classes. In froma certain society, calledthe Academi
this point of view its effects were as impoli- cal Society, instituted for the purposeof
tic as they were unjust. The price of la . literary, political, and philosophical dis,
bour was not now regulated by the price of cussion, and the promotion of general
food ; a redundant population, and dimi- knowledge, complaining of the refusal of
nished trade, had left it dependent entirely the magistrates to grant them a license , and
on such competition for it as remained . It praying the House to afford themrelief.
was necessary, therefore, in the present cir- Mr B. BATHURST professed himself
cumstances, that the essential articles ofsub . ignorant of the motives of the magistrates
 322 Register . - Proceedings of Parliament. [ June
on the present occasion. On the allegation amount of the last half-year'spoor- rates at
of the petitioners, it appeared that the ma- Easter 1817 ; to be paid out of accruing
gistrates had refused the license , because rates within two years after Easter 1818 ;
they thought it was the intention of the le. but such advance shall be made only when
gislature to prohibit all political discussion , such last poor-rate was double the amount
andhe must entirely disclaim any such in of the last three year's average.
tention on the part of the legislature ; it “ Amount of Exchequer bills advanced
might be within thediscretion of the magis- to corporations, & c. in Great Britain , shal!
trate to deter seditiwheth
were held formine ous orerliterary purposes,
bepaidwith
or not a meeting before 5 per centinterest, fifteen
the Exchequer bills becom
days
e due.
but it never could be the intention of the “ Sums advanced in Ireland shall be
legislature to prohibit political discussion . paid with 6 per cent. interest, by such in
The petition was laid onthe table, and or . stalments as the commissioners there shall
dered to be printed. direct, with consent of the Lord Lieutenant.
Mr BROUGHAM presented a petition Exchequer bills issued and not used ,
from Birmingham , signed by upwards of shall be cancelled.
12,000 persons. It contained a statement, “ Treasury may repay other Exchequer
in humble and earnest, but touching lan- bills with sums paid.
guage, of a degree of misery almost ap- “ Clauses for securing repayment by pro
proaching despair. Laid on the table , and cess . Commissioners empowered to com
ordered to be printed. pound with bankrupts.
RELIEF OF THE POOR . “ Seven commissioners a quorum in
The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER . Great Britain . The majority in Ireland,
brought forward his plan for the issue of excepting in cases specified where they may
Exchequer Bills for the relief of the suffer- act.
ing manufacturers and others. He moved “ The Bank of England shall keep ac
two resolutions, which , after some discus- count with commissioners.
66
sion , were agreed to .. Exchequer bills charged on aids of
The following is an abstract of the bill 1820 . 3

proposed . “ Commissioners to report to Parliament.

6
Exchequer Bills, not exceeding the “ Vacancies in commissioners to be supos
amount of £ 1,500,000, may be issued in plied in Great Britain by the survivors, & c.
Great Britain ( at 21d.), payable within three in Ireland by the Lord Lieutenant.'
years. In a Committee, a clause was added to
“ In Ireland , Lord Lieutenant may direct the Saving Banks' Bill, directing the money
the issue of £ 250,000 out of growing pro . to be vested in the hands of the commission
duce of consolidated fund there. ers for liquidating the national debt ; the
* Commissioners for the execution of the object ofwhich was to prevent that fluctua
act in Great Britain to be named in the tion to which the property of the subscribers
bill ; for Ireland to be appointed by the to saying banks would be liable, were it
Lord Lieutenant. To be sworn , and to act invested directly in the public funds and
without salaries. negotiable.
* Commissioners to examine parties com- THIRD SECRETARY OF STATE.
ing before them on oath ; and to class all Mr TIERNEY made his promised mo
applications, and to certify the sumsrequir. tion on this subject, with the view , and in
ed to the Treasury in Great Britain and to the hope, of saving £ 12,000 a -year to the
the Lord Lieutenant in Ireland , who are country. The Right Hon . Gentleman , af
thereupon to direct the issue of Exchequer ter stating the recent origin of this office,
Bills or advance ofmoney accordingly. and the business belonging toit ( chiefly co
• Persons receiving advances for the use lonial), which he thought could , as former
of anycorporation, or parish in Great Bri- ly, be managed at theoffice of the Secretary
tain , shallgive their personal security, by for the Home Department, concluded by
bond, to the king. moving , “ That a "Committee be appointed
“ Mortgages of tolls, & c . shall also be to consider the nature of the business trans
taken, which shall have preference overall acted by the Secretary of State for the Co
dividends and claims of proprietors ; but lonial Department; to ascertain whether
not over claims ofprevious creditors without the existence of that department was ne
the consent of 4-5ths of them . cessary ; whether it could with convenience
“ Money may be advanced in Ireland in be transferred to any other ; and what di
aid of works managed by Commissioners minution of expense would thereby be ef
appointed by the Lord Lieutenant on mort- fected . ”
gage of the rates, & c . After a debate of some length , the House
** Trustees on roads may increase tolls to divided , when there appeared for the mo
secure the payments to an amount not ex- tion 87 ; against it 190 ; majority 103.
ceeding one-half of the original toll. LICENSES TO PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIE
“ Advances to parishes in Great Britain TIES,
shall be made only on application of four- Sir M. W. RIDLEY, in rising to move
fifths in value, and a majority in numberof for a copy of the petition of the Academical
the inhabitants, and shall not exceed the Society , in Chancery Lane, to the Quarter
1819.) British Chronicle.
Register.- 323
Sessions of London, for a license to hold April 30.- MR MANNERS SOTTON ob .
their meetings accordingto the provisions tained leave to bring in a bill to amend and
of the late act, said that he had to inform consolidate the actswith respect to spiritual
the House of another instance of the un persons holding farms, for enforcing the re
warrantable and oppressive construction sidence of spiritual persons on their bene.
which had been given to the lateact. The fices, and for the support andmaintenance of
Philosophical Society, established in 1808, stipendiary curates." He said that the bill
for the discussion of political and philoso, would follow the course pointed out by the
phical subjects, applied for a license at the act of the 43d of the king, and conclude by
Quarter Sessions of London , on the 14th of re-enacting the provisions of the actof the
April. The magistrates required a list of 53d, with regard to the allowances to cua
rates ; and would allow the clergy to take
the subjects it was to discuss, and a defini.
tion of what its title or constitution would a farm to the extent of twenty acres. The
allow it to introduce. The society refused bill would also provide for suspending all
to comply with this condition , and its meeta prosecutions , onaccount of non -residence,
ings were in consequence
the magistrates of London, suspended.
who were ac-If for six months after the eccle
expiration of the
act of the 54th . The siastical year
customed to expound the law , and to hear was made to begin on the 1st of January,
it expounded , who were men of education and end on the 31st of December ; and it
and information , were thus ignorant of the was enacted , that all licenses for non - resi .
true construction of the late act, what dence should in future be limited to two
would be the consequence of having its pro- years, always ending on the 31st of Decem
visions interpreted by other magistrates not ber. With regard to the stipendiary clergy,
so well informed, with a less vigilant public the alterations consisted in little more than
in what might be called a dislocation of the
to watch them , and with fewer facilities of clauses
legal correction ? ( Hear, hear ! ) The ex in the former act.
tent to which the zeal or the ignorance of Lord EBRINGTON wished to know whe
such men might carry them , might easily ther there was any clause enabling the
be conjectured ; and the danger to the lib- bishop to appoint a curate, wherever he
erties of the people fromtheir conduct might thought the duty was not adequately per
easily be admitted , when he mentioned, formed by the incumbent.
that in one partof the country a mineralo- Mr MANNERS SUTTON said , there was
gical society had been refused alicense, be- a clause of that description.
cause the magistrates were of opinion that The bill was then brought in , read a first
the study of mineralogy had a blasphemous time, and ordered to be read a second time
tendency. ( Hear, hear ! and a laugh . ) on Friday se’nnight.
The Hon. Baronet said , if Parliament did RELIEF BILL.
not interfere, all freedom of debate or dis- The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER
cussion was at an end. ( Hear ! ) The brought in a bill to enable the Commission .
Hon . Baronet concluded by moving for a ers of the Treasury to issue £ 1,500,000 in
copy of the petition to the magistrates of Exchequer Bills, under certain limitations,
London , by the Academical Society that for the furtherance of public works of ati
meets in Chancery -lane, for a license on the lity, the encouragement of the fisheries, and
18th of April. the employment of the poor,for a limited
Mr B. BATHURST had no objection to time- securities being given for the repay .
the motion ; and with respect to the case of ment.Read a first time, and ordered to
the Mineralogical Society , the construction be read a secondtime on this day se'nnight,
of the act was so absurd ,that any law , how- andto be printed .
ever easily understood , might be perverted The Clerk of the Peace Fees' Bill, and
to any purpose by personswho could so far the Window Light Bill, were read a third
transgress the common rules of interpreta- time and passed .
tion , as had been done in this case.

BRITISH CHRONICLE .

APRIL bility to manage and settle all my affairs of

Cobbert's Address “ to the Public .” .
Liverpool, March 20, 1817.My de.
nobody
parture for America will surprise A full
but those who do not reflect.
and explicit statement of my reasons will
appear in a few days, probably on the 5th
ofApril. In the meanwhile, I think it
necessary for me to make known, that I
have fully empowered a person of respecta . become a subject or citizen of any other
England. I owe my countrymen most sin .
cere regard, which I shall always entertain
for them in a higher degree than towards
any other people upon earth . I carry no.
thing from my country but my wife and my
my own at
children, and , surely , they areEngland
any rate. I shall always love bet .
ter than any other country :-I will never
324 Register.British Chronicle. [ June
State : but I and mine were not worn un . tion are well known to the public. The
der a government having the absolute power rent , in former years, has not exceeded
to imprison us at its pleasure, and , if we can £ 1800 per annum , and the increased rent,
avoid it, we will never live nor die under in the present times, can only be ascribed
such an order of things. If I have not to the increase of the number of passengers
taken leaveof numerous friends in London, which has followed the facility of communi
and in the country , it was because I should cation afforded by the late improvements,
have been made unhappy bytheir impor- and the zealous attention of MrScott, royal
tunities, and the expressions of their sorrow . navy, the superintendent. After theroup,
I make an enormous sacrifice of property , the trustees partook of an elegant dinner,
and of feeling ; but when my heart feels the provided by Mr Mitchell, at the North
tugs of friendship , and of all the interesting Ferry Inn.
objects in Hampshire, it is reconciled to Greenwich Hospital. - By a paper laid
the loss by the thought that I can enjoy on the table of the House of Commons,
them only during the pleasure of a Secre. it appears that no less a sum than
tary of State. When this order of things £ 15,383 : 7 : 1 , was due from the tenants
shall cease to exist, then shall I again see
of the estates belonging to Greenwich Hos
England. WM COBBETT. pital, for arrears of rent, for the year ending
Parricide. - On Monday, the 31st ult. the 21st of November 1816. By another
the Rev. John Greer and Robert Greer were paper it appears, that the produce of the
sentenced to death , at Carrickfergus, for lead and silver, raised from the estates of
murdering their father, a tithe-proctor at the Hospital, in the counties of Northum .
Churchtumbler, Carrickfergus. The cler- berland, Cumberland, and Durham , sold
gyman was charged with wounding the old and unpaid for ,on the 21st of November
man in the head with a hatchet , and the 1816, amounted to £25,109, 10s.
other prisoner with abetting in the crime.
The convicts were married . Robbery. - Early on Sunday morning, the
5. - Trialsfor Sedition .This day came 23d ult. the dwelling-house upon the farm of
on, before the Court of Justiciary in Scot. Everton, near Greenock, was enteredby a
land, the trial of AlexanderM •Claren , band of ruffians, who, after dragging the in
weaver in there
Kilmarnock , and Thomas Baird , matesthereof, consisting of a man and three
merchant , accused of sedition. The females, from their beds, andmaltreating
indictment states, thatata public meeting, them in ashockingmanner, carried off ai
held at Dean Park , in the vicinity of Kil. the money , wearing apparel,and other por
marnock, on the 7th of December 1816, table chestsarticles which were
of thehouse. inthe drawersand
MrLenox, master of
which meeting
multitude was attended
of persons, chiefly ofbythea lower
great police, has arrived at Greenock, having in
orders, the said AlexanderM °Claren did custody Hugh and Barney Macilvogue, and
wickedly and feloniously delivera speech, Patrick M.Crystal,
thisdaring outrage,theandpersons charged
for whose with
appre
containing a number of seditious andin- hension so much solicitude was felt in
flammatory remarksandassertions,calcu. Greenock and its neighbourhood .
lated to degrade and bring into contempt
the Government and Legislature, and to Caution to Stage Coach Proprietors .
withdraw therefrom the confidence and af. YORK ASSIZES.- Mabsom v . Riscam and
fections of the people, and fill the realm others. This action was brought by Mr Mab
with trouble and dissention. This speech som , ayounggentleman of commercial char
was afterwards printed, with others of a si- acter, from Birmingham , against the defen
milar tendency , in aseditious tract or state. dants, who were proprietors of a stage-coach
ment, which the said Thomas Baird sold called the TrueBriton, rurningfromYork to
andcirculated athis shop in Kilmarnock, Leeds and Hull,to recover & compensation in
at the price of fourpence each . The in- damages for a certain bodily injury, namely ,
dictment contained a number of extracts the loss of a leg , occasioned either by want
from this publication . Found guilty, and of due care, or by wilful negligence, on the
sentenced to six months' imprisonment. part of the defendants ortheir servants. He
Emigration .- About sixty respectable sat upon the box, and there were, besides
farmers sailed from Bristol last week, on himself, on the outside, fourteen persons,
board the Chauncey for America, and many including the coachman and guard , and six
more are preparing to follow them ,to try persons in the inside - two of the extra pas
their fortunes in the United States . In one sengers on the outside sat upon the roof ;
parish of Wiltshire (Mere), thirty persons and , to make room for the third,the guard
are at this moment preparing to emigrate stood during the journey. The coach.
to thatcountry
. man and guard were frequently warned
Queensferry Passage.The right of con- of the danger arising from the overloaded
veying passengers and goods across the state of the coach , and that they were
Queensferry, was let on Saturday, 3d curt. carrying anumber beyond that which the
by the trustees for the improvement of the act allowed , and were in consequence sub
Ferry, for three years after Whitsunday ject to information and punishment. The
next, at £ 2020 per annum , to the present replyto this warning was, that “ the times
tacksman , whose qualifications for the situa. were hard , and thatthey were bound to do
1817.) Register. - British Chronicle. 325
the best they could for their employers.” At peror of Russia, King of Prussia, and Duke
length , upon reaching a hill, where there is of
an easy and gradual descent of more than a
of London,
Wellington, by thecorporation ofthe city
to be upwards of £ 24,000 .
mile, the coach set off at a quick pace , Edinburgh Gas Light.- We have great
which increased rapidly as it neared the le. pleasure in communicating to our fellow
vel or termination ofthe hill. When with- citizens, that the subscription for lighting
in about a quarter of a mile of the latter this city with gas is now filled up. Non
place, the coach commenced running at a thing is more creditable to the public
most furious rate ; the vehicle itself rolled spirit than the quickness with which this
and rocked from side to side, many of the most desirable object has been obtained ,
passengers screamed for fear, and others, at the capital of £ 20,000 required , in the first
the hazard of their lives, jumped off. In instance, being subscribed for in less than a
thisalarming state, the coachman attempted month from the publication of the prospec
topull in the horses, when the wheel horse tus. The work , we trust, will now be for
fell down upon his haunches, —the leaders warded with all speed, that the publicmay
were pulled back upon the wheelers, and enjoy, as soon as possible,its many advan
the coach suddenly overturned. By this ac- tages. Several shops in this cityconsiderable
are now to
cident the plaintiff was thrown beneath the be seen lighted with gas, and
coach, and had his leg broken. Amputa- crowds assemble to admiretheirunusual
tion was the consequence. Damages for dour
brilliancy,
which anticipating from
our streets are it the
likely splen
to exhibit
the plaintiff- £ 200.
10.- Explosion of a Steam Boat. One next winter.
of those unfortunate accidents, ( says the Importation of Grain . - Eighteen vessels
Norwich paper)which attend even the best have arrived atLeith, from foreign ports,
arranged establishments, that carry with with grain , betwixt the 4th and ilth inst.
thema certain though remote danger, oc- and the following is the quantity of grain
curred on the 4th instant, and the horrible imported during the week :
spectacle of eight mangled carcases is yet From Foreign Ports. Wheat, 1345
before our eyes. These are the miserable quarters 400 bags. Oats, S185 quarters
victims of the bursting of the steam - boiler 115 bags. Barley, 1280 quarters 21 bags.
in the packet which sails from Norwich to Beans, 810 quarters. Pease, 45 quarters.
Yarmouth . Just after the boat had started, Brought Coastwise. Wheat, 204 quar
it had not gone twenty yards, when the ters 561 bolls. Oats, 405 quarters 349
tremendous explosion took place. The ves. bolls. Barley, 5146 quarters. Pease and
sel was rent to atoms, so that little remains Beans, 211 quarters. Flour, 14 sacks.
entire from the stern to the engine- room , Bran, 200 bolls.
except the keel and the flooring. Twenty- No less than fifty -one vessels arrived at
two passengers appear to have been on Grangemouth , from the 1st to the 8th in
board. The bodies of eight are found stant, laden with grain.
five men and three women : one child yet Wrecking. - On the 3d inst. about four
missing, and six have been sent to the hos- o'clock, during a fall of snow , and in a
pital in a wounded state : six escaped un- strong gale from the north , the brig Mary ,
hurt. Of these last, one man was standing of Ilfracombe, Captain J. Bowden, laden
over the boilerwhen the explosion happen- with culm, was driven on shorein Fassel
ed. It is said Major Mason was another Geaver Cove, in theparish of Camborne, a
whose clothes were torn by the shock, but little eastward of Godrevey, within the port
who was otherwise uninjured . The third of St Ives. After driving over a dreadful
was an infant two months old, and the little ledge of rocks for near an hour, shewas
innocent was discovered at the bottom of driven on the beach, and fortunately the
the vessel in a profound sleep , after the re- crew were saved . The captain , assisted by
moval of the dreadful wreck . some of the principal farmers of Gwithian,
11. - Fall of Snow . — Yesterday morning, arid the officers of the customs from the
between four and five o'clock, a consider- port of St Ives , succeeded , on the reflux of
able fall of snow took place, which whitened the tide, in getting out the cables in such
the streets of London for twenty minutes. situations as were judged expedient to keep
Tuesday was remarkably warm and fine the ship in safety ; parties of men were
for the season, the preceding ten days were hired to work on the ship, in securing her
of a similar description, and the whole win. over
ter has been mild.
stores,what
and to keep watch during the night
had been saved . During the
12. - The Honourable the Barons of his whole of the first day every thing was con
Majesty's Exchequer in Scotland, have made ducted with the greatest regularity, and not
a grant of the extensive sand bank, which the smallest pillage took place ; but on the
lies off the harbour of Greenock , to the second evening a party of Camborne miners
magistrates ; infeoffment was, on Thursday came down, determined for a wreck. They
se'enight, at low water, regularly taken of cut the ship's cable, carried offtwo of her
the property. small anchors, stole all the beef and biscuit
Civic Entertainments. The official re.on board, and even had the hardihood , be
port states the cost of the civic entertain- fore it became dark, to steal some of the
ments given to the Prince Regent, the Ein- scamen's clothes at Gwithian Church Town,
VOL . I. 2 T
 326 Register.-- British Chronicle . [June
which, having been washed by the people 15. - dir Bed .-- A very curious piece of
of the village for the poor fellows, had been furniture has just been introduced at Oak
hung up to dry. In pillaging the ship, ley's, the upholstery branch of the Western
they setthe watch at defiance, by threaten- Exchange. It is an air bed . Half a dozen
ing to cut Almost
them down with their dags or large pipes, madeof gold -beater's skin, are
hatchets. the whole of the vessel covered with a ticking, and quilted together
and cargo belonged to the captain, and , we in knotted rows between each pipe. They
are sorry to state , was not insured , so that
are then blown full , the bed becomes dis
he is totally ruined. We are happy to in- tended, and is sufficiently soft. By turning
form our readers, however, that three of the a cock, the air can be let out, and the bed
wreckers, having been identified, were ap- tied up in a pocket handkerchief !
prehended on Saturday night by the Rev. Destitute Poor.-- Some gentlemen , de
William Hockin, and by him committed to puted from Liverpool to apply to Govern
take their trials at the present assizes, on ment for a loan of£ 100,000 , for the pur
charges of capital felonies. We trust that tute
pose of providing employment for the desti
the magistrates of the maritime districts, on poor of that place, have returned with
all similar occasions, by putting the existing out succeeding inthe object of their mission .
laws (which are sufficiently strong) in force Unquestionable security, it is said , was of
against such miscreants, will put an end to fered.
the lawless and abominable system of wreck- Conjuring. – At the Shrewsbury assizes,
ing, which has so long been a disgrace to Thomas Evans, of Todley, was charged
Cornwall and other maritime counties.with obtaining money by conjuration, & c.
Blasphemous Publications.- Circular.and was found Not guilty. The following
Whitehall, March 27, 1817.—MY LORD . is a copy of one of the charms produced by
As it is of the greatest importance to pre- a witness !
vent, as far as possible, the circulation of “ A Charm for low Spirits and overlooking
blasphemous and seditious pamphlets and Neighbours with an evil Eye.
writings, of which , for a considerable time
past, great numbers have been sold and dis In nomine Patris up and down + Spiritus
may lo 4558 + Crux Christi 4224 in
tributed throughout the country , I have Sancti
660602197 + 9555227 L. I. D. 698527 L.
thought it my duty to consult the law offi
cers of the Crown , whether an individual 26210202720897.
found selling, or in any way publishing, Tetragnammaton X
such pamphlets or writings, might be To be sewed in the shirt collar. "
brought immediately before a justice of the
peace, under a warrant issued for the pur- The Luddites. The following is an ac .
pose, to answer for his conduct. Thelaw curate account of the fate of the Luddites.
officers having accordingly taken this matter -John Clarke, Thomas Savage, Joshua
into their consideration , have notified to me Mitchell, William Towle, Jolin Amos,
their opinion, that a justice of the peace William Withers, James Watson, and John
may issue a warrant to apprehend a person Crowther, were capitally convicted , and
charged before him, upon oath, with the seven of them left for execution ; John
publication of libels of the nature in ques- Clarke and James Watson having been re
tion,and compel him to give bail to answer prieved. John Blackburn and George
the charge. Under these circumstances, I Shipman , two of the Luddites, were ad .
beg leave to call your Lordship's attention mitted evidence for the Crown . John Sla
very particularly to this subject; and I have ter, also a Luddite, was ordered to be trans
to request, that if yourLordship should not ported for life. Samuel Caldwell, a Lud
propose to attend in person at the next gen- dite, being ill, his trial was postponed .
eralquartersessions of the peace, to beholden These, with Towle, who was hanged last
in and for the county under your Lordship's year, and ne who has left the kingdom
charge, you would make known to the chair. are supposed to be all who were concerned
man of such sessions the substance of this in the Loughborough job -- the word used by
communication , in order that he may re- the Luddites.
commend to the several magistrates to act 17.-- Election of a Scottish Peer. This
thereupon in all cases where any person day came on, at Holyroodhouse, the election
should be found offending against the law of one of the sixteen Peers, in room of the
in the manner above-mentioned. I beg Earl of Rothes , deceased. The candidates
leave to add, that persons vending pamph- were, the Marquisses of Tweedale and
lets or other publications in the manner Lothian .
alluded to , should be considered as coming PRESENT .
under the provisions of the hawkers' and Marq. of Tweedale Earl of Leven
pedlars' act, and be dealt with accordingly, Marq. ofLothian Earl of Marchmont
unless they shew that they are furnished Earl of Moray Lord Gray
with a license, as required by the said act. Earl of Home Lord Torphichen
-I am , &c. Earl of Haddington Lord Elibank
SID MOUTH . Earl of Wemyss and Lord Rollo.
To his Majesty's Lieutenant March Total,...13.
of the county of Chester. Earl of Findlater
1817. ) Register.British Chronicle. 327
PROXY . ject. We now feel ourselves at liberty to
Lord Belhaven to the Earl of Wemyss and state, that Ireland was destitute of wheat for
March . the purposes of seed ; and what may appear
There were also 37 signed lists from peers. singular, also of a sufficient quantity of po
A signed list was sent by Lord Saltoun, tatoes. Of the former article, abundant
but was rejected by the returning clerks, as supplies have been procured from the Baltic ,
properly
beingthe
notAfter . , the
sealedcalled and from various quarters in Germany ; and
votes were anarquis from this stock , Ireland has been supplied
of Lothian was declared duly elected ; there with all she required. Shipments of wheat
being for and potatoes have also been made upfrom
The Marquis of Lothian.m.waw.33 England for the sister kingdom .
Marquis of Tweedale....... 18 Saving Banks.—We find these institu
tions gaining ground everywhere, and that
Majority.wow........ 15 during a period in which such an effect was
The Marquis of Lothian, after the elec- not perhaps to be expected. We instance
tion, rose and addressed the peers in nearly one among many—the Hertfordshire bank.
the following words : - “ My Lords, I rise The annual meeting was holden at the Shire
to thank you for the honouryou have done hall, Hertford, on Tuesday, the 8th instant,
me, and I trust I shall always be found to when the following statement of its accounts
act worthy of that honour. Had it been was laid before them by the managing com
otherwise , I should have had the satisfaction mittee :
to strike my colours to a noble hero, who Total amount of deposits received
had bravely fought and bled in the cause of between the 30th March 1816, and
L.3994
30th March 1817, 3 3
his country .” Belonging to Labourers, L.1053 9 0
The votes of the Earls of Findlater and Servants, 995 6 0

Marchmont were taken by the clerks, al. Tradesmen , 327 2 0

Children , 251 3 6
though neither of these titles have been In trust for children & others 313 0 0
allowed by the House of Lords. Belonging to various persons 860 13 6
The proceedings were opened by a most Returned to depositors 193 93
3994 3 3
appropriate and impressive prayer, by the
Rev. Dr John Inglis, one of the ministers Stock purchased 6223 15 3
of the Old Greyfriars' Church , and one of Returned to depositors 278 0 0

the deans of the Chapel Royal. Balance L.5945 15 3

Their Lordships were attended by Colin
Mackenzie and David Hume, Esqrs. two of The merit of these banks is, that their
use may be understood at one glance by the
the principal clerks of Session , in virtue of a
commission from the Lord Clerk Register, meanest capacity ; that they require no la
the magistrates of Edinburgh, Mr Halker- borious calculations, no nice arguments, to
ston , bailie of the Abbey, and other officers. prove their advantage. They are institu
The election was attended by the most tions by which industry may, at an easy
numerous assemblage of ladies and gentle. rate , provide for the wants of families, for
men we ever witnessed on a similar occa. furnishing cottages, for stocking small
sion . farms, for providing against sickness, a
New Chapel. - On Sunday the 13th gainst unexpected distress, against bad sea
inst. the new Episcopal chapel at Dumfries sons, for furnishing resourcesto prevent age
was consecrated by the Right Reverend from being burdensome to relations, to en
Bishop Sandford , from Edinburgh ; after able all persons to pass the last period of
which he delivered a most excellent sermon their lives in quiet, and to have that pause,
to a crowded and select audience . which all should have, between active labour
19. - Sille Gauze.--In the present de- and the grave.
pressed state of weavers' wages, it is grati- Horrible Event.—Murder of Captain Mil
fying to learn , that the beautiful manufac- ler, late paymaster and agent to the Stafford
ture of silk gauze has, after a suspension of militia, and suicide of Lieutenant Flem
thirty years, been revived, with every pros- ing :
pect of success, in Paisley: Many looms Extract of a letter from the Rev. Mr Gale,
are already employed, and there is little dated April 13, 1817.
doubt that the number will rapidly increase. Pray callimmediatelyon the friends of
It forms a splendid dress ; and, as it can be Captain Miller, and inform them of the
brought forward at a cheap price, the use of fatal accident here -under related : Poor
it promises to be general, in spite of the in- Captain Miller, it seems arrived yesterday
jury which it sustains by washing. by the subscription coach, at the Heathfield
21. - Provisions for Ireland . Wehave Arms, near the Madhouse at Fivehead,
known , for sometime past, that government where I visit as a magistrate. This morn
were anxious to procure supplies of wheat, ing he visited his old friend, Lieutenant
and other articles of provisions, for the con- Fleming, at Fivehead -house, where they
sumption and use of Ireland ; but lest the dined together in the most friendly manner,
dealers should avail themselves of the retired soon after to Mr Fleming's bed .
knowledge of the fact to raise the price of room , and in less than a quarter of an hour
grain , & c. we remained silent on the sub- the explosion of pistols was heard , and
328 Register.-- British Chronicle . [ June
those two old friends were immediately poor unfortunate plaintiff in this case."
found lifeless. Verdict for plaintiff, damages £ 120.
This is a brief relation of this horrid Sentences at Lancashire Assizes. - Death
business. I have seen the bodies, the place 48. - Fourteen years' transportation , 8.
&c. this afternoon , and , after every exami- Seven years' ditto, 2 .---Imprisoned two years,
nation of the circumstances, have no doubt 6.-Ditto one year, 3.- Ditto six months,
Lieutenant Fleming first murdered his 1.- -Ditto three months, 1. -Ditto one
friend, partly by a sword, and lastly by a month , 1.- Ditto one week, 1. - Admitted
pistol- shot, and then murdered hiimself. evidence, 5. — Acquitted , 28.-No bills a
( Signed ) J. GALE. gainst 13. - Indictments removed, 9.
Captain Miller received, on the 9th inst. Total 126 .. The number prisoners con
a very pressing letter from Lieutenant Flem- demned is more than ever remembered at
ing, entreating him to go down, stating he one Assize ; and, what is very remarkable ,
could not live long, and wished much to see the convictions for minor offences do not
his old friend before he died. Captain Mil- amount to half the number, viz. 23 .
ler therefore left town on Friday, to per- 24. — Mr Wright. Last week Mr John
form the lastact of humanity, as he thought, Wright, who has of late delivered lectures,
to one whose views through life he had al- and held meetings for worship on Unitarian
ways promoted. principles, in the Long Room, Marble
21.-MrWaithman.-On Tuesday, 15th , Street, Liverpool (a place which has been
a most respectable meeting tookplace at the frequentlyoccupied by different denomina
New London Tavern , consisting of the tions of Christians during the last twenty
friends and admirers of the political princi- years), was summoned on three informa
ples and conduct of Mr Waithman (among tions, to appear before themagistrates,on
whom were the Hon . Mr Bennet, Mr the charge of holding meetings for worship
Brougham , and several other distinguished in a place not duly registered . Mr Wright
characters) for the purposeof presenting to attended at the town-hall on Saturday last,
that gentleman a piece of plate, purchased at the appointed time, when the Mayor
by public subscription, as a mark of the re- ( John Wright, Esq .) and Alderman Nichol
spect in which he was held for his conduct son took their places as the city magis
as a public man . An elegant dinner was trates ; they were afterwards joined by
prepared, Mr Favell in the chair. Alderman Sir W. Barton . After much dis
Spring Guns. Among the causes tried cussion , Mr. Wright was liberated on bail.
at the Warwick Assizes, was one to recover We understand the Literary and Philo
a compensation in damages for injury sus- sophical Society of New York have elected
tained by a little boy, of the name of Jay, Drs Brewster and Home, and Professor
who was, in August last, severely wounded Jameson, of this city, honorary members of
by the discharge of a spring -gun, set in a their Society. Their diplomas were deliver
garden near Birmingham , belonging to a ed by E. D. Allison , surgeon , Leith , who
Mr Whitefield. The facts, as they appear likewise has brought a fine copy of Profes
ed in evidence, were briefly these :-On the sors Hosack and Francis' Medical and
7th August, between six and seven in the Philosophical Register from these gentle
evening, the boy in question , who is about men for the Wernerian Society of Edin
13 years of age , accompanied by a younger burgh. Edin . Paper.
brother, went into a field adjoining the gar- Strawberries sold in Covent-Garden mar.
den of the defendant, in search of a stick, ket, on Saturday the 19th, at half-a -crown
for the purpose of making a standard for a the “ Alderman's Thumb" pottle ; middle
kite. With this intention they went to sized asparagus at 20s the hundred ; and
the hedge which skirted the defendant's pea gooseberries at 5s. the pint pottle .
garden , and while one of the lads was in 26. - On Friday the 18th , two gentlemen
the act of cutting a stick, he received the appeared by appointment, before the magis
contents of a spring-gun in the lower part trates of London , in General Quarter Ses
of his body. He was taken to the hospital, sions, at the Sessions Hall, in the Old Bailey,
where he remained for many weeks in a as members and officers of the Academical
most dangerous state, but afterwards re- Society held in Chancery Lane, and pro
covered . The gun had been loaded with duced the books of regulations, list of mem
small pebbles, seventeen of which had been bers, & c. together with a petition for a li
extracted, and seven yet remained within cense. 'The magistrates present were, the
him . The learned Judge, in addressing Lord Mayor, with Aldermen Sir John Per
the jury, observed, that the right to defend ring, Sir William Domville, and Joshua
property in this way, was questioned bythe Jonathan Smith . Tðeir petition , which was
most eminent lawyers of the present day. duly presented and read, prayed for a li
He was, however of opinion in this case, cense for the investigation and discussion
that the plaintiff had a right to recover ; and of philosophical, literary, historical, and
farther, that if the plaintiff had even broken political subjects, as heretofore," at the
into the defendant's garden , the action would rooms of the society. Some question aris
lie. “ Surely,” said the Judge, “ the law ing upon the word political, a long discus
never intended to give any man the right of sion took place, which terminated in the
shooting another for so trivial a trespass as license being refused.
that alleged to have been committed by the 28 .-- Col.G.Ilarris.-- The superb sword ,
1917.) Register. - British Chronicle. 329

value 150 guineas, which had beenvoted he returned by a circuitous route to London .
to Colonel the Honourable George Harris, He proceeded to the house of Pendrill, a
by the officers who had served under him in bootmaker in Newgate Street, who wasone
the 2d battalion of the 73d regiment, on of their party, andwho, it will be recollect
the occasion of his retiring from the com- ed, was one of Preston's bail accepted by
mand of that corps, in testimony of the the Lord Mayor. Pendrill received him
high regard they entertain of his character with the welcome of a partizan, and it was
and conduct, has been recently finished, and determined that he should waittill the pro
was, a few days ago, presented by Captain bable fate of the elder Watson wasknown.
Henry Coane. This delay produced the necessity ofimme
Iceland Fishery.- The Society of Fisher- diate concealment, in consequence of the re
men's Friends, at Deal, have succeeded in ward offered for his apprehension the next
procuring a bounty from Government of £3 day, and a room for his accommodation, in
per ton , for the Iceland Fishery, and two the back part of the house, was prepared ;
vessels, of about 100 tons each , will shortly Pendrill, from his own close connexion with
proceed under the superintendence ofan old the party , feeling a more than common in
and experienced Dutch skipper. The crews terest in the fate of his friend . He continu
are chiefly composed of boatmen belonging. ed Pendrill's tenant for upwards of a month ,
to Deal. Another vessel of about 100 tons and, in fact, till the vigour of pursuit had
abated. During all this time, however, he
is also intended to be sent. It is hoped that
this enterprise will form a new era inthe did not remain a close prisoner, for his host
having procured him the costume of a
history of Deal, and, if successful, will in
all probability be followed up next summer Frenchwoman, he frequently wandered forth
with a more extensive outfit . in the dusk of the evening. During these
28. - Gaelic Society.-- We learn with excursions, he frequently encountered peril
pleasure, that a branch of the Gaelic So- ous adventures ; but at last, at a convenient
ciety of Perth has recently been estab- opportunity, still attired in his female dress,
lished in this city. This society, like those he repaired to Liverpool, in the care of a
of London and Edinburgh, has for its female friend, and there, after due precau
object the preservation of the martial spirit, tion , he took his passage on board an Ame
language, dress, music, and antiquities, of ricanvessel acrossthe Atlantic. Soon after
the ancient Caledonians. It has estab. his departure, Pendrill, apprehensive of
lished a Gaelic school in Perth , and will some disclosures affecting his own safety ,
extend its benefits in this way as its funds sold off his property , and followed the course
increase. Its efforts in this view may be of his friend, and set sail for America also.
consideredas closely allied to those of that Within the last fortnight a letter has been
most excellent society lately instituted here, received bya publican in the neighbourhood
for the support of “ circulating Gaelic of Moorfields, from young Watson, an
Schools” in the Highlands of Scotland, nouncing his safe landing in the Land of
which have been already productive of in- Liberty,” and expressing his gratitude for
calculable advantage to thousands of old the generous protection which had been af
and young, formerly incapable of reading forded him by his friends in London, and
the Scriptures even in their native tongue. by whom a subscription was entered into to
For the accommodation of members resi- defray his expenses.
dent in this city, a commission from the Scottish Corporation . On the 26th , the
parent society, appointing the Rev. Mr Spring Dinner of this admirable charity was
Simon Fraserand Mr John MʻGregor pre- held at the Crown and Anchor Tavern in
sidents of the Edinburgh branch, with cer- the Strand, and was numerously attended .
tain powers, has been granted ; and at a We reckon that the company amounted to
meeting held here on the 9th current, which nearly three hundred persons, who were of
was well and respectably attended, the com- the most respectable classes of society ; the
mission was read, and suitable addresses Marquis of Huntly was in the chair, the
delivered from both these gentlemen, ex- Duke of Clarence being prevented from at
planatory of the nature and objects of the tending by indisposition. A very liberal
institution, and expressive of their confi- subscription was made in support of the
dence that these would be promoted by all charity.
who wish well to their country . We with Burnt Fen.— The Board of Agriculture
pleasure anticipate a considerable accession have received the satisfactory information ,
to the numbers and respectablity of this that the extensive tract of land in the Isle of
patriotic and useful institution , in conse- Ely, called Burnt Fen (nearly 16,000 acres),
quence of the establishment of a branch in which was deluged early in the winter, from
the metropolis . a breach in the banks of the river, has been
Escape of Young Watson . - Some light so well drained by the constant working of
has at length been thrown on the mysterious the windmills, that the whole of it is now
concealment, and ultimate escape, of young in a proper state to be sowed with oats.
Watson from this country to America. It Obelisk . — The ceremony of laying the
now appears, that on the night of the 2d foundation stone of the Obelisk at Chelten
December, the young conspirator accom- ham , dedicated to his Grace the Duke of
panied his father and Thistlewood towards Wellington, took place at one o'clock , 26th
Highgate. On his father being captured , instant, attended by Lord Hill, and all
 330 Register.--Appointments, Promotions, fc. [ June
the fashionables at Cheltenham , in the oatmeal for his tenants . The Marquis of
ground ofColonelRiddell, and immediately Staffordhas sent 3400 bolls of meal, and
opposite the oak that was planted by that
illustrious personage. A band of music
500 bolls of potatoes, for seed, to the tenan
try on the Sutherland estate , at an expense
attended, and a most pious, impressive,
and appropriate oration was read
of nearly £ 7000, besides purchasing 500
by Col. cattle from the smaller tenants.
onel Riddell. After the solemnity of the Stage Coaches. — The rate at which the
occasion , the company joined in hearty coaches between Liverpool and Manchester
cheers .The day was fine, and the lawn are driven ought to bethe subject of magis
was crowded with beauty and fashion . terial investigation. Last week, we are as.
Caution . - Mr Thomas Garton , farmer sured that one of them arrived from Man
of Luton Marsh , has lost six horses in con- chester to Low Hill in two hours and a half,
sequence of their being inadvertently poison . averaging about fourteen miles in the hour,
edby a servant man , who fed them out of a or twice the speed of the mail.
measure in which a quantity of wheat had 29. - Roger O'Connor, Esq.This gen
been steeped for sowing. The white arsenic tleman , formerly of some figure, and great
had set and dried at the bottom of the mea- er notoriety in this country , has been appre
sure , and was shaken out with the corn in . hended at Palace Anne, near Bandon, and
to the manger . is now in custody in this city, on a charge
Provisions for the Highlands._Upon the of having been an accomplice in the robbery
representation of the Highland proprietors of the Galway mail-coach , in the year
ofland now in London, government are to 1812, when it was attacked at Cappagh
grant a considerable supply of oats to such Hill, county of Kildare, and robbed of a
of them as choose to guarantee the price. considerable sum in bank post-bills, and a
The Duke of Athol has greatly exerted gold repeating watch , the property of Mr
himself in this praiseworthy object, and he Pearse of Loughrea. Bail was tendered to
has been zealously seconded by Lord Mac- the Mayor for Mr O'Connor's appearance
donald , Mr Grant, M. P. for Inverness- to answer the charge, but was refused , on
shire, Colonel Macdonald of Lynedal , and the ground of its not being legally bailable.
others. Several of the proprietors of High . A magistrate of this county having guaran
land estates have met the distresses of their teed the appearance of Mr ArthurO‘Con
tenants by lowering their rents, and supply, nor, his son, who was also apprehended on
ing them with meal on credit, particularly the same charge, when called on, and his
the Duke of Gordon , Colonel Grant of state of health not permitting his removal
Grant, M.P. , Mr Macpherson of Ballen- with safety, he wassuffered to remain for
dalloch , M.P., and Lord Reay, who pledged the present at Fort- Robert.--- Cork Adver
his credit to government for 1800 bolls of tiser.

APPOINTMENTS, PROMOTIONS, & c.

I. CIVIL . C. Newborough
1L.Gds. A.Lieut. to be Cornet25th
vice Butler , retired
and Apri
Subl
G. Ė Beltze, Esq. to be Portcullis Poursuivant of
Arms. 2 Maj. C. W. Dance to be Lt. -Col . 27th Mar.
R.H.G. Lord G. A. Hill to be Cornet by purchase ,
William Pennel, Esq . to be Consul for the Pro vice Clutterbuck , retired 8th May
vince of Bahia .
Harry Scott, Esq . to be Consul at Bordeaux. 3 Dr.G. Lieut. W. Stuart to be Capt. by purchase,
vice Ferrier, retired 15th do.
Sir William Garrow , Attorney -General ( not Mr Ensign C. Drury , from 33 F. to be Cornet
Alexander , as stated in our last, that gentleman by purch . vice Addison, pro. 10th April
having declined the office) to be a Puisne Baron of
Exchequer, vice Sir R. Richards. M. M. French , to be Cornet by purch. vice
Sir Samuel Shepherd , Solicitor-General, to be Clubley , pro . 1st May
Attorney -General, vice Sir William Garrow . R. Grant, to be Cornet by purch. vice Pros
ser, pro . 8th do.
Robert Gifford , Esq . to be Solicitor-General, vice Sir W. A. Fletcher, to be Cornet by purch .
Sir S. Shepherd . vice Inglis i5th do .
Maj.-General Bolton , K.C. Rob . Shafto Hawkes, 4 Cornet A. S. Broomfield , to be Lieut. by
Esq. John Salusbury, Piozzi Salusbury, Esq. have purch . vice Fawcett , ret. 10th Apríl
received the honour of knighthood . Thomas Magan, to be Cornet by purch .
Members returned to Parliament. vice Broomfield do.
Sir Samuel Shepherd for Dorchester. 5 L. Higgans, to be Cornet by purch . vice
J. Walker
Robert Gifford , Esq. for Eye, vice Sir Wm Gar , pro . 17th do.
row .
6 Lieut. J. Goldie, to be Capt. by purch . vice
Edmond Wodeliouse, Esq. for Norfolk , vice Sir Archdale, ret. 24th do.
J. A. Astley, deceased . W. F. Hindle, to be Cornet by purch. do .
7 Peter Wright, to be Cornet by purch . vice
II. MILITARY. Duff, retired 27th March
Brevet Capt. Hon. J. H. Fitzgerald de Ros of 1 Dr. Rob. Warren , to be Cornet by purch. vice
to be Major in the Army 8th May 1817 O'Malley , retired 1st May
1817.) Register.--- Appointments, Promotions, for 331
3 Dr. C. Johnston , to be Cornet by purch . vice 18 Foot Robert Gordon, to be Ensign by pur. vice
Stuart, pro . 8th May Cooke, ret . 10th April
6 purch .
Bt Major H. Madox , to be Major by15th 21 2d Lieut. Peter Quin, to be Ist Lieut, by
vice Miller , ret. do . purch. vice Crosbie , pro . do .
Lieut. J. Linton , to be Capt. by purch. vice
Madox
James Wemyss , to be 2d Lieut. by purch ,
vice Queen
do . do.
9 Lieut. Sir C. Payne, Bt. to be Capt. by pur- 22 Lieut. A. M.M'Gachen, from 12 F. to be
chase, vice Warren , ret . 10th April Capt. vice Moir , dead do.
Capt.A. F.D’Este, from 17 F. to be
vice Peters
Capt.
24th do .
27 JohnGreen , to be Ensign by purch . vice
Weir 15th May
Cornet G.G. Smith , to be Lieut . byoth purch . 30 Ensign H.Robson , to be Lieut.by purch .
vice Payne do. vice Turlor,pro . 13th March
10 A. F. Ellis, to be Cornet by purch . vice 33 Lieut. J. Archbold , from h. p . to be Lieut.
Browne , pro . do. vice Murkland , dead 17th April
J. Earl of Wiltshire, to be Cornet , vice Bur Augustus Gordon, to be Ensign by purch .
dett, resigned do. vice Drury, 3 Dr. Gds. 10th do .
C. T. Blicke, to be Cornet by purch . 1st May 34 Bt. Lt. Col. H. C. Dickens, to be Lt. Col.
14 David Brown, to be Cornet by purch . vice vice Roberts, dead 6th do .
Hammond , pro : 24th April 38 Fred . Moore, to be Ensign by purch . vice
15 Lieut. R. Mansfield , to be Capt. by purch . Williamson 3d do .
vice Dundas 9th do . 48 Lieut. W. A. Neafield , from 76 F. to be
W. Bellairs, to be Capt. bypurch. Lieut. vice Clarke, retired upon h. p.
vice Wodehouse 10th do . 76 F. 25th March
J. Buckley, to be Cornet by purch . vice Ar- 51 Bt. Lt. Col. S. Rice , to be Lieut. Col. vice
nold, pro . 3d do . Mitchell, dead 24th April
W. G. H. Joliffe, to be Cornet by purch . J. T. Keyt, to be Major, vice
vice Buckley, pro . i0th do. Rice do .
Surg. G. Redsdale, from h. p. 79 F. to be Lieut. H. Bayly, to be Capt. vice Keyt do.
Surg. vice Cartan , h. p. 79 F. 15th May Ens. G. J. B. StJohn , to be Lt. v . Bayly do.
16 Lieut. T. Wheeler, to be Capt. by purch . W.G. Lord Hay ,to be Ens . vice St John do .
vice Swetenham , ret. 10th April 53 Lieut. T. Price, to be Capt. by purch . vice
Hon. E. S. Perry, to be Cornet. do. Lieut. Andrews, ret. 19th April 1816
J. Montgomery , to be Cornet by pur. vice Ensign R. J. Anderson, to be Lieut. vice
Arnold , pro . 8th May Montgomery, dead 20th Sep. 1815
17 Cornet T. Herring , to be Lieut. vice Haw R. J. Anderson , to be Ens. vice A. Brown ,
worth , dead 12th Aug. 1816 pro . 21st May 1813
18 Lieut. T. C. Askew , from 1 F. Gds. to be (Vol.) C. O'Hara Booth , to be Ensign, vice
Anderson , pro.
Lieut. by purch . viceBrett 26th Mar. 17 1st Aug. 1816
19 Cornet G.Gregory, to be Lieut. by purch . 55 Lieut. W. Dalguimes, to be Adj. vice Arm
vice Snead , pro . 24th April strong, res . Adj. only 10th April 1817
Ensign H.Mitchell, from 62 F. to beLieut. Assist. Surg . A. Mackay, from 67 F. to be
by purch .vice Wyndham , 60 F. 15th May Assist. Surg. vice Martin , ret. upon h.p.
20 Robert Douglas (gent. cadet), to be Cornet 67 F. 27th March
by pur. vice Webster , pro . 26th March 56 Ensign W. Burrow , to be Lieut. vice Nel
21 Lieut. W. Williams, to be Adjutant, vice son , retired do.
Salmon, dead 3d April Tho. Coleman , to be Ensign by purch v. ice
22 Lt. E. G. Taylor, from 25 Dr. to be Capt. Burrow 20 May 1816
vice Dudley, dead 19th Jan, 58 Major W. C. Campbell,from h.p.3 F. to be
24 J. Proctor, to be Capt. by purch . vice Maj. vice Kenah, returns to former h.p .
Beatty, ret. 8th May 3d April 1817
Coruet J. Aslop, to be Lieut. vice Macart Geo. Peacock , to be Ensign by purch . vice
d
ney , dea 3d Oct. 1816 Hetherington , pro . 24th do.
John Clyde, to be Cornet, viceShaw, pro . 60 W. D. Ferguson , to be Ensign by purch .
1st March 1817 vice White, pro . 3d do .
25 Rob . Turnhoe, to be Cornet by purch . vice W. Robertson, to be Ensign by purch. vice
Taylor, pro. do . Thiballier, 35 F. 16th do.
S.C.ofC . Cornet E. Gibson, to be Lt. vice Rooke, George Allan, to be Ensign by purch . vice
superseded 27th March Llewellyn , ret. 17th do.
WmAmice , to be Cornet ,vice Gibson do. 63 George Cumming, to be Ensign , vice Mel .
1 F. G. Capt. C. I. Vyner, from 5 W. I. Regt. to be drum , 2F . 27th March
Lieut. andCapt. vice Burgess, ret. upon 64 Lieut. J. E. Freeth , to be Capt. by purch .
h . p. 8 W. 1. Regt. 8th May vice Buckworth , ret. 17th April
Ensign F. Vernon , from 12 F. to be Ensign Ensign E. Lambert, to be Lieut. by purch.
and Lieut. by purchase, vice Askew , 18th vice Freeth do .
Dragoons 26th March D. Tupper, to be Ensign by purch . vice
Hon . W. $. Lascelles, to be Ens. and Lieut. Lambert do.
by purch .vice Vyner, 5 W.I.R. 27th do . 65 Ensign Henry Tudor, to be Lt. vice Dun
C. A. Lord Howard de Walden , to be Ens. das, 56 F. 5th May 1816
and Lieut. by pur. vice Hurd , 4th W. I. John Mulkern, to be Ensign , v . Reynolds,
Regt 24th April superseded 10th April 1817
C. F. G. Capt. S. Sowerby, to be Capt. and Lt. Col. Serj. Major T. Donald , from 47 F. to be
by purch . vice Adams, ret. 14th May Ensign , vice Tudor 5th May 1816
Lieut. M. Beaufoy, to be Lieut. and Capt. 66 Ensign W. Rhynd , to be Lieut. vice Pardy,
by purch . vice Sowerby 15th do. 56 F. 6th June
J. Kingscotte,to be Ensign and Lieut. by W. Morton , to be Lieut. vice Whit
purch . vice Beaufoy do. ney , dead 1st Sept.
3 F. G. Ens. and Lieut. W. H. Hamilton, to be Lt. Ens.& Adj. W. Gilbert, to be Lt. 14th do.
and Capt. by purch. vice Burrowes, re Ensign John Clarke, to be Lieut. vice Har
tired 17th April vey , pro. 15th do .
Ens. and Lieut. W. James, to be Lt. and John Curige, to be Ens. vice Morton
Capt. vice Montgomery, dead 8th May 25th Sept. 1815
Geo .Suttie , to beEns. and Lieut. by pur. Qr.-Mr. Serj. John Bacon , to be Qr.-Mr.
vice Hamilton 17th April vice Macdonald , dead 18th April 1816
Horace Walpole , to be Ens. and Lieut. vice 67 Lieut.Moore Scott, to be Capt. vice Noble,
James 8th May dead 4th Feb.
2 Foot. Ensign T.Meldrum , from 63 F. to be Lt. Ensign D. Duff, to be Lieut, vice Scott do.
vice Richmond , dead 27th March C. Rainsford , to be Lieut. vice A.
Lieut. L. R. Dickens, from h . p. 3 G.B. to Clarke, dead 5th do .
be Lieut. vice Grant, dead 3d April L. French , to be Lieut. vice Evans,
James Imlach ( late Staff at Albany cashiered 4th May
to be Lieut . and Adj.
barracks),dead vice A. K. Huston , to be Lieut. vice Ro
Spencer, 4th do. nald , dead 5th do.
16 Lieut. G. K. Malthy, to be Adj. vice Brown , T. Kiernander, to be Lieut. vice
resigned , Adj. only 25th March Stevens, 22 F. Ist August
332 Register :- Appointments, Promotions, de [June
67 Foot Ensign W. Jones, to be Lieut. vice Came. 1 W.I.R. Lieut. T. Hind, from 1 F. G. to be Capt.
ron 20 August by purch . vice Watts 24th April
Joseph Hassel, to be Ensign. vice Rainsford Ensign, J. Hamilton , from 60 F. to be En
20th Sep. 1815 sign, vice Monckton, retired 25th
uponMarch
h. p.
N. J. Cambulege, to be Ensign , vice Duff 60 F.
4th Feb. 1816 5 Lieut. C. J. Vyner , from 1 F. G. to be Capt.
Lieut. A Poyntz,from 17 F. to be Capt. by purch .vice Roberts, ret. 27th do.
vice West , dead 13th May R.Y.R. Bt. Lieut. Col. M. Stewart, to be Lieut .
Ensign J. Langson , to be Lieut. vice j. Col. by purch . vice Starch, ret . 13th Ap.
Read , dead 5th do . Capt. Wm Manley , to be Major by purch.
vice Stewart do .
CharlesBurlton , to be Ensign , vice Sander,
superseded 1st June Lieut. T. Jones, from Rifle Brigade, to be
75 Assist. Surg. M. F. Lane, from 103 F. to be Capt.by purch . vice Manby 1st May
Ass. Surg. vice Jameson , pro. 27th March Assist. Surg. J. M'Cabe, to be Surg. vice
81 Lieut. F. H to be Capt. by purch . vice Jones, dead 17th April
Stevenson , retired 24th do Hosp. Assist. C. Q. Palmer , to be Assist,
vice Surgeon , vice M Cabe do .
C.Baillie,proto be Ensign by purch. April
A.Fenwick
, . 24th Y. Ch. Lieut. Col. G. Arthur, from 5 W. I. R. to
Lieut. E. Croker, to be Capt. vice J. Fraser, be Lieut. Col. vice Ewart, ret. upon h.p.
retired 24th June, 1816 5 W. I. R. 8 May
( Volt M. C. Dighton, to be Ensign , vice J. Twigg , from 5 W.I.R. ditto ,
Byne , pro . 25th Dec. 1815 vice Fluker, ditto 9th do .
86 Lieut. L. M'Quarrie, to be Capt. vice W. Capt. C. Vallancey, from 5 W. I. R. to be
Williams, dead 7th Sep. 1816 Capt. vice Dallas, retired upon b. p.5April
W :
Ensign A. Reid, to be Lieut. vice M'Quar I. R. 24th
rie do.
James Law, to be Lieut. vice Hod Staff and Miscellaneous.
son , dead 8th do, Lieut. Col. E. J. M'G. Murray, to be D. A. Gen.
-Joseph Morton, to be Lieut. vice East Indies, vice Stanhope 24th April
Cannel, resigned 20th do . -Hon. L. Stanhope, to be D. Q. M. Gen.
W. Clarke, from 80 F. to be Lieut, East Indies, vice Murray do .
vice Henry , dead 21st do. Capt. J. G. Peters, from ģ Dr. to be Major of Ca
Edward Carrol, to be Ensign by purch, vice valry , for the purpose of assistinginthe Riding
Morton 20th do. School of the Army 25th Dec. 1816
98 Lieut. T. Armstrong, to be Capt. vice Bur. Lieut. T. Chadwick ,from h. p . 2 Dr. to be Lieut.
ton , dead 8th May, 1817 of Cavalry for the purpose of assisting in the Ri
W. Battier, to be Ensign by purch. vice ding School of theArmy 8th May 1817
Brown , pro . do . Major John Gillespie, Superintendent of the Re.
101 Lieut. J. Le Coutour, to be Capt . by purch . cruiting Serviceof the East India Company , at
vicc Holland, retired 15th do . the Depot, Chatham , to be Lieut. Col. in the East
Rifi. Br. 2d Lieut. R. Fowler, to be Ist Lieut. by Indies only 10th April
purch. vice Jones, York Rang. 8th do. Captain Edward Hay, Second in Command of the
1 W.I.R. Ensign H. Brocklass, to be Lieut. vice Mil- Recruiting Service of the East India Company ,
ler , dead 3d April to be Major in the East Indies only do.
Robert Payne, to be Ensign, vice Brock- Capt. H. E. Somerville, to be Adj. to the East In
lass do . dia Company Depot atChatham do.
Edward Hunt(Gent. Cadet), to be Ensign,
vice Bell, dead 4th do.
"Ralph
tals
Green ,fromh. p. to be Inspector of Hospi
do .
Hosp . Assist. J. Hutchison, to be Assist. Hugh Bone, M.D. from h. p. to be Physician to
surgeon , vice Payne, dead 24th do. the Forces, vice Wray, dead do .
Capt. J. Watts, to be Major by purch . vice George Middleton , froin h. p . to be Apothecary to
John Read , retired do. the Forces, vice Hoffe, ret. upon h . P. 17th do.

Deaths.
Major General. Macartney, 24 Dr.
3 Oct. 1816 | Shorter, 87 Foot 25 Sep. 1816
Hugonin , late of4th Dragoons Perrin , (drowned off the Isle of Bell , 1 W. I. R.
2
15 Feb. 1817
Coloncis . Wight), 2 Poot April 1817 Pay -Master .
Stirke, 12 Foot 24 April 1817 F. B. Ellis , 31 Foot Culmer, R. Y. Rang . 25 Feb.
Mitchell, 51 Foot, 20 do. Barry, 87 Foot 29 Sep. 1816 Surgeons.
Coote , 14 Foot
Major
s.24 Nov. 1816 Miller, 1 W. I. Reg. 4 Feb. 1817
Gray, R. York Rang. 8 do.
Sharpe, 55 Foot
Jones, R. York Rang. 21 Jan.
Hedderwick , 24 F , 25 Apr. 1817 | N. Stewart, do. 13 Mareh Tomlinson , 1. p. 1 G. B. 15 Mar.
Captains. Bushman , h.p. 8 W. I. R. May Assistant Surgeon .
Montgomery, 3 Foot Guards Leavack , late 3 Vet. Bat. 28 Apr. Tushells, 47 Foot 6 Noy . 1816
Burton , 38 Foot 5 March 1817 G. Thomson , R.Art. 12 Feb. Miscellaneous.
Terrel , Royal Artillery do. do . i Castleman , do. 17 May | Prentice , Dep. Ass. Com . Gen.
Lieutenants. Fraser, Northumberland Militia 25 Feb. 1817
Haworth , 17 Dragoons Ensigns. Lefebvre, do .
Greville , do . 15 Nov. 1816 | Piggott, 25 Foot

III . NAVAL.
Promotions.
Names . Names,
Lieutenants .
George Johnston Fabian Richard P. Littlewort
John Baxter Robert Hodder
Appointments.
Names. Ships. Names. Ships.
George Pierce 'I onnant
Hon. R. c.Captains.
Spencer Ganymede Marine.
Herculus Robinson Racoon 2d Licut. James Finmore Rochfort
William M‘Culloch Severn Masters.
Lieutenants . James Wilson Pictou
Jos. P. D. Larcoun Albion George Renner
Richard Tickell
Spencer
Childers Assist. Surgeon .
John Radcliff Euphrates John Wilson Hyæna
William R. Hughes Severn Pursers.
Joseph Maynard Ditto - John Richards Ganymede
Robert Tait Tagus Philip Thor 06 Seven
R. P. Littlewort Tigrus
 1817.] Register.-Commercial Report. 333

COMMERCIAL REPORT.

COLONIAL PRODUCE. Sugar. - The market hasbeen rather heavy since our last, and
a small reduction in prices hastaken place. The Refined market equally dull, notwith
standing the very limited supplies. Coffee. Inthis article there has been much business
done during the last two weeks, and prices of British Plantation and Foreign have advance
ed 2s.to 3s.per cwt. Good ordinary Jamaica, 758. 6d. to 78s; fineordinary, 79s. to 83s.;
middling,
ness .
80s.to 88s. Dutch Coffeehas advanced proportionally, and with equal brisk
The Coffee of the last India Sale went off, in some instances, at a small advance,
but therewas no general improvement. TheStock of Coffee in this country is at present
very small, compared with that of some preceding years, yet too great to lead us to expect
any permanent improvement in prices. Cotton hasbeen in very limited demand since our
last,and pricesdeclining. Pernambucco, 2s. O £d .; Maranham , 23 d . ; Mina, 2:1d. ; Car
riacou , 225.; Sea Island, 2s. 21d. to 28. 3d .; Bengal, in the house, 9 d.to11d.; Surat,
14d. to 154d .- The total imports intoLondon, Liverpool, and Glasgow, during the last
month , were 46,178 bags, being 9591 bags less than during May 1816. Tobacco. In
consequence of the contract withthe French Government, considerable parcels of ordinary
have been sold about 8d . and under that rate, to the extent of 4 to 500 hogsheads ; but
no alteration in prices canbe stated, our market currency continuing too high for the ex
port orders. Rum has rather improved in value. Rice. The demand continues exten
sive, and prices advance with great rapidity : good new Carolina has been sold at 45s. to
48s.; the export demand chiefly for France.
EUROPEAN PRODUCE. Hemp, Flax, and Tallow , in very limited demand, without
variation in prices. Irish Provisions continue in considerable request, atimproving prices.
We learn, with pleasure, from the ManufacturingCounties, that trade is reviving con
siderably. Themanufacturers are now giving 8s. & d. for the manufacturing of Calicoes,
which they could have got done last year at 5s. 6d.
The following duties have been paid to government by the twelve principal Fire Offices,
from January 5 , 1816, to January 5 , 1817 :
Sun , 118,076 16 3 County, 25,851 37
Phønix , 78,747 5 3 British , 18,700 19 0
Royal Exchange, 52,028 8 4 Albion , 17,545 10 2
Imperial, 37,926 9 2 | Eagle, 17,308 17 11
Norwich Union , 36,210 17 6 Hope, 16,718 68
Globe, 30,385 15 0 Westminster, 14,185 19 3
Premiums of Insurance at Lloyd's - Guernsey and Jersey , 15s. 9d. Cork, Dublin, and
Belfast, 20s. Hamburgh, 12s.6d. to 15s. 9d. ' Madeira , 20s. to 25s. Jamaica , 40s.
Greenland , out and home, 3} guineas.
Course of Exchange, London, June 10.- Amsterdam , 38 : 2 B. 2 V. Agio of the
Bank of Holland, 2. Antwerp ,11:15. Paris, 24 : 85 U. Bordeaux, 24 : 85 U. Madrid,
354 effect. Cadiz, 35. Gibraltar, 31 }. Lisbon , 58. Rio Janeiro , 59. Hamburgh,
35 : 2 : 2 U. Frankfort, 147 Ex. M. Leghorn, 48. Genoa, 45. Venice, 27. Malta,
47}. Naples, 40. Dublin, 12 per cent. Cork, 12 per cent.
Prices of Gold and Silver, per oz..-Portugal gold , in coin , £ 3 : 19 : 0. New dollars,
5s. 24d. Foreign gold, in bars, £3 : 19 : 0 . Silver, in bars, stand. 58. 3d.
Weckly Price of Stocks, from 1st to 31st May 1817.
6th . 13th . 20th . 28th .

Bank -stock , 255, 255, 255, 2544 255, 2552 255

3 per cent. reduced, 719,715 72,713 713,72 713, 714
3 per cent. consolsona 72,72 , 723,721 723 , 724 724,723
4 per cent. consols 89 , 883 89,89 1 89 , 89 899,893
5 per cent. navy ann . camaran 103 , 1023 103 , 1031 1033, 1035 1047, 1045
Imperial 3 per cent. ann ... shut. 70% shut.
India stock , 211 , 210 210, 2101 | 210,2102
bondsgaard 71, 74pm . 84, 82pm. 80 , 82pm. 86 , 33pm .
Exchequer bills, 2}dp.day, 5, 11pm. 9 , 11pm. 9 , 11pm. 8, 11pm .
3d . p. day, 17, 14pm . 15, 16pm . 14, 15pm . 13, 14pm .
31d. p.day, 16, 17pm . 10, 16pm . 12, 15pm. 9, 14pm .
Omnium , comman
Consols for acc . marcaronsoro 733 , 728 73,723 723 , 72 733 , 73}
American 3 per cents........ 63, 64
new loan, 6 p. cent. 103, 103
French 5 per cents . monsoon! 67
Vol . I. 2 U
334 Register . - Commercial Reporl. [ June
PRICES CURRENT.
SUGAR, Musc. LEITH. GLASGOW . LIVERPOOL. per

SIT
B. P. Dry Brown, 68 @ 74 63 @ 68 61 @ 68 cwt .

188
Mid. good , and fine mid. 76 82 69 83

28%
80 68
Fine and very fine, 86 90 84
Refined, Double Loaves, 145 155
Powder ditto, 122 126
Single ditto , 116 124/114 116 114 117
Small Lumps, 112 116110 116 120

MILI
Large ditto , 108 110/106 110 106 109
Crushed Lumps,

STILI
62 66 6463 63

1'110-
MOLASSES, British , 29 29s 6 28 29 298 6
COFFEE, Jamaica ,
Ord . good , and find ord . 68 76 68 77 70 79
Mid, good, and fine mid. 80 100 78 88 79 88
Dutch, Triage, and very ord . 45 65 60 71
Ord. good , and fine ord . 68
78 68 78 | 73 30

ON
Mid. good, and fine mid . 82 100 79 88 | 81 ? 88

112
St Domingo , 70 74 72 76

IT

ITTI
SO
PIMENTO ( in Bond ), 7 7 73 7 7|1b.
Spinits, Jamaica Rum ,160.P. 38 6d 3s 9d 3 $ 20 0000
10 3s 3d 3s 3 3s 5 gall.

ITILI
98816-18751991111111
Brandy, 7 679

no

NIIT
Geneva , 3 10 4 0

11
Grain Whisky, 7 0 7 3

t
WINES, Claret, 1st Growth, 48 55 hhd .

SI
Portugal Red , 40 45 pipe..
Spanish White, 34 46 butt.
Teneriffe, 30 35
pipe.
Madeira, 60 70
LOGWOOD, Jamaica , £9 £ 10 £ 7 £7 10 £ 7 0 £ 7 , 10 ton . 2
Honduras, 10 12 80 8 10 7 15 8 10
Campeachy, 10 12 8 0 9 0 90 9 10
FUSTIC, Jamaica, 12 8 10 9 01 10 0
Cuba , 14 C
11 10 12 12 1

INDIGO, Caraccas fine, 5s od Is Od 8s 6d 9s 6d9s 0 Ils 6 Ib. 1

TIMBER , American Pine, 2 3 2 6 C

í 7 1. 84 foot.
Ditto Oak , 4 650
Hã111*

Christiansand (dutiespaid ), 2 1 2 2 1 1
11111

Honduras Mahogany, 0 11 1 0 10 1 8 0 11
1 2 3 0 2 0 2 6
St Domingo ditto ,
Tar, American , 14 15 14 15 brl.
Archangel, 20 21 16 17 18 20 >
Pirch , Foreign , 14 cwt. 参

TALLOW , Russia Yellow Candle , 56 58 59 55

:

Home Melted , 57
HEMP, Riga Rhine, 42 43 45 4642 ton .
Lil

Petersburgh Clean , 40 42 4441

Flax , Riga Thies. and Druj.Rak . 66 67
000

Dutch , 50 60
le

Irish , 52
10039

MATS, Archangel, £60 £ 6 6 100. )

BRISTLES, Petersburgh Firsts, 16 10 17 cwt.
ASHES, Petersburgh Pearl, 63
Montreal ditto , 68 70 64 66
Pot, 52 54 56 58 59
OIL, Whale , 35 36 38 tun. ?

Cod , 55 (p.brl.)— 34 36 31
TOBACCO, Virginia fine, 115 12 111 12 0 104 10
middling, 99 10 94 10 0 7 0 8 Ib.
inferior , 84 0 84 9 0 64
COTTONS , Bowed Georgia, 18 1 10 1 5.5 1.8
Sea Island , fine, 2 6 2 8 2 4 2 5
good , 2 5 2 6 2 2 2 3
middling, 2 3 2.4 1 11 2 1
Demerara and Berbice, 1 10 2 1 1 9 1 11
West India , 17 1 9 16 1 8
Pernambuco , 2 2 2 3 2 0 2 1
Maranham , 2 2 2 1 11 1 114
 335
1817.] Register.Commercial Report.
ALPHABETICAL List of ENGLISH BANKRUPTCIES, announced between Ist and 31st
May 1817, extracted from the London Gazette.
Adie, F.Armitage, Staffordshire, auctioneer Hatterley , Mary , Doncaster, grocer
Arkwright, J.Liverpool, woollen -draper Jackson , J. Middleton, merchant
Arrowsmith , W. Stoke, Staffordshire,earthenware- Johnson , P. Bevis Marks, merchant
manufacturer Jefferson, T.Wigton , Cumberland, draper 2
Astley, F. D. Dunkinfield, Cheshire, dealer Job, J. Ivy Lane, Newgate Street, London , and
Adams, D. Fleet-street , London, optician Bourdeaux, merchant
Adams, T. South Shields, ship -owner Langham , H. Horsham , grocerisind: 7.3
Brown, J. & A. Patterson, Pinnershall, Old Broad Lees, S. Hurst, dealer
· street, London , merchants Longmire,G. Appleby, draper
Baker, W. Leeds, dyer Lightfoot, R. Carlisle, Cumberland, iron -merchant
Barber, W.St John's Street, London, grocer Lamb, J. Southampton Street, Pentonville, coal
Bark , K , Northowram , corn -dealer merchant
Barnes, A. Cirencester ,linen -draper Mackenzie, K. C. John's Coffee House, London ,
Bradley, M. Huddersfield , ironmonger merchant
Bradshaw , J.Postern Row , London , woollen -draper Mann , B. Bishopsgate Street, London , upholsterer
Brennan, J. Bermondsey, fellmonger Mann , J. jun . Templesowerby, tanner
Burford ,E. Clapton , merchant Martin , J. & M. Horbury, carpenters
Benson , M. Runcorn , Cheshire , linen -draper Matthewman , J. Queen Street, London , merchant
Blamey, D. Newcastle -upon - Tyne, hat-manufac. Merac, M. L. Old Jewry, London, broker
turer Metcalf, W. Great Driffield , merchant
Boswell,J. F. Liverpool, porter -dealer Monart , J. Camomile Street, London ,merchant
Brewer, S. K. Henrietta Street, London , silk -ma .. Mores, P. Great Pulteney Street, London , grocer
nufacturer Morris, C.& T. Lambert, Leeds, merchants
Browell, W.& R. Brewster, Newcastle-upon - Tyne, Mousley, W. Barton , under Needwood , grocer
merchants Muggeridge, R.Kingston, corn -merchant
Butt, E. Rotherhithe, plumber Murray, C. Bath ,stationer
Blanchenay, L. Dover Street, London , merchant Mathews, T. Porchester, miller
Brooman , J. Margate, brewer Napper, E. Frome, surgeon
Bower , J. Wilmslow , cotton -spinner Natrali, O. Nicholas Lane, London , merchant
Benson , S, Houndsditch , London , salesman Nichols, J. Leeds, printer
Bryant, J.sen . Hadley, Middlesex , inn-holder Norrison,J. Rudston, Yorkshire, brewer
Bird , J. Brampton , Cumberland, grocer Oldman , S.Bury, inn -keeper
Chandley, d. Stockport, grocer: O'Neal, J. Walsall, grocer
Critchlow , W.& J. Harris, jun . Liverpool, mer Penaluna, W. Helston, printer
chants Pettman , W. Ham , nurseryman
Clark , J. Bristol Hotwells, innkeeper Pickford , J. Landulph, miller
Cobb , W.New Street,London , corn -dealer Pollack , B. Sheffield, jeweller
Pulling, J.Cludleigh , merchant
Cortissoz, J. Spittal ,Square,
Croft, J. Handsford Cheshire,grocer
London , merchant Piploe, R. Kennington Cross, coach -maker
Clark , J. Warwick ,coal-dealer Reed , W. Fleet Street, London , bookseller
Callow , J. Southalí, Middlesex , builder Ridett, P. Ryde, grocer
Carruthers , D. Liverpool, merchant Roberts, J. Stony Stratford , farmer
Davison , W. North Shields, slop -seller Robertson , A. Grosvenor Place, & D. Bolton Row,
Doughty, J.Bristol,victualler London ,builders
Dowley,T. & J. Willow Street, London , coal-mer. Robinson , W.Newcastle-upon -Tyne, brewer
Rose, T. Bridport, brewer
Dowse, W. R. Tooley Street, London ,-tallow . Sherwood, W. Liverpool, soap-manufacturer
chandler Sharpe, J. W. Old Bond Street, London , paper
Duncan , J ,London Street, London , merchant hanger
Dunn , W. Hoxton , wholesale-upholder Sidebotham , L. Whalebridge, victualler
Dickins, T. Liverpool, merchant Smith . C. S.Clare Street, London , salesman
Doubleday, W. Nottingham , lace-manufacturer Smith , J. Milton,rope-maker
Davies, W.& S. Liverpool,timber-merchants Smith , N. L. Hathern , dealer .1951
Elwyn,G. Canterbury , scrivener Stanley, H.& T. Weston , Lower Thames Street,
Everard , B. H. London , merchant London , ironmongers
Farrington, P. Wood Street, London , silk -manu- Stewardson, J. Southwark, haberdasher
facturer Stinton , P. Bristol, victualler
Fereday , S.& Co. Bilston ,bankers Stone, T. GibraltarWalk ,London , cabinet-maker
Fleckno , J. D. Daventry , drapers Swindells, T. & P. Lowe, Manchester, drapers 1
Freebody, W.Reading, coal-merchant Syers, W.Liverpool, commission -agent
Fosset, T. &W. Mincing Lane, London , merchants , . Woodhouse, miller
Smithson W
Fuller, J. Edward Mews, StMary-le-bone, cabinet- Skyes, J. Currier's Hall Court, London Wall, Lon .
maker don , factor
Gover,J. Lower Brook Street, London , wine-mer- Tanner, W. H. Strand, London, umbrella -maker
chant Tetley, M.Leeds, woolstapler
Graham , J. - Hillhouses, Cumberland, dealer in Till, T. Whitgreave, dealer
butter Tuesley, W. H. High Street, Southwark , iron -mer
Grant, J. Gracechurch Street, London , umbrella- chant
maker Turley, P. East Grinstead , farmer
Grellier, J. Poplar, roman -cement-maker Toft ,J. Shepton Mallet, chinaand glass-seller
Griffiths, J.Liverpool, auctioneer Vaughan , W. Pall Mall, London , tailor
Grigg , T. Plymouth , iea-dealer Walker, J. P.Halifax, porter-dealer
Garrod , S. Paddington Street, London , bookbinder Watchern , J.H . Oxford Street,London ,linen -draper
Gallimore, J. sen . Burslein , Staffordshire, coal- Watkins, T. Cardiff, dealer
master Weston , D. Westmeon , tanner
Hardern, D. Macclesfield , silk -manufacturer Wheeldon, G. Bonsall , colour-manufacturer
Harling ,T. West Cowes,merchant Whittle, J. Liverpool, woollen -draper
Hawkridge,W.B.Cleveland Street,London ,surgeon Wilmot, c . Cheltenham , builder
Hazard , W. Yarmouth , mast-maker Wisedili, B. Southwark , jeweller
Herbert,H. & J. Abingdon, timber-merchants Wood , S. Birmingham ,coal-smith
Hewins, W. Hinckley , mereer Watson , J. Holwick , Yorkshire, horse-deaker
Hobson , J. Sheffield , inerchant West, G. Kingston -upon -Hul), draper
Holding, W. Mark Lane, London , flour- factor Whitcomb, E. Worcester, baker
Haslam , J. & J. H, Oldham , Manchester, liquor. Wascoe, J.Northallerton , maltster
merchants Walmsley, G. Ormskirk , hosier
Husband, W.& P. Newberry,Berks, barge-masters Wheeler, J. Stratford -on-Avon ,Warwickshire, coal
Hadley, N. jun . Milford Wharf,London merchant
, trader
Hull, W. Wigan , Lancashire, shopkeeper Warner, A. St Katharine Street, Tower Hill, Lon
Hodgson , R. Bishop -Wearmouth , baker don , victualer
Hampton , R. Laurence , Pountney Hill, London , Youens, T. Township of Westoc, Dutham , ship
merchant owner
336 Register.- Agricultural Report.
ALPHABETICAL LIST of Scotch BANKRUPTCIES, announced between the 1st and
31st May 1817, extracted from the Edinburgh Gazette .
Ballantyne, Jas & Rob . Leith , hardware-merchants
Clark, James, Dunbar, rope and sail-maker, and
ship -builder
Leviston, Greenock, grocer
John , Glasgow
Hunter, James, , ship -owner and trader
M'Eachan , John, Irin, Inverness-shire, merchant,
grocer , and cattle- dealer
Neilson& Young, Glasgow , plumbers
Rutherford J, ohn , Edinburgh, grocer
Stuart, W. D. & Co. Glasgow , and Munn , Stuart,
& Co. Newfoundland, merchants
Taylor, Thomas, Melrose, merchant
Walker, James, late of Cupar- Fife, now at Stenton ,
merchant
Webster , Alex . Bisset, St Andrews, merchant
Whyte, Thomas, Leslie, merchant
Wood, James, Lundie -mill, Fife, merchant
DIVIDENDS.
Burn , Arch . Edinburgh, stoneware -merchant; by
the trustee , 12 , Cowgatehead, 1st June
Colquhoun & Ritchie, Glasgow , merchants ; by
James Ewing, merchant there , 17th June
Cross, Hugh, & Co. Glasgow , merchants and manu-
facturers; by Wm Carrick , accountant there ,
16th June
[ June
Dunbar, Wm , Montrose , merchant ; by Alex . Pa
terson , merchant there, 1st June
Douglas, Thomas, Glasgow , merchant ; by Donald
Cuthbertson, accountant, Stirling -street, there,
28th June
Gunn, John, Pitcaithly, vintner; by James Brodie ,
merchant, Perth , 23d May
Irving, John , Annan , merchant and linen -draper ;
by John Rutherford, accountant there, 1st June
Lawson , George, Edinburgh , tanner ; by John
Learmonth , merchant there, 230 June
M'George, John, Dumfries, grocer ; by Robert
Thomson, jun , merchant there, 31st May
Morrison , Lewis , Milling, tenant, horse and cattle
dealer ; by Archibald Lyle of Dunburgh , Easter
Auchyle, 22d June
Miller, Wm, Paulsland , bacon -dealer ; by Mr Cal
vert, Pennersaughs,at Ecclefechan , 28th June
Morton , John, Darvell, carrier, & c.; by Jas. Mur
doch , writer, Newmiins, 6th June
Mathewson, the late Thomas, Dundee , painter; by
John Stephen, jun. wright there, 13th June
Peat, Robert, Dundee, manufacturer ; by Edward
Baxter, Cowgate there , 19th June
Stewart, John, Whitefield ,cattle -dealer ; by James
Cameron , merchant, Dunkeld , 3d June
Swan , John, Edinburgh, tanner ; by John Lear
month there, the ustee, 5th June .

AGRICULTURAL REPORT.

The weatherfor the last fortnight of May, and down to the middle of the present
month, has been cold and rather wet. On the 10th , a thunder storm , with very frequent
and loud reports, passed overthiscity and its vicinity, but without occasioning ,so far as
we have heard, any considerable damage to the buildings, or to the crops, which are not
yet sufficiently advanced to be lodged by the heavy falls of hail and rain with which it was
accompanied .- The season is yet too earlyto allow of any approach to certainty in forming
an estimate of the growing crops ; but their appearance in Scotland , with the exception of
dry and warm soils seeded with wheat crop 1815, is by nomeans very promising, either in
regard to the abundance of the produce, or the period of its maturation. The oat-crops,
in particular, if we might venture to hazard an opinion, must be both scanty and late .
All kinds of corn have risen since our last, and are still likely to rise, unless the season
become more genial than it has been hitherto, at least until the earlier harvests of the
Continentof Europe can come into the market. A considerable quantity of wheat, of in
ferior quality it is said, has been exported to France, and large shipments have been made
from this country to Ireland for thelast six months, so that the glut and depression , noticed
inour last Number, have nowpassed away. Butchers'meat here, and at Morpeth , may
bring about 7s. per stone avoirdupois - very good beef at Morpeth somewhat more. The
lateness of the pastures, which have improved much within the last fortnight, has pre
vented any briskness in the demand for lean stock . In the Edinburgh market, oatmeal,
the chief article of food among the poor in Scotland , sells at 4s. 8d. per stone of 17! Ib.
avoirdupois, the quartern loaf at 16d ., and potatoes (old) at 16d. per peck of 28 lb.
16th June.
EDINBURGH . - JUNE 11 .
Wheat. Barley. Oats . Pease & Beans.
1st,......59s. Od . 1st,.......- s. Od . Ist, ......44s. Od . 1st,......38s. Od.
2d , ......46s. Od . ......
2d,.... ..- S . Od . 2d, .38s. Od . 20 ,......35s. Od.
3d ,......42s. Od. 3d , ......- S . Od . 3d , ......33s. Od . 3d,. .33s. Od .
Average of Wheat, £ 2 : 6 : 2 6-12ths per boll.
HADDINGTON . - JUNE 13.
Wheat. Barley. Oats. Pease . Beans.
1st ,......58s. Od. Ist,...... 48s. Od . 1st, ... ..48s. Od. 1st,......37s. Od. 1st, ......40s. Od .
2d , ......455. Od . 2d , .42s. Od. | 2d , ...... 40s. Od . | 2d ,......335. Od. | 2d,......35s. Od .
3d ,...... 32s. Od . 3d , ... 36s. Od. | 3d , ...... 32s. Od. | 3d ,......29s. Od. 3d ,...... 30s. Od .
Average of Wheat, £ 2 : 2 : 10 : 1-12th.
Noie- The boll of wheat, beans, and pease, is about 4 per cent. more than half a quarter,
or 4 Winchester bushels ; that of barley and oats nearly 6 Winchester bushels.
 Register .-- Agricultural Report. 337
1817.)
London , Corn Exchange , June 9 . London Markets continued .
Wheat, per gr.s so 8. Beans, old 8. New Rapeseed , per last, £48 to £ 50. - Linseed Oil
Select Sample 138 to 142 per quarter . 72to 77 cake, at the mill, £ 12, 12s. per thousand , -Rape
-White runs . 80 to 132-Tick .. 48 to 54 Cake, £9 to £ 10 .
-Red ditto . 70 to 126 - old : . 68 to 74
Rye .... 64 to 72 Pease, boiling 64 to 74
Barley English 40 to 58 - Gray 54 to 60

je
Malt ..... 60 to 78 Brank . . 60 to 74 Liverpool, June 10.
Oats, Feed (new )24 to 40 Flour, p. sack to 115 Wheat, s. d . 8.d. S.
-Fine . . . '40 to 45 -Second, : . 95 to 105 per 70 libs. Oatmeal, per 240 lb.

opet
-Poland (new ) 24 to 44 -Scotch . . 90 to 100
-Fine .. 45 to 48 Pollard , per qr. 24 to 30 New English .. 17 0 to 19 0 English :
-Potato (new ) 44 to 52 -Second . 14 16 to 20 . 10 6 to 18 0 Scotch
-Old .... 0 to 0 Bran ... to 16 | Foreign . 14 6 to 19 O Irish ..
-Foreign . . 24 to 48 Irish, new 10 6 to 11 6 Beans, per qr.
Beans, pigeon . 52 to 56 Quart. loaf, 19d. -fine . 11 6 to 13 0 English
Barley , per 60 libs. Irish
English : 8 6 to 10 0 Pease, per quar.
Seeds, fc. June 9 . Irish , old . 8 0 to 90 - Gray . • 46 to 58
Mustard , brown , so S. Hempseed , new s. new .. 7 0 to 89 - White .. 64 to 84
Old , per bushi14 to 18 perquar. 96 to 105 | Maltp. b.old 13 0 to 13 6 Rapeseed, p. 1. £ 38 to £ 40
New ditto 10 to 16 Cinquefoil . .28 to 35 11 0 to 11 6
Provisions, fc.
-Old White
-New ditto 5 to 8 - Common . 10 to 25
Tares .. .. 8 to 10 Clover, English , . Irish do.. 66 to 7 0 Beef, mess , per
Turnip , green -Red ,per cwt. 40 to 96 ditto , new 5 6 to 6 9 tierce :: 95 to 105
round • 20 to 25 - White .. 42 to 95 Scotch do. . 60 to 7 0 Tongues,p . fir. 32 to 34
-White . • 18 to 24 -For. red.. 40 to 92 5 6 to 6 0 Pork ,mess.p.br.66 to 72
-Red . . .28 to 32 White . 40 to 90 Rye, per qr . 60 0 to 66 0 Bacon , per cwt.
Swedish wh. 12 to 18 Trefoil .. 4 to 25 Shortmiddles62 to 64
Yellow . 16 to 20Rib grass • • 12 to 40
Canary, per qr. 75 to 80 Carraway, Eng. 48 to 60 Butter, per cwt.
Nottingham

Avoirdupois
Huntingdon
• 76 86
to 77 Cork, pickled, second116

Northampt
45 to 56 -Foreign .. 45 to 54
Montgomry
Glamorgan

-New

Middlesex
Carnarvon
Merioneth

Winchester
Worcester

Lancaster.
Leicester

Hertford
Sour ... 62 to 641 new
Cornwall

0.628

Warwick

Hempseed : 115 to 126Coriander . . 8 to 14

Stafford
Hereford
0049
Cardigan

Bedford
Rutland.
Chester
Anglesea
Radn...
Brecon
Sussex

Oxford

Surrey

Oatmeal
Dorset

Quarter
Bushels
Oatmeal

Bucks0.

Salop
Berks

Derby
Wilts
Kent

York
Essex

434
....
052
148
236
80

040
867
032
6.56

041
040
050
104
Wheat

549
00

0.61
00
0,57
3143

110
834

128.

102
338 460
00
055

056
107

108

643

Eight
353
770
076

434
042
101

050
110

051
248

1056
00

431
434

118
125

036
40
119
117

955
104
4/33
0138
--Oats

112
102
133
646
112

102
Barley

117

114
928
Beans

31
124

62
Pease

72
1127

36
35
52

107
..
115
50

98
34
43
46
76

36
43

10
10
11
65
33

24

11
38
10
93
52

37

48
40
or

34

Boll
43

68
42
19
11
61
33

81
44
81

10

46
40
57
49

48
44

..

..
0008809
14
Maritime

0
0
0

01

0060.

140
019506

and
39
0
Rye

from
07
10
060|

per
2
000
0

0170
5
0
035
0
0

2
585.
53s.

08010.48

01005
41

08

0
58s.

74090

By
0
63s

009

48
40s

3d.Pease
4611060|

00

of
71s

020.

the
0

2
Districts
46s

0.6|03.|
11d.

lbs
of
of,,.
Average
8d
6d
5d
Od
9d
Od,.-,.,.-.

quarter
Twelve
Prices

MARITI
--Beans

COUNTIES
COUNTIME
Wheat
Week
Beans
Barley
Corn
Wheat
Barley

60.
immediat

107s.
Pease

for
per
Oats

INLAND.
528.
Rye
102s.
Oats

50s.
the
the
bls.

.
11d
61s.
35s

Wheat
of,,
Rye
66s
precedin
18s
44s
34s
54s

2d
10d

Beans
8d

0.68
0167
032

818
3d.,-,

056
103
043
00
0144

112

Barley
1010
Od

AVERAGE
8/41

444

GAZETTE
108
5d.

ÄRye
1d
5d

113(

Pease
Average
ld,.-,-...

0.35
410
Scotland

068

Oats

LONDON
Oatm.
48
10
58
116

33
10
00
100
57

S.
Weeks

PRICES
7100(
ES.
Four

FROM
15th

Returns
May

received

CORN
Official
076
for
ely
the

ending

THE
.
dsd..s
ofg.

Week
May

OF.,
1817
the
8.34

31
in.,
43
0
366

sd.
Oatmeal

20

.
dsd.d.s
Beer
England
10d
Big
41s.
or
Od
Os.,-.
Wales
01
00
and
All.
ending
-Beer

May

0
1
Cumberland
Big
4ls.

Westmorind
Carmarthe
1d.

24.

Northumb
or,

Cambridge
Monmout
Gloucester

Pembroke
Somerset

Durham

CONTINUED
Denbeigh

Norfolk

Suffolk
Lincoln

MARITIME
COUNTIES.
Devon

1079
Flint

1048
0
Hants

836
043
olo
....

050
645
242

0146
496

945

434
0.41
149
046
048

466
657

151
064

073

670
036
630
0'64

952
0'47

848

748
476
721

50
641
121

111
131

..
112
123
126

69

37
90

52
...

80

37
50

45
102
52
35

41
..

41
42
35
48
62

77

88
11
59
61
51
57
35

62
34

33

32
46
11
..
91

..

91
81

11
86
11
49
10

0
41

0
33

00

0030.030
19
1092

30

01

0
0

00.
2
000)0

8
0

0
5000

2
00090
0

0
0

0
0

400
0
0
0h(0
0
8

n06
8.0

0406
000.704

8|06.|
0

,
60
0044

Pease
00039

Oatai
Wheat
537
90

Barley
.

Beans
110
127
040

0132
127

10
0'60

843
56

050

11
466

..6(320

Oats
60

Rye..
30
28

0
0
11

s.sd.
880
81

80

37
82
0
0002

29
070

8
002
000

10
68
25

35
0

4569
08
0203

70
041
58
000

s.d.
36
4

d
d
sd.
s.d.
0
0004

0000OOOOOOCUINSONO BADOOOooser !
0
 338 Register.-- Meteorologicul Report. [ June
METEOROLOGICAL REPORT.
The comparison between the first four months of 1817, and the corresponding months
of 1816, as stated in our last Report, was considerably in favour of the present year. The
reverse however is the case with the month of May, the mean temperature of which is
at least 14° lower than that of May 1816. This diminution in the average is owing not
so much to great depressions during particular nights, as to a general decrease in the tem-,
perature of almost every night. During May 1816, the Thermometer sunk repeatedly
below the freezing point ; which it has notdoneduring thepresent month ; but it rose also
considerably higher on particular days. The Rime, wbich has been more than once ob ,
served this month , must have been produced, either by evaporation, according to the old
theory, or by radiation , accordingto the new theory of Dr Wills, for the temperature of
the atmosphere was never so low as the freezing point.

METEOROLOGICAL TABLE, extracted from the Register kept on the Banks of

the Tay, four miles east from Perth , Latitude 56° 25', Elevation 185feet.
MAY 1817.
Means. Extremes.
THERMOMETER . Degrees. THERMOMETER . Degrees .
Mean of greatest daily heat, 53.903 Greatest Heat, 31st day, 57.000
..... cold , 38.741 Greatest cold, 17th , 33.0001
. temperature, 10 A.M. 19.129 Highest, 10 A.M. 3d, 54.500
10 P.M. 42.500 Lowest ditto, .. 18th , 41.000
......... of daily extremes , 46.322 Highest , 10 P.M. 27th, 48.000
............ 10 A.M. and 10 P.M. 45.184 Lowest ditto , . . 18th , 36.000
BAROMETER . Inches . BAROMETER . Inches.
Mean of 10 A.M. ( temp. of mer . 53 ° ) 29.578 Highest, 10 A. M. 7th , 30.160 1
Lowest ditto , 12th , 29.070
............ 10 P.M. (temp. of mer . 53 ) 29.614 Highest, 10 P. M. 6th , 30.180
............ both , (temp. of mer. 53) 29.608 Lowest ditto , 11th , 29.100
HYGROMETER (LESLIE'S .) Degrees, HYGROMETER . Degrees.
Mean dryness, 10 A.M. 25.322 Highest, 10 A. M. 21st, 42.000
................. 10 P. M. 12.935 Lowest ditto , 12th , 7.000
..........of both , 19.129 Highest, 10 P. M. 3d, 23.000 )
Rain , 3.054 in . - Evaporation , 2.525 in. Lowest ditto, 18th , 2.000
Fair days 17 ; rainy days 14. Wind west ofmeridian , including North , 17 ; East of meridian ,
including South, 14 .

METEOROLOGICAL Table, extracted from the Register kept at Edinburgh, in

the Observatory, Calton -hill.
N. B.- The Observations are made twice every day , at eight o'clock in the morning, and eight o'clock in
the evening
Attach , Attach .
u Ther. Barom . Ther. Wind . Ther. Barom . Ther, Wind .

May 148. 14 129.812

M.41 M.46
.816 E. 47 E. Fair .
May 17{ M.42 129.106M.19
E. 12 .465 E. 19 W. Rain .
M.41 753 M.501 Fair, and M.44 .470 M.46 Showers of
2 {EM.50
. 49 .656| E.52 S N.W. very mild . 18
E. 38 .255 E.45
W.
snow
.516 M.33 19 M.43 .290 M.18
E. 18 .313 E.53 N.W. Rain . E , 46 .383 E.50 W. Fair .
M.45 .389 M.51 M.46 .452 M.52
E. 43 ,575 E.48 N.W. Showers. 20
E. 43 .489 Cble.
E. 48 Fair .
M.46 .430 M.50
1.548 E.47 W.
Showers, and 21 M.46 .504 M.32 E. Fair, frost in
3. UE . 42 high wind . E. 41 407 E. 47
M.45 .746 M.50 ) Fair, but the morning.
6 M.43 .241 M.471
E. 40 .975 E. 17 N.W. very cold . 22 E. 43 .187 E.18 E. Fair.
M.48 .980 M.511 M.47 .232 M.501
E.52 .695 E. 45 } |S.W . Fair. 23
E. 44 .232 E. 49 E. Fair.
M.45 776 M.521 M.46 .170 M.471
E. Fair . 21 N.E. Rain .
E. 13 756 E.49 E. 46 .226 E.50
M.15 .682 M.50 M.51 .265 M.55
9 Cble . Fair . 25
E. 41 .357 E. 50 E. 15 .287 E.51 N.E. Fair.
M.45 .106M.49 M.42 .266 M.46
10 Rain.
E. 47. 128.975 E.51 W. 26
E. 45 .290 E. 47 N.E. Fair .
M.46 29.151 M.51 Showers of M.14 ..353 M.16
11 E.45 .28.978 2.50 W .. Thail,and cola 27
E. 45 -450 E. 48 }\N.E . Rain .
M.41 880 M.47 M.45 .513 M.48
Rain .
E.47 129.211
12{ M.41 .951 E.475 E. 28
E. 45 .691 E. 48
N.E. Fair.
M.45 M.15 .690 M.18
13
E. 45 .338 E -48 Cble. Showers. 29
E. 13 .764 E. 16
N.E. Fair.
14 . M.48 .432 M.50 Cble .
Rain , with M.46 .805 M.19
E. 42 .170 E. 18 thunder. 30 E. 43 .770 E. 19 N.E. Fair.
25 M.41 : 465 M.44 E. M.47 .698 M.50 )
E. 42 -534E . 43 Fair. 31 E. 45 .619 E.51} |N.E . Fair.
16
M.19 .63 M.51 Fair
IE. 47 .4941E.51 } lw. ' Rain , 0.309 in.
 1817.) Register. - Births, Marriages, and Deaths. 339

BIRTHS, MARRIAGES, AND DEATHS.

BIRTHS . cés Jane, fifth daughter of W. Douglas,

May 1. At Brighton , the lady of Gen. Esq. of Sloane Street, Chelsea. - William
Sir David Baird, Bart. G.C.B. a still- born Kerrie Amherst, Esq. to Maria Louisa ,
Tur
child. - 2. Lady Harriet Paget, adaughter. second daughter of Francis FortescueDona
-3. At Walton Park , Mrs Major Camp-' ville, Esq . of Bosworth Hall.-Mr
bell, a son. In Grosvenor Place, London , van to Miss Vanneck , eldest daughter, and
Viscountess Milton , a son .- 5. Lady Eliza . Mr Lovelace to the youngest daughter, of
beth Pack , a son and heir.--- The lady of the late Lord Huntingfield . At Gibraltar,
Capt. Charles Graham ,of the Hon . Com . Major Robert Henry Birch, of the royal ar
pany's ship William Pitt, a son. – 12. At tillery, to Georgiana, second daughter of
Cambray,in France, the Right Hon . Lady Major Skyring of the same corps. - 5. At
James Hay, a daughter.- 17. The lady of Sunninghill , Berks, Capt. Charles P: Enis ,
Charles Robertson , Esq . younger of Kin- of the grenadier guards, to Juliana Maria,
deace,Captain, 78th Highland Regt: a son . daughter to the late Admiral C. Parker.
-At Condé in France, the lady of Colonel At Brighton, William Scott, Esq . to An
Hugh Halket, C. B. a daughter. - 19. At nabella , second daughter of E. L. Hodgson,
Roehampton, Surrey, the lady of Andrew Esq. Portman Square, London.- 6. At
H. Thomson, Esq. a son . - In Arlington London, the Rev. Spencer Rodney Drum
Street, London, the lady of J. Leslie Foster, mond, rector of Swarraton , Hants, to Ca
Esq. a daughter. - 24. At Paris, the Right roline, only daughterof the late Montagu
Hon. Lady Fitzroy Somerset, a son . - 27. Montagu , Esq . of Little Bookham , and
In Lower Seymour Street, London, the Rt niece to the late Earl of Buckinghamshire.
Hon . Lady Catharine Stewart, a daughter. -10. At Dublin , Major Clayton, eldest
-28. In Cavendish Square, London, the son of Sir Wm Clayton, Bart. to Alice
lady of Admiral Sir George Cockburn , a Hugh -Massey O'Donel, daughter and heir .
daughter.- 29. Thelady of theRev. Charles ess of the late Colonel O'Donel, eldest son
Lane, a daughter.- 30 . At Evington , the of the late Sir Neal O'Donel, Bart. of New
lady of Sir John C. Honywood , Bart. a port-house, Mayo . At London , Paul Biela,
daughter.Lady Campbell of Aberuchill, a by Lawley , Esq. youngest brother of Sir
daughter, Robert Lawley, Bart. to the Hon. Caroline
Neville, youngest daughter of Lord Bray
MARRIAGES . broke.- 13. At London , Thomas Ryder,
March 18. At Twickenham Park , Ja: Esq. to Isabella Maxwell, eldest daughter
maica, Michael Benignus Clarey, Esq . --ofthe late Thomas Nasmyth , Esq. of Ja
maica. - 18 . At London , the Hon . C. Lowa ;
M. D. Physician -General of that island, to
Margaret, eldest daughter of Lieut.- Colonel ther, major of the10th Royal Hussars, se
Graham , Deputy-Governorof StMawes.cond son oftheEarlof Lonsdale, to the
4 At Vienna, General Macdonald, to Madame Right Hon. Lady Eleanor Sherard , sister
Murat, Ex-Queen of Naples. -Rev. John to the Earl of Harborough .- 20. At Lon
Paterson of St Petersburgh, to Miss Greig, don, David Francis Jones, Esq.of Lincoln's
sister to Admiral Greig of the Russian ser. Inn, recorder of Chester, to Anne Margaret,
vice . second daughter of James Topping of Whar.
April 24. At Stutgard, the Hereditary croft Hall, Cheshire. - 21. At Westbury,
Prince of Saxe Heildburghausen, to the near Clifton , the Hon. Wm Middleton Noel
Princess Amelia , second daughter of the of Ketton , to Anne, only child of Joseph
Duke Louis of Wirtemberg, uncle to the Yates, Esq. of Sneedpark . - 24. At Lon
king . - 26. At Wigton ,George Ross, Esq. don, Sir Robert Wilmot, Bart. of Chaddes
of the Inner Temple, barrister-at-law, to den, Derbyshire, to Mrs Crauford , widow
Jane Charlotte, daughter of W. M.Con- of Daniel Crauford, Esq. son of the late Sir
nell, Esq. of Culbae. --Lately, at London , Alex . Crauford , Bart. - 27. At Ulverston ,
John Innes, Esq. Bedford Square, to Mary , Lancashire, North Dalrymple, Esq . captain
second daughter ofAndrewReid, Esq. of of the 25th light dragoons, second son of
Russell Square.-- At London John
28. , Mar
the late Sir John Dalrymple, Bart. to
Carmalt, Esq. formerly of the island of St garet, youngest daughter of the late James
Vincent, now of London, to Miss Potts, Penny, Esq. - 29. At London , Augustus
eldest daughter of
island of Jamaica . - 30. At Giese, Caith ,
roline, daughter of Sir William Smyth, ,
ness-shire, Lieut. - Colonel John Sutherland , Bart. of Hillhall. - 30. At Mavisbank, Ro
Williamson , C. B. of the royal artillery , to bert Lockhart, Esq. of Castlehill, to Miss
Miss Maclean of Giese. Charlotte Mercer.
May 1. At Plymouth, Captain George
Jackson , R. N. to Elizabeth , youngest DEATHS .
daughter of Thomas Miller, Esq. agent- October 27 , 1816. At Prince of Wales's
victualler at that port.-H. T. Oakes, Esq. Island, aged 68 , the Hon. William Petrie ,
eldest son of Lieut.-General Oakes, to Fran governor of thnt island.
340 Register . - Deaths.
March 24, 1817. At Edinburgh, John to the late Admiral Sir R. Kingsmill, Bart.
Prentice, only son of Richard Prentice, Esq. –9. At Longtown , James Walker. Esq.
solicitor-at -law . principal clerkof session .– 10 . AtGargrave,
April 3. At Madeira, Miss Elizabeth near Skipton, aged 67, Mrs Parker , relict
Esther, eldest surviving daughter of the of John Parker, Esq. of Browsholme Hall ,
late Sir Alexander Macdonald Lockhart, and sister of Lord Ribblesdale . - 11. At
Bart. - 25 . On board theEurope Indiaman , Bristol, Jarvis Holland, Esq. son of Peter
on his passage from India, Major William Holland, Esq. of that city, merchant.- 13.
Hedderwick , of the 24th regiment of foot. In Duke Street, St James's, London , aged
--28. At Rozelie, Lady Hamilton Cath . 74 , Mr James Daubigny, wine merchant in
cart of Bourtreehill and Rozelie, aged 77 ordinary to the Prince Regent.-- 14. At
years, relict of the late Sir John Cathcart of Edinburgh, Mr Henry Biggar, advocate.
Cathcart. At Turin , where she had gone for the re
May 1. At Croxton Park , the lady of covery of her health, Mrs Allan , wife of
Sir George Leeds, Bart. At Clifton, Right Thomas Allan , Esq. banker in Edinburgh.
Hon . Lady Edward O'Brien,daughter of At Glasgow , Mrs Balfour, wife of the
the late Paul Cobb Methuen , Esq. of Cors- Rev. Robert Balfour, D.D. one of the mi.
ham House. At Aston Hall, Lady Marynisters of Glasgow . 16. At Buckland, near
Foljambe, sister to the Earl ofScarborough, Gosport, aged 106 years, Charles F. Gor
and relictof the late Francis Ferrand Fol- don , Esq. late surgeon of the royal hospital,
jambe, Esq. of Osberton Hall, Wilts.2. Haslar. 17. At Kendal, Barbara, relict
A. Campbell, Esq.of Hallyards, merchant, of Thomas Lake, Esq. of Liverpool, and
Glasgow .--At London D
, . Caddel, Esq. of youngest daughter of the late Fletcher Fle
Salisbury Square. AtParis,M. deUrquijo, ming, Esq. of Ragrigg , Westmoreland.
prime minister of Spain under Charles IV . 19. At Ostend, Mrs Macdonald , wife of
and during the government of Joseph . At Col. Macdonald, commandant ofthat for
London , George Drummond , Esq. Only son tress.-- 21. At Glasgow , James Dunlop,
of Mrs Drummond of Upper Gower Street, jun. Esq . - 24. At Acrehill, Margaret Ban
London . - 3. At Bath , William Thomson, natyne, wife of Daniel M.Kenzie, Esq .
Esq. of Jamaica, inhis 70th year.John merchant, Glasgow . - 25. At Edinburgh,
Macgill, Esq. of Kemback.Drowned, Miss Watson of Tower. - 27. At his seat,
whileangling in Pishiobury Park , Rev. at Great Melton, Norfolk , Sir John Lombe,
John Lane, vicar of Sawbridgeworth , Herts. Bart. aged 86. - 28. At Bath, the Rev.
The body, after some hours search , was Philip Yorke, youngest son of the Hon.and
found with the fishing - rod in his hand.
Right Rev. Dr Yorke, late bishop of Ely.
4. At Dunfermline, James Douglas, Esq. -29. At Edinburgh, Lawrence Craigie,
-At London , aged 79, James Butler, Esq. Esq. advocate. - 30. At Enfield, William
late of the province of Georgia, North A. Saunders, M.D. late of Russell Square,
inerica, an American loyalist. AtPoulton London, aged 84. - Lately, at Inverness,
House, near Marlborough, in his 86th year, aftera short illness, at an advanced age, R.
Lieut.Col. Baskerville ; who, after serv- Macdonald, Esq. This gentleman , who
reputationin the 30th was a cadet ofthe Keppoch family, was a
ing with distinguished
regiment, under the Marquis of Granby in subaltern in Keppoch's regiment in the
Germany, and afterwards in Ireland and year 1745, and was present the battles of
the West Indies, retired to Wiltshire, where Preston , Falkirk , and Culloden . At Cul.
for upwards of thirty years he fulfilled the loden he was made prisoner ; but, owing to
duty of anupright and most impartial ma. his youth , he was allowed to transport him .
gistrate. Lieut.-Colonel Baskerville was self toJamaica, wherehe commenced plan
descended from one of the most ancient ter. Having by his industry acquired an
families in Wiltshire, who have been resi- independent fortune, he returned to his na
dent there ever since the time of William tive country, where he settled . Mr Mac.
the Conqueror -- 5. In Grosvenor Row , donald was one of the young gentlemen
Chelsea , Philip Dixon, Esq. of Strombollo who, with drawn swords, attended Andrew
Cottage . 6. At Killenure House, near Cochrane, provost of Glasgow , in proclaime
Athlone, the lady of Major Alex. Murray, ing the Pretender by the name of King
Cringletie.--At the Deanery House, Dublin , James VIII. and III. - Lately, at Exeter,
Rev. J. W. Keating, Dean of St Patrick's. Mrs Penrose Cumming, widow of Alex.
-7. At Dunglass, Helen , eldest daughter Penrose Cumming, Esq. and mother of the
of Sir James Hall of Dunglass, Bart.At late Sir A. P. Cumming Gordon , Bart. of
Cowhill, Mrs Margaret Johnston , wife of Altyre and Gordonstoune. Lately, at Cas .
George Johnston , Esq. of Cowhill. - 8 . At sel, three old men , who for a series of years
London, of a consumption, in the 25th had passed their evenings together in play
year of her age, Susan Boone, only daugh- ing at cards, died on the same day. They
ter of John Deas Thomson , Esq. one of the were, General de Gohr, aged 86 ; the Coun
Commissioners of his Majesty's navy.--At sellor of Legation d'Engelbronner, aged
Stirling, James Duthie, Esq. some time of 89 ; and the Count Gartener, Schwar -eskupt,
the island of Jamaica .-At Clarence Cot. aged 83. A fourth friend , M. Voelkel,
tage, Ruthwell, Joseph Richardson , Esq. died within ayear; and a fifth, the Privy
in the 82d year of his age. AtLondon , in Counsellor Schminke, aged 86, had preced .
bis 85th year, Major A. H. Brice, brother ed them by some months.
Oliver & Boyd , Printers, Edinburgh .
 riri

.
1
‫ܝ‬. r ,

nsurate
--

al and

which I
i that of
ve as the
ition, re- t
which all
ges , have
tion . In
istory , the
eated men
umpet, the
the harp,
with their
int trains of
o some moral
s , music was
had attained
is warriors or
ought not un
and encour
visest and least
gislators .* The
h antiquity of
to be established
, have possessed,
period to which
's , a music, con
irty - six melodies .
one, I believe, but
is nations, are en
music. Among the
Indians, we are in
Weld , that nothing
try or music is to be
mong the more gentle
.nhabitants of some of the
is, a sort of music (rude,
confessed, and little calcu
in European ear ) was
 NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS, &c.

The admirable Observations by “ Senex ," on Mr Kemble's Essay on the

Characters of Macbeth and Richard III. will appear in our next Number.
The communication On the Exportation of Cotton Yarn , -- Some Account
of Billy Marshall, a Galloway Gypsey ;-and the Reviews of Stewart's Nat
ural History ,-Moore's Sacred Songs,-and Modern Greece, a poem ; -are
intended for insertion in No V.

The articles on Spurzheim's Theory ,-Bain's Variation of the Compass ,

New Method of discovering the Longitude ,-Accounts of Dunblane Mi .

neral Spring, and of Leamington Spa,-Comparison between Athens and

Edinburgh ,—Some particulars respecting the Originals of the Black Dwarf
and Edie Ochiltree, --Several additional Notices about Scottish Gypsies, –
and a great variety of Poetical pieces,-have been received, and will be care
fully attended to .

We have received, from an anonymous Correspondent, the copy (as he as

sures us) of an unpublished Letter of Robert Burns.” — It contains nothing
of much interest ; but we shall be happy to insert it upon being furnished with
the original, or unquestionable evidence of its authenticity.
Some unlooked for interruptions have rendered it impossible to present our
readers with the conclusion of the Review of Lalla Rookh in the present Num
ber, but it will not fail to appear next month .

1
 BLACKWOOD'S
EDINBURGH MAGAZINE .

No IV . JULY 1817. VOL . I.

ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS.

CURSORY REMARKS ON MUSIC , ESPE portance of which are commensurate

CIALLY ON THE SOURCES OF THE with those of our intellectual and
PLEASURE WHICH IT COMMUNI moral powers and habits.
*
CATES.
The inquiry, respecting which I
have no higher purpose than that of
The pleasures which are interwo- basisoffering a few hints to serve as the
ven with the constitution of our na- of an evening's conversation, re- t
ture, and which, under proper regula- gards a class of pleasures, which all
tion , become important sources of civilized nations, in all ages, have
our happiness, may be divided into thought worthy of cultivation. In
three classes : -Istly, Those which those records of remotest history, the
arise from the gratification of the sacred writings, we find repeated men
bodily senses ; 2dly, Those of which tion of the cornet, the trumpet, the
the exercise of the imagination is the psalter, the cymbal, and the harp,
chief, if not the only quality ;-and and always in connexion with their
lastly, Those of a mixed nature, in power of exciting pleasant trains of
which the intellectual faculties are feeling, or of contributing to some moral
excited into agreeable action by im- effect. Among the Greeks, music was
pressions made on the animal senses. practised by those who had attained
The first class cannot require, and the highestdistinction as warriors or
indeed do not admit of, illustration. philosophers, and was thought not un
All that can be affirmed respecting worthy the countenance and encour
them is, that certain objects in the agement of one of the wisest and least
surrounding world are adapted to voluptuous of ancient legislators.* The
excite pleasurable sensations with suf- Hindûs, also, the high antiquity of
ficient universality to entitle them to whose recordsappears to be established
be called naturally agreeable. We are by sufficient evidence, have possessed,
gratified by certain tastes and smells, from the earliest period to which
and can give no explanation of the their history extends, a music, con
cause of our enjoyment. It is of a fined indeed to thirty-six melodies.
kind which lasts no longer than the In modern times, none, I believe, but
impression itself, and terminates with absolutelybarbarous nations, are en
the removal ofits object. But the tirely destitute ofmusic . Among the
higher classes of our pleasures, being North American Indians, we are in
renewable by voluntary efforts of the formed by Mr Weld, that nothing
mind, and depending on the exercise resembling poetry or music is to be
of its various faculties (of perception, found ; but among the more gentle
of association, of judgment, of imagi- and civilized inhabitants of someofthe
nation), become fit objects of that Society islands , a sort ofmusic (rude,
branch of science, the dignity and im- it must be confessed, and little calcu
lated to please an European ear ) was
* Read to a Literary and Philosophical
Society in the country. Lycurgus.
344 Remarks on Music .
[ July
ascertained by Captain Cook to be the more be explained , than we can ac
accompaniment of dancing, which, for count for the inability to discriminate
the grace of its movements, would not particular colours, which has been
have discredited an Italian opera . ascertained to exist in certain indivi
Pleasures so universally felt as duals, or the insensibility to some
those of music, may be inferred to odours, which has been observed in
háve their foundation in some quality other persons. Admitting them to
common to human nature, and inde- exist, they do not warrant the conclu
pendent of local or temporary circum- sion, that the pleasure derived from
stances. It may be inquired , whether music consists solely in the gratifi
this pleasure is to be referred merely cation ofthe organ of hearing. A cer
to the gratification of the ear as an tain perfection of the physical struc
organ of sense, or whether it is not ture of the eye is necessary to render
entitled to the higher rank of an in- it an inlet to those impressions from
tellectual enjoyment ? the surrounding world , which , when
In the discussion of this question, afterwards recalled by the mind, and
it must be acknowledged at the outset, variously combined , constitute the
that a structure of the ear , distinct pleasures of imagination. But no one
from that which adapts it to the quick would conténd, that the enjoyment
perception of ordinary sounds, proba- derived from a contemplation of the
bly exists in those individuals who charms of external nature is a sensual
are distinguished by an aptitude to pleasure, of which the eye alone is the
derive pleasure from music. The ob- seat and the instrument.
servation of children,in early infancy, It appears, moreover, to be consist
affords sufficient evidence of the par- ent with observation, that, even in
tial endowment of what has been the same individual, the capacity of
called a musical ear. Among children being affected by musical sounds ad
of the same family, it is common to mits of considerable variety ; and that
meet with the most striking differences it is modified, especially by the state
in the powerof catching and repeating of the nervous system , independently
tanes - differences which bear no pro- of the influence of those moral causes
portion to the degree of sensibility, which will be afterwards pointed out.*
as indicated by other circumstances. Dr Doddridgehas related a remarkable
Nothing is more usual also , than to instance of a lady, who had naturally
find persons who, in the course of a neither ear nor voice for music, but
long life, have never been able to ac- who became capable ofsinging, when in
quire a relish for music, though fre- a state of delirium , several fine tunes,
quently thrown into situations where to the admiration of all about her. +
to hear it became matter of necessity. And I remember a young gentleman ,
And this defect is observed, not in the addicted to somnambulism , and ra
dull and insensible only, but in per- ther insensible than otherwise to plea
sons alive to all that is excellent in sure from music, who has repeatedly
poetry, in painting, and in other polite found himself leaning from an open
arts. Pope, who has perhaps never window during the night, and listen
been surpassed in the melody of ver- ing (as he imagined till awakened )
sification, is recorded by Dr Johnson to delightful musicin the street.
to have been incapable of receiving Another fact, which may safely be
pleasure from music. And it is still assumed as the basis of our reasoning
more remarkable, that the exquisite on this subject, is, that there are cer
art of modulating the voice, which tain sounds which are naturally agree
enables it to express all those delicate able to all ears, and others which are
shades of emotion and passion, that so naturally unpleasant, independently
powerfully affect us in the eloquence of all casual associations. The soft
of the stage, the bar, and the senate, tones of a flute , the notes of certain
has been practised by individuals in
sensible even to the charms ofa simple A friend , to whom this essay was shewn ,
melody. Garrick was
stance of wonderful a striking
command in pointedout
over the to the author a gentlemandis
tones of the voice in speaking, united, tinguished by a fine musicalear, which he
loses, without any degree ofdeafness, when
we are told, with the total deficiency ever he is affected with a severe cold in the
of a musical ear . head .
These defects of the ear can no + Phil. Transact. for 1747.
1817. ] Remarks on Music. 345
birds, the swelling sounds of the and can overcome the painful memory
Eolian harp, and the melody of the of the past, or extinguish gloomy fore
human voice, have some quality in- bodings of the future, by inducing a
herent in them , which would render frame ofmind adapted to the brighter
them , even if heard for the first time, visions of hope and cheerfulness . Its
universally delightful. * But the creak- powers indeed have not been exagge
ing of a door, or the jar produced by rated by the eloquent descriptionof
the filing of a saw , can convey pleas- the poet :
ure to no one, and must excite, on
“ Hear how Timotheus' varied lays surprise,
the contrary, universal antipathy and And passions fall and rise ;
disgust. << All the sounds , atalternate
," says Whilebid each change , the son of Lybian
Cowper in one of his letters, “ that Jove
nature utters are agreeable, at least in Now burns with glory , and then melts with
this country . I should not , perhaps, love.
find the roaring of lions in Africa, orof Now his fierce eyes withsparkling fury glow,
bears in Russia, very pleasing ; but Now sighs steal out, and tears begin to flow .
I know no beast in England ,whose Persians and Greeks like turns of nature
found ,
voice I do not account musical, save, And the world's Victor stood subdued by
and except always, the braying of an sound . "
ass . The notes of all our birds and
fowls please me, without one excep- It is to be observed,however, of the
tion ; and as to insects, if the black emotions occasioned by music, that
beetle, and beetles indeed of all hues, they are referuble only to a class ; and
will keep out of my way, I have no that they have never that distinct ap
objection to any of the rest ; on the propriation which belongs to the crea
contrary, in whatever key they sing, tions of the sister arts of poetry and
from the gnat's fine treble to the bass painting. When we listen for the
of the humble bee, I admire them all. first time to a simple melody, it is its
Seriously, however (he continues ), it general character only that we are
strikes me as a very observable instance able to perceive. We are conscious
of providential kindness to man, that that it kindles cheerful or melancholy
such an exact accord has been con- feelings, without being able to refer
trived between his ear, and the sounds them to any individualobject. Now ,
with which , at least in a rural situa- I believe, there is no way in which
tion , it is almost every moment visit- our sensibility can be thus affected ,
ed .”+ except by the association of certain
The source of the pleasure derived ideas with sounds, or successions of
from music must be investigated, not sound, which we have formerly heard ,
by an examination of that which pre- not perhaps precisely the same in
vails in polished society, complicated, kind, but belonging to the same class.
as it is, with various refinements that And if we seek for the original pro
are not essential to it ; but as it exists, totypes of those tones, which, by their
in its simplest form , in those melodies rhythm and cadences, become capable
which delight an untutored ear, and of exciting emotions, they will be
which powerfully affect the heart, even found,I apprehend, in natural sounds,
when they do not recall to the fancy as well as in natural expressions of
scenes in which they have been heard, feeling, that were-antecedent to all
or events with which they have been oral language, and are universal to
associated . human nature. Cheerfulness naturally
That music has the capacity of ex- disposes to quick andsudden changes
citing lively emotions, must be decid- of tone and gesture ; and melancholy
ed by an appeal to the experience of has the effectof weakening the voice,
producing low and slowly mea
those who are sensible to its pleasures. and ofaccen
From minds thus constituted, it can sured ts. The gentle and tender
often banish one train of feelings, and feelings of pastoral life find a natural
replace them with another of opposite expression, in tones corresponding
complexion and character, especially with them in delicacy and softness.
when the transition is made with skill And the idea of sublimity is almost
and delicacy. It can soothe the an- necessarily annexed to sounds, of
guish of sorrow and disappointment, which loudness is one but not the
only element, and which, though they
* See Knight on Taste. + Letter cxvi. may have no strict analogy with the
 346 Remarks on Music. [ July
roll of thunder, or the roaring of the tunes, he adds, so expressive to us
cataract, have it yet in common with of religious solemnity, were, in the
this impressive language of nature, French court, applied to licentious
that they are associated with our first songs ; and the fine melody adapted
notions of magnitude and power. to the 100th psalm , was sung to a
Hence it is, that music is to be con- popular love ditty. An instance also
sidered as an imitative art ; but its occurs to my own recollection, of the
imitations, to be a source of pleasure, successful adaptation of a fine song of
must be extremely general, and must Purcell* to the purpose of a psalm 1

seldom indeed descend from the class tune. Conversions like these could
to the individual. All such attempts never (as Mr Jackson has observed)
at close resemblance fail of their pur- have succeeded, if the imitations of
pose, and even become ridiculous. This music were more than extremely gene
has been well illustrated by Mr Avi- ral, and if poetry had not the power
son, in his excellent Essay on Musical of determining what idea the music
Expression, inwhich, speaking of com should exp ress .
posers addicted to too close imitation, A general accordance, however, be
he observes, “ Were any of these gen- tween the language of poetry and the
tlemen to set to music the following music adapted to it, may in all cases
words of Milton , be reasonably required. It is at least
Their songs essential, that the air and the poetry
Divide the night, and lift our thoughts to should not be at variance that a
Heaven .' lively melody, for example, should not
It is probable, that on the word divide convey the language ofgrief or com
he would run a division on half a plaint; and that a solemn or plaintive
dozen bars ; and, in the subsequent air should not be associated with gay
part of the sentence, he would not or exhilarating verse. Under the guid
think he had risen to the heights of ance of composers of judgment and
sublimity till he had climbed to the taste, music and poetry are power
very top of hisinstrument, or at least ful auxiliaries of each other ; for while
as high as the human voice could fol- music exalts the sensibility of the
low him ." This servility of imitation mind, and by its general tendency
has been alsohappily ridiculed by Swift, disposes it to lively emotions, poetry
in his " Proposals for a Cantata,” in gives vividness to our impressions, and
which the words high and deep have turns to shape the indistinct images
high and deep notes set to them ; a of the fancy
series of short notes of equal length is That music was originally derived
introduced to imitate shivering and from the natural language ofpassion and
shaking " ; a sudden rise of the voice, emotion , is rendered highly probable,
from a very low to a very high pitch, by inquiring into the history ofthe early
to denoteflying above the sky, with melodies of all countries that possess a
several other droll contrivances of a national music.— " All the songs of the
similar nature. ( Lowlands of Scotland (says Dr Beat
It is on this principle (namely, of a tie, in his excellent Essays on Poetry
general resemblance only between the and Music) are expressive oflove and
tones of music and those expressive of tenderness, and of other emotions suit
an ordinary feeling) that we are to ed to the tranquillity of pastoral life.
explain some facts which have been The music adapted to them ,” he is of
stated by an ingenious writer, who opinion , " probably took its rise among
was himself distinguished both as men who were realshepherds, and who
a proficient in the science of music, actually feltthe sensations and affections
and an accomplished judge of its ex- whereof it is so very expressive .” Mr
cellence. In a work , entitled “ The Ritson is also of the same opinion . It
Four Ages,” the late Mr Jackson of cannot (he observest) be reasonably
Exeter has endeavoured to prove, that doubted , that many, if not most, or
there is no natural alliance between even all the celebrated and popular
poetry and music. He alleges, for Scottish melodies now extant, as dis
example, that the songand chorus of tinguished from the Highland airs,
CC
Return, O Lord of Hosts,” in the
Oratorio of Samson, might with equal >>

success have been adapted to the com * “ Come unto these yellow sands."
plaints of a lover. The old psalm + In his Essay on Scottish Song.
1
 Observations on Original Genius. 34 %
1817.]
have been actually composed by the the artificial arrangements of society
natives of the Lowlands, speaking and are less frequently the objects of this
thinking in the English language ; by definite and unconquerable inclina
shepherds tending their flocks, or by tion, than such as are common to man
maids milking their ewes ; by persons, in the simplest state. These are fre
in short, altogether uncultivated , or, quently cultivated from the private de
if one may be allowedthe expression , light they afford, with only a second
uncorrupted by art, and influenced on- ary view to their effects on others, or
ly by the dictates of pure and simple in promoting our own fortune or re
nature. It is a fact, also, in evidence putation ; while these effects are the
of the same theory, that the simple primaryand ultimate causes for prose
melodies of Scotland have caught the cuting the former. No human being,
prevailing spirit of the age in which for example, loves, for its own sake,
they were produced. During the the study of Scotch law, which only
feuds of theborderers (it has been re- becomes tolerable after long familiari
marked by the ingenious Mr M`Neill), ty, through means of which time be
intestine wars and hostilities, tumult gets a certain fondness for any thing
and disorder, midnight plunder, mur- not essentially detestable. Poetry , on
der, andcalamity, werethe animating theother side, presents, in many in
subjects which furnished these savage stances, a pure specimen of innate par
songsters with materials for their lays. tiality, strengthening in the face of op
But the pastoral songs of the succeed . position, and triumphing over every
ing age breathe only peace, harmony, species of discouragement.
and love ; and incline us to believe, The bias last mentioned, indeed, is
that universal safety, combined with generally the best marked, the earliest
rural happiness and contentment, were developed, and most obstinate of all.
the genuine incitements both of the Situations the most unfavourable, cir
poetry and music." * cumstances the most adverse to its
( To be continued.) growth, accumulated around with the
ingenuity of apparent design , though
they sometimes crush the individual,
Natures so
seldom divert his course.
OBSERVATIONS ON ORIGINAL Genius. highly endowed are not the proper
subjects of chance or fortune. Instead
“ Discutitur autem iste torpor triplici of being guided by accidents , they
auxilio : aut per calorem , aut per virtutem force them into the service of a pre
alicujus cognati corporis eminentem , aut per conceived design, and often with so
motum vividum et potentem :" . much success, that superficial reason
Bacon .
ers suppose them to have been intend.
The fate of ordinary men, or at leasted by providence for those very pur
the nature of their pursuits, is gene- poses to which human ingenuity has
rally determined byfortuitous circum- reduced them.
stances, by the current of which, feeble A poetical mind, indeed, though
and irresolute spirits are borne quietly produced in a barbarous age, or in a
through life. Of superior minds it rude and backward part of the world ,
may be observed, that the spring of meets at first no very alarming oo
action is within ; they are impelled by stacles, and may even be seduced into
their own energies, and directed by verse by the seeming plainness of the
their own will. Besides, a particular way. The materials of pleasure lie
determination uniformly accompanies on the surface, the poet therefore
genius ; for, though a strong mind needs to go little deeper tian the
thinks strongly on every subject, uni- painter ; the passions are best studied
versal excellence is never permitted to in our own bosoms, and none describe
an individual, and therefore the wis- them well, or control them in others,
dom of nature provides against that who draw their knowledge of them
mediocrity which arises from diffusing from a more distant source : finaliy,
the forces of great talents, by placing invention is only a new combination
them under the managementof a rul- from memory, and this is speedily en
ing passion . riched with great, agreeable, and sur
The professions which originate in prising appearances, derived imme
diately from the workings, agitations,
* Notes to the Lyric Muse of Scotland. and changes, of nature and fortune
348 Observations on Original Genius. [ July
around us . Even in the minor quali- retard , the fate of inferior productions.
fications of diction and style, the diffi- The history of this author affords one
culties are not insurmountable. The of the strongest instances I remember
imperfections of an infant language of the superiority of nature to fortune ;
are greater asan instrument of thought of the great length to which persever
thanas a vehicle of feeling ; according- ing talents can draw the slenderest
ly, when the historian and philosopher means. A few years ago Mr Hogg
find it unfit for their purposes, contem- was known only as an extraordinary
porary poets often exhibit a richness, shepherd, who composed humorous
strength, and propriety, which anti- songs for the rustics of Ettrick Forest,
cipate the improvements of several or modulated softer love ditties on the
centuries. banks of the Yarrow . About the same
But there is a state of society more time Mr Scott was beginning to direct
unpropitious, and situations infinitely all men's eyes to the Border, and the
less inviting, than those now supposed. unequivocal sovereignty he soon es
When taste has received the last tablished over the public attention,
touches of refinement, and composi- rendered any thing like rivalship, in
tion its highest graces, should the that department, absurd, and emula
spirit of poetry inflame an untutored tion eminently hazardous. But Hogg,
and illiterate mind, what are his pros- like every poetborn, was an enthusiast.
pects of success ? Ease and retirement, Instead of being struck dumb either
if not indispensable to the perfection with envy or despair, as some birds
of his higher attributes of fancy and are said to be by the voice of the
imagination , are clearly so when cor- nightingale, --with modest assurance,
rectness and elegance are essential to which he has since vindicated, he
his purpose of affording delight. His struck a lower key, and supported no
first productions are necessarily es- mean accompaniment. The defects
teemed coarse and faulty; and though of his education were obviated by
applause may predominate,the just se- unremitting attention to the strength
verity even of friendly criticism chas- and copiousness of our own language,
tens his confidence and self-esteem , and his taste speedily corrected by an
and consequently removes half his active admiration of refined writers.
strength . Add to these, the effects Hence almost every one of his nume
produced by perpetual descents to the rous publications, up to that just men
dead level of vulgar life, the ex- tioned , improves on its predecessor,
haustion of strength and spirits by although to all appearance he had few
employments uncongenial to his dis- to teach him , and fewer opportunities
positions, or, worse than all, perhaps of learning. His first essays remind
the subjection of the mind itself to us of our native poets in the sixteenth
some dull monotonous pursuit, and century, The Queen's Wake does hon
you will have an idea of the merits our to the present. I am happy to
of such resolute persons as have en- learn that another edition of thiswork
countered these difficulties, and, in is at present publishing by subscription
defiance of them , attained the highest for the benefit of the author, who, like
eminence in the art of which I am most of his brethren , has had cause to
speaking, and be disposed to deplore complain of fortune,-and, like too
the far greater number who have per- many of them ,with but partial re
ished under them . dress. The observations accompa
Our own times, I take pleasure to nying the proposals, come, I under
observe, are not without one example stand, from a gentleman who has con
of the first sort ,—of one who, by the tributed much to the reputation of
mere force of naturalparts, has raised this country and age, and to the de
his name from obscurity to the first light of all the lovers of poetry and
rank , and divided the public favourpolite letters, --not only by his own
with others equally endowed, but pen, but also by an affectionate ate
much more happily circumstanced tention to the rising merit of others.
than himself. I allude to the authorThere is nothing, I think, more pleas
of The Queen's Wake, a work of whiching than such cordial friendship and
we now judge without finding it ne- esteem between men distinguishedby
cessary to make allowances for the ac- similar excellencies, and therather be
cidents of education and training, cause the experience of former times
which sometimes smooth, but seldom renders it unexpected. I.
1817.។ Stewarts of Allanton . 349

66
SITTING BELOW THE SALT , " AND upon the Clyde, near Glasgow : That
Sir Allan Stewart of Daldowie ( grand
THE STEWARTS OF ALLANTON .
son to Sir Robert,) obtained, on ac
Audi alteram partem . count of his valour in 1385, from King
Robert II ., his father's second cousin ,
MR EDITOR , the rank of knight banneret, together
As it was once my intention to write with the honourable addition of the
an account of the antiquities of the lion -passant, or English lion , to his
midland counties of this kingdom , and paternal coat armorial ;-as also, on
as I made some investigations for that the same account, the lands of Allan
purpose, both in the public archives ton, in Allcathmuir, from the church
and the repositories of individuals, ! in 1420. Moreover, that I had seen
was surprised to see, in your useful charters and seasines, in the possession
Magazine for April last, (in a curious of his posterity, from 1460 and 1492
disquisition on the ancient custom of downwards ; since which time they
“ Sitting below the Salt,") a very er have intermarried with some of the
roneous account ofa family in Lanark- first families in the kingdom. Know
shire, of great antiquity and respecta- ing these things as I did, I own I was
bility, I mean that of STEWART of surprised to observe his descendant, Sir
ALLANTON . On looking over a list, Walter Stewart of Daldowie and Allana
which I made at the time, of the most ton , described, in 1650, as the good
66

distinguished names in that county, man of Allanton , and of a very mean

I find this family classed with the family upon Clyde” !!! See Memoirs,
Douglasses, the Hamiltons, the Lock- vol. II. p. 380.*
harts of Lee, and some others, who, On applying to the worthy and
as ancient barons and landholders, had learned Baronet who now represents
had possessions there from a very re- this family, and inquiring whether
mote period. he had seen the article in your Maga
The passage in the article to which zine, he replied in the affirmative,
I allude is taken from a book of some and laughed very good -naturedly at
curiosity , “ TheMemorie, or Memoirs the account, observing, that it was
of the Somervilles," written by the quite fair from the pen of a Somer
eleventh Lord Somerville about 1680, ville, and as a production of the period.
and edited two years since by that In regard to the pretensions to supe
indefatigable writer, Mr Walter Scott. rior descent assumed by Lord Somer
In this publication, Sir Walter Stewart ville on the ground merely of his own
of Daldowie and Allanton , and his statement, and as an apt counterpart
brother, Sir James Stewart of Coltness, to the above delineation, he reminded
are represented to be of a family of me of the well-known dialogue which
Yeomen or Fewars, whose ancestors took place between the lion and the
neverhad, until their day, (the mid- man in the fable, when each contended
dle of the seventeenth century ,) “Sat for the superiority, and which I need
above the salt foot. ” And further, not here repeat. It was on this occa
it is stated, seemingly as an extraor- sion that the former pointed out to
dinary honour done to them , that the king of the forest , as a conclusive
they actually did sit above the salt at argument in his own favour, à paint
the table of Somerville of Cam- ing, in which was represented a lion
nethan , “ which for ordinary every
Saboth they dyned at, as most of the
honest men within the parish ofany Mr* Scott,observes
On this and other passages,
ina note, ( vol. the
I. p.editor,
169,)
account.” See Memoirs, vol. II. p. that Remarks escape from the author's
394.
pen , unjustly derogatory to this ancient
Now, sir,' I happened to know, that branch of the House of STEWART, to which
this family came into Lanarkshire he himself was allied by the marriage of
from Kyle and Renfrew , the ancient Janet Stewart of Darnley with the ancestor
seat of the Lord High Stewards, as of Sir Thomas Somerville . " In this obser
early as 1290,and is lineally descend- vation I entirelyagree with Mr Scott. But
ed from Sir Robert Stewart, whose hemight have added, with equal truth ,that
father, Sir John Stewart of Bonkle, neither friend by
blood norally normarriage
foe, neither
,could relative
escapetheby
(who was killed at the battle of Fale abuse of this irritable lord, if he only differ
kirk, anno 1298,) bestowed upon him ed from him in religious and political septi.
in patrimony the barony of Daldowie, ments.
VOL . I. 2 Y
350 Stewarts of Allanton . [ July
in contest with a man, crouching under vanity also ; but he was frugal, dexter
the stroke, and yielding to the strength ous in the management of country af
of his antagonist . fairs, and had added to his estates by
The learned Baronet, moreover, such judicious purchases, that they
obligingly communicated to me, from greatly out-weighed the possessions of
a MS. history of his family, which has his rival. But the pas, or precedency,
been long preserved in it , some amus- universally given to Sir Walter both in
ing anecdotes of the ancient feud that public and private,wounded the pride
had subsisted between his ancestors of Somerville, and induced him to be
and the Somervilles, of the inveteracy stow on his neighbour the slighting
of which so many instances are detail- epithet of the “ Goodman of Allanton ;'
ed in Mr Scott's publication. And al- a salutation which Sir Walter never fail
though such anecdotes must appear ed to retaliate in kind ; so that that of
rather uninteresting in the presentday, the “ Goodman of Camnethan " was as -
yet, I trust, youwill admit the follow , tunity
ing few particulars into your useful
courteously retorted, as often as oppor
offered . But this is a circum
work . In expressing this hope, I as- stance, which,though carefully record
sure, you, sir, that I acton no instruc- . ed in the Allanton MSS., the good
tions from the gentleman in question ; Lord Somerville has not thought pro
but I think it will not only appear as per to notice. Both, however, being
a proof of that impartiality, for which fond of their pint-stoup of claret, they
everypublicwriter aspires to be dis- occasionally forgot these animosities at
tinguished, but as a matter of justice the parish change -house, according to
to a family, which certainly is at the the custom of the times, or at their re
head of one of the most ancientbranches spective mansions ; and as Camnethan's
of the House of STEWART. residence was in the immediate neigh
The feud, it seems, which subsisted bourhood of the church , it was the fa
between the Stewarts and the Somer- shion of the day to wash down the ser
villes, was of very ancient standing, mon there, with copious potations of
probably originating in some of those that exhilarating beverage.
predatoryexcursions, or personal quar- It was probably at one of these con
rels, which occupied the leisure, while vivial meetings that Lord Somerville
they inflamed the passions, ofa warlike met Sir Walter, and his brother, Sir
race of men. Sir Walter Stewart and James Stewart of Kirkfield and Colt
Somerville of Camnethan, it appears, ness, “ with most of the honest men
had inherited the antipathies of their (as he says) within the parish, of any
respective houses. Unlike each other account : And it was not unnatural
in temper and pursuits, their animosi- in his Lordship to speak, in the lan
ty was imbittered by their religious guage of the family, of two of its most
prejudices, and by their political and inveterate political opponents, and of
parish disputes. For, while Sir Walter the only persons in the district, pos
supported, withall his might, the so- sessed of rank and fortune sufficient to
lemn league and covenant ( the popu- overshadow the consequence of his
lar doctrine of the times), Somerville kinsman. The fact is, that both the
adhered, with no less pertinacity, to vanity and the consequence of Somer
the episcopal principles of his ances- ville were soon not only overshadowed,
tors ; and no man ,who contemplates but completely eclipsed , in Lanark
onlythe milder influence of religious shire ; for Sir James Stewart, who
opinions at present, can in any degree was a merchant and banker in Edin
conceive their rancorous character near- burgh, and had acquired a handsome
ly two centuries ago. fortune in these honourable profes
When other topics failed , the anti- sions, * actually purchased the greater
quity of their families supplied a fruit
ful theme of jealousy and dissension,
and was at that time an affair of no * He became commissary and paymaster
small interest as well as amusement to general, anno 1650 , to the Scotch army un
their neighbours. Camnethan (accord- der General Leslie, whichwas defeated at
Dunbar by Oliver Cromwell; and, together
ing to Lord Somerville, as well as the with the Marquis of Argyle and the Earl of
Stewart MSS. ) was vain and expen- Eglinton, was one of thethree commissioners
sive character, who, by a course of ex- who, on the part of the Scotch , held the
travagance, had run out his estate . Sir conference with Cromwell on Bruntsfield
Walter, it appears, had his share of Links .
 351
1817.] Stewarts ofAllanton .
part of the Camnethan estate, leaving arealso given at length in the Stewart
the owner in possession of only the MSS.), area sufficient evidence of his
mansion -house , and an inconsiderable entering with eagerness into all the
space adjoining to it. This last por- family quarrels. Hence his anxious
tion , a few years after, was also dis- desire, on every occasion, to detract
posed of to an advocate in Edinburgh, from the character, and lessen the
of the name of Harper ; and it has importance, of both the brothers, Sir
since passed, together with other pro- Walter and Sir James ; to represent
perty of greater extent, into a younger them as fewars, “ from some anti
branch of the Lee family . quity,” however, of the Earl of Tweed
There is another anecdote of these dale's, in Allcathmuir ; to describe
two rival lairds, Sir Walter Stewart them as persons whose ancestors had
and Somerville of Camnethan , which “ sat below the salt, ” &c. &c.; all of
is recorded in the family history above which , he himself must have felt,
alluded to ; and I shall beg leave to were what Tacitus calls Ignorantia
mention it as illustrative of the cha- recti, et invidiu , * the mere ebullitions
racters of both . of party animosity ,-of animosity of
When Oliver Cromwell, after re- all others the most likely to go down
ducing Scotland to subjection, directed with the uninformed among his own
a valuation to be taken of the landed adherents, that it vilified their adver
property of the kingdom (and which saries, and contained withal a certain
constitutes the rule whereby the cess intermixture truth . But could Lord
and sundry other public burdens are Somerville, even in imagination , have
still paid), the Laird of Camnethan , anticipated that these his Memoirs
anxious to exhibit his importance as a were to descend to posterity, -- that
landholder, gave in his rent-roll at an they were to be edited, in a future
extravagant value, and, as it was sup- day, by one of the greatest geniuses
posed, greatly beyond the truth. Sir of his age and nation, and, under the
Walter, on the other hand, who would protection of his powerful name, sent
have spilt the last drop ofhis blood in forth to pass current with the world ,-
a contest for superiority on any other we may do him the justice to believe,
occasion , when called upon for his re- that he would have repressed his envy,
turn , took care to exhibit a statement and tempered party rancour with
as greatly below the mark. On this, greater moderation. He seems, how
his neighbours, who knew of their ever, in his day, to have been what
bickerings, did not fail to rally him, Dr Johnson called a “ good hater,"
for being thus surpassed by his rival, although , in the main, avery worthy
although well known to be possessed and honourable man.
of a far more valuable estate . But the In regard to the term Fewar or
wily knight, who guessed at the object Vassal, it must be known to every
of the Protector'spolicy, was resolved one, however slenderly versed in feu
to act with becoming moderation on dal history, that it implied merely the
such an occasion, and encouraged his condition of him who held an estate
brother, Sir James, in the same pru- under the tenure of “ suit and service
dent line of conduct. He therefore to a superior lord ,” without denoting
only laughed at the transaction ; quiet- any personal inferiority, or any degra
ly observing, that his neighbour's dation of rank. The greatest lords
estate was bonny and bield, and all themselves, as well as barons of the
CG

lying on the Clyde ;" whereas his own first distinction , often held lands of a
( he said) was “ but cauld muirland, subject superior, and consequently
as every body knew, and naething like were fewars or vassals -to that superior,
Camnethan's.” Accordingly, the two who, in his turn, held them of the
properties stand thus taxed and rated crown . Further, that a tenure of
in the cess-books, down to the present lands from the church, in that period,
period. was considered nearly as honourable
The bitterness with which Lord So- as one under the crown itself. Of both
merville speaks of all his political op- of these holdings numerous examples
ponents, and the soreness with which occur in the course of the Somerville
he details his friend's contest with his Memoirs. See vol. i. pp. 114, 117,
neighbour about changing the site of
the parish church , and Sir Walter's * 66
Insensibility to merit, and envy of
successful application against him to the possession.” See Tacit. in Vit. Agricol.
the General Assembly (which, I find, sul initio
352 Greek Tragedy. [ July
&c. &c.—It appears that Sir Walter REMARKS ON GREEK TRAGEDY.
Stewart held one of his estates, namely
that of Allanton , of the church , by No III.
which it was originally granted, as ( Septem adversus Thebas Æschyli
already mentioned ,to his ancestor, Sir EURIPIDIS Phænisse . )
Allan of Daldowie. Soon after the
Reformation , when the immense pro- The Chorus was the distinguishing
perty of the clergy came to be parcelled feature of the Greek tragedy. It was
out to the great lords who had interest composed of a company of men or
at court, Lord Yester, the ancestor of women , who, though they are to be
the Marquis of Tweeddale, obtained a considered as witnesses rather than
grant of the whole barony of Allcath- personages of the play, were usually
muir, as first vassal under the crown ; connected with theprincipal characters
and the “ superiority ” was retained by by the ties of domestic dependence, or
that noble family until a late period. friendship, or country, and took a
Thus the Somervilles, as it appears, deep interest in the events that were
held some of their estates of subjects passing. They remained constantly
superior, and therefore might specially on the stage ; and though they did
be termed their fewars or feudal vas- not by their actions promote or retard
sals, with the same degree of justice ; the views of the main agents, yet they
although it is certain that the epithet bore a considerable share in the dia
extended in general to yeomen, or per- logue. Their office was to soothe the
sons of inferior degree . sorrows of the sufferers, —to shew to
Having now , as I trust, sufficiently the vicious the danger of the unres
vindicated the family honours of a re- trained indulgence of the passions, -- to
spected friend ( who is much more strengthen the good in the pursuit of
able, had he chosen, to have under- virtue, and to sing hymns in honour
taken the task himself ), I shall here of the gods, in which an enthusiastic
close the subject, and take leave of the and elevated poetry was made subser
worthy Lord Somerville, for whose vient to morality and religion . Seve
family' I entertain the highest respect, ral inconveniences attended this sin
and from whose work I have derived gular appendage of the drama. As
considerable pleasure as well as in- they never quitted the stage there
formation. Without drawing any in- could be no change of scene, and it
vidious comparisons between such dis- was necessary that many sentiments
tinguished familiesas the Stewarts and should be uttered, and many actions
the Somervilles, who may be allowed performed , in their presence, which it
to stand upon their respective merits, was inconsistent with the nature of
I will only say, with a judicious an- man to reveal. From this contrivance
cient, Non historia debet egredi veri- arose the unities of time and place,
tatem, et honeste factis veritas sufficit. which were essential to the ancient
I agree, however, with this Noble drama. There could be no change of
Lord, and with a much better writer, place where a number of people remain
namely Tacitus,* in thinking, that it ed on the stage during the whole of
is a subject of regret, that the lives of the play ; and as the time they could
virtuousmen , and the history of hon- remain was limited, so necessarily was
ourable families, however written, have the duration of the action. The disad
not oftener been preserved. It is not vantages of this arrangement are suffi
alone the intrigues of the statesman , ciently obvious ; for, besides that un
or the exploits of the warrior, that natural restriction, itis the chief cause
deserve to be transmitted to posterity : why the Greek tragedy is so barren in
it is much more in the native fresh- incident, and, not unfrequently, so de
ness of narratives such as those to ficient in interest ; and it is mere pe
which I allude ,-it is in the minute- dantry in modern critics to demand,
ness of personal detail which they sup- that writers in these days should com
ply, beyond the sphere of history , ply with rules that arose out of neces
that we must look for an acquaintance sity not chọice; for it must be remem
with the true character of past ages. bered, that tragedy was ingrafted on
' I am, Sir, your most obedient servant, the chorus, not the chorus on tragedy.
CANDIDUS. This species of composition , which
has been the delight of so many coun
* In Vit. Agricol. sub init. tries and so many ages , had its origin
1817.) Greek Tragedy . 353
in an annual festival of Bacchus. Dur . him if he had no children ; for if his
ing the vintage it was customary to queen borehim ason, that son would
sacrifice a he -goat on the altar of that be his murderer. Some time afterwards
deity, and, at the same time, to chant a son was born, and to avoid the accom
hymns in his honour. Suitably to the plishment of the prediction, he was ex
genius of the Greek mythology, that posed , taken up and educated by the
delighted in the innocent pleasures of wife of a shepherd as her own child,
its votaries, this was a season of joy and and, when hegrew to manhood, em
festivity ; and, for the amusement of ployed in thesimple occupations of the
thevintagers, to the original odea short pastoral life His name was Edipus.
dialogue , historical or mythological, One of his fellow shepherds reproach
was added. To this origin even the ed him with the circumstances of his
name bears testimony, which means no- birth, of which he had not before been
thing more than the song of the goat. informed , and this so roused his curi
As in my last paper ņ brought into osity to discover his real parents , that,
one view theChuephoræ of Æschylus with this view, he went to consult the
and the Electra of Sophocles, because oracle at Delphi, and on his way met
their subject is the same, for a simi- a stranger, whom he quarrelled with
lar reason I shall now contrast “ The and slew . This was no other than his
Seven Chiefs at Thebes” and “ The father Laius.
Phenician Women .” Nothing seems to About this time the neighbourhood
be so rare, as the invention of a story at ofThebes was infested by a monster
once so probable as to impress us with called a Sphinx, who proposed enig
an idea of its reality, and so full of mas to the inhabitants, and devoured
extraordinary events and sudden re- them if unable to explain them. Jo
verses, as to swell the soul with that casta, alarmed by the ravages made
delightful interest, without which the by this horrible creature, offered her
works of fiction are a dead letter. The hand, and the crown of Thebes, to
tragic writers, from Æschylus to Shake- any one who should solve the riddle,
speare and Racine, aware of the diffi- as it was understood that the death
culty, have contented themselves with of the Sphinx was to follow . In this
selecting from history, or the legend- Edipus succeeded, and became the
ary tales of a period anterior to it ,such husband of his mother, and the king
subjects as they thought most suitable of Thebes. From this connexion
to tragedy. But though they have no sprung two sons, Eteocles and Poly
othermerit in the ground-work of their nices , and twodaughters, Antigone
dramas than judicious selection, enough and Ismene. The curse of Heaven
is left to the genius of the poet in the was supposed to hang over å family
magic touches, at which materials, in produced by this incestuous inter
themselves coarse and uninteresting, course, and its final extinction is the
rise in harmony and beauty, like the subject of these plays. When (Edi
temple from the shapeless masses of pus made the horrible discovery, he
the quarry : was so shocked, that in a paroxysm of
The misfortunes of the heroes of madness he' tore out his eyes and curs
ancient tragedy often arose out of an ed his children . He retired from the
idea of fatalism , which , as it extenuates government; and his sons, that they
their guilt, so it heightens our sympa- might avoid the fatal consequences of
thy. In the Choephoræ and Electra, his imprecations, agreed to reign alter
Orestes is hurried on to themurder of nately, each an year. Eteocles, who
his mother, not more by the instiga- was allowed precedence as the eldest,
tionof his sister than the commands of when his year expired , refused to re
Apollo. In the disasters of the family linquish the honours of royalty to his
of Edipus, on which so many of the brother, who, enraged at this violation
Greek plays were founded,-and, a- of the solemn agreement, retired to
mong the rest, those I am now to ana. Argos, and married the daughter of
lyze, all is the work of fate. Adrastus, king of that city, whom he
Laius, king of Thebes, was married induced to aid him with a great army
to Jocasta . From this union there in the recovery of his natural rights.
was no issue, and Laius, anxious for a The Seven Chiefs, or the Siege of The
son to inherit his kingdom , went to bes, as it might have been named, is
consult the oracle of Apollo . The res- founded on the expedition of the Ar
ponse was , that it would be happy for give army against that city, in support
354 Greek Tragedy. [ July
ofthe claims of Polynices. The alarm The din of war is hastening on,
of the inhabitants of Thebes, express- and the shields are flaming in thesun ;
ed bythe Chorus — the description of Who may with such a host contend ?
walls we love defend ?
on ustheprostrate
the chiefs — the assaultof the besieging Look may in the dust,
army — the cessation of hostilities and We in your altars place our trust
asinglecombat between the brothers, Tothen our spiritsfondly cling,
in which both fall ,-are
, the leading While your statues are o'ershadowing
incidents. What shall become of us ! Do you not hear
In the Seven Chiefs, the first scene The clang of many a shield , and many a
discovers Eteocles lamenting the cares spear ?
and the difficulties of government, and Thy people, Mars, wilt thou betray,
animating the people to the defence of And givethem to the foeman'srage?
Oh ! shall this city pass away,
the city. A messenger comes in, and Thy chosen in a long past age?
givesadescription oftheleadersofthe Thy well-belovedpeopleperish,
invading army, in language at once so Whom thou so long hast deign'd to cherish ?
sublime and so tender, that though God of the golden helm and mighty hand,
it is rather an epic than a dramatic Oh ! look upon thy favoured land.
beauty, as indeed are many of the Ye gods ! the Theban maidens free
From banishment and slavery ;
finest of this play, I cannot deny my For round the city rolls a tide
selfthe pleasure of laying it before my Of warriors in plumed pride,
readers.
In fury driven from afar,
“ The impetuous leaders of the Argive host By the tempestuous gales of war.
Are sacrificingbuils upon the altars, Oh, Jupiter ! our guardian be,
And in the hollow of their shields receive
The blood, in which they dip their hands, And
The Argives throngcaptivity.
save us from around thegates,
and swear
By Fury , Mars, and murder -loving Terror, And murder ontheir steps awaits ;
Either to make of Thebes a heap of ashes, And thespear,trampling steed, and the piercing
Or with life's purest currents dye her soil ; And all the horrors of war are near ;
And hang upon the chariot of Adrastus
Memorials of themselves, and send them For the Seven Chiefs are leading themon,
home
And the work of destruction is begun."
To their loved parents, and their wives and
children : “ The rolling chariots are nigh,
And the lances are maddening in the sky :
The tears of nature glisten in their eyes , My country ! how I weep for thee,
Fierce as they are ; yet does their voice re In the hour of thy calamity !” .
lent not ;
Their steely souls are hot, and breathing fury, And in a succeeding ode the same
Like lions, from whose eyes the battle subject is continued :
flames."
A song of the Chorus succeeds, “ Sleep flies from my eyelids, fear lives in
my heart,
stronglydescriptive ofthe terrorand My cares are consuming,and never depart;
distraction that prevail in a besieged Asthe delicate dovethat sits closein hernest,
city. The army is seen approaching To guard ,with her pinions anddownofher
in the distance . breast,
“ My sinking soul is stricken with fear, From the coil and the sting of the snake
For the hour of sorrow and death is near . that is near ,
The heavy clouds of dust that rise, Her offspring, that to her than life are more
Though dumb, bear tidings through the dear ;
skies, So I fear lest these armies our walls that
That the dreaded foe has struck his tent, surround ,
And is rushing onward , on ruin bent. May level our temples and towers with the
Afar the steeds, seen dimly, fly ground.
Like creatures coming through the sky; See ! in wrath they are coming - oh ! where
And beyond is adark and thickening host, shall I fly,
Like the troubled waves of ocean tost. From the stones and the arrows that boom
The sounds of arms and hoofs I hear, through the sky ?
A mingled murmur in my ear ; Ye gods ! who from Jove the almighty de
But soon shall they in thunder break , scend,
And the dreamer from his visions wake, This city and people, these temples ,defend.
With the voice of many waters from thehills, To what lands can ye go that are blooming
When the rains to torrents swell the rills. so fair ?
To what streams or what fountains that once
Ye gods ! whose power is over all,
By whom the cities rise and fall, may compare
Oh ! hear a wretched people's cries, With the waters of Dirce, so cool and so clear,
And send protection fromthe skies. So rich in their flow , and to fancy so dear ;
1817.) Greek Tragedy. 855
The river of all to which ocean gives birth, Is uttered in reproaches against Tydeus,
The brightest, with plenty that blesses the The city's pestilence, the murderer
earth ? Who leads the Argives in the path of ruin ;
Oh ! god of my country, who , next to the The Fury's herald , the High Priest of death ,
sky, The counsellor of mischief to Adrastus ;
Lov'st the temples of Thebes, in our troubles Thy hapless brother he addresses thus:
be nigh ; Is this a warfare sanctioned by the Gods
Put our foemen to shame, and the glory be Expect'st thou glory from a war like this ?
thine, A traitor to thycountry and her Gods.
That forages thy people may kneel at thy Oh!canstthou cluse thespring ofnature's
shrine. fountains ?
Oh ! doom not a city to ashes and dust, Although this city fall beneath thy might,
Thepride of the nations, antiquity's trust ; Will she receive thee as a son again ?
Shall our maidens, like cattle, be dragged I know that in the combat I must die,
by the locks, Yet will I dare the battle, and I hope
And our matrons be driven to bondage like A fate not quite inglorious.' On his shield
Alocks ! There was no blazonry, he chose to be,
Oh ! loud is the wailing on that fatal day, Rather than seem , a virtuous man .
From their homes when a people is hurried Eteocles at last rushes out to battle,
away ,
Bound and fettered like slaves, and with meets his brother, and both are slain ,
garments all torn , The bodies are brought on the stage,
Wives severed from husbands, and lovers and are mourned by Ismene and Anti
forlorn ; gone, the former of whom was attached
When the bride in despair from the bride- to Eteocles, and the latter to Polynices.
groom is led Meanwhile they receive information
From the joy of her soul to an enemy's bed. that the senate of Thebes had ordered
Rape, murder, andfire, arein every abode, the remains of Eteocles to be interred
In thepalace of kings and the temples of with all the honours due to his rank ;
God ;
When the slumbering infant is startled from but that the body of Polynices should
rest , be cast out unburied, a prey to the
And withpitiful wailings clings fast to the dogs, as a traitor to his country. An
breast ; tigone thus replies to the message:
For the loved one , the cares of the mother
“Go tell the Magistrates of Thebes from me,
are vain , Though all resist, that I will bury him ;
She may hide, -through her body her dar When nature bids, no dangers shall deter
ling is slain .” me ;

A herald enters, and gives a charac- Iwill intermy brother, though the state
ter of each of the chiefs, and describes Should brand me with the name of traitor
for it ;
the blazonry on their shields. In this
part of the play there aresomesplen- Are
Did we not bound by nature's strongest
notonemiserablemother bear us?ties ?
did passages,but like that already The children of the sameunhappy father ?
quoted, morefit for narrative than dra Faint not, my spirit ,-in the path ofduty ,
matic poetry. This is a fault which The living with the dead shall hold com
Æschylus frequently commits ; but we munion ;
are not to be surprised , that without He shall not be the prey of hungry wolves.
any example of the drama to guide No ! I will swathe him in fine linen garments,
him, he should not have clearly seen And in my bosom bear him to the grave,
the limits which separate acted from And rear for him affection's monument ;
Tho'a weak woman , and the state oppose me,
spoken poetry. These descriptions,in Yet shall I find the means for this good pur
which he seems to have taken the
shield of Achilles as his model, occupy pose.”
amost disproportionate length of the The “ Phænissæ ,” the play next to
play, nearly one half of the whole. come under review , is the work of Eu.
The character of Amphiaraus may ripides. It was the glory of Greek
serve as a specimen. There was in tragedy,that in it genius was enlisted
this man , who was a prophet, and who under the banners of morality, and
was averse to the expedition , a gentle- Euripides was not only a greatpoet,
ness of spirit well becoming a minister but an eminent teacher of moral wis
om. He had from nature a heart of
of religion, and finely opposed to the
ferocity ofthe other chiefs. the keenest sensibility - and a rich ima
“ The sixth is Amphiaraus ;-aman gination . In the school of philosophy,
he had learned to turn the one into
Of sanctity of soul and gentle manners,
Yet in a righteous cause heknows not terror ; its proper channels, and to prune the
The virtuous indignation of his heart other of its unprofitable luxuriance,
356 Greek Tragedy. [ July
and, by a concentration ofits energies, man points out to her the chiefs, and
to give it a force and a vigour which among the rest Polynices, for whom
it could not have obtained by any other she had eagerly inquired.
training. He took the most exalted “ Tutor. See ! there he is ;-he stands
view of the end of poetry, and from beyond the tomb
the stores of philosophy he was en- Of Niobe's seven daughters, near Adrastus ;
abled to confer a solidity and a value Dost thou not see him.
on her creations. It was not his aim An . Yes ! but indistinctly ;
merely to yield a momentary delight, MethinksI seehim dimly shadow'd yonder.
but, through the imagination and the Oh !could I journey on that passing cloud,
feelings, to elevate, and refine, and in On the wings of the wind , to my dear bro
ther,
vigorate, the whole nature of man . And pour my spirit in a fond embrace.
But the quality the most prominent See !how he shines in coat of golden mail,
in this great man, is tenderness of Bright as the beaming of the morning sun . "
heart ; nor did he, like Sophocles, put By the mediation ofJocasta, an in
a check on his sympathies, that they terview is obtained betwixt her sons,
mightbe displayedwith the more ef- for thepurpose of a reconciliation ; and
fect in
ever ansome striking
object situation
presents itself ;fortheir
where Polynices, on his admission intothe
city , meets her.
exercise there is an overflow of them ,
and by the communications of genius “ Jo. Oh ! my son ! do I again behold
he never fails to inspire his readers After sothee,
many weary days of absence ?
with his own sorrows. His verses are
Embrace the breasts that gave thee suck ,
laboured to the most exquisite polish, and lay
and he bestowed somuch care on their Thy cheek on mine, andlet thy raven locks
composition , that he is said to have Flow on my bosom ; art thou come at length
spent three days on the correction of Thus unexpected to a mother's arms ?
so many lines. Whether this be liter . Do I again enjoy the dear delights
ally true or not, it is certain that he I had with thee ere thou wert banish'd
hence
was his own most severe and Without thee ?the palace of thy father
critic, with
might, in this respect,beimitated
profit in this scribbling generation , in Was
By allas thy
a desert to me; thou wert mourned
friends,byallthe citizens ;
which many seem to mistake the faci- Then did Ishearmy hoary locks, and then
lity of manufacturing feeble lines for Change the gay garments that betoken'd joy
the inspiration of genius. A story, For the dark weeds more fitting for a
which has been often told, shews the mourner .

extent of his reputation among his Po. There is no man that does not love
contemporaries. In the unfortunate coun his try ;
expedition of the Athenians against Sy- Yet
Lestcome
I shouI ldin fall
anxieties and fears, snar
into mybrothe r's es,
racuse, all the prisoners who could re And perish in them ; yet there is one hope
peat his verses obtained their liberty. Ofsafety in thy promise pledgedtome.
This is perhaps a more splendid eu- Thus have I dared to enter these lov'd walls,
logy than ever was bestowed on poet. These palaces, these altars of the Gods,
In dramatic management, he is less And that Gymnasium wherein I was train'd
skilful than Sophocles, and his trage. To manly sports; and the fair streams of
dies are often clumsy and disjointed Dirce,
in their structure, but even in this re Which hav
yearsseehave come and gone since I
e n ,
spect it will soon appear that he was A miserable exile , fill my eyes
superior to Æschylus. With tears ofmelancholy . Oh ! mother ,
In the Phænissæ, Jocasta, the mo How art thou changed since last I saw thee
ther of the warring princes, is intro here !
duced by Euripides, and acts a dis- Thy griefs for me have brought thee low
tinguished partin the play. She opens indeed .
the piece by a prologue, in which she How is my father, feeble, blind, and old ?
explains the causes of the calamities How are mysisters ? Do they weep for me?
ofher family, and the quarrels of her Jo. The Gods have doom'd ourfamily to
ruin ,
sons.
toher Antigone,
brother weofhad
whose attachment
a proof inthe Yet mustwe. bear our sufferings with pa
conclusion of the last play, then ap- Po. Ask what thou wilt, I will deny thee
pears, accompanied by an aged tutor. nothing ;
From the scene they had a full view 'I came in arms against my country,
of the besieging army, and the old But, by the GodsI swear, unwillingly
1
1817. ) Greek Tragedy. 357

I lift the spear and draw the sword against Hear me, ye kindred of the unhappy king *
it. His sons have perished in the deadly combat.
' Tis thine to reconcile thy children ; C. Alas ! this a heavy blow indeed !
Deliver me, the city, and thyself, M. Yes, if thou knew'st the whole.
From the calamities that threaten us . C. More misfortunes ?
Etcocles. ( Addressing Jocasta . ) M. Thy sister sleeps in death beside her
I come, but in submission to thy orders ; sons .
What wouldst thou have, there is no time -Just as they lay expiring side by side,
1 to lose ? In speed the mother with her daughter
Jo. Truth and justice require delibera came ;
tion ; And when she saw them dying of their
Look not so sternly, ' tis no Gorgon's head wounds,
That thou beholdest, but thy only brother. She shrieked aloud , « Oh ! I am then too
Oh ! Polynices, turn a friendly eye late ! '
Upon Eteocles.--Be friends, my sons! And falling on her children, now the one ,
Et. Mother, do not deceive thyself, but And now the other, wept in bitterness ;
know And cried , • Sons ofmy age ! ye once were
That I for sovereignty would seek the sky dear
Where the sun rises , aye, and would des- To one another as to me, but now
cend Your feuds have ruined me. ' Eteocles ,
Into the central caverns of the earth . In the last throes of agonizing nature,
Therefore to none will I resign the crown : Was wakened to attention by her cries,
It is the sword that must decide our quarrels. And stretched his hand, wet by the dews of
Shall he be sovereign, and must I be slave ? death ,
Let him for this bring fire and sword against Seized upon her's, and, with a feeble preş
me , sure ,
Harness his steeds, and fill the plain with Held it a while, and watered it with tears,
chariots, In token of the love he could not speak ,
I will not yield to him the sovereignty. " And thus expired. The brother, who stil!
The dialogue is continued , and is so lived ,
extremely
limitswill beautiful, my Looked on his sister and his aged mother :
notpermitthat
me toI regret
translate •And
I perish
thee,, mother,
my sister-maye,
yet I pity and
thee,thee, my
even a part of it. brother,
A scene follows betwixt Eteocles Though by my hands thou diest, as I by
and his uncle Creon, who recommends thine.
caution ; but the impetuous young Thou wert once my friend, became mine
man , impatient of restraint, and burn enemy,
ing for revenge, delegates to him the Yet still wert dear to me. My beloved
care of the government, and hurries mother,
out to battle. Creon sends for the And thou, my sister, hear my dying prayer .
soothsayer Tiresias, to consult him Oh ! sooth the citizens, and let them not
respecting the issue of the war ; who Take
But letvengeance on my ashes after adeath
mewith mykindredhave grave;
informs him, that there is no other In this my dear and much - loved native
means of delivering the city from des land .
truction but offering up his son a vic- Thoughcrown
I have lost at once my life and
tim for the general safety. The fa- ,
ther refuses, but the generous youth Let them no longer treat me as an exile.
retires, and puts an end to his life. And, mother , close mine eyes with thing
This scene, taken connect own hands,'
but, as it is little in itself, is good ; (Then did
ed withthe he lay her hands upon his eyes ,)
principal story, it must be condemned • And fare ye well; for now the shades of
death
as an excrescence .
Surround me. It was thus the princes
After this transaction , Jocasta and perished.
Antigone are informed that the battle Then was Jocasta conquered by her sorrows,
had ceased, and that Polynices and. And in a fit of frenzy drew the sword
Eteocles had agreed to decide their From her son's side, and thrust it through
her throat,
differences by single combat. Jo
casta, alarmed by these tidings, hastily And long as life remained, embraced her
sons,
quits the stage, with the design of And died between them .”
preventingherself
throwing this unnatural
sons, and
betwixt hercombat, of The play concludes with the banish
which the issue is narrated to Creon ment of old Edipus, by the orders of
by a messenger: Creon, and a pathetic scene betwixt
“ Mess. ( Aside . ) How shall I commit him and Antigone, who accompanies
nicate tidings ? him into exile . 2.
Vol. I. the 2Z
358 Cqrr Rock Stone Beacon. [ July
CARR ROCK STONE BEACON . from the smallness of the foundation
afforded by the rock, which , as already
The Carr Rock forms the outer ex- noticed, forms the communication to
tremity of an almost continuous reef seaward of an extensive reef of rocks.
of rocks, which extends about a mile Both the Bell and Carr Rocks are
and a half from Fifeness, the eastern what seamen term half tide rocks, a
point of land in the county of Fife. name which indicates, that they are
As this reef forms a turning point in wholly covered by the sea at half tide,
the course of all northern bound ships In respect to the elevation of these
to or from the Frith of Forth, and has rocks above low water mark of spring
very often proved fatal to shipping, it tides, the circumstances of both are
was extremely desirable that this dan- very similar, but the surface of the
gerous rock might be distinguished, Bell Rock measures about 300 feet in
and pointed out to the mariner . length by 280 feet in breadth , while
After muchlabour and expense, the the greatest extent ofthe Beacon Rock ,
Bell Rock Lighthouse, situate also at at the Carr, is only seventy -two feet
the entrance of the Frith of Forth , in length by twenty- three in breadth .
but at a greater distance from land, The consequence of the smallness of
was completed in the year 1810 ; but the dimensions of the Carr Rock , is the
still the safety of the navigation of the almost total want of shelter for the at
great estuary of the Frith of Forth tending boats on either side, which
was incomplete, while the place of the renders the approach difficult except
Carr Rockcould not be ascertained by ing in the finest weather. Another
the mariner between half flood and evil consists in its having been found
half ebb tide, and especially in neap necessary to cut down the rock for a
tides, when it hardly appears above solid foundation, even so low as to be
water. In the year 1811 , the Commis- under the tide ; it thus became neces
sioners of the Northern Lighthouses, sary to erect a coffer- dam round the
with a view to remedy this evil, first site of the building ; this required
ordered one ofWaddell'slarge floating the pumping of water from the foun
buoys, from their superior and com- dation - pit every tide, and thereby sub
manding appearance at sea, to be jected the whole operation to many
moored off the Carr Rock. casualities, which were only to be over
But as chips still continued to be come by the resolution and persever
wrecked upon, and in the neighbour- ance of those employed in the work,
hood of this rock, a permanentbeacon , encouraged by the confidence of the
more conspicuous
astill mark, appeared Board of Commissioners. The opera
to be necessary . Accordingly, in tions have been at length brought to
1812, the Northern Lighthouse Board the most flattering prospect of being
resolved upon the erection of a stone completed in the course of the present
beacon, and this building hasnow been year.
in progress during the last five sum- The Carr Rock , as before noticed ,
mers . is only twenty -three feet in breadth ,
As the Bell Rock Lighthouse is and the foundation course of the bea
about twelve miles from the nearest con is consequently confined to a dia
land, and as this great work was e- meter of eighteen feet. Its height
rected in the courseof four years, our therefore cannot exceed fifty feet, hav
readers will probably be desirous to ing an elevation of a circular form , di
learn how a building upon the Carr minishing towards the top to nine feet
Rock , of much less extent, and not diameter over walls.
two miles from the shore, should have During the three years ending in
required a longer period , and be at- . 1815, the artificers employed at this
tended with so much difficulty. We work were wholly occupied in pre
are informed by Mr Stevenson, engi- paring the foundation or site ofthe
neer for both works, that this is partly building, which became extremely te
owing to the waters of the ocean being dious and difficult, from the lowness
more easily agitated and disturbed of the first course and the accidents
when flowing over the shelving rocks to which building apparatus so ex
bounding the shores, than over those posed was liable. The operations
more in the open sea . The chief bar, could go on only in good weather, and
however, to the operations of the Carr only at the return of spring tides. A
Rock Beacon , is considered to arise wholeyear's work, under these circuma
1817.] Sketches ofForeign Scenery and Manners. 359

stances, did not exceed 130 hours work , which the perpendicular rise of the
ing upon the rock, although a pre- tide gives motion ; and in this manner
mium was allowed to the artificers, the large bell is tolled. A weight is
over and above their stated wages, also at the same time raised ; and as the
for every hour's work they were able tank or float is elevated to the height
to make good upon the rock. After of neap tides, to which the train of
much labour, a site was at length pre- machinery is ealculated, when the tide
pared for the building, and two cour- has flowed to its height, the weight
ses of stone were built upon it in 1815 ; begins to operate by its tendency to
but in the month of September of descend, and it keeps the machine in
thatyear, when in the actof laying a motion till the flood returns again to
third course , which would have brought lift the float and raise the weight, or,
the beacon up to the level of low water in other words, to wind up the ma
mark of ordinary spring tides, a dread- chine. In this manner the bell is to
ful gale occurred , that dispersed the ar- be tolled without intermission .
tificers, and wrenched the oaken tre- We shall have much pleasure in
nails, used in fixing down the stones attending to the further progress of
till the cement took bond; by which this curious work, and in giving our
untoward accident, one -half of the readers a detailed account of the ap
stones of the third course were swept plication and effect of the machinery,
away, the building apparatus was des- when it comes to be erected in the
troyed, and the works were stopped building. It has already been model
for the season . In the following sum- led, and tried upon the small scale for
mer of 1816, the damages ofthe former several years, and found to answer in *
Season having been repaired , the work the most satisfactory manner.
was got to the height of the highwater
mark of spring tides ; and as the build SKETCHES OF FOREIGN SCENERY AND
ing has withstood all the gales of last MANNERS.
winter in this unfinished state, with
out sustaining the smallest injury, No II.
there remains little doubt of its being Batavia's patient sons before mestand,
now successfully completed. Where the, broad ocean leans against the
Our readers will observe, from the land ;
smallness of the Carr Rock , that it is And, sedulous to stop the coming tide,
impossible to erect any building upon Lift the tall rampire's artificial pride ;
it, of sufficie height to be above the While the spent ocean , rising o'er the pile,
reach even ofntvery weighty seas, which Sees an amphibious world beneath him
smile.
wouldat once be fatal to theeffect and The slow canal,the yellow - blossom'd vale,
apparatus of a lighthouse. The build. The willow -tuftedbank , the gliding sail,
ing is therefore to be covered with a The crowdedmart, the cultivated plain,
large bell, in the form of a cupola ; A new creation rescued from his reign.
this bell is to be tolled night and day, GOLDSMITH .
to warn mariners of impending dan Leyden .
ger. But as the beacon is too small, I left Rotterdam the day before yes
and is otherwise quite inadequate for terday in the treckschuit for Delft,
the habitation of a man, it is none of where I arrived in the forenoon of the
the least interesting parts of this de- same day. The morning being wet
sign, to devise how this effect is to be and hazy, I saw little of the country,
produced, without the regular attend- but on reaching Delft the atmosphere
ance of a person to wind up the ma- cleared up , and I obtained a distinct
chinery of the bell apparatus. This view of the surrounding landscape.
is provided for in the following man- One of the most interesting and
ner: In the centre of thebuilding picturesque features which I have yet
there is a kind of chamber or cavity, witnessed in the scenery of Holland,
into which the tidal waters are ad- is the appearance of the storks on the
mitted, by meansof a small conduit chimneytops, pruning their feathers,
or perforation in the walls , and as the and feeding their callow young. The
tide rises on the exterior of the build whiteness of their plumage,
snowy
ing, it also rises in the chamber, and
elevates a metallicfloat or tank, which * For an illustration of the dangers at.
is connected with a rod communicat- tending the Carr Rock, we may refer to
ing with the train of machinery to page 109 of our first Number.
360 Sketches of Foreign Scenery and Manners. [ July
and their elegant and stately forms, nants, as it were , of the superstitions
have a fine effect amidst the confusion of our infancy, which, I believe, most
of a populous and bustling city. This men experience while wandering a
bird, like the ibis among the ancient lone, and in darkness, among those
Egyptians, is considered sacred by the venerable piles which have been for so
Hollanders. It is never killed or dis- many ages consecrated to the purposes
turbed, however familiar or trouble- of religion .
some it may prove, and that dwelling But must, for the present, bid
is considered as fortunate on which it adieu to these “ dwellers in the tem
chooses to take up its summer abode. ple,” though what I have said is due
The young are , however, sometimes to their memory, from the pleasure
captured and sold to slavery, which which they afforded me during one
seems in some degree inconsistent beautiful evening of summer.
with the veneration which is paid to Delft, where I now am , is said to be
the personal dignity of the parent bird. an ancient town, and so it appears, for
I am informed, that they observe an as- the canals are green and stagnant, and
tonishing regularity in the periods of the streets narrow , except at the great
their migrations to and from this central square, which is certainly not
country. They usually make their insignificant. As usual, thecanals are
appearance in spring about the end of numerous, and bordered with rows of
March , and depart in the autumn trees. A Dutchman , with whom I
about the beginning of September. travelled for a few hours in the treck
They are said to winter in Egypt and schuit, informed me, that the canals
the north of Africa. Yesterday even-
of the town might be cleaned , by
ing, which was beautifully calm and means of sluices, every day, and that
serene, when the sun had sunk and the frequency of this operation ac
dim twilight overspread the land, I counted for the greater purity to be
found myself alone in a church - yard, observed in their waters. He like
--not a voice was audible to disturb wise mentioned, that he was a native ,
the utter solitude and silence with of the town of Delft, from which cir
which I was surrounded,-a soft and cumstance, as I remarked rather the
winnowing sound in the air suddenly reverse of a superiority in the particu
attracted my attention , and immedi- lar alluded to, I infer that he was
ately a beautiful pair of storks alight- inclined to flatter the place of his na
ed in the church - yard , within a few tivity .
paces of the place where I stood . It Here I visited the principal church,
was a mild and dewy night, and they which is well worthy of inspection for
were no doubt attracted there by the its own intrinsic excellence, and still
expectation of a plentiful supper on more so on account of the remains
the slugs and insects, which might of many illustrious men which have
have left their hiding places. My un- been deposited in it, and the superb
expected presence, however, seemed monuments which a grateful country
to disturb them , for in a few seconds have erected to perpetuate their me
they mounted to the steeple of the mory.
The church itself is very large, and
church , where they sat uttering their
wild and singularly plaintive cries, is divided in the interior by two ranges
which added greatly to those impres- of magnificent arched pillars ; and
sions of loneliness and seclusion which there are no galleries to diminish the
the situation naturally tended to in- grandeur produced by the great height
spire. Besides the usual note, I ob- of the walls and the vaulting of the
serve these birds make a singular superb roof.
noise, apparently by striking the two The monuments are worthy of be
mandibles of the bill forcibly against ing held in undying remembrance,
each other. This too, in the stillness Indeed I have somewhere read, that
of a summer night, during which it is Delft might be considered as the West
usually made ; and when heard from minster of Holland, on account of the
the top of some lofty cathedral, a remains of warriors and of learned
name which most of the churches in men which it contains. In the centre
Holland deserve to bear, produces a of one compartment of the church
fine effect, and is, indeed , in my mind, stands the splendid mausoleum of
already intimately connected with William I. Prince of Orange, a man
those undefinable sensations, the rem- who is justly considered as the found
1817. ] Sketches of Foreign Scenery and Manners. 361

er of Dutch liberty, and whose me- pation which was the certain conse
mory is revered throughout the land. quence of their fortitude and virtue.
It is the finest monument in Holland, Between these statues, a little ad
and is thought, by some competent vanced beneath the canopy, there is a
judges, to presentone of the most per- statue of Fame. The attitude is com
fect specimens of architectural mag- mon place, but the execution is fine.
nificence in Europe. Above the canopy there is a large and
It consists of a square base of white beautiful alabaster urn, on which a
marble and bronze , and of a beautiful suit of armour of white marble, and of
canopyof similar materials, support- most exquisiteworkmanship, is placed,
ed by four abaster pillars. Betwe and near it the prince is represented
the two pillars facing the great organ , stretched upon his tomb. At his feet
sits a bronze statue of the prince, in there is the figure of the dog, which,
complete armour, seemingly occupied at a former period, having saved his
in the administration of justice. " On life, by awakening him when his tent
his right side there is a fine statue of was beset by Spaniards, is reported to
the goddess of Liberty , and on his left have refused all sustenance after the
stands Justice with her scales. The death of its beloved master. This
former struck me as being the more great prince, if my memory serves me,
beautiful ; it is a production of real · was assassinated by a native of Bur
genius, -- and the greater is the pity gundy, who shot him in the breast
that a work so perfect should be de- with three balls, when he was de
scending his own staircase after din
formed by anything incongruous or ner
absurd , . The assassin , whose namewas
* That it is true 'tis pity, and pity 'tis ' tis Baltazar Gerard, was supposed to
true. ” have been instigated on the one hand
But either the evil star of the artist has, by the machinations of some diaboli
in an inauspicious hour, darkened the cal monks, and,on the other, allured
light of his genius,-or some patriotic by the gold and by the promises of
son of Batavia, avidous of immortality, the perfidious Philip . Gerard, like
has generously offered himself as the many other villains, was well endowed
amender of a work, which, from the with personal courage, and with a re
improvement suggested by him , he solution worthy of a better cause ;
could not possibly understand ; for he sacrificed his own life in order to
over the left hand of the beautiful destroy this famous restorer and pro
creature before mentioned , is placed tector of religious liberty.
a ponderous chapeau bras, richly gild- Besides the ornaments which I have
ed, and sufficiently large, in the eye of already described, there are several
taste and feeling, to overshadow one weeping cherubim near the body of
half of the mausoleum itself, though, white marble, and in the same mas
no doubt, in the opinionof itsinfatuat- terly style ; and many figures of small
ed manufacturer, spreading a halo light er size adorn the base of the pedestal
through every corner of the edifice. It and the friezework of the canopy, all
is considered, even by well-educated equally worthy of attention and ad
Dutchmen, as an elegant emblem of miration .
that noble spirit which resisted the op- The following is a translation of the
pression of the cruel Spaniard, and inscription, the original of which is
worthy of being placed as a glory a- not without beauty of sentiment
round the head of their sainted prince. and elegance of expression :-" To
At each corner, on the opposite side, God , whose power and goodness have
there is a femalefigure of great ex- no bound ; and to the eternal me
cellence. These I believe to be em- mory of William of Nassau, Sove
blematic of Religion and Strength. reign Prince of Orange, the father of
The one stands upon a pillar of white this country, the welfare of which he
marble, on which the name of Christ preferred to his own, and to that of
is engraven in letters of gold, and his family ;-who raised and head
bears the representation of a church ed, at two different times, and chiefly
in her hand, the other holds a book . at his own expense, a powerful army,
They are probably meant to perpetuate with the approbation of the States ;
the memory of the sufferings of the who repulsed the tyranny of Spain ;
people during the times of religious who re-established theworship of true
persecution, and that happy emanci- religion, as well as the ancient laws of
862 Sketches of Foreign Scenery and Manners. [ July
the country ; -in fine, who left, at his rows of trees, and canals glittering in
death, his son Maurice, an heir to his the sun . There were farm -houses
many and royal virtues, together with with groves of chesnuts, villages with
the care of 'finally establishing that spires and poplars, and the fantastic
liberty which he had prepared . The city stretched beneath our feet ; the
confederate Belgian Provinces have whole appearing more like the gay
erected this monumen to thememory creation of some whimsical monarch
of this pious and invincible hero. than the habitations of the plodding
Philip II. KingofSpain, the terror of and phlegmatic Dutchman . After
Europe, dreaded him ;-he nevervan- gazing for some time, I became at
quished him , -he never intimidated length quite unconscious of the great
him ,-but he was base enough to use extent of the view , and could have be
the hand of an infamous and mean as- lieved that the whole visible world was
sassin to take away his life.” converted into an extensive garden ,
It is, upon the whole, a most mag- with walks, and fish - ponds, and shady
nificent production, and well worthy terraces - Chinese bridges, and basons
the inspection of every one who has for gold fish — with peacocks, painted
eyes to see, and soul to comprehend. barnacles, and Mandarins' summer
To the left of this beautiful struc- houses.
ture is the grave of Grotius, with a From this elevated situation I had a
monument, but paltry in comparison fineview of my old friends the storks,
with the former . It consists chiefly all busily employed in feeding their
of a large medallion, representing the young . I could even keep them in
head ofGrotius, in white marble, and sight during their excursions to the
a child leaning upon an urn with an neighbouring canals, in search of food
inverted torch. As the medallion is for their unfledged offspring. The
considered as very like him , he must impatience of the callow nestlings, on
have been an ugly man . This city is perceiving the approach of the assi
the place of his birth . duous parent, was extreme. They
At the other end of the church, in stretched their long necks over the
a lonely corner, lie the remains of nests from the chimney tops, the soon
Leuwenhoeck, famous for his micro- er to enjoy the wished -for morsel,and
scopical discoveries. Over his cold appeared every moment as if about to
earth a plain monument is erected by precipitate themselves into the streets
his daughter, on which there is a head below .
of the naturalist, and a simple, though En passant, I may remark, that when
beautiful, inscription in Latin. I was in Rotterdam , I questioned a Dutch
pleased by the utter stillness and se- man concerning the probable origin of
clusion of this corner of the church ; the respect and protection whichis af.
it felt like a place where the person forded to this bird ; he answered , as I
whose ashes it contained would have expected, that it was on account of
delighted to pursue his beautiful dis, their clearing the canals and marshes
coveries unmolested by the world, and of frogs andother amphibious gentry,
in death accorded well with the gentle with which they abound. I had not,
spirit of him whose life was the life of however, proceeded ten yards after
peace. Mynheer had left me, when I observed
Having seen every thing worthy of an old woman sitting under a tree ,
being seen in the body of the church, with a most excellent supply of frogs
I ascended to the top of the spire, and in a basket ready for sale ;and in fact,
an arduous ascent it was ; but the la- before I left her, a girl came up ,
bour was amply repaid by the view nothing loth ," and made a purchase,
which I enjoyed. Few sights will If, therefore, frogs are in request as
astonish a stranger more than the first an article of food , as it is known they
view from the top of a Dutch steeple. have been for centuries, no thanks are
The immense extent of the prospect, due to the storks for their efforts in
without a hill or a valley, a rock or a diminishing their numbers ; and as,
winding river, is indeed most singu- in as far as I have heard or read, there
lar. Every thing is rich and luxuri- are no noxious or poisonous animals
ant, but flat and uniform ; the land- in the country, it is probable the po
scape appeared like one prodigious pular superstition in favour of these
plain, extending on all sides as far as birds must have.originated in some
the eye could reach , with green fields, other cause. Besides, it is generally
1817.) Sketches of Foreign Scenery and Manners. 363
admitted , that still waters stagnate land, Spain, England, and Germany,
sooner when deprived of animal life was concluded .
than when teeming with aquatic my- The Hague is the court, though not
riads, so that their claims to protec- the capital of Holland. The general
tion , as purifiers of the water, are, at appearance of the people hereis less
the best, of a dubious nature. They characteristic than in the other Dutch
may, however, act as a check to the towns which I have seen . There are,
superabundant production ofsuch crea- however, many excellentand amusing
tures during the heats of summer, the figures among the fishermen and
increase of which is no doubt favour- country people. On account of its
ed by the natural moisture of the soil not being surrounded by walls like.
and climate. the other towns in Holland, and be
Having descended once more to the ing destitute of municipal rights, the
habitations of the well-fed Dutchman , Hague has been denominated a vil
I found myself in a few minutes in, lage, and in that view is probably the
another cathedral. It is named the largest in the world. It contains near
Oude Kerk (old church ), and contains ly 40,000 inhabitants, and is adorned
a fine monument to the memory of bymany fine public buildings.
the renowned Dutch Admiral, Von I was indeed much struck by the
Tromp. Its most interesting feature magnificent palaces of which this ele
is a recumbent statue of the hero him- gant city is chiefly composed. I had
self, in white marble, the head resting no where seen so manyprincely town
upon a pillow of the same material, residences in one place. Having been
which , in appearance, hasall the deli- long the seat of a rich and powerful
cacy and softness of the finest down. government, and the residence of the
Above the figure are certain allegorical Stadtholder and the Dutch noblesse,
personages, and beneath is a repre- the Hague has not the same air of trade
sentation of the battle in which he and commerce, or, excepting its hotels,
fell. He was killed in a fight against any thing connected withthe “ art
theEnglish in 1653, and is popularly of money catching.”. All is elegance,
known in Holland by the title of the and splendour, and repose. There is
“ Great father ofthe sailors.". Here a noble square or place in the centre,
the tomb of Peit- Hein, Admiral of the adorned with a large bason of water,
Indian Company, is also to be seen . in which there is a little island cover
I maynotice ,that, in many of the ed with flowering shrubs and plants,
cathedrals and churches of this coun- and inhabited byswans and other aqua
try , the French, for what reason it is tic birds, for whose convenience,and
not easy to guess, have obliterated the that of their young, there are little
inscriptionsupon a great number of stairs on the margin of the lake, and
monuments ; even those of eminent shelter for their nests upon the island.
private persons, merely distinguished, These birds are there inperfect safety,
it is said , for their virtue, or piety, or the water being very deep ; and they
learning, have been erased from the are all of course, as to health, and lus
stone. It is difficult to conceive any tre, and plumage, in the “ prime of
thingsamore wretchedly barbarous than May,” and familiar enough .
this vage “ warring with the dead .” What pleased me much , in admiring
Yet in many places you see a large the Hague, was the great number and
and stately ornamented marble pre extent of noble edifices, and these not
senting a universal blank. elbowed and shouldered by mean habi
Leaving Delft,and travellingthrough tations. In some places kingly palaces
a pleasant district, with smiling cot- are darkened by the gloom of surround
tages and lovely gardens on every side, ing hovels, and so mingled with each
I found myself at the Hague in the other, that greater magnificence and
course of an hour. Near Ryswick, in more slovenly wretchedness can hard
particular, the trees are tall and ma- ly be imagined . It is like passing
jestic, and the general scenery most from Elysium to Tartarus. But here
picturesque. Where that branch of no such objection is to be found.
the canal, which conducts to the The palace of the Stadtholder is in
Hague, leaves the great one leading a great measure surrounded by canals
direct to Leyden, the Castle of Rys- and drawbridges. It seems a large
wick is to be seen, where the treaty of building, and consists of several divi
1697 , between Louis XIV. and Hol- sions, which vary in aspect, and must
364 Sketches ofForeign Scenery and Mantiers. [ July
have been erected at different times. seeming to consider it for a moment
The principal street is the Voorhout. possible that any rational being would
It is of great length, and contains ever think of accommodating his own
many houses built in a style of sin- pleasures to those of another, or be in
gular elegance . the slightest degree guided by any
There are, however, in this town, principle or feeling but the immediate
certain attendant evils, which perhaps gratification of every momentary im
tend in a considerable degree to di- pulse of his own coarse spirit. After
minish those advantages and superiori- dinner, an interesting Prussian girl
ties which in other respects it may be came to sing some of her native airs.
said to enjoy. The canals, ' at least Her voice was musical in the extreme,
during my short stay, were greener but her " sounds of sweetest melody.”
and more stagnant than any I had yet were constantly interrupted by the
seen .
The people seem less primitive hoarse laughs of the Dutchmen , some
in their manners, and the doors and of whose remarks, I have no doubt,
windows of the inns are constantly from the merriment they excited ,
beset by crowds of officious beggars, were of a most brilliant and refined
whom it is impossible to satisfy, as nature .
one horde is no sooner dismissed than During my stay in this town, while
a fresh swarm arrives, equally rapa- sitting at the window of a front room ,
cious with the former, and rendered I was treated with a most extraordi
more clamorous by the success of their nary spectacle. A tawdry ill-dressed
predecessors. woman, of a dark complexion and
I lodged at the Twee Steden ( Two ' diminutive stature, entered the room ,
Cities ), not the best auberge I believe. and suddenly adjusting her garments,
But even here I had some difficulty not in the most delicate manner, she
in obtaining access. The preference commenced upon the stone floor a long
is always given, as is natural, to any continued series of feats of activity,
overgrown Englishman who arrives certainly unparalleled by any thing i
with three or four carriages occupied had ever before witnessed ; bending her
by a colony. I happenedat this time limbs and body into every form which
to be alone and on foot, that is, from it was possible to conceive. It was a
the treckschuit ; and I am , moreover, painful sight, and is a repulsive sub
little
aand somewhat of a mean appearance.
single example of her
man , with a sallow complexion , ject ; but, as a mentio
power, I may n, that at the
Here I dined at the ordinary, and close of her performance, when a shil
was not particularly delighted with ling was thrown to her, she turned
the specimen which it exhibited of herself round, and bending fearfully
Dutch manners . The general aspect backwards, till her face touched the
of the guests was certainly by no means ground, and her forehead was within
prepossessing, though I trust, for the a few inches of her heels, she picked
sake of Dutch refinement, that the up the shilling with her mouth , and
picture which it presented was not without touching the floor with her
one which 'ought to be considered in hands, she resumed the attitude of a
the light of a characteristic representa- human being.
tion . Upon the whole, I was not much
At the public table I found assem- gratified by my visit to the Hague.
bled a motley group of different as- Without doubt there are in it many
pects and professions, and from various pleasing squares -- magnificent palaces
climes. The greater proportion, how- -handsome houses, and fine churches ;
ever, were Dutchmen, and these, but the little I saw of its men and
judging from their external charac- manners presented a coarse and unin
ters, were chiefly merchants and mer- tellectual aspect ; and, with the excep
chants' clerks - lieutenants and ensigns tion of the blue-eyed Prussian , I did
in the army - captains of trading ves- not see one personwhom I should ever
sels and gaunt attornies, - all equally desire to see again.
vociferous and ulgar in their man- The House of the Wood (Maison de
ners : every one whistling , singing, Bois), belonging to the Sovereign
laughing, and talking, and puffing Prince, and the ancient summer re
out most elaborate fumes of abomi- sidence of the Stadtholders, is placed
nable tobacco to the other side of the nearly two miles northward of the
table, as he felt inclined , without city, at the extremity of a noble forest .
2
 1817.] Defence of Dr Spurzheim . 305

The house itself has nothing remark- through an actual forest. It looks
ableabout it, and its gardens,which are like an endless arch through trees,
public, are not laid out in good taste. a boundless contiguity of shade,"
The road to it stretches through the and is perfectly straight; for in Hol
forest, the trees of which, though ex- land the line of beautyis a straight
ceedingly high, are so thickly planted line, as Euclid would define it.
and so luxuriant, that the sky is not At Scheveling there lay just beyond
once visible. The appearance, when the surge, which from the open
you enter it, is picturesque and ro- coast is very heavy here, about a
mantic ; and after you are in, you can score of stout sloops and schooners,
hardly imagine where you are, the with nets drying, and the place had
view of the city is so completely ob- much the appearance of bustling in
scured . This is a delightful walk, or dustry. Yet there, as in most of the
ride, in warm weather; for the road is Dutch towns, though I had been
of fine sand , to which the wind can taught to expect the contrary, you are
get no accessquite smooth and firm ; infested with beggars of both sexes ,
and there seems to be through it and of all ages, some of them in a
winding paths in alldirections, and no state of apparent wretchedness in the
sort of enclosure, division, or fence. article of apparel, such as I never saw
On reaching the House of the Wood, I in Scotland or any part of Britain .
was informed that the princess was As many of these mendicants were
there, and that I could not gain ad- young and stout, there would seem to
mittance till after five o'clock in the be some neglect somewhere, or 66 some
evening ; this arrangement not suiting thing rotten in the state” of Holland.
my convenience, I returned without Yet much allowance must be made
visiting the interior. There are in it, for these last twenty years on the
I understand, some tolerable paintings, Continent of Europe.
and a cabinet of natural curiosities. Leaving the Hague early in the
The greater part of the latter was morning,I arrived at Leydento break
moved to Paris during the French ad- fast, after a pleasant voyage, in the
ministration, and the former would treckschuit, of three hours,
have been so too had they been super X , Y. Z.
excellent. ( To be continued . )
This House of the Wood stands em
bowered amid a grove of oaks, which
are the finest in Holland. “ Trees of OBSERVATIONS ON THE REMARKS OF
A. M. ON THE DOCTRINES OF GALL
such ancient majesty towered not in
AND SPURZHEIM .
Yemen's happy groves, orcrowned the
stately brow of Lebanon ;" but it can- MR EDITOR ,
not be added , “ Fabric so vast, so I OBSERVE in your Notices to Corre
lavishly enriched , for idol or for ty- spondents, that you have rejected se
rant, never yet raised the slave raceof veral communications on the subject
men ; for the building itself is ļike of the system of Gall and Spurzheim ,
the habitation of a private person . on account of their containing person
The wood is about two miles long, and alities. I think you are perfectly cor
three - fourths of a mile broad . It is rect in doing so . Yet, sir, you have
remarkable, as being perhaps the only given a place in your FirstNumber to
production of the country which the a paper which contains what is worse
Dutch have not endeavoured to turn than personality. Personality injures
to account. On the contrary , it is the him who uses it more than him against
object of the most superstitious vene- whom it is directed, but misrepresen
ration, and nothing will induce the tation inflicts a severe injury ; and I
natives to cut it down in any part, or am persuaded that, had you been
injure it in any manner of way. aware of what I am now to point out,
About three miles from the Hague, you would not have insertedthe com
by the sea shore, there is a village call- munication of A. M. I will exhibit
ed Scheveling, which supplies the only one instance of A. M.'s want of
town with fish . The road to it is by candour, as that will be sufficient to
a magnificent avenueofmajestic oaks, enable you to judge of the degree of
limes, and beeches, which are so scien- credit which ought to be attached to
tifically planted , that the same effect is what he has written, without occupy
produced as if one was travelling ing your pages with a longer detail,
Vol. I, 3 A
360 Defence of Dr Spurzheim . [ July
which it would be very easy to draw which is of any importance to his doc
up “ This gentleman ( Dr S.)” says trines.
A. M., “ and his colleague have as- With respect to what took place
serted, that no anatomist before them- in the hospital on the occasion of
selves believed that the brain was, opening a hydrocephalic head, A. M.,
throughout, of a fibrous texture. This, while he condemns the conduct of the
therefore, they claim as a discovery dissector, would have you to believe
peculiarly their own ; and, considering that Dr Gordon had no concern in the
it of high importance, they style it, dissection. Who then was the oper
La premiere et la plus importante des ator ? Instead of the appearances
decouvertes, celle sans la quelle toutes which occurred on dissection, and
les autres seroient imparfaites. Dr which amply confirmed the assertions
Gordon proves very satisfactorily , that of Dr Spurzheim respecting the state
from the time of Malpighi in 1664, of the brain in hydrocephalus ) having
downwards, such a fibrous structure been demonstrated to the students, for
was believed to exist every where whose benefit the head was permitted
throughout the cerebral mass. To to be opened, they were allowed to de
such proofs Dr Spurzheim returns no part without either having seen the
answer .” morbid appearances, or having heard
Now, so far from its being true that them described. The contents of the
Dr S. returns no answer , the seventh head disappeared, and no one could
section of his pamphlet begins as fole procure the smallest portion for ex
lows. Dr S. attacks Dr Gordon as amination. A. M.may probably know
the author of the Critique on his work who carried them away, or on whose
in the Edinburgh Review ,-as the account the students at the hospital
author of a work on Anatomy, -- and were deprived of the benefit of a case,
of the Pamphlet, styling him con- interesting in proportion to the scarcity
scientious reviewer, mechanical dissec- of opportunities of examining it, and
tor, and historian . more so on account of the disputed
“ The historian ,” says Dr Spurz- point between Gordon and Spurz
heim, quotes Vieussens, Haller, heim. A. M. professes himself to be
Mayer, Reil, Portal, and Cuvier, the champion of Dr Gordon, for whom
to prove that the fibrous structure I entertain much personal regard, al
of the brain was known. The read- though I entirely disapprove of the
er would be mistaken, if he thought manner in which he has conducted
that in our works we have not quot- himself with regard to Spurzheim.
ed authors of this kind. We have A. M. would have you to believe that
mentioned the same and others, such there is no other anatomist worthy of
as Loewenhock, Stenon, Prochaska, So- credit ; but who is Barclay ? Is that
emmering, Sabatier, and others . In a name unknown to anatomists, and
a passage of our memoir, p. 248, we to the philosophic world ? It is uni
say, ' Bonnet ne trouve dans le cer- versally allowed that Lawrence and
veau qui des fibres dont chacun auroit Barclay are the first anatomists in
sa fonction particuliere.' We have Britain. Barclay acknowledges and
never thought of being the first who maintains the truth of Spurzheim's
maintain that the brain is fibrous, doctrines ; and while he continues to
though we know also that the most do so, we may surely be allowed to
erroneous opinions have been enter- doubt the infallibility of any other
tained with respect to its structure. anatomist.
Our principal ideas are, the successive I have yet anuther paragraph of
additions and the aggregations of va- A. M.'s communication to notice, be
rious parts, the two great sets of fibres, cause I consider that, at least while he
and the unfolding of the convolutions, is anonymous, any opinion of Spurz
as I propose to detail in the sequel.' heim's principles is as good and trust
This is quite sufficient to invalidate worthy as that which he thus ex
the testimony of A.M., who has acted presses :
as all Dr Spurzheim's enemies do. “ Never was there a more evident at
Whoeverchooses to read the Edinburgh tempt to evade the overwhelming force
Review, Dr Gordon's Anatomy, and of unwelcome facts, than has been
hisexamination of Spurzheim's claims, made by Dr Spurzheim on this exami
will find, on perusing Spurzheim's re- nation. Insteadof meeting fairly and
ply, that he is not silent on any topic decisively the objections so strongly
 1817. ) Aristus and Deinus. 367
urged against him ; instead of a clear STORY OF ARISTUS AND DEINUS .

refutation, or a manly confession of

mistake and error,—there is little else IN this lower world there are two
in this pamphlet but a most general hostile energies constantly at work,
and unconnected repetition of his for- plotting and countermining each other,
mer (why former ?) theories and as- known among philosophers by the
sertions. - We see in itonly the signs names of theGood and the Evil Prin
of an imbecile irritability, evidently ciples. Previous to the fall of Adam ,
most modern histori
sensible to reproach ;-conscious that according to the former
it is but too well founded , --but un- cal divines, the was uniformly
willing to confess its justice, and un- uppermost ; but in the memory of
able to avoid its sting.” man, when the dispute has proceeded
Now, Mr Editor, I maintain , con- on any thing like equal terms, the lat
trary to this very arrogant assertion, that ter hasnow and then got the ascend
there never appeared amore complete ency. You may, by an easy effort of
triumph of truth over injustice - over abstraction, divide the body politic into
the most illiberal, unfair, unphiloso- two halves, and by comparing the sec
phical modes of attack, than is con- tions, satisfy yourselves in regard to
tained in Dr Spurzheim's pamphlet. the present state of the controversy ;
A. M. will find himself mistaken in meanwhile I shall tell my other readers
supposing that Spurzheim's doctrine a short story
has “ lived its little hour.” If it dies, Under the reign of Abdalonimus ,
itwill not probably fall by his hand , on whom Alexander had be wed the
whose head, I ampersuaded , would , government of Sidon, flourished two
if exhibited , confirm its existence. young noblemen of the highest rank
The method which I took to satisfy and expectations. Having gone through
myself whether Spurzheim was worth the same course of studies together at
attending to (for I had at first very Athens, an intimacy subsisted between
great doubts of the doctrine being them , as cordial as a radical difference
any thing but quackery ) was to ex- of character, discernible from their ear
amine my own cranium . I am not liest years, admitted of. Open , cour
ashamed to confess to those who teous, and brave, Aristus had employed
know me, that some evil propensi- talents of the first order to the best
, enriching his mind with
ties annoy me ; and having found that purposesand
there appeared more brain in thos usef
e ul polit know
e ledge. He
places which Spurzheim pointed out studied himself , however, more than
in his lecture, as belonging to these the world , and fashioned his principles
propensities, than in corresponding rather on the abstract excellence of
places of heads of persons who , i virtue, than after the practice of the
knew , had them not in so great a de- times. But of the latter he was by
gree, I determined to listen with at- no means ignorant. He saw and con
tention, and to read Spurzhei work fessed the necessity of reserve and
without prejudice. I wouldm'sadvise secret management in conducting hu
A. M. to follow the same course, for it man affairs, and was not unprepared
is by observation alone that the doctrine to yield , as far as honour and good
can be confirmed or destroyed . But to faith would permit, to the incurable
be able to observe well requires much errors of society. Deinus, with an
practice ; and it is also necessary to understanding equally strong, had pre
observe the conditions which are re- pared himself for the stations he was
quisite for the action of any organ , as likely to fill in a manner somewhat
they are laid down by Spurzheim . different. Sagacious, observant, and
The doctrine may be confirmed with selfish , he investigated the dispositions
out any appeal to anatomy, but it is of men with the eye of an artist, and
probable that anatomical observations marked their vices and virtues merely
will yet be sufficiently multiplied in as the handles by means of which he
support of it. S. R. could render them obedient to his
June 23d, 1817. designs. Impartial in his choice of
P.S. The word craniology is an in- good or bad men, the equal patron of
vention of Spurzheim's enemies. It all who could serve him effectually,
is not of the bone he treats, but of he acknowledged the distinction of
the manifestations of the mind as de- utility alone. A true politician , he
pendent on organization . Phrenology neither loved nor hated. Avarice and
would be a more appropriate word. ambition being his sole passions, his
 368 Aristus and Deinus. [ July
actions were generous or detestable, as and to come. An imperious summons
circumstances affected their gratifica- was instantly despatched, commanding
tion . Among their academical friends, him to appear atBabylon on a certain
Aristus wasuniversally beloved and day, either in person or by deputy, to
cherished, while his countryman en- state his defences; a hint being sub
joyed a certain undefined respect and joined by the secretary, that if the
deference, rather bordering on suspi- latter method was adopted, Aristus,
cion than veneration . who, when in Greece, had been pre
Intheir persons the distinction was sented to Alexander, and enjoyed
equally striking. The one exhibited a much of his esteem , was the like
tail and powerful structure, exquisitely liest person to succeed . Abdaloni
proportioned, with a masculine cast mus, though conscious of innocence,
of features, softened by an expression and of the impartiality of the tri
of bewitching sweetness and candour. bunal before which he had to plead,
The other was of rather a dwarfish having once before escaped on a simi
stature. His legs, being limber and lar occasion, yet entertaining no very
short, were but indifferently fitted to magnificent ideaof his royalbrother's
a very thick trunk and deep chest. talent for deliberate investigation,
His head was a good deal larger than judged it most prudent to remain at
the proportion of his other parts war- home. He was accordingly attacked
ranted. Dark penetrating eyes moved at once by a violent fit of gout and
with inconceivable rapiditybeneath a asthma, which rendereda personal in
pair of bushy eyebrows, of a deep black terview impossible ; and preparations
colour, which, from the faculty of were ordered for the most splendid
knitting his brows, having often ap- embassy which had ever left that city,
proached each other, formed a junction The choice of an ambassador seemed
in the middle. But the equability of a matter of no difficulty. Aristus was
his temper, over which, though na- expressly pointed out, not more by
turally impetuous, he had obtained a the secretary of Alexander than by
perfect command, prevented any very the estimation and confidence of all
harsh features from predominating in good men . His friends had solicited
his countenance ; and a constant How the minister warmly in his behalf, and
of something like wit and humour, had even obtained a promise, which,
made him pass among the superficial however positive, was considered by
for an agreeablecompanion. those who knew that statesman to be
Having left the Academy, and re- not exactly equivalent to his signature ;
turned to their native city at the same and as he had experienced a formi.
time, they entered, under auspices al- dable opposition from the interestand
most equally favourable to each, on intrigues of Deinus, he continued to
the great race of public life. . At court prosecute his suit with unremitting
their interest was so strong, that when assiduity to the last moment, that no
either laid pretensions toany office or vacant time might be afforded for the
employment, every other competitor intervention of cross accidents. The
withdrew. When they happened to day was arrived on which the court
be rivals, however, it was remarked was to declare its determination , and
that Deinus was uniformly successful; Aristus waited on the minister a
a circumstance which excited some little earlier than the usual hour of
indignation in the breasts of many, audience, to assist him in making
since the recognised attributes of each up his mind. The gentleman in
seemed averse to this preference. As waiting assured him , thathis honour
his method of solicitation is never could not be seen till an hour later ,
practised in modern times, I may give being deeply busied with the most
an instance of it, to prevent its being important affairs ; but on receiving
utterly forgotten . a handsome gratuity, he seemed con
A malicious report, to the prejudice vinced that the intrusion of such a
of his Sidonian Majesty's integrity, visitor was not so unreasonable as he
having reached the court of Alexan- at first supposed, and Aristus was ad
der, that ardent monarch being, at the mitted. The great man was seated
time he heard it, a little heated with before a small mirror, at which he was
wine, swore some terrible oaths about polishing his beard and eyebrows ;
cutting offhis head, and rendering him boxes of various paints, and pots of
& terror to all royal peculators present ointment, were placed before him , and
1817.] Aristus and Deinus. 369
behind his chair stood a tall strapping the other, but not sooner. " I be
damsel, who scratched his bald head lieve that will do,” said the minister,
with a comb, and who stared at the for when certain characters understand
bold mortal, as he approached, with each other, a bargain of onekind is as
an impudent face of curiosity. Aris- soon struck as another. " Come to
tus deposited on the table before him a court in the afternoon .” Deinus obey
little casket of gold curiously wrought, ed, and the whole matter was speedily
and filled with precious stones, and adjusted .
was proceeding to make a speech , when « 'Tis what I deeply merited ,” said
he was interrupted with , “ Yes, yes, Aristus to a friend who condoled with
sir, upon my honour you shall have him on his ill success, "and may I reap
it - your credentials are already made eternal disappointments when I listen
out, and shall be delivered to you this to any suggestions unsanctioned by the
afternoon . Bring us back good news . voice of honour and virtue . ”
So saying, he arose, with a paint brush There resided at that time in Sidon ,
in one hand, and a sponge stained with a young lady of singular attractions.
the purple juice of the murex in the She was reputed the richest heiress in
other , and conducted the favoured that part of the world, and being lately
candidate to the door, bowing at every deciared marriageable, was, of course,
step, and repeating, “ Yes sir , yes pursued in all public places by an
sir," till he was out of hearing . Aris- ocean of fops and fortune-hunters.
tus departed not quite so happy as his Her mother having died a fewmonths
patron . In truth , he was confounded after her birth , and her father and
at the meanness he had been guilty of, brothers having fallen before the town
and internally blamed his over -zealous surrendered to the Greeks, she grew
friends who had pushed him to this up under the protection ofan aunt,who
extremity . Their arguments, how- possessed the advantage of being able
ever , respecting the king's safety and to enforce , by her own example, her
the general good, recurred . « "Tis lectures on severe virtue, and contempt
what all men do," said he, “ and be- for the other sex. Aristus visiting one
ing brought to a level by bribes, our afternoon at the house of an elderly
merits determine the balance after all .” female relation , with whom he was a
With this opiate he quieted his scru- great favourite, was informed that she
ples, and went home to prepare for his would have the pleasure of introduce
expedition . ing him to the orphan daughter of a
Deinus, in the mean time, though very deserving man, who, having spent
less known as a candidate, was not the whole of his life in promoting the
less active. Foreseeing the wealth and best interests of the state, had in con
importance a dexterous man might sequence left his family in very nar
66
squeeze outof such an appointment, he row circumstances. con
Helen ,'
had set hisheart upon it from the first, tinued she, " has retired wholly from
and had from time to timemade con- the gay world, and disdaining little
siderable presents both to the mistress delicacies, lives happily with her aged
and the minister, obtaining in return mother and two younger sisters, all of
considerable promises. But the game, whom she supports by weaving purple;
to use a huntsman's phrase, was still and you, my friend, will have the sa
on its feet, and he resolved on this tisfaction of seeing an accomplished
very morning to give it the finishing young female, clothed in the works of
blow. He arrived a few minutes after her own hands.” This description ex
Aristus had withdrawn, and forced cited something stronger than mere
admittance by the same means ; but curiosity in the auditor, and his heart
though he urged his claims with unu- leapt quicker than was to be account
sual earnestness, he could extract no- ed for by the approach of an indiffer
thing except general and evasive an- ent stranger, when the door opened ,
swers from the cautious statesman. and the most splendid phenomenon
“ I shall see ! I shall see ! my whole he had ever beheld walked lightly
influence shall be exerted in your fa- into the room. A mantle of bright
vour. Believe me ! believe me !” Dei- Tyrian dye hung loosely from her
nus thought reserve unnecessary , and shoulders, half shrouding a bosom of
mentioned plainly an enormous sum exquisite delicacy, beneath which it
which he would hold out in one hand, was fastened bya gold button. Her
while he received his appointment with hair, which seemed to float at every
370 Aristus and Deinus. [ July
motion, descended in profuse soft manners with a familiar simplicity ,
ringlets from her head, without con- the great charm , and almost insepar
cealing a round slender neck, whiter able companion of superior minds.
than alabaster . On our young gen- Lalista, though gay and talkative in
tleman's name being mentioned , she public, possessed more valuable qua
turned towards him a countenance so lities than a first-sight judge would
majestic, illuminated with a smile so have been inclined to allow . Pre
divinely beautiful , as actually deprived paration for uninterrupted exhibitions,
him for some moments of his under- which great beauty seems to entail on
standing. The conversation was nei- its possessors, left no time for reflec
ther slow in its commencement nor tion, and concealed her true character
progress ; but Aristus was incapable from herself, while her conversation ,
of throwing in a single remark, all his extempore in the strictest sense, and
faculties having retired to his eyes. not unfrequently at variance with the
His assistance was not wanted. The cool dictates of a judgment naturally
fair enchantress set out with an ani- sound, and a very affectionate bosom ,
mated encomium on the young Greek rendered it as great a mystery to others.
officers, who had done prodigious things The more he discovered of his mistress,
during the siege,-an event which, the more was Aristus satisfied with the
though several years old , was still re- reasonableness of his passion, which
garded as very respectable news in the he found it impossible any longer tɔ
absence ofmore recent calamities. She conceal ; and he delighted himself
enlarged on the superiority of their with the idea of snatching her from
manners, courage, and accoutrements, the dissipating whirlpool of fashion
to those of her own countrymen , and able life , where the fruit of all her
declared herself immensely in love virtues was perishing, from the im
with Alexander , whom she described possibility of their acting for a suffi
as the most engaging little man she cient length of time in one direction ,
had ever seen in her life. The other and of maturing the noble principles
lady, though, as I said, an elderly of her nature in the bosom of com
matron, could, notwithstanding, talk parative retirement. One day, when
as fast as other people, but as both her looks were even more complacent
addressed themselves to Aristus, and than usual, and some indistinct sus
often at the same time, she did not picion of a certain rival had made him
receive all that preference of attention resolve to hasten an explanation, he
her superior years and wisdom seemed ventured to declare his love in the
to require. precise language used by ardent young
“What a charming lady," exclaimed men on such occasions. Though his
Aristus, as the lovely visitor retired . eyes had expressed the same thing a
Ah,” replied his friend, “ had my thousand times, and she had long won
sweet little Helen come, you would dered at the slow progress his ideas
have seen more beauty, and heard less made towards his tongue, Lalista con
noise .”-_ " Who is this, then ? ” for he trived to listen to this avowal as a
had all this while supposed the inter- young fawn does toAt anfirstunexpec ted
esting orphan was before him .— “ Her clap of thunder . she was
nameis Lalista ,-she is the wealthiest thrown into the most amazing confu
ward in Sidon . ” Though somewhat a- sion, and frowned with fascinating
bashed at this discovery, and chagrined sweetness on the object of her terror.
at the sinister interpretation the conduct By and by she begins to think mea
he had already determined to pursue sures necessary for her safety ,-- spoke
might be subjected to, he wenthome, seriously of withdrawing, or of calling
however, devising schemes to bring in some third person toturn the con
about a second interview . The wards versation on less alarming topics, -- and
of those times were rather more strictly concluded by permitting him to fold
guarded than those of our days. But, her in his arms, and impress his very
by securing the confidence of the aunt, soul on her lips.
he soon succeeded in enjoying large But this state of matters was too
opportunities of access to the precious delicious to continue ; for as those
jewel she had in her possession. Aris- persons who are acquainted with the
tus was a man of fortune, talent, and extravagant temper of fortune know
fine accomplishments ; and the per- assuredly , when that goddess puts on
fect integrity of his heart imbued his too smiling an aspect, and prates in
1817.) Aristus and Dcinus. 371

terms of remarkable tenderness and flowed, was in perpetual danger of

affection , that she is just on the point being so, an eventwhich would utterly
of sousing you in a torrent of abuse. deface it, as it was surrounded on all
Scarcely had they exchanged vows to sides but one by cross-grained neigh
love each other for an incredible length bours, who, envying her beauty and
of time, when a random visitor was accomplishments , would not permit
announced, on whose approach , al- an outlet to be formed for the water
most at the same instant with his pro- through their possessions. Leaving
locutor, the lady seemed confused in her to perplex herself a few days with
good earnest, and hastily retired.- this dilemma, he returned with the
This was no other than Deinus, of plan of a monstrous drain he had for
whose proceedings I must now take a merly projected through his own
short review. grounds to the verge of hers, which ,
Deinus had accomplished the pure being carried a little farther, would
poses of his embassy with a success entirely obviate the dreaded calamity.
that never failed him, and on his re- The lady was hugely pleased with the
turn, proceeded in the road of prefer- ingenuity of this expedient, and the
ment with augmented celerity. Hav- lover, pushing his advantage, explained
ing gone, on the death of his father, the propriety of uniting the estates
to look after his estates in the coun- for ever, hinting intelligibly enough
try, he discovered a very handsome at the means by which it mightbe ac
domain contiguous to one of his, for complished. After a laborious fit of
which he accordingly conceived an laughter, upon mature reflection, she
unfeigned attachment ; and no sooner could not certainly discover wherein
understood that it appertained to a lay the absurdity of this proposal ; and
young heiress of unbounded expecta- though at that time she loved Aristus
tions besides, than he hastened back to with all her strength , she found that
town to secure his prize. His first re- somethingor other had made a power
ception would not have been very pa- ful diversion in favour of his rival.
latable to the primitive and harmless Matters were in this doubtful state
lovers met with in modern novels. when the events above mentioned took
The lady laughed immoderately at his place ; and having enlightened the
bandy legs, censuredthe wholeplan of reader on this point, I return to the
his construction , and made all her ac- main body of the narrative.
quaintance merry with stories of her The two friends saluted very civilly,
amorous dwarf. But Deinus was not and as they had ever done, with a
a person to allow his centre to be hearty contempt for each other. Aris
shaken by a battery of this sort. He tus was too full of ecstacy to converse
knew that deformity needs only to be long with an uninspired person, and
made familiar to be forgotten ; and Deinus too glad of his absence to be
that the supposed generosity of this very eager to detain him. What he
act renders the mind so well satisfied had already learned made him trem
with itself, that a portion of its com- ble for his success, and he began to
placency reverts, by a kind of natural curse the unwarrantable tardiness of
justice , to the object of what now ap- his former operations. Lalista return
pears unreasonable contempt. He pre- ed , however, but with a countenance
sented himself, therefore , before her which boded him no good. Con
as often as he could invent a tenable tempt , anger, and disdain , were ex
pretext, continuing to supply her, at pressed inevery feature. Indeed she
à trifling expense to his own pride, seemed horribly chagrined, and ready
with fresh materials for family and to burst into a passion of tears. She
visiting amusement, till the idea of evidently came to chide, and if once
him was familiarized , and constituted high words arose, it was hard to guess
a part of the furniture of her mind. how far she might inflame herself.
This point being gained , he seized a Deinus, therefore, with the dexterity
more advanced post, and proceeded to of a cunning man on the point of being
instruct her regarding the management blown up, drew from his pocket a
of her domain, on the sorry state of string of pearls, reserved for such an
which he descanted with great feeling emergency, so large, so genuine, and
and pathos. A considerable portion so numerous, that her eyes were in
of it, he said , if not absolutely over- stantly dazzled, and before she could
 372 Researches at Pompeii. [ July
utter one word good or bad, he hung in particular, of the progress that has
them round her neck ; saying, with a been already made in the exhumation
smile, he had obtained many morefor of a city, that, after having been bu
her of superior value at the court of ried for so many centuries, has arisen
Alexander, which he hoped soon to unchanged from the ashes that origin
have the happiness of presenting to ally overwhelmed it.
her on their wedding -day. No sooner As a testimony of the general inter
was the weight of them felt on her est excited by the grand survey now
bosom , than thewhole economy of her pursuing for the restoration of this
love for Aristus was annihilated, and place to its primitive state of existence,
the half -forgotten plan of improve- and of the instructive results that may
ments rushed back on her imagination be expected from its accomplishment,
with tenfold impetuosity. It would as conducive to the illucidation of an
only insult the penetration of man- cient customs and habits of society, I
kind to suppose it necessary to add, beg to cite a passage from a highly
that they were married next day, and interesting memoir on the subject,
that a few weeks thereafter, the lady commenced ( though I believe never
commenced a fiend's life of remorse completed ) in a very ably conducted
and melancholy. Italian journal. “ Una città che da
Aristus bore this reverse with less circa diciassette secoli nascosta sorge
patience than might have been ima- intera sotto i facili sforzi della vanga;
gined. He eat little for several days, che tali offre monumenti da non las
and spoke still less. At length he ciare alcun dubbio, nè sull'epoca in
declared himself a manunfit for this cui fù da vulcanica eruzione sepolta,
world, and retired from his native city nè sul grado alto di splendore à cui
to spend the remainder of his life in ` era a quell'epoca giunta, è certamen
the philosophic groves of the Academy. te un oggetto straordinario di stupore,
Here his mind soonrecovered its nat- riserbuto soltanto alle classiche sponde
ural serenity, retaining few visible dell'antica Partenope. In Ercolano
marks of the rude points of society by e Pompei veggonsi due intere città
which it had been lacerated, though fuggite dalle revoluzioni degli anni e
he sometimes remarked, that a man degli uomini, e rimeste tutte ad un
should conceal all his good qualities tratto, come per una specie di magico
from his mistress , observing , at the sonno, nello stato medesimo in cui
same time, that her own equivocal furono sorprese, in mezzo a tutti i mo
ones afford the best handles for secur- ti della vita ; l'ultimo giorno di queste
ing her. F. città infelici, ci si presenta di nuovo , e
quale già fu per gli sventurati loro a
bitanti. Non avvi spettacolo più di
ON THE RESEARCHES AT POMPEII.
questo atto a eccitare con forza l'im
maginazione, e senza dubbio, le ri
MR EDITOR , cerche che hanno per oggetto di farci
conoscere dei dettagli a ciò apparte
I OBSERVED, with much satisfaction, nenti saranno accolte con il più vero
in the “ Literary and Scientific Intel- interesse.” *
ligence ” of your Second Number, p. The valuable report from which
192, some account of the researches this extract is drawn, contains some
now making among the ruins of hints towards forming an estimate of
Pompeii. Regarding this as one of the probable extent and disposition of
the most interesting scientific prom this city, calculated from the dimen
ceedings of the present age, I cannot sions of its existing walls and situa
avoid expressing my hopes, that you tion of its gates, with various particu
will devote future columns of your lars relative to the edifices and other
journal to similar accounts of the pro- relics remaining, as far as yet discov
gress of this vast undertaking; and ered, in a great degree, in their ori
I am hence encouraged to suggest, ginal magnificence and grandeur.
how greatly it would tend to enliven SIMPLEX.
the interest of such notices, if you May 11, 1817.
were to give a preparatory general
sketch of the history of these extraor
inary relics of former splendour, and, * V. L'Italico , tom . 3tio, p . 60.
1
 373
1817. ] Memorandums of a View - Hunter.
HEMORANDUMS OF A VIEW- HUNTER . Hangs one that gathers samphire; dreadful
trade !
No II. Methinks he seems no bigger than his head .
The fishermen , that walk upon the beach,
Appear like mice ; and yon tall anchoring
Shakespeare's Cliff bark

SALLIED forth at seven in the morn

Diminish'd to her cock ; her cock , a buoy,
Almost too small for sight. The murmur
ing, without giving any warning to my ing surge,
indolent companions, who seemed to That on theunnumbered idle pebbleschafes,
feel none of the inspiration of the view- Cannot be heard so high. I'll look no more,
hunting power. Lest my brain turn , and the deficient sight
After looking round the harbour, Topple down headlong .'
part of which they were busy in re I was informed , that there is still
pairing, pushed on towards Shake one man who occasionally follows the
speare's Cliff. Found the people of all “ dreadful trade” of gathering sam
classes frank, civil, and willing to give phire by means of a ladder and a rope.
information . I attributed this partly Having now done as much as a
to their incomes depending much on view -hunter could with safety, I was
strangers, and partly to the manners satisfied. As a token of my success,
on the other side. I had not yet been and to amuse my companions, I carried
across. Passed the fortifications, which off the flower of a very large thistle
are extensive and strong ; but they that was flourishing on the highest
have lost much of their interest, as part of the Cliff, and seemed proud of
they now seem useless. Under the the place where it grew .
alarm of invasion , their importance
would even have added to their pic A Breakfast.
turesqueness. Called at the hotel. The mistress
The highest part of the Cliff, which said I had time to go up to the Castle.
has been named after a dramatist, the I took the hint. Peeped into some of
first of modern , and superior to any of the vaults or excavations in the chalk ,
theancienttimes,
think, must be,feet
four or five hundred I should
above whichare deep and
for storehouses and cellars.
high, andPassed
serve
the beach. The sea view from hence the bathing -ground . About half a
is truly magnificent. The morning dozen of machines. The descent from
was clear and calm , and the silver sea the shingle is very steep . The ma
almost as motionless as a lake. Seve- chines are let down by a rope from a
ral vessels were passing lazily along windlass. Ascended the Castlehill.
both ways. The coast ofFrance seem- The road winds round, and up the
ed not much farther off than that of hill, in a very pleasing style. As I
Fife from Musselburgh, but none of was going to enter through a gate ,
the objects on it distinct. Examined about 100 feet lower than the base of
this view in all its bearings for some the wall, where there is a battery, a
time ; and as I looked along the sub- little old man came up to me, and told
lime winding wall of chalky cliffs, me there was no thoroughfare there ;
stretching to the west, which forms but that he was one of the under war
part of the southern boundary of the dens, and he would shew me the
island , I felt emotions which , I trust, whole. I should have been happier to
are natural to the British heart. have followed him as a guide than he
After making some prudent slow ad- to have conducted me ; but I thought
vances, I brought my head to bear Ihad not time ; and after wavering un
looking down this dizzy height for a pleasantly for aminute or two, I forced
minute. On retiring a few steps to a myself to plead an excuse for the pre
safer station, I thought of the minute sent. He saw my anxiety to enter
description of this Cliff given by our with him, and pressed me the more.
dramatist, and which has been the It would only take a quarter of an
cause of its being honoured with his hour. I could not spare even that.
yance
name . To my great anno , for I had a
“ How fearful strong desire to comply with his wishes ,
The
And crows
dizzy and to casthsone's
'tis, choug , thatwing
eyes sothemid-
low ! this little old under warden followed
me with the perseverance of a French
way air ,
Show scarce so gross as beetles . Halfway begga r.
Distanced him in the ascent. My
down
3 B
VOL . I.
374 Memorandums of a View -Hunter . [ July
time was waning fast. Posted up the kept at a prudent distance, and then
hill. Passed the turnpike gate to get retreated. Met the waiter bringing
a view of the contour of the eastern the hot rolls for my breakfast,as I ad
side of the castle. It is a very exten- vanced to the bar to pay my bill. Had
sive old building. The view to the barely time to listen to the civil folk
west quite Scottish . The Priory in of the Paris, who hoped I had found
the bottom seemsto be of considerable myself so comfortable as to recommend
extent, of the old buttress kind of their house; but their civil tone some
architecture. The dell, looking back what cooled my fervour, and made me
into the country, strongly resemblesa give them a kind answer. Unfortu
Scottish glen. Descended, but could nately, at this moment, a lad came for
not possibly resist running up and the rest of my things. The fervour
passing through the northern gate. returned with this second alarm . I
The walls of vast thickness. Thehol- posted on to the custom -house, re
low just by, which I took at firstfor solved to take a boat to pursue the
the gate, is formed by a buildingjut- packet, and there I found all things as
ting over. In the inner part of the cool and deliberate as any person could
gate -arch found a centinel'sroom . An wish . I learned the vessel would be
old invalid civilly asked me if I wished ready to sail in an hour or two. The
to see the castle, and said there was a mate advised me to send back the boy
gentleman waiting to go round. I with my things to the inn, till he
excused myself again . He was not should tell me when it would be ne
half so pressing as the little old under cessary to send them to the packet.
warden . Took a peep of the square Such was the close of this false a .
between the ramparts and the castle, larm . I now, however, felt relieved .
and then descended as rapidly as í The only thing I regretted, was losing
could. Some small bells ringing at the comforts which I had anticipated
the side of the road attracted my no- from my breakfast, after my long and
tice. I perceived they were rung all varied morning's hunting on Shake
the wayfrom the debtor's window . I speare's Cliff, and round Dover Castle.
attended to the charitable sound. The They are not very particular in ex
little old under warden made his ap- amining the luggage in leaving Dover,
pearance again, but I was out of his as, of course, they don't care how
sight instantly. many contraband articles are carried
Reached the hotel a little past nine. to France, with the exception of gold ;
Found my companions, who had and that at present, from its low price,
breakfasted, sallying forth. They al- and the demand for French gold, was
armed me with the information that a matter of very little concern ; and
the packet was on the very point of when people reach good sense on the
sailing. At the same time the mate, subject of metal money, itwill be of
attending to get my luggage, confirm- no concern whatever. Walked to the
ed my alarm . To lose aday, and such quay, and saw three horses, with a
a day for crossing! The thought was carriage, and one or two gigs, slung
not to be borne . Pressed the waiter into our packet. The current ofemi
and the rest in grand style. A city gration seems to be still decidedly
Smart of the first order, too late in stronger towards the Continent. Saw
setting out for a review, or to see some a packet come in from Calais. Had
other spectacle, could scarcely have only about twenty passengers aboard.
done it in a grander. And a dragoon, One of the packets that sailed a few
when the enemy isapproaching, might days before for Calais carried over
swallow his breakfast more complete- nearly a hundred. The two currents
ly, but he could not more rapidly, will be more equal by -and -by.
than I swallowed mine. While I
poured out one cup the waiter poured Passage to Calais.
another. The first was hot water After waiting for about two hours,
scarcely discoloured , the second was we were summoned aboard . The
without sugar, and the third without people kept crowding to the last, as
both sugar and milk. Moses, the only one vessel was to sail this tide.
money -changer, who had attended this Got under weigh at length. The day
morning again , with the hope of in- was remarkably fine, and the wind,
ducing me to take gold for my paper, what there was of it, being westerly ,
seeing me in such a furor of hurry, was fair . Though the breeze was
 1817.) Memorandums of a View -Hunter. 375

slight, with the assistance of the tide young female islanderson board. They
we got on at the rate of three knots evidently suffered from they
an hour.
this exhibit
scourge
of travellers by sea, but
Not many ships in sight, but I per- ed theirsufferings as elegantly as pose
ceived one that looked very large com- sible. It is dangerous, however, for a
ing upthe Channel. I asked the cap- view -hunter to meddlewith this species
tain if he thought it a ship of war. of the picturesque, and though he can
He said , -Oh ! not very large. It may not entirely escape seeing, he can be
be a West Indiaman . " As we neared prudent and say nothing. One acci
each other its size became more con- dent, for the advantage of future beaux,
spicuous, and the captain said it might may be recorded.
be a frigate . It was so evidently com- A beau about sixteen , who was
ing across our way, that I feared, from bound with his father and sisters from
the slightness of the breeze , we might Dover, on a trip of pleasure to Calais,
get foul of each other. The steers- was very qualmish. He lay with his
man had no such fear, She
for was
he kept
now
head upon the edge of the gunwale.
steadily on his course . This appeared to me, as well as to
seen to be a two- decker. Counted, I his father, to place his hat in rather a
think, fifteen guns on her lower deck . dangerous predicament. His father
The captain then pronounced her to spoke to him about it, but he was so
be a 74, which was most probably qualmish that hedid not attend to the
working her way to Sheerness to be advice. At length , from some motion
paid off. in the vessel, over went his hat. He
She passed a -head of us, within a- contrived to raise himself, and called
bout 100 yards. Every particle of sail out to stop the vessel. This produced
was set, and she presented a spectacle a laugh. Our young beau looked after
equally beautiful and grand. I had his chapeau (which had lately cost
often wished to see a line of battle twenty-five shillings), as it tilted over
shipin full array, andnow I was gra- the waves, with a mixture of vexation
tified to the utmost of my wish. As and sickness ; a kind of indolent re
a painter.
she passed we took off our hats and gret. It was a study formost
huzxaed. We saw the officers and There was a smile on other
men very distinctly. When she had countenances. He at length twisted
advanced about 3 or 400 yards I bis handkerchief round his head, and
heard the boatswain's whistle, and saw laid the said head down exactly where
the men on the round top in motion. it was before. A memento to careless
In a few seconds she was about on her ness, as his father justly said, and a
tack. This gaveme two or three new punishment for obstinacy in not tak
views of a 74 under sail. Every view ing prudent advice. The whole form
was beautiful, grand, and picturesque. ed a fine subject for that unrivalled
Not an eye upon our deck but was painter after nature, Wilkie.
turned towardsher, though few of theAtlength obtained a glimpse of the
spectators seemed to share fully in my steeple at Calais right a-head. The
enthusiasm . The beauty of the day, country to the west is hilly and green,
and the calmness, added to the agree- but naked, being without wood and
ableness of the sight. I said instinct- apparently houses. The atmosphere
ively, I am satisfied . I have sometimes over Calais was charged with black
thought, that I am rather lucky as a watery - looking clouds, which shed an
view -hunter. unpleasing gloom over the landscape,
A breeze sprung up. Got on about while, on turning our eyes back to
six knots an hour. The white cliffs of Dover, we saw the sky clear and the
Albion began now visibly to recede, sun shining brightly. The British
and those of France as visibly to ap- landscape thus assumed a more vivid
proach. The latter also are white and appearance of gaiety from the dark
chalky along the coast towards Bou- scowling scene before us. This was
logne, but not so high . We had some so contrary to all the fancies we have
sickness, and theunpleasing symptoms had sported about the skies and climate
of it ; but, from the wind being fair of the two countries, that I began to
as well as gentle, the exhibitions of query, whether I should not find a
the packet-picturesque were, I believe, good deal of the common ideas , as
much below par either for variety or im- usual, drawn more from imagination
pressiveness . We had several very fine or prejudice than from facts.
376 Memorandums of a View -Hunter. [ July
The tide failed us, and we were ob- their sail and taken their places, were
liged to come to anchor about halfa quiet and civil. They did not seem
mile to the east of the mole. We to be too fond of working ; and the
made our passage in about four hours. tide ebbing strongly down the inside
We had seen a number of boats push- of the mole, a number of men upon it
ing from the harbour, and we were took us in tow .
told it was for us they were labouring This mole is of a considerable length.
out. We soon found the information As we were drawn slowly up tothe
correct. Five or six came round the harbour, I took a comparing look
vessel. All the crews seemed as if in around me; and I confess this first
a hostile fury, and made a hideous survey did not elevate my ideas. It
noise. This being my first visit to might be mere fancy, but the gate of
France, of course I was more atten- Britain , Dover, seemed to me to indi
tive to making observations, and every cate a flourishing country, while the
thing impressed memore stronglyfrom gate ofFrance, Calais, appeared to fore
its novelty. These boatsappeared old, token a country rather in a stationary,
dirty, and uncomfortable. Nor did if not a decaying, condition.
they inspire the idea of safety at all. On touching land we were sur
The men were not more prepossessing. rounded by a host of porters, each at
They were stout, but not well-looking. tempting to carryoff part of the lug
They were all in a bustle and confu- gage. I expected never to have seen
sion , working, as it were, against each a particle of mine again. This affair
other, withoutjudgment. There seem- might easily be better managed in
ed to be no master, or rather all seem- France. The boats should all land at
ed to be masters. They were as fu- one place, and an officer acquainted
riouslybusy as angry bees ; but the with the British language,with a soldier
result did not correspondwith the ap- or two to keep the rabble of porters
pearance of labour. I did not much back till things were adjusted, and it
like trusting myself with them ; for was ascertained which articleswere, and
though there was not much wind there which were not, to be taken to the
was a little surf. searching-house. Hewould also quiet
The confusion and bustle in the the apprehensions of the passengers, by
boats seemed to have communicated informing them how they were to pro
themselves to the packet. All wanted ceed. But, as we found it,thewholewas
to get their luggage at once . There a mass of noise and confusion. Every
was nothing for someminutes but run- one was speaking, pushing, defending
ning against each otherand bawling. his luggage against the porters, and
After having sung out till I was tired , uncertain what to do. Nor did the
I at length obtained my portmanteau , gendarme, who received us on the
and got into the rickety boat with steps, show any disposition to assist us
about a dozen more. We sat down, by giving us information . He confin
pretty closely stowed, on wet seats, ed his speaking to merely asking for
with our feet on large wet stones. Af- our passports.
ter a good deal of bawling and bustle, I at length quitted the boat with
on the part of the crew , we pushed above half a dozen of porters, one car
from the ship. rying my portmanteau , one my sac de
The boatman who appeared to take nuit, -a third my great coat, and a
the lead, if there was any master or fourth my umbrella ,-while three or
servant among them , had a strongly four more followed pestering me to
marked countenance. The sentinel give them something to carry; and , as
that appears as ifhung in a chain, in I moved onward , I still kept a sharp eye
Hogarth's Gate of Calais, was a beauty upon my French baggage-bearers. Near
to him . On seeing him , I thought to the searching -house I met a British
myself, that those caricature prints of looking man, who asked mein English
the French face with us are in reality if I came from the Paris hotel at Dover.
not caricature. But I gradually changed This I afterwards found to be Mr
my opinion the more I saw of France. Maurice, the master of the hotel to
I do not recollect meeting with such which I was going. He sent off a
another countenance through the whole young man with me, and said the bag
of my tour. Though no beauty, he gage would be perfectly safe. I still,
seemed rather good natured . Indeed however, kept now and then looking
all the rest, after they had hoisted behind withsome apprehension . Had
1817.] Johnson's Scots Musical Museum . 377

I then known the French honesty in subject, were of opinion, that those
these points, I should have been quite wild, yet pathetic and melodious
at my ease. strains,—those fine breathings and
I had long neglected my French, heartfelt touches in our songs , which
and I was very rusty in it. Í resolved, true genius can alone express, were
however, to use it on every occasion . bewildered and utterly lost in a noisy
But that language sinks somany let- accompaniment of instruments. In
ters in pronunciation, while the natives their opinion, the full chords of a
speak this shortened dialect with such thorough bass ought to be used spa
rapidity, that it is extremely difficult ringly and with judgment, not to over
for a foreigner at first to follow them . power, but to support and strengthen
In vain I said doucement, doucement, the voice at proper pauses : that the
parlez doucement. They all hurried air itself should be first played over,
on as fast as ever, and I was still left by way of symphony or introduction
in the lurch . The French pronuncia- to the song ; and at the close of every
tion may be said to be a short -hand stanza, a few bars of the last part of
with respect to the spelling. the melody should be repeated, as a
I soon found the inconvenience of relief to the voice, which it gracefully
not beingable to understand them . It sets off: that the performer, however,
was in vain I contrived to ask a ques- ought to be left entirely at liberty to
tion . They seem by no means to be vary the symphonic accompaniment
a quick people in conceiving your according to his own judgment, skill,
meaning. In this point I found them fancy, and taste : that heought not to
far inferior to our own people. I did, be cramped or confined by written
however, generally succeed in making symphonies, which, although contrived
them comprehend me ; but ,from their with every possible ingenuity and art,
short-hand pronunciation, I could not become, by frequent repetition, equally
understand them . I was therefore at dull, uniform , and insipid, as if they
a great loss, and, at first, not a little were immutably fixed on a barrel or
uncomfortable . gan . In their opinion, a Scottish song
On reaching the hotel I was left to admits of no cadence or capricious
shift for myself. I found my way to descant at the close of the tune, though
the box -office, and I contrived to ascer- a fine shake, which can easily be ac
tain , that , as I 'was a passenger all quired by a little practice at an early
through, I might, if I chose, set off period, when the vocal organs are
that evening at seven . I'did choose young and flexible, forms an excellent
this, and now I became anxious to re- embellishment.
cover my passport in time. “ A Scottish song thus performed ,"
66
says Mr Tytler, is among the high
est entertainments to a musical genius.
An artist on the violin may display
JOHNSON's scoTS MUSICAL MUSEUM. the magic of his fingers, in running
from the top to the bottom of the
MR EDITOR , finger -board in various intricate ca
OBSERVING a reference to Johnson's pricios, which, at most, will only ex
Musical Museum in the “ Remarks cite surprise ; while a very middling
on the Humour of Ancient Scottish performer, of taste and feeling, in a
Songs," I beg leave tosend you a short subject that admits ofthe pathos, will
account of that valuable repository of touch the heart in itsfinest sensations.
the lyric poetry and music of Scotland. Genius and feeling, however, are not
The plan ofthe workwas originally confined to country or climate. A
suggested to MrJames Johnson ,music maid at her spinning wheel, who knew
engraver in Edinburgh, by the late not a note ofmusic, with a sweet voice
William Tytler ofWoodhouselee, Esq. and the force of a native genius, has
and the Rev. Dr Thomas Blacklock. oft drawn tears from my eyes. That
The former wrote an excellent disser- gift of Heaven , in short, isnot to be
tation on Scottish music, and the lat- defined - it can only be felt. ”
The plan of publishing our Scottish
ter was well known, and esteemed as a
most worthy man and an ingenious songs in this simple, elegant, and
poet. chaste manner, was highly approved
With regard to Scottish songs, these of by the late Mr Stephen Clarke.
gentlemen , both good judges of the This celebrated organist and musician
 378 Johnson's Scots Musical Museum . [ July
readily agreed to select, arrange, and posed a very great number himself,
harmonize the whole of the melodies ; expressly for that work, which are
a task which, from his brilliantgenius, admitted to be the finest productions
fine taste, and profound scientific of his lyric muse . Burns was quite at
knowledge, he was eminently qualified home in composing for the Museum.
to perform . Johnson , on his part, He seldom, indeed, altered one line,
undertook to engrave all the plates or even a single word, of any thing
carefully with his own hands. A that he wrote for the work, after it
work was therefore to be expected, was once committed to paper. John
which, on the one hand, would open son , though a good engraver, was,
a far more wide and extensive range happily for our bard, neither an ama
amid the flowers of Caledonian music teur nor a critic : the songs which
and poetry than had ever before been Burnswrote for this work, therefore,
attempted , and all this, too, at a were the genuine, warm , and unfet
charge so moderate as to be within tered effusions of his fertile muse. He
the reach of every lover of native also furnished many charming original
song ; whilst, on the other hand, melodies, collected by himself in va
the Museum itself, from the com- rious parts of Scotland, which , but for
bination of such talents, would in- him, would in all probability have
deed be creditable to Scotland as a been utterly lost or forgotten. Indeed,
national work : nor was this expecta- from the month of December 1786 ,
tion disappointed. Whilst the first down to the period of his death in
volume of the work was yet in pro- July 1796, Burns was almost the sole
gress, the publisher had the good for- editor of the poetical department of
tune to become acquainted with Burns, the Museum . Nor did his zeal and
who had come to Edinburgh for the wishes for its success seem to diminish,
purpose of superintending the printing even at the approach of death. In a
of a new edition of his Poems, about letter which he wrote to Johnson on
to be published in that city. Burns the 4th of July 1796, only seventeen
no sooner saw the nature and scope of days before his decease, he thus ex
the Museum, than he became its best presses himself: “ How are you, my
promoter and firmest support. He dear friend ? and how comes on your
entered at once into the views of the fifth volume ? Let me hear from you
publisher, with that disinterestedness as soon as convenient. Your work is
of friendship and ardency of zeal so a great one ; and now that it is nearly
eminently conspicuous in the character finished, I see, if we were to begin
of this great bard. In a letter to Mr again , two or three things that might
Candlish, he says, “ I am engaged in be mended ; yet I will venture to
assisting an honest Scots enthusiast prophesy, that to future ages your
(meaning Johnson), a friend of mine, publication will be the text bookand
who is an engraver, and has taken it standard of Scottish song and music.”
into his head to publish a collection of Our lamented poet lived to see the
all our songs set to music, of which first, second, third , fourth , and the
the words and music are done by greater part of the fifth volume of the
Scotsmen. This, you will easily guess, Museum finished. He had even fur
is an undertaking exactly to my taste. nished Johnson with materials almost
I have collected, begged, borrowed, sufficient to complete the sixth volume,
and stolen, all the songs I could meet which was published after the poet's
with . Pompey's Ghost, words and death.
music, I beg from you immediately, At an early period of the work,
to go into his second number : the Burns, in a letter to Johnson, com
first is already published . I shall shew municated a plan which he thought
you the first number when I seeyou would tend much to gratify the pur
in Glasgow, which will be in a fort, chasers of the Museum, and even en
night or less. Do be so kind as send hance the value of thework. “ Give, ”
me the song in a day or two : you can says he, « a copy of the Museum to
not imagine how much it will oblige my worthy friend Mr Peter Hill,
me. bookseller, to bind for me, interleaved
During the further progress of the with blank leaves, exactly as he did
NIuseum, Burns not only supplied the the Laird of Glenriddel's, that I may
publisher with various songs collected insert every anecdote I can learn, to
from his friends, but likewise com- gether with my own criticisms and
 1817.] Johnson's Scots Musical Museum . 379

remarks on the songs. A copy of this rials for assisting them to complete
kind I will leave with you, to publish their work. I have seen a consider
at some after- period, by way ofmaking able part of his manuscript, and have
the Museum a book famous to the end been permitted to take some extracts
of time, and you renowned for ever.” from it, which I now present to your
Johnson immediately sent him an readers. Scotus .
interleaved copy ; and upon mention
ing the improvement that had been “ Song 66. Guilderoy.
suggested by the bard to Dr Blacklock , “ This song is improperly titled in John.
Mr Tytler, and some other of his son's Museum . It should have been called ,
friends in Edinburgh, they unani- ' Ah, Chloris, could I now but sit,' to the
mously approved of the measure, and tune of Guilderoy. The tender and pathetic
agreed to communicate to Burns all stanzas in the Museum were composed by
the anecdotes and remarks theycould President
the RightHonourable Duncan Forbes,Lord
of the Court of Session in Scot
collect respecting the national songs of
land, about the year 1710. They were ad .
Scotland. Some progress was accord- dressed to Miss Mary Rose , the elegant and
ingly made in this new department ; accomplished daughter of Hugh Rose, Esq.
but in consequence of the death of Mr of Kilravock. To this lady, with whom he
Tytler, Dr Blacklock, Mr Masterton, had been acquainted from her infancy,he
Mr Clarke, Mr Burns, and, last of all, was afterwards united in marriage. She
of the publisher himself, it was never bore him one son, who was his heir and
brought to a conclusion. What had successor ; but Mrs Forbes did not long
been done, however, was given to the survive this event. His Lordship, however,
remained a widower from that time till his
publicin the volume entitled “- Re- decease, which happenedonthe 10thof
liques of Robert Burns,” edited by the December 1747, in the sixty-third year of
late Mr Cromek. his age. His remains were interred in the
The Museum is unquestionably by Greyfriars' church -yard.
far the most extensive and valuable “ It is not a little curious, that Ritson
collection of Scottish songs that has places the song, “ Ah, Chloris,' at thehead
ever been published. Each of the six of his collection of Englishsongs, and ob
volumes contains a hundred melodies, serves, to music.
been setthat Perhaps
he never it did
heard of its not at
having
with a still greater number of songs, that time occur to im , that a Scotchman
to which they are adapted. Besides might be able to write very good English,
those beautiful songs which appear in or that every person of musical taste , from
other collections, the Museum presents Berwick to Johnny Groat's House, could
us with many ancient Scottishballads, have set him right with regard to themusic,
proper tomake any inquiry
and a very great variety of those old, had he thought his
curious, and exceedingly humorous about itduring residence in Scotland.
songs, with their original melodies, “ With respect to the hero of the ballad
thefavourite lyrics of our early ances- properlycalled · Guilderoy,'we learn the
tors,to be found in no othermusical following particulars
other historians from was
. Guilderoy Spalding and
a notorious
publication whatever. It has for a
freebooter in the Highlands of Perthshire,
considerable time been matter of re- who, with his gang , for a considerable time
gret, that this work has long been out infested the country, committing the most
of print, and few , if any, copies have barbarous outrages on the inhabitants.
been seen in the marketfor some years Seven of these ruffians, however, were at
past. length apprehended , through the vigilance
I have, however, the pleasure of an and activity of the Stewarts of Athole, and
nouncing to your musical friends,that conducted to Edinburgh,
tried, condemned where in
, andexecuted, they were
Febru
a new and improved edition of the ar 16 . y 38 Guilderoy, seeing his accom
Museum is now in a state of forward- plíces taken and hanged, went up, and in
ness. The original plates, including the revenge burned several houses belongingto
manuscripts of the poetry and music the Stewarts in Athole. This new atrocity
of that work, have been purchased (as was the prelude to his ruin. A proclama
you perhaps may have heard) by Àrtion was issued, offering £ 1000 for his ap
Blackwood, from the heirs of Mr John- prehension . The inhabitants rose en masse,
son .
That department, which was and pursued him from place to place, till at
left unfinished, has beencommitted to length he, with five more of his associates,
was overtaken and secured. They were
the charge of a gentleman who was a next carried to Edinburgh, where, after
mutual friend of the late publisher trial and conviction, they expiated their
and the bard, and who had , during offences on the gallows in the month of
their lives, collected a variety of matea July 1638.
380 Johnson's Scots Musical Museum . [ July
“ If we may place any reliance on tradi- his first return from college, he became
tional report, it would seem that Guilderoy tutor in the family of Mr M Ghie of Airds,
belonged to the proscribed · Clan Gregor,' an amiable country gentlemen , who had
and that the ballad was composed , not long several beautiful daughters. In this ro
after his death , by a young woman of no mantic abode, so favourable to the descrip
mean talent, who unfortunately became at- tive muse , Lowe composed many little
tached to this daring robber , and had coha- pieces , of which it is to be regretted that
bited with him for some time before his few copies are now to be found , though
execution . That the ballad was well known there are songs of his composition still sung
in England in 1650, is evident from a black by the common people of the Glenkens in
letter copy of it, printed at least as early as Galloway. He also composed a pretty long
that date. There is another copy of it, pastoral, entitled , • Morning , a Poem ,'
with some slight variations, in Playford's which is still preserved in his own hand
“ Wit and Mirth ,” first edition of vol. iii. writing. He likewise attempted to write a
printed in 1702. Both these copies, how- tragedy, but no part of it is now to be
ever, though possessing several stanzas of found . About this time Mr Alexander
real poetical merit, contained many indeli- Miller, a surgeon , who had been engaged
cate luxuriances, that required the aid of to Mary, one of the young ladies of Airds,
the pruning -hook. This was performed by was unfortunately lost at sea ; an event
a lady in every respect qualified for such an which would probably have been forgotten,
undertaking, namely, Miss Halket of Pit- but for the exquisitely tender and pathetic
ferran, afterwards married to Sir Henry song of • Mary's Dream ,' which has given
Wardlaw of Pitreavie in Fifeshire, the well- to it immortality. It is presumed that our
known authoress of Hardiknute. In Lady poet was sensibly alive to the misfortunes
Wardlaw's amended copy, which did not of a young lady, whose sister had inspired
appear till after her death, some of the old him also with the tenderest passion ; but it
stanzas are retained , others retouched or was not their fate to be united .
expunged , and several from her own pen “ After finishing his studies at the Divi
are added . The ballad , in its present shape, nity Hall, and seeing no prospect of obtain
is now excellent and unexceptionable. It ing a living in his native country, Mr Lowe,
is rather long for insertion here, but it may in 1773, embarked for America . For some
be seen in the collections of Herd , Ritson , time he acted as tutor to the family of a
Gilchrist, and many others .” brother of the great Washington ; a situa
tion which supplied some hopes of advance
ment. He next opened an academy_for
“ Song 37. Mary's Dream.
the education ofyoung gentlemen , in Fre
“ This beautiful song , as well as the first dericksburgh, Virginia,which was given
set of the tune, are thecomposition of Mr up upon his takingorders in the church of
John Lowe, who was born at Kenmore in England. After this event he married a
Galloway, in the year 1750 . Hisfather Virginian lady, who unfortunatelyproved
was gardener to the Honourable Mr Gordon his ruin. She was not only regardless of
of Kenmore, son of that unfortunate noble. his happiness, but even unfaithful to his
man who paid the forfeit of his life and bed. Overwhelmed with shame, disappoint
titles for his adherence to the House of ment, and sorrow , the vigour of his consti
Stuart in 1715. Lowe was the eldest son tution was broken , and he fell into an un
of a numerous family, and received a pretty timely gravein 1798, in the forty -eighth
liberal education at the parish schoolof year of his age. His remains were interred
Kells. At the age of fourteen , he was under the shade of two palm trees near
bound apprentice to a espectable weaver Fredericksburgh , without even a stone to
of the name of Heron , father of the late write , Mary, weep no more for me.'
Robert Heron , author of the History of “ This truly elegant and popular ballad,
Scotland in six volumes, and other works. however, was originally composed by Lowe
This profession, though dictatedby thenew in the Scottish dialect, before he gave itthe
cessity of a parent, was neither congenial to polished English form . As the older ballad
the feelings nor genius of young Lowe. By may be interesting, even in its rude form ,
his own industry, however, he was after. to some readers, it is here subjoined.
wards enabled to place himself under the 1
tuition of Mr Mackay, then schoolmaster of
Carsphairn , an eminent master of the lan “ The lovely moon had climb'd the hill
guages. Lowe at this time employed his And, Where
likeeagles big of
aboon the dame,
Dee,
the looks a lovely
evenings in teaching church -music, as he Brought joy to every body's ee :
possessed a very just ear, sung well, and A' but sweet Mary, deep in sleep,
played with considerable skill upon the Her thoughtssatuly
on Sandy,
violin . These qualities, added to a happy A voicedrape on her far
ear at sea ;
temper and a tine flow of animal spirits, • Sweet Mary, weep nae mair for me !'
soon gained him many friends, through
whose assistance our poet was, in 1771 , 2
enabled to enter himself a student of divi. “ She lifted up her waukening een ,
nity in the university of Edinburgh. On To see from whence the voice inight be,
5
 1817. ) On the Use of the Common Thermometer as a Hygrometer. 381
And there she saw young Sandy stand, the very nature of the materials em
Pale, bending on her his hollow ee . ployed , such hygrometersmust be im
1
• O Mary dear, lament nae mair ! perfect, in as much as they are sub
I'm in death's thraws aneath the sea ; ject to changes, the extent of which
Thy weeping makes me sad in bliss, it is impossible exactly to appreciate.
Sae, Mary, weep nae mair for me !
3. Now , isit not very strange, that after
“ “ The wind slept when we left the bay, all the complaints that we have heard
But soon it wak’d , and rais'd the main , among meteorologists and philoso
And God , he bore us down the deep , phers in general, about the want of a
Wha strave wi' him but strave in vain . hygrometer on accurate principles,
He stretch'd his arm and took me up , they should hesitate a single moment
Though laith I was to gang but thee. about adopting one as simple and ac
I look frae heaven aboon the storm ,
Sae, Mary, weep nae mair for me ! curate as it is elegant and philoso
4 phical ? I allude to the differential
“ “ Takeaff thae bride sheets frae thy bed, thermometer of Professor Leslie, which
Which thou hast faulded down for me; the ingenious inventor has applied,
Unrobe thee of thy earthly stole among many other useful purposes, to
I'll meet, in heaven aboon , wi' thee.' that of measuring the relative dry ,
Three times the gray cock flapt his wing, ness of the atmosphere, and which
To mark the morning lift his ee , does so upon principles as fixed and
And thrice the passing spirit said , determinate as those of the common
• Sweet Mary , weep nae mair for me.' ” thermometer. For the sake of such
of your readers as may not be conver
sant with the subject, I shall give a
ON THE USE OF THE COMMON THER- short description of it nearly in the
MOMETER AS A HYGROMETER . Professor's own words : " It consists
of a thermometer tube, curved like
MR EDITOR, the letter U, with a hollow ball at each
I am happy to observe, that you in- extremity containing air, and holding
tend to devote a certain portion of an intermediate portion of sulphuric
your interesting miscellany to the sub- acid, tinged with carmine. When
ject of Meteorology, and I have no these balls are of the same tempera
doubt you can number, among your ture, the liquor will remain stationary,
readers, a great many other meteoro- but if one of the balls be warmer than
logists besides your Reporters. It is a the other, the liquor, urged by the in
subject to which, from long habit, I creased elasticity of the air, will de
feel very partial, and, with your leave, scend proportionally on that side.
I will submit a few remarks on the To measure the difference of heat
use of the hygrometer, for the con- between the two balls, the whole
sideration of such asmay be engaged interval between freezing and boil
in similar pursuits. It is not my in- ing water is divided into a thou
tention to enter into any long or mi- sand equal parts. If one of the
nute detail of the numerous instru- balls be covered with cambric or silk ,
ments that have been proposed for as- and wetted with pure water, the in
certaining the state of the atmosphere strument forms a complete hygro
with regard to moisture, or to attempt meter ; for it will mark, by the de
deciding on the comparative merits of scent of the column in the opposite
Saussure's hair, and De Luc's whale- stem , the constant diminution of tem
bone. I believe it may be safely af- perature which is caused by evapora
firmed , that a correct, at least a per- tion from that humid surface, and it
manently correct , hygrometer never must consequently express therelative
can be constructed on the principle of dryness of the ambient air." It is
any such contrivance, and for this ob- hardly necessary to observe, that hy
vious reason : However accurately the grometers constructed on this princi
instrument may be originally made, ple must always indicate the same
it no sooner begins to operate than it dryness, in the same circumstances,
begins to change, the alternate ex- and may therefore be as readily com
pansions and contractions of the sub- pared with one another as thermome
stance producing necessarily, however ters themselves. But my object is
slowly , some derangement in its na- not so much to discuss the merits of
tural texture. The contrivance itself the instrument itself, as to shew that
may be extremely ingenious, but, from the common thermometer may be use
Vol. I. 3C
382 Fragment of a Literary Romance. [ July
ed in its stead, and that though it remarks are intended to throw any
may not possess the same degree of obstacles in the way of a more ex
delicacy, it is sufficiently accurate for tended and general use of an instru
all the ordinary purposesof meteoro- ment which is likely to be of such es
logy. Let two spirit of wine ther- sential service to science, and which
mometers be chosen, as nearly of the has already done so much honour to the
same size as possible, and graduated ingenious inventor. My object is to
so as exactly to coincide at different press upon those who may not have
temperatures. Let the bulb of oné had an opportunity of making any ob
of them be covered with blue or pur- servations with the hygrometer , but
ple silk while the other remains nak. who are familiar with the use of the
ed, and let them be suspended at about thermometer, not to neglect the means
the distance of two inches from each which they possess of collecting facts
other. Let the covered bulb be then on a branch of science which is still
wetted with pure water, and the two in its infancy, and which never can
thermometers will very soon indicate a make any advancement but by the
difference of temperature, the wetted patient application of the inductive
one, from the cold produced by the philosophy. I remain, sir, yoursG.re
evaporation, sinking below the other, spectfully,
more or less, according to the rapidity K- -s, 2d July 1817.
of the evaporation ; that is, according
as the air is more or less dry. If the
thermometers begraduated accordingto FRAGMENT OF A LITERARY ROMANCE .
Fahrenheit's scale, each degree of dif
ference must be multiplied by 5 }, and “ Every scribe now falls asleep,
the product will express the degrees And in his dreams
of the Professor's hygrometer nearly ; Out-sepsone,
some Fairy straight, ten pound to
or
theifcentigradescale,
they are graduated
theaccording
degrees to
of Awake,he rubs his eyes, and prints his
Tale."
difference, multiplied by 10, will give Marston's Satires.
the hygrometric degrees exactly. From
CHAP . I.
numerous comparative observations, I
am able to say, that the average dry- It was a beautiful evening in June.
ness of a month , as indicated by the The sun had nearly sunk beneath the
thermometers, will not differ from western horizon , and was shedding a
that indicated by the hygrometer more lingering golden ray on the tops ofthe
than two hygrometric degrees, a quan- mountains. The heat of the day,
tity that may be safely overlooked in which had been excessive, was now
a series of observations which do not tempered by a gentle breeze, and I
admit of extreme accuracy: It may had retired to dose, perchance to
perhaps look like presumption, but I dream ,” in that little rustic arbour, so
cannot help observing, that the ther. romantically situated on the side of
mometers appear to me better calcu- the rivuletwhich runs past my cottage.
lated to givethe mean dryness of the Seated in my oaken chair, I had aban
air than the hygrometer itself ; as the doned my weary mind to the free cur
latter, from its extreme delicacy, is rentof its own reflections. All thoughts,
sometimes affected by a sudden gust good, bad, and indifferent, in such
of wind at the moment of observation , thick progress that one rode on the
so as to rise two or three degrees. 'other, pursued, I cannot saythe noise
There is, however, one obvious ad- less tenor of their way ; and the ima
vantage which the thermometers pos- gination , well aware that its jailer, the
sess over the hygrometer , and that is, reason, no longer mounted guard ,flew
their shewing not only the difference from itsimprisonment with the rapi
between the temperatures of the two dity of lightning, and began toplay
bulbs, which is all that the hygrome- those fantastic gambols which I am
ter shews, but also the actual temper- now about to embody into perhaps as
ature of both the wet and dry surface, fantastic a history.
a circumstance necessary to be taken in- I imagined (whether dreaming or
to the account, in estimating the abso- in a waking vision I cannot tell) that,
lute quantity of water held in solution as I listened , other sounds than the
by the atmosphere at the moment. I murmur of the rivulet arose out of
Pope it will not be supposed that these some quarter near me. It seemed a
1817. ] Fragment of a Literary Romance. 383

quiet, low , but most melodious, sym- Her figure was symmetry itself. The
phony of instruments, sounding unlike abstract idea of beauty in the brain of
those that are played on earth ; and Apelles could not have equalled it.
I could hear something like a female Had Phidias beheld it, he would have
voice. It was sweet, but inarticulate, gazed with astonishment,-and, put
and appeared at a great distance. Af- tingon his apron, proceeded to retouch
ter a short time, one of the tulips his Medicean wonder. Her hair was
which grew near my seat became un- of that golden tint which Raphael has
commonly agitated ,-its leaves quiver- given to his Galatea, It was simply
ed ,-its petals expanded ,-- and an am- shaded on her forehead ; behind, part
ber - coloured smoke, of the most deli- was confined in a net of pearl, but part
cious fragrance, diffused itself through flowed luxuriantly on her shoulders.
the arbour. These shoulders -her neck-the con
This odour for a moment overpower- tour of her arms, ếwere inimitably
ed me, and on opening my eyes I saw graceful. Her robes were of such ex
before me a most beautiful little fe- treme thinness that they seemed woven
male, I shook myself - rubbed my with the threads of light, and their
eye- lids-- and stretched out my legs colours might have been pilfered from
in my chair, but all to no purpose. the rainbow. She held a silver wand
The music continued ,-- the fragrance in her hand, and gently raising it, she
still diffused itself through the bower thus addressed me :
in which I sat, -- and the aerial being “ Be not dismayed , O mortal, and
( for I could believe her none other) listen attentively to the cause of my
still stood before me with a countenance appearance. It has long been a dis
of more than mortal sweetness. pute in your world, whether the air iş
" Herfacewasas the summer-cloud,whereon peopled with invisible beings; and
The dawning sun delights to rest his rays. such is that philosophic pride and
obstinacy which mark this age, that,
along with
* Icannot refrain from giving the stanzas theories, youyour
have other
swept monstrous
away all
to which these two lines belong.
* 非
other beings but yourselves from the
“ Her face was as the summer -cloud , whereon universe. And yet the doctrines of
The dawning sun delights to rest his rays ; those sciences which you affect to have
Compar'd with it, old Sharon's vale, o'er- improved, may have convinced yoų
grown that there exist many substances
With flauntingroses, hạd resign'd its praise. which , although endowed with de
For why ? her face with Heav'n's own finite shapes, are yet invisible, and
roses shone,
Mocking the morn , and witching men to which , although invisible, perform
gaze ; most importantpurposes in the pheno
mena of nature. So absurd is the ar
And he that gaz'd with cold unsmitten soul,
That blockhead's heart was ice thrice bak'd gument from non -appearance to non ,
beneath the pole. ” existence.” So astonished was I at
* 非*
this logical conclusion of my aerial pro
“ Beneath its shading tucker heav'd a breast, fessor , thatI again rubbed myeyes,and
Fashion'd to take with ravishment man . shook myself in my chair. In doing
kind !
so, my green velvet night-cap fell off.
For never did the flimsy Chian vest “ Qho, said I, now I have a certain
Hide such a bosom in its gauze of wind ;
Ev'n a pure angel, looking, had confest method of assuring myself, whether
A sinless transport passing o'er his mind, you, MrsSpirit, are really none other
For, in the nicest turning -loom of Jove, than an inhabitant of the upper regions,
Turn’d were those lovely hillst'inspire a (and I must do myself the justice to
holy love. say, that if all your sisterhood are as
So on she rode in virgin majesty, fairly formed , and as gloriously appar
Charming the thin dead air to kiss her lips ; elled as yourself, it would be no pro
And,withthe lightand grandeur of hereye, per place for bachelors like me), or
Shaming the proud suninto1 dim eclipse. whether the study of that mighty
The above admirable stanzas are taken magician, Ariosto, has so heated my
from ANSTER FAIR,a poem , which, in brain that I cannot now take a com
point of true poetic merit, in humorous
and also in the power of beau- noticed in the Edinburgh Review with ges
description,some
tiful and times pathetic painting, is neral approbation , but yet with no great
entitled to the highest praise. It has been discernment of its peculiar beauties .
384 Fragment ofa Literary Romance. [ July
mon nap without having some goddess be passing a cottage, out ofwhich there
or devil atmy elbow ." So I turned my came an old woman with a sickly and
night- cap inside out, and , replacing it deformed infant in her arms. Not
again on my head, resumed my for-, aware of the importance of this to
mer position . “ I thank you for your my future destiny, and ignorant that
compliment, continued the gentle ap- at that moment my stated period of
parition, but you might have spared existence had been completed , I un
yourself all this trouble, for I am about fortunately cast my eyes on this in
The
to give you a proof of our existence, far fant. laws
of our being took
superior to what is contained in the effect, and I instantly became its very
turning of your night-cap . prototype. As grew up, observing
“ But first let me inform you to the adulation which began to be paid
what circumstance you are indebted to literature ,and the unexampled cele
for my appearance . brity of a fellow of the name of Dry
“ Wespirits, you must know , for a den , I turned mygenius into that chan
certain time are endowed with those nel, and commenced author. No pre
supernatural powers with which I shall vious education was necessary. As a
afterwards make you more fully ac- spirit I had made the tour of the uni
quainted. But whenever this portion verse,* and it was to amuse my time, as
of our existence is completed, we are long as I was confined to an earthly
destined to change our shape into shape, not to gratifymy vanity, that I
whatever being we may chance first to ever thought of writing. To one who,
turn our eyes upon at the moment our like me, had held converse with supe
stated tract of years has expired. It rior beings,—who had ranged at will
signifies nothing what this being may through those innumerable worlds
be. Whether rational or irrational – that glitter in the boundless heavens,
whether an inhabitant of the earth or -and whose scenery is infinitely more
of the air,that shape we must assume, beautiful,-- and whose inhabitants far
or rather it is superinduced upon us more perfect, than here on earth , it
by a power over which we have no was no wonder that there should occur
control. In this shape we continue something like contempt for those con
upon earth for a series of years, at the sequential emmets that were swarming
expiration of which we resume our around me.+ Johnson knew nothing of
spiritual form and invisible existence. this, and has growled out against me
If it is a human being upon which we many of those high - soundingand sour
may chance, at the expiry of our hearted maxims which have imposed
spiritual life, to turn our eyes, we im- on your foolish world. It was great
mediately become mortals like your wonder, truly, that one should be ir
self, and engage in all your terrestrial ritated with the slow and awkward ser
pursuits with as much eagerness, but vice of a mortal domestic,I who had
much more ability than you in the
world are capable of exerting. This * “ When he entered into the living world ,
will in some measure account to you it seems to have happened to him as to many
for those wonderful geniuses which others, that he was less attentive to dead
sometimes appear upon your earth. masters : -he studied in the Academy of
You will recollect a little, sickly, Paracelsus, and made the universe his fa
rickety, but, as he appeared to you, vourite volume. " Johnson's Life.
most extraordinary person, who was + “ He very frequently professes con
the wonder and admiration of what tempt for the world, and represents himself
as looking on
you term your seventeenth century, indifference, asmankind sometimes
on emmetsofa with gay
hillock,below
under the name of Alexander Pope. his serious attention.” Ibid .
That was none other than myself. ++ “ He was a very troublesome inmate.
You may start and look amazed , but He brought no servant, and had so many
I swear to you, upon my spiritual wants that a numerous attendance was
word, that it is a solemn truth . I had scarcely able to supply them . Wherever
been engaged at a little aerial mas he was he left no room for another, because
he exacted the attention and employed the
querade ,where Imetwith some very activi
pleasant spirits, who made up a party
tyof the whole family. Hiserrands
were so frequent and frivolous, that the foot
of pleasure to visit your earth. We men in time avoided and neglected him ,
came of course to England. And in and the Earl of Oxforddischarged some
walking through one of its most beau- servants for the resolute refusal of his mes .
tiful counties ,our party happened to sages. The maids, when they neglected
 1817. ) Fragment ofa Literary Romance. 385

been accustomed to the unspeakable and introducing them to my fellow

quickness and inimitable grace of our spirits and invisible brethren, in my
celestial waiting women . Or that the Rape of the Lock , a very clever pro
most delicious comfits, orhigh seasoned duction certainly for a mortal, but for
earthly dainties,* (nay, even potted which, as a spirit, I take no great
lampreys dressed in a silver saucepant) merit.
shouldappear dry and tasteless to one “ All praise is foreign, but of true desert."
who had sat down to the dishes of the
sky, garnished with celestial amaranth, “ Excuse me quoting from myself.
and washed dow rith nectar .
After having completed my, stated
“ My friends in the air soon found period of existence upon earth , and
me out, and used very kindly to come resumed myærial essence, I continued
and see me when I lived' at Lord for a long time entirely occupied in the
Bolingbroke's. We had many invisi- invisible world; but at last I was seiz
ble nightly interviews in my bed- ed with an inclination to revisit your
chamber. How it would have aston- globe, and more particularly , because
ished his lordship, could his mortal I had learnt that innumerable com
eyes have witnessed these strange par- mentaries had been written on my
ties. There used to be Puck and works , —that there were disputes con
Ariel sitting chatting on each side of cerning the meaning ofsome of my
my pillow , and diverting me with all best passages,-and that I had actually
the sky- scandal they could collect, been again accused of infidelity in my
whilstPeaseblossom and Mustardseed, Essay on Man. Accordingly,leaving
with a whole coterie of other spirits of the upper regions, I landed invisible
less distinction , were assembled round in thestreets of Ed- at that time
my bed. Someother spirits ofless dis- distinguished , as I well knew , for its
tinction would be hopping about on literary and philosophic society . I
the coverlet, or playing at hide-and- walked straight to the library of the
seek in and about the bed -curtains. Faculty of Advocates, but I must own ,
But these visits had a bad effect on my that accustomed as I had long been
spirits . They talked much of the de- to the lightness and beauty of our
lightful and romantic scenery of a new aerial libraries in the upper world,and
planet which had been just discover to the gentle bibliopolists of the hea
1
ed, and of the uncommon gaiety of vens, the horrible descent to this dark
the last winter in the moon . This some region put me in mind of the
used to make me often impatient and proverbof veritas inputeo. I found
fretful; the world ascribed it to the at length an edition of my own poems,
enemies my talents had raised against and was just turning over to the dis
me, but I was only longing for ajaunt puted passages, when one of those lit
tomy own element. Still, however, tle insects, which we call bookworms,
I continued to write. Pastoral, Satire, came crawling out of my Rape of the
Criticism , Burlesque, Heroic, were all Lock,on the very page I wasconsulting.
equally familiar to me, and I conclud- It had already eat its way through the
ed my literary career by giving your Wife of Bath's Tale, and had just be
globe some little insight into the world gun to fix on ' The poor Indian , whose
of which I was an original inhabitant, untutor'd mind, when I cast my eye
on the little reptile. At that unfortu
their business, alleged that they had been nate moment it happened , unknown
employed by Mr Pope. to myself ( there are many things in
• Lord Oxford's domestic related, that, which the capacities of us spirits are
tract of exist
in the dreadful winterof forty, she was call- limited ), that my statedbeing,
ed from her bed by him four times in one ence, as an unimbodied had ex
night, to supply him with paper.". pired , and, dreadful to relate, I found
Johnson's Life. my essence, obedient to the laws of our
• " He was too indulgent to his appetite, fraternity, suddenly lessen and contract
- he loved meat highly seasonedand of intotheshape of that frightful little
strong taste, and , at the intervals of the
table ,amused himself with biscuits anddry bookworm which I had been on the
conserves. " Ibid . point of destroying.
+ “ The deathof Pope was imputed by “ My only object now ,was to provide
some of his friends to a silver saucepan , in for mypersonal safety, for it isin this
which it was his delight to heat potted lam . interval of our earthly existence that
preys. " Ibid . we are subject to all the accidents and
 386 Fragment ofa Literary Romance. [ July
calamities of your globe ; and should able retreat. I thought of stepping
we be maimed, wounded, or destroyed, into the Dilucidationes ArcangeliMer
we possess no power either of cure or cenarii, who writes so admirably on
of resuscitation. I began therefore to the subject of old men seeing with
revolve deeply into what forgotten or young men's eyes ; but I dreaded the
neglected volume I ought to insinuate interest occasioned by this amongst the
myself there, taking up my abode, so short-sighted and elderly members of
as to ensure myself a quiet and unvio- your Faculty:' I thought next of
lated retreatduring the appointed years Picus Mirandola's Treatise de Ente
of my imprisonment. The Commen- et Uno* (which certainly may be
tators on the Civil Law were the first very good entertainment to his friends
that naturally suggested themselves. the Antipodes, though dull enough
They had slept, unprofaned, in deep to you and me), but Scaliger had
and primevalsolitude since the days of told the world that hewas the phoe
my friend Cujacius (who lay near me nix of his age, the darling of the
mouldering, or rather moulding, in'a muses, the favourite of philosophy,
green and yellow melancholy'), till the encyclopædia of the sciences, and
the present hour ; and I had just de- with such a character I dared not to
termined to creep in along with the trust even to the work on Entities.
Nautæ Caupones et Stabularii,,” * in Spallanzani's Dissertation on the re
the 5th book of theDigest, when a production of the Heads of Snailswas
troop of young sparks of candidates placed next to Picus ; but the Abbé,
came into the library to consult about like one of his own snails,had risen
the subjectsfor their Theses. I knew into a second life in the Pursuits of
well the ransacking of ancient authors, Literature.
the pruning and patching of mutilat- “ At length I encountered a hugefolio
ed passages, and the severe contribu- Bible, and morally certain that there
tions that are levied in these cases on wereno Divines among your Faculty,
Oldendorpius, Ulpian, Duarenus, and I had insinuated myself into the third
the rest. Terrified that this business chapter of Genesis, when I discovered
was just commencing, and fearful of there, to myutterdismay, that it was
discovery, I bade my learned juriscon- the famous Breeches Bible,t and ima
sults adieu . gining, in my terror, that I already saw
· Dixit et tenui murmure lingua vale .'
* Picus Mirandola Princeps.— The text
“ The old Romances were my next
resource. Clelia and Cassandra held alludes to his celebrated epitaph by Hercu .
les Strozza , inthechurch of St Mark, at
out open arms to me. The Diana of Florence.
Montemayor offered me an equally “ Joannes jacet hic Mirandula - Cætera
kind reception , and I might cither norunt
have accepted this, or have retreated EtTagu set Ganges - forsan et Antipodes .”
Picus Mirandola was born at Florence
into som e of the love ly , thou gh ne
glected, cottages in the Arcadia of Sir in the year 1463, and died there at the
Philip Sydney. But I was staggered age of32.He wasmaster, we are told
here , by myacquaintance with the late by contemporary writers, of thirty differ
He published nine hun
work of thắt strange young gentleman dred philosophical positions, which hechal
of your own profession, whose taste lenged the whole world to impung, offering
and talent for the marvellous (between generously to pay the travelling expenses of
you and me, make me shrewdly sus- the impungers from distant parts. The
pect he is one of ourselves ), and whose works of this young Prince (whom not only
uncommon ingenuity has created a the venal pens of theeulogists Boisardus,
temporary reputation for these fantas- Paulus Jovius, and Angelus Politianus,
have extolled to the skies, but whom Eras
tic performances. mus,
It were in vain to enumerate allthe ed theScaliger, and Vossius, have pronounc
unrivalledphænixof all mortal per
various shifts I was reduced to before fection,) are nowutterly forgotten. Those
I could find any thing like a comfort- who are willing to ponder on the vanity of
human greatness, may find ample room for
* By this the bookworm seems certainly meditation in the different characters of
to have been no contemptible jurisconsult. Joannes Picus, as they are collected by
The Nautæ Caupones and Stabularii were Blount, in his Censura Celebriorum Auc.
liable for the safety of all goods placed torum , page 350, fol. ed .
under their charge. And aware of this re- + Nothing certainly can be more extraor
sponsibility, no doubt, he was led to creep in . dinary than that black letter mania whi sh
1817. ] Method for supplying the Poor with Soup. 387
1
Mr and his black letter dogs “ Nothing since this adventure has
at his heels, I made a rapid retreat ; occurred to disturb my retreat; I have
and, at last, thanks to the forgotten passed the years of my pilgrimage on
labours of ancient and modern geolo- earth in unbroken privacy ; and the
gists, I crept into a snug corner be- moment that the laws of our order
tween Father Kircher's Mundus Sub- have restored me to my original bright
terraneus and Dr Calcott's Theoryof ness, I have appeared before you, to
the Earth , where I have lain undis- show you , that although you have
turbed for the last twenty years. By forgotten this benevolence ofyours, I
what unlooked - for accident you came cannot rest till I have conferred on
to consult the work and disturb the you some lasting mark of my grati
venerable dust of my old friend the Je- tude .”
suit, whom I recollect wellconversing I remained so entirely overcome, so
with in one of my little Continental utterly amazed at this singular and
trips in theseventeenthcentury ,I can- learned address of the Spirit, that I
not tell. Many a good hint did I then did not open my eyes for some mo
give him for his Magia Universalis.- ments. « How can I possibly be per
Poor Kirchy ! He had always a warm suaded of the reality of all this?” I at
heart to the unknown world , and loved last exclaimed . “Stay, stay, my friend !
us spirits, and any thing mystic or on this point I am about to give you
magical, better than the fat paunches, most ample satisfaction.” She waved
and often lean pates, of his reverend her wand, and at this moment a sight
fraternity. You will perhaps recollect was presented to these eyes, so varied,
that you discovered me in the Mundus so astonishing, and so beautiful, that I
Subterraneus, to which I had retreat- sunk, overcome with the mingled feel
ed in the chapter De Fine et Scopo ings, into the very farthest corner of
Geocosmi. I dreaded instant destruc- my rustic chair.
tion . This moment was to me deci ( To be continued.)
sive of my destiny. Had you swept
me from the page, or crushed me, like
the generality of collectors, in a rage,
or carelessly closed the volume, i METHOD ADOPTED AT GENEVA FOR
should havebeen either destroyed past SUPPLYING THE POOR WITH NU
all redemption, or become a maimed, TRITIVE SOUPS FROM BONES .
disfigured, and unhappy spirit, unfit
for ever to mingle in aerial society. MR EDITOR ,
Conceive then my delight,when you I Enclose you an extract of a let
not only proceeded to no violent mea- ter which I have just received from
sures , but favoured my escape , and ap- Professor Pictet ofGeneva, relative to
peared even solicitous about my safety. the method adopted by the inhabitants
of that city for supplying the poor
has infected the higher classes of collectors Savoyards with wholesome and nu
of books, in England more particularly. tritive food. The facts contained in
The passion for collecting books, when un- this extract are of too much import
der proper modifications, and directed to ance to be withheld from the public
the higher kinds of literature and philoso- in the present season of scarcity and
phy, is of the very first utility, and is an distress. D. BREWSTER .
interesting, rational, and delightful amuse Venlaw , July 8th, 1817.
ment. But the rage for buying up all the
black letter old treatises, all the smoke.
dried , worm -eaten principes editiones ; —the Geneva, June 26, 1817.
taste which gives two thousand guineas for I proposed to set out the day after
an Ariosto or a Bocacce, which, in accu- to-morrow on an excursion to Genoa,
racy and beauty, is probably infinitely in- by the way of Turin, with the inten
ferior to the more modern editions ;-the tion of returning by Pavia, Milan ,
knowledge which leads some men to detect andthe Simplon ; but in consequence
the age of any work by the smell of the of the information which we have re
parchment or the taste of the paper ; -all ceived from M. Sismondi, respecting
which conduces them , in short, to spend the dreadful state of misery, bordering
on such trivial follies, that time, 'talents,
and industry, which mightextend the range upon famine, with which these coun
of more solid improvement, or enlarge the triesare afflicted, and the prevalence
bounds of more important knowledge, all of diseases, partly contagious, which
this is truly ridiculous. are the consequence of bad food, we
 388 Marlow's Tragical History of Dr Faustus. [ July
have deferred our journey , till the ap- boiling, convert thirty -two ounces of
proaching harvest and the ripening of waterintojelly.
the fruits shall better the condition of As there are more bones collected in
the people. the city than canbe immediately em
We ourselves have escaped from ployed, they are first steeped for twen
these dreadful evils by the prudence ty -four hours in the running water of
of the government of Geneva , and the the Rhone, and then boiled with pot
patriotism of the citizens,whoprocured ash, so as to take away all the super
such a supply of corn from Odessa, as ficial grease, without affecting the ani
not only to save ourselves from scar- mal soluble matter within. They are
city, but to enable us to assist our next dried in the open air, and may
miserable neighbours of Savoy, who, bepreserved in a dry place for an in
from the scantiness of last year's crops, definite length of time, without suf
were literally perishing by famine. In fering any change. In this way we
April last, some of the inhabitants might prepare a granary of bones, as
of Geneva proposed to open a sub- well as a granary of corn, and thus
scription for furnishing them with keep in reserve, animal as well as ve
Rumford soups, till the harvest getable food. This, in my opinion , is
should supply them with food . A one of the most generally useful dis
boiler was, for this purpose, estab- coveries that want has ever suggested.
lished beyond Mount Saleve, at the The broth made of bones is really as
expense of Mr Pointz, an English gen- good , if not better and more nutritive
tleman , and the composition and dis- than broth made of meat. Four or
tribution of the soups was directed by five hours boiling, in a covered vessel,
an excellent Genevese lady, Madame is sufficient, without any compression
Prevost, who took up lodgings at the beyond the weight of the atmosphere.
house of the curate , and still remains
there in the performance of this chari
table work . MARLOW's TRAGICAL HISTORY OF
The good example which was thus THE LIFE AND DEATH OF DOCTOR
set was rapidly followed , and no fewer FAUSTUS .
than eleven boilers have been erected
in as many parishes, within a semi- As in all probability the greater num
circle of four or five leagues radius, ber of our readers are unacquaint
furnishing 3260 soups a-day: Alled with this very singular composi
this is at our expense ; the English tion , and as, independently of its own
have furnished about one-fourth or great merits, it possesses an extraor
one-fifth of the subscription, and the dinary interest at the present time,
lowest classes of citizens have made it from the general resemblance of its
a point, and considered it an honour, subject to that of Lord Byron's last
to Necessity
contributehas
. suggested an astonish- poem , we now shall give an analysis of
it, accompanied with extracts suffi
ing resource for supplying the animal ciently copious to exhibit its peculiar
part of the soups from bones, which, spirit and character.
in ordinary cases, are thrown away. It opens, in somewhat rude imitation
Experience has shewn, that a firstboil- of the Greek Tragedy, with the Cho
ing forsome hours extractsa rich broth, rus, who gives a short sketch of the i

which turns into a mass of jelly , cov- pursuits and character of Faustus.
ered with a stratum of fat like butter.
This jelly, which can be transported , “ Till concei
swollne with cunning and a selfe
t,
supplies the boilers. A second boiling Hiswaxen wings did mount abovehis reach
ofthe same bones, after being bruised, And melting, Heavens conspir'd his over
extracts a second quantity of broth, not throw :
much inferior to the first ; and if new For, falling to a Devillish exercise ,
bones cannot be obtained , a third boil- . And glutted now with Learning's golden
ing may be resorted to with success. gifts,
The same bones which have furnished He surfeits on the cursed Necromancy .
all this nutritive matter, whentreated Nothing so sweet as Magicke is to him !”
with diluted muriatic acid, according Faustus is then seen sitting in his
to Darcet's method, are converted into study ; and he enters into an ela
gelatine , which is dried ; and a single borate discussion on the emptiness of
ounce of this gelutine will, by sufficient all human knowledge, from the Analy
 Marlow's Tragical History ofDr Faustus. 389
1817.]
tics of Aristotle down to the Institutes meraris : per Iehouam , gehennam et conse
of Justinian. After bidding adieu to cratam aquam , quam nunc spargo ; sig .
Logic, Law , Physic, and Divinity, he numque crucis quod nunc facio ; et per vota
nostra ipse nunc surgat nobis Dicatus Me
exclaims, phostophilis."
“ These Metaphysickes of Magicians, This Mephostophilis is henceforth
And negromanticke bookesare heavenly.
非 to become his servient spirit on the
O what a world of profit and delight, following conditions, to which Faustus
Of power, of honour, and omnipotence, chearfully subscribes.
Is promis'd to the studious Artizan ! " For when we heare one racke the name
of God
All things that move betweene the quiet
Poles Abjurethe Scriptures, and his Saviour,Christ,
Shall bee at my command : Emperors and We flye in hope to get his glorious soule.
Nor will we comeunlesse he use such meanes,
Are butKings
obey'd in their several provinces : Whereby he is in danger to be damn’d :
But his dominion, that exceeds in this, Therefore the shortest cut for conjuring,
Stretcheth as far as doth the mind of man : Is stoutlie to abjure all godlinesse ,
A sound Magician is a Demi-god. And pray devoutly to the Prince of Hell.”
While Faustus is in this frame of The following lines are striking ;
mind, there enter a Good Angel and and whether Lord Byron had them ,
or had them not, in his mind during
anGood
EvilAngel.“
Spirit. 0, Faustus, lay that damned the composition of some passages of
booke aside, Manfred, they will, we think, stand
a comparison with any strain of a simi
And gaze not on it lest it tempt thy soule ,
And heape God's heavywrath upon thyhead, lar nature in his Lordship's drama.
Read - read the Scriptures : ~ that is blas Faust. “ Was not that Lucifer an angel
phemy ! once ?
Bad Angel. Go forward , Faustus, in that Meph. Yes, Faustus, and most dearly
famous Art lov'd of God .
Wherein all Nature's treasure is contain'd : Faust. How comes it then that he ts
Be Thou on earth as Jove is in the skie , Prince of Devils ?
Lord and Commander of these Elements." Meph. 0 ! by aspiring pride and inso
lence,
Whilewhich
himself Faustus follow ,gValdes
adviceis to debatin with For which God threw him from the face of
Heaven .
and Cornelius enter, two friends cun Faust. And what are you that live rith
ning in necromancy, and by whose Lucifer ?
suggestion he has been led to engage in Meph. Unhappie Spirits that live with
that art. They eloquently describe to Lucifer -
him the miracles which magic will Conspir'd against our God with Lucifer
perform ; and especially , that the And are for ever damn’d with Lucifer !
Spirits of the Elements will serve him Faust. Where are you damn'd ?
in various forms, and among others, Meph. In Hell.
Faust. How comes it then that thou an
“ Sometimes like women , or unwedded out of Hell ?
maids, Meph . Why, this is Hell, nor am I out
Shadowing more beauty in their ayrie browes of it.
Than have the white breasts of the Queene Think'st thou that I, that saw the face of
of Love.” God ,
He is overcome by these sensations, And tasted the eternal joys of Heaven ,
and agrees to meet them in his study, Amnot tormentedwith ten thousand Hells
that he may learn from them the re- In being depriv'd of everlasting blisse ?
0, Faustus, leave these frivolous demands,
quisite words
Having, of art. become master That strike a terror to my fainting soule ! ”
it appears,
of the spell, he employs it in his What follows is still finer. Faus
study during a night-storm , and Luci- tus, after having bequeathed his soul
fer and four Devils rise up before to Lucifer, by an inscription written
him . Lest any of our readers should in blood upon his arm , and which
be desirous of trying the effects of this is given at full length,regularly sign
incantation , it is as follows: ed , “ By me John Faustus, ” thus
pursues his converse with Mephosto
“ Sint mihi Dii Acherontis propitii,
valeatniNumen triple x Tehouæ ,ignei,aerii, philis.
aquita spiritus salvete : Orientis Princeps Faust. “ First I will question thee about
Belzebub , inferni ardentis Monarcha et Hell,
Demigorgon, propitiamus vos, vt appareat Tell me where is that place that men call
et surgat Mephostophilis Dragon, quod tu- He ! ?
VOL. I. 3 D
 390 Marlow's Tragical History of Dr Faustus. [ July
Meph. Under the Heavens. and occupat ionswith very great vigour,
Faust. Aye ! so are all things else but and with a kind of grotesque sublimi
where abouts ?
ty. imagina
Meph. Within the bowels of these Ele- and tion ofdelight
This vision s then senses
the magicia ; and
ments,
Where wearetortur'd and remaine for ever ! he is leftso charmed with himself and
Hell hath no limits, nor is circumscrib'd situation , that he gives vent to his
In one selfe- place ; but where we are is Hell, feelings thus :
And where Hell is, there must we ever be. Faust. O might I see Hell, and returne
And to be short, when all the world dis- againe safe,
solves, How happy were I then !
And every creature shall be purified ,
Al places shall be Hell that are not Heaven . Old Marlow now indulges, quite un
Fausfond
t.Think ’st thou that Faustus is so expec
to imagine, flight.tedly
, ina most extraordinary
After Faustus and Mephos to
That after this lifethere is any paine ? philis have taken an excursion through
No ! these are trifles, and mere old wives the air, from Paris to Naples, and
tales. " thence to Padua and Venice , they ar
The soul of Faustus is now eter- rive, apparently by rather acircuitous
nally vowed to Lucifer, and henceforth route , at Rome,which the Demon
commence his agonies of remorse and thus describes not unpoetically .
despair, interrupted by sudden starts “ Know that this city stands upon seven hills,
of exultation and pride, as the visions That under -prop the ground -worke of the
of eternal bale, orof earthly pleasure . Just thorow themidst runnes flowing Tiber's
hold of his grand
pomp and ima
ati,onalter
gineur . Grenatel y take
at kno w- With winstrdineamg e,banks thatcut it in two parts:
ledge is here displayed of human na Over the which two stately bridges leane
ture and the workings of the passions. That make safe passageto each part of Rome.
In a soliloquy, Faustus exclaims, Upon the bridge callid Ponto Angelo ,
My heart is hardned — I cannot repent. Erected is a castle passing strong, & c.
*
Scarce can I name Salvation , Faith, or *

Heaven : Beside the gates and high Pyramides 1

Swords, Poysons, Halters, and envenom'd That Julius Cæsarbrought from Africa.
Steele, Faust. Now by the kingdomes of infernall
Are laid before me to despatch myselfe, rule,
And long ere this I should have done the Of Styx, of Acheron , and the Fiery Lake
deed , Of ever-burning Phlegeton , I sweare
sweet pleasure conquered deep des. ThatIdoelong
Had notpaire. to seethose monuments
And situation ofbrightsplendent Rome,” & c.
Good Angel. Repent ! Here, however, he breaks out into
Faust. 0, Christ ! my Saviour ! my a lament, that during all his airy
Saviour !
voyaging he has been a mere specta
Help to save distressed Faustus' soule ! tor, and is now desirous of becoming
Enter Lucifer, Beelzebub, and Mephosto
philis. an actor in the scene ; above all things,
Luci. Christ cannot save thy soule for he hewishes to astonish thePope. Me
is just. phostophilis enters warmly into his
There's none butI have interest in thesame. designs against his Holiness, and thus
Faust . 0 ! what art thou that lookst advises him :
so terribly ? Meph. Let be so , my Faustus ; but first
Luci. am Lucifer, and this my com .
I is stay it
panion Prince in Hell. And view the triumphsas they passe thisway ,
Faust. 0, Faustus ! they are come to And then devise what best contents thy
fetch thy soule . minde,
Beel. We are come to tell thee thou dost By cunni ng in thineart, to crosse the Pope,
injure us. Or dash the pride of his solemnitie :
Luci. Thou call'st on Christ contrary to To make his Monkes and Abbots stand like
thy promise. apes,
Beel. Thou should'st not thinke on God. And point like antiques to his triple crowne :
Faust. And Faustus vowes never to looke To beate the beadsabout the Friars' pates ,
to Heaven ." Or clap huge hornes upon the Cardinals'
While Faustus is thus agitated, Or anyhea
villany
ds : thou canst devise,
Lucifer calls up before him, in their And i'll performe, Faustus: hearke ! they
own proper shapes, the Seven Deadly come :
Sins, to make him some pastime. As This day shall make thee be admir'd in
they pass by, they describe themselves Rome.”
1817.) Marlow's Tragical History of Dr Faustus. 391

Here enters a procession ofCardinals Holiness a blow on the face, and on

and Bishops, some bearing crosiers, him who gave Friar Sandelo a hit on
some pillars , and Monks and Friars the pate. The scene at last degene
chanting. They are followed by the rates into the most utter farce , - but,
Pope, Raymond King of Hungary, on the whole, it is written with great
and the “ Saxon Bruno, " whom the vivacity and spirit, and shews, that
Emperor of Germany had createdPope, both Mephostophilis and Faustus had
but who is now led in chains by his a keen sense of the ludicrous.
reigning Holiness. The Cardinals of After this merry exploit, the Devil
ance and Padua are ordered to th and the Doctor return to Germany, -
holy consistory, to consult the decretal and Faustus, of course, is in high fa
statutes what punishment is due to vour with the Emperor, as the deliver
Bruno for his usurpation of the See. er of Bruno. The Emperor limits his
Soon as they depart, Faustus and Me- demands on the magical powers of
phostophilis assume their appearance , Faustus to this :
and, as if returning from the consisto “ We would behold that famous conqueror,
ry , declare to the Pope, Great Alexander , and his Paramour ,
" That Bruno and the Germane Emperor In their true shapes and state majestical,
Be held asLollards and bold Schismatiques, That we may wonder at their excellence .”
And proud disturbers of the Church's peace.
And if that Bruno , by his owne assent, This is accordingly done rather stu
Did seeke to weare the triple diadem , pidly — but the scene soon ceases tobe
He shall be straight condemn'd of heresie, solemn, and the Doctor returns to his
And on apile of faggots burnt to death ." pranks. A certain courtier, Benvolio,
On this the Pope bestows his bless- had doubted of his magical powers,
ing on them , which makes Mephosto- and treated him with great ridicule
philis jocularly remark , before this exploit. Faustus accord
** So, so, wasnever Devil thus blest before.” ingly punisheshim , by plantinghorns
Meanwhile, Bruno on his head , a favourite mode of pun
Is posted hence , ishment with this magician . Much
And on a proud -pac'd steed , as swift as merriment between Faustus and Me
thought,
Flies o'er the Alps to fruitful Germany. " phostophilis here ensues . Benvolio tries
The Cardinals , whom Mephostophilis to waylay and assasinate his tormentor,
-is of course
had struck in the consistory with pro- farther tormentbaffled
s andindignit ies. Va
, and subjected to
foundsleep, now awake, and withall rious facetiousscenesfollow, in which
haste repair to the Pope, who is en Doctor uses the black art in a very
joyinghimself at a banquet. They the harmless way,-- confusing the noddle
immediately exclaim :
“ First may it please yourSacred Holinesse of a clown, and cheating a horse- deal
To view the sentence of the Reverend Synod er ; on which last feat heseems great
Concerning Bruno and the Emperor.' ly to pride himself. It is impossible
Here a thorough misunderstanding to give any idea, by extracts, of these
takes place. His Holinessflies into å scenes, but their merit seems to con
violent rage -- and swears, that unless sist in their extreme simplicity, border
the Cardinals instantly deliver up Bru- ing at all times on the veriest silliness ;
no, they shall both die. Faustus and yet from the earnestness of the actors,
Mephostophilis enjoy this scene invis- possessing a sort of natural interest,
ible--and occasionally put in a little and affording a laughable contrast be
biting remark, which , coming none tween the high power of Faustus, and
can tell whither, bewilders and af- the insignificantobjects on which, for
frights the sacred company. But they his amusement, he thinks proper to
are not satisfied with this and when exercise it.
refreshments are brought in , they As the play approaches its conclu
snatch the wine -glass from the Pope's sion this farcical spirit subsides . Faus
hand, and finally give him a slap on tus, Mephostophiſis, and several of his
the face, when he cries out, scholars, being assembled, one of them
“ Oh ! I am slain -- helpe me my Lords. asks his master, in very elegant terms,
! comebeandhishelpe
0Damn'd to bearemy body hence; to
soule for ever for this deed ."
shewofthem
Helen Greece ; " admirablest
“ that lady,
to which request
Friars then enter, with bell, book, he thus beautifully replies:
and candle, and a curse is solemnly “ Faust. For that I know your friendship
pronounced on him who stole his Ho is unfeign'd,
liness' meat, on him who struck his It is not Faustus' custom to deny
392 Marlow's Tragical History of Dr Faustus. [ July
The just request ofthose that wish him well : Sweet Helen ! make me immortal with &
You shall behold that peerlesse Dame of kiss !
Greece , _Her lips sucke forth my soule - see ! where
No otherwise for pompe or majesty, it flies !
Than when Sir Paris crost the seas with her, Come, Helen — come, give me my soule
And brought the spoiles to rich Dardania . ” againe.
After the exhibition of Helen, who Here will I dwell,for heaven is in these lips,
And all is dross that is not Helena.
ravishes every beholder with her beau .
ty, an old man enters, who tries to 0 ! Thou art fairer than the evening ayre
in the beauty of a thousand starres !
turn Faustus from his evilways;and Clad
Brighter artThou than flamingJupiter,
themagician seems inclined tofollow when he appeard to haplesse Semele !
his advice, and treats him with great More lovely than the Monarch of the skyo
tenderness. Mephostophilis however In wantonArethusa’s azure arms,
enters, and theterrible sound of his And none butThou shall be my Paramour !"
voice destroys all wise resolutions, and But the rapturous enjoyments of
seems at once to change the very soul Faustusare soonto be direfully inter
andnature of Faustus, who suddenly rupted . Lucifer, Beelzebub, and Me
converts his fear into ferocity, andde- phostophilis enter , amid thunder and
sires his familiar to tear into pieces lightning — and the hour is at hand
that old man to whose kind advices in which heis to deliver up his soul.
he had just before so gratefully listen “ Luci. Faustus, we come to Thee,
“ .Torment, sweet friend, that hase and Bringing with us lasting damnation ,
ed

aged man , To wait upon thy soule ! the time is come

Which makes it forfeit.
That durst dissuade me from thy Lucifer,
With greatesttorments thatour Hellaffords." Meph . And this gloomy night,
This is oneof those sublimestrokes Here,in thisroome, willwretchedFaustas be.
Beel. And here we'll stay,
by which our old dramatists suddenly
electrify the soul, and make us forget, To marke him how he dothdemeane him
self.
as if we had never read them , the nu- Meph. How should he, but in desperate
merous pages of dulness and darkness lunacy ?
before and after ;—the effect of such Fond worldling ! now his heart-blood dries
with griefe!
passages is deep and lasting ; they
clingto our feelings and imaginat ion ; His conscience kills it and his labouring
and the remembrance of one such Begets aworld of idle fantasies
gleam of light opens out to us the To over-reach the Devil ! but all in vain !"*
whole character and being of the per Meanwhile Faustus, aware of his
son described , and raises him up , clear
approaching destruction, has very cool
lyanddistinctly, a real, living, and ly madehis will, of which weare ra
human existence . ther surprised Marlow has not given
Faustus has no sooner expressed his us a scroll, and takes a tender farewell
subjection to his Familiar, than his of his scholars, who retire, and await
evildesires recur ;-and, first of all, in anadjoining room theissue of the
he exclaims in a rapture, fatal visit of Lucifer. That cursed
“ One thing, good servant, let me crave of
The Familiar, Mephostophilis, now comes
To glut the longing of my heart's desire, to torment him.
That I may have unto my Paramour, Meph. Aye ! Faustus ! now thou hast
That heavenly Helen which I saw of late, no hope of Heaven !
Whose sweet embraces mayextinguish cleare Therefore despair ! think only upon Hell !
Those thoughts that do dissuade me from For that must be thy mansion .
my vow , Faust. 0 ! Thou bewitching Fiend !
And keep my vow I made to Lucifer.” 'twas thy temptation
With this request Mephostophilis Hath robb’d me of eternal happinesse.
eagerly complies, and Helen enters Meph. I do confesse it, Faustus ! and re
between two Cupids.i The addressfor
of joice.
Faustus to heris distinguished 'Twas that when thou wert i' the way
elegance and grace, --and shows the Damn'd up thypassage,—when thou tookst
passionate fervency of the lover, join the Booke
the Scriptures, then I turn'd the
ed to the classical propriety of the To viewleaves,
scholar.
“ Faust. Was this the face that launcht And led thine eye.
a thousand ships, What ! weep'st Thou ? 'tis too late. De .
And burn’d the toplesse towers of Ilium ? spair ! Farewell !"
 Marlow's Tragical History ofDr Faustus. 393
1817.)
Faustus is now left alone in his But minemust live stillto be plagued in hell! +
study, and the clock strikes eleven. Curst be the parentsthat ingender'd me.
No, Faustus ! curse thyselfe! curse Lucifer !
His last soliloquy will not suffer by a That hath depriv'dthee ofthe joys of heaven .
comparison with any passage in any [ The clock strikes twelve.
dramatic writer . It strikes ! it strikes ! now, body, turne to
66 Faust. O Faustus ! ayre !
Now hast thou but one bare houre to live ! Or Lucifer will beare thee quicke to Hell !
And then thou must be damned perpetually.. O, soule, be chang'd into small water-drops,
-Stand still, you ever-moving spheres of And fall into the ocean, ne'er to be found !
Thunder , and enter the Devils .
Heaven
That tiine may, cease, and midnight never mercy, Heaven ! looke not so fierce on me!
come ! Adders and serpents ! let me breathe a while !
Faire Nature's eye ! rise ! rise againe ! and Ugly Hell, gape not! Comenot, Lucifer !
make I'll burn my bookes !-0 Mephostophilis ! ”
Perpetual day : or let this houre be but a The terrified scholars now rush in
yeare , to the study, and one of them ex
A month , a weeke, a naturall day, claims
That Faustus may repent, and save his soule ! “ The Devil whom Faustus serv'd hath
O lente, lente, currite noctis equi ! torne him thus !
The stars move still ! time runnes ! the
clocke will strike ! For 'twixt the hours of twelve and one , mea
The Devil will come, and Faustus must be thought
damn'd .
I heard him shrieke, and call aloud for help,
Oh ! I'll leap up to heaven !—who pulls At which same time the house seemed ali
on fire ,
me downe ? With dreadful horror of these damned
See where Christ's blood streames in the fir
fiends."
mament !
One drop of blood will save me ! Oh ! my The Chorus then enters, and the
Christ ! drama concludes with the following
Rend not my heart for naming ofmyChrist! fine lines.
Yet will I call on him !- spare me, Lu- “ Cut is the branch that might have growne
cifer ! full straight,
Where is it now ? ' tis gone! And burned is Apollo's laurel bough ,
And see ! a threatening arme, and angry Thatsometime grew within this learnedman .
brow ! Faustus is gone : regard his hellish fall,
Mountaines and hills, come, come and fall Whose fiendful torture may exhort the wise,
on me ! Only to wonder at unlawful things,
And hide me from the heavy wrath of Whosedeepnesse doth entice such forward
Heaven . wits
No ! then will I headlong run into the earth ! To practise more than heavenly power per
Gape Earth ! ah , no ! it will not harbour mits."
me. We have enabled our readers to
Whose
You starres
influencehave
that reign'd allotted
at my nativity,
death and judge of the merit of this drama,from
hell, the many extracts now given , and
Now draw up Faustus, like a foggie mist, therefore we need not offer any ob
Into the entrails of yon laboring cloud ! servations of our own . It is obvious,
that, as a whole, it is exceedingly im
That when you vomit forth into the ayre ,
My limbs may issue from your smokie perfect and disproportioned. The
mouths, commencement and the conclusion are
But letmy soule mount[ The
Heaven !
andclock
ascendto
strikes. solemn, lofty — even magnificent - but
the middle part is out of all keeping ;
O half the houre is past ! ’ twill all be past and the ludicrous is therein not only
anon !
Oh ! if my soule must suffer for my sin ,
too far prolonged, but too broadly
drawn, and deeply coloured. The
Impose some end to my incessant pain !
Let Faustus live in hell a thousand yeares ! drama, too, comprehends a period of
A hundred thousand ! and at last be say’d. twenty - four years, and the actions
-No end is limited to damned soules ! and events are too few , and not suffi
Whywert thou not a creature wanting soule ? ciently varied. Neither does Faustus
Or why is this immortal which thou hast ? seem to deserve the fearful punish
Oh ! Pythagoras' Metemsycosis ! were that ment finally inflicted on him by Lu
This soule ,
true should flie from me, and I be cifer. At the same time, Marlow has
chang'd shown great skill, and a deep know
Into some brutish beast ! ledge of human nature, in not draw
All beasts are happy, for when they die, ing Faustus as a monster of guilt and
Their soules are soon dissolv'd in elements. iniquity, so as to destroy all sympathy
394 Diseases lately prevalent in Edinburgh . [ July
with his sufferings and fate. Though to cold in those who have formerly
sold to Hell, he seeks rather his own been affected with it, or who have
enjoyment and pleasure than the mi- been exposed to its cause in countries
sery of others ; nor does he even seek and situations where it still prevails .
them at the expense of his fellow crea- Two instances only have come under
tures. When he delivers himself up my observation, in which agues ap
to pleasure, his paramour is no inno- peared to originate in the town or
cent maiden whom his magic seduces, neighbourhood. One was in a gar
but the bright phantom of a former dener, who, in the spring of the year
age, and his licentiousness, even in 1815, had been employed in working
its most criminal indulgencies, con- on the marshy banks of Duddingston
nects itself with the dreams of an ima- Loch . In this man the ague was
gination filled with all the forms of quotidian ; and when, along with a
classical beauty. Goethe, on the other medical friend, I first saw him , about
hand, in his powerful drama on the a fortnight after he had been taken ill,
same subject, has driven Faustusover the hot stage of the fever was long
the edge , and down the abyss, of Sin. continued the cold fit slight and with
But we are not now going to criticise little shivering ; he, at the same time,
the work of the German philosopher ; laboured under cough and other pec
that we may do at another opportu- toral complaints, which rendered it dif
nity. Let us conclude with oneremark ficult to determine whether the disease
that while there is at present abroad was intermittent fever, or hectic, symp
throughout the world so mad a pas- tomatic of a rapid consumption. On
sion for poetry, and more especially watching the case, however, for a few
for poetry in which the stronger pas- days, the progress of the symptoms
sions of our nature are delineated , it seemed to indicate that it was inter
is somewhat singular, that such ex- mittent fever . The bark was accord
cessive admiration is bestowed on one ingly given , which, by producing its
great living Poet, while (to say nothing usual specific effects in that fever , de
of contemporary writers ) there are so monstrated the nature of the disease.
many glorious works of the mighty After a few doses, the paroxysms were
dead, unknown or disregarded - works diminished in severity, and in a fort
from which that illustrious person has night were entirely removed . The
doubtless imbibed inspiration, and other instance was in a poor man who
which, without detracting from his had lived in the Cowgate, and several
well - earned fame, we must think, are years ago was admitted as a patient
far superior, in variety, depth, and into the Royal Infirmary with a well
energy of passion , to the best poems marked intermittent fever, of which
which his powerful genius has yet he was speedily cured . In this case
H. M. no adequate cause could be assigned
produced .
for its production.
REMARKS ON THE DISEASES LATELY
Continued fevers always prevail more
PREVALENT IN EDINBURGH .
or less in Edinburgh . Of these some
seem to be produced by exposure, or
A VAPOUR, or effluvium of an unknown fatigue, or other causes which it is not
nature, which arises from stagnant easy to ascertain , butdo not appear to
water in marshes or lakes, common- arise from , or to be communicated by,
ly called marsh miasma, almost never contagion. This, which may be con
fails, in the situations in which these sidered as the synochus, or common
exist, to produce Intermittent Fevers continued fever of this country, seems
or agues. In Edinburgh this disease to prevail in all parts of Britain , par
is recorded to have formerly prevailed ticularly during summer ; and is ac
epidemically ; but since the removal cordingly denominated by some phy
of the cause, by the draining of the sicians the Summer Fever. It occurs
marsh which existed on the south side among all classes of the community,
of the town , in the present situation and in persons of all ages ; but young
of Hope Park, and of the North Loch, and plethoric men seem to be more
between the Old and New Town, liable to it than others. It appears to
about the middle of last century , in- be seldom dangerous; but the feverish
termittent fevers have almost entirely symptoms are frequently smart, and
disappeared from the town . Examples are attended by headach , and by sick
of this disease are here now extremely ness of stomach, bilious stools, and
fare , except when excited by exposure other marks of derangement in the
 1817.] Diseases lately prevalent in Edinburgh . 395

secretion of bile. In other cases the ed very considerably during the sum
symptoms are exceedingly mild ; and mer ; but during this last winter
I have had frequent opportunities of it has again increased , and typhus
seeing instances, in which general fever has been diffused among the
lassitude, with inaptitude for exertion poor in the different quarters of the
of the body or mind, impaired appe- town, and several persons in the bet
tite, slightly foul tongue, and disturbed ter ranks. of life have been attacked
sleep, were the only symptoms of the by it. During its prevalence, this fe
disease, the pulse continuing little if ver has however generally been mild,
at all above, sometimes even below, the and few cases have occurred in which
natural standard ; and the patients, I have learnt of its having been at
while lying in bed, feeling so easy in tended by the severe or putrid symp
every respect, that it was difficult to toms which distinguish malignant ty
persuade them or their friends of the phus. In a greatnumber of the cases
propriety and necessity of confine- there can hardly be said to have been
ment tobed , and of their observing an any symptom peculiar to typhus fever ;
abstemious diet. Inthese cases the fe- and had it not been from their appa
1
ver has been generally long continued, rently contagious nature , it would
and its abatement almost impercepti- have been impossible to have distin
ble ; no very distinct amendnient hav- guished them from common continued
ing taken place till after a period of fever. In the severer cases, however,
several weeks. the symptoms of typhus were more
Besides this fever, there generally distinct, as shewn by the early deli
exists in Edinburgh, though usually rium, the suffusion of the eyes, the
to a very limited degree, acontinued involuntary discharge of the excre
fever of a contagious nature, commonly tions, and the blackand incrusted fur
denominated Typhus or Nervous Fever. on the mouth and tongue. In a con
During the earlier months of last year, siderable number also of these, an
a considerable number of cases of this eruption of a red colour, not unlike
fever appeared in town ; but these measles in its appearance, but of a paler
were chiefly confined to particular si- hue, without being elevated , appeared
tuations of the town and suburbs, during theearlier days of thefever,
which are close and ill -aired. Indeed and faded during its progress. No in
the greater proportion of cases which stances have fallen under my own ob
came under my observation occurred servation, of the occurrence of the
in a house in a close in the Grass- small black or dark purple points,
market, occupied as a beggars' lodging- commonly called petechiæ , which are
house, where, in two small and con- apparently formed by blood thrown
fined rooms, there were no fewer than out in the skin , and usually considered
seven beds, generally completely filled
as a mark of putrescency ; but I have
by the families of vagrants or stranger been informed of severalcases in which
poor, who had no permanent residence they appeared. In one of these cases,
in the town. Into this habitation, so the petechiæ were preceded , for some
well adapted for the reception and days, by the red eruption already no
spreading of contagion, a man came ticed. In a very violent case of the
from Glasgow affectedwith fever, and fever, which proved fatal, gangrenous
speedily communicated it to others of vesications were formed , about the
his fellow -lodgers; and though as eleventh day, on the back and loins,
many of the sick as possible were sent from the irritation produced by the
to the Infirmary, and, in consequence involuntary discharge ofthe secretions;
of the fever, several of the lodgers left and various instances of the mortifica
the house, and others were deterred tion of the parts of the body which
from coming into it, yet the disease are compressed in lying have taken
spread through fourteen of the inha- place. In two instances , I have seen
bitants of this miserable place. The the disease accompanied by an aphthous
house was at lengthleft nearly empty ; state of the throatand back part of the
and ventilation and cleaning having nose . In one of these, the fever went
been promoted as much as possible, on till the twenty -first day, when,
the contagion appeared to havebeen under the cooling treatment and anti
destroyed , as I believe fever did not phlogistic regimen , an abatement took
afterwards recur among those who re- place, and, after a long convalescence,
sided in it. the patient completelyrecovered. In
The number of fevers diminish- the other, which occurred in a brother
396 Diseases lately prevalent in Edinburgh. [ July
of the first, after two relapses, in each part of those exposed to it, and fre
of which the fever was more severe quently did not proceed further than
than in the preceding attack , notwith- the individual first attacked . Dur
standing the very liberal and appa- . ing the last month, the number af
rently beneficial use of wine, the fected with it has considerably de
strength was completely exhausted, creased ; and there seems reason to
the functions of the stomach failed hope, that a further abatement will
completely , vomiting of a blackmat- take place with the continuance of the
ter like coffee- grounds (very similar to fine weather. The unusual circum
what is described under the name of the stances, howev of the prevalence of
black vomit in fevers of tropical cli- a contagious fever, though to an ex
mates ) cameon, and the patient died at tent which must appear exceedingly
the end of the eleventh week . In both trifling, when compared with what
these cases, the aphthous state of the takes place in other large towns, or
throat went off during the progress of even with what formerly existed in
the fever, and no other symptom of Edinburgh, and ofits having attacked
putrescency appeared . In a great pro- several individuals in the better ranks
portion of cases, an abatement of the of life, to some of whom it proved
fever has taken place by the fourteenth fatal, 'have excited a considerable de
day ; and in many instances, particu- gree of anxiety in the minds of the
Iarly in children , much earlier. In public ; and nost unfounded alarms,
some cases, however, the change did and exaggerated reports, have spread
not happen till the twenty - first day. abroad with regard to the extent and
In those in whom the fever proved danger of the disease. The discussion
fatal, death has, as far as I can learn, which these have occasioned may not
very rarely taken place at an early be without its use, as it leads to the
period of the disease, but generally at consideration of the causes which pro
some time after the fourteenth day of duce the fever , and of the means to be
its continuance . employed for arresting its progress.
It is not easy to form any conjecture Among the variouscauses to which
with regard to the causes of the dif- the prevalence of the fever has been
ferent degrees of severity of the fever attributed, the one which has excited
in different individuals, for among a most attention , is the great accumu
number affected, placed in the same lation of the soil from the town , in the
circumstances, and apparently having dunghills in its immediate neighbour
derived it from the same contagion, hood . It is true, that it is by nomeans
sufficiently determined,
been seen to exist in very va- cumstances
has states.
itrious what the cir
The disease has, how- are under which typhus
ever, been in general much milder fever is generated, or whether, any
among children than in adults, or in more than small- pox or measles, it is
those who had passed the age of pu- ever excited except by a specific con
berty ; and what appears rather re- tagion ; but, as far as is known, there
markable, it has been in general more seems no reason to believe that a con
severe in those of the better classes tagious fever is ever produced by the
whom it has attacked than among the putrefaction of dead animal or veget
poor. It has been among individuals able matter ; and, in the present in
in the better ranks of life, who had stance , I am aware of no facts which
every advantage in their accommoda- can tend to shew , that the effluvium
tion and treatment, and who previously from thedunghills has had any share
enjoyed a high state of health, that I in the production or spreading of the
have seen and heard of the most vio- fever which has prevailed, while there
lentand malignant cases of the fever. are many circumstances which go far
The typhus which has prevailed , to establish that it has had no such
has not appeared to have been of a effect. Besides, when it is considered,
very actively contagious nature ; for that it is universally acknowledged
though in some few families and situ- that close and ill ventilated houses,
ations, in circumstances peculiarly well crowded with inhabitants, who, from
adapted for the propagation of con- poverty and want of employment, are
tagion , it spread very generally, yet, debilitated in their bodies, and de
in other instances, where but very pressed in their minds, are situations
imperfect means of prevention could most favourable to the propagation of
be adopted, it affected only a small contagious fever,—that contagious fe
1
1817.] Diseases lately prevalent in Edinburgh. 397

ver is never entirely absent from have been received into them , but in
Edinburgh - and that infection may materially diminishing, since their
be imbibed and communicated by the establishment, the number of conta
clothes of a person affected with fe- gious fevers in the city. The dislike,
ver, or who has been for a continu- however,which exists among the poor
ed period exposed to an atmosphere to avail themselves of the advantages
strongly impregnated with its con- of an hospital, some of the motives of
tagion ,-it does not appear difficult which must excite our sympathy ra
to explain the prevalence of typhus ther than our blame, frequently pre
among the poor during last winter, or vents altogether the removal of the
its occasional communication to their sick into this institution, and, in
richer neighbours It would seem , cases of fever, almost always till after
therefore, that little benefit can be the disease has considerably advanc
expected, in so far as relates to the pre- ed ; and when the removal has been
vention or diminution of this fever, effected, the remainder of the family
from the removal of the dunghills. It continue to live in the room , or even
is, however, completely ascertained, to sleep in the bed, from which the
that when patients affected with ty- sick person has been taken, and which
phus are laid in well ventilated apart- continue loaded with the seedsof the
ments, and proper attention is paid to disease . In order to arrest the pro
the cleanliness of their persons, and to
gress of contagion among the poor , the
the removal and washing of their bed- co - operation of the richer part of the
ding and clothes, the risk of contagioncommunity is essentially necessary .
is incalculably diminished : and so This may be afforded, and can be ef
much is this the case , that even in fectually afforded only, by steps being
fever-wards in hospitals, where a num- taken to encourage, among the poor,
ber of patients with bad fevers are the early separation of the diseased
often collected together, the commu- from the healthy, -- to enable them ,
nication of contagion to other parts of by contributing towards the expense,
the house is unknown, and those whose and by furnishing a temporary sup
duties require their presence among ply of clothing, to clean the infected
the sick , unless from imprudent ex- clothing and furniture, and to fumi
posure in remaining too long close gate and white-wash their houses,
to the patients, or upon their beds, are and, above all, to ensure that these
very rarely infected . Among the rich, measures are carefully carried into ef
all risk of the spreading of contagion fect, by providing for the superintend
is in general completely prevented , byence of them when they are necessary.
the removal of the infected person in- In London, Manchester, Liverpool,
to a separate room , into which the air and other large towns, associations for
is freely admitted, while unnecessary the prevention of contagious fevers
communication with the rest of the among the poor have, by adopting
familyis prohibited, and due attention these means, produced an immediate
is paid to the removal and cleaning and great diminution of the number of
of the clothes which are used about fevers in these towns ; and in Edin
the sick. But among thepoor, whose burgh, the formation of some plan for
families are generally obliged to oc- the same purpose, which might be ef
cupy one apartment, and often only fected at a very small expense, and
one bed, into which the free air is could not fail greatly to diminish the
seldom , if ever, allowed to have ac- prevalence of fever, if not wholly to
cess, and whose poverty and apathy remove it from the town, seems dictat
are serious obstacles to their mak- ed to those enjoying the advantages of
ing any effort to rid themselves of affluence, not only by humanity to
the evil, it becomes much more diffi- wards the poor, but also by a regard to
cult to arrest the progress of contagion. the safety andcomfort of themselves
The fever-wards of the Royal Infirm- and their families.
ary of Edinburgh, the first of the None of the contagious diseases to
kind, I believe ,which were establish- which children are liable prevail at
ed in Britain , have been productive present in Edinburgh. A few strag
of many advantages, not only in pro- gling cases of measles still occasionally
moting the recovery of those who occur among thosewho escaped that
VOL. I. 3 E
398 Lord Lovat's Memorial to George I. [ July
disease when so universally prevalent general of Edinburgh, and the practice
during last autumn and winter.* In- of vaccination is very generally adopt
stances of scarlet fever also present ed by all classes of the community ;
themselves from time to time ; but this in consequence of which, the town
disease, from what cause it is not easy enjoys an exemption from small-pox
to say, has not shewn any disposition to an extent, I believe, unknown in
to spread itself, —though,as it has not any town of equal magnitude in Bri
prevailed generally since 1811, a great tain. After very considerable oppor
number of children must be liable to tunities of observation with regard to
receive its infection . this subject, I can myself affirm , that
Hooping cough, which prevailed I have seen hitherto nothing to shake,
very generally during the last summer and much to confirm , my belief in
and winter, has now almost entirely the preservative powers of the cow
disappeared ; and there can be little pox against the small-pox.
doubt, that the dry and steady wea- The variable climate, and exposed
ther of the spring has contributed to situation of Edinburgh, render its in
its removal. habitants , perhaps in a peculiar de
Cases of small- pox occasionally pre- gree , liable to catarrhs and pectoral
sent themselves in Edinburgh , in complaints ; but the dry and steady
children in whom vaccination has been weather of last spring has occassioned
neglected, but during the last year a remarkable diminution in the usual
these have been extremelyrare. Com- number of these diseases during that
plete confidence in the efficacy of the season of the year. The wet weather,
cow -pox exists amongthe medical pro- however, at the end of May, had an
fession, and among the inhabitants in immediate effect in increasing the pre
valence of colds, and in aggravating
For an account of this epidemic , see the complaints of those wholaboured
“ Reports of the Edinburgh New Town under diseases of the chest, and gave
Dispensary , ” in the Edinburgh Medical and rise to several cases of well -marked
Surgical Journal for January and April croup. J. W. T.
1817 . Edin . June 1st, 1817.

ANTIQUARIAN REPERTORY.

MEMORIAL , ADDRESSED TO HIS MA- shorter time. Of the former, the riots in
JESTY GEORGE I. CONCERNING THE Ross -shire in 1792, were the last struggle.
STATE OF THE HIGHLANDS ;
-I am , Sir, your obedient humble Servant,
GAEL.
By Simon, LORD Lovat, 1724. June 21 , 1817.
MR EDITOR ,
The Highlands of Scotland being a
BELIEVING that the following Memorial country very mountainous, and almost
of Lord Lovat to George I. has never been inaccessibleto any but the inhabitants
published, and that it may interest the thereof, whose language and dress are
readers of your Magazine, I submit it to
your consideration. It is dated twenty-one entirely different from thoseof the
years before the rebellion, for hisactivity low country, do remain to this day
in which Lord Lovat was brought to the much less civilized than the other
scafold. Whether, at the period when the parts of Scotland, from whence many
memorial was written , he was loyal at bot- inconveniences arise to his Majesty's
tom , I have no means of determining, nor subjects, and even to the government
do I know whether the memorial was actu- itself.
ally presented to the king.
It shows clear
ly , however,that Lovatwasat thatperiod renThat
and part
dissatisfied . The account given of the state
of Scotland is very bar
unimproven , has little or no
of the Highlands isquite correct. What a trade, and not much intercourse with
wonderful change seventy years have effects the low country ; the product is al
ed! Indeed , the change from barbarism to most confined to the catile which feed
civilization was brought about in a much in the mountains. The people wear
1817. ) Lord Lovat's Memorial to George I. 399

their ancient habit, convenient for made their retreat good, till they join
their wandering up and down, and ed Lord Lovat, and others, who were
peculiar way of living, which inures in arms for his Majesty.
them to all sorts of fatigue. Their The other example was that of the
language, being a dialect of the Irish, Macleans, whose lands had been veste
is understoodby none but themselves ; ed for debt in the family of Argyle ,
they are very ignorant, illiterat, and in above forty years before ; their chief
constant use of wearing arms, which had not ane inch of ground, but after
are well suited to their method of using living and serving in France mostpart
them , andvery expeditious in march- of his lifetime,had come over to Lon
ing from place to place. don, where he had been maintained by
These circumstances have, in all the charity of Queen Anne. Yet, un
times, produced many evils, which der all these circumstances, Sir John
have been frequently considered, and Maclean got together 400 of these men ,
many remedies attempted, as it ap- out of a remote island in the west seas
pears from the Scots acts of parlia- of Scotland, who fought under him
ment. Their living among themselves, at Dumblain , against his Majesty's
unmixt with the other partof the coun- troops, though commanded by their
try, has been one of the causes that own landlord .
many of their families have continued This extraordinar state of the coun
in the same possessions during many try has, in all times, produced many
ages , and very little alterations hap- mutual quarrels and jealousies among
pen in the property of land ; there are the chiefs, which formerly amounted
few purchases, and securities for debts to a continual scene of civil warre ; and
are very uncertain, where power hap- to this day there remains both person
pens to be wanting to support the al and hereditary feuds and animosities
legal right. among them , which have a great in
The names of the inhabitants are fluence over all their actions. The law
confined to a small number, partly has never had its due course and au
from the little intercourse they have thority in manyparts of theHighlands,
had with other people, and partly from neither in criminal nor civil matters ;
the affectation that reigns among them , no remedy having proved entirelyef
to annex themselves to some tribe or fectual, and one of the most usefull
family, and thereby to put themselves having been disproved. Schemes of
under the protection of the head or this nature have been often framed ,
chief thereof. but with too little knowledge of the
These several names of families are country, or the true rise of the abuses
respectively associated together in to be reformed, and very often with too
friendship and interest, each name much partiality, and views of resent
under such person as is, or is reputed ment or private interest; allwhich tend
to be, the head of the family, who has only to create disorders and discontents,
very great authority over them , quite to exasperate some, and too much en
independent of any legal power, and courage others, and to makeall more
has, in severall instances , continued proper and reasonable expedients the
great numbersof years after that the more difficult to execute.
lands where they live has been alien- The families in the Highlands are
ated from the chiefs whom they serve. divided ( besides the disputes arising
There happened two surprising in- among themselves) in principles be
stances of this at the late rebellion ; tween the Whigs and the Jacobites ;
the one was concerning the Frasers, and that so near in equality, that the
who, upon the Lord Lovat's arrival in authority of the government, by giving
Scotland, though he had been ane countenance or discouraging, and by
exile for many years, another family, rewards andpunishments properly ap
viz. AlexanderMackenzie of Fraser- plied, and all centering in the advance
dale, in possession of the estate, who ment of the Whig interest, united to
had marched a number of them , form- gether, might easily produce a vast
ed into a regiment, to Perth, where superiorityon the side of those who
the rebel army then lay. Yet note are well affected, there being in the
withstanding all this, themoment they country a great party who, ever since
heard that their chief was assembling the names of Whig and Tory have been
the rest of his friends and name in known, have been alwaysready to ven .

the Highlands, they got together, and ture their lives in the protestant cause.
400 Lord Lovat's Memorial to George I. [ July
But such has been the melancolly cir- to outrun those whom they cannot
cumstances of affairs in Scotland for resist.
some years past, that allmost all the The bad consequences of those rob
considerable gentlemen who took up beries are not the only oppression which
arms for his Majesty in the time of the people suffer in the loss of their
the late unnatural rebellion, have felt cattle and other goods, -but by the
the displeasure of those in power in habitual practices of violences and ille
Scotland. But as this memorialist is gal exactions. The Highlanders dis
humbly of opinion, that it is the dutyuse all their country business, they
of all good subjects to heal rather grow averse to all notions ofpeace and
than widen breaches among the well tranquillity, -- they constantly practise
the use of arms,-they increase their
affected, to contend only in zeal for his
numbers, by drawing many into their
Majestie's service ; and in consequence
thereof, to look forward only inobser-gang, who would otherwise be good
vations of this nature, he will open subjects,and they remain readyand
this scene no farther, than with all proper materials for disturbing the go
humble gratitude to acknowledge the vernment upon the first occasion.
great goodness of his Majestie towards These interruptions of the public
him , in so often protecting and pre- peace in the Highlandswere frequente
serving him from impending ruin, ly under the consideration of the Pare
which the resentment of his enemies
had threatened .
liament of Scotland , who, out of just
resentment of such intolerable abuses,
It would, without doubt, be very did , during the course ofseveral reigns,
happy for the government, for the in- pass many laws, but without success.
habitants of the low country, and, They were very severe, drawn with
above all, for the Highlanders them- more zeal than skill, and almost im
selves, that all Scotland was equally practicable in the execution. In some
civilized, and that the Highlanders few examples these extraordinary se
could be governed with the same ease verities took place ; but that tended
and quiet as the rest of Scotland . But more to prevent than establish the
as that must be the work ofgreat time, quiet ofthe country, being sufficient
every remedy that can be suggested, to provok and exasperat, and too little
though but particular and incomplet, to subdue the disturbers of the public
yet may be worthy of the consideration peace.
of those in the administration ; for These evils thus remaining without
whatever tends in any degree to the a remedy, and the protection of the
civilizing those people, and enforcing
law being too weak to defend the peo
the authority of thelaw in those parts,
ple against such powerful criminals,
does in so far really strengthen the those who saw they must inevitably
present government. The use of arms suffer by such robberies, found it ne
in the Highlands will hardly ever be cessar to purchase their security by
laid aside, till, by degree, they begin paying ane annual tributeto the chief
to find they have nothing to do with tains of those who plundered. This
them . And it is no wonder, that the illegal exaction was called Black Meall,
laws establishing the succession of the and was levied upon the several par
crown , should be too little regarded ishes much in the samemanner as the
by those who have not hitherto been land -tax now is.
used to a due compliance with any law The insolence of those lawless peo
whatsoever . ple became more intolerable than ever,
One of the evils which furnishes the about the time of the late happy re
most matter of complaint at present, volution , when many of the chiefs of
is the continual robberies and depre- the same families were then in arms
dations in the Highlands, and the against our deliverer, King William ,
country adjacent. The great difficulty whoMajestie
were lately in rebellion against
in this matter arises from the moun- his . Ane army of regular
tainous situation of those parts, the re- troops marched into the Highlands,
moteness from towns, and part there- but with little success, even meeting
of consisting of islands, dispersed up with a defeat by my Lord Dundee,
and down in the western seas, the cri- who commanded the rebells. Other
minals cannot, by any methods now methods were taken, which putt an
practised, be pursued, much less seiz- end to the civil war. The well-affect
ed and brought to justice, being able ed Highlanders were made use of to
1817. ] Lord Lovat's Memorial to George I. 401
assist the regular troops. Some of the cies attending this measure. The
rebell chief's were privately gained men were cloathed in the best man
over to the Government, so that part- ner, after the fashion of the Highland
ly by force, and partly by severallers, both for the unaccountable march
other artfull manadgements, the quietes these people perform , and for their
of the country was restored, excepting covering at night in the open air.
that many of the rebells, who had They spoke the same language, and
ceased to oppose the government, be got intelligence of 'every thing that
gan to plunder their neighbours, and was doing in the country. They car
sometimes one another. ried the same sort of arms, convenient
The continual feuds and animosi- for the Highlanders in their ways of
ties that has always raged among the acting . Being picked out for this ser
chiefsof many Highland families, are vice, they were the most known, and
skilfully and wisely made use of, both capable of following criminalls over
to prevent their uniting in the dis- the wild mountains a thing imprac
turbance of the public peace, or their ticable but for natives to perform .
taking any joint measures against the The captains procured their men ,
government. There is almost allways in all theirproceedings, the assistance
good service to be done this way ; and of the inhabitants they had under their
in time of the last rebellion, it retarde influence, and of all their friends in
ed very much the proceeding of the the country ; and the inferior officers,
rebells , and made their army much and even the private men, wherever
less than otherways it would have they came, found always some of their
been . tribe or family who were ready to as
The parliament of Scotland impow- sist them in doeing their duty, when
ered King William to establish parti- any part of thesecompanies were up
cular commissions to proceed against oncommand, either upon pursuit of
criminalls in those parts, which were criminalls, the getting intelligence, or
ishued with very extraordinary powers, otherways acting in the service. It
and were executed in ane unlimit- gave no allarm , nor discovered what
ed arbitrary manner, without any ef they were doeing ; for when it was
fect for the purposestheywere estab- necessary that they should not be
lished, so as to creat in all people ane known, it was impossible to distin
aversion against such courts and judi- guish them from other natives.
cature, which , even in matters of life So that, by this scheme, the very
and death, were confined by no rules barbarity, the uncivilised customs of
of law whatsoever -- they made mal, the Highlanders, and all the severall
contents against the government, and causes of the want of peace, came in
at last were prudently laid aside. aid to preserve it till time and more
After many fruitless experiments expedients should further civilise the
for bringing the Highlandsto a state country:
of more quiet, it was at last accom- As the private men of the compa
plished by the establishing indepen- nies were chosen from among such of
dent companies, composed of High- the Highlanders who were best ac
landers, and commanded by gentlemen quainted with all parts of that coun
of good affection and of credit in that try , —who knew those clans who were
country. This took its rise from ane most guilty of plunder, with their
address of the Parliament to the King. manner of thieving, and with their
The advantages that arose from this haunts, -it was almost impossible for
measure were many. These compa- the robbers to drive away the cattle,
nies having officers at their head, who or hide them any where, without be
were gentlemen of interest in the ing discovered ; nor could they con
Highlands, and well affected , were a ceal themselves so, but that they were
great countenance and support, on all sooner or latter found out and seized ;
occasions, to the friends, and a terror and in a short time there was such ane
to the enemies, of the government. end putt to these illegal violences, that
The men being Highlanders, and all the gangs were taken -- the most
well chosen for the purpose intended, notorious offenders were convicted and
the whole difficulties which arose in executed—and great numbers of oth
all former projects for preserving the ers, whose guilt was less, were sent
peace of the Highlands, became even beyond sea into the service, as recruits
so many advantages and convenien- during the war.
 402 Lord Lovat's Memorial to George I. [ July
Thus it was that this remedy was resentment, for their distinguishing
so successful ; in so much , that about themselves in his majestie's service ;
sixteen years agoe those disturbances, and others are ruined who dare refuse
even before and at this time so fre- to comply with such illegal insolent
quentand grievous to the people, did demands .
intyrely cease. The method by which the country
After the late unnatural rebellion, is brought under this tax is this :
the Highlanders, who had been in That when the people are almost ruin
arms against the government, fell into ed by continual robberies and plunders,
their old unsettled way of liveing, lay- the leader of the band ofthieves, or
ing aside any little industry they had some friend of his, proposes, that for
formerly followed, and returned to a sumof money to be annually paid,
their usual violences and robberies. he will keep a number of men in arms
About this time it was thought ex-to protect such a tract of ground , oras
pedient to pass an act ofparliament many parishes as submitt to pay the
for disarming the Highlanders, which contribution. When the terms are
was, withoutdoubt, intheory , a mea- agreed upon , he ceases to steal, and
sure very useful and desireable ; but thereby the contributors are saffe. If
experience has shewed that it has pro- any refuse to pay he is immediately
duced this bad consequence , that those plundered. To colour all this villany,
who had appeared in arms, and fought those concerned in the robberies pay
for the government, finding it their the tax with the rest, and all the
duty to obey the law , did accordingly neighbourhood must comply , or be
deliver up their arms ; but those law- undone. This is the case (among
less Highlanders, who had been well others) of the whole low country of
provided with arms for the service of the shyre of Ross.
the Pretender, knowing but too well Arter the disarming act was passed ,
the insuperable difficulty for the go- and those companies were broke, there
vernment to putt that act into execu- were some other measures laid down
tion , instead of really complying with for preserving the peace of the High
the law , they retained all their arms lands. Barracks were built at a very
that were useful, and delivered up great expence, and detachments were
only such as were spoiled and unfitt made from the regiments in the neigh
for service ; so that, while his Majes- bourhood to garrison them , and to take
tie's enemies remainedas well provide post in those places which were thought
ed and prepared for all sorts of mis- most proper for the repressing these
chief as they were beforethe rebellion , disorders ; but all this had no effect.
his faithful subjects, who were well The regular troops were never used
affected, and ventured their lives in to such marches, with their usual arms
his service, by doing their duty and and accutrements, were not able to
submitting to the law, rendered them- pursue the Highlanders; their very
selves naked and defenceless, and at dress was a signal to the robbers to
the mercy of their own and the gov- avoid them ; and the troops, who were
ernment's avowed enemies. strangers to the language, and often
Upon this the plunders and robber- relieved byothers, couldnever get any
ies increased ; but, upon the breaking useful intelligence, nor even be suffi
of the independent companies in the ciently acquainted with the situation
year 1717, these robberies went on of the several parts of the country, so
without any manner of fear or res- as to take the necessary measures for
traint, and have ever since continued pursuing the robbers when any vio
to infest the country in a publick and lence was committed.
open manner . The regular troops not The effect of all which has been,
being able to discover or follow them , that the government has been put to a
and all the innocent people are with- great expence, and the troops have
out arms to defend themselves. Thus, been fatigued to no purpose.
then , violences are now more notori- The officers of the law, for the
ous and universal than ever , in so peace, are the Sheriffs and Justices of
inuch, that a great part of the country the Peace ; and, in time of any commo
has, by necessity, been brought under tions, thé Lieutennants and their de
the scandalous contributions before puties ; which office, long disused, was
zuentioned ; and the rogues have very revived and re - established at the time
near undone many people, out of mere of the late rebellion .
1817.] Lord Lovat's Memorial to George I. 403
It would seem to be highly necessared with authority over them , and now
to the government that the Sheriffs and acting in his Majestie's name, whom
Lord Lieutennants should be persons they endeavoured to destroy, and to
having credit and interest in the shyre whom alone they owe their lives .
they are to govern , —they cannot other- The constituting one person Sheriff
ways have the knowledge necessary, or Lord Lieutennant over many shyres,
of the gentlemen and inhabitants, for has several bad consequences to his
performing the duty oftheir office, and Majestie's service. There is one in
making ituseful for the advancing of stance where eight lieutennancies are
his Majestie's interest. On the con- all joined in one person . The memo
trary, such ignorance creats many mis- rialist mentions this only as ane ob
takes in the execution of their charge, servation in general, without in the
tending to the interruption of justice, least detracting from the merit of any
and rendering the people under them person whatsoever.
discontented and unwilling to act in From some of those causes it like.
the service of the government. In ways happens, that when several per
these cases, it has happened that, sons are recommended by the Sheriffs
throw misrepresentations of the char- or Lieutennants, to be made Justices
acters of the persons employed under of the Peace, not all qualified for that
them , deputy -sheriffs have been made office, without knowledge, mean , and
every way unfit for their office , -igno- of no estate nor character in the coun
rant, of bad reputation, and notorious- try, or ill-affected to government, and
ly ill-affected to his Majesty. when most or all the well-affected gen
There are two deputies of the shyre tlemen are left out of the commission,
of Inverness, both ofwhich were ac- it naturally produces such confusion
tually in the late rebellion, Robert and discontents as to frustrat the in
Gordon of Haughs, and John Bailie, a stitution and design of the office, to
late servant to the Duke of Gordon the disturbance of the peace of the
during the rebellion ; and both these country to the lessening his Majes
deputies were prisoners in the hands tie's authority , -- and particularly , in
of Lord Lovat uponthat account, who all mattersofexcise, and a surcease of
has now the mortification to see and justice, and a vast detriment to the re
feel them triumphant overhim , loading venue.
him with marks of their displeasure. The revival of the Justices of the
In the shyre of Ross, the deputy- Peace of Scotland, immediately after
sheriff is Colin Mackenzie ofKincraig, the union, was then esteemed amatter
who was likewise in arms with the late of the greatest importance to the go
Earl of Seaforth against the govern- vernment andinterest of the protestant
ment. The memorialist would not succession . It is therefore the more to
mention the encouragement the gen- be lamented , that throwout the whole
tlemen of the name of M‘Kenzie met north of Scotland, there is hardly any
with in prosecuting his Majestie's regular acting Commission of theJus
faithful subjects, least it should have tices ofthe Peace ; whereas, if the con
the appearance of any personall resent- siderable gentlemen were appointed
ment, were it not thepublick debate who have estates in their own county,
and judgment of the House of Lords and were all affected to his Majesty,
this last session, have published to the there is no doubt but that office would
world, by relieving Mr GeorgeMunro be execute so as to be very useful to
from the oppression he lay under . the government, and possibly pave the
It cannot but be a very melancholy wayfor great improvements in the
scene for all the well affected gentle- political state of the country. The
men and inhabitants in those parts , to memorialist, with all humility, sub
find the very criminalls whom, a few mits these observations to hisMajes
yearsago, they saw inarms and open tie's consideration .
rebellion in the Pretender's cause , vest ( Signed ) LOVAT.
406 Review .- Grenfell's Speech. [ July
REVIEW OF NEW PUBLICATIONS.

The Speech of PascoeGrenfell,Esq.in complex ion or consequences of their

own measures . From occupation of
the House of Commons, on Tuesday, mind, from a commendable contempt
the 13th of February 1816, on cer of small difficulties, and from that
tain transactions subsisting betwixt inevitable trust of self which pervades
the Public and the Bank of England . human nature,it is clear that, in
With an Appendix . London,Mur
ray , 8vo . 1816 . giving their minds to the rapid sucees
sion of affairs in a great nation like
Of late years the Parliament of Bri- this, ministers must be far advanced
tain has signalized itself by collecting in some measure resulting from a pre
and disseminating information on se- ceding one, before even the first out
veral important points of national ward results of that of which it is a
economy. We imagine it would be consequence can be made apparent.
hard for the most determined reformer This is almost always true with re
to shew how , by mere extension of spect to great projects of state . It is
the elective franchise, or any enlarged just one of those fatalities in human
constitution of the legislative body, affairs, which, by demanding an union
an House of Commons could be found of requisites the most opposite, ope
more worthy in this respect, of the rate as a constant check to any pro
public confidence. At a time when gress which tends beyond a certain
party violence has graduated through point. It requires at once the longest
various heights, until at last it seems reach of generalization, and the most
to have reached its acme, it is well to untired capacity for particulars. There
resort to any thing which can excite, is nothing for all thisbut a phalanx in
on fair grounds, a favourable view of our legislative assembly, composed ei
the intelligence and integrity of the ther of men who have known, or may
assembly which makes laws for us. wish to share, the duties of office them
On its reputation for wisdom or folly, selves, and are not only disposed, but
the intellectual character, as well as the able, to criticise acutely the proceed
political spirit of the nation, must in ings of its holders for the time being,
some degree depend. So long as it -or of those who, without any turn
contains men with the literature and for office, or experience of its duties,
habits of gentlemen , what is agreed on have yet sagacity and penetration to
within its walls must have a strong see when the public interests are at
sympathy with what is best in the pub- tended to, andwhen they may be ne
lic: and until the whole of that public, glected , and with this , firmness to
or at least that part of it whose leisure pursue their investigations, and good
and education fits it for making a ready sense and management enough tomake
and decisive opinion on public acts and them understood and appreciated. It
relations, shall become all at once , and is creditable to any country to possess
permanently , wiser orbetter, it isevi- such men ; and we are of opinion, that
dent thatwhat could be done by a it is from their influence that our
reformed House of Commons must de- House of Commons has derived to its
pend more on the spirit, intelligence, proceedings a character of directness
and personal independence, of the un- and sincerity whichappears so greatly
ministerial part of its members, than wanting in newly -formed legislatures
on any newmechanism of the whole elsewhere. While that House has
body. The character, not less almost men who devote their days and nights,
than the existence, of the country, is their ease and their credit, their for
in the hands of its responsible mini- tune and pleasures, to the public inte 1

sters. The country is not, nor cannot rest, itcannever become contemptible 1
be aware , untilfrom the nature of the from the indiscretion of injudicious
thing it is perhaps too late, of how assailants or weak defenders. Among
much both are on occasions commit- those men, the speaker now before us
ted ; and it would be unreasonable to merits, in our humble opinion, a con
expect that the ministers themselves spicuous place.
should be always aware of the true A few circumstances in the history
1817. ] Original Poetry. 405
And meets me alone by the far forest roam THE LESSON .
ing,
To watch the first notes of the nightin ( From the German of Klopstock . )
gale's song. THE Spring, Aëdi, returns in light.
2
When the moon from her fleecy cloud scat The airisisfragra
clear, the heaven blue, the bow'r
nt.
ters
Over ocean her silverylight, Light and soft breathe the gales of the west :
And the whisper of woodlands and waters The hour of the song , Aëdi, returns.
Comes soft through the silenceof night, “ I cannot sing :-my ears are deaf
I love by the haunted tower lonely to linger, With the grasshopper's ceaseless chirp
A -dreaming to Fancy's wild witchery But here let me swing on the bending spray,
given , And gaze on my form in the crystal food
And hear,lightly sweptbyunseenfairy finger, below .”
The harp of the winds with the music
of Heaven . Not sing and thinkst thou thy mother's
3 heart
Yet, oh ! there is something awanting, Can feel no anger ? -
Which Solitude ne'er can supply !* Thou must learn while we joy in the light
For friendship my bosom ispanting of the Spring ;
For looks that to mine might reply : For thousand are the spells of our art ,
I sigh for the friend fired with kindred de. And the days of brightness are few .
votion ,
To worshipwild Nature by mountain and Away from the bending,swinging bough !--
And hear what erst of the spells of our art,
grove The Queen of Nightingales, Orphea, sung :
I sigh for Eliza ! with dearer emotion
Tolighten the home that ishallowed by IButhear,
tremble toandpourthe wondrous
repeat the strainstrain
love ! 1807. E.
Thus sung Orphea :
SONG.
· Pour thy notes let thy strain swell on
the winds !
( From the German. Anonymous. ) Breathe gently, till the sweet-falling tones
Der winter hat mit kalter hand, & c are heard no more !
1. Hurried and loud let them rush through the
waving grove !
' Tis done :-by Winter's icy hand Breathe soft and low , till the sweet tones die
Each summer weed is torn ;
The sweets are fled the wasted land , away ,
The groves their tresses mourn ; 'Mid the opening buds of the rose.'
And allthe painted blooms that blow “ Ah ! I repeat notthe strain ! How canI ?
Are wrapt in winding -sheet of snow . Be not angry, mother ! I repeat not that
2. strain .
Yet, lovely. Howerets ! hope not ye But sung she no more,
From me a dirge of doom , t . The queen of the daughters of Song ?
While still in one dear face I see Sungshe not of that which makes the cheek
Your every beauty bloom , grow pale ,
While still yon eye the Violet shows Which makes the cheek burn , and the fast
Yon cheek the white and damask Rose ! falling tears stream in silence ?”
3.
More , more she sung
What reck I Philomela's song Ah ! that thou hast asked me this ,
Where opening roses blow , How shesung
do I rejoice, Aëdi ! the heart.
Whileblest with strains from Madel's Yes, the song of
tongue
Of sweeter silvery flow ? Now will I seek thee the trees of tenderest
And Madel's breath the breeze outvies boughs,
' Mid hyacinthine groves that sighs ! And bend for thee the quivering spray ,
4. That nearer thou mayst gaze on thy form
And while her lips' expanding glow in the flood .
Mine ardent pressure meets , This, too , she sung
Thestrawberry's purple mocks, and O ! Orphea , the Queen of Songs
Makes poor itsrichest sweets , - The Youth he stood , and wove the wreath ,
WhatcanI ask , O May, of thee ?
My Madel's more than Spring to me. J. F. As he wept it sunk from his hand :
The Maiden stood , and would not weep,
** La Solitude est certainement une belle And gaz'd with tearless eyes on the youth :
chose; mais il y aplaisir d'avoir quelqu '. Thenwak’d the Nightingale thathigher song ,
un qui sache répondre à qui on puisse Which thedeep spirit trembles to hear-
dire de tems en tems que la Solitude est une Then fled the maidto thearms ofthe youth
belle chose.” LA BRUYERE. Then flew the youth to the maiden's arms---
+ Ein sterbelied . They wept in love's delight ! A. B
VOL . I. 3 F
406
Review .~ Grenfell's Speech. [ July
REVIEW OF NEW PUBLICATIONS,

The Speech of Pascoe Grenfell, Esq. in complex ionor consequences of their

the House of Commons, on Tuesday,
own measures. From occupation of
the 13th of February 1816, on cer mind, from a commendable contempt
of small difficulties, and from that
tain transactions subsistingbetwixt inevitable trust of self which pervades
the Public and the Bank of England. human nature,it is clear that, in
With an Appendix. London,Mur giving their minds to the rapid sucees
ray, 8vo. 1816 .
sion of affairs in a great nation like
OF late years the Parliament of Bri- this, ministers must be far advanced
tain has signalized itself by collecting in some ineasure resulting from a pre
and disseminating information on se- ceding one, before even the first out
veral important points of national ward results of that of which it is a
economy. We imagine it would be consequence can be made apparent.
hard for the most determined reformer This is almost always true with ree
to shew how , by mere extension of spect to great projects of state . It is
the elective franchise, or any enlarged just one of those fatalities in human
constitution of the legislative body, affairs, which, by demanding an union
an House of Commons could be found of requisites the most opposite, ope
more worthy in this respect, of the rate as a constant check to any pro
public confidence. At a time when gress which tends beyond a certain
party violence has graduated through point. It requires at once the longest
various heights, until at last it seems reach of generalization, and themost
to have reached its acme, it is well to untired capacity for particulars. There
resort to anything which can excite, is nothing for all thisbut a phalanx in
on fair grounds, afavourable view of our legislative assembly, composed ei
the intelligence and integrity of the ther of men who have known, or may
assembly which makes laws for us. wish to share, the duties of office them
On its reputation for wisdom or folly, selves, and are not only disposed, but
the intellectual character, as well as the able, to criticise acutely the proceed
political spirit of the nation , must in ings of its holders for the time being,
some degree depend. So long as it -or of those who, without any turn
containsmen with the literature and for office, or experience of its duties,
habits of gentlemen , what is agreed on have yet sagacity and penetration to
within its walls must have a strong see when the public interests are at
sympathy withwhat is best in the pub- tended to, andwhen they may be ne
lic: and until the whole of that public, glected , and with this, firmness to
or at least thatpart of it whose leisure pursue their investigations, and good
and education fits it for making a ready sense and management enough tomake
and decisive opinion on public acts and them understood and appreciated. It
relations, shall become all at once, and is creditable to any country to possess
permanently, wiser orbetter, it is evi- such men ; and we are of opinion, that
dent that what could be done by a it is from their influence that our
reformed House of Commons must de- House of Commons has derived to its
pend more on the spirit, intelligence, proceedings a character of directness
and personal independence, of the un- and sincerity which appears so greatly
ministerial part of its members, than wanting in newly - formed legislatures
on any new mechanism of the whole elsewhere. While that House has
body. The character, not less almost men who devote their days and nights,
than the existence, of the country, is their ease and their credit, their for
in the hands of its responsible mini- tune and pleasures, to the public inte
sters. The country is not, nor cannot rest, it can never become contemptible
be aware, untilfrom the nature of the from the indiscretion of injudicious
thing it is perhaps too late, of how assailants or weak defenders. Among
much both are on occasions commit- those men, the speaker now before us
ted ; and it would be unreasonable to merits, in our humble opinion, a con
expect that the ministers themselves spicuous place .
should be always aware of the true A few circumstances in the history
1817.) Review . - Grenfell's Speech. 407

of the Bank of England, previous to bounded the political horizon athome,

Mr Grenfell's investigations, seem banished mercantile confidence.
had
needful for elucidatingtheir scope and Hoards ofgold were everywhere made
object. So long as the Bank continued by the timid and avaricious; and men's
responsible for its issues, by being fears, operating on their interests, made
liable to pay in specie, like any pri- those with small possessions desirous
vate bank, it seems to have beensuffi- of withdrawing their floating paper se
ciently careful and circumspect in its curities for something more tangible,
bargains with the public ; and its ad- in the event of foreign invasion or do
vances to Government and to the mer- mestic tumult. In this situation of
chants seem to have been influenced things, so early as 3d December 1795,
by each other. The discounts were the Court of Directors thus expressed
subject then, as now, to great fluctua- their opinion to Mr Pitt: “ Should
tion . Mr Bosanquet stated to the such a loan take place, they are but too
Lords' Committee, that he had seen well groundedin declaring ( from the
them decrease in amount from a whole actualeffects ofthe Emperor's last loan ,
to a third . So cautious were the di- and the continued drains of specie
rectors in their transactions with Go- and bullion they still experience ) ,that
vernment, as, in 1783, to refusemaking they have the most cogent reasons to
the usual advances on the loan . * In apprehend very momentous and alarma
1782, the highest amount of their ing consequences.” This opinion was
notes in circulation was £ 9,100,000 ; enforced and repeated in two delibe
in 1783 , £7,300,000 ; and in the year rately formal opinions, delivered to the
following, £ 6,700,000. From 1787 to Chancellor of the Exchequer by the
1793, the amounts were eight, nine, Court, on 14th January and 11th Feb
ten , and eleven millions ; in 1794, à ruary 1796. Previous to these dates,
little less than eleven millions ; in the demand for gold from abroad was
1795, £ 13,500,000 ; in 1796, a little very great. The market price of that
more than elevenmillions. From 1777 article was four guineas an ounce,
to 1794, the advances made by the while our coin cost only £3 : 17 : 104 ;
Bank on land, malt, and other Govern , the consequence of which was, that
ment securities, had fluctuated from foreign shipmasters had orders totake
seven to eight and nine millions, never back their returns in specie or bullion,
exceeding £ 9,900,000. In 1795, they and large quantities of English guineas
stood at eleven millions. At the end were melted at Hamburgh and other
of that year, it was understood that Mr ports abroad. At the early part of
Pitt contemplated aloan of £ 3,000,000 that year, so large a loanas six mil.
to the Emperor of Austria. At this lions for Germany, and eighteen for
momentous period, however, the coun- Britain , was expected, and threw the
try began to feel vitally the effects of Bank Directors into the greatest con
its hitherto unparalleled exertions. sternation. They had frequent com
Taxation had cut deeply into a na- munications with Mr Pitt on such
tional capital, which had not been re- small advances as he could persuade
inforced by any temporary expedients, them to give. At an interview , 23d
or excited by artificial stimuli. The October 1795, the Governor of the
pressure of commercial distress, which Bank told him , that another loan of
is always more or less attendant on a magnitude “ would go nigh to ruin
state ofwar, had then been consider the country !” But the most impres
able. Demands for accommodation at sive remonstrance made to the Premier
the Bank had been great. That cor- from the Directors, was one dated
poration , trading on ascertained re- 28th July 1796, on which day a series
sources, had become impressed with of resolutionswere passed in Court, on
the necessity of limiting its issues of an advance of £800,000, of which this
notes, and ofcaution in giving dis- is the conclusion : “ They likewise
counts. The doubtful success of our consent to this measure, in a firm reli
continental alliances against France,
and the spirit * For the principles connectedwith these
brooding over of
thechangewhich seemed
mighty waters that facts, as they bear on the question of the
suspension of cash payments at the Bank,
and its effects on currency and prices, see
Report of the Lords' Committee of sect. 1. of Mr M‘Culloch’s Essay on the
Secrecy on the Causes which produced the Debt.
Order of Council, 26th Feb. 1797, p. 23.
Reduction of the Interest of the National
408 Review .-- Grenfell's Speech. [ July
ance that the repeated promises so fre- port to this country, and, indirectly ,
quently made to them , that the ad- to the civilized world . These, how
vanceson the Treasury bills shouldbe ever, are yet only so far advanced in
completely done away, may be actually their progress ; and it would ill be
fulfilled at the next meeting of Parlia- come passing speculators like us to
ment, and the necessary arrangements attempt to describe its future direc
taken to prevent the same from ever tion . The immediate factwith regard
happening again ; as they conceive it to to the purpose intended by this mea
be an unconstitutional mode of raising sure is, thatit was completely success
money , what they are not warranted ful. Indeed , the untouched resources
by their charter to consent to, and an of this country were, from many causes,
advanee alwaysextremely inconvenient at that time in a state of unparalleled
to themselves .' Towards the close vigour. The more they were probed, it
of 1796, and the beginning of 1797, was found, to use an expression of Mr
the fears of the Bank increased, and Burke's, that “ we were full, even to
Mr Pitt's demands became more ur- plethory.” Taxes to an amount hitherto
gent. On 25th February, the bank- unknown in the history of the world
notes in circulation were £8,640,250 ; were collected with certainty, and with
and next day an order in council was such ease, that their first pressure only
issued , suspendingpayments in specie was felt. All the powers ofEurope who
at the Bank, which was soon after joined in the coalition against France
followed by an act of the Legislature, were subsidized by us, some years
“ restraining the Bank of England nearly to the amount of their own
from paying its obligations in cash .” revenues . The great majority of the
On 1st May 1797, the first issue of landed proprietors, almost all the mer
one and two pound notes was made ; chants and manufacturers, and cer
and at that date the amount of notes in tainlymuch of the rest of the popula
circulation was £ 13,055,800 — a sud- tion , fully concurred in these measures.
den bound of four or five millions from If ever minister could say, that in all
that point which the Directors found he proposed the nation went with
safe while they were called on for him , that minister was Mr Pitt. His
specie. On 27th December 1796, Mr schemes of war and expedients of fi
Pitt stated the probable expenditure of nance were received with a fervour of
the ensuing year at £ 27,647,000, and approbation which seemed to think no
the new taxes to defray the interest of advance too great for the objects in
a loan of £ 18,000,000, to make up view , and only to regret that means
that expenditure, at £ 2,132,000. In alone, however costly, could not ac
1796, we find the highest price of complish them. All of our national
bank stock to have been, on 23d spirit that was sentiment, or emotion ,
January, 1771, and the lowest, on or propensity, tended to utter hatred
24th November, 144. The highest of France, and cordial trust of the
amount of bank notes in circulation high-minded man who had gained the
was £ 11,700,000. In January 1797, it ascendant in our councils. It is with
was only £ 10,500,000 ; and MrGren- the consequences of these measures to
fell states the value of the capital the Bank of England that we have
stock , on an average of the whole now to do ; and they were as follow :
year, only 125 per cent. " The total The Bank of England was, by pub
of the funded debt, in 1796, was lic contract, the agent for managing
£327,071,371 . our debt, and, by parliamentary ap
The suspension of cash payments pointment, the placeof depositfor all
we consider to have been at that pe balances of public money from depart
riod the most important event that ments of revenue or accountantship.
had occurred , from the declaration of In the first of these characters, its
independence by the British American emoluments had increased with the
colonies, if we except the revolution increasing burdens of the country ,
in France itself. All parties are now until for that service alone nearly
agreed on the importance of this sus- £ 300,000 per annum was received ;
pension, though two very distinct opi- and in the second, the Bank has now
nions have been maintained about its had, for eleven years, the custody of
propriety. We humbly imagine, that balances of money, permanently, ave
it was fraught with political and moral raging, on the whole, £ 11,500,000.
consequences of the most serious im- On this large sum the Government
1817.) Review . - Grenfell's Speech . 409
received no interest. It attracted the Mr Grenfell now possesses, we should
attention of the committee on public have had a bargain more advantageous
expenditure in 1807. That commit- to the public. The plain truth , with
tee, in its report, commented with respect to what was really done, is,
equal good sense andability on the that the Bank lent, with an air of sa
advantages which the Bank must de- crifice and self-denial, as the equiva
rive fromsuch a large deposit of mo- lent in a bargain most advantageous
ney . The bank notes in circulation to them , three millions of money to
had then increased to £16,621,390 ; that public, of whose treasure they
and the deposits, which in 1797 had were then in permanent possession of
been only £ 5,130,140 inclusive of sums amounting to more than six mil
private accounts,were, on theGovern- lions ! In 1806this loan became pay
ment account alone, betwixt eleven able. The administration at that time
and twelve millions. Bank stock, did not find it convenient to make the
which had sold in 1800 from 156 to payment, but succeeded in “ prolong
172 per cent., then sold at 230 ing the period of this loan for thethen
strong circumstances," as the com- existing war," at 3 per cent. i.e. paying
mittee observes, “ in confirmation of £ 90,000 per annum for the use of
" * 66
the large increase of profits.” It ap it. ' Why, sir,” says Mr Gren
pears, from the evidence of Mr Samuel fell, addressing the Speaker with most
Thornton before the committee, that excusable animation, 66 at the very
in 1800, when he, as Governor, trans, moment, in 1806, when the Bank re
acted with Mr Pitt a renewal of the quired , and the public most improvi
Bank's charter fortwenty-one years, it dently agreed to pay, £90,000 for the
had not escaped his eagle eye, to urge, use of three millions of money, the
on the part of the public, a right to Bank held , and were in possession of,
participate in the profits of theBank, a treasure belonging to the public
arising, among other things, from amounting to a sum little short of
money lodged there to paythe grow- twelve millions, wholly unproductive
ing dividends, and the quarterly issues to the public, but productive of ad
for redemption of the national debt, vantage to the Bank.” In the year
which “ Mr Pitt estimated, might, 1814, it is most proper to add here,
during the progress of the charter , ac- this loan was repaid , and the interest
cumulate to £ 4,000,000 a quarter.” + on it, amounting, for eight years and
The final bargain made for the public eight months, to £ 780,000 !
was, --for the renewal, and on account As soon as the report of the com
of the advantages from public money mittee on public expenditure made its
enjoyed by the Bank -a, loan of three appearance, Mr Perceval, who was by
millions, without interest, for six that time Chancellor of the Exchequer,
years, “ producing," as Mr Thornton came forward to claim for the public
says, a profit of £900,000 ; but, at a participation in the profits derivable
the then price of annuities, it was from the deposits, and a reduction in
worth only £ 750,000, reckoning £5 the charge for managing the national
per cent. interest of money.” The debt. The Bank agreed to give ano
same gentleman states the average ther loan of three millions without
balance from money lodged for pay- interest ; to allow the withdrawing of
ment of growing dividends, as two half a million of the unclaimed divi.
millions and an half,” and “ on the dends then lying in their hands ; and
66
public accounts at that time, of trilling a reduction equal to about one fourth
amount.” Mr Grenfell, however, has in the then existing charges for the
found out , 66
from statements now management of the debt.” The saving
made by the Bank , ” and avers it in by this arrangement was £242,000 per
his speech, that the money for grow- annum . In 1814 this loan became
ing dividends exceeded £ 3,600,000, due . The present Chancellor of the
and that the trifling deposits were Exchequer prevailed easily on the
£ 1,947,000. If Mr Pitt had pos- Bank to allow the prolongation of it to
sessed , in 1800, the knowledge which 5th April in this year, on the ground
that the public balances had remained
undimin
• See Report, & c. ordered by the House “ ished .”
of Commons to be printed , 10th August We may now venture to state the
1807, pp. 75, 76, 77, 78, and 79.
+ Vide Report, as above, p . 103. * Mr Grenfell's Speech, p. 21.
410 Review . - Grenfell's Speech . [ July
present profits of the Bank, arising vidends, 64 per cent. £7,451,136.*
out of its contracts or transactions with New bank stock, £ 2,910,600, divided
the public. amongst the proprietors in May 1816,
Interest at 5 per cent.on £ 11,500,000 worth 250 per cent. equivalentin mo
of public balances held by the Bank ney to £ 7,276,500. Încreased value
since 1806, £575,000. From which of the capital of £11,642,000,upon an
deduct for a loan of three millions to average of 1797 only 125 per cent.
the public without interest, saving but which is now taken at 250, being
5 per cent., which is £150,000 ; ano- an increase in the market value of
ther of six millions, at 4 per cent. this property of 125 per cent. equiva
saving 1 per cent. £60,000 ; another lent to £ 14,553,000 . “ Thus the total
of three millions, at 3 per cent. saving profit, in addition to the annual divi
2 per cent. £60,000 ; and half a mil- dends of 7 per cent. which had never
lion taken from the unclaimed divi- been exceeded during the first hun
dends, saving 5 per cent. £ 25,000 ; in dred years of the Bank's existence,
all £ 295,000 ;-leaving to the Bank of has been ,intwenty years ,on a capital
England, merely for the safe custody of £11,642,400, the incredible sum of
of the public money, a clear profit of £ 29,280,636 !
£ 280,000 a - year ! The rest of their We have now put our readers in
allowances stand thus: Commission for possession of some striking facts in
making transfers and paying dividends the history ofthis celebrated estab
on the nationaldebt, £ 275,000. Com- lishment, for almost all of which , at
mission on loans and lotteries, £30,000 least for those which are most import
( both these stated as in 1815). Annual ant, we are indebted to the unwearied
allowance, since the erection of the research and perseverance of the au
Bank, for house expenses, £ 4000. An- thor of the Speech before us. That
nual allowance onfour millions of the speech, and the propositions to Par
public debt bought by the Bank in liament on whichit is founded ,t re
1722 from the South Sea Company, solve themselves into three questions.
£ 1898. If to this we add, for sixteen Can the allowances made to the Bank
millions of increase in the circulation be reduced in their amount, with jus
of Bank of England paper, since 26th tice to the Bank and safety to the
February 1797, an annual profit of 5 public ? Can the nation derive farther
per cent. which is £ 800,000, the gross advantage from the large deposits of
returns to our national Bank, from its money lodged at the Bank ? These
transactions with the state , will be objects once found practicable and ex
£ 1,390,898 yearly ! * pedient, What would be the most
The effects of this profitable arrange- effectual and dignified course to be
ment, which has operated so visibly adopted for securing them ?
on that thriving establishment, will On each of these we shall offer such
be seen to the full conviction of our obvious and simple hints as the stinted
readers , when we add a statement of limits of our publication will admit.
the profits realized by Bank proprietors 1st, As to what farther deduction may
during the last twenty years, reckon- be made on the allowance for managing
ing from 1797 ; from which period, the debt, we quote, with deference and
by the increased amount in thepublic satisfaction, from a letter addressedto
expenditure producing such deposits the Treasury, 18th January 1786 , by
of money , andthe increase of the na- the commissioners for auditing public
tional debt, and the increased issue of accounts. “ We take the liberty to
notes, unchecked, until within the suggest (what is indeed very obvious ),
last three years, by any motive of that the commencement of every un
prudence,-over and above the old or- dertaking is usually the most expen
dinary dividend of 7 per cent., there sive ; and consequently, when the
has accrued to that description of per- Bank had once provided additional
sons - In bonuses, and increase of di
* Bonuses distributed among the pro
prietors betwixt June 1799 and October
* It is only fair to state here a saving of 1806 , 32 per cent. Permanent increase
£ 233,720 per annnm, from £ 11,686,000 of dividend, at 3 per cent.per annum , com
advanced to the public from the Bank since mencing in April 1807, is to April 1817,
1746, at 3 per cent. interest, being the con. 10 years' dividends, or 313 per cent. To .
sideration paid on every renewal of their gether, 64 per cent.
charter for their exclusive privileges. + See No 390, Parl. Pro. Sess. 1815.
 1817. ) Review . Grenfell's Speech . 411
clerks, and incurred such other new must be of the highest value. It is to
expenses as might be necessary, the them so much addedto their ordinary
same persons and accommodations ( or capital, without much of the risk or
nearly the same) would be sufficient responsibility to which their floating
to transact the payment of the divi- obligations subject them . For every
dends on several additional millions, thousand of this money in their hands,
without much increase of charges of they are enabled to discount so many
management. We believe that most more bills, or issue so many more notes.
other contractors have found, that a The public service ought instantly to
moderate sum gained on a large quan- be benefitted by them , if the usury
tity of any commodity generally pro- laws are repealed, to an amount ac
duces a greater profit than a higher cording to what may be the average
price on a less quantity: therefore, if rate of interestfor money throughout
£360 was a sufficient allowance when the country . 3dly, Mr Grenfell re
annuities on a capital of one million commends that Parliament should in
only were created , itshould seem that terfere to make a new arrangementfor
the Bank could well undertake the the public ; assigning as a reason, that
like service at a much lower rate , not the influence “ which, though all
only when the public necessitieshave powerful,irresistiblein Downing Street,
unfortunately increased the capital of would be impotent and unavailing
the national debt to the enormous load within the walls of the House." 66 Is
of two hundred millions, * but also not,” says he, with the same anima
when the consolidation of a variety of tion which we spoke of before , " Is
annuities must have lessened both the not your whole financial history, dur
trouble and expense attending the ma- ing the last twenty years, filled with
nagement thereof." The Bank has proofs of this influence ? It is then in
incurred, within the lasttwentyyears, this House, and through the medium of
a very great expense for additional this House only, that the interests and
hands, and more accommodation to rights of the public can be secured in
the public business ; and no one can all negotiations of this nature with the
deny that it is executed unexception- Bank ; and I repeat it, if the House of
ably well. Butthese views of the Commons will interfere, my conviction
committeeare still applicable as prin- is, that the Bank will not resist. If,
ciples. The allowance of £4000 for however, I should be disappointed in
house expenses was strongly adverted this expectation, and if the Bank,un
to for discontinuance, in the end of mindful of what it owes to the public,
1807, by Mr Perceval, in his corre- ---forgetting that it has duties to per
spondence with the Bank at that time. form towards the public, as well as
The same reasons exist now ; and in- within the limited circle of itsown pro
deed,the authority of that very acute prietors, Iwill go farther, and as a
and able manis sufficient to those who proprietor of bank stock myself, add,
know , that if his leisure from the mul- that if the Bank, taking anarrow , con
tifarious calls of state had permitted tracted , selfish ,and therefore mistaken,
him to turn a full attention to the view of its own real permanent inter
affairs of the Bank, he would have ests, should resist regulations founded
insisted on a thorough sifting and re- in fairness, equity, and justice ,-in
vision of their bargains. The allow- such a state of things, sir, I say it
ance for the debt purchased of the must be a consolation to us to know ,
South Sea Company, is one which and I assert it confidently, that we
ought to cease instantly, on the plain have a remedy within our own reach ."
ground that all management on it has p. 60. As to theprofitsaccruing from
ceased since 1722. 2dly, the deposits the paper circulation of the Bank, of
of public money lying at the Bank which we hope the country will con
are just so many millions of capital tinue to enjoy the advantages, under
taken from the productive labour and due modifications,* Mr Ricardo is of
productive capital of the country ,where
they might at least be useful, and soon ,We hope to be able to announce very
from our
lodgedwith a great corporation whose nomistsof the time,an
pen of one of the ablest eco
Essay,shewing that
trade is money, and to whom they a large coinageofgold wouldbe an unpro
ductive fixation of capital,and therefore hurt
That truly “ enormous load" is now ful to the state . For the happiest idea that
nearly 860 millions ! ever was conceived , of a currency liable to
412 Review . - Grenfell's Speech. [ July
opinion , that paper money affords a during the occupation of mind so na
seignorage equal to its exchangeable turally produced by the vast concerns
value ; and he also believes, that the of the war. · The author of these dis
nation might gain two millions yearly, cussions, to whom all the merit is due,
if it were thesole issuer of paper money. and who might be excused for any
He wisely adds, that this would only partiality to his own inquiries, or ar
be safe under the guidance of “ com dour in the pursuit of their objects,
missioners responsible to Parliament shews exemplary moderation. He has
only .” Mr Grenfell's recommendation taken them up without violence or
of parliamentary interference is good . faction , but with the urbanity and de
That is, indeed, the truly constitu- cision of an English gentleman. He
tional mode. Every exertion of the has not over -estimated their import
kind is so much gained towards en- ance; and his statements are remark
suring a considerate use of the public able for perspicuity and plainness,
treasure, and a strict control over it in without the least shade of laboured
future , as matter of duty and honest comment or ostentatious deduction .
emulation, on the part of those who He deals not in splendid generaliza
have been recognised, since the Revo- tions, nor in well- turned invectives ad.
lution, as its guardians. captandum vulgus. We entreat the
We have now gone over the prin- early attention of our readers to the
cipal matters of these questions. For Speech itself, and to the Appendix, in
the rest we refer to Mr Grenfell, who which they will find a variety of essen
has invested the subject with attrac- tial statement and explanation, for
tions of manner to which we cannot which we could not possibly make
aspire. To his interference in the busi room .
ness this country is indebted for a sav- Mr Grenfell was a member of the
ing of £ 180,000 yearly , a thing of bullion committee, and enjoyed the
greater importance than those whoare friendship of Mr Horner. In a letter
occupied with the taking but doubtful written lately to a correspondent in
66
schemes of a more extended patriot this place, he says, the sanction of
ism could be easily led to acknow- his great authority, and his unvaried
ledge. Nice calculations of political countenance and approbation of my
arithmetic, however, and even the humble exertions in this cause , in
most refined inquiries of political eco- spired me with a confidence as to the
nomy, come now , with direct force, to correctness of my own views, which
the ordinary business and interests of has been most essential to me.” We
all those who have, in common par- knew, ourselves, enough of that most
lance, a stake in the country ; and we excellent person, to perceive that this
might even add , to those also who is a great deal for any man to say.
have nothing but life and libertyto The privileges and advantages which
care for, and whose interest in the it implies can only be equalled by in
cause ofgood government is the ulti- tercourse with one of themost original
mate andthe extreme. and inventive writers on politicaleco
We know, from thevery best autho- nomy since the time of Adam Smith;*
rity, that Lord Grenville ,much to the whose speculations on the great sub
credit of his sense and candour, has jects of human interest with which
recently taken blame to himself for that science is especially connected,
not looking narrowly enough into the have much of the strictness and seve
affairs of the Bank in 1806-7, when rity of mathematical demonstration ;
he was at the head of the Treasury, and who bids fair to give to its most
and Mr Vansittart secretary under practical deductions more shape and
him. The truth is, we believe, that certainty than they have received from
ministers only overlooked this subject any writer of his day.
no variations except such as affect the stan- Mr Ricardo, who is the friend of Mr
dard itself, we refer to the novel, solid, and Grenfell, seconded his resolutions proposed
ingenious reasons urged in Mr Ricardo's to the Court of Proprietors at the Bank ,
Proposals. There also the reader will find 230 May 1816, and speaks with respect of
the practical developement of this fortunate his exertions for the public. See Proposals
conception made out with uncommon close- for an Economical and Secure Currency ,
ness, clearness, and simplicity. P. 42.
 1817.) Review.Life of William Hutton . 413
many of the absurdi
The Life of William Hutton , F.A.S.S. gravity, andaccomp
including a particular Account of the ties, which any the decline of
life. He is serious, egotistical, and
Riots at Birmingham in 1791 ; to vainsentences absolute ly tedious
which is subjoined the History of his , -- never are short,and his reason
; for
his Family , written by himself, and
published by his Daughter, Catha- ing obvious, pointed,and, at least in
opinion, quite conclusi
rine Hutton . 8vo. pp. 400. Lon his own ve.
don, Baldwin & Co. We cannot make room for long ex
tracts , but the character of Phebe
The Life of William Hutton ought Brown, as recorded by MrHutton,
to obtain a place next to the Memoirs accords so well with someothercha
of Dr Franklin , in the libraries of all racters already described in our mis
aspiring young men who areentering cellany, that we cannotresist the
uponbusiness, or activelife. Ifthey temptation of transcribing it at full
find nothi elega
ng very thecom length .
nt in
volumes,veryskilful “ But the .greate
e Brown st wonde
Shewas fivefeet saw
r I six was
inche
positionofthese
inthe arra incid
ngement of the
Pheb
aboutthirty
ents, inheight, is proportions
,well
or very great and striking in the inci- ed,round faced andruddy, has adark pe
dents themselves, they will be pleas- netrating eye, which, the moment it fixes
ed and edified by the simple picture of upon your face, sees your character, and
human life which is there delineated, that with precision. Her step ( pardon the
the characters of truth and nature Irishism ) is more manly than a man's, and
which are impressed on every line, can cover forty miles a -day. Her common
dress is a man's hat, coat, with a spencer
and, abovwhiall, by the animatin con marr
firm ation e ch it affords of agtruth over ied, I belie
it, and ve sheis
men's shoes. a
Asstra
shengerto
is un
very generally acknowledged , and al- breeches.
most as generally neglected, that there “ She can lift one hundred weight in each
is scarcely an obstacle placed in the hand, and carry fourteen score ; can sew,
path to indepen dence and respectabi- knit, cook , and spin ; but hates them all,
lity, which may not be surmounted by and every accompaniment to the female
honesty, economy, and perseverance . character, that of modesty excepted . A
The narrative is simple, perhaps to a gentleman at the New Bath had recently
fault, but always assumes an earnes treated herrudely , “ She had a good mind to
have knocked him down .' She assured me,
or playful tone, with the most judici • she She gives
what fear was .' man
never knewoffersto
ous conformity to the importance or no affron t, but fight any who
frivolity of the incidents related. The gives her one. If she never has fought,
author attempts to interest his readers perhaps it is owing to the insulter having
by no complicated maneuvres, no po- been a coward, for the man of courage
litical intrigues, no marvellous adven- would disdain to offer an insult to a female.
tures ;-he gives them the unadorned “ Phebe has strong sense , an excellent
history of his own struggles up a judgment, says smart things, and supports
mountain of difficulties,-yet the cir an easy freedom in all companies. Her
voicd.
cumstances in which he is placed are tone more the
e is With mascin
thanwind ulin it isur,deep
here, favo she
sometimes so uncommon , as to appear can send it a mile ; she has neither beard
almost incredible. The mode in which
prominenmanual
nor kindof ce of breast ; she
labour, undertakthe
as holding es
he ushered himself into life, is perhaps any
unparalleled in the annals of biogra- plough, driving a team , thatching the barn,
phy. We were particularly delighted usingthe flail, & c.; but herchief avocation
with the sly humour which charac- isbreaking horses, for which she charges a
terizes his juve
tions of his remanileyea
rks on theandtran
rs, whisac-
ch
guineaut aa-week
judge of a saddle,
witho
each. She always rides
is thoug
horseor cow ht to be the best
in thecountry, and
presents the interesting picture of an freque emplo to purchase for
old man , looking back with pleasure isothers at ntly
the neigh yedngfairs.
bouri
on the years of childhood, yet regard- “ She is fond of Milton, Pope, and
ing the foibles and frivolities of that Shakespeare, also of music ; is self-taught,
light-hearted age with a mixture of and performs onseveral instruments, as the
complacency and derision . While he flute, violin , and harpsichord, and supports
describes the years of youth and vani- thebass-viol in Mallock church. She is
ty, hissarcastic humo urand self-gra- shoulder . She cats no beef orpork,and
a marks -woman , and carries a gun on her
tulation still blend in happy unison but little mutton . Her chief food is milk ,
with his theme. In old age, again , which is also her drink, discarding wine,
we find him represented with all the ale, and spirits .”
Vol . I.
3 G
 414 Review.View of the British and American Constitution . [ July
One quality distinguishes this me- Long after its burial in the dust of
moir, which, in a work offiction , would oblivion, advertisements of its exist
be an unpardonable fault; but which ence continued to infest the public
seems almost inseparable from bio- prints. We believe the intention to
graphy, written by thesubject of it have been good, though such behavi
himself, from recollection. It ad- our on the part of the bookseller had
verts constantly to the future, so that the appearance of scorn and mockery.
public mind,
the reader, prepared for every event Thereis, however, in thefeeling,
before it occurs, hears it without sur- a generous and humane which
prise, and of course without much in- rises up indignantly against any at
terest. tempt, real or apparent, to disturb the
Upon the whole, we have perused ashes of the dead. This was most
these volumes with much satisfaction. strikingly exemplified on the death of
The man who had a perfect recollec- that pamphlet. The whole affair was
tion of the incidents of every day for hushed up, and, in an incredibly short
the long space of ninety years, must time, the offence was forgotten among --
have been such a living chronicle as the other enormities of the day.
shall rarely be seen again . He had There was, in truth, something
beheld whole generations fade away rather affecting in the “simple annals”
from the face of the earth , and his of its history . Its conception was, no
early and intimate acquaintance for- doubt, accomplished by severe and
gotten as if they had never been . arduous efforts, and its birth attended
with “ difficulty and labour hard ;”
but no sooner had it beheld the light
Comparative View of the British and of day,and breathed the air of heaven ,
American Constitutions ; with Ob- than , like those mysterious animals,
servations on the Present State of which , it is said, have been dug out
British Politics, and of the probable of solid rocks from the bowels of the
consequences of introducing into Great earth, allsymptoms oflife and anima
Britain the mode of suffrage that tion fled for ever, and it sunk into the
exists in the United States ; by a incommunicable sleep of death, from
Gentleman some years resident in the which all subsequent endeavours to
United States. 8vo. Edinburgh, rouse it have proved vain and profit
Ballantyne. less. It was consigned to the grave in
the same blue covering in which it
This Pamphlet is not well calculat- was ushered into the world , and “ its
ed for circulation ; it is by much too name shall be its monument alone. ”
heavy. It is considerably heavier even Indeed , but for those injudicious
than the author's former production , advertisements before alluded to, its
“ A View of the State of Parties in parturition and funeral rites might
America .” That essay could not be have been contemporaneous, and it
made to circulate, it was, “ by its own would have passed through this world
weight, immoveable and stedfast." of care and sorrow without spot, and
The few copies that were carried off blameless, " alike unknowing and un
by main force from the shop of the known .” But notwithstanding the
bookseller (in that case erroneously impertinent interference of the news
styled the publisher ), on being re- papers, in a matter which was intend
moved to the houses of the several ed to be entirely confidential between
purchasers, immediately assumed a de- the author and the public, the latter,
termined character, and became fix- it must be confessed , behaved with
tures. Indeed, we recollect a case in unusual delicacy and honour ; the
which the pamphlet was considered in secrets which had been confided to it
that light, and, along with articles of it faithfully kept, and no further notice
a similar kind, transferred to the pur- was taken of the matter.
chaser of a new tenement along with But if, as we have already stated,
the tenement itself, where it remains the weight of that pamphlet rendered
to the present hour, “ like Teneriffe it unpublishable “ either by moral or
or Atlas, unremoved . physical strength ,” how can this one,
The violence of the effort to create which is certainly heavier, be supposed
circulation was proportioned to the capable of publication ? No author has
weight of the object. But nothing bookseller.
could overcome the " Vis inertiæ.'
a rightto request impossibilities of his
Mr John Ballantyne may
1817.) Review . - Bower of Spring, 8c. 415

seemingly acquiesce in the views of will communicate to us a short state

Mr Samuel M Cormack, and, with his ment of its supposed contents, we shall
characteristic boldness, make an at- lay it before the public in our next
tempt at publication. But mark our Number.
words :- The publication will not take We have not scrupled to mention
place. We have seen theattempt made the author's name ( Samuel M‘Cor
upon one copy, which has for three mack, Esq. one of his Majesty's Ad
months resisted the most strenuous vocates -depute for Scotland), because
efforts of a spirited publisher. That he has openly avowed it. The Depute,
copy is not heavier than its brethren ; however, is a sort of male coquette,
but there, we are afraid , “ sedet eter : and loves to dally with the public.
numque sedebit.” At first many per- He puts on his mask, and for a while
sons looked at it - some touched it- wears it with an air of mysterious se
a few attempted to lift it — and one crecy, till, feeling uneasy at the con
gentleman from Tweeddale, a man of cealment, he takes it slily off before a
prodigious personal strength, actually circle of chosen admirers; then, sigh
raised it several inches from the table. ing after nobler and more extensive
Nothing, however, but the same seven- conquests, he flings back his veil of
horse power that brought it into the foolscap, and exhibits to the public
shop will be effectual for its removal. gaze features sparkling with all the
But to be serious. We declare, on fascination of conscious beauty.
our word of honour, that we have read
this pamphlet, and think we can put
any gentleman of a soundconstitution The Bower ofSpring, with other Poems.
on a plan by which he will be able to By the Author of “ The Paradise of
perform the same achievement. Let Coquettes." Constable
Small 8vo.& Co.
pp. 156.
him on no account presume to read Edinburgh,
the affair in the usual way, straight
on from beginning to end; but let him This smart little volume strikes us as
swallow a small dose of the beginning a sort of phenomenon . It has been
an hour before breakfast. Let the plainly broughtout to suit the season ;
patient then take a sharp walk of a and, with a good deal of that elegant
couple of miles, and a hearty break- lightness and calm gaiety which may,
fast. About twelve o'clock in the fore- be caught in the atmosphere of ladies'
noon, let him take a few pages from drawing -rooms, and selectliterary co
the end of the pamphlet, thefrothy teries, is highly suited to the taste and
and watery nature of which will help habits of those happy persons who can
him to digest the crudities of the be- spare no time even for such studies,
ginning. The middle part may be until they find that almost all their
taken about an hour before going to decent neighbours have left town, and
bed : it is a soft pulpy substance, with- that the invidious long day of a for
out any taste whatever ; and in the ward spring has bereft them of flam
morningthe patient will awake fit for beaux, rattling squares, and busy routs.
the usual occupations of the day. Notwithstanding this favourable con
There is yetanother mode ofgetting juncture, we are afraid that these
over this affair, which we can safely re- poems run more than an ordinary
commend on the authority ofajudicious hazard of being overlooked by those
friend , who speaks of it in the highest who may not know the author from
terms. Beginboldly at the beginning, that gorgeous piece of fancy whichhe
but instead of turning over one leaf at has chosen for his distinctive appella
a time, turn over two or more. The tion. The essential characters of both
effect produced upon our friend's mind are nearly alike, allowing a little for
by this mode of perusal was almost difference of subject and machinery ;
the same as that which we ourselves and as the author has defended his
experienced from the usual straight system with much vivacity, in a pre
forward method ; and to readers of face to the Paradise of Coquettes, ex
weakly constitutions we would recom- tending to fifty -six pages , and con
mendit as preferable to our own. taining as much wit and beautifully
We find that we have not given a flowing English as might enliven
very full account of the matter of this wholevolumes of criticism or apology,
pamphlet. If, however, either the we must make so free with him as to
author himself, or any of his friends, state our notions.
416 Review . - Bower of Spring , &c. [ July
To our plain understandings, then, of our own age we do not take to be
it seems, that all POETRY must be greater than that of those which have
pathetic, according to the good old preceded it ; but we venture to assert,
etymology of the word , which renders that it has a keener taste for deep
it significant, not merely of a tender toned emotion, and high -raised ex
pity for distress, but of sympathy with citement. Now, as we firmly believe
all the emerging varieties of human this, we never expect to see our au
passion, -or highly descriptive of na- thor leading a school. His great work
ture, in her loveliest hues and situa- is an effort, through nine parts, to be
tions -
,or discursive, between nature gay. It has something of the un
and passion ,-looking abroad on na- meaning flutter of a very fine lady,
ture and the seasons as they are asso- mixed with more of the watchful and
ciated with human feelings,- orrecur- provoking acuteness of a practised me
ring, from the contemplation ofobjects, taphysician. Almost every second line
to the mind, with a deep -felt impres- contains a nicely balanced antithesis ;
sion, that, in the ceaseless march of and the wit, with which it really spar
time, nature is still as fair as if there kles till the eyes dazzle, is so quick
were neither sorrowing nor crime and fleeting, and so shadowed out,
among mankind. To what part of that the mind racks itself in attempte
this category the poetry of the author ing to grasp its intent. The epithets
of the “ Paradise of Coquettes”should are for the most part exquisitely
be referred , we know not. Nothing happy, and wonderfully new . The
seems to us more decisive of the char verse is so uniformly adjusted , by a
acter of this restless age, than the complete and careful rythmus, as sel
tendency which that formerly sympa- dom or never to offend, by a harsh
the ticrace of the genus irritabile vatum note , or an unfinished cadence,-but
now has to separate into schools. Each rather to astonish by some fine breaks,
school has a separate language, and and artificial collocations, more like
separate systemsand sympathies of its those in the majestic blank verse of
own .
The grand ambition of our au- Milton, than any thing in the unvaried
thor appears to be, that he may become measure of couplets. The machinery
the founder and the head of a new is nicely culled from all those adjuncts
school. It is difficult catch the and circumstances with which earthly
evanescent varieties of his manner ; coquettes are surrounded , or which can
but we must try , that our readers be supposed in that “ Paradise of her
may know what they should expect kindred immortals, ” to which the au
in the fulness of time, when it will be thor ultimately conducts his heroine.
unfashionable not to be able to refer He could find no appropriateterm for
to the Paradise of Coquettes for au- all this, but “ the light and playful
thority. species of epic ." Yetwith this inge
It hasall the trim gracefulness and nious preparation, and all these nega
measured vivacity of Pope, without tive qualities of poetry ,-when we take
the unconscious music of his manner ; up these volumes, 99
and is, to a wonderful nicety, just “ We start, for soul is wanting there."
such a production , in every respect, There is ease which does not pro
as a wordy and ambitious member of duce ease ; there is gaiety which does
that sect might be supposed to ven- not excite spirits in the reader ; there
ture out with in these cloudy times, are no bursts of inspiration ,-- almost
could he be produced to us with his no passages that are beautiful as well
broad hand - ruffles, and tall amber- as brilliant, -- and no occasions on
headed cane. Times and propensities, which we find any thing like an easy
however, are essentially altered . Pope falling in with those ordinary trains
caught the tone of society at one hap- of thought that are the very staple of
py stroke. After the lapse of an hun- poetry . There is rather more of a
dred years, his Rape of the Lock is a very elegant languor,-- and ready quick
model for pleasant raillery and easy ness of apprehension as to the deve
satireas the letters of his friend, Lady lopement and shadowing out of ideas
Mary Wortley Montague, are patterns which are the least tangibly related, -
of acuteness of remark with negligence than of a healthful sensibility, or
of manner . But the huut ton of so- much freshness, as well as depth of
ciety has now ceased to be the haut natural cmotion. There is so much
ton of letters. The moral enthusiasm purity and delicacy, and such a choice
1817.) Review . - Eccentricitiesfor Edinburgh, &c. 417

of topics ofillustration , that the author For thisscatter'd

she culled, with eager care,
seems to deal out any illusion to the The glories of her plan ,--
conventional realities of a rough and All thai adorns the softer fair ,
All that exalts the prouder man :
vulgar world as tokens only of smart
ness or sagacity. He seems not to And gay she triumphed ,-- now no more
write for the average of readers who Her works shall daring systems bound ;
delight in Lord Byron's poetry. He As though her skill inventive o'er,
would appear tocount rather on a cri- She only trac'd the forms she found.
tical wonder at difficulties of manner , In vain to seek a kindred race ,
and choice of subject overcome, -or Tir'd through her mazyrealms I stray
an admiration of chaste effect and Where shall I rank my radiant place ?
polished finishing,—than on the ra- Thou dear perplexing creature ! say !
pidly excited sympathy , —the undiscri Thy smile sosoft,thy heart so kind ,
minating enthusiasm of ordinary men. Thy voice for pity's tones so fit,
It is notenough that such productions Allspeak thee woman ; but thy mind
are those of a most ingenious and a Lifts thee where Bards and Sages sit.”
most amiable man , who has the rare
merit of being not only perhaps the
& c. By
most acute among the ingenious, but Eccentricities for Edinburgh,You
one of the very best among the acute . GEORGE COLMAN the nger.
Every poet writes for fame; and, in Foolscap 8vo. Edinburgh , Ballan
this respect, poetry is not, like virtue, tyne, 1817 .
its own reward . The man, therefore, Mr Colman's poetical productions
who submits himself “ arbitrio popu- are chiefly remarkable for two things :
laris auræ ," with more than two or in the first place, one half of his verses
three trials of a style and manner in are generally without any meaning
poetry which are found to be any thing whatever; and to make up for this,
rather than popular, or even generally he contrives, in the second place, to
relished among the more respectful endow the other half with what the
and indulgent race of critics, must French call double meanings, -- that is,
submit to mediocrityof praise,—the licentious,vulgar, and disgusting ideas,
“ unkindest cut of all ” to generous disguised ( inMrC.'s case, very slightly )
minds. And no friend can see a per- under equivocal or ambiguous terms.
son of real talent come to this, without
In justice to Mr Colman's taste, we
feeling even more than the force of a must add, that there is sometimes a
great poet's anathema, third part of unpalliated grossness ;
“ Mediocribus esse poetis though we mention this with some
Non homines, non Dü,non concessere co . hesitation, because our apology for
lumnæ .” alluding to him at all, namely, the
There are some agreeable " copies plan he has adopted for localizing the
of verses” in the same volume with present effusion, may, after that, we
the Bower of Spring ; but we have fear, scarcely be sustained by our more
already saidso much of it and its fa respectable readers. These Eccentri
voured predecessor, as to have no room citiesare exactly suchas have been pro
left for any quotations from either. duced by heads of the same altitude,
All that we can give is an extract from and morals of the same standard , down
verses addressed to Mrs Stewart, the from Haywood's days. Edinburgh, it
lady of Mr Dugald Stewart,which seems, had resisted all his attacks in
are whimsically enough denominated print, and hisbooks could never pene
“ The Non - DESCRIPT - To a very trate beyond the Border: he was there
con fore advised to steal in in manuscript;
charming Monster,”
tain nothing whimsical or which
— but unfounded and his employers ( for his genius re
in their praise. sembling a hotbed , where the ster
coraceous heat produces, in a few
“ Thou nameless loveliness, whose mind, hours, abundance of insipid vegetables ;
With every grace to sooth , to warm, the booksellers, when they need a sup
Has lavish Nature bless'd , and 'shrin'd ply, appoint him time and subject)
The sweetness in as soft a form ! invented, as heinforms us, the lying
Say on what wonder-bearing soil designation in the title. Mr Colman
Her sportive malicewroughtthy frame, is now an old man - and ought to be
That haughty science long might toil, otherwise occupied than in writing dog
Nor learn to fix thy doubtful name ! gerel verses for the vulgar and the vile.
418 Literary and Scientific Intelligence. [July
LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INTELLIGENCE .

From the observations made by Pro- higher than the far - famed summit of
fessor Jameson, it would appear, that Mont Blanc.
augite, hitherto considered a rare mineral , A monstrous birth is stated to have
is very generally and abundantly distri. taken place in the city of Jyopre : the wife
buted throughout Scotland. of a Bramin , named Kishun Ram, had
It is much to be regretted that we pos- been brought to bed of a girl with four
sess no mineralogical map of Scotland. faces and four legs. When this ominous
Mr Smith , an industrious and intelligent circumstance was related to the Rajah ,
surveyor, has published a mineralogical he instantly ordered a charitable donation
map of England and Wales , which , al. to be made to the poor, to avert the cala
though incomplete, is a creditable work mity which such an occurrence was sup
for a single individual. The public anx- posed to threaten . - Ceylon Gaz.
iously expect the promised map of Eng. Mr Stanley Griswold, in the New York
land, from the active and intelligent pre- Medical Repository, informs us, that
sident of the Geological Society of Lon- earthquakes, extending for more than an
don , Mr Greenough . Professor Jameson hundred miles, are occasionally produc
has been for several years collecting ma- ed by the combustion of beds of coal in
terials for a general mineralogical map of marshy places.
Scotland ; and it is expected , that he will New Barometer. Weunderstand that
soon communicate the result of his la. an instrument has lately been invented
bours to the public. by our very ingenious townsman , Mr
The celebrated traveller, Baron Von Alexander Adie, optician , which answers
Buch , is now printing, in London , a all the purposes of the common barome
Mineralogical Account of the Canary Is- ter, and has the advantage of being much
lands, which, it is confidently expected , more portable, and much less liable to
will prove a classical work on the natural accident. In this instrument the move
history of volcanoes. In the same work , able column is oil, enclosing in a tube a
he will treat particularly on the geo. portion of nitrogen , which changes its
graphical and physical ' distribution of bulk according to the density of the at.
these nearly-tropical isles in which in mosphere. Mr Adie has given it the
vestigation he will be materially assisted name of sympiesometer (or measure of
by the observations of the companion in compression ). One of these new instru
his voyage, the late excellent but unfor. ments was taken to India in the Bucking
tunate Dr Smith of Christiana, who per- hamshire of Greenock , and by the direc
ished in the calamitous expedition up tions of Captain Christian , corresponding
the Congo . observations were made on it, and on the
Mr Bouë of Hamburgh , an active and common marine barometer, every three
intelligent disciple ofthe Edinburgh school hours during the voyage. The result,
of Natural History , is about to publish a we are informed , was entirely satisfac
Tract of the Physical and Geographical tory—the new instrument remaining un
Distribution of the plants of Scotland. affected by the most violent motion of the
We ought to have noticed , in a former • ship. We may add, that the sympieso
Number, the Map of the County of meter may be made of dimensions so
Edinburgh, by Mr Knox. It is on four small as to be easily carried in the pocket,
sheets, well engraven , and exhibits in a so that it is likely to become a valuable
lucid and accurate manner, the Physiog- acquisition to the geologist.
nomy of that portion of Scotland. We The Glasgow Astronomical Society has
would recommend it to the attention of lately procured a solar microscope from
those who are interested in geographical Dolland, the largest that celebrated opti.
and geological researches, and the more cian has ever constructed. It is exhibit
so, as we understand that it is to be ed to most advantage betwixt eleven and
illustrated by a Memoir from the Pro- two o'clock , during which hours the sun
fessor of Natural History in the Univer- is in the best position for observing it.
sity of Edinburgh. The first trial of this superb instrument
Mont Blanc , hitherto considered as the disclosed some wonderful phenomena ;
highest mountain in the old world , is hundreds of insects were discovered de
now far eclipsed by the lofty ranges of vouring the body of a gnat. These ani.
the Himmalah, which rise 27,000 feet malcula were magnified so as to appear
above the sea. Even the Elbrus, a nine inches long, their actual size being
European mountain , measured by Wis- somewhat less than the fourteen hun .
nievsky, is said to be 2,500 French feet dredth part of an inch . The mineral
 1817.] Literary and Scientific Intelligence. 419

kingdom afforded another display of brile extraordinary case of a soldier who sur
liant objects ; their crystalization , and vived forty - nine hours after receiving a
the splendour of their colouring, exceed bayonet -wound of the heart; but a gun.
any thing the most lively imagination shot wound of the heart affords a still
can conceive. more striking example of the great ex
Mr E. Donovan , the ingenious author tent to which this vital organ may sustain
of a serịes of interesting works illustra- an injury from external violence, without
tive of the Natural History of Britain, its functions being immediately destroyed ,
and proprietor of the museum of Natural or even permanently impaired.
History in Fleet street, has announced Fusion of Wood Tin .-- Dr Clarke of
his intention of selling that collection by Cambridge has made a curious addition
public auction in the beginning of next to our knowledge respecting wood tin.
year, unless it shall have been previously When exposed to the action of his power .
disposed of. He states that it has cost ful oxygen and hydrogen blow-pipe, it
him the labour of thirty years , and an fuses completely , acquires a colour near
expense of more than £15,000. ly similar to that of plumbago, with a
Sir Edward Home has submitted to very strong metallic lustre. Dr Clarke
the Royal Society a paper on the nature was so obliging as to give me some spe
and effects of an infusion of colchicum cimens of wood tin thus fused . It was
autumnale and eau medicinale on the hu- very hard ; as far as I could judge , near
man constitution in cases of gout. He ly as much so as common tin-stone . It
found from experiments, that the sedi. was brittle , and easily reducible to a fine
ment of the latter is excessively drastic powder . I found it not in the least act
and severe , while that of the infusion of ed on by nitric acid, muriatic acid , and
colchicum possesses about half the strength nitro -muriatic acid , even when assisted
of the former ; and that the clear tinc- by heat . Hence , it must still continue
ture of both is equally efficacious in cur- in the state of an oxide .
ing gout without being so dreadfully de- The circumstance , that wood tin (and
structive to the constitution . The result probably tin stone also (acquires a me
therefore of these experiments is, that tallic lustre when fused , seems to decide
the clear fluid , either of the vinous infu .a subject which has been agitated in this
sion of colchicum or of the eau medicinale , country with much keenness . It was
may be taken with equal advantage to asserted by Dr Hutton , and is still main
the health , and much less injury to the tained by his followers, that all granite
body ; but that of the former is much the has been in a state of igneous fusion .
milder of the two. From Dr Clarke's experiment, it may be
Mr John Davy has detailed , in a letter inferred , with considerable confidence,
to his brother, Sir Humphry Davy , many that the granite in which the ores of
new and curious experiments and obser- tin occur has never been in a state of
vations on the temperature and specific fusion.-- Thomson's Annals, No 55.
gravity of the sea , made during a voyage
to Ceylon. From these it appears, that FRANCE.

the specific gravity of the sea is nearly Theories of the Earth. Many of the
the same every where ; that the temper. fanciful theories of our globe, founded
ature is generally highest about noon ; upon false conclusions, drawn from the
that it is higher during a storm , but that repeated discovery of fresh water shells
in this case the period of the highest tem- and marine shells being found together
perature is somewhat later. He has in the same strata, are likely to be set at
found that shallow water is colder than nought by an experiment of M. Bendant
deep ; so that by this difference seamen of Marseilles, from whence it results,
may discover, at night, when they ap- that fresh water or marine molluscæ will
proach either shoals, banks, or the shore. live in either medium , if habituated to
On approaching the coast the water was it gradually ; but with some few excep
always found to be two degrees colder tions.
than when in the open sea. The Society for Elementary Instruction
In August last , a buck that was re- in France lately held a public meeting
markably fat and healthy in condition , at the Hotel de Ville of Paris. From
was killed in Bradby park , and, on open- the reports read by the secretaries it ap
ing him , it was discovered that , at some pears, that during the past year the new
distant tiine , he had been shot in the method of instruction has made great
heart ; for a ball was contained in a cyst progress both in Paris and the provinces,
and there is every reason to hope that it
in the substance of that viscus , about
two inches from the apex , weighing will soon become general. In the capital
292 grains, and beaten quite flat . In there are 15 schools in full activity ; one
the second volume of the Medico - Chi. of them has 333 scholars. · The Prefect
rurgical Transactions, is published an of the department of the Seine has ef.
420 Literary and Scientific Intelligence. [ July
fected the establishment of two normal presented to the Society a vase of plati
schools , one for training masters, and the num, purified according to the process
other mistresses . The country towns of M. Breant , assayer to the mint, which
want nothing but teachers to found in- is formed of one single lcaf without sol.
stitutions similar to those of Paris : and dering ; contains 160 litres, and weighs
in several places, societies numbering 154 kilogrammes (31 lbs.). The cost is
more than 700 subscribers have been 18 francs per ounce. The vase is intend
formed . The methods of Bell and Lan . ed to be employed in the concentration
caster have been combined , and improved of sulphuric acid. It is but just, the Re
in various respects. In the garrison port adds, to observe that Janety the
towns a beginning has been made to ap- younger was the first to fabricate vases
ply the new method to the education of of platinum of a large size, but not with
soldiers' children. The minister of the out soldering. This artist furnishes the
interior has sent out teachers to the Isle metal at present at 14 francs the ounce,
of Bourbon, Senegal, and Corsica. Swiss, either in plate or wire.
Spaniards, Italians, and Russians, have The most remarkable of the new in
come to Paris to learn the new method ; ventions which have been submitted to
so that we may fairly presume, that the the Society , is one of a portable anemo.
benefits of this system , which originated meter, constructed by M. Regnier. The
in England, will soon be diffused over all idea of it was suggested to the inventor
Europe. The Society of Paris speaks in by M. Buffon. It has been applied in a
high terms of the encouragement and the very ingenious manner to make a hall
assurances of friendship that it has recei. clock indicate not only the force and di .
ved from the Society of London, with rection of the wind, but even the maxi.
which it keeps up a correspondence. mum of action which it has exerted dur .
At a general meeting of the Society for ing the absence of the observer.
the Encouragement of Industry in France,
held on the 9th April 1817, the secretary , GERMANY
Baron de Gorando , read a report of the The illustrious anatomist Sömmering
labours of the Society during the prece. has just published the description of a
ding year. new species of the fossil genus of animal,
In the department of experiments and named ornithocephalus, under the name
observations, notice is taken of a siphon brevirostris. Of the ornithocephalus an
presented to the Society by M. Landren , tiquus or longirostris,a figure and descrip
which has two branches that convey at tion has been given to the public, by Pro
the same time both water and air , and is fessor Jameson , in the third edition of
supposed by the inventor to be capable of Cuvier's Theory of the Earth .
renewing the air in mines. The com- Dr Spix of Munich , well known to
mittee of the Society , to whom it was re. naturalists by his history of Zoology ,
mitted, had not been able to form a and a splendid work on the Crania of
judgment of this instrument, but from Animals, is now preparing for publica
very imperfect models, and from reports, tion an uncommonly interesting work ,
the results of which they have not been entitled “ Zoologia et Phytographia Ba
able to verify. Similar in some respect varia Subterranea. ”
to the tinman's pump of Seville, and the The celebrated comparative anatomist
horns of the Catalonian forges, it can in. Tiedmann, along with Oppel, is employ
troduce air into furnaces and mines at ed on an extensive work on the Anatomy
all times, when there is an opportunity of the Amphibia . It is promised to com
of carrying off the water employed or pare the structure of the present tribes
deposited ; but in the one case the humid of amphibious animals with those fossil
air unavoidable by this method must, in species found in limestone and other
the opinion of the committee, be injurious rocks, and thus to connect together, in
to the fusion of the metals ; and in the an interesting manner, the views of the
other case the chance, they think , is great. zoologist with those of the comparative
er , of the noxious gases common to mines anatomist.
being aspired than of their being displaced Mr Secretary Von Schreiber has brought
by the introduction of new air. to Vienna a series of specimens of the
Among new improvements of existing diamond imbedded in a venigenous mass,
processes, the attention of the Society not an amygdaloidal rock , as maintained
was particularly directed to the perfec- by some mineralogists.
tion to which the preparation of plati. Count Dunin Borkowsky , a distin .
num had been brought. Not only is the guished pupil of Werner, has discover
mode of purifying it most complete ; but ed amber imbedded in sand- stone, a fact
little ductile as it seems, it is now reduc. of great interest to geologists.
ed into leaves as fine as those of gold. Blesson has just published a treatise
MM . Guog and Contourier of Paris, have on the Magnetism and Polarity of Rocks.
 1817.] Literary and Scientific Intelligence. 421
There has been lately published at The eccentric Dr John of Berlin , the
Berlin , by P. E. Miller, a curious col. celebrated chemist, has published a curi
lection of the Sagen , or Stories of Ancient ous work on the natural history of am .
Scandinavia. ber.
Ebeling has published the seventh vo- Fr. Adelung has published, at Peters .
lume of his History of the United States burgh,a work on the merit of the Empress
of America. It is dedicated to the geo. Catharine, as a philologist.
graphy and statistics of Virginia. Schwaegrichen of Leipsic has publish .
William Von Humboldt, brother to the ed a posthumous work of Hedwig on
celebrated traveller, has published an ad.
Mosses.
mirable metrical translation of the Aga. Jürgen has published two decades of
memnon of Æschylus. à curious work, entitled, Algæ aquaticæ
C. J. M. Langenbeck has published a quas et in littora maris Dynastiam Jeve
valuable work , entitled “ Commentarius ranum et Frisiam orientalem alluentis
de structura pertonæi, testiculorum tuni. rejectis et in parum terrarum aquis habi
cis, eorumque ex abdomine in scrotum tantas.
descensu , ad illustrandam , herniarum in. The celebrated Swedish botanist, Thun
dolem . Annexæ sunt xxiv . Tabulæ an.berg, has just published a Flora of the
cæ. Text 128 pages large 8vo, plates in Cape of Good Hope, under the following
folio . title, “ Flora capensis sistens plantarum
The celebrated Professor Eschenberg Promontorii Boni Spei Africæ , secundum
has just published the sixth edition of his systema sexuale emendatum redacta ad
Manual of Classical Literature, which is classes, ordines, genera , et species ; 2
particularly valuable on account of the vols. Upsalæ.
full and accurate enumeration it contains A Greek Atheneum , or College for mo .
of all the newest and best editions of the dern Greeks, has been founded on a libe.
Roman and Grecian classics . ral plan at Munich, by Professor Thursch .
Professor Brandes of Breslau , well This conspires with many other circum .
known by his astronoinical writings, is stances to raise the character and pros
now engaged in a work on Meteorology, pects of the Greeks.
on the same plan with his popular Trea . The ancient library of Heidelberg has
tise on Astronomy. He also proposes been restored in great splendour, and now
the publication of a periodical Meteoro- contains some of the most curious manu.
logical Journal. scripts in Europe.
Tiedmann has lately published a folio An Academy, in some measure simi.
work , with plates, on the anatomy of the lar to our Society for the encouragement
Asterias, Holothura, and Echinus. of Arts, has been recently established at
The first part of the second volume of Vienna ; it is endowed by the Fmperor
Meckel's Classical Work, Pathological with his grand collection of Natural His .
Anatomy, has just appeared. tory , and likewise possesses an extensive
H. de Martuis has published , at Leipsic, chemical and philosophical laboratory,
a curious tract De Lepra Taurica . together with models and specimens of
The celebrated philosopher, Tenneman, machinery, & c. The Austrians hope by
has published a second edition of his ex. its means to improve their manufactures ,
cellent work, entitled , Elements of His. and to become independent of foreign in.
tory and Philosophy, for the use of Aca. dustry. The design is patriotic, and we
demies. wish them success ; but of this we are
Sprengel has just published the 6th certain, that as foreign nations become
volume of his Institutiones Medicæ. It rich by means of manufacture, so will a
treats of Therapia Generalis. new class start up for the purchase of
There has just appeared at Leipsic, a British manufactures. A country , merely
work on Western Africa, in 4 volumes, agricultural, is never a very good cus.
with 44 plates and maps. tomer .

The missionary scheme meets with A German paper states, that Professor
much support in Germany. Most of the Goerres, who is now at Coblentz, has de.
proceedings of the Missionary Society clined the situation of Secretary to the
are reported in Germany-their works Academy of Fine Arts at Stuttgard , in
translated and commented on. The tra- order to accept the more advantageous
vels of Campbell in Africa have just been offers made to him by the Prussian Go .
translated . vernment , from which he has obtained
N. Furst, at the last Leipsic fair, pub. permission to resume the publication of
lished an interesting series of letters on his Rhenish Mercury.
the Literature of Denmark . Goëthe has resigned the management
Scheller has just published the 2d vol. of the Weimar theatre, which owes its
ume of his Manual of German Literature, reputation to himself and Schiller, be.
from Lessing to the present time. cause he would not assent to the appear .
VOL . I. 3 H
422 Literary and Scientific Intelligence. [ July
ance of a quadruped performer on that Brocchi, a distinguished Italian natur
stage in the Dog of Montargis. He is alist, has discovered , in the neighbour
proceeding the more assiduously with his hood of Veletri, columnar basalt, resting
own Biography, which he has entitled upon a bed of pumice, which contains
Fiction and Truth ; and of which the bones of quadrupeds.
5th volume, containing his residence in General Count Camillo Borgia has late.
Italy, is now published . In the second ly returned to Naples from Africa, after
number of his View of the Arts in the having been engaged in antiquarian re .
Countries bordering on the Main, and searches for nearly two years in the
Rhine, he strongly censures the puerile neighbourhood of Tunis. He established
imitation of the style of antique art , so such an interest with the Bey and his
universally affected by modern painters ministers, as to obtain an unqualified
and amateurs. permission to examine the antiquities of
The most important dramatic pheno. that country . He caused considerable
menon is King Yngurd, a romantic tra . excavations in various places ; especially
gedy , by Adolf Mullner, who resides at on the site of the ancient Carthage, and
Weissenfels on the Saale, and who, though at Utica ; and the general result of his
45 years of age before he produced his labours has been, that, along the coast
first tragedy, entitled Der Schuld (Guilt ), and in the interior, he has examined the
is now justly considered as the first dra- ruins of more than 200 cities and towns,
matic writer of his nation . His new and made copies and drawings of 400
piece, the scene of which is laid in Nor- ancient inscriptions and remains, hither
way, might in many ofits situations sus. to unpublished and unknown. Among
tain a comparison with Shakspeare him. the inscriptions are some which appear
self. It has just been published with to be in the ancient Punic language.
six engravings by Göschen of Leipzig. The most important of the public build.
ings which have been discovered, is a
ITALY Temple at Utica, containing 80 columns
It is a general opinion , that the atmos. of oriental granite, and a statue of the
phere of Italy is clearer than that of goddess Flora. He is at present em
France or England , and therefore much ployed in arranging his materials, and
better fitted for astronomical observations. preparing the result of his discoveries
But this opinion , in regard to the so cale for the press.
led garden of Europe, the soi-disant ter
SWITZERLAND .
restial paradise is false. Pond , the As
Alpine Districts. Extensive research
tronomer royal , says , that it is not a
es into the mineralogy of those regions
country for practical astronomy, and that
have recently been made by the indefati
the climate of England is much more ad-
vantageous, and has more clear days. gable M. Brochant, who, after repeated
The prevailing wind in Italy is the examinations, and most laborious investi.
south , which brings rain in winter, and gations, has ascertained that the lofty
fog in summer. Even Naples does not summits of the Alpine hills, through the
possess an astronomical climate . In the whole range from St Gothard to Mount
winter season, rains like those of the Cenis , do not consist of an absolute
tropical regions deluge the country for granite, as has generally been supposed ,
ten or twelve weeks ; and in summer, This applies more especially to Mont
the air exhibits all the silvery and pearly Blanc, which, in common with the o
hues known to the painter. If we look thers, is of a species of granite parti.
at the landscapes of the Italian school, cularly chrystaline, abounding in talcous
we at once obtain a conception of the at- and feldsparic rock , and containing in
mosphere of Italy. Florence has been many instances, beds of metallic mine .
celebrated for its fine climate and clear rals . M. Brochant, however, is of de
sky. Those who have made this obser- cided opinion , that the southern border
vation, probably never heard of the pro- of the Alpine chain consists of real
verb, “ Qu'on ne comprend pas qu'on y granite; he therefore takes analogy for
peut vivre en été et n'y pas mourir er the basis of his reasoning ; and suppos
hiver. " Even Genoa, the climate of ing it most probable, that the granitic
which is so much admired, is named the stratum supports the talcous, he infers
Urinale dell'Italia . that the higher summits of the chain,
Astronomical in.
struments suffer there from ' moisture , relatively considered , are not the most
more in a few months than in France in ancient part of those mountains.
as many years.
1817.] Works preparing for Publication . 423

WORKS PREPARING FOR PUBLICATION ,

LONDON .

PROPOSALS have been issued for publishing with leading Questions and Hints, designed
by subscription , in three volumes 12mo, Practice of
as an easy Manuduction to the
Historical and Literary Botany, containing English Composition ; 3. Poetic Reading
the qualities, anecdotes, and superstitions made Easy, by means of Metrical Notes to
relative to those Trees, Plants, and Flowers, each Line: 4. An Appendix of Select Prose ;
Profane byJohnCarey,
which are mentionedin Sacred andrare LL.D.
History ; the particulars of some and Sir John Sinclair announces his long pro
curious Plants which bear the names of ce- mised Code of Agriculture, founded on all
lebrated persons ; and also those which are the publications of the Board, and intended
used in the religious worship and civil ce- to comprise a summary of their results .
remonies of divers nations ; together with The following are the outlines of his plan :
the devices, proverbs, & c. which derive their — . Tó consider those “ Preliminary
origin from these vegetables ; concluding Points” to which a farnier ought to attend ,
with a Romantic Story, entitled , “ Flowers, otherwise he can never expect to carry on ,
from the French of Madame de Genlis, with in a useful manner, any system of hus.
Explanatory Notes," &c. ; by Eliza J. bandry. These particulars are, climate
Reid . soil - subsoil - elevation --aspect--situation
Dr Blake of Weymouth is preparing for tenure, whether in property or on lease
the press, in several volumes imperial 4to, rent - burdens on, and size of the farm .
a Splendid and Authentic Peerage of the 2. To inquire into the nature of “ Those
United Kingdom, from the Earliest Records means of cultivation which are essential to
to the Present Day, in which will be given ensure its success :" these are, capital - regu .
a genealogical and tabular view of the per- lar accounts arrangement of agricultural
sonal descent, original creation , and colla labour - farm servants labourers in hus
teral branches ofevery title, whetherliving bandry - live stock - implements_agricul
or extinct ; forming atonce a clear and com- tural buildings command of .water - divi
sions of fields, and farm roads. 3.improving
prehensive history of every family onwhich out To point
any distinction had been conferred by the “ The various modes of
Sovereigns ofthese kingdoms. It is intende land ,” by cultivating wastes enclosing
ed, in this Elementary Work , to supersede draining -manuring - paring and burning
thecross-reading and numerous parentheses, -fallowing weeding - irrigation - flooding
,which render the present pedigrees of our warping - embanking, and planting. 4 .
nobility so unintelligible. To explain “ The variousmodes ofoccupy
A General History of the Quadrupeds of ing land , ” in arable culture - grass - woods
America, illustrated by coloured plates en -gardens, and orchards. And ,5. To of
graved from original drawings, is preparing fer some general remarks on “ The means
for publication. It will correspond in form of improving a country,” by diffusing infor
with the late Alexander Wilson's splendid mation- by removing obstacles to improve
illustrations of American Ornithology. ment, and by positive encouragement.
Mr Overton of Crayford, Kent, has in a The work is intended to form a large volume
state of great forwardness, a work in two în octavo, and it will be published early, in
volumes 8vo, entitled, The Genealogy of August.
Christ, elucidated by Sacred History ; with A work on Biblical Criticism on the Books
a New System of Sacred Chronology ; in of the Old Testament, and Translations of
which the Addition made by the Seventy Sacred Songs, with notes, critical and ex
Translators to the Hebrew , is considered to planatory, by Samuel Horsley, LL.D.
refer to the period of the Son of Man before F.R.S. F.A.S. late Lord Bishop of St A.
the Fall ; by which the Truth of Scripture saph , is preparing for publication,
is demonstrated by its Chronology ; serving The continuation, in octavo , with en
as an Antidote to the venomous pen of Vol gravings, is printing, of Travels in South
ney. America, by Messrs Humboldt and Bon .
Memoirs, with a Selection from the Cor. pland ; translated from the French, under
respondence and other unpublished Writings thesuperintendence of M. Humboldt, by
of the late Mrs Elizabeth Hamilton , are Helen Maria Williams.
printing in two crown8vo volumes. The Remains ofJames Dysautoy, lateof
The first volume of the Transactions of Emanuel College, Cambridge, are in the
the Literary Society of Bombay is printing press.
in 4to . Mr Armiger is engaged in researches,
Early in July will appear an Introduc. and in the collectionof materials for an
tion to English Composition and Elocution, English work on Physiology, intended to
in four parts, viz.- 1. Æsopmodernised and supply an acknowledged deficiency in the
moralised ,in a series of amusing and in- elementarymedical books of this country,
structive Tales, calculated Reading
as Les- to exhibit the present state of that import
sons for Youth ; 2. Skeletons of those Tales, ant science, and the extent to which it is
424 Monthly List of New Publications. [ July
indebted to the investigation of British phy. The Rev. J. Joyce's Elements of History
siologists. and Geography, ancient and modern , ex
Mr Curtis is about to publish a Treatise emplified and illustrated by the principles of
onthe Physiology and Diseasesof the Ear, chronology , will soon appear in two octavo
containinga comparative view ofits structure volumes ,withseveral maps.
and functions, and of its various diseases. Speedily will be published , in one volume
A volume of Transactions of the Philoso- octavo, An Essay on Capacity and Genius,
phical Society of London is in the press. endeavouring to prove that there is no ori
Mr Bernay's Introduction to the Know- ginal mental superiority between the most
ledge of the German Language is preparing illiterate and the most learned of mankind ;
for publication. and that no genius, whether individual or
In thepress, and to be published this national, is innate, but solely produced by,
month , a new Edition of a very choice Col- and dependent on, circumstances. Also , an
lection of Moral Apothegms, which first ap- Inquiry into the nature of Ghosts, and other
peared in the year 1711, under the title of Appearances supposed to be supernatural,
The Club , in a Dialogue between Father [ In the Essay on Capacity and Genius, the
and Son ; by James Puckle. Embellished System of Messrs Gall and Spurzheim will
with a Portrait, and a Sketch of the Au- meet with due consideration . ]
thor's Life .

EDINBURGH.
THE Word of God not Bound, a Sermon, ings on the Relevancy of the Indictments of
Preached in StGeorge's Church , Edinburgh , WilliamEdgar and John M.Kinlay.
on July 6, 1817, for the Benefit of the Na- Speedily will be published , the Life and
val and Military Bible Society ; by Andrew Power of True Godliness, described in a se
Thomson , A. M. Minister of St George's, ries of discourses ; by Alex . M.Leod , D.D.
Edinburgh . - Published at the request of Pastor of the Reformed Presbyterian Church ,
the KirkSession of St George's. New York , one volume 8vo ..
A full Report, by Mr Dow , of the Plead

MONTHLY LIST OF NEW PUBLICATIONS.

LONDON.
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1817.3 Monthly List ofNew Publications. 425
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426 Monthly List of New Publications. [ July
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1817.] Monthly List of New Publications. 427
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EDINBURGH.
Catalogue of the Library of the late Wil. Charles Kirkpatrick Sharpe, Esq. Illustra
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a Biographical Memoir of the Author ; by

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M. le Comte Germain Garnier, 4to. Recueil des monumens antiques, la plu
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Petite Dissertation sur un monument ty- dernière livraison,folio.
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la découverte de l'imprimerie à 1414; avec en Angleterre sur la Zodiacomanie d'un
des observations qui prouveraient, qu'elle est journaliste Anglais, avec la traduction de
même antérieureà cette époque. l'article de ce même journaliste, inséré dans
Mémoires de Physique et de Chimie de le British Reviez de fevrier 1817, sur la
la Société d'Arcueil. Tome troisième.- sphère Caucasienne de C. G. S. 8vo .
** Ce Volume contient un mémoire de Le Comte de Paoli Chegny, Histoire dela
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contenant l'histoire des 4e, 5e, 6e, Croisades ; Londres, la Cour et les Provinces d'An.
par M. Michaud de l'Académie Française, gleterre, d'Ecosse, et d'Irlande, 2 vols 8vo.
avec un plan de Constantinople, et uneCarte
428 Register. - Foreign Intelligence. [ July

MONTHLY REGISTER.
FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE.

Europe. however, that any deep -rooted or exten.

sive conspiracy against the existing order
FRANCE . of things has ever been discovered, though
In the Journal of Agen , of the 17th it may be true, that a few obscure indi.
of June, we read as follows ;-On Satur . viduals have availed themselves of the
day the 7th inst. a dreadful storm burst popular ferment produced by most severe
forth in the communes of Cancon, Beau. privations, to lead on the ignorant and
gos, Moulinet, and Bondi, in the Ar- unthinking to acts of sedition . Within
rondissement of Villeneuve sur Lot, and the last two or three weeks, the prices
caused the greatest ravages. Not a blade of grain have fallen greatly, and continue
of grass, nor a vine leaf are to be seen in to fall. The harvest has begun in the
the places where the hail fell ; happily south , and the produce is said to be abund .
its extent was not great. The rain, ant in every part of the kingdom .
which poured from the same cloud, did
SPAIN.
an infinite deal of mischief, by the great
quantity of earth which it carried with It is now confirmed that the great
it, and by covering all the pasturage a. arsenal of Caracca, near Cadiz, has been
round with sand . This is now the fifth totally consumed , with all its immense
year in succession that the crops have naval stores, by a conflagration which,
been destroyed in this unfortunate dis . there is reason to believe, was the result
trict. of a conspiracy .
Paris, July 3. The number of French By private accounts it appears that the
emigrants who have reached the United grand financial plan, projected by the min.
States do not amount to a less number ister Garey, is not to be carried into ex .
than 30,000 . They have in general em- ecution till January 1818. This delay
barked from Belgium , Holland, Ger. originates in the opposition of the nobles
many , and even Russia. In America and high churchmen, who will be most a

they have enjoyed unrestricted freedom , affected by its being put into execution ;
but have obtained no political preponder. and , in the mean time, it is expected that
ance. Joseph Bonaparteis said to have the minister himself will lose his place.
given up every hope of returning to
France. Clauzel and Lefebvre Des . PORTUGAL
nouettes are at New Orleans ; Grouchy Lisbon , May 27th 1817.- " I hasten to
has quitted Baltimore for New York. inform you of an alarming conspiracy.
The greater part of the officers of this which , thanks to the vigilance and ener
nation appear determined on repairing gy of Marshal Beresford, has, within the
to Mexico or Brazil. last twenty -four hours, been discovered
The French government have come and crushed in this city. of the real
to the determination of causing a light. intention of the conspirators we are yet
house to be erected at the entrance to ignorant ; it is, however, certain, that
Calais. A letter from thence states , that the first act of vengeance would have
an eligible spot is selecting for this de- been the destruction of their gallant Mar
sirable purpose, and when the danger shal , and Don Miguel de Forjaz, with
of the entering of that harbour is consi. the whole of the present regency . It is
dered, such a measure must appear highly reported , that in the expectation of suc.
beneficial. The light is intended to re- cess, an offer of the crown of Portugal
volve, with deep red reflectors, and will had been made to the young Duke de
be so placed as to be conspicuous in all Cardeval, the next a -kin to the present
weathers to vessels bound thither . King, through his mother, who prudent.
The Paris papers have been unusually ly rejected the offer. To complete the
barren of interesting intelligence for this sanguinary and treacherous character of
month past. They have been chiefly file this black ptot, a general massacre of the
led with accounts of disturbances in dif- English residents was contemplated .
ferent parts of the kingdom , occasioned Happily, the compunction of some of
by the scarcity of grain , into which, in the conspirators has led to the detection
some instances there seems to have en- of the treason . The marshal having re .
tered a spirit of discontent with the pre. ceived intelligence of their proceedings,
sent government. It does not appear , on Sunday evening seized the whole, or
 1817.] Register. - Foreign Intelligence. 429
most of the ringleaders in their beds, and The royal Government hereby publishes
at the head of them proves to be the in- this, his Majesty's resolution , that the
triguing General Don Gomez Ferreira most punctual care may be taken to ob
de Andrade. The Marquises of Abrantes serve it in every point.
and Valencia, the son of Baron Bran- Given at Buda, the 23d December
camp, and the Conde de Cunha, with 1816, in the assembly of the mem
about forty others, many of them per- bers of the Royal Hungarian Go
sons,of distinction , are said also to be ap vernment.
prehended and thrown into the dungeons The ceremony of the marriage of the
of the castle of Belem. Don Gomez archduchess Leopoldine with the king
of Portugal took place by proxy at Vien
| Ferreira is lodged in Fort St Julian , the
governor of which has been superseded, na, on the 14th May. Owing to the in.
and the command given to Sir Archibald surrection in Brazil, the princess had
Campbell. The two regiments of mili- not sailed for that country at the date of
tary police continue to parade the city, thelatest despatches from Portugal.
and the artillery guns, loaded to the muz- Vienna , June 4.-The following are
zle with grape shot, are posted in differ . some of the details of the arrest of
ent parts of the town . The conspir . Santini. This man had obtained pass
ators had established printing presses, ports in England to go to Italy, where
and prepared proclamations, all of which he pretended to have some family affairs
are seized. I am happy to add, that the to arrange. He was strictly watched in
disposition of the troops seems highly fa- this country, and having passed by Kra
vourable, and we hear of only three offi- genfurt about the middle of the last
cers of any rank who are at present im. month, he was arrested on the frontiers
plicated. It is strongly believed , that a of Lombardy, and conducted under an
close connexion has subsisted between escort to Milan. It is said , that papers
those traitors and the insurgents at Per- of great importance were found upon
nambuco, and but for the energy and him . He was apprehended on a road
activity with which the government here different from that prescribed to him ,
have acted , no doubt can exist of the and which he should have taken , if he
fate which awaited them . The 5th June meant only to go to Genoa , and from
being the feast of Corpus Christi, was thence to Corsica.
fixed upon for the explosion of the plot. The states of Wirtemberg having re
The conspirators are now under trial jected the constitution , as modified by the
before a chief judge, four assistants, and royal rescript of the 26th May, by 67
a secretary . The examinations have voices against 42 , have been dissolved.
hitherto been private, but some of the
sentences are expected to be published :
next month . About fifty persons are in america.
custody.
UNITED STATES.
GERMANY . The Boston Commercial Gazette of the
Prohibition of Bible Societies in Hun . 24th of March contains the provisions of
gary. Buda, May 3. The following an important law, which may be called
circular letter to the clergy in Hungary the Navigation Act of America , of which
was issued on the 23d December; last the following is the substance.
year, by the Government in this city . 1. No goods to be imported into the
Considering that the London Bible As. United States, except in vessels the pro.
sociation has caused the establishment of perty of the citizens of those States ; or
several affiliated Societies, particularly of the countries of which those goods are
in Germany, and that several such asso. the growth , produce, or manufacture.
ciations in the Imperial hereditary do. 2. In all cases of contravention of the
minions, particularly among the Protest. preceding article, the ship and cargo to
ants, have more intimate connexion in be confiscated .
view, his Sacred Majesty has been gra. 3. Bounties and allowances now grant.
ciously pleased to ordain , that care beed to fishing- boats to be refused to all but
taken that printed copies of the Bible be those of which the officers and three.
not circulated gratis, or at a low price, fourths of the crew are citizens of the
by such Foreign Associations and Socie. United States,
ties in his Majesty's hereditary domin. 4. The coasting trade is confined to
ions, nor the establishment of a Bible As. native vessels and seamen .
sociation be allowed. For the rest , his 5. A tonnage duty is imposed upon
Sacred Majesty is graciously pleased to vessels, though belonging to the United
allow the trade with Bibles as with all States, which shall enter a port in one
other books by booksellers, according to district from - a port in another district.
the ordinances published on this subject." ( This is subject to exceptions.)
Vol . I. 31
430 Register.-Foreign Intelligence. 1
[ July
6. A tonnage duty is levied on Ame- seem, that the French refugees renounce
rican vessels arriving from foreign ports, the hope of ever returning to the Conti .
unless two - thirds of the crew be citizens nent of Europe, since they spend their
of the United States. whole fortunes in fixing themselves in so
Boston , May 12 .-- Despatches have magnificent a manner in America .”
just been received from Mr Serjeant by The National Intelligencer states the
the governor of the national bank . We terms on which the bank of the United
understand they state he has succeeded States obtained its specie in England, viz .
in obtaining ten millions of dollars for - “ The specie to be delivered in the
the new bank at Philadelphia, and this United States at 45. 8d. sterling per
too without difficulty in England. What dollar, within six months from January
a country of wealth and poverty! The last, the time the contract was made ;
Venice has arrived with 300,000 dollars ; the payment secured by a deposit of the
the Solon , the Emily, and the Electra , United States'. stock at par, redeemable
with much more. January 1819, or at an earlier period ,
After the 14th of July next, the Ame. giving two month's notice, interest at five
rican national flag will consist of thirteen per cent. commencing at the date of the
stripes and twenty stars. The thirteen contract. ” From the same paper we
stripes are to be permanent, and one star learn, that the mania for emigration is to
is to be added whenever a new state is be found even in the United States. A
received into the union. The facts are company of young men was forming at
published at this time for the benefit of New York, for the purpose of proceeding
ship-owners, &c. to some parts of South America, there to
By the Courier arrived from Boston in form a settlement. Each adventurer was
nineteen days, and the Canton , with se- to advance a certain sum , to purchase a
veral other vessels, from New York in vessel and the necessary stores.
twenty-one days, Boston papers to the Extract of a letter from St Francis .
20th of May, New York to the 17th of ville (L. A.) dated May 5th 1817.-A
that month , and New Orleans to the 16th very serious and distressing accident
of April, have been received. Cobbett happened nearly opposite this place.-
has given notice, in a letter addressed to Yesterday morning, about eight o'clock ,
the people of America, that he will re. the steam -boat, Constitution ( formerly the
sume his labours in that country .-- A ship Oliver Evans), passing down the river
arrived at Boston from Perambuco fur . from Natchez to New Orleans, burst her
nishes intelligence to the 9th of April. boiler, and every person in the cabin,
The new Government appeared well esta- eleven in number, was scalded to death ;
blished , and was making every necessary some lived two or three hours, some five
preparation for defence. So far do the or six, and two or three lived about twen
Anti-Portuguese rulers consider them. ty hours. The captain of the boat, the
selyes settled, that they have sent out his engineer, and one or two sailors that were
Excellency Don Antonio Gonsalvo de in the after - part of the boat, were the
Cruz as Ambassador to the United States. only persons that escaped uninjured.
A letter from Washington , dated the In an American paper, a remarkable
2d May, states , that the American Go. advertisement appears from the Navy
vernment have lately sold 100,000 acres Board in Washington. It is for propo .
of land on the Tinibechy , in the Missis. sals for supplying the machinery for three
sippi territory, to a French company, at steam batteries , each to be equal to 120
two dollars per acre, payable in fourteen horse power, to be completed in one
years, without interest, upon condition of month.
their planting the vine and olive. About
300 French emigrants have gone to reside BRITISH AMERICA .
on those newly- purchased lands. At the In the house of Assembly in Lower
head of these people are Lakanal , Pen Canada, the Speaker notified to the House,
nienes, Garnier de Saintes, the two L’Al. on the 21st February, that he had the
lemands, Desnouettes, Clausel , and others, same morning signed warrants for the
with a crowd of artisans and mechanics. imprisonment of S. W. Monk , Esq. con
Joseph Bonaparte's New Town .-- The formably to the order of the House ; after
Dutch mailsupplies the following account which , the deputy serjeant at arms at the
of the Ex- King of Spain's colony in the bar informed the House, that, in obe.
United States. " Joseph Bonaparte is dience to its orders, he had lodged S. W.
building a town near Baltimore, which Monk, Esq. in the common gaol of the
none but French are permitted to inhabit. district.
It is to be capable of containing for the On the 1st of March , the Legislative
present 12,000 inhabitants. The art of Council of Lower Canada came to a reso .
the most sublime architecture is employed lution , that an address be presented to his
to embellish the edifices. Thus it should Royal Highness the Prince Regent, hum.
1817.) Register.-- Foreign Intelligence. 431
bly beseeching his Royal Highness not to vered to the Marquis de Aguilar, the King
inflict any punishment on the honourable of Portugal's minister for foreign affairs,
Louis Charles Foucher, Esq. one of the a note , dated Paris, 16th March , in which
puisne judges of the court of King's Bench they express their surprise at the occu.
for the district of Montreal, in conse- pation of a part of the Spanish posses.
quence of the articles of complaint exhi. sions on the river Plate, by the Portu
bited against him by the Assembly of that guese troops of Brazil ; and announcing
province, until such articles of complaint their intention to take cognizance and
should be submitted to the consideration part in this affair, in consequence of an
of the Legislative Council , and they application made to them by the Court of
should have concurred therein, or until Spain , they call upon his inost faithful
such articles of complaint shall have been majesty to explain his views, and to take
heard and determined on by such a tri- the most prompt and proper measures
bunal as his Royal Highness should ap- to dissipate the just alarms which his
point. invasion of the Spanish possessions has
April 20. - James Stuart , Esq. arrived occasioned .
on Sunday the 16th at Quebec, and of A great sensation has been excited in
course would take his seat in the House Europe , by the accounts lately received
next day. What is called the great ques- of a formidable insurrection havingbroken
tion was set down for the 19th inst. that out in Brazil on the 6th of March . AC
is, Whether farther proceedings shall be cording to the reports first received, seven
had against the two chief justices. It is provinces of this extensive empire had re
understood at Quebec, that the govern volted from the house of Braganza, and
ment at home had given directions to declared for independence, liberty of con
dissolve the Parliament , if the House of science, and a federal government. By
Assembly proceeded farther in this mat. later accounts, however, it appears, that
ter. Judge Monk expected to be dis- the revolt had not as yet extended beyond
charged on bail ; but the Court, on hear the provinces of Pernambuco, and that an
ing his counsel , who urged that the war. attempt to subvert the royal government
rant of the Speaker of the House of As- at Bahia had failed , and the conspirators
sembly was informal, had come to the been apprehended.
decision, that the warrant was without The revolution in the Brazils is not
objection ; he was in consequence re- the only great event that has taken place
manded to prison. He had transmitted in the new world. By the Colonel Allan ,
a petition to the House of Assembly, in Captain M.Lennon, arrived from the
which he states that he did not wish to North West Company's settlement, on
throw any impediment in the way of the the river Columbia, and last from Buenos
committee, who were investigating the Ayres, letters and gazettes to 16th March
case of the Chief Justice Foucher. He had have been received, which state that the
refused to give up some official docu. Buenos Ayres army, commanded by Ge
ments, but their contents were open to neral San Martin, and destined to free
the inspection of the committee ; but his Chili from its Spanish oppressors, has
duty to the government would not war- met with most complete success. On
rant his giving up the possession of official the 12th February, the patriots met the
documents . royalists near Chabuco , defeated them in
In the Court of King's Bench of Mon- a general action , and the result of this
treal, bills of indictment were found by victory was the complete downfall of
the grand jury against Duncan Cameron, Spanish power in this interesting portion
and John Dugald Cameron , partners of of the South American Continent. A
the North West Company; and against new form of government was instantly
Cuthbert Grant, William Shaw, and Pe- organised in the capital of Santiago, and
ter Pangman , clerks of the said Company ; the supreme directorship confided to
and against George Campbell and others, Don Barnard O'Higgins, who issued a
for the felonious seizure, in 1816, of the proclamation , congratulatory of the event ,
cannon sent from England for the defence to the people of Chili. On the 13th of
of the colony of Red River. March , three of the enemy's standards,
two taken on the coast of Valpariso, and
SOUTH AMERICA .
the other at Llamparaes in Upper Peru ,
About 30,000 stand of arms had ar. reached Buenos Ayres. The former Spa
rived at St Thomas's, from Bordeaux, ac- nish governor of Chili, Marco del Pont,
companied by several of Bonaparte's had been taken by the patriots. The
officers , and an aid -de- camp of Murat ; brave army of the Andes, with General
all of whom, it is asserted, intend joining San Martin at its head, had covered
the insurgents of South America . itself with glory, and was expected to
The ministers of Austria, France, Great recross the mountains before the win
Britain , Prussia , and Russia, have deli . ter closed them , with a large body of
432 Register. - Foreign Intelligence. [ July
Chilenian auxiliaries , to fall on the rear that number of women and children , to
of the royalist army acting in Peru.- the sword .
Such a succession of important events
had given fresh life and tone to every
thing at Buenos Ayres, from whence all asia.
the Portuguese had been banished to -

Luxan . EAST INDIES.

Accounts from Buenos Ayres of the On the 5th November , the Frances
14th April state, that General S. Martin Charlotte , with a detachment of the 78th
was to set out in a few days from thence regiment on board, struck on a reef off
to join his army in Lima, and that he the desert Isl of Preparis, which lies
would have 10,000 men organized and about half -way between Cape Nigrais,
ready to act against Peru, when the sea. on the coast of Pegue, and the Anda.
mans. On the 10th , Captain Weatherall ,
son for operation commenced. The dif-
ferences between the government of of the Prince Blucher, on nearing the
Buenos Ayres and the Portuguese at island, fell in with some boats belonging
Monte Video had been amicably settled. to the Frances Charlotte , and took on
The Portuguese governor having apolo. board the crews, who had been several
gised for the offensive part of his mani. days without food . Learning that the
festo , Artagas had, about the middle of rest of the seamen and troops, with a
March, surprised the out.posts of the number of women and children, had got
Portuguese army in the vicinity of Monte on shore on the island, he next day sent
Video , and driven away 4000 head of his boats to fetch the women and child .
cattle, upon which the Portuguese army ren, and as many men as possible. On
took the field in pursuit of them ; but the 12th they returned with Major Mac
falling into an ambuscade, in which they pherson and his Lady, Mrs Macqueen ,
had lost nearly 600 men , they had re- the wife of Captain Macqueen , Dr and
treated to Monte Video, followed by Ar- Mrs Brown, Lieutenants Mackenzie and
tigas, who, when the last accounts came M‘Crummen, with a number of Lascars
away , had possession of the mount, and and soldiers' wives and children. A
the Portuguese had no footing beyond storm coming on , frustrated an attempt
the reach of their guns. The Portuguese to get off the remainder next day. Cap
army did not exceed 5500 effective men , tain Weatherall then made sail for Cal.
and it was supposed they would evacuate cutta, where he arrived on the 26th.
the place. Next day the Nautilus cruiser was sent
Some of the accounts state, that in the off with a supply of provisions for the
immediate vicinity of Buenos Ayres, sufferers on the island , which it was sup
the Portuguese had ceased to excite the posed she would reach in six days ; and
slightest alarm. The troops at Monte to guard against any unfavourable occur .
Video were greatly tainted with insubor- rence, another vessel was ordered to pro
dination. The Brazilian militia incorpo- ceed for the same destination from Chit
rated with the other troops had turned to tagong. There were left on the island
the right about, and retired to their homes. six officers, ninety privates, and forty
The regular government troops remained Lascars. There are several fine springs
behind ; but in order to obtain supplies in the island, and the coast furnishes
with the greater facility, they were obli- shell - fish in abundance ; there is also
ged to be encamped in small divisions at plenty of wood. Hopes were of course
considerable distances from each other. entertained , that they would be able to
The Caraccas Gazette of the 18th hold out until the arrival of relief.
April , publishes the official detailed ac- About ten soldiers and Lascars were lost
count of the recapture of Barcelona by in quitting the wreck , in consequence of
the Spanish royalists, during the absence loading themselves too heavily with money
of Bolivar and his troops. The siege, and other articles.
however confined as to the scale of oper- The following is a sketch of the mi.
ations, was rendered memorable by a dis- litary strength of the powers bordering
play of mutual animosity unknown to ci. on the British dominions, according to
vil war . It appears that the defenders letters from Calcutta, dated November
of Barcelona were enthusiastic in their 6 :
resistance to the besieging force that 1. The Seikhs possess a large track of
the Spanish commander summoned them country ; their tribes are headed by Run
to surrender at discretion that on his jeet Sing, a warlike and ambitious leader .
summons being rejected , he renewed the Their usual military establishment may
attack, and having prevailed at the close be estimated at 28,000. The Seikhs
of a tremendous conflict, put 700 men , under our protection can bring into the
the remnant of the garrison , with - half field about 17,000 soldiers.
 433
1817.] Register .-- Foreign Intelligence.
2. Scindiah has about 40,000 soldiers ; also speak of the death of the Rajah of
he is said to be in close alliance with the Nepaul. On his funeral pile one of his
Rajah of Berar, and with the Bhurtpoor queens, one of his concubines, and five
Rajah. He has acquired much strength female attendants, resigned themselves
since the Mahratta war, by bringing the to the flames, as a voluntary sacrifice in
feudatory states under his immediate honour of his memory.
control . Batavia, March 3.- Conceiving that
3. Ameer Khan may have 28,000 sol. the annexed intelligence may be inter
diers ; Mahomed Shah and Lall Sing, esting, it is forwarded to you , and may
who generally act with him , can bring be depended upon . - His Majesty's ship
20,000 more into the field . Ameer Khan Alceste was wrecked in the Straits of
is generally much in want of money ; Gaspar, on the 18th of February. The
and when his troops become mutinous officers, crew, and passengers , were all
from being kept in arrears, he gives them saved , and landed safely in Middle Island .
perhaps half their pay , with authority His Excellency Lord Amherst, and his
to plunder to the amount of what is still lordship’s suite, arrived at Batavia on the
due to them. 22d of February in open boats, and it
4. Holkar is poor, and has only 17,000 happening that some British vessels were
men- Ameer Khan , Mahomed Shah , and then lying in the roads, ready for sea,
Lall sing, are nominally his generals. they were despatched the following mor
5. The Pindarees are a tribe of mili- ning to Middle Island to bring away the
tary adventurers, who, having followed officers and crew of his Majesty's ship
the standards of different chiefs, and , from Alceste from thence. It is hoped that a
the present tranquil state of Hindoostan, considerable part of the baggage and pro
being out of employ, have joined with perty may be saved from the wreck . His
other vagrants, and have cemented them. Lordship and the gentlemen of his suite
selves into one great body of 40,000 sol. are in good health , and will return to
diers . These hardy troops infest the England by the first ships expected
neighbouring provinces for plunder, and on their homeward bound passage from
will fight under any chief who will best China. The return of the vessels sent
pay them . to Middle Island for the officers and
On the 4th December, Mr Gordon For. crew of his Majesty's ship Alceste is daily
bes and Colonel Loveday delivered over expected .
the French settlement of Chandernagore
to the Commissioners appointed to re. CHINA.
ceive it by Louis XVIII. A proclama- The following statistical account of
tion was issued, and Te Deum performed this immense empire may perhaps at the
on hoisting the French flag, and the present moment excite some interest :
English and French functionaries partook Extent of empire in sq. miles , 1,297,990
of an entertainment, at which the healths The same in acres, . 830,719,360
of the kings of France and England , Number of inhabitants, 333,000,000
and of the Governor-General of India, Revenues in sterling, .
£ 12,140,625
were drunk with every demonstration of This gives 256 persons to a square
respect. mile, or 2 acres to each , which is full
The Bombay Courier, of the 4th Janu. one half more in proportion than the po
ary, contains Major Lushington's ac. pulation of England.
count to the resident at Poonah (Mr The revenues amount to 8 d . a-year
Elphinstone) of his successful and per . each ; so that as the British revenue
severing pursuit of the Pindarees on the stood in 1815, before the abolition of the
26th and 27th of December. The major income-tax, one person in England paid
is stated to have conducted the expedi. as much as 180 in China.
tion with very great skill and address, Industry in China is, nevertheless, car .
and deserves the greatest credit. Only ried to the highest degree ; and there are
one British officer was killed , Captain not to be found in China either idle per
Darke, of the 4th regiment of light ca. sons or beggars. Every small piece of
valry ; no officers were wounded . The ground is cultivated, and produces some.
principal object of the Pindarees in en. thing useful ; and all sorts of grain are
tering the Concan was to seize a large planted, not sowed, by which more seed
quantity of kincob (silks) which was ex. is saved than would supply all the inha.
ported from Bombay to Chowal for the bitants of Britain and Ireland.
interior, this they succeeded in , and it In that country every one labours, and
was their intention to sweep the coast as even rocks are covered with earth , and
far as Surat. made to produce. The sides of moun. '
Letters from Calcutta , of the 20th of tains are cultivated , and irrigation is very
January, mention , that the cotton har. general, and conducted with great art
vest was expected to be very bad. They and care. Cloth and paper are made
434 Register .-- Foreign Intelligence. [ July
from various vegetables, which in Europe the Leiou-Kieou islands where they met
are thrown aside as useless . with an harbour equally as capacious as
In one word , they neither waste time that of Port Mahon, in Minorca, expe
nor space, nor materials, and pay scarcely riencing from the poor, but kind-hearted
any taxes ; nevertheless they are so poor, inhabitants of those places, the most
that is, they enjoy so few of the neces. friendly reception.
saries of life, that the law permits the
stifling of new -born children , when the
parents have not the means of bringing Africa .
them up !
This account is said to be from the African ExpeditioN " Sierra Leone ,
best authorities, and affords abundance May 12.-It is feared that all communi.
of materials for thinking to our specula- cation between Captain Campbell and
tive economists ; but if any thing were Sierra Leone is cut off, by the following
wanting to complete the strange result circumstance : -- Colonel M-Carthy , go
of such a population and so much indus- vernor of Sierre Leone, had received
try, it is, that the Chinese despise all intelligence of two vessels, supposed
other nations, but most of all commer- Americans, under Spanish colours, taking
cial ones, and that they have always as in slaves, up the river Rio Noonez, at
much as possible insisted on having gold the town , whose chief has always been
or silver in exchange for what they sell considered as a staunch friend of the Eng
to strangers . lish and the abolition , and the very man
Lord Amherst and suite arrived at by whose means all correspondence be.
Canton on the 1st of January . The tween us and the expedition has hitherto
failure of the embassy is known to have been kept up ; he is a powerful chief ,
arisen from the demand of the Chinese and a well- informed man, having been
of the abject ceremony of prostration , educated in England , and always been
which Lord Amherst resisted, not only in the English pay ; that is, receiving
on general principles of national dignity, valuable presents from time to time from
but on the precedent established by the governor. The Colonial brig was
Lord Macartney. The embassy , though sent to ascertain whether it was so. On
not admitted to the Emperor's presence, her arrival, finding if was the case, a
was, however, treated in its way back message was sent to this chief, requesting
with great and indeed unexampled at- his assistance, if necessary , in capturing
tention , and the persons of the suite these vessels ( a brig and schooner, well
enjoyed a degree of personal freedom manned and armed ,) who apparently
greater than was ever before enjoyed by seemed determined to make a desperate
any foreigners. resistance . He not only refused , but
The last despatches from Captain Max. sent word to say , that if attacked, he
well of the Alceste frigate, at Canton , would protect them to the utmost of his
communicate very important geographic power. Notwithstanding, they were at.
cal information . It appears, that after tacked the same evening, and carried in
the ships under his direction quitted the the most gallant manner. On gaining
Gulf of Pe -tche-lie , they stood across possession, the vessels lying nearly along
the Gulf of Leatong, saw the great wall side the bank of the river, the comman .
winding up one side of the steep moun- der of the Colonial brig finding himself
tains and descending the other, down completely exposed to the natives, who
into the gulf, and instead of meeting assailed him on all sides with musketry,
with the eastern coast of Corea, in the arrows, & c . was obliged , in his own de.
situation assigned it in the several charts, fence , to turn the guns of the vessels upon
they fell in with an archipelago, consist . them . The consequence was, that in the
ing of at least one thousand islands, morning the banks of the river were co
amongst which were the most commo . vered with dead. The vessels have since
dious and magnificent harbours ; and the arrived at Sierra Leone. This unfortu .
real coast of the Corean peninsula they nate occurrence taking place before the
found situate at least 120 miles farther expedition is out of his territories , he no
to the eastward . Captain Maxwell from doubt will avenge himself by annoying
hence proceeded with the other sbips to them - We are all afraid so.” .
1817.3 Register.- British Chronicle. 435

BRITISH CHRONICLE .

MAY . the Middlesex and London Sessions, for

licenses to Medical, Literary, and Philoso
Lord Sidmouth's Circular... Opinion of the
Law Officers of the Crown ,referred to in
phical Societies, which were granted. The
the Circular Letter from Viscount Sid-
Academical Society, to whom a license had
mouth , to his Majesty's Lieutenants of
been refused on the 18th ult. as noticed in
Counties in England and Wales, dated our last month's Chronicle, again applied to
27th March 1817. the London Sessions, when, after some dis
We are of opinion that a warrant may be cussion regarding the proceedings on the
issued to apprehend a party charged on oath former occasion, a license was granted, in
for publishing a libel , either by the Secre- terms of the petition of the Society . Some
tary of State, a judge, or a justice of the of the magistrates complained, that the
peace. sentiments which they had expressed when
With respect to the Secretary of State in the petition was formerly refused, had been
thecaseof Entick v . Carrington, asreported misunderstood or misrepresented.
by Mr Hargrave, though the Court were of 3. - Duke of Wellington's Plate. The
opinion thewarrants, which were then the magnificent service of plate which was
subject of discussion, were illegal, yet Lord sent by the Prince Regent of Portugal to
Camden declared , and in which , he stated, this country, somemonths ago, as a pre
the other judges agreed with him , that they sent to the Duke of Wellington, and which
were bound to adhere to the determination is understood to be worth £ 200,000 , has
of the Queen v. Derby, and the King v. been in the possession of Mr Garard , the
Earbury ; in both of which cases it had been silversmith in Panton Street, in the Hay . .
holden , that it was competent to the Secre- market, since its arrival. Great numbers
tary issue acharged
of Stateof toa person for the
warrantwith of the to
ap- mitted nobility and others have been ad
prehension a scan- see it . The devices are ingenious
dalous and seditious libel ; and that they, and appropriate, and the workmanship of
the judges, had no right to overturn those the most exquisite description. Among
decisions. other articles , there are fifteen dozen of
With respect to the power of a judge to plates, knives, forks, and spoons, weighing
issue such warrant, it appears to us, that at about 100,000 ounces.
all events, under the statute of the 48th Fatal Boxing Match . — A fight took place
Geo . III. ch . 58 , a judge has such power , a few days ago near Oxford , between two
upon an affidavit being made in pursuance persons of the names of Clayton and Wit
of that act ; a judge would probably expect ney, which terminated in the death of the
that it should appear to be the intention of former. We hope the attention of the le
the Attorney -General to file an information gislature will speedily be drawn to these
against the person charged. disgraceful scenes ; and are glad to hear
With respect to a justice of the peace, the that the magistrates have interfered on some
decision of the Court of Common Pleas in occasions since, to prevent the recurrence of
the case of Mr Wilkes' libels only amounts such brutal exhibitions.
to this — that libel is not such an actual 6. - Fiars of Lanarkshire.-- At the an
breachof the peace as todeprive a member nual meeting of the Commissioners of Sup
of parliament of his privilege of parliament, ply, held at Lanark on Wednesday the
or to warrant the demanding sureties of the 30th ult , the report of a former meeting
peace from the defendant ; but there is no respecting the Fiars was ordered to be print
decision or opinion that a justice of the ed, and circulated in the county, and trans
peace might not apprehend any person not mitted to the conveners of other counties,
so privileged, and demand bail tobe given preparatory to applying for an act of parlia
to answer thecharge. It has certainly been ment to regulate, more consistently and
the opinion of one of our most learned pre- equitably, the mode of striking the fiar
decessors, that such warrants may be issued prices of grain in future. We have seen
and acted upon by justices of the peace, as this report, and it goes far to prove the ne
appears by the cases ofThomas Spence and cessityof legislative interference in regard
Alexander Hogg, in the year 1801. We to this very important measure ; or at least,
agree in that opinion, and therefore think that the present practice is, in the instance
that a justiceof the peace may issue a war- referred to, and we have reason to suspect
rant to apprehend a person, charged by in- in manyothers, highly objectionable.
formation on oath , with the publication of The Army.--- List of Regiments now in
a scandalous and seditious libel, and to com- the West Indies, America , Gibraltar, the
pel him togive bail to answer such charge. Mediterranean , and Africa.
Lincoln's Inn , 1 W. GARROW. WEST INDIES.
Feb. 24 , 1817. S S. SHEPHERD. 2d Regt. Leeward Isles.
2 .-- Academical Society .-- This day and 15th Leeward Isles .
yesterday, several applications were made to 25th Ordered home.
 436 Register . - British Chronicle. [ July
58th Regt. Jamaica . 13.-On Friday morning, the 9th, a
60th 4th Battalion , Leeward Isles. dreadful fire broke out in the premises of
61st Jamaica. Mr Berstall, timber -merchant, Bankside ,
63d Leeward Isles. Southwark. It being low water, the engines
WEST INDIA REGIMENTS. could not be supplied from the Thames, and
· 1st Regt. Leeward Isles. the wells beingvery soon nearly exhausted ,
2d Jamaica . a tank of lime water on the South London
3d Leeward Isles. Gas Light Works in the vicinity, was emp
* 5th Bahamas. tied into the engines, and found extremely
* 6th Leeward Isles. serviceable in extinguishing an immense
West India Rangers, Leeward Isles. body of firearising from a pile of timber.
Leeward Isles. Wherever the lime water fell on the burn
York Rangers,
York Chasseurs, Jamaica . ing materials, it not only extinguished the
* These two have been ordered to be dis flame, but it was remarked , that the mate
banded . rials once wetted with the lime water would
not again take fire. The loss to the pro
AMERICA .
prietors is at least £ 10,000.
At Halifax , New Brunswick , and Canada. 19.- Scots Appeal.- David Black , town .
37th Regt. Canada.
60th 2d Battalion , Canada. clerk of Inverkeithing, against Major-Gen .
62d Nova Scotia .
Alexander Campbell of Monzie. - At the
general election in 1812, the district of
70th Canada.
76th Canada . burghs, of which Inverkeithing is one, was
98th Nova Scotia . keenly contested by General Campbell and
Canada.
the Right Honourable Sir Thomas Mait
99th land . In this burgh there is no annual
100th Nova Scotia .
103d Canada.
election of counsellors ; but to entitle them
104th Canada .
to vote, they must be inhabitant burgesses.
The 103d and 104th have been ordered to
On the day of election , two gentlemen in
be disbanded .
the interest of General Campbell, whom
wloo000-0000-00

Mr Black knew to have no residence within

Gibraltar, Malta , and Ionian Isles . the burgh, appeared at the meeting, and
10th Regt. Ionian Isles. tendered their votes. The friends of General
14th Malta . Maitland protested against their votes being
26th Gibraltar. taken , and called on Mr Black , as returning
000000000

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31st Malta . officer, on his highest peril, to make a fair

35th Malta . return . GeneralCampbell also objected to
60th 5th Battalion , Gibraltar. some voters, and called on Mr Black to
75th Corfu . reject them : both parties thus recording
00-000

4th West India Regiment, Gibraltar. their opinion , that Mr Black was bound to
o

1st Garrison Battalion , Ordered home. exercise a sound discretion . Mr ' Black ,
oo

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localooci

AFRICA accordingly , expressed and minuted his

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The African Regiment. opinion,that the two gentlemenfirst alluded

F010-1005-10
" 0 OOoooo

to had no right to vote ; but he agreed to

The Navy . - The following is the present mark them in the mean time, if tendered
looooo

disposition of the British Naval Force : under protest, and stated , that if an eminent
.&c|Schoon
,&c.| omus
Sloops
.| rigates

lawyer, whom he meant to consult, should

noes

Cutters
now

OreSOOOO

think the votes good , he would give effect

B
,&c.

to them in the return . This lawyer , now

s
OO
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Brig

STATIONS .
.
l544.

the Right Honourable the Chief Commis

to

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.

sioner , gave a written opinion, that the

Sheerness & Downs,
Leith Station ,
Eng. C. & Coast of Fr.
Irish Station ,
Jersey,Guerns. &c.
Spain , Port. & Gib.
Mediter. & on Passage
Coast of Africa ,
Halifax & Newfound.
Leeward Islands,
Jamaica & on Passage
Souih America ,
C.ofG.Hope& South
E.Indies & on Passage
TOTAL AT SEA ,
In Port and Fitting,
votes should not be counted, and that Mr
Black was entitled to exercise his honest
discretion in such a case, and, in conse
1 1
0 quence of his knowledge of the facts, bound
0 0 to make out a commission in favour of
1 23 0 General Maitland . This was done ; but
0 1 1 0
2 General Campbell had still a majority of
0 the commissions in his favour. Notwith
0
0 standing carrying his election , however,
1 General Campbell presented a petition and
1
complaint to the Court of Session , in which
9 31 21 19 o 40 Mr Black was accused , in the most intem
6 perate language, of setting law at defiance,
‫هبے‬
‫اي‬

‫ہوتے‬

Guard Ships, 2
of “ having incurred infamy, and of being
Hosp . & Pris. Ships, 2
totally unrestrained by the obligation of his
TOTAL IN COM./ 19 3 27 22 49 oath , thefear of disgrace and condign pun
Ord. & repair,forServ 112 16 68 28 112 ishment ;" and which prayed “ that he
Building, 20 8 2
should be fined in the statutory penalty of
TOTALS , 151 19 103 521 6 163 3 6 £ 500, imprisoned for six months, andde
5
1817. ] Register.- British Chronicle . 437

clared disabled from holding the office of Messrs Nichols and Ralph's, he had even
clerk of the burgh, as if he were naturally dispensed with the latter.- He literally
dead .” starved himself to death .
Mr Black defended himself on these and 23.- Suicide.- This day a hackney -coach
other grounds : 1st, That he was at liberty , drove up to the eastern gate of Carleton
and bound to exercise a sound discretion, House, in Pall Mall. At the moment a
which he did openly, fairly , and honestly : pistol was discharged, and it was discovered
2dly, That he could not be subjected in any that the gentleman in the coach had shot
criminal consequences, in a case where there himself. He was conveyed to the house of
was obviously no dolus animus, no undue Mr Phillips, twodoors from Carleton House,
intention ; and, 3dly , That as the conclu- where medical assistance was procured, but
sions were criminal, the charge behoved to in vain , as he expired in about five mi
bemade more precisely, and established in nutes, the contents of the pistol having en
a different manner . tered his chest, and lodged in his right side.
The Court below ,though with reluctance, The Duke of Cumberland, and one or two
decerned in terms of theprayer of the com- other distinguished characters, were on the
plaint, and found Mr Black liable also in spot. His Royal Highness recognised him
expenses, considering that they had no alter- as Captain D'Aackenof the German Legion.
native under the acts of Parliament. Mr The unfortunate gentleman , it is said , had
Black appealed ; and the Lord Chancellor of late been making applications for promo
has now reversed in toto the judgment tion, but had been unsuccessful. Captain
against Mr Black , whom he considered as D'Aacken has been for some time in the
havingbeen the worst used of the two par- British service, and distinguished himself
ties. His Lordship expressed his decided in the battle of Waterloo .
disapprobation of the terms of the pleadings 26.- Trialfor Sedition . This day came
against Mr Black in the Court of Session, on , before the High Court of Justiciary, the
and which would not have been allowed to trial of Niel Douglas, Universalist preacher
remain on the record of an English court. in Glasgow , accused of uttering seditious
He expressed strong doubts of the construc- expressions in his discourses from the pul
tion put upon the statute founded on ; and pit ; when, after the examination of a num
was quite clear that the charge had not been ber of witnesses on the part of the prosecu
made in terms sufficiently precise, nor sup- tion, and inexculpation, the jury returned
ported by proper evidence . Lord Redesdale a verdict of Not Guilty. The principal
wasof thesame opinion. witnessesagainst the pannel were two town.
The inhabitants of Inverkeithing, Dun- officers of Glasgow , who acknowledged that
fermline, Culross, and North Queensferry, they had been sent by their superiors to hear
have demonstrated their joy at this result, his discourses, but whose evidence seemed
by kindling bonfires, ringing bells, and to be less conclusive than that of the pan .
holding convivial meetings, at which the nel's witnesses.
healths of the Lord Chancellor, Lord Redes- 30. - Wreck of the Royal George.- The
dale, the Lord Chief Commissioner, Sir first survey was made on the 24th inst. by
Samuel Romilly, John Clerk, Esq. & c. means of the diving-bell, of the wreck of
were drank with enthusiasm . the Royal George, which sunk off Spithead
A Miser starved to death . - Friday the about thirty -five years since. She lies nearly
16th , Mr Omer, of Great Castle Street, east and west, with her head to the west
Oxford Market, not having seen James ward, and, with a trifling inclination , on
Alexander, a man who rented the back her larboard bilge. The whole of her decks
garret in his house , for several days, broke have fallen in , and the starboard broadside
open the door of his room , and found him upon them : there are , in fact, no traces
quite dead . The officers searched the place, whatever of her original formation, her re
and in a remote corner found bills, & c. to mains appearing as a piece of ruinous tim
the amount of £2000, which will all fall to ber-work. The surface of her timbers is
a distant relation at Edinburgh. The de decayed, but the heart of them is sound .
ceased was by trade a journeyman carpenter, It is fully expected the Navy Board will
and had worked for Messrs Nichols and give directions immediately for the breaking
Ralph , in Well Street, for near twenty up and removal of her remains.
years. About twelve years ago they fined 31. - Early potatoes made their first ap
him a guinea for being detected stealing pearance in the Edinburgh market this
the workmen's victuals from a cupboard morning. The quantity was about two
appropriated to their use : on that occasion Scots pints. They were sold at four shil
he would have hung himself, but was rather lings per pint.
unwilling to purchase arope ! Abouta year About the middle of this month accounts
ago he was discharged for committing simi- were received at Lloyd's of the appearance
lar depredations. He never had a fire if he of several Moorish pirates in the north seas.
was to pay for it ; but his business as a One of them was captured by the Alert
carpenter enabled him to get plenty of sloop of war, Captain J. Smith, who states
shavings. His diet consisted principally of the following particulars in a letter, dated
a twopenny loaf per pay, and a pint of Margate Roads,May 18.-" I have conduct
small beer ; but since his discharge from ed into this anchorage a piratical ship of 18
Vol. I. SK
438 Register . - British Chronicle. [ July
guns and 130 Moors, underTunisian colours. jesty's High Commissioner. The Prince
I have also taken possession of two of his Regent's letter, and the warrant for £ 2000
prizes captured byhim off the Galloper a to be employed in propagating Christian
few dayssince, viz. the ship Ocean of Ham- knowledge in the Highlands of Scotland
burgh , from Charlestown to Hamburgh, being read, the Assembly was opened by a
with cotton and rice ; and the galliot Chris- speech from the throne by his Grace the
tina of Oldenburgh ,from Lubeck to France Commissioner, to which the Moderator
with wheat. I do not think our Govern- made a suitable reply. An address to the
ment would allow these pirates to cruize in Prince Regent was moved by Dr Cooke,
the narrow seas, to the interruption of our seconded by Dr Francis Nicoll, and un
trade and that of other peaceable nations ; animously agreed to. Dr Nicoll, after a
he denied having any knowledge of these neat and appropriate speech, then moved
vessels when I questioned him about them , that the Moderator be instructed to write
but on my boarding them I was surprised to the Right Honourable Lord Napier, who
to find them in his possession. I do not had for so many years filled the office of
think that any vessels, whatever colours his Majesty's Commissioner, a respectful
they might be under, would be safewhile letter inthe name of the Assembly, expres
these pirates are cruising hereabouts, for all sive of their gratitude for his kindness to
the world knows they are not very delicate. this Church , their deep regret at the im
I expected a broadside from him when I paired state of his health, and of the lively
came down to him, but he saw we were interest which they took in his prosperity
perfectly prepared for him , and in conse- and happiness. On the 28th , the overture
quence hedid not fire ; his people were at relating to the union of offices was read,
quarters. He told us he was in search of and it appearing that fifty-five presbyteries ,
his Admiral, who had parted company in a constituting a great majority, approved of
gale of wind off the isle of Wight, some days the overture, the Assembly therefore enact
before ; but we know they both passed the ed it as a law of the Church. On the 31st,
Straits of Dover in company, and said they the Assembly took into consideration the
were bound to Copenhagen to some— to petition of Mr James Bryce , presbyterian
Amsterdam to others. He says his Ad. minister of Calcutta, East Indies, praying
miral is in a corvette of 26 guns and 150 the Assembly to remove the injunction laid
men. Captain M'Culloch is gone in search on their chaplains in India , bythe reverend
of the other in the Ganymede ; I hope he the presbyteryof Edinburgh, ofdate the27th
may fall in with him and bring him in. I day of March, and to favour the petitioner
shall remain in the Downs with the corsair with such other advice or instructions in the
and prizes until I receive instructions from premises, as to them in their great wisdom
the Admiralty how to act. Is it to be en- might seem meet ; and there was also trans
dured that these monsters should be allow- mitted a petition of Dr Thomas Macknight,
ed to cruise in the very mouth of the clerk to the presbytery of Edinburgh. Both
Thames, intercepting the trade of all na. petitions were read , and also an extract of
tions, and placing every thing they board the minutes of the presbytery of Edinburgh,
in quarantine ? No ships belonging to stating the procedure of that presbytery in
Hamburgh, Bremen , Lubeck, Oldenburgh, the affair now brought under the considera
or any of these small defenceless states, can tion of the Assembly by the petition of Mr
be safe till the other corvette is accounted Bryce . Mr Francis Jeffrey,advocate, was
for. I of course am in quarantine, having heard in supportof Mr Bryce's petition, and
some ofthe Moors on board .” - A letter from Dr John Inglis in defence of the presbytery
Deal, dated the 31st instant, says, “ The of Edinburgh. After a debate ofsomelength,
Tunisian corvette , and a schooner which in which several members took a part, the
had been also captured , sailed from the following motion was made by Dr Nicoll,
Downs this morning, accompanied by his and unanimously agreed to , viz. “ The
Majesty's sloop Alert and the Stork cutter. General Assembly find , that no blame what
The commanders of these vessels, we under- ever can be imputed to the presbytery of
stand, are under orders to see the Tunisians Edinburgh , who have acted according to
quite out of the channel.” the best of their judgment in circumstances
During the present month, disturbances of peculiar difficulty and delicacy. But the
have prevailed in different parts of Ireland, Assembly see no reason why Mr Bryce
occasioned by the high price of provisions, should not be permitted to solemnize mar
but not to such an extent as to be produc- riages, when called upon to do so in the
tive of any very alarming consequences. ordinary exercise of his ministerial duty,
The present appearance of the crops on the and therefore did, and hereby do remove
ground leads us to hope, that the distress the injunction of the presbytery of Edin
which has been felt so generally, in almost burgh upon that subject; satisfied that in
every quarter of the world, owing to the this and everyquestion connected with civil
failure of the last crop, will soon be suc- rights, he will conduct himself, as he is
ceeded by abundance and cheapness. hereby required to do, with that perfect re
General Assembly of the Church of Scot- spect and deference towards the local autho
land— This Court met here on the 22d in- rities to which they are entitled , and which
stant, William Earl of Errol being his Ma. are, in a particular manner, due to the most
 1817.1 Register .- British Legislation. 439
noble the Marquis of Hastings, the gover- the East India Company, and to correspond
nor-general, for the countenance and protec. with that honourable Court on this import
tion offered by his Excellency to this branch ant subject.” — The Assembly was dissolved
of the Church of Scotland . And the Gene. the 2d of June. There was less business
ral Assembly farther resolve to appoint a before them this year than we ever remem
committee to draw up a respectful memorial ber. Every question has been carried with
to the honourable the Court of Directors of the greatest cordiality and unanimity.

BRITISH LEGISLATION.

Acts passed in the 57th Year of the Reign of George III. or in the Fifth Session of the
Fifth Parliament ofthe United Kingdom .

CAP. X. To regulate the Vessels carry- ton and a -half of the burden of such ship or
ing Passengers from the United Kingdom vessel.
tocertain ofhis Majesty's Colonies in North Every such ship or vessel shall be fur
America. - March 17 . nished , at the time of her departure to com
From and after the passing of this act, no mence the voyage, with at least twelve
ship or vessel shall sail with passengers weeks' supply of good and wholesome water,
from any port or place in the United so as to furnish a supply of five pints of wa
Kingdom to anyport or place in Upper or ter perday for every such passenger, exclu
Lower Canada, Nova Scotia , New Bruns . sive of the crew ; and the said supply of
wick, Cape Breton , or Prince Edward's water shall be stowed below the deck ; and
Island, unless the master, or other person everysuch ship or vessel shall also be fur
having or taking the charge or command of nished with such a supply of provisions as
every such shipor vessel, and the owner or will afford an allowance for every such pas
owners thereof, shall, before the sailing of senger, exclusive of the crew , during the
such ship or vessel from any port or place said period of twelve weeks, of one pound
as aforesaid , enter into security by bond of bread or biscuit, and one pound of beef,
to his Majesty, his heirsand successors, in or three quarters of a pound of pork per
the penalty of five hundred pounds, with day, and also two pounds of flour, three
condition that there shall not be taken on pounds of oatmeal, or three pounds of peas
board any such ship or vessel any more or pearl barley, and half a pound of butter
such passe than are hereinafter per- weekly ; the weekly allowance to commence
mitted and allowed , and that every passen- on the day the vessel puts to sea .
ger, if alive, shall be landed at the port or The master or other person having or
place to which such passenger shall have taking the charge or command of anyship
contracted to be conveyed ; and the master or vessel failing to give out the allowance
or other person having or taken the charge of provisions and water herein-before speci
or command of such ship or vessel, previ. fied , shall forfeit the sum of ten pounds of
ous to his leaving the said port, shall and lawful money for each and every such ne
is hereby required to deliver to the said glect and omission.
collector and comptroller or other principal Abstract of Act to be exposed in the
officer of his Majesty's customs at the said vessel, on penalty of £ 10.
port, a list containing the number of the All penalties and forfeitures to be incur
said passengers, with their names, ages, and red under this act, shall and may be re
descriptions, and the places to which they covered in a summary way, on the oath of
are to be respectively conveyed : and, upon one or more witness or witnesses, before any
the arrival of such ship or vessel at either one or more of his Majesty's justice or jus
of the aforesaid colonies, the said master or tices of the peace.
other person having or taking the charge CAP. XI. To facilitate the Progress of
or command of such ship or vessel shall Business in the Court of King's Bench in
deliver the aforesaid copy of the list to the Westminster Hall.- March 17.
governor of such place or other person act- It shall and may be lawful for any one
ing for him , or to the naval officer or chief of the judges of the Court of King's Bench
officer of the customs at the port of arrival, at Westminster , when occasion shall so re
or to the nearest justice of the peace, who quire, to sit apart from the other judges of
shall be required to examine the passen- the same Court, in some place in or near
gers within twenty - four hours after their to Westminster Hall, for the business of
arrival. adding and justifying special bail in causes
Penalty on taking more passengers than depending in thesame Court, whilst others
the number allowed , £ 50. of the judges of the same court are at the
Passengers to be apportioned according same time proceeding in the despatch of
to the tonnage of thevesselin the propor- the other business of the same Court in
tion ofone'adult person, or of three children bank , in its usual place of sitting.
under fourteen years of age, for every one CAP. XII. For punishing Mutiny and
 Register.-- Patents lutely Enrolled . [ July
Desertion ; and for the better Payment period of his having been enlisted , such
of the Army and their Quarters.—March person or persons so enlisting shall be forth
21 . with discharged and set at liberty in the
The number of forces are to be 121,035. presence of such justice or chief magistrate.
-Deserters may be transported ; and re- Cap. XIII. For the regulating of his
turning before expiration of the term limit- Majesty's Royal Marine Forces while on
ed shall suffer death . - A deserter enlist- Shore.- March 21 .
ed for a limited term may be sentenced CAP. XIV. To indemnify such Persons
to serve for life, &c. and be adjudged to in the United Kingdom as have omitted to
other forfeitures. Persons receiving enlist- qualify themselves for Offices and Employ
ing money deemed to be enlisted . - But, ments , and for extending the Time limited
when and as often as any person or persons for those purposes respectively, until the
shall be enlisted as a soldier or soldiers in 25th day of March 1818 ; and to permit
his Majesty's land service, he or they shall, such Persons in Great Britain as have
within four days, but not sooner than omitted to make and file affidavits of the
twenty - four hours, after such enlisting res- Execution of Indentures of Clerks to At
pectively, be carriedor go with some officer, tornies and Solicitors, to make and file the
non -commissioned officer, or private soldier, same on or before the first day of Hilary
belonging to the recruiting party by which Term 1818. - March 21 .
he shall be enlisted , or with the person em- CAP. XV . To continue, until the 5th
ployed on the recruiting service with whom day of July 1818, an Act of the 46th year
ħe shall have enlisted , before some justice of his present Majesty for granting an ad
of the peace of any county , riding, city, or ditional Bounty on the Exportation of the
place, or chief magistrate of any city, or Silk Manufactures of Great Britain.
town corporate, residing or being next to March 21 .
or in thevicinity of the place, and acting CAP. XVI. For raising the Sum of
for the division or district where such per Eighteen Millions, by Exchequer Bills, for
son or persons shall have been enlisted , the Service of the year 1817.- March 29.
and not being an officer in the army, and The Bank of England may advance
before such justice or chief magistrate he £ 12,000,000 on the credit of this Act,
or they shall be at liberty to declare his notwithstanding the Act 5 and 6 Gul. and
or their dissent to such enlisting ; and , upon Mariæ .
such declaration , and returning the enlist- CAP. XVII. To repeal, during the Con
ing money, and also each person so dissent. tinuance of Peace, so much of an Act of the
ing paying the sum of twenty shillings for 9th year of his present Majesty as prohibits
the charges expended or laid out upon him , the Exportation of Pig and Bar Iron and
together with such full rate allowed by law certain Naval Stores, unless the Pre -emption
for the subsistence or diet and small beer thereof be offered to the Commissioners of
furnished to such recruit subsequent to the his Majesty's Navy.— March 29.

PATENTS LATELY ENROLLED.

JOHN RAFFIELD , of Edward Street, Portman nominates - The Sostinente Piano Forte .' Feb
Square , architect, for certain improvements on , ruary 1 ,
and additions to , his former patent, for an appara- WILLIAM BUNDY, Pratt Place , Camden
tus to be attached to fire-stoves of all deseriptions Town , mathematical instrument-maker, for ma
forrooms, for the removal of cinders and ashes, chinery for breaking and preparing flax and hemp,
and for the better prevention of dust arising there. February 1.
from , which said additions may be used jointly or JAMES ATKINSON WEST, Crane Court,
separately. January 10, 1817. Fleet Street, brass -worker and lamp-manufacturer,
TO JOSEPH de CAVAILLON , Sambrook Court, for improvements in, or on , lustres , chandeliers,and
London, gentleman , for improvements in the pre- lamps, of various descriptions, and in the manner
paring, clarifying, and refining of sugar, and other of conveying gasto the same. February 6.
vegetable, animal, and mineral substances,and in WILLIAM CLARK , Bath, Esq. for a contrive,
themachinery and utensilsused therein . Jan 23. ance called a safeguard to locks, applicable to locks
ROBERT DICKINSON ,Great Queen Street, in general, by which they may be so secured as to
Esq. for a method ormethods of preparing or pav- defy the attempts of plunderers using pick -locks or
ing streets and roads for horses and carriages, so as false keys. February 8.
to render the parts or pavements when so done ROBERT HARDY, Worcester, iron - founder,
more durable, and ultimately less expensive, than for improvements in the manufacturing of cast-iron
those in common use, and presenting otherimport- bushes or pipe-boxes for chaise , coach , waggon , and
ant advantages. January 23. all other sorts of carriage-wheels. February 20.
DANIEL WILSON , Dublin , gentleman, for RICHARD LITHERLAND, Liverpool, watch
improvements in the process of boiling and refining maker,for improvements in, or on, the escapement
sugar. January 23 . of watches. February 20.
GEORGE MONTAGUE HIGGINSON, of RICHARD HOLDEN , Stafford Street, StMary
Bovey Tracy, Devon, lieutenant in the navy , for le- bone, gentleman , for machines for producing
improvements in locks. February 1 . rotatory and pendulous motion in a new manner.
WILLIAM WALL, Wandsworth, watchmaker, February 20.
for a horizontal escapement for watches . Febru- DANIEL WHEELER, of Hyde Street, St George,
ary 1 . Bloomsbury, Middlesex, colour-maker, for a me
ISAAC ROBERT MOTT , Brighton , composer thod ofdrying and preparing malt. March 28.
and teacher of music, for a method of producing, EDWARD NICHOLAS , of Llangattock , Vibon
from vibrating substances, a tone or musical sound, Avell, Monmouthshire, farmer, for a plough , for
the peculiar powers in the managementhwhereof are the purpose of covering with mould wheat and
entirely new , and which musical instrumenthe de. other grain when sown , April 19.
 Register.- Public Accounts. 441
1817. )

payments e
Portugues

perpetual
Abstract of the Net Produce of the Revenue in the Years ending 5th January 1816, and

e
statement

Customs
included
Duties
respectiv

nclusive
England
interest

interest
payable
5th January 1817 ; and also the Total Produce of the Customs and Excise.

charged

under
quarter
cluded

period
priated
appro

(bofeing
Loans

made
cluded
Taxes

which
head
under
Irish

tTaxes
rom
debts
The

,iAct
from
them

eo
head
July
their

f1816
this
War

the re
the

ap
and

,War

, II
the
, nd

ing
5th
for

by
the
the

9
.end

of .I56
the
in
are
Year ending

., re
Year ending

on
the
of

)2
acG
aon
ex

of
in
to o
a
Jan. 5 , 1816 . Jan. 5 , 1817 .
CUSTOMS .
Customs, Consolidated , £1,891,478 £4,979,154
2,469,144 2,393,201
Ditto , Annual Duties,
Ditto , War Taxes, 3,126,900 1,008,366
Total Produce of Customs, 10,487,522 8,380,721
EXCISE .
Escise, Consolidated , 19,351,956 17,871,998

ted
'Ditto , Annual Duties , 595,950 534,124
Ditto , War Taxes , 6,614,526 4,462,074

Consolida
Customs
Total Produce of Excise, 26,662,432 22,868,196

Stamps , 5,865,413 5,969,721

.
Post Office , 1,548,000 1,426,000
Assessed Taxes , 6,214,987 5,783,322
Property Tax , 14,318,572 11,559,590
Land Taxes , 1,079,993 1,127,929
Miscellaneous, 366,867 241,190
Pensions, Offices, & c. 16 4,016

War
29,393,848 26,111,777
Total Net Revenue, 66,413,802 57,560,696

An Account of the Income of, and Charge upon , the Consolidated Fund in the Quarters
ended the 5th January 1816 and 1817 ; together with the Amount of War Taxes and
the Annual Duties, fc. to the same periods.
INCOME. 1816. 1817 .
Customs, £ 1,128,120 2 111 £ 1,317,383 18 113
Excise, 4,526,139 0 0 4,132,724 0 0
Stamps , 1,250,340 20 1,461,325 5 11
3,353,979 8 0 2,881,795 0 2
Incidents, &c. 422,397 8 14 361,327 4 8
Surplus Annuity Duties, 24,000 0 0
Exchequer Fees,
Tontine Money, 11,810 6 1 11,807 16 34
916,115 19 10 916,760 12 4
Interest, Ireland,
War Taxes, 614,035 17 47
5,5000 0 5,600 0 0
Reserved outof Annuity to Prince of Wales,
£ 12,522,438 4 4 £11,118,613 18 44
CHARGE . 1816. 1817.
Exchequer, &c. £293,043 8 7 £293,036 2 4
9,627,814 13 24 9,569,050 3 2
Bank Dividends, 2,829,291 6 8 2,828,716 14 1
Redemption National Debt,
Civil List, 257,0000 0 257,000 0 0
Estimated at

Pensions, & c. 120,233 16 OZ 252,166 19 5

£ 13,127,383 4 58 £ 13,200,000 0 0
604,945 0 13 2,081,386 1 7
Deficiency,
£ 12,522,438 4 4 £ 11,118,613 18 44
WAR TAXES. 1816. 1817.
Amount of War Taxes, £ 4,609,452 1993 £2,447,396 7 11
DeductWar Taxes carried to Consolidated Fund,' 614,035 17 41

War Taxes for the Public Service, 4,095,417 2 57 2,447,396 7 11

Amount of Duties annually voted to pay off3 mil.Excheq.Bills, 927,635 0 44 1,211,941 8 8
South Sea Duty , 1,642 15 8 743 17 51

43 per cent. 7,601 09 6,840 16 2

Exchequer , January 4, 1817. WM ROSE HAWORTH .

permanent
statement

compared

Abstract of the Net Produce of the Consolidated Fund , in the Quarters ended 5th April
Customs

addition
nearly
ma,aillion
creased

aisurplus
charge
badness
quarter
increas

quarter
, hiefly

arrears
extent
shewn
Excise

sThere
above
tperty
cshewn
Taxes
fallen

1815 , 1816 , and 1817.

from
made
have

this
he
whole
The
here
year

last
War

;Tax
har
The
this
this

Pro
byear
the
the

has
the

with
in
the
in

the
The s

as

Quarters ended 5th April 1815 .

of
of
by

has
off
ed

Ditto 1816 . Ditto 1817.

of
in

of
in
to

,y

£ 1,288,038 £ 1,394,639 £ 1,719,314

.

Customs,
Excise, 4,674,768 4,325,528 3,810,211
£,800,000.

Stamps , 1,278,576 1,520,536 1,492,611

Post Otice , 411,000 378,000 312,000
614,861
quarter

Assessed Taxes , 726,909 868,104

104,949 133,227 154,550
8being

Land Taxes ,
6£. 87,868

Property Tax , . 993,493

Miscellaneous, 58,160 72,712 98,194
£8,430,362 £ 8,551,551 £9,487,877
vest

Estimated 8,800,000
Charge upon Consolidated
Fund this quarter. Surplus,
.

687,877
442 Register . - Appointments, Promotions, fc. [ July

APPOINTMENTS, PROMOTIONS, & c.

I. CIVIL . 5D. G. Captain W. Walker to be Major by purch .

vice Ormsby, retires 29th May 1817
The dignity of a Baron of the United Kingdom Lieut. C. Walker to be Captain by purch.
granted to the Right Hon. Charles Abbot of Kid vice Walker do.
brooke, co . Sussex , late Speaker of the House of Cornet J. Watson to be Lieut. by purch .
vice Walker do .
Commons, and the heirs male of his body lawfully 6 Dr. W. Armstrong to be Lieut, by purch .
begotten , by the name, style , and title of Baron vice Linton , prom . do .
Colchester of Colchester , co . Essex .
Sir G.F. Hill, a Member of the Privy Council. Hon. E.S. Pery, from 16 Dr. to be
J. Becket, Esq. Judge Advocate General. Cornet, vice Armstrong do.
7 H. Visc . Barnard to be Lieut. by
Lord Strangford, Envoy Extraordinary and Min
ister Plenipotentiary at the Swedish Court. purch. vice Lord Urbridge 22d do .
The Right Hon. Charles Manners Sutton , Speak H.
Lysterto
Barnard
be Cornet by purch . vice Lord
er of theHouse of Commons , vice Right Hon . 29th do .
Charles Abbott, now Lord Colchester . 13 W. T. Cockburn to be Cornet by purch .
vice Ryan , prom . 22d do .
16 W. Graham to be Cornet by purch . vice
Pery , 16 Dr. 29th do.
19 J. H. Whitmore to be Cornet by purch.
II. ECCLESIASTICAL . vice Arnold , prom . 22d do .
S.C.of C. R. Buckham to be Cornet by purch .vice
The Right Hon. Lord Grey has presented the Tipping , prom . 5th June
Rev. George Addison, minister of Auchterhouse, 2Foot. Ensign F. P. Webber to be Lieut. vice Per
to the church and parish of Liff and Bervie , vacant rin, dead 22d May
by the death of the Rev. Dr Thomas Constable. J. Delany to be Ensign , vice Webber do .
Vans Hawthorn , Esq. of Garthland, has been 3 Assist. Surg. J. Martin , from 1 W. I. Regt,
pleased to appoint Mr James Anderson , preacher of to be Assist. Surg. vice Heathcote,dead
the gospel, to the church and parish of Stonnykirk , 29th do .
vacant by the death of the Rev. Henry Blair . 11 Gent. Cadet L. B. Wilford to be Ensign by
The Magistrates and Town Council of Forfar purch . vice Ancram , retired 5thJune
have elected Mr Wm Clugston of Glasgow , preach 12
Major Hon. Cecil Lowther, from10Dr, to
er , to be minister of that town and parish . be Lieut.-Col. vice Strike, ret. 20th April
The TownCouncil of Stirling have presented 18 Lieut. R.Meares, from 2 L. G. to be Capt.
the Rev. Mr Small of Stair to the second charge of by purch . vice Maj. Conolly , ret. 24 Mar.
that town and parish , vacant by the death of the 20 Rob . Dodd to be Ensign by purch. 5th June
Rev. Mr Russel. 22 Lieut. B. Le Sage to be Captain by purch .
The Town Council have presented Mr Clugston , vice Boyd, ret. do .
preacher of the gospel,tothat church and parish, Ensign R.M'Carthy, to be Lieut. by purch .
vaeant by the death of the Rev. Mr Bruce , vice Le Sage do .
Fred.Corfield, to be Ensign by purch. vice
M'Carthy do .
III. MILITARY.
24 Lieut . E. Č. Smith to be Capt. vice Hod
derwick , dead 29th May
Brevet Major M. Leggat, 35 F. to be Lieut.-Colonel Ensi gn R. Campbell to be Lieut . vice
Smith do .
in the army 21st June 1817
A. M'Kenzie to be Ens. vice Campbell do.
Geo. M‘Leod, R. E. to be do. do. 29 Capt. B. Wyld, from h. p. to be Paymaster,
Cha. M'Gregor, 70 F. do . do .
R. Lawson , R. Art. do . do.
vice Humphry , ret. upon h. p. 5th June
James Hughes, 18 Dr. do . do . 51 Ensign W.Johnstone, to be Lieut .by
purch. vice Lintott, 60 F. 29th May
P.Bainbridge,Per.A.Q.M.G.do. do . G. R. Abercrombie tó be Ensign by purch .
G. Marlay,h . p. 11 F. do. do . vice Johnstone do .
R. Anwyll, 4 F. do . do . 53 Ensign C. Williams to be Lieut, by purch .
G. Bar. During, late K.G.L.do. do. vice Price , prom . do .
0. G. Fehrzen , 63 F. do . do . A. Campbell to be Ensign by purch. do .
Wm Power , h . p. R. A. do . do . 55
K. Snodgrass , h .p. do. do . Ensign S.Roe, from h . p . 14 F. to beSurg.
22d do .
vice Sharp , dead
W. Balvaird , Rifle Brig. do. do . 58 Ensign W. W. Baines, from 53 F. to be
Sir J. R. Colleton , S. Cor. do . do .
Ens. vice Sage, ret. upon h . p. 53 F. do .
S. Stretton , 40 F. do . do . 60 Lieut. J. Lintott, from 51 F. to be Captain
T.E. Napier , h.p. Chas. Br. do. do . by purch . vice Baring, ret . 29th do .
N. Thorn , 3 F. do . do. 71 Ensign W. Stewart, from 27 F. to beEns.
W. H. Sewell, 60 F. do. do.
vice Henderson , ret. upon h. p. 27 F.
W. Dunbar, 66 F. do. do . 22d do,
W.L.Darling, h.p. 2 G. B. do. do, 77 Assist. Surg. W. F. Bow , from 27 F. to be
J. Thackwell , 15 Dr. do. do . Assist. Surg . vice Burke, ret. upon h. p.
A. Macdonald , R. Art. do . do . 27 Foot do .
H. Dumaresq ,h. p. 9 F. do . do, 81 Ensign R. Beadle to be Lieut. by purch .
Capt. G.W. Barnes, h. p . N. F. to be Major vice Home, prom . 24th March
in the army do. J. Badcock to be Ensign by purch . vice
E. T. Fitz Gerald , 12 F. do. do . Beadle 22d May
E. Knox , 31 F. do. do. 85
W. Moray, 13 Dr. do. do.
Capt. J. Knox to be Major by purch . vice
W. Rainey Deshon , ret. do .
do. do , Lieut. A. K. Charlton , to be Capt. by purch .
W. C. Holloway, R. Eng. do. do. vice Knox do .
N. Gledstanes, 68 F. do. do.
Ensign G. A. Thompson to be Lieut. by
J. Babington , 14 Dr. do . do. purch . vice Charlton do .
N. Eckersley, 1 Dr. do. do . Hon . H. R. Molyneux , to be Ensign
H. S. Blanckley, 23 F. do. do.
purch. viceThompson do.
T. H. Browne, h . p. 23 F. do . do . 95
Assist. Surg. W.G. Thompson , from 62 F.
Dan . Bouchier, R. Art. do . do. to be Assist. Surg . vice M'Andrew , ret.
H. G. Macleod, h . p. 35 F. do . do. upon h. p. 62 F. do .
Sir J. S. Lillie, Kt. 60 F. do. do .
99 G. Hogarth to be Ensign by purch , vice
W. Light, h. p. 28 F. do. do . Manness, ret . de ,
), G. Lieut. T.Ker, from h. p. 8 Dr. to be Pay 104 Ensign T. Pigott, to be Lieut. by purch .
master, vice Arscott, retires 14th May vice Le Couteur, prom . do ,
1817.) Register .- Appointments, Promotions, & c. 443
1W.I.R. Ass. Sur.vice
Surg. J. Brady,
Martinfm, 5 hF.. p.93
29thF.to
Maybe1817
Ass . Hosp. Assist.Wm Williams, from h.p. to be Hosp.
Assist . to the forces 13th May 1817 .
R.W.I.Ran. Lieut. R. S. Gordon , from 6 W, I. R. N. Gilmour, from h. . to be Hosp .
to be Lieut, vice Archer, ret. upon h . p. Assist. do . do .
6 W. I. Regt. 22d do . Assist. Storekeeper Gen. H. Gilbert to be Dep .
Storekeeper Gen. do . 9th do.
Staff J. Seaman to be Assist. Storekeeper Gen. do. do .
Staff Surg. C. Ryan , from h. p. to be Surg22d
forces
. toMy
the

Deaths.
General. Boggie, 83 F. 2 March 1817 Ensigns.
Lloyd, R. Art. 16 June 1817 Fordyce, 84 F. 15 Sept. 1816 Munns, 1 F. 21 Nov. 1816
Colonel. Considine, h. p. 104 F. Dickens, 24 F. 8 Nov.
Robbins, 69 F. 25 Dec. 1816 Gordon, 4 w . I. R. 24 Apr. 1817 J. Campbell (drowned ); 73 F.
Captains. M'Rae , R. Afr . C. 22 Jan. 27 Jan.
Margennis, 69 F. 1 Oct. Stewart, R: W.I. Ran . 18 March Haswall, do , do . do ,
White, R. York R. 5 April 1817 Hone, 1 Ceylon Regt. Coane, do . do. do .
Wheeler, 1 Cey. R. 21 Nov. 1816 Roberts, 2 do. Dover, 87 F. 10 Dec , 1816
Yorke, R. Eng: 2 Sept. 1817 Bruel, late Ger. Leg. 12 April Pay-Master.
Lieutenants. Dennis, R. Art. Prentico, E. Nor.Mil. 4 Apr. 17
3 Jure |
R. J. Shaw, 24 Dr. 28 Nov. 1816 | Davies, Inv. B. R. Art. 13 May Assistant Surgeon .
Halliday , 19 F. Tyler, W. Lond. Militia, 4 April Johnson , 5 Dec. 1816
Ward , 53 F. 4 Sept. Ferguson, Lanark Mil. :24 May Miscellaneous.
Mulligan, 69 F. 23 Oct. Robertson , do. 1 do. Bell, Dep. Assist. Com. Gen. at
R. Wilson, 80 F. 18 do . Trinidad , 6 May 1817

IV. NAVAL .

Promotions.
Names . Names . Names .
Captain . J. C.Heaslop Surgeon .
Houston Stewart uperannuated Commanders. Andrew Montgomery
Commanders, John Lucas Assistant Surgeon .
J. P. Parkin Henry Dayrell Henry Murray
Rob . R. Felix Lieutenant.
Charles Moore James Robertson

Appointments.
Names . Ships. Names . Ships .
Captains. Blossom T. P. Thomas
Fred. Hickey Rosario
Hon . C. O. Bridgeman Icarus Rob. Hawkey Severn
John Mackellar Pique Rob . Fulton Tiber
R. R. Felix Rifleman Surgeons.
Houston Stewart Salisbury Charles Carter Britomart
Gordon S. Falcon Tyne E. P. Wilks Florida
Lieutenants Assistant-Surgeons.
Wm G. Martin Bulwark John Gilchrist Alban
Sydney King Heron J. W. Reid Brazen
Charles B. Louis Impregnable Charles Douglas Forth
Allen G. Field Ister Wm Donelly Ganymede
George Graham Stewart Ramillies A. J. Hughes Hope
Benj. Bayntun Salisbury Wm Simpkins Hydra
Ed. B. Stewart Saracen James Boyle Prometheus
Bart . Bonifant Sir F. Drake Robert Somerville Severn
Thomas C. Sherwin Starling David Elder Tigris
Charles C. Griffin Swan John Wilson Weymouth
W. C. Courtney Tigris Chaplains.
Marines. Charles Arthur Sage Albion
1st Lieuts . Wm Murray Scamander Robert Willis Pactolus
John Cockell Severn W. J. Haswell Pique
Geo . A. Bristow Tigris Pursers.
2d Lieuts. Thos.Blakeney Rochfort Wm Paine Active
John Hackett Severn James Rudall Blossom
Hugh Evans Ditto George Wallis Brazen
Masters. Benj. Heather Icarus
Wm Sidney Erne Daniel Long Scamander
Wm Smith Ganymede J. L. Lellyett Tyne
 Register.- Commercial Report. [ July

COMMERCIAL REPORT.

COLONIAL PRODUCE.- Sugar.- The expected supplies having arrived , and large
quantities being broughtinto the market, prices declined
considerably during the first two
weeks of last month . These are, however, again improving a little, owing to considerable
purchases being made for the Continent, principallyfor Holland and Belgium . Refined
Sugars continue to meet an extensive demand , and parcels are readily sold the moment
they are brought into the market. Molasses are also in brisk demand. Considerable
sales of Foreign Sugars have been effected , but without any variation in prices.-- Rum
exceedingly dull, and may be purchased at a reduction of 2d.to 3d. per gallon-Cott
since our
last. - Coffee continues in steady demand, without much variation in prices . on .
Pernambucco has been in considerable request, and nearly the whole in the market has
been purchased for exportation ; price 2s. to 2s. ld. Other sorts without variation , though
in considerable demand.- -Spices . - Company's Pepper, of good quality, in considerable
request . A parcel was lately withdrawn at 8 £d. Jamaica Ginger isalso in demand ; price
£ 14, 11s. - Tobacco in very limited demand, and without variation .
EUROPEAN PRODUCE .-- Hemp, Flax , and Tallow , without much variation in prices .
Parcels of Hemp for arrival have been sold at £37 to £37, 158.-- Ashes very dull, and
prices considerably lower.
We state again , with much pleasure, that our intelligence from the different Manufac
turing districts continues favourable. Trade is reviving slowly ; and the best proof of it
is, that all the workmen are now in employment. Wages have also risen , though , we
doubt, not yet in proportion to the prices of provisions. In Glasgow and some other
places, we know for a fact, that those charitable establishments which had been formed
for distributing soups, & c. have been given up , as no longer necessary .

Premiums of Insurance at Lloyd's. - Aberdeen , Dundee, &c. 15s. 9d. to 20s. Africa ,
2 gs. American States, 35s. to 40s. Belfast, Cork , Dublin , 15s. 9d. Brazils, 2 gs.
Hamburgh, & c. 10s. 6d. to 12s. 6d. Cadiz, Lisbon, Oporto, 20s. to 25s. Canada, 40s.
to 50s. Cape of Good Hope, 2} gs. Smyrna, & c. 3gs. East Indies, out and home, 7 gs.
France, 10s. 6d. to 15s. Jamaica, 2 gs. to 50s. Leeward Islands, 35s. to 40s. Ma .
deira , 20s. to 25s. Malta, Italian States, & c. 2 gs. Malaga, 2 gs. Newfoundland, & c .
30s. Portsmouth , Falmouth , & c. 10s. 6d. River Plate, 3 gs. Stockholm , St Peters
burgh , & c. 15s. 9d . to 20s.

Course of Exchange, London , July 10 .-- Amsterdam , 38 : 6 B. 2 U. Agio of the

Bank, 2. Paris, 24 : 80, 3 days. Hamburgh, 35 : 5 : 2 U. Dublin, 125.

Prices of Gold and Silver , per oz. - Portugal gold, in coin, £ 3 : 19 : 0. New doub
loons, £ 3 : 15 : 6. New dollars, £ 0 : 5 : 1. Foreign gold, in bars, £ 3 : 19 : 0 . Silver,
in bars, stand. £0 : 5 : 2.

Weekly Price ofStocks, from 1st to 30th June 1817.

3d . 10th , 17th. 23d . 30th ,

Bank stock , 257 2574 260 267 274

3 per cent. reduced ... 727 721 723, 73} 75% 75
3 per cent. consols ,
4 per cent. consols,
73
90
1 90 911 95% 947
5.per cent. navy ann.com 105 1054 105
Imperial 3 per cent. ann ..
India stock , 215] 218
bonds, 82 pm . 83 pm . 87 pm . 88 , 90pm . 100pm .
Exchequer bills, 3d. p . day 12 pm . 12 pm . 13 pm . 11 , 13pm . 10, 11pm .
Consols for acc . w 735 73 742 761,77 763
American 3 per cent. 63 , 64
– new loan ,6p.cent. -
103, 1031
French 5 per cents. common 66. 50 66. 35 66 66 65.60
1
 5119111
1817. ) Register .- Commercial Report. 445
PRICES CURRENT.

***1%03*
SUGAR, Musc. LEITH. GLASGOW. LIVERPOOL . per
B. P. Dry Brown , 68 @ 74 66 @ 69 60 @ 68 cwt
Mid. good, and fine mid. 71 84 70 83 69 77
Fine and very fine, 85 90 84 87 79 83
Refined , Double Loaves, 145 155
Powder ditto , 118 124
Single ditto, 114 120 114 116 114 118
Small Lumps, 112 116 110 116 120
Large ditto , 108 110 106 106 111
Crushedi Lumps, 63 66 63 65
MOLASSES , British , 30 29 30 30
COFFEE , Jamaica
Ord. good, and fine ord. 76 80 75 84 71 79
Mid. good, and fine mid . 80 100 85 89 80
Dutch , Triage and very ord . 60 70 60 72
Ord . good, and fine ord . 74 82 76 74 81
Mid. good, and fine mid . 82 100 82 95
St Domingo, -
76 80 75 82
PIMENTO ( in Bond ), 7 -
72 64 7 lh .
SPIRITS , Jamaica Rum , 16 0.P. 3$ 6d 3s 9d 38 ya 3s 8 3s 5 3s 7 gall.
Brandy , 7 6 7 9
Geneva, 3 10 4 0
Grain Whisky , 7 0 7 3
WINES, Claret, 1st Growths, 45 50 hhd .
Portugal Red , 40 45
pipe.
Spanish White, 34 46 butt.
Teneriffe , 30 35
Madeira, 60 70
pipe.
LOGWOOD, Jamaica, £7 £ 8 £ 7 0 £ 7 10 £8 0 ton .
Honduras , 8 9 8 0 -
0 8 15
Campeachy, 9 10 8 0 90 0 9 10
Fustic , Jamaica , 10 8 10 90 8 10 10 0
Cuba, 14 13 0 13 10
INDIGO, Caraccas fine, 9s 6d 1ls 6d8s 6 9s 6 98 0 11s 6 lb.
TIMBER, American Pine, 2 3 2 6 1 7 1 8 foot.
Ditto Oak , 4 6
Christiansand (duties paid ), 2 2 2 3 -

Honduras Mahogany, 0 11 1 1 0 10 1 8 0 11 1 1
1836

St Domingo ditto , 1 2 3 0 0 2 6
LOI

TAR, American , 14 15 14 15 brl.

Archangel, 20 21 18 20 18 20
!

Pitch , Foreign , 14 cwt.

TALLOW , Russia Yellow Candle , 54 55 54 55 58 59
Home Melted , 57
111111

HEMP, Riga Rhine, £ 42 £ 43 £45 £ 46 £ 54 ton .

Petersburgh Clean , 39 40 42 44 44
FLAX, Riga Thies. and Druj. Rak. 66 67
Dutch , 50 60
*****

Irish , 52
Mats, Archangel, £ 6 0 £ 6 6 100 .
BRISTL ES, Petersburgh Firsts, 16 10 £17 cwt.
Ashes, rgh
Petersbu Pearl, 63s
Montreal ditto , 68s 70s 66s 61s 61s 6
Pot, 52 54 56 57 58
IIIIIIII

OIL , Whale, £ 35 £ 36 tun .

Il

Cod , 55 ( p.brl. ) £ 32
TOBACCO, Virginia fine, 11 . 12 | 112 12 9 0 102 lb.
middling, 9 102 10 101 0 72
inferior , 89 09 8! 9 6
Cottons, Bowed Georgia , . 1 6 1 1 4 1
Sea Island , fine, 2 6 2 8 2 4 2 5
good , 2 5 2 6 2 1 2 3
middling, 2 3 2 4 11 2 0
Demerara and Berbice, 1 10 2 0 1 84 2 04
West India , 17 1 1 6 1 8
Pernambuco , 2 1 2 2 2 0 2 1
Maranham , 5 2 0 2 1 1 10 1 111
VOL. I. 2 L
446 Register . - Commercial Report.
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF ENGLISH BANKRUPTCIES, announced between the 1st and
30th June 1817, extracted from the London Gazette .
Adam , W. Lambcth , timber -merchant
Aldred , J. Chertsey , grocer
Allen , B. Guilford Street, London , stable -keeper
Andrews, D. jun . Plymouth , grocer .
Anthony, R. Plymouth, ironmonger
Antrobus, J. Castleton , manufacturer
Balaam , W. Northampton, painter
Banks, D. Stonehouse, ship-builder
Banks, G. Plymouth, jeweller
Beare, J. Cheapside, London , merchant
Booth , W. Bentalee, horse -dealer
Boyce, J. Bordesley , brass- founder
Boyes, J. jun . Warnsford, carpet-manufacturer
Bradley, R. Warrington, upholsterer
Bridge, J. Marple, shopkeeper
Britten , G. Walcot, victualler
Broadbelt, R. Markington -with -Wallerthwaite,
miller
Bryant, J. sen . Hadley, inn -holder
Burleigh, J. Bristol, brass-founder
Bennet, A. Sherard Street , London , tailor *
Bill , R. jun . Wolverhampton , carrier
Bell. w . Brampton,Cumberland ,brandy-merchant
Brentnall, J. Ilkiston, Derby, farmer
Coote , c. T. Sutton, grocer
Curtis, R. & T. Hall, Angel Court, London , mer-
chants
Crook , R. Bolton , inn -keeper
Cumberbach, J. H. Eccleshall, scrivener
Cooper, T. Wormwood Street , London , vender of
spiritous liquors
Deane, H. Marthall, maltster
Deeble, W. H. Bristol, ironmonger
Dixon , T. R. & G. & J. Heckman, Spitalfields,
sugar-refiners
Donovan, D. V. I. of Tortola, merchant
Dury, H. Banbury , scrivener
Darwin, J. & T. White, Clement's Court, Milk
Street, London, wholesale hosiers
Elgar, R. Burnham , Westgate, Norfolk , grocer
Evans, H. Cheaps.de, London, silk -mercer
Fisher, W. Lambeth , mariner
Fletcher, F. A. Oldham, cotton-spinner
Forster, E. Rickergate, Carlisle, grocer
Fisher, W. Union Place, Lambeth , & E. England
Hughes, Red Lion Square, London , merchants
Goodhall ,' w. & J. Turner, Garlick Hill, London ,
merchants
Graves, w . Falconbury Court, London , coach-
master
Gray, R.jun Leeds, merchant
Grange, T. & F. Dunn , Patley Bridge, Yorkshire ,
cabinet makers
Gedrych , G. Bristol, dealer
Harris, W. Exminster, dealer
Hartley,
turer
P. Nether Knutsford, cotton -manufac-
Hayward, R. D. Plymouth , grocer
Hellyer, J. Lloyd's Coffee-house, insurance-broker
Hindley, T. H. Liverpool, merchant
Hinton , J. L. Plymouth, grocer
Hor!ges, W. Kew, cor -dealer
Hodgson , R. Bishop -Wearmouth, baker
Hodgkins, R. Stafford , dealer
Holditch , G. & W. Hannah , Bankside, coal-mer.
chants
Horn , W. Limehouse, sail-maker
Henlock, W. late of Distaff Lane, London, sugar- ' Young, G. Lawrence Pountney- hill, London , mer
baker
ALPHABETICAL List of Scotch BANKRUPTCIES, announced between the 1st and
30th June 1817, extracted from the Edinburgh Gazette.
Brown , Wm , sen . Edinburgh , merchant
Borland , James, Kilmarnock , inn-keeper
Campbell , Quintin , Woodhaven , Pife , vintner
Deuchrass , J. Glasgow , merchant and auctioneer
Graham , John , Blackdyke , coal and lime-merchant
Gunn , Robert, & Son , Brownfield , Glasgow , dyers
Leviston , John , Greenock , ship -owner and trader
Marsden, William , Anderston , Glasgow , machine-
maker
Mackintosh , Jas, Kinchyle, near Inverness, wood-
merchant, road -contractor, and cattle -dealer
Maclellan , John & Andrew , Lochowmhead , Skye,
wood -merchants
Rochead , Andrew , & Son , Edinburgh , musical in-
strument makers
Taylor, Thomas, Melrose, merchant
[ July
Henderson ,W. Great St Helen's, London , merchant
Harley, J. Gosport, Southampton , soap-manufac
turer
Janson , J. C. St Swithin'sLane, London , merchant
Jeffrey, H. New Sarum , druggist
Jones, T. Birmingham , woollen -draper
Jordan , E. Norwich , engineer
Jollie, J. Carlisle, book -printer
Johnson, W. sen. and T. Liverpool, coach -makers
Knowles , R. Bolton , collier
Leaney, T. Maidstone, nurseryman
Levin, M. & M. Josephs, Mansell Street, London ,
merchants
Lovell, W. Silston , victualler
Luffe , H. Benhall , farmer
Lowe, W. Birmingham , victualler
Mackenzie, H. Bartholomew Lane, London , banker
Marshall, J. Bramley, collar-maker
Matthews, P. Hagley, maltster
Matthews, S. sen . Brixham , ship -builder
Mells, T. Liss, maltster
Meyer, J. Howford Buildings, London , merchant
Moorsom , G. Westhoe, ship-owner
Mackenzie, c . L'elahay Street, London , merchant
Monk , J. Chaddington , cattle-dealer
Ogilvie, w : Queen'sElms, Brompton ,merchant
O'Reilly, T. Lawrence Pountney -hill, merchant
Prior, W. Locksbottom , Kent, inn -keeper
Postgate , R. Great Driffield, tanner
Roberts , R. Quebec Street , London , tailor
Rogers , J. Cauchridge, cooper
Roads, w . late of Oxford , grocer
Roadknight, T. sen. Aldersgate Street, London ,
saddler
Sanderson , R. Acklam -upon -the Wolds, farmer
Savage, W. Corporation Row , London , watch
maker
Senior, R. Bristol, clothier
Stringer, J. H. Canterbury, woollen -draper
Strong, G.Exeter , ironmonger
Simpson, G. Upper Grosvener Street, London ,
mariner
Scurr, R. Thirsk , watchmaker
Taylor, E. Sandal Magna , corn -dealer
Todd , R. Pontefract, grocer
Tootal, J. Minories , corn -factor
Trexler, T. Albion Buildings, London , silk -manu .
facturer
Tripp , J. R. Congresbury, miller
Tripp, R. Bristol, draper
Trafford , T. Kirklington, Oxford, coal-dealer
Treham, R. Nawto!, Yorkshire , farmer and ma
chine -maker
Warren , J. Suffolk Street, London , blacking -ma
nufacturer
Warrington , O. Manchester, linen -draper
Weiller, H. London Street, London, merchant
Wheeler, J. Stratford -on -Avon, coal-trader
Whitmore , J. Manchester, cotton -dealer
Winship, T. Mount Greenwich , merchant
Winterbottom , G. Lawrence Pountney -hill, Lon
don , merchant
Wood , M. Myton , merchant
Wrigsiesworth , J. Barnet, farmer
Wiiliams, M. Manchester , victualler
Wilkinson , J. jun. Newcastle-upon - Tyne, ship
owner
chant.
Wilson , D. & Co. Westpans, near Musselburgh ,
potters
Walker, Gaan , Milton -mill, Ayrshire, miller and
grain -dealer.
DIVIDENDS .
Brown, James, & Co. Glasgow , merchants ; by J.
Lindsay, 24 , Virginia Street, there , 30th July.
Burman , Peter, Castleton of Eassie, farmer and
cattle -dealer ; by Wm Hutchison , writer, Forfar,
26th June
Bannatyne (the late), Rich . Edinburgh , woollen
draper ; by Wm Wotherspoon , accountant, 71 ,
Prince's Street, 1st July
Boyd Jol.n , Roadhead, joiner ; by James Inglis ,
writer, Hawick, 20th June
 1817.) Register--Agricultural Report.
Cory & Glassford, Glasgow , merchants ; by Berry,
Bogle, & Co.
Cook , Neil, Greenock , merchant; by Wm Kerr,
vintner there, 25th July
Douglas, T. Glasgow , merchant; by Don . Cuth-
bertson , accountant, Stirling Street, 28th June
Dawson & Marshall, Edinburgh , tanners ; by G.
H. Simpson , trustee, St Mary's Wynd , 19th July
Gibson & Peat, Edinburgh , merchants ; by John
Pattison , jun. W. S. 20, Abercromby Place.
Lawson , George, Edinburgh, tanner ; by John
Learmonth , merchant there, 230 June
447
Lawson , James, Dundee, flesher and ship -owner ;
by Patrick Anderson, merchant there, 27th July
Marshall, Rob. Kelso , saddler; by James Main ,
cabinet-maker there , 16th July
M'Gown, J. & G. Glasgow, manufacturers; by
John M'Gavin , accountant there, 8th August
Scott & M.Bean, Inverness, merchants ; by John
Jameson, banker there, 16th July
Stewart, Cha. Pitnacree, merchant; by John Duff,
merchant, Dunkeld, 18th July
Park , Lawson , & Co. Greenock, merchants ; by
Agnew Crawford , merchant there, 24th July.

AGRICULTURAL REPORT.

SINCE thedate of our last Report, a very favourable change has taken place in the
appearance of the crops ; and if the present fine weather continue for another month , we
may calculate with certainty on the commencement of a very abundant harvest. The
heatof the last fortnight of June, and the late mild showers, have not only given health
and luxuriance to the plants, which before that period were feeble and stationary, but
seem to have called a great many into existence almost instantaneously, and of an ad
vanced growth , to occupy the spaces which , from the ravages of insects and other causes ,
were then vacant. The price of grain , particularly of wheat, has fallen considerably ; and
as the quality is so generally inferior as not to hold out much encouragement to reserve
any large proportion of what remains to be worked up with the new crop, the probability
is, that the market will continue to be abundantly supplied, from the anxiety of the hold .
ers to get quit of it before better grain come into the market. Yet it ought to be remem
bered , that what one month of most propitious weather has done, another of an opposite
character way in a great degree counteract ; and in our northern climate much must de
pend upon the weather for three months to come. — The harvest has already begun in the
south of France, and in some other parts of the Continent, and from all quarters the Re
ports are favourable. - Hay is generally a good crop, but the saving of it has been retard
ed, in this part of the island, by thecloseness and humidity of the atmosphere for some
days. Pastures have been very productive for several weeks, and the demand for stock
has improved . The price of butcher meat has varied little for the last month . There
is now a good supply of early potatoes in the Edinburgh market, a larger quantity hav
ing been grown this season than usual. On the 8th instant, best oatmeal was still 4s. 8d.
per stone of 17} lb. avoidupois, the quarter loaf 15d., and potatoes 18d. per peck of
28 lb.
14th July .
London , Corn Exchange, July 7. London Markets continued .
Wheat, per qr. S. s. Beans, old S. S. New Rapeseed , per last, £ 46 to £48.-Linseed Oils
Select samples 125 to 132 per quarter • 65 to 70 Cake, at the mill, £ 12, 0s. per thousand . - Rape.
-White runs . 70 to 120 -Tick 40 to 46 Cake, £ 9 to £ 0, Os.
-Red ditto . . 60 to 115 -Old • 62 to 66
Rye . 50 to 62 Pease , boiling 56 to 66
C

Barley English 32 to 50 - Gray 50 to 56 Liverpool, July 8.

Malt . 65 to 86 Brank 50 to 65 . Wheat, s. d .
s. d. , Rapeseed , per
Oats, Feed (new ) 20 to 37 Flour, per sack 105 to 110 per 70 libs. last £42 to £ 45
-Fine . . 39 to 42 –Second 90 to 100 English 16 6 to 18 o Flour , English , s.
-Poland (new ) 20 to 40 -Scotch 90 to 95 New 15 0 to 18 0 per 240 Ib . old 80 to 86
-Fine . 42 to 45 Pollard , per qr. 22 to 28 Foreign 14 6 to 18
. new 0 to 0
• .

- Potato (new ) 40 to 48 - Second . 14 to 18 . Irish New 9 0 to 10 6 |Irish , p. 240 lb. 0 to 0

-Old 0 to O Bran . 10 to 12 Oats per 45 lb. American, per 196 lb.
-Foreign ... 20 to 44 Eng. potato 60 to 6 9 Sweet 66 to 67
Beans, pigeon . 46 to 53 Quart. loaf 19d . Irish ditto .00 to 0 0 Sour .55 to 57
Wheat and Barley have experienced a further drop ditto , new 5 3 to 6 3 Oatmeal, per 240 lb.
of 6s. per quarter. Scotch potato 5 9 to 6 6 English 56 to 58
common 5 3 to 5 9 Scotch 52 to 54
Seeds, fc.-- July 7. Barley, per 60 libs. Irish . 50 to 54
Mustard , brown , s. s. Hempseed , new s. S. English 7 6 to 9 0 Bran , p. 240lb. 1 9 to 1 10
Old, per bush . 14 to 18 per quar . 96 to105 Irish , old 0 0 to 00
-New ditto 10 to 16 Cinquefoil 28 to 35
. new 7 0 to 80 Provisions, fc.
- Old White 8 to 10 Rye-grass(Pacey )28 to 34 For . p. qr . 7 6 to 8 3 Butter, per cwt. 1.
-New ditto 5 to 8 - Common 10 to 25 Rye, per qr. 65 0 to 70 O Belfast, ist , none.
Tares 8 to 10 Clover, English , Malt p. b.old 14 0 to 14 6 Waterford 84 to 85
Turnip , green -Red , per cwt. 40 to 96 new 12 6 to 13 o Cork , pickled , 2d 0 to 0)
round 0 to 0 - White 12 to 95 Beans , per quar. new 98
-White . 0 to 0 - For. red 40 to 92 English 70 to 75 Beef, mess , per
.

-Red O to 0White o 40 to 90 new 55 to 60 tierce 30 to 100

-Swedish wh . 0 to 0 Trefoil 4 to 25 Irish
0 to O Rib grass
.
none. Tongues, p. fir. 32 to 34
yellow 12 to 40 Peas, per quar. Pork ,mess, p.bar.86 to 90
Canary, per qr. 75 to 80 Carraway(Eng .) 48 to 60 -Gray none. Bacon , per ewt.
-New 45 to 36 -Foreign 45 to 54 White 70 to 84 -Short middles 58 to 66
Heinpseed 115 to 126 Coriander 8 to 14 -Sides 54 to 60
 CORN
OF
PRICES
AVERAGE
GAZETTE
,FROM
LONDON
.THE
sit

Quarter
the
By
Winchester
Bushels
Oatmeal
aEight
of
of
lbs
140nd
Boll
Avoirdupois
,fper
rom
received
Returns
Official
the
ending
Week
,1817
28
June
.in
COUNTIES
.INLAND MARITIME
COUNTIES
CONTINUED

Wheat.
.
ye
Rarley
ats
eans
ease
atm
OB.P(Wheat Wheat
R
.O.BP.Oye
arley
ats
Beans
ease
atm
S. .sd .sdd
.sd s d
.s
.
d S. s.d.dsd..

2d ......42s.63.
1st, ......51s. Od.
8.
Middlesex
Suffolk
131
11
0054
122
643
841
40
151
5
164
4154
.00155
30 0 8
Wheat.

..
.1Cambridg
Surrey
015
080
066
123
90
958
051
8.27
00
5
8 042
188
85
00
03
e
Hertford
452
103
050 8.36 .Norfol
1135
1
04
0
10
019 00
324
0.48824 k
0149
08 0
1st,......546. Od .

Bedford
3d, ......36s. Od .
2d , ......42s. Od.

051
546
4 968
4397
190
055
7,566
.05704
8
76incoln
0L010 0
110
Huntingdon
3
0 4
408445
0,58 Yor
....k 100 0.49
41
472
93
3.53
0 0.386
.1Northampt Durham
..
Register

0415
58 137
10
651
0
00 93 30
5
56
11
00
076
Rutland
90
105 06
5 39
6 Northumb
.856
53
10 7
1
957966
00
078
652
2
0.41
0
Leicester
120 5
08 456
456
868
037 Cumberland
80
10
658
067
379
0000
Barley .

00 6
Nottingham
115
057
2820 55
86041
000 91
Westmorind
20.64
05984
3
0
055
Derby 121 .
... 0
11
96
L ancaster
806
0.36
064
679
0410
3
9
00 750
1st,...... 385. Od

116
80
0Stafford
351
00
372
20
0.53 117
!0
11
80.46
Chester
0 166
0 38
-.

Salop
5
3
6
385
0
062
F06
40 1
.122
4
20 08
0
7
9
3
260lint
0
Barley .

Denbeigh
Hereford
1
96
5
310
.1102
476
2
000
341
8.36
3
.149
11 8
62
7
4
0034
5/55
Meteorological

Worcester
Anglesea
1
.10
0580
3
061
39
5061
01
00151
00
01139
2
1 Warwick
8.3
05
0 9
00
4/47
038
4560
6
4 05
Carnarvon
126
0.66
647
95
410
1st....... Os. Od.

4
3d , ...... Os. Od.
2d, ...... Os. Od .

Merioneth
Wilts
.1340
80
100
06055
10/38
30
010
6
8
0
10
044
00613 5
Berks
125
558
2
00 4
0.55 Cardigan
116
1st,......

400 0
2
0
0001460
Oat

Oxford
Pembroke
0 93
7120
00
70
00
3,57
34
055
00
6,63 02017
s.

00
117
....
Bucks
C
114
29
10
0172
455
640480
8 49
36armarthen
38s.

06
0
5
128
Glamorcan
44 20
HADDINGTON.J

Brecon
... 3676
773
8117
40604
11 51
116 Gloucester
.1100
841 059
Od.

Montgomry
0
074457
120,50 0018
Radnor 10
0 632
20
..143 0157
UL

... 7.40
Somerset
7133
010
048
01698138
0
Report

130
Monmouth
20107 04 00
0
01
Oats.

MARITI ME
.COUNTIES Dev 31
10
0166
50
136
EDINBURGH . - July 9.

...on 00
00
10900
10154
039
644
Essex
618
(1Cornwall
00
100
105
3
8
0161
116
5
11.

0000
Kent 60
110
0
854
1 019
81
0056
7
8
11 9
Dorset
03135
00 2
007
3d , ...... 26s. 6d.
1st,......37s. Od.
2d, ......32s. Od .

132
039
0Sussex
50
613
010
615
.

00146
H
834
30
1152
6
9
0
01
0
01 ants
0
Average of wheat, £ 1 : 16 : 1: 2-12ths.
Average of wheat,' £2 : 0 : 3,Yper boll.'

METEOROLOGICAL REPORT.
:
Wales
and
England
All
Pease .

-.--
5Barley
R*W78. 14s
0.
heat
7s
00
ye
75.
-Oats
1s
P2d
,.-B3164d eans
ease
d5s
0.
5Oatmeal
Big
.Oor eer
-B.,4sd2s
Average
Prices
Maritime
Twelve
f
Corn
Districts
quarter
the er
oor
,fpof
Week
.21
June
ending
,17ROats
.--
.I8d
B5-.Wheat 11s
0.
0s
arley
ld
d5s
eans
ease
6s
58.
310ddye
P298.
the
for
Scotland
of
Average
immediately
Weeks
.Four
June
15th
preceding
3d , ......30s. Od.
2d, ......34s. Od .
1st,...... 38s. Od .
Pease & Beans.
[

, 7s 1d
ye
darley
ats
2s
or 4 Winchester bushels ; that ofbarley and oatsnearly 6 Winchester bushels.

O-41..9,635s eans
s2s
Pease
atmeal
d4s
73B58-RWheat
July

Beans.

4Beer
Big
.2or
, d5s

The common observation, that the feelings area very fallacious test of the temperature

onetime to be threatened withperpetual winter. Howwillit surprise some, in the midst

be heard in the country but comparisons between June 1817 and June 1816, and congra

egree and two-tenthshigher than that of the same month last year ; that the average of
of the weather, has been strikingly illustrated during themonth of June. Nothing is to

ftheir rejoicings, to be informed that the mean temperature of June 1817 is barely one
tulations on thesupposed return of summer to these northernregions, which appeared at
1st, ......37s. Od. ( 1st, .....37s. Od .
3d,...... 25s. Od. 3d, ...... 28s. Od. 3d , ......25s. Od . 3d, ......31s. Od. 3d ,......31s. Od .
2d,...... 33s. Od. 2d, ......32s. Od. | 2d, ...... 34s. Od . 2d , ...... 34s. Od .

Note . - The boll of wheat, beans, and pease, is about 4 per cent more than half a quarter ,
1817.) Register. - Meteorological Report. 449
the greatest daily heat is only half a degree more ; and that the actual temperature at 10
a . m . is even lower this year than last. The thermometer last year stood once at 73, and
once at 72, during the month of June ; this year it stood once at 76, once at 73, once at
72, once at 71 , and once at 7010 During June 1817, the temperature rose 18 times to
60 and upwards ; but during the same month 1816, it rose in the same way 22 times.
From various other circumstances that might be stated , we suspect that the present year
has appeared warmer, only because there has been more' sunshine, which has of course
produced an astonishing difference in the appearance of the crops. The moist state of the
atmosphere, too , might perhaps prevent evaporation at night, to the same extent as pre
vailed last year, which would of course prevent also the same depression of temperature.
This conjecture is confirmed by two facts. In the first place, the average height of the
hygrometer, at 10 p. m . for June lastyear, was 141 - this year it is only 10h ; and in the
second place, the difference between the mean temperatures of the two years is almost
wholly owing to the difference between the temperatures of the nights.

METEOROLOGICAL TABLE, extracted from the Register kept on the Banks of the
Tay, four miles east from Perth ,Latitude 56 ° 25', Elevation 185feet .
JUNE 1817.
Means. Extremes.
THERMOMETER. Degrees. THERMOMETER. Degrees .
Mean of greatest daily heat, 62.983 Greatest heat, 25th day , 76.000
cold , 48.366 Greatest cold , 14th , 41.000
temperature , 10 A. M. 57.233 Highest, 10 A. M. 25th , 70.500
10 P. M. 51.583 Lowest ditto , 14th , 49.500
of daily extremes, 55.675 Highest, 10 P. M. 24th, 62.000
10 A. M. and 10 P. M. 54.408 Lowest ditto . 14th , 46.000

BAROMETER . Inches . BAROMETER. Inches .

Mean of 10 A. M. ( temp. of mer . 59° ) 29.643 Highest, 10 A. M. 16th , 30.070
10 P. M. (temp. of mer . 59) .
29.662 Lowest ditto , 14th , 29.110
. , both , (temp. of mer. 59 ) 29.652 Highest, 10 P. M. 15th , 30.160
Lowest ditto , 13th, 29.200
HYGROMETER (LESLIE'S .) Degrees.
Mean dryness, 10 A. M. 24.233 HYGROMETER. Degrees.
· 10 P. M. 10.500 Highest , 10 A. M. 5th , . 45.000
. of both , 17.366 Lowest ditto , 28th, 5.000
Rain in inches and decimals, 4.345 Highest, 10 P. M. 7th , 22.000
Evaporation in ditto , 2.050 Lowest ditto , .
19th , 2.000
Fair days 12 ; rainy days 18. Wind west of meridian , including North , 14 ; East of meridian ,
including South , 16.

METEOROLOGICAL TABLE, extracted from the Register kept at Edinburgh, in

the Observatory, Calton - hill.
N. B.-The Observations are made twice every day, at eight o'clock in the morning , and eight o'clock
inthe evening.
Attach . Attach
Ther. Barom . Ther. Wind. Ther . Barom . Ther. Wind .

M.49 29.551 M.54 ) N.W. Fair, and June 16 M.51/29.982 M.55 Cloudy, with
June 1
E. 49 .389 E. 53 mild . E. 54 .811 E.56 ) W. showers .
M.51 .351 M.55 M.59 .762 4.62 Cblc.
2 Cble. Cloudy. 27 { E. 571 .698 E. 62 Fair . '
E. 48 .244 E. 55
M.50 .160 M.54 S.W. Showers. 18
M , 19 .614 M.58 E. Fair
3 E. 49 .534 E.57 )
E. 51 .175 E. 55
M.53 28.704 M.55 M.49 .502 M.54 N.E. Fog A. M.
4
E. 1929.186 E. 53 W. Showers. 19 E. 56 .579 E. 61 ) thunder PM .
5
M.53 .561 M.57 Cble. Fair. 20
M.57 .618 M.59 N. E. Fair, fog in
E. 51 .553 'E.55 E. 53 .704 E. 60 % morning.
M.54 .582 M.59 W 21 S M.51 .812 M.58 E. Fog morn .
6 . Fair.
E. 55 .582 E. 59 { E. 51 .861 E. 60 mild day .
I M.55 .430 M.58 ) Rain . 22
M.57 .926 M.63 E. Fog morn.
E. 55 .416 E. 59 W. E. 60 .917 | E . 64 fair & mild .
s.w.

SM.19 .319 M.56 Showerswith 23 M.60 .917 M.641 E. Fog morn .

8 S.W. thunder .
E. 49 .565 E. 56 E. 56 .842 E. 64 ) fair .
M.55 • 157 M.60 Fair A. M. M.61 .761 M.66 E. Fog inorn .
9 rain P. M. 24 E. 61 .691 E. 64 S fair .
E. 66 .431 E. 60
M.55 •517 M.59 Hail, with 25 M.61 .691 M.68
10
E. 50 .669 E. 58S E. thunder. E. 65 .703 E. 70 Cble. Fair.
M.50 .722 M.55 Fair , and 26
M.63 .665 M.71 E. Fair.
11 E. 55 W. very mild . E. 54 .480 /E , 64
.613 E. 60
M.49 .328 M.54 M.53 .413 M.61 E.
12 E.51
S. W. Rain . 27 E. 54 .566 E , 62 Cloudy,
.290 E. 66
M.54 .290 M.59 M.56 .314 M.61
13 E. Rain. 28
E. 55 .366 E. 61 Cble . Rain .
E. 47 28.902 E. 52
M.60 .535 M.65
14 . M.15 .941 M.60
N.W. Rain , 29
E. 60 .560 E. 64
W. Fair.
E 51 29.368 E. 54 )
M.50 .840 M.56 M.58 .205 /M.61 ) W.
15
.982 E. 59 ) W. Fair. 30 Fair.
E. 58 E. 621 .416 )E. 65 )
Rain .294 inches,
450 Register. - Births and Marriages. [July

BIRTHS, MARRIAGES, AND DEATHS.

BIRTHS . daughter of the late Rear- Admiral Scott of

Springhill, Southampton . - 22. Osmond Ri.
May 28. At Hale Hall, the lady of John cardo, Esq. eldest son of David Ricardo,
Ireland Blackburn, Esq. M.P.a son and Esq . of Gatcombe Park, Gloucester, to Har
heir. – 31. At Stappleton Park, the Right riet, youngest daughter of Robert H. Mal.
Hon. Lady Sophia Witchcote, a son. lory, Esq. Woodcote, co. Warwick . - 24 .
Lately - At Balgray, parishof Cannobie, Edmund Phelps, Esq. to Anne Catherine,
the wife of Edwarů Irving, of twins, mak- Countess of Antrim . - 29 . Captain R. H.
ing four children in eleven months.--At Snead , Bengal
cavalry , to Jane, youngest
London , the lady of Colonel Carmichael daughter of the late William Dumber, Esq.
Smith , R. E. a son. The lady of Robert Lately — The Right Hon. Lord George
Michaelson E
, sq. of the Isle of Barra, a William Russell , second son of the Duke
daughter.- The Right Hon . Lady Rivers, of Bedford, to Miss Elizabeth Anne Raw
a daughter. don , only child of the late Hon. John Raw .
June 1. At Parkhouse, the lady of don, and niece to the Marquis of Hastings.
Lieutenant-Colonel Gordon , a son . At 24 , -Mr Milbank , to Lady Augusta Vane,
Queen Street, Edinburgh , Mrs J. S. Ro second daughter of the Earl of Darlington .
bertson , a son.-- 2 . The lady of James June 2 . At Stratforth , near Barnard
Ker, Esq. younger of Blackshiels, a son.- Castle, Mr C. Addison , to Miss F. Bow.
At Pennycuick House , the lady of Sir man . This lady had been long detained a
George Clerk, Bart. a daughter.- 3. At prisoner in the seraglio of the Dey of Al
Knowel farm , Sussex, the wife of Major- giers, from which she lately made her e
General Beatson , a son.-4. At Mussel- scape. - 3. At London, Sigismund, Marquis
burgh, the lady of Major Dodds, late of the de Nadaillac, son of the Duke d’Escars,
Royal Scots, a son . At the Chateau de to C. Maria, daughter of Mr Mitchell,
Neuilly, theDuchess of Orleans, a daughter. Charles' Street, Berkley Square.- 4. At
-5. At Whitehouse , Mrs L. Horner, a Edinburgh , Mr Adam Black, bookseller,
daughter. — 10. At St Omers, the lady of to Isabella, only daughter of James Tait,
Captain Bonnycastle, royal engineers, a Esq.At Warkworth , the Rev. Thomas
daughter. - 11. At Edinburgh, Mrs Molle Erskine, son of J. F. Erskine, Esq. of Marr,
of Mains, a daughter. At London, Lady to Charlotte, daughter of the late Major
Elizabeth Campbell, the lady of the Right Watson, 61st regiment.- 5. At Broughton
Hon. J. F. Campbell, a son and heir. - 16 . Park, Edinburgh, Capt. Robert Clephane,
The lady of Sir Robert Dick of Preston R. N. to Anne, daughter of the late Archi
field , Bart. a daughter .- 17. At Rosebank bald Borthwick , Esq.At Pittenweem ,
House, the lady of Kenneth Macleay, Esq. William Scott, Esq. stockbroker, London,
of Newmore, a son . - 18. Lady Flint, a son. to Miss Anne E. Nairne, youngest daugh
-20. At Brignall Vicarage, near Greta ter of the Rev. Dr Nairne of Clermont. -6.
Bridge, the Hon . Mrs Kilvington, a son. At Edinburgh , Mr John Easton , to Miss
21. AtRuchill, the lady of William Baillie, Margaret Smith . - 7. At Drummuie, L.ieut.
Esq. of Polkemmet, a son . - 26 . At Dal. Col. J. G. Ross, 2d West India regiment,
housie Castle, the Right Hon. Lady Robert to Barbara, second daughter of the late
Ker, a daughter. At Rotterdam , Mrs Rev. Dr Bethune of Dornock . - 9. At
William Jay, a son.-27. At Findrack, Mrs Lisbon , William Traill, Esq. of Wood
Fraser, a son . - 28. In Hanover Street, wick, Orkney, to Miss Sarle, daughter of
Edinburgh, the lady of Dr Irving, deputy Charles Sarle, Esq. of Lisbon.- 10. At
inspector of hospitals , a son . — 29. At Craw
Howden, Alexander Cleghorn , Esq. inspect
furdland Castle,the lady of William Howi. or- general of imports and exports for Scot
son Crawford, Esq. a daughter. - 30 . At land, to Margaret, eldest daughter of Tho.
Inverness, the lady of Andrew M.Farlane, Farquharson, Esq. of Howden .--14 . At
Esq. a son. Montrose, the Right Hon . the Earl of Kin
tore, to Miss Juliet Renny, third daughter
MARRIAGES. of the late Robert Renny, Esq. of Borrow
field . 16. At the Manse of Anstruther
May 15. Henry Blount, Esq . son of Wester, Lieutenant Charles Gray of the
Michael Blount, Esq. of Mapledurham , royal marines, to Jessie, daughter of the
Oxon, to Eliza, fourth daughter of the late late Thomas Carstairs, Esq. of King's
Lord Petre . - Colonel MacMahon of Tho- Barns. — At Largnean, George Whitehorn
mond, French consul at Cork, and knight Lawrence, Esq. to Jane Fordyce, eldest
of the order of St Louis, to Mary ,third daughter of the late Lieut.- Col. Wight of
daughter of Thomas Austin, Esq. of Water Chapelearne.-- 17. At Greenock, Mr Wil.
fall, .co. Cork . - 19. Francis Whitmarsh, liam Carrick , merchant, Glasgow, to Mary,
Esq. of Lincoln's Inn , to Caroline Winston, second daughter of Mr Daniel M‘Lachlan ,
1817.] Register. - Deaths. 451

merchant, Greenock . - 20. At Edinburgh, the restoration of the Pope, his funeral was
Count Flahault, to the Hon. Miss Mercer attended by all the Cardinals. His riches
Elphinstone of Aldie. — 21. At London , are left to a brother , who is in the church ,
Charles Pasley, Esq . major in the service and resident in France. - 14 . At London,
of the Hon. East India Company, and late Joseph Alder, Esq. of the firm of Hazard ,
charge -d'affaires at the Court of Persia, on Burne, and Co. Royal Exchange. 16. At
the part of the Supreme Government of Barley Wood, Mrs Sarah More, sister of
India, to Mary , eldest daughter of the late the celebrated Mrs Hannah More.At
Simon M‘Tavish of Montreal, Canada, and Brighton , in her 22d year, Right Hon .
Dunadry , N.B.-23. At Lancaster, Captain Lady Frances Browne, sister of the Earl of
Wilson , R. N. son of the late Judge Kenmore. - 16 . Off Cape Finisterre Cap
Wilson of Howe, to Dorothea, daughter of tain Robert Foulis Preston of the Euphrates
Charles Gibson , Esq. of Quermore Park, frigate, aged 33. At Bath, the Countess
Lancashire. - 24. AtLondon, Charles Shaw ofNewcommon .-- 23. At Gort, co. Galway,
Lefevre, jun. eldest son of Charles Shaw in his 76th year, the Right Hon. John Pen
Lefevre, Esq. M. P. of Heckfield, South- dergast Smyth, Viscount Gort, governor
amptonshire, to Emma Laura , youngest of the county of Galway.-- At Pittodrie,
daughter of the Right Hon. Lady Eliza- Aberdeenshire, the wife of Lieut.-Col.
beth Whitbread. - 30. The Rev. Henry Erskine of Pittodrie . - 26 . In the 82d year
Wastell of Newborough, Northumberland, of his age, Thomas Salt, Esq. of Litchfield,
to Anne, second daughter of Thomas Hen- father of Henry Salt, Esq. his Majesty's
derson , Esq. chamberlain of Edinburgh. consul- general for Egypt. - 28. At Dundee,
aged 60, Ebenezer Anderson , Esq. late
agent for the Bank of Scotland there .
DEATHS.
June 2. At the advanced age of 108, Ca
March 13. At Sydney, Mr Walter Lang, therine Prescott of George Leigh Street,
merchant, Van Diemen's Land, son of the Manchester. She retained her faculties in
deceased Walter Lang, Esq. late one of the a wonderful degree, having learned to read
magistrates of Glasgow . her Bible, without the aid of spectacles,
April 10. At Montreal, Lower Canada, partly in the Lancasterian School, and part
Rev. J. Mountain, D. D. brother of the ly in the St Clement's Sunday School in
Bishop of Quebec, rector of Montreal and that town , since she was 100 years of age.
of Peldon , Essex . - 25 . At Paris, W. Au- -At Brompton , J. Adams, Esq. late of
gustus Miles, Esq. formerly private secre- Peterwell, Cardiganshire, and formerly M.P.
tary to the late Right Hon. William Pitt. for Carmathen, aged 71. - 4 . At Brucefield
--- 26. At Vanceville, Virginia ,John Pol- House, Clackmannanshire, Mrs Elizabeth
lock, Esq. of Logie Green , W. S.-28. At Johnstone, wife of Lieut.-Col. Dalgleish of
the Peace and Unity Hospital, Durham , Dalbeath , aged 44. - 5. At Bath, in the88th
aged 101, Mrs Anne Dinsdale, who had year of her age, Lady Riddell, widow of
been a widow 66 years. When 99 , she the late Sir James Riddell, Bart. of Ardna
had the misfortune to have her thigh bone murchan and Sunart, Argyleshire.-- At
broken, of which shewas cured in the in- Myrehead , Maj.-Gen . George Dyer of the
firmary ; and about six weeks previous to royal marines.- 8. The Rev. Alexander
her death , she had her shoulder dislocated, Macadam , minister of Nigg, Ross-shire, in
of which she had also recovered . the 69th year of his age. - 9. At Brechin ,
May 10. In the House of Industry, in the 80th year of his age,Joseph Lowe,
Chester; aged 39, Mr James Lewis, late of M. D.- 12. AtLarkfield , Robert Jamieson,
the Chester, Glasgow , Haymarket Theatres, Esq . one of the magistrates of Glasgow .-
& c. Improving the characteristic of his At Kilwinning, the Rev. Robert Smith, late
profession hastened his death . He was minister of the gospel at Auchinleck , in the
an actor of considerable reputation. At 84th year of his age, and 57th of his minis
Antigua, aged 76, John Otto Bayer, Esq. try . - 13. At Edgeworthstown, Ireland ,
a member of council in that island, and Richard Lovell Edgeworth, Esq. father of
formerly in the 82d regiment.-- At Rome, the celebrated Miss Edgeworth .- 15. At
the celebrated Cardinal Maury , who was Roseneath , in the 83d year of his age, Mr
in some measure under Bonaparte, and James M‘Ewan, late one of the magistrates
duringthe captivity of the Pope, thehead of of Glasgow . – At Chauteau de la Challiere,
the catholic church . He fancied he saw a near Lausanne, Mrs Stratford Canning,
change of colour in his lips, that denoted wife of his Majesty's envoy -extraordinary,
his having swallowed poison ; and by tak- and minister plenipotentiary to the Swiss
ing counterpoisons he killed himself. He cantons. - 18 . In Buccleuch Place , Edin
lived the life of a miser, and persuaded burgh, Mrs Jane Moodie, wife of MrChas.
himself that he was conspired against by Moodie the Exchequer.-- 19. At Piers
all mankind. He was born at Vaurias, hill Barracks, Edinburgh, the lady of Major
near Avignon , 26th June 1746, and had Charles Irvine of the 6th dragoon guards.
been created a Cardinal by Pius VI. 21st -20 . While the tragedy of Jane Shore was
February 1792. Although rather in dis- performing at the Leeds Theatre, in the
grace since the downfall of his master and part of Dumont, Mr Cummins, that highly
452 Register.- Deaths.
respected veteran, had just repeated the be- teem . Among the many instances of his
nedictory words, well-directed munificence and patriotism ,
“ Be witness for me, ye celestial hosts, may be mentioned an hospital , which he
Such mercy, and such pardon , as my soul founded and liberally endowed some years
Accords tothee, and begs of Heaven to shew ago in the county of Durham , for a con
thee ; siderable number of aged persons, with a
May such befall me, at my latest hour” school attached for a large establishment of
when he fell down on the stage, and in. boys and girls. In 1795, Mr Russel was
stantly expired. The performance, of prominently instrumental in raising a large
course, immediately closed. For some body of infantry in thecounty of Durham ,
time, Mr Cummins ( the circumstances of to the expense of which he mainly contri
whose death so nearly resemble those of Mr buted ; and subsequently, at the cost of
Palmer) had laboured under that alarming several thousand pounds, entirely borne by
malady designated by the name of ossifica- himself, he raised and equipped a numerous
tion of the heart, or a change from the corps of sharp -shooters, esteemed one of the
membraneous into a boney substance ; and most complete in the kingdom . During
to this circumstance, added to the strength thelate distresses, and upto the moment
of his feelings in the mimic scene, his death of his death , he received and maintained
is to be attributed. - 21. George Leith, Esq. the poor, coming from all quarters, in bar
of Overhall, co. Aberdeen , and Bladud's racks constructed for the purpose, where
Buildings, Bath . He was paying a morn- every requisite comfort and accommoda
ing visitat the house of Robert Aberdein , tion was provided for them , while he kept
Esq. when he fell from his chair and in- alive their habits of industry, by employing
stantly expired . - 23. At Edinburgh , Pa- such as were able in various works upon his
trick Orr, Ksq. of Bridgeston .-- At London , extensive estates. In short, it appeared
theRight Hon . Dowager Viscountess Here- that the chief gratification arising to him
ford . AtLondon, Mr Samuel Horracks of from the immense possessions which the
Bread Street, aged 35. – 24. At Edinburgh , honourable application of his talents had
Mrs Jean Sommerville, relict of William accumulated , was the power they bestow
Donald , Esq. late merchant in Greenock.- ed of more completely discharging the
25. At Ayr, Mrs Campbell, wife of Dugald duties of a good subject and a practical
Campbell, Esq. of Skerrington, and daugh. Christian. He has left a widow , the daugh
ter of the
ter of the late Hon . William Baillie of Pol. Admi Milb
late ral anke ; one son ,
kemmet. - 26. At West Calder, Mrs Muck , Mat. Russel, Esq. M. P. for Saltash ; and
ersy, wife of the Rev. John Muckersy, mi- two daughters, one of whom is married to
nister of that parish . — 27. At Deal, Mr Lieut.-Col. Banbury , and the other to Lieut
Alexander Henry Hamilton of his Majesty's Gen. Sir Gordon Drummond , G. C. B .-
ship Severn , eldest son of Daniel Hamilton , In St Giles's Workhouse , Thomas Wicham
Esq. of Gilkerscleugh .- 30. At Inveresk Kent , a very interesting old man , whose
House, Dame Henrietta Johnstone, wife of hard fate has for several years past excited
Sir James Gardiner Baird of Saughtonhall, the commiseration of many persons connect
Bart. - At Flemington Mill, James Murray, ed with the arts, from believing him to be
Esq. of Craigend . the natural son of a Peer, the grandfather
Lately AtClifton , Lady Cosby, wife of of a Duke. He used to say he was born at
Lt.-Gen. Sir H. Cosby of Barnesville Park, Bradwell, near Tideswell in Derbyshire, in
Gloucestershire, daughter of the late S. El. 1744 ; had a good education given him ;
liot, Esq. of Antigua, and eldest sister of and at a proper age was articled to Mr Jos
the late Countess ofErrol, the present Lady eph Wilton , a celebrated statuary of the
Le Despenser, and Mrs Cambden Cope.- day ; and having acquired proficiency in
At Brookehill, Woolwich , (at the house this art, went to Rome to complete his studies.
of his brother, Captain Napier, R. A.) For many years afterwards he was employ
Vernon Napier,Esq. youngest son of the ed in theshops of several of our first artists ;
late J. Napier, Esq. ofTintonhall, Somer. but this employment somewhat failing him ,
set.-Mary, the wife of Gen. J. Leveson and being a proficient in music, about the
Gower, second daughter of the late P. Broke year 1795 he entered into the band of the
of Broke's Hall in Nacton , and sister to 101st regiment, in which he remained till
Sir P. B. V. Broke, Bart. captain of the about 1800 ; after which , for a short time,
Shannon . - In York Place, Baker Street, in he kept a plaster figure shop in Whetstone
his 73d year, William Lewis, Esq. former Park , near Holborn. About a year ago he
ly of the East India company'scivil ser- became too infirm to make his accustomed
vice, and member of the Council at Bom- calls on the private benefactors, by whom
bay.At Brancepath Castle, Durham , in he has for someyears been chiefly support.
his 83d year, W. Russel, Esq .whose mild ed, and some of whom are believed tohave
and amiable qualities had not less endear- tried every effort to get him provided for in
ed him to his family and friends, than his a more appropriate way than in the com
genuine benevolence and public spirit had mon workhouse ; but at last starvation
entitled him to universal respect and es . drove him thereto .

Oliver & Boyd, Printers.

1
 BLACKWOOD'S
EDINBURGH MAGAZINE.
No V. AUGUST 1817. VOL . I.

Contents .
ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS. Margaret Barclay, accused of Witch .
craft,-1618 499
Observations on “ Macbeth and King Bond Alliance betwixt the Earls of
Richard III., an Essay, in Answer to Huntly, Marischall, and Errol ,
Remarks on some of the Characters of
1543... ib .
Shakspeare ; by J. P. Kemble.” comma 456
Letters from Montrose, Queensberry, & c.
Cursory Remarks on Music, especially
on the Sources of to Grahame of Claverhouse.com.499-500
the Pleasure which
it communicates. ( Concluded from Leith Bath Stove, an old handbillancom ib .
page 347.Jo.com 459 ORIGINAL POETRY.
Some Account of Billy Marshall, a Gyp- Lineswritten in a Highland Glencomm.501
sey Chief 462 The Widowed Mother.com ib.
Fragment ofa Literary Romance. ( Con Sonnet on the Spirit of Domestic Hap
tinued from page 387.Jannonsensom...465 piness.com mwib .
Account of a Thunder Storm in the To a Young Lady caressing her
neighbourhood of Leadhills, Lanark Infant Brother 502
shire, by Mr J. Braid, Surgeonmon.471 To a revered Female Relative... ib .
On the Exportation of Cotton Yarn ....472 To an Infidel.. ib .
On the Education of the Children of the Friendship ancora ib .
Poor 474 Lines on the Grave of a Child . ib.
Reply to the Article “ On Sitting below REVIEW OF NEW PUBLICATIONS.
the Salt, and the Stewarts of Allan- Lalla Rookh , an Oriental Romance .
ton ; " _ Vindication of the Accuracy By Thomas Moore. ( Concluded from
of the Author of the " Memorie of the page 285.) . comme ---503
Somervilles ;” with a veritable State- Elements of the Natural History of the
ment of the Original Ancestry of the Animal Kingdom . By Chas Stewart 510
Family of Allanton ... mm ...476 Modern Greece, a Poem.com m515
Amber found imbedded in Limestone, Ewing's Geography and Atlas oma....mw519
in the Province of Santander in Spain 483 Harrington, a Tale : Ormond , a Tale.
Nugæ Literariæ . (1. The Black Prince. By Maria Edgeworth ib .
II. Spencer. III. Quaintness of Ex- LITERARY AND
SCIENTIFIC
pression . IV . Stage Directions.) ...484 INTELLIGENCE .. 523
Account of Cromlix , or Dunblane Min- WORKS PREPARING for PUBLICATION 527
eral Spring, and a Descriptive Sketch MONTHLY LIST OF NEW PUBLICA
of the Scenery in the Vicinity, & c.com
485 TION Scommencemarcaramanmanananaw..529
Sketches of Foreign Scenery and Man MONTHLY REGISTER .
ners , No III.awna „ 487
SELECT EXTRACTS. FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE amaranom-531
PROCEEDINGS OF PARLIAMENT mond
535
Maritime Discoveries in Australasia...493
BRITISH CHRONICLE ... -543
ANTIQUARIAN REPERTORY: Promotions and Appointments... 549
Sale of Lands in the Thirteenth Century 496 Commercial Report -551
• Commissioun for Examinating of Agricultural Reportaan -554
Witcheis,'-- 1591 ..... „,497 Meteorological Report -556
Commission for trying John Stewart and Births, Marriages , and Death smaranno -557

EDINBURGH :
PRINTED FOR WILLIAM BLACKWOOD , NO 17, PRINCE'S STREET,
EDINBURGH ; AND BALDWIN, CRADOCK , AND JOY,
PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON ;
To whom Communications ( post paid ) may be addressed ;
SOLD ALSO BY ALL THE BOOKSELLERS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM
roliver & Boyd, Printers .]
 NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.

The three following articles have been unavoidably delayed ; but they are al
ready in types, and will not fail to enrich our next Number : “ Memoir of
James Grahame, author of the Sabbath , ” — “ The Evils of Inconstancy, illus
trated by the History of a Scots Tutor,” — and “ Remarks on the Study of some
Branches of Natural History ."

In our next will also appear a short notice of Colonel William Cleland , with
extracts from his poems printed in 1697 ;-Conclusion of the article concerning
the Scottish Gypsies ; -Continuation of the Remarks on Greek Tragedy ;
and Reviews of “ Poetical Epistles and Translations," - of “ Dramatic Tales,
by the author of the Poetic Mirror,”—and of Byron's “ Lament of Tasso . ”

We have received a very able paper under the signature of P. M., but as the
subjects of which it treats appear rather to belong to one particular class of
Periodical Works than to a General Miscellany, and as the writer acknowledges
that the substance of it has already been given in several other publications, we
have some doubts in regard to the propriety of inserting it, and it is for the
present postponed.

We ought to have acknowledged in our last the receipt of two papers on the
subject of Mr J. P. Kemble's merits as an Actor, one of them drawn up with
very considerable fairness and ability. These, and an article “ On Popular
Notions,” are now under consideration.

Another paper has been sent us in answer to “ Candidus, " on the genealogy
of the Stewarts of Allanton ; but we are half afraid of enlarging further on
such subjects, since a reverend person , under the signature of Haggai M'Briar,
seems very much displeased with what papers of this sort we have already
published, and exhorts us, in somewhat imperious language, “ rather to insert
a few simple recipes, useful in household economy, ” such as his “ daughter
Martha's improved method of brewing ginger beer," &c.; and, in words of
more grave authority, admonishes us “ to avoid foolish questions, fables, and
endless genealogies, and contentions and strivings about the law ; for they are
unprofitable and vain.”
 BLACKWOOD'S

EDINBURGH MAGAZINE .

No V. AUGUST 1817. Vol. I.

ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS .

OBSERVATIONS ON the former book was idle and un

“ Macheth and King Richard III. profitable,” that affords but an inade
an Essuy, in Answer to Remarks quate apology for multiplying the of
on some of the Characters of Shake fence, by writing another of the same
kind.
speare ; by J. P. Kemble."
I am aware, however, that on the
MR EDITOR, subject of which this little volume
treats, a book may claim the attention
Though arrived at that time of life of the public on slighter grounds than
when men are supposed partial to past on any other topic . SHAKSPEARE is
times, I will fairly own the superior so much the god of British idolatry,
powers of my countrymen, of the pre- that every work relating to him is po
sent times, in writing and composi- pular. Hence the numberless critics
tion . Yet I may be allowed to re- and commentators who have been read
mark, that the confidence of publica- with avidity, not from their own me
tion is at least equal to the abilities, in rits, eitherof learning or of taste, but
point of writing,possessed by the pre- merely because they criticised or com
sent generation. Authorship, former- mented on Shakspeare, and, like the
ly a rare and envied distinction, is now scholiasts on Homer, have borrowed
so common as to lift a man ( I should an importance from their illustrious
say a person , for it is now as much a subject, with little intrinsic value in
female as a male quality ) but little their own productions.
66
The works of
above the mass of men around him ; Shakspeare are, not to speak it pro
and if we cannot say, with quite as fanely," the Bible of the drama to us.
much justice as formerly, “ Scribimus Their commentators, like those of that
indocti doctique," -- for I will own there sacred book , are received with an in
is more literature among us than our terest which their subject onlycould
fathers and mothers possessed, we confer on sometimes very dull and
may at least say, that every thing is frivolous productions. One author of
published which is written, whether considerable eminence produced an
altogether worthy of publication or Essay, very similar to Mr Kemble's,
not. to prove the valour of Falstaff. Mr
I am sorry that, in my opinion, the Kerble enters now, for the first time,
present volume may beclassed among the field of authorship , to vindicate
those which it might be held unne- the personal courage of Macbeth , -- to .
cessary to publish, because our respect controvert the degrading distinction
for the author would incline us to which Mr Whately had supposed be
wish, that nothing should come from tween that personage and Richard III.
his pen which the publicshould think The first, according to that critic,
unworthy of him . It is indeed an “ having not intrepidity, like Richard ,
answer to another book or pamphlet but merely resolution, proceeding from
of Mr Whately, sanctioned by an edi- exertion, not from nature, -betray
tor of eminence, Mr Steevens. But if ing, in enterprize, a degree of fear,
456 Observations on Kemble's Essay. [ August
though he is able, when occasion re « feelingsof the sex. Inlove, in hatred,
quires, to stifle and subdue it." in ambition, the overbearing passion
On this narrow ground Mr Kem- of the moment quite unsexes them ;
ble enters the list with Mr Whately, the most timid become bold, the most
and his second, Mr Steevens, and pro- gentle fierce, the most irresolute re
vided with a great number of quota- solved. In the attainment of what
tions - from the tragedy, traces the ever favourite object, women are much
character of its hero from its opening less restrained than men, by reflections
to its close , as one of determined cour- on the past, or calculations on the fu
age and intrepidity ,-- a courage not ture. Lady Macbeth has none of
excited by exertion to any particular those doubts or fears which come
purpose, but native to the person , and across the mind of her lord ; she looks
an inherent quality in his mind. I straight forward to the crown, and
think Mr Kemblehas made out the sees no bar, from humanity or con
point for which he contends ; but I science, in the way.
feel in the two characters compared, The developement of Macbeth's
a distinction more marked , in my opic character isone of the finest things in
nion , and more important, than that that admirable drama. What has been
on which Mr Kemble has written, criticised as a barbarous departure from
with considerable labour, no fewer dramatic rule in Shakspeare, in the
than 170 pages . construction of his plays, affords, in
That distinction seems to me to con- truth , the means of tracing the growth
sist, not in anyparticular quality, such and progress of character ,the current
as that of personal courage , but in of the human mind, in which he ex
the original structure of mind of the cels all other dramatists, much more
two persons represented , distinguished completely than an adherence to the
by Shakspeare with his usual inti- unity of time could have allowed.
mate knowledge of human nature. The bursts of passion may be shown
That, knowledge, with which Shak- in a moment ; a story may be com
speare seems gifted in an almost mira- pressed, at least in itsmost interesting
culous degree, enables him , beyond parts, into very small compass ; but
any other dramatist, to individualize the growth , the gradual ripening of
his characters. There isnothing ge- character, cannot be traced but in a
neral, nothing given in the abstract ; considerable space of time. We must
every character is a portrait, with be led through many intermediate
those marked and peculiar features by transactions, before such a character
which we immediately recognize the as that of Macbeth can be exhibited
individual. Macbeth and Richard are to us, changed , by steps so natural as
both ambitious ; but their ambition to gain our fullest belief, from the
is differently modified, by the differ- brave and gallant soldier whom Dun
ent dispositions which the poet has can honours, into the bloody and re
shewn them originally to possess.- lentless tyrant who wades through
There is a process, a gradation, in blood to the throne, and remains
the crimes and ambition of Macbeth ; steeped in blood to maintain himself
Richard is from the beginning a vil- there, yet retains enough of its ori
lain ,-a hard remorseless villain ,— ginaltincture of virtue (or at least the
with no restraint but his own in- sense of virtue) and humanity, as to
terest or safety , acting from the im- interest us in his fall at the close of a
pulse of his own dark mind alone, life sullied by every crime, and which,
admitting no adviser from without, no but for the art of the poet, we should
conscience from within . Macbeth re- devote to pure unmitigated hatred.
quires a prompter for his ambition , a In truth, the same intimate knowledge
more than accomplice in his crimes. of the human heart, that enabled him
That prompter and that accomplice to unwind the maze of Macbeth's for
Shakspeare has given him in his wife ; mer conduct, guides the poet in that
he has given to his
and with his wonted depth of dis- softening which closing
cernment of the peculiar attributes character in the scenes. Dur
of our nature, he has given her that ing the bustle of the chase of ambi
rapid unhesitating resolution in wick- tion , such feelings have no room to
edness, which, in female wickedness, unfold themselves ; but if any pause
is the effect of the weakness, and the occurs (such as here the death of the
quickly as well as strongly excited Queen ) they re - assert the power whick
1817.] Observations on Kemble's Essay. 457

they originally possessed ; and such is fore us in the stage, has been often
the case with this fiend of Scotland .” remarked . This scenic deception is
His nature is not obdurate like that of a very peculiar kind ; it puts the
of RICHARD ; he looks back on his reality a little way off, but does not
past life, when he is softened by the altogether hide it fromourview . We
sense of that forlorn and deserted si- see Mr Kemble and Mrs Siddons, we
tuation in which he stands , compared know them for Mr K , and Mrs S.;
with that of the murdered Duncan. but we judge of and feel for them as
“ Duncan is in his grave , Coriolanus and Volumnia . It is an
After life's fitful fever he sleeps well, ” & c. improvement on dramatic representa
“ My way of life tion ( which in this place Imaymen
Is fallen into the sear and yellow leaf,” & c. tion to the honour of Mr Kemble ) to
Hence that scarce unwilling pity bring the scene before uswith all the
which we afford him , abated only, not inechanical adjuncts which may assist
extinguished, by the recollectionof his the deception . The dress of the per
past atrocities. formers ,the streets and temples ofthe
Personal regard for Mr Kemble scene, the statues of the temples, and
makes me, I confess, unwilling to the furniture of apartments, should
dwell upon a work which I think un- certainly be brought as nearas possi
worthy of him. I willonly quote one ble to the costume and other circum
or two passages which fall particularly stances belonging to the country and
within the scopeof his ownprofession, place of the representation ; and this
as a specimen of the style of the book. is what Mr Kemble, both as an actor
“ A play is written (says Mr Kem- and manager, has accomplished, to the
ble) onsome event, for the purpose of great andeverlasting improvement of
being acted ; and plays are so insepar- the British stage.
ablefrom the notion of action , that, In another passage, Mr K. considers
in reading them , our reflection, neces- the moral effect of this drama, and
sarily bodying forth the carriage which contradicts the idea of Mr Steevens in
it conceives the various characters the following passage.
would sustain on the stage, becomes “ Mr Steevens says— One of Shak
its own theatre, and gratifies itself with speare's favourite morals is, that cri
an
deal representation of the piece. minality reduces thebrave and pusil
This operation of the mind demon- lanimous to a level.'- (Mr Steevens
strates , that Mr Whately has in this probably meant to say, that criminal
place once more misconstrued Shak- ity reduces the brave to a level with
speare ; for there is no risk insaying, the pusillanimous.)— Every puny
that the eye of a spectator would turn, whipster gets my sword , exclaims
offended, from the affront offered to Othello , for why should honour outlive
credibility, by the impassive levity of honesty - Where I could not be hon
manner set down for Banquo in the est , says Albany, I was never valiant,
REMARKS .” Page 53. -Jachimo imputés his wantof man
This is perfectly just; but we ap- hood to the heaviness and guilt within
prehend that the imagination of the his bosom .- Hamlet asserts, that con
reader would go a step higher than science does make cowards of us all ;
that to which Mr K. here conducts it. and Imogen tells Pisanio, he may be
It is no doubt natural for a person valiant in a better cause, but now he
who has often witnessed scenes repre- seems a coward . Shakspeare, vol. X.
sented on the stage (it is more parti- p. 297.
cularly natural for Mr Kemble) tore- “ Is there, among these instances ,
fer them to that representation ; but one that approaches to any thinglike a
a personconversant with men and parallel with Macbeth ? The sophistry
books, but who had never seen a play, of such perverse trifling with a reader's
would refer them to the events ac- time and patience, completely exposes
tually happening in real life , and the itselfin the example of Jachimo, who
language and deportmentof those con- is indeed most unwarily introduced on
cerned in them , to the language and this occasion. Mr Steevens, for some
deportment which, in such real cir- cause or other, seems determined to
cumstances, they would have held. be blind on this side; otherwise, he
The ductility of our imaginations, in must have seen , if consciousness of
supposingourselves spectators of en guilt be, as he says, the measureof
vents atRome or Athens placed bea pusillanimity, that, by his own rule,
 458 Observations on Kemble's Essay. [ August
Jachimo should have been the victor “ In the first speech which we hear
in his combat with Posthumous ; for from the mouth of Macbeth in his re
he ought to have been braver than his verse of fortune, Shakspeare still con
adversary, in the same proportion as tinues to show an anxiety that, though
a vain mischievous liar is still less we detest the tyrant for his cruelties,
atrociously a wretch than an ungrate- we should yet respect him for his
ful murderer. Mr Steevens concludes : courage : --
Who then can suppose that Shak- Macb. - Bring me no more reports ; let
speare would have exhibited his Mac . them fly all ;
Till Birnam -wood remove to Dunsinane,
beth with increasing guilt, but un I cannot taint with fear. What's
diminished bravery ? Shakspeare, Malcolm ?
the boy
vol. x. p. 297 . Was he not born of woman ? The spirits
“ The only answer to this dogmati that know
cal question is,-Every body; thatis, All mortal consequents,pronounc'd me thus:
every body who can readthe play,and Fear not, Macbeth; noman that'sbornof
understand what he reads. Mr Stee woman

vens knew that Shakspeare , skilfully

preparing us for the mournful change Shall e'er have power on thee.*_Then fly,
false Thanes,
we are about to witness in Macbeth, And mingle with the English epicures :
paints in deep colours the irregular The mind I sway by,andthe heart Ibear,
fury of his actions, and the remorse Shall never sagg with doubt, nor shake with
fear !" " +
that preys on his heart ;-he knew , But the moral effect of this play seems
that the blood - stained monster
- Cannot buckle his distemper'd cause very little connected with the courage
Within the belt of rule ;'* or personal valour of Macbeth ; it is
that he feels produced by the delineation which the
• His secretmurderssticking on his hands ;'t poet
minalhasambition
given of;the
toprogress
warn usof his cri
against
and that the poet finishes this terrific the first deviation from rectitude,-the
picture of self-condemnation and ab- first yielding to temptations arising
horrence, by adding : from our self- interest or desire of ad
• His pester'd senses do recoil and start, vancement, if our road to such objects
When all that is within him doth condemn lies through crime and inhumanity ; to
Itself for being there : *
“ But the learned Editor quite forgets * Mr Steevens' edition has, for an ob
that, in the same scene, good care is vious cause, been used in the quotations
taken that the tyrant shall not so far from Shakspeare from this Essay : It is
forfeit all claim to our esteem , asto fall time, however , toprotest, in the strongest
into contempt, and be entirely odious to terms, against the unwarrantable liberties he
our sight. His original valour remains continually takes with his author. If He
undiminished, and buoys him up with minge and Condell were, in fairness, charge
wild vehemence in this total wreck of able with all the faults which Mr Steevens,
his affairs : in spite of us, he com their unsparing censor, industriously lays to
their account, still they have not done Shak
mands
him our admiration,
- hated, abandoned, when we see speareallthe
overwhelmed injury hewould receive, if the
,omissions, andtranspositions,
by calamity, publicanddomestic,still interpolations
of the edition of 1803 should ever be per
• persist, unshrinking, to brave his ene- mitted to form the text of his works. This
mies, and manfully prepare against gentleman certainly had many of the talents
expected in a good editor
and acquirements still
the siege with which their combined of
armies threaten him in his almost un- our poet ; but he wanted more than
garrisoned fortress : one of the most requisite of them . Mr
Cath . • Great Dunsinane he strongly for Steevens had no ear for the colloquial metre
tifies ;'S of our old dramatists : it is not possible, on
any other supposition , to account for his
And the English general presently af- whimsical desire, and the pains he takes, to
ter says to him : fetter the enchanting freedom of Shak
Siw . • We learn no other, but the confident speare's numbers, and compel them into the
tyrant heroic march and measured cadence of epic
Keeps still in Dunsinane, and will endure versification . The native wood notes wild ,
Our sitting down before it.'ll that could delight the cultivated ear of Mil.
ton, must not be modulated anew , to in
* Macbeth , Act V. Scene II. dulge the fastidiousness of those who read
+ Ibid . * Ibid. § Ibid . verses by their fingers.'
|| Ibid. Act V. Scene IV. + Macbeth , Act V. Scene III.
1817.) Remarks on Music. -459

show us how the soul can becomehar, with it a train of overpoweringrecol

dened by degrees, till she loses all her lections. When there is realbeauty
original regard for virtue, all the for- in a musical air, associations of this
mer betterfeelings of her nature. kind greatly enhance it. Every Eng
I cannot help expressing my regret lishman who has been fortunate enough
that Mr K. should have published this to hear the melodies of Scotland sung
little volume, particularly as it may be in the land that gave them birth , with
supposed the precursor and specimen the touching simplicity and pathos in
of a great work, which it has been fused into them by those who deeply
said he meditates in the leisure which feel the sympathies which they are
his retirement from the stage will now fitted to excite, must be alive to a de
allow him to command. I have heard , gree of pleasure from a Scottish air,
that he means to devote that leisure to which , without this association , it
the illustration of his favourite Shak- could never have communicated . - It
speare,and theother less known drama- is moreover remarkable, that, in some
tists of the olden time. I hope he cases, the ordinary effect of a melody
will prosecute this design, which the may be entirely reversed, by a change
bent of his studies, both as a scholar of the circumstances in which it hap
and an actor, gives him such favour- pens to be heard. Thus,we are some
able opportunities of successfully ac- where told by Mr Boswell, in his Life
complishing. But let him not confine of Dr Johnson, that the merry airsof
himself toverbal criticism or minute the Beggar's Opera, when accidentally
remark ; and, above all, lethim avoid heard by him in Scotland, affected him
any polemical writing on Shakspeare, with melancholy, by bringing to his
of which we have already too much. mind various pleasures of the English
Let him study and illustrate the au- metropolis, where he had first listened
thors to whom we allude in their to them , and the friends then so wide
greater attributes, -in their delinea- ly separated from him , in whose socie
tion of mind and of character, amidst ty he had happened to be.
the eventful scenes in which they It is on thesame principle of asso
have placed the persons of their dra- ciation that we are to explain the effect
mas, - in their power of placing those of particular instruments of music, in
before us in their genuine colours, to exciting trains of feeling in some de
instruct as well as to delight their gree appropriate to them . The “ spirit
readers -- to give moral to fiction, and stirring drum ” necessarily bringswith
force to truth . SENEX. it the idea of military paradeandglory.
And the organ , being usually the ac
companiment of sacred music, natur
allyleads the mind to the subjects
CURSORY REMARKS ON MUSIC, ESPE- with which habit has connected it.
CIALLY ON THE SOURCES OF THE On the same principle, we are to ex
PLEASURE WHICH IT COMMUNI- plain the effect of particular tunes,
CATES .
which, having always been associated
( Concluded from page 347.) with certain emotions, have a never
failing power of rekindling them , and
In attempting to account for the plea- have thus been rendered powerful aux
sure derived from melody, I havepur- iliaries inthe excitement of patriotism
posely avoided alluding to that kind of or of loyalty.
gratification which arises from the ex- If we examine the history of musi
citement of obvious associations ; ben cal taste in any individual, we shall
cause, though these often heighten find that a relish for simple melody
greatly the enjoyment, yet they are has been the first step in its attainment;
by no means essential to it. In some and that a perception of the pleasure
instances, associations of this kind , so of harmony has been generally a slow
far from being productive of pleasur- and gradual acquirement. In a few
able feelings , become sourcesof the instances, however, where an extraor
keenest mental anguish , as in the ma- dinary ear for music has been early
ladie du pays, so stronglyexcited in manifested , the power of discriminat
the Swiss by an air, which, to an ing harmony has so rapidly followed a
English ear , 'certainlyseems little cal- taste for melody, as almost to have ap
culated to excite emotion , but to a na- peared coeval with it. This was re
tive of that happy country , brings markably the case with a gentleman ,
 460 1
Remarks on Music. [ Angust
at this dayof great and deserved ce- experience. Iknow, indeed, noother
lebrity , whoseearly history, distin- principle on which we can explain the
guished by a wonderful prematurity fact, that the pleasure of melody, even
of musical taste and skill ,has fortun- to a person of simple and natural taste ,
ately been preserved by Dr Burney.* is greatly heightened by harmony, if
At the age of only eighteen months, not too intricate and multifarious.
Master Crotch shewed a decided pre- May not the pleasure which is thus
ference for thepleasures of music, by occasioned, bear some analogy to that
deserting his playthings, and even his derived from symmetry and propor
food , to listen to it ; and when only tion in visible objects,-qualities, the
two years old , and unable to speak, absence of which is quickly discerned,
in order to induce his father, whose even by a common eye, inobjects that
skill in music seems to have been very are familiar to it ?
limited, to play his favourite tunes, In the usual acceptation oflanguage,
the child would touch the key - note on onlyanagreeable succession of sounds
the organ, or, if that was not enough, is called melody, and only the co-er
would play two or three of the first istence of agreeable sounds harmony.
notes of the air. At the age of two An ingenious speculation, however,
years and three weeks, he had taught has been proposed by Dr Franklin , in
himself to play the first part of God a letter to Lord Kames, by which he
Save theKing on the organ. In the would resolve all melody into harmony.
course of a fewdayshe made himself The hypothesis isfounded on a quality
master of the treble of the second part ; ascertained to exist in our organs of
and the day after attempted the bass, sense, viz. that they have the power of
which he performed correctly, with retaining, for a time, any impression
the exception of a single note. In a- made by an external object; in con
bout two months after this period, he sequence of which , in a series of sen
was ableto play several passages from sations, any one impression becomes
voluntaries, which had only once been intermingled with thatwhich imme
performed in his presence, bythe or- diatelyprecedes, and with thatwhich
ganist of the cathedral at Norwich. immediately follows it. This law of
About the same time, he was capable sensation, so far as it is applicable to
of making a bass to anymelody which the phenomena of vision, had not es
he had recently caught by his ear. At caped the sagacity of Dr Franklin ;
the age of only two yearsand a half, but it has since been more fully de
he was able to distinguish , at a dis- veloped, and ingeniously illustrated,
tance, and out of sight of the instru- by Dr Darwin, in his Essay on Ocular
ment, any note that was struck upon Spectra.* On looking long and at
it, within halfa note, which, Dr Bur- tentively at abright object, as the set
ney observes, is beyond the power of ting sun , and then shutting the eyes ,
many old and skilfulperformers. An- or excluding the light, an image,re
other wonderfully premature attain- sembling in form the object that was
ment was, his beingable to transpose, contemplated , continues some timeto
into the most extraneous and difficult be visible. This appearance in the
keys, whatever he played, and to con- eye Dr Darwin calls the ocular spec
trive an extemporary bass to easy me- trum of the object. That a similar
lodies, when performed by another power exists in the ear, is highly pro
person on the same instrument. From bable, since , as Dr Franklinobserves,
6
that time to the present he has con- we are capable of retaining , for
tinued to advance in reputation ; and some moments, a perfect idea of the
is now , I believe, considered as the pitch of a past sound, so as to com
most scientific musician that Great pare it with the pitch of a succeed
Britain can boast. ing sound. Thus, in tuning an in
Examples of the same kind have strument, a good ear can as easily
occurred in Mozart, in the two Messrs determine that two strings are in uni
Wesley, and in a few other persons ; son, by sounding them separately, as
and they would almost warrant the by sounding them together. Their
conclusion, that the ear has an in- disagreement,” he adds, “ is also as
stinctive power of discriminating har- easily, I believe I may saymore easi
inony, independently of education or ly, and better distinguished when
Philosophical Transactions, lxix . • See Darwin's Zoonomia .
 1817.) Remarks on Music . 461

sounded separately." This ability of own families, it is in danger of falling,

comparingthe pitch of a present to not perhaps as in ancient Rome, in
the pitch of a past tone, is, in common to the hands of slaves, but into those
language, ascribed to the memory ; but of professional performers only. It
Dr Franklin distinctly expresses his has become painful to the young and
belief, that it depends on a property the diffident to incur the risk of dis
of the ear , similarto that which exists gusting that fastidiousness of taste,
in the eye ; and on this principle he which cannot be gratified, unless dif
explainsthe sense of harmonybetween ficulties of execution are overcome,
present and past sounds, in which, ac- that may display the skill of the per
cording to his theory, much of the former, but can never touch the feel
pleasure of melody consists. ings of the heart. If any proofwere
The gratification derived from the wanting of the superior charms of sim
more complicated productions of har- ple music over harmony thus compli
mony, it can scarcely be doubted, is cated, it might be furnished by what
to be explained on entirely different every person must have observed at
principles from that which arises either public musical performances. At these,
from the simple strains of melody, or intricate pieces of music are often list
from harmony, in which the expres- ened to with general langour and ap
sion of the melody predominates. Me- athy,till the introduction of a popular
lody appears to be an universal lan- melody, harmonized with taste and
guage , addressing itself to the heart, forbearance, awakens the dormant feel
and powerfully exciting its affections ings of every hearer, and calls forth
and sympathies. But to enjoy the one universal expression of delight.
more elaborate productions of harmo- This effect is sometimes produced by 11

ny, a refinement of taste is necessary, a melody new to the audience, and in

attainable only by great cultivation, capable, therefore, ofexciting the feel
and enhanced bya knowledge of the ings, through the medium of establish
principles ofmusic as a science. The ed associations.
pleasure excited in a person thus ac- There is one subject, connected
complished , resembles that ofa painter, with the theory of the effects of mu
who, in examining apicture, iscapable sic, on which I should have hazarded
of discovering both faults and beauties, a few remarks, if this paper had not
in designand in colouring, that escape already attained too great a length,
the eyeof a spectator, who may yet be -I mean the moral influence of mu
deeply affected by the general expres- sic. Whether music has, or has
sion of the performance, not, a tendency favourable to virtue,
From this point begins the progress is an inquiry of considerable import
of luxurious refinement in music, by ance, and one, for the investigation
which, whatever it may have gained of which we are not without some
in the estimation of the adept, has data. Examples have been collect
been lost, and more than lost, by be- ed by writers on this subject, in
reaving itof its natural charms. It which there appears to have been a
has been found necessary to excite en- connexion between a national attach
joyment by the expedient of perpetual ment to music, and purity of national
novelty, and by substituting surprise , character. Facts of this kind, how
at the skill of the performer, for that ever, scarcely justify, to the full ex
simple pleasure which has its origin tent, the inferences which have been
in the best affections of our nature. drawn from them ; not only because it
Hence the ear has been palled with may reasonably be doubted whether
harmony , and our public performances the taste -for music has not been the
of music have often been rendered irk- consequence, rather than the cause of
some and disgusting, to all persons of general refinement ofmanners and con
uncorrupted taste , by compositions duct, but because national character is
destitute of expression and character, founded on so many circumstances,
and incapable of exciting emotion. that nothing is more difficult than to
Another evil, arising from this sacri- distinguish between what has been
fice of meaning to the display of skill, essential to its production, and what
is, that music is every day becoming has been adventitious. Authority ,
an attainment of greater difficulty, -
therefore, which would at once de
and that from being the enjoyment of cide the question in the affirmative,
our social hours, in the bosoms of our case with
must be received in this
Vol. I. 3N
462 Account ofBilly Marshal. [ August
great hesitation. It is perhaps taking to observe so noted a family as the
firmer ground, to argue from the con- Marshals altogether omitted . I beg
stitution of our nature, that whatever leave to add , that your author will be
is capable of exciting emotion may be considered either a very ignorant, or a
applied to a moral purpose; but it is very partial historian , by all the readers
for the moral influenceof simple and and critics in the extensive districts of
expressive music only, that I feel dis- Galloway and Ayrshire, if he persists
posed to prefer this claim . Between in passing over in silence the distin
great refinement of musical taste, and guished family of Billy Marshal, and
purity of life and conduct, there ap- its numerous cadets. I cannot say that
pearsunfortunately to be no necessary I, as an individual, owe any obligations
union ; for we too often find the form- to the late Billy Marshal; but, sir, I
er combined with the most sensual am one of an old family in the stew
and profligate habits. It would not artry of Galloway, with whom Billy
be more unjust, however, to charge was intimate for nearly a whole cena
this accidental coincidence upon music tury. He visited regularly, twice a
as a defect, than it would be to impute year, my great-grandfather, grand- fa
to painting, or to poetry, that those ther, and father, and partook, I dare
noble arts have been sometimes em- say, oftheir hospitality : but he made
ployed in inflaming the most licentious a grateful and ample return ; for dur
passions. In minds early trained to ing all the days of Billy's natural life,
the practice of what is estimable in which the sequel will shew not to
conduct and in principle, there can be have been few , the washings could
little doubt that cultivation of taste have been safely left out all night,
sheds a favourable influence over the without any thing, from a sheet or a
moral judgment, and gives birth to a tablecloth down to a dishclout, being
delicacy of sentiment, which in any danger. During that long pe
" Aids and strengthens Virtue where it riod of time, there never was a goose,
meets her, turkey, duck , or hen, taken away , but
And imitates her actions where she is not.” what could have been clearly traced to
W. H.
the fox, the brock , or the fumart ;
and I have heard an old female do
mestic of ours declare, that she had
SOME ACCOUNT OF BILLY MARSHAL, known Billy Marshal and his gang ,
A GYPSEY CHIEF. again and again , mend all the“ kettles,
pans, and crackit pigs, in the house,
MR EDITOR , and make twa or three dozen o' horn
Among some instructive and many spoons into the bargain , and never tak
very entertaining articles in your Ma- a farthing o' the laird's siller. " I am
gazine, I have been a gooddeal amused sorry that I cannot give you any very
in reading your account of the gypsies, minute history of my hero : however,
and more particularly of the gypsies I think it a duty I owe on account of
of our own country. The race has my family, not to allow , as far as I
certainly degenerated (if I may be al- can hinder it, the memory, and name ,
lowed to use the expression ), and is of so old a friend and benefactor to fali
in some risk of becoming extinct, into oblivion , when such people as the
whether to the advantage of society Faas and Baileys, &c. are spoken of.
or not I will leave to the profound to Where he was born I cannot tell.
determine. In the mean time, I am Who were his descendants I cannot
very well pleased that you have united tell ; I am sure he could not do it
with the anonymous author of Guy himself, if he wereliving. It is known
Mannering, in recording the existence, that they were prodigiously numerous;
the manners, and the customs, of this I dare say, numberless. For a great
wonderful people. part of his long life, he reigned with
But, I have been, I assure you, sovereign sway over a numerous and
in nosmall degree disappointed, when powerful gangof gypsey tinkers, who
reading the names of the Faas, the took their range over Carrick in Ayr
Baileys, the Gordons, the Shaws, the shire, the Carrick mountains, and over
Browns, the Keiths, the Kennedys, the stewartry and shire of Galloway ;
the Ruthvens, the Youngs, the Taits, and now and then , by way of improv
the Douglasses, the Blythes, the Al- ing themselves, and seeing more of
lans, and the Montgomeries, &c.- the world , they crossed at Donagh
1817.) Account ofBilly Marshal. 463

adee, and visited the counties of Down usurpation, he was placed at the head
and Derry. I am not very sure about ofthatmighty peoplein the south west,
giving you up Meg Merrilies quite so whomhe governedwith equal prudence
easily ; I havereason to think, shewas and talent for the long space of eighty
a Marshal, and not a Gordon : and we or ninety years. Some of his admirers
folks in Galloway think this attempt assert, that he was of royal ancestry ,
of the Borderers, to rob us of Meg and that he succeeded by the laws of
Merrilies, no proof that they have be- hereditary succession ; but no regular
come quite so religious and pious, as annals of Billy's house were kept,and
your author would have us to believe, oral tradition and testimony weigh hea
but rather that, withtheir religionand vily againstthis assertion . From any
piety, they still retain some of their research I have been able to make, Í
ancient habits. We thinkthis attempt am strongly disposed to think, that, in
to deprive us of Meg Merrilies almost this crisis of his life, Billy Marshal
as bad as that of the descendants of had been no better than Julius Cæsar,
the barbarous Picts, now inhabiting Richard III., Oliver Cromwell, Hyder
the banks of the Dee in Aberdeen- Ally, or Napoleon Bonaparte : I do
shire, who some years ago attempted notmean tosay, that he wadedthrough
to run off with the beautiful lyric of as much blood as some of those, to
Mary's Dream ; and which we were seat himself on a throne, or to grasp
under the necessity of proving, in at the diadem and sceptre ; but it was
one of the courts of Apollo, to be shrewdly suspected, that Billy Mar
the effusion of Low's muse, on the shal had stained his character and his
classic and romanticspot, situated at hands with human blood. His prede
the conflux of the Dee and the Ken, cessor died very suddenly, it never was
in the stewartry of Galloway. But to supposed by his own hand, and he was
return from this digression to Billy buried as privately about the foot of
Marshal :- I willtell you every thing Cairnsmuir, Craig Nelder, or the Corse
more about him I know ; hoping this of Slakes, without the ceremony, or,
may catch the eye of some one who perhaps more properly speaking, the
knew him better, and who will tell benefit of a precognition being taken,
you more . or an inquest held by a coroner's jury.
Billy Marshal's account of himself During this long reign, he and his fol
was this : he was born in or about the lowers were not outdone in their ex
year 1666 ; but he might have been ploits, by any of the colonies of Kirk
mistaken as to the exact year of his Yetholm ,Horncliff, Spital, or Loch
birth ; however, the fact never was maben. The following anecdote will
doubted, of his having been aprivate convey a pretty correctnotion, of what
soldier in the army of King William , kind of personage Billy was, in the
at the battle of the Boyne. It was evening of his life ; as for his early
also well known, that he was a private days, I really know nothing more of
in some of the British regiments, them than what I have already told.
which served under the great Duke of The writer of this, in the month of
Marlborough in Germany, about the May 1789, had returned to Galloway
year 1705. Butat this period, Billy's after a long absence : he soon learned
military career in the service of his that Billy Marshal, of whom he had
country ended . About this time he heard so many tales in his childhood ,
went to his commanding officer, one was still in existence. Upon one oc
of the M‘Guffogs of Ruscoe, a very old casion he went to Newton -Stewart,
familyin Galloway, and asked him if with the late Mr M‘Culloch of Bar
he had any commands for his native holm and the late Mr Hannay of Bar
country : being asked if there was any galy, to dine with Mr Samuel M'Caul.
opportunity, he replied, yes ; he was Billy Marshall then lived at the ham
going to Keltonhill fair, having for let or clachan of Polnure, a spot beau
some years made it a rule never to be tifully situated on the burn or stream
absent. His officer knowing his man , of that name : we called on our old
thought it needless to take any very hero ,-he was at home,-- he never
strong measure to hinder him ; and denied himself --and soon appeared ;
Billy was at Keltonhill accordingly. -he walked slowly , but firmly to
Now Billy's destinies placed him wards the carriage, and asked Mr Han- ,
in a high sphere ; it was about this nay, who was a warm friend of his,
period, that, either electively, or by how he was ?-Mr Hannay asked if
464 Account of Billy Marshal. [ August
he knew who was in the carriage ? he ours, wi' the lock siller wehad gi’en
answered , that his eyes " had failed them . ” I shook hands with him for
him a gude dale ;" but added, that he the last time, -he then called himself
saw his friend Barholm , and that he above one hundred and twenty years of
could see a youth sitting betwixt them , age : he died about 1790. His great
whom he did not know . I was intro- age never was disputed to the extent
duced, and had a gracious shake of his of more than three or four years.
hand. He told me I was setting out in The oldest people in the country al
life, and admonished me to “ tak care lowed the account to be correct.
o my han', and do naething to dis- The great -grandmother of the writer
honor the gude stock o' folk wasthat I of this article died at the ;advance d
was come o";" he added , that I the age of one hundred and four her age
fourth generation of us he had been was correctly known. She said, that
acquaint wi'. Each of us paid a small Wull Marshal was a man when she
pecuniary tribute of respect, - ) at- was a bitt callant, (provincially, in
tempted to add to mine, but Barholm Galloway, a very young girl.) She
told me, he had fully as much as had no doubt as to his being fifteen
would be put to a good use. We were or sixteen years older than herself,
returning the same way , betwixt ten and he survived her several years.
and eleven at night, after spending a His long reign, if not glorious, was in
pleasant day, and taking a cheerful the main fortunate for himself and
glass with our friend Mr M'Caul; we his people. Only one eat calamity
were descending the beautifully wood- befel him and them , during that long
ed hills, above the picturesque glen space oftime in which he held the reins
of Polnure,--my two companions were of government. It may have been al
napping, -- the moon shone clear, --and ready suspected , that with Billy Mar
all nature was quiet, excepting Pol- shal ambition was a ruling passion ;
nure burn , and the dwelling of Billy and this bane of human fortune had
Marshal,-- the postillion stopt (in these stimulated in him a desire to extend
parts thewell-known, and well-liked his dominions, from the Brigg end of
Johnny Whurk ), and turning round Dumfries to the Newton of Ayr, at a
with a voice which indicated terror, time when he well knew the Braes of
he said, “ Gude guide us, there's folk Glen -Nap, and the Water of Doon, to
singing psalms in the wud !” My be his western precinct. He reached
companions awoke and listened ,-Bar- the Newton of Ayr, which I believe is
holm said , psalms, sure enough ;" in Kyle ; but there he was opposed ,
but Bargaly said , “ the deil a - bit o' and compelled to recross the river, by
them are psalms. We went on, and a powerful body of tinkers from Ara
stopt again at the door of the old gyle or Dumbarton . He said, in his
king : we then heard Billy go through bulletins, that they were supported by
a great many stanzas of a song, in strong bodiesofIrish sailors, and Kyle
such a way that convinced us that colliers. Billy had no artillery, but
his memory and voice , had , at any his cavalryand infantry suffered very
rate, not failed him ; he was joined severely. He was obliged to leave a
by a numerous and powerful chorus. great part of his baggage, provisions,
It is quite needless to be so minute and camp equipage,behind him ; con
as to give any account of the song sisting of kettles, pots, pans, blankets,
which Billy sung ; it will be enough crockery, horns, pigs, poultry , & c.
to say, that my friend Barholm was A large proportion of shelties , asses,
completely wrong, in supposing it to andmules, were driven into the water
be a psalm; itresembled in no par- and drowned, which occasioned a heavy
ticular , psalm , paraphrase, or hymn. loss, in creels, panniers, hampers,
We called him outagain ,-- he appear- tinkers’ tools, and cooking utensils ;
ed much brisker than he was in the and although he was as well appoint
morning : we advised him to go to ed , as to a medical staff, as such ex
bed ; but he replied , that “ he didna peditions usually were, in addition
think he wad be muckle in his bed that to those who were missing, many died
night,—they had to tak the country in of their wounds. However, on reach
the morning (meaning, that they were ing Maybole with his broken and dis
to begin a ramble over the country ), pirited troops, he was joined by a
and that they66 were just takin a wee faithful ally from the county of Down ;
drap drink to the health of our hon who, unlike other allies on such occa
1817.] Fragment of a Literary Romance. 465

sions, didnot forsake him in his ad- although considerably aged, Maidens !
versity . This junction enabled our whose toilet is made on the primerosed
hero to rally, and pursue in his turn : banks of Helicon ! Ye who, bending
a pitched battle was again fought, o'er the mirror of its glassy water,
somewhere about the Brigg of Doon gaze on your unfading charms, the
or Alloway Kirk ; when both sides, as soft carnation of whose cheeks no
is usual, claimed a victory ; but, how , years can wither, the lilies of whose
ever this may have been , it is believed skin no sorrows have defaced ! Ye,
that this disaster, which happenedA. in whose school the youthful Homer
D. 1712, had slaked the thirst of Bil- conned his immortal task, and who
ly's ambition : He was many years in hung with the freshest garlands of the
rccovering from the effects ofthis great sky the cradle of the infant Shak
political error ; indeed , it had nearly speare! Ye who appear to have lived
proved as fatal to the fortunes of Billy for ever, yet are ever young, who
Marshal, as the ever memorable Rus- have sung for ever, yet have never tired ,
sian campaign did to Napoleon Bona- -whilst responsive to your melody,
parte, about the same year in the suc- your accomplished leader and near re
ceeding century : lation , Apollo, strikes on his golden
It is usual for writers, to give the lyre the inexpressive symphony, -- hear
character along with the death of their me, ye gentle ladies! breathe but one
prince or hero : I would like to be ex- whisper of approval ; bend but for a
cused from the performance of any moment your illustrious eyes on these
such task , as drawing the character incipient labours. Sprinkle on the
of Billy Marshal ; but it may be done head of your youthful votary one
in a few words, by saying that he little palmful of celestial dew ; and
had from naturea strong mind, with gild, with one immortal smile, his
a vigorous and active person ; and daring efforts, who is about to soar
into the world of unknown existence.'
that , either naturally or by acquire
ment, he possessed every mental and And now, having discharged my con
personal quality, which was requisite science of this debt of invocation, I
for one who was placed in his high can proceed with a lighter heart to my
station, and who held sovereign power narration, confident of the assistance
over his fellow creatures for so great a of these discreet gentlewomen , whom,
length of time: I would be glad if you know well, sweet and judicious
I could, with impartiality, close my reader, to be none other than theintel
account here ; but it becomes my lectual accoucheurs to all poets in the
duty to add, that, ( from expediency, straw .
it is believed, not from choice) with The moment my aerial companion
the exception of intemperate drinking, had waved her wand, a deep and sil
treachery, and ingratitude, he prac- very cloud rose, as it seemed to me,
tised every crime which is incident to from the little stream that murmured
human nature,—those of thedeepest hardby. Ascending slowly, but con
dye, I am afraid, cannot with truth stantly extending itself as it arose, it
be included in the exception : In short, in a short time had enveloped the
his people met with an irreparable whole prospect ; and the hills, the
loss in the death of their king and woods, the rivulet itself, and all the
leader ; but it never was alleged , that lovely scenery of the landscape, began
the moral world sustained any loss by to floatbefore my eyes, like the green
the death of the man . L. fields of Yemen in the visions of the
Edinburgh, May 26 , 1817. faithful. In a few moments they en
tirely vanished, and I found myself
surrounded by the same thick cloud,
which seemed however to be gradual
FRAGMENT OF A LITERARY ROMANCE. ly assuming a more decided colour,
Continued from p. 387. although its deep and waving curtain
still left me utterly unable to divine
And now , when I consider the great- what was passing beneath it.
ness of my subject, it is quite impos- “ Listen ,” said my Conductress, " and
sible for meto proceed without a suit- try ifyou candiscern any sounds in the
able invocation . cloud ? ” I listened deeply attentive,
“Come, then, ye blessed Muses ! and methought I could distinguish
ye immortal Nine ! ye ever beautiful, something like the faint and distant
 466 Fragment of a Literary Romance. [ August
hum of voices. After a short time the and the sides of many of the lower
sounds became deeper, and this was hills were richly fringed with woods,
the first circumstance which gave me which extended themselves into the
the suspicion , that, although insensi- valley, not in those unmeaning clumps
ble to any thing like motion, I was affixed by the niggard rules of art,
actually travelling through the heavens but in those grand and liberal masses
to some unknown region. Of the which mark the unsparing hand of
truth of this I became soon satisfac- Nature. Towards the upper end of
torily convinced . For, keeping my the valley, and partly hid by the wind
eyesfixed intently on the cloud be- ing form it had assumed ,and the woods
fore me, I could discern its whole which in some places broidered its
body begin to assume slowly a mild banks, was a pure and transparent lake.
and rosy hue (not unlike that lovely It was studded and beautified exceed
colour which, after sunset, you may ingly by many little islands ; and as
have seen in a clear December even- itssurface was as pellucidas a mirror,
ing) : the murmur of the voices Ihad it is impossible for me to describe that
before heard became more audible, lovely and softened scene which shone
and at last, looking stedfastly before reflected beneath the quiet of its wave.
me, I could distinguish several dim These islands were partly wooded ;
and indistinct figures, sometimesmove and, embosomed in their groves, i
ing, sometimesat rest, in the cloudy could discern the spires and colonnades
medium . which seemed to me the dwellings of
“ We shall soon reach the end of this world above . *
our journey ,” said my beautiful Con- Throughout the valley I perceived
ductress. “ You already discern in the many groups of figures, which, asthey
distance some of the inhabitants of the wandered along the borders of the
Paradise of Philosophic and Literary lake, or winded through thealleys and
Spirits. When I say Paradise, I here passes in the wood, seemed engaged
use the word not so much in the sense in conversation or in search ofamuse
of your own language, as in that of
its original Greek derivative, rapadors, After writing this description of the
an enclosed situation ; for you will Paradise borrowed
of Literary Spirits (the outlineof
soon perceive that there are many com which is from Bernier's beautiful
Kashmere ), I met
the Valley of
paratively inferior spirits here, whom account
with theoffollowing fine pictureof the Celtic
you would hardlyexpect to meet with Paradise.
in what you might have erroneously “ The isle spread large before him like
supposed, from its being so much more a pleasing dream of the soul, where dis
beautiful than your own earth , a li- tance fades not on the sight-- where near
terary heaven . ” ness fatigues not the eye. It had its gently
sloping hills of green , nor did they wholly
As she spoke we had arrived on a want their clouds. But the clouds were
kind of eminence ; the cloud with bright and transparent , and each involved
which we had been surrounded be- inits bosom the source ofa stream : a beau
came gradually thinner ; and , as its teous stream , which, wandering down the
waving folds tinged with a rosy hue, steep, was like the joint notes of the half
floated slowly in the breeze, it dis- touched harp to the distant ear. The val.
closed from beneath it, at intervals, lieswere open and free to the ocean . Trees
that beautiful picture which now loaded with leaves, which scarcely waved to
thelight breeze,
stretched itself in varied extension be declivitie were scattered on thegreen
low me . I saw an extensive valley , windswalked s and noton the mountai
rising grounds . The n . rude
No
surrounded on all sides by a range o f
green mountains, which appeared at a storm took its course through the sky. All
was calm and bright. The pure sun of au.
great distance. Their height was con- tumn shone from the sky on the fields. He
siderable, their outline bold and strik- hastened not to the west for repose ; nor
ing. In the little vallies, which form- was he seen to rise in the east . He sits in
ed themselves between these moun- his noonday height, and looks obliquely on
tains, I could discern the sparkling of the noble isle . In each valley is its slow
numberless rivulets, which, flowing moving stream . The pure waters swell
banks,
fields.the The
down their parent hills like so many over showers yet abstain
and disturb from; nor
them not the
veins of diamond, watered and cooled they lessened by the heat of the sun.
the valley, and gave an uncommon are On the rising hills are the halls of the de
verdure to the scenerythrough which parted, the high-roofed dwellings of the
they flowed . The ground was varied ; heroes of old.”
1817. ) Fragment of a Literary Romance . 461
ment. Some companies were seated or Spirits of Gennistan, so deservedly
on the green banksof the little streams famous in Arabian romance. They
which flowed into the lake. Some are composed of so pure and etherial
were walking in those islands which an essence, that if their little tunics
studded its bosom , or were busy in were removed , you would be surprised
culling the flowers, whose fragrance at the transparency and beauty of their
perfumed the air around me. Others, shape. This is in some measure oc
seated beneath some spreading tree, casioned by their living entirely on
or reclined on the mossy carpet atits the odoursof flowers, which they ime
root, seemed devoted to philosophic bibe from those little baskets which
discussion ; whilst a few solitaries were you see in their hands.” — “ Those little
seen wandering in some of the more gentlemen then, said I, “ who surpris
distant groves , or had retired to court ed me by burying their heads in their
the solemn intercourse of their own baskets, are probably inhaling their
thoughts in the more secluded corners fragrant dinner on the corner of the
of the landscape. cloud yonder.— “ You are quite right,”
We now entered the valley itself ; she replied ; and raising her wand in
and looking up, I saw , to my aston- the direction where the Peris were as
ishment, in the air, a great number sembled, one of them immediately
of beautiful little mortals, or rather perceived the signal, and came flying
immortals, with wings on their backs, towards us, having slung his bas
of variegated colours and very rich ket or flower-scrip on his shoulder ;
plumage , and dressed in airy vest- alighting, he bent one knee to the
ments of every different tint which ground , and, placing his hand on his
can be conceived . Some were stand- forehead, made the Eastern sign of
ing in groups, seemingly as easily in obeisance, -then springing lightly up,
the air as ourselves on the ground. he waited in silence for our orders.
Others, fluttering about, were chasing “ Peri," said my Conductress, “ what
each other in sport. Some, with bas- is going on amongst my literary friends,
kets in their hands, and seated on the your masters, in the valley ? I have
corner of a cloud, were poring with brought a stranger with me, my par
their little heads into the baskets (an ticular friend, and I couldwish to have
occupation afterwards explained to something new and striking,-soine
me). Others were employed in dan- great public sight, or rare and signal
cing ; but the figure was unlike any occurrence, which might be worthy of
thing I had ever seen before, being his notice.” — “ Dear mistress,” replied
half- flying, half-hopping ; whilst their the little Spirit, “ you could not possi
musician , a gay little gentleman, with bly have arrived at a more happy time.
his pipe and tabor, sat in the air ; and, The gaieties of our valley have but
· whilst his eyes sparkled with delight, justcommenced ; and this very night ,
and his feet quivered with anxiety to Paulius Jovius gives a rout at his villa
join them, kept clapping his wings in on the lake ; and to -morrow there is
unison to his own music . to be a select hop at Hugo Grotius', in
At this sight I could not conceal my honour of his little daughter Cornelia.
astonishment. An exclamation of de- The very last cards which I distribut
light escaped me, and I turned to my ed were to Torquato Tasso and Sir
Conductress. “ These beings," said she, Thomas Urquhart; but it is most for
“ whose appearance seems to give you tunate that, owing to Scipio and Læ
so much pleasure, are the servants or lius being absent on a tour, I have
domestics of this Paradise. We em- still two left.” Saying this, the dear
ploy them in all our errands, and they Peri pulled out, frombelow the folds
are noneother than the Eastern Peris,* of his tunic, two purple- coloured cards
with golden letters on them ,* and pre
* “ Dans le Caherman Nama ( Roman
fameux de Perse ) les Dives ayant pris en The agency of these little spirits has been
guerre quelques unes de ces Péris les enfer- at length introduced into English poetry in
mèrent dans des cages de fer, qu'ils suspen- Moore's very charming romance of Lalla
dirent aux plus hauts arbres qu'ils purent Rookh , under the tale of Paradise and the
trouver, où leurs compagnes les venoient de Peri, in which all the warm imagery, and
temps en temps visiter, avec des odeurs les all the glowing colours of an Eastern imagi
plus precieuses. Ces odeurs, ou parfums nation,are united to illustratea nobler moral
étoient la nourriture ordinaire des Péris." than generally found Oriental Poetry.
is in
D'Herbélot, Bibliothique Orientale, sous • The richest books of the ancients were
le mot Péri. written upon purple -coloured parchinent,
 468 Fragment ofa Literary Romance. [ August
sented them to me and my Conduc- the first who introduced this verbia
tress. On the first I could read, gerie . He was, however, a great man,
“ Paulus Jovius at home and I respect his genius. But this
from 9 to 12." lady, sir, -- Why, Rousseau is nothing
And on the second , Hugo Grotius re to her .”
quests the honour, in the usual style, I was so perfectly thunderstruck at
and dated , Villa Grotiana . Having hearing this violent exordium of the
acquitted herself in this polite manner, old sieur's, and directed too against
the Peri addre ssed herself to flight, one of the most eloquent and popular
but first pointing to a figure which we authors of the present day, that I
now saw approaching us, see there,” stood for some time in perfect si
66

said she, “ yonder comes the Sieur de lence.

Montaigne, as talkative a gentleman He, however, like all Frenchmen ,
as any in the valley. He will give you more attentive to the elucidation of his
all the news ; and, as his acquaintance subject than to the dispositions of his
is most extensive, you could not have audience , pursued thepoint in a still
a better Cicerone.” Saying this, she severer strain of invective. Here,
made another obeisance, sprung up sir,” said he, (holding out the small
into the air, and joined her com- Treatise De L'Influence, des Passions )
panions. Montaigne coming up soon “ here is a work, sir, professedly on
after, immediatelyjoined us, anddid the passions, buttruly embracingal
ample justice to the character the Peri most every subject der heaven . This
had given him. He was a dark, ill, I have had the consummate patience
favoured, strong made, little man ; and to read from beginning to end without
I perceived he had been reading a understanding a single syllable. Nay,
book, which , on addressing us, he im- had it been from end to beginning it
mediately closed . With that spirit had beenquite the same thing to me.
of polite officiousness which isthe This work, in short, sir,” said he, af
characteristic of his nation , he told us fecting great gravity, but smiling insi
he had observed the Peri giving us diously as he spoke, “ this work will
cards, of course to Paulus Jovius' rout, be read when Pascal, Fontenelle, and
and that he would think himself for- Voltaire,-when , in the words of
tunate in having the honour of accom- Madame herself, our grandsprosateurs
panying us . “ I was most agreeably are forgotten ,* --but not till then . I
interrupted ," said he, “by your arrival, have been very prolix and talkative,”
for I had just been reading, or rather said he, “ but this was always a fault
fretting, for the last hour, and that'sa of mine. Long ago, in one of my Es
great deal for me, over a work which says ( the one on Books I think ),+ I
has but lately arrived from yourworld professed my utter detestation of all
( turning to me), a Frenchwork too, long winded introductions,all prefaces,
and by agentle countrywoman, Ma- divisions, etymologies, and exordiums.
dame de Stael ; but from such extra- What then must I think of this lady,
ordinary verbiage, such unmeaning who is all preface and exordium
theorizing, Heaven hereafter defend throughout.
my poor head . She's a remarkable “ But criticism is useless here
woman too, and has some great ideas she is too old , sir, far too old an of
and truly originalthoughts about her, fender tomend. Were she young,
but such a volubility of words-- such there might be some hopes of her, but
a successful obscurity — such terms of she is past her grand climacteric. She
unknown and nysterious meaning, has got pretty far down in that dark
that to one who is an old author like avenue which she tells us terminates
myself, and uninitiated in this new in the agony of age : -her style and
scho
straol
, all the sense there is seems obscurit , her philosophic mysterious
ngled in the birth , and smothered ness, hasygrown with her growth. Os
in its efforts to get to light.
“ That rascal of ours, Rousseau , was 继
“ These poems, said Porson ( speaking
of someephemeral productions of his own
with letters in liquid gold. These gorgeous day), will be read whenHomer and Virgil
species of manuscripts are alluded to both are forgotten , but not till then .”
by Propertius and Ovid. The covers of + Book II. C. 10. Vol. II.
their manuscripts also were often enriched # In Delphine, Madame de Stael uses
with precious stones. this singular term .
5
 1817.] Fragment ofa Literary Romance . 469
sibus inhæret, It is quite irreclaima- begin. In writing those works, which
ble.” are occupied on subjects of reasoning
“You certainly aremuch too severe, andphilosophy, you must be conduct
sir, ” I ventured to observe, although ed through passages, which ought to
the old gentleman had worked himself be plain and perspicuous, to conclusions
up into a state of irritation, which which are at once forcible and satis
made it somewhat of a dangerous ser- factory. Then indeed , when in the
vice to thwart him , especially as I was course of these reasonings, the author,
a mere mortal and he an enraged ghost. conducted naturally by the greatness
“ This lady has perhaps many of the of his subject, rises withouteffort from
faults you mention , but you judge the more sober regions of demonstra
from her earliest and most imperfect tive truth, into illustrations which ac
performance. Read Corinne, sir; read quire an impressive eloquence from the
De la Litterature ; read, said I, gain- dignity of the truths to which they
ing courage, her work on Germany. relate , then indeed we can follow him
It is in these you will recognise her with pleasure — we can peruse him
genius,-it is in these you will dis- with enthusiasm . It is the gem of
cover her real eulogium . I allow cer- eloquence glittering in the setting of
tainly, that in these also there are truth ; but when an author, who sets
great faults. Her obscurity, -her high- out in obscurity , begins blustering
sounding phrases,-her often unmean- with unmeaning eloquence in his ex
ing expletives, -and all the imposing ordium , or, before he has well stated
apparatus of verbiagerie, are not un- his object, bursts out into some ex
sparingly employed ; but these faults clamation of mysterious triumph, or
are redeemed by so many brilliant pas- unintelligible rapture; this, sir , (with
sages, -by such enchanting descrip- all due respect for your authoress) is
tions,—by such touching and eloquent what Imust, judging by my antiquat
appeals, -and , pardon me most res- ed notions of criticism , call the very
pectable sieur, by so high a strain , -by height of absurdity and self -conceit,
so pure a tone of moral feeling, that But come, come ; we have had quite
few , very few , will rise from their enough of Madame de Stael ; I see I
perusal without admiration for her have not convinced you, so we had
uncommon and original mind.” better change the subject, and, fortun
“ Well, well,” said Montaigne, ately, here comes, in good time, a most
you are evidently yourself infected intimate and amusing friend of mine,
by this new style of philosophising, Sir Thomas Urquhart. Perhaps you
and will probably be one day or other have met with his renowned works ;
intrudingupon your unfortunate world if so, I must tell you , he is just as
some treatise or dissertation, contain- odd as they are. Amongst us here,
ing as much brilliant nonsense, and indeed, he passes for one of our
enchanting appeals, as your wrong- most entertaining and extraordinary
headed Instructress. But hear me for spirits. All his strange theories and
a moment. I am , as you see , an old uncommon phraseology he has con
and experienced ghost. You are evi- scientiously imported with him from
dently a middle -aged and inexperience the other world . Sir Thomas ,'
ed mortal. Takemy word for't, this continued he, as the learned knight
style of writing won't last. It is not of Cromarty began solemnly to ad
of the re perennins kind. It won't, vance, • let me introduce you to a
like some other unfading productions gentleman who has just arrived from
of your age, strike its roots into one the other world. He is , I assure you,
century, and flourish brighter and none of those self-sufficient spirits,
fairer through the next. It is too whom , under the significantterms of
much like Charlatanerie ; before one archæomanetick coxcombs and pristin
can be eloquent he must be undere ary lobcocks, you censure in that ne.
stood .* Mystery and verbiage must ver- to -be-forgotten treatise, your In
cease before conviction or instruction troduction to Universal Language.'
Although Montaigne is evidently too unnecessary parade and premeditated elo
severe, and very strongly prejudiced by his quence in writing.
notions imbibed from theold French writers, Ridentem dicere verum
the literati of the ancien regime, yet there Quid vetat.
is perhaps some truth in his criticisms on • Sce Sir Thomas Urquhart's Tracts.
Vol. I. 30
470 Fragment of a Literary Romance. [ August
Sir Thomas's countenance greatly both orderly digested and aptly con
relaxed at this well-timed compliment ceived . We have lived , sir , in those
of old Montaigne's. He stepped two great eras,-those commendable mea
paces back, arranged his limbs, and surements of the regent of this di
drew up his body into something like urnal microcosme, -those exalted pe
the first position ; after gently strok- riodi, by which the sagacity of the
ing its ruffle, he placed his righthand sapient philosophunculi of this rotun
on his heart, and moving theleft in a dal habitation,hath measured the un
graceful semi-circle towards his head, ceasing rotations of the cælicolary
he slowly took off his hat and feather, spheroids,-in those times, seignior,
and inclined his stifftrunk into a pro- when the old were respected, and in
found reverence. Raising himself then all estimation — the young sweet and
with equal gravity, he advanced in judicious — the married women deco
solemn silence and kissed me on both rous rather than decorated, grave as
cheeks. Upon the conclusion of this well as gravida — the virgins pure and
ceremonial, Montaigne, turning to me, pitiful — the youth becomingly silent,
exclaimed , “ Of all things in the world , and more given to listen to the legis
I would wish to have some account of lative or literatorie discussions of their
the state of manners and society a- elders, than to any cunning tricks or
mongst you now-a-days. No doubt you vulpicularie conundrums, to the jeers ,
have had great changes since our good gibes, mopes, quips, jests, or jerks of
old days. The wheel of society and their simiatick companions. Gallan
manners is ever revolving, and , like try, sir, ( said he, turning to me) or
the fiery wheel of some skilful Pyro- the exalted science of demulceating the
technic, each new revolution presents amiable reservedness, and overcoming
us with some figure, more strange and the attractive pudicity, of the gentler
more wonderful than its predecessor. sex, by the display of rare and excel
Man has altered his doublet, and wo- lent endowments, was a discipline wor
man her fardingale, many a time for thy of the accomplished chevaliers of
the worse, since I kept court * with my these most memorable eras . 9)

sovereign at Rouen . Yet I made but As Sir Thomas had finished this
a shabby courtier after all — though I last period, and seemed to be clearing
loved those chivalrous days of our an- his throat, and arranging his attitude
cient monarchy. “ Truly, sieur,” + for a more detailed exposition upon
replied Sir Thomas, “ your observa- the gallantry of the sixteenth century,
tions on those antiquated times, as we were interrupted by the approach
they are now called by those shallow of one of the little spirits who had an
and fidimplicitary coxcombs, who fill nounced themselves, on my first arri
our too credulous ears with their quis- val, to be the domestics of the Literary
quiliary deblaterations, appear to me Paradise. " That Peri, who approaches
us,” said Montaigne, " has on the Jo
vian livery, and comes to tell us that
Montaigne nousapprend qu'il theevening
n'etoit pas ennemi de l'agitation des cours,
is nowfarenough advanc
et qu'il y avoit passé une partie de sa vie. ed for us to be setting out to Paulus'
En effet il se trouva a Rouen, pendant que rout. I hear the old gentleman has
le Roi Charles IX. y 'etoit.” — Vie de Mon. spared no pains ; his gardens are to be
taigne. illuminated, his fountains in full play ;
^ I have attempted here an imitation we are to assemble in the library to
of the extraordinary styleof Sir Thomas have a promenade by moonlight , and
Urquhart, a man of genius, as none who to sup in the summer -house of the
have perused his inimitable translation of of Elogia.'
part of Rabelais will be disposed to deny , or
his extraordinary account of the murder of It immediately struck me, that amid
the admirable Crichton, in his tracts (un- all this splendour my appearance would
der the one named the Jewel), but in other be more than commonly shabby. I
respects of the most ridiculous pretensions, cast a mournful look at my threadbare
and these conveyed in the most quaint and habiliments ( for I had on that decay
unintelligible phraseology, asevery onewho ed suit which I have appropriated
has turned over his Introduction to a Uni.
vers al Language will most readily allow . solely for home consumption ), 1then
Most of the singular words in thisspeech of partially and slily raised the oldest of
Sir Thomas are either sanctioned by his my slippers , anddirected a petitioning
own authority, or coined according tothose look to myConductross, as much as to
rules he seems to have adopted. say , You , kindest lady, who have had
1817.] Account of a Thunder Storm at Leadhills. 471
the power to bring me here, may per- and the air became somewhat warmer.
haps have the goodness to order some The wind, however, still continued to
of your aerial tailors to furnish me blow with unabated violence. About
with a suit worthy of the illustrious five o'clock , P. M. the wind became
society to which I am about to be in- less violent, and, in a few hours more,
troduced. She immediately gave me was entirely divested of its tempestu
a smile, which was at once humorous ous force . I myself heard no more
and delightful; it played upon her thunder that night, but somein this
lip, dimpled in her cheek , and rising village assured me that they heard it
in its course, gave a purer lustre and repeatedly during the night. About
more renovated beauty to her eyes. Crawford, eightmiles east from Lead
“ Peri,” said she,“ conduct this stran , hills, it was distinctly heard the great
ger to the chamber I ordered you to er part of the night. I saw several
prepare for him. You and your breth- very vivid flashes of lightning from
renmust attend to his toilet, and ac- that quarter about ten o'clock ,P. M.
company him to the Villa Joviana. I OnSunday, when visiting the same
shall meet you there in an hour ; but family in the country, the master of
I must rest now for some minutes. the house told me that he was very
My extraordinary toilet, and the hu- much alarmed as he was going home
mours of Paulus' rout, will form the on Saturday evening, between six and
subject of another chapter. seven o'clock, “ from ," as he expressed
himself, “ his horse's ears being the
same as two burning candles, and the
edges of his hat being all in a flame.”
ACCOUNT OF A THUNDER STORM IN I wished much I had seen an appear
THE NEIGHBOURHOOD OF LEAD ance of the kind, and it was notlong
HILLS, LANARKSHIRE ; till I had an opportunity of doing so.
By Mr JAMES Brain, Surgeon at Tuesday 18th, in the evening, there
Leadhills. were such flashes of lightning from
Wernerian Society, 7th the west, sometimes
minutes, repeated everytwo or three
( Read before the
June 1817.)
at shorter inter
vals, as appeared to illumine the whole
On Saturday, 15th February 1817, heavens ; but I heard no thunder that
we had veryhigh wind in this neigh- evening,
bourhood . Its direction was souther- On Thursday 20th , I was gratified
ly, though by no means steady to one for a few minutes with the luminous
point:-it also varied very much as to appearance described above. It was
force . about nine o'clock , P. M. I had no
At mid-day I had occasion to visit sooner got on horseback than I obsery
a family six miles down the country, ed the tips of both the horse's ears to
which gave me an opportunity of mak- be quite luminous:appearance.
the edges of my
ing the following observations: hat had the same I was
The wind, as has already been stat- soon deprived of these luminaries by a
ed, was very unsteady, both as to di- shower of moist snow which immedi
rection and force. It was so violent ately began to fall. The horse's ears
as several times nearly to force me soon became wet and lost their lumin
from my horse, though I was upon my ous appearance ; but the edges of my
guard, being afraid it might do so. hat, being longer of getting wet, con
At one time it was so violent as to tinued to give the luminous appearance
force my horse, though very stout, se- somewhat longer.
veral yards off the high -way. I could observe an immense num
There were many dark-coloured ber of minute sparks darting towards
clouds floating in the atmosphere in the horse's ears and the margin of my
all directions . I observed several of hat, which produced a very beautiful
these clouds rush suddenly towards appearance, and I was sorry to be so
others and unite, and I think with the soon deprived of it.
same velocity, though someof them The atmosphere in this neighbour
contrary to the direction of the wind. hood appeared to be very highly elec
The air felt excessively cold. Almost trified for eight or ten days about this
immediately after the union of these time. Thunder was heard occasione
clouds, there was a very loud clap of ally from 15th to 23d, during which
dhunder, followed by a shower of hail, time the weather was very unsteady ;
472 On the Exportation of Cotton Yarn . [ August
frequent showers of hail, snow , rain , your readers should be furnished, too,
1
&c. with as much as possible of suceinct
I can find no person in this quarter and tastefully arranged fact, concern
who remembers to have ever seen the ing all the countries and colonies with
luminous appearance mentioned above, which we are connected. I intreat you
before this season , -or such a quantity humbly to keep thesethings in view ;
of lightning darting across the hea- and to lay under contribution , for these
vens,-nor who have heard so much purposes, such able and well-provided
thunder at that season of the year. correspondents, as the personal influ
This country being all stocked with ence of yourself and your Publisher,
sheep, and the herds having frequent and the internal attractions of your
occasion to pay attention to the state Work, may have brought about you.
of the weather, it is not to be thought From an account* printed by the
that such an appearance can have been House of Commons, 20th March last,
at all frequent, and none of them to it appears, that for the years 1815
have observed it. 16-17, the official value of cotton
Leadhills, 3d May 1817. yarn exported abroad was, in each of
these years respectively , - £ 2,907,276,
- £ 1,781,077 , - £ 2,707,384. I find
from the Annual Finance Books, pub
ON THE EXPORTATION OF COTTON lished for the use of Parliament in
YARN . 1812 and 13, that the official value of
the same article, in the four years
MR EDITOR, proceeding 1814 , stood as follows :
I know not whether you be that dig- 1810, £ 1,097,536–1811, £1,075,237
nified and determinate sort of inan -1812, £545,237-1813 , £966,007.+
which ordinary people, like me, in While an alarmning decrease, therefore,
their extreme simplicity, are apt to set. has taken place in the demand for our
down for the conductor of a literary cotton fabrics, occasioned by the other
journal. But if power, and the love countries of Europe becoming, as well
of sway consequent on the possession as America, manufacturers for them
of it, have not yet wholly corrupted selves, an increase in the foreign pur
your understanding, bear with me, for chase of our cotton twist has, from the
hinting to you, that among the many same cause, been made apparent. Eng
improvements as to mere arrangement, land, as well as the other countries of
and the other far more essential ones Europe, must remain dependent on
in point of spirit and talent, of which, America for a supply of the raw mate
above all others, your young work ex- rial of cotton ; and if America conti
hibits so many proofs -- I think it is nues to work up such immense quan
still much deficient in what relates to tities of that article, it is highly pro
the financial and commercial concerns bable, that large supplies of spun
of the country. Let me draw your cotton will find their way from thence
notice to them as, in every direction , to Russia and France, and other coun
and at all periods, deserving of your tries of the European Continent, with
best attention . It is to them , next to which the Americans have a direct
the more pressing matters of personal trade. England, however, is a coal
security and civil liberty, that the country, and has excellent machinery
anxious curiosity of that part of your in abundance ; and though nothing
readers which best deserves to be can work a charm against the effects
pleased is drawn at this moment. of excessive taxation , there may be
Thither it must be drawn for a long grounds for hoping that, in the pro
time, while we hardly know into what cess of time, she may be able to enter
channels our commercial relations with into effectual competition, at the best
other countries shall settle down, or markets of Europe, with the manufac
how we shall recover from the agita- turers of Rouen and Prague, with her
tion consequent on our deep-drawn
and breathless contests, or the stun * Parl. Pro . 1817, No 141 .
nings of our sudden success . To un of The following shews the fluctuation of
derstand these relations well, and to our exports in cotton manufactured goods
estimate fairly the phenomena which for the sameperiod:-1810 ,official value,
will still be emerging under altered £ 18,634,614__1811, £ 18,033,794-1812,
circumstances and new connexions, £ 11,715,533—1813, £ 15,972,826.
 1817.) On the Exportation of Cotton Yarn . 473
finer cotton fabrics, as well as with her to want, or enable them to buy, any
cotton twist. This, however, cannot one article of luxury or necessity. But
be rationally expected under present this is carrying me out of bounds, and
circumstances. In the meantime it I must content myself with referring
becomes us, like drowning mariners, you , for some clear and incontrovert
to cling to the last plank which affords ible views on this subject, to a contem .
us any chance of preservation. Even porary journal.*
the rigid law of hard necessity , how- The export of cotton yarn to Ger
ever , will not teach sense to those who many, in the year ended 5th Jan. 1817,
are most conversant with tangible ex- is alone 10,594,400lbs.-- more, by one
istences, and who might be supposed eighth , than a half of what we have
to be, of all classes of men, the least sent to all the world beside. And, with
liable to be led away by extravagant the docile genius and happy turn for
refinements, against the evidence of imitative industry which distinguish
ordinaryreason. Several petitions were the German people, it is easy to anti
presented to Parliament in the course cipate what rapid strides they will
of this spring, requesting that duties make, withonly a few years of peace,
might be laid on the exportation of in this most important branch of in
cotton twist. Nothing has yet been dustry . Russia is the next best cus
done, in the way of enactment, to meet tomer in this branch . She took , this
the wishes of these petitioners ; and if year, 2,554,942 lbs. which, however,
Parliament continues to refrain , it will was about 400,000 lbs. less than in
have the high credit of opposing, to 1816. She will no doubt begin to ma
the cominon prejudices of the people, nufacture for herself ; and it will be
an approximation to the doctrines of the object of her enterprising and pa
political economy. The imposition of ternal autocrat, to give her, in that
even a nominal duty, in the present direction , perhaps a greater impulse
case, would have, for its only effect, than the graduated scale of her civiliza
the sure consequence of preventing, in tion, the formsof her society, or the
a short time, even a small quantity of influence ofher yet feudal government,
the article from reaching the Continent may permit.
from Britain . It would make the Holland and Flanders are the next
spinners of twist shut up their mills, considerable in demand . Ireland fol
and carry their capital somewhere else. lows them ; for to that country 622,107
This, or even any thing which by dis- lbs. were sent this year,—thoughin
tant consequence leads to it, it is our 1816 the amount had been 705,599 lbs.
interest at all times to avoid , and more It is a curious fact, when taken in
especially at the present unhappy con- contrast with this statement, that pre
juncture of affairs. Even they who vious to 1781, no manufactured cote
are most inclined to hope on against ton was exported from Ireland. In
conviction, must be at last convinced, that year, the whole amount of cotton
that the national capital is at present yarnexported from that country was
disappearing to an extent almost un- 239 lbs. and manufactured cotton to
precedented ; and that it will continue the value of only £ 157,78. - although
to do so ,under our financial difficulties, Parliament had been at the pains, three
even were our commercial relations years before , to pass anact, allowing
very different from what they are. If « the free importation of cotton yarn ,
any part of it, therefore, can be bene- manufactured in Ireland, into any of
ficially invested in the production of the British ports.” But at that time
cotton twist for a foreign market (and we were at war with America , and
as things are, it will be beneficially in- Ireland had gained confidence and con
vested if applied when it can produce sequence from her volunteers. In the
a small return , byway of profit, to the course of the same year , Parliament
holder , and contribute to negative the
wasting process, by giving such em
ployment as will enable some of the * THE SCOTSMAN , Edinburgh News
people to maintain themselves freely ), paper , under date 17th May. Whatever
it is a publicand a solemn duty not to views
may beinthecomplex ion of those political
which
interfere withthe exportation of cot- is unquestio nablythat ablest andindulges
the Journal , it
soundest
ton twist. With every thing, verymuch expositor of themost improved views of po
the reverse of what it wasin 1808 and litical economy among all our papers ---daily
1809, we cannot force our neighbours or weekly:
47 On the Education of the Poor . [ August
laid a heavy duty on cotton wool or yet I believe very little has been
yarn, imported in foreign vessels “ du- done, except in large towns, for the
ring thepresent hostilities ;" and the spread of education . It doesnot seem
newly acquired strength of Ireland to have occurred to the inhabitants of
purchased for her, from the English our country towns and villages, of
ministry, a free trade, -one of theim- what inestimable advantage aset of
mediate consequences ofwhich to her parochial schools might prove to the
was , that in one year, viz. 1782, her community, and how completely every
exports of cotton yarn rose to 8798 lbs. objection which has been elsewhere
In 1783, Ireland imported only 5405 lbs. urged, and with some reason , against
I have thus givenyou a small specie larger schools, as collecting together
men , Mr Editor, ofwhat, it occurs to the bad and good, often to the cor
me, your readers may expect of you ruption of thelatter, may be set aside
fromtime to time. In my next letter by the circumstance of the teacher's
I shall send you the account to which and patron's influence extending be
I have alluded , and some facts regard- yond the walls of the school-room .
ing the progress ofcotton manufactures With regard to the religious and moral
inAmerica . H. culture of the mind, there can be no
question but that, under such circum
ON THE EDUCATION OF THE CHILDREN
stances, the juvenile population of the
OF THE POOR.
country standson much better ground
than that of alarge town. There the
MR EDITOR , bond of neighbourhood, the attach
The writer of anarticle in the last ments of locality, are wanting between
No. of the Edinburgh Review , “ On the teachers and the taught. They
the Causes and Cure of Pauperism ," separate after thebusiness of the day
has, in a very bold and masterly strain is over, and in all probability know
of argument, pressed upon our notice nothing more of one another till they
the remedies which aremost likely to meet again in the same room . The
prove ultimately effectual in the cure, very names of the individuals forming
or at least the alleviation,of this great the body are mostly unknown, and
disease of the nation . We are much over whatever passesbeyond the walls
obliged to him for so doing. We con- of the school-room , the eye of the
template, with feelings of admiration , teacher does not and cannot watch .
the picture which he has drawn of the It is obvious that I do not mean to
beneficial effects resulting in hisown detract from the merit and exertions
country from the diffusion of chari- of those who are connected with such
ties, not wrung, as they arehere, from schools. On the contrary, it is easy
the people by the compulsatory in- to see, that in proportion to the mag
fluence of law , but prompted by the . nitude of the evil to be encountered,
stronger impulse of religious duty. and the difficulty of encountering it,
And while we could wish that such is the honour of having so done. All
too were our circumstances, we thank I wish is, to see others sensible of their
him for putting us in mind of the superior advantages with regard to the
means which we certainly possess for performance of a great duty, and not
raising the minds ofour poor from that slumbering over a comparatively easy
lamentable state of degradation, that task . I do not speak from enthusiasm ,
shamelessness of dependence, which but from what I see and know, when
are such striking features in the moral I maintain, that the wealthy in every
constitution of the people at this time. parish have in their own hands, and
It is so obvious, that the want of em- are in a large degree accountable for,
ployment, the want of comfort, the the character of their population. In
want of almost every thing which a country village every face is known,
raises, man « above the brutes that every beingis in some degree depende
perish ," must have a tendency to de- ent on another, and there the faults,
grade and vitiate the mind ,—that it the misfortunes, and the good deeds,
perfectly astonishing to me, that men of every individual, are sure to be
are not more eager to rescue the juve- known. On what vantage ground then
nile part of the population from the do we stand, when we take the sons
contagion of bad habits. We have and daughters of our poor under our
talked and argued about Lancaster own care, and are enabled , by our in
and Bell for the last six years, and fluence, to correct, restrain , and res
1817. ) On the Education of the Poor . 475

form , those habits which we thus as much good as might be desired .

have it in our power to watch over, The children are very early removed, at
as theyare displayed in the transac- least as soon as it is possible for them
tions of every day ? We have as yet to earn something by agricultural em
heard little, but of the vices engen- ployments. The chief object, there
dered by the present lamentable state fore, is necessarily the education of
of distress. Are we so blind, are we girls, and of boys who are considered
so senseless, as not to see, that the too young for such employments. I
descendants of those whom we now would not advocate the cause of coun
reckon among the most worthless of try CHARITY schools, in the strictest
our community , must come in for a sense of the term . The object should
double portion of their guilt and their be to furnish good instruction at the
opprobrium , unless we take somepains least possible expense, not to do it gra
in training them to better things ? tuitously ; and it is a fact, that in
Many of the idle and vicious now , every case which has come under my
have not perhaps always been such. observation, a greater readiness has
But those whoseearliest days are passed been expressed by the parents to send
in idleness, and surrounded by every their children where they have con
thing that is degrading, we cannot tributed something towards the de
reasonably expect will, of themselves, frayment of the school expenses, than
become respectable characters. The when they have done it without pay
evil is a moral one,-it must be en- ment. Of this I could give several
countered by religious and moral means. striking instances ; and it is worth
We will not believe, that those beings while urging the point upon the con
whom we are endeavouring to save sideration of those who would be start
from vice, and in whose minds we are led at the proposal of plans involving
implanting, not the elements of know- expense. I am warranted in saying,
ledge only, but the desire and the that, taking the weekly contribution
means of being respectable, will, of of 40 children at 2d. each, and the
themselves, for the most part, prefer superintendent's salary at £14 per an
dependancy andshame to usefulness num , the average annual expenses of
and honour; and shall we ascribe less such a school will seldom exceed £8,
powerful effects to our religion ? " A provided the school-room be rent- free.
man ,” says the Reviewer, “ in culti- I have not, at the same time, adverted
vated life, would recoil from the act of to the profits arising from the child
falsehood,-not because he has been ren's work (which in some cases, and
rebuked out of this vice by the lessons with good management, are consider
of an authoritative code, but because able) , because these must necessarily
his whole habit, formed as it insensibly be dependant on local circumstances,
is by the circumstances around him , and have not always been worth con
carries along with it a contempt and sideration . It is obvious, that the
disinclination for so odious a trans- ORIGINAL expenses of fitting up and
gression against all right and honour- furnishing school-rooms must also
able principle. And thus it is with vary, according to necessity , and ac
Christianity in reference to pauperism . cording to the pleasure of the man
Out of its code there may be gathered agers. But the average annual ex
materials for raising a barrier against penses, when once established, I repeat,
are small, and did they amount to a
the progress“ ofChristianity
people.' among the
this malady may,” he sum many times larger, it would sure
adds, quoting from a fine writer, ly be for the interest of the individuals
“ elevate the general standard of of every parish in the kingdom to es
morals among a people, even though tablish them ; for, to say nothing of
a very smali proportion of them shall, the happiness thereby conferred ,-to,
in the wholesense and significancy of make no appeal to their just and gen
the term , become Christians. erous feelings, -let us at once appeal
We come now to speak of the means to their sordid principles ; let us ask
by which education may be diffused thein if they can possibly expect their
throughout our towns and villages. burdens to be less, and the demands
In the country, I believe, it will gen- on their stores less frequent, when
erally be found that schools forboys every day is bringing to maturity those
have to struggle with many difficul- weeds of vice which have sprung up
ties, and cannot often be productive of from the productive soil of idleness,
 476 Reply to the Article " Stewarts of Allanton .” [ August
and which must finally choke up that “ Of what importance to the public,—of
land, theproprietor ofwhich has taken what profit to the general reader, are exhi
no pains for their eradication ? Then bitions of pedigree , or specification of titles,
they must indeed grow together till or *proofs of consanguinity ? ” — (page 158.)
Should controversy or competition at
harvest,'-- but what a harvest will that
T.
any time arise (upon such topics), it ought
be !—I am , sir, yours, &c. carefully to be confined to private discussion.
Norfolk . -If these ideas be founded upon justice ,
what evidence of vanity — what mark of
weakness can be figured more indubitable ,
than to obtrude it ( genealogy ) on the
REPLY TO THE ARTICLE ON SITTING world ? ” — (page 157-8.)
BELOW THE SALT, AND THE STEW
ARTS OF ALLANTON ;" VINDICA Again, addressing himself to aper.
TION OF THE ACCURACY OF THE son afterwards to be more particularly
AUTHOR OF THE MEMORIE OF THE
attended to,
SOMERVILLES ; WITH A VERITABLE “ The writer, who imagines that by ge
STATEMENT OF THE ORIGINAL AN- nealogical histories of any name, he is to
CESTRY OF THE FAMILY OF ALLAN- engage the notice of the world at large, will
TON, be speedily undeceived. A distant prospect
ofthe wide gulf of oblivion will soon con
MR EDITOR, vince him that its yawning jaws are never
It is one of the miseries attending shut, but are ready toswallow up all un
anyattempts to illustrate ancient facts profitable labours." --(page159.) 99
* Jam Thebæ juxta et tenebrosa vorago ."
ofScottish history or manners, that Stat. Thebaid . L. vii. v .382 !
such praise-worthy labours havea ten
dency to awaken the vexation of those Owing to their unquestionable in
whose forefathers happenthereby, in- significance, an opinion, too, in which
cidentally, to be exhibited in less flat- the “ learne,' and worthy Baronet” is
tering colours than might have been thus so ready to concur, í at first felt
every way pleasing to the vanity and inclined to permit the lucubrations of
self-love of their descendants. This Candidus to sleep in their unmolested
national foible is less ordinarily asso- oblivion. Perhaps, after all, this might
ciated with those of high as of ob- have been the advisable course-- the
scure descent, while its victims have more expecially as they are founded
an antipathy to every thing degrading upon mere assertion - without a vest
they are sometimes too easily deluded ige of any thing in the shape of au
by every idle fiction, extravagantly thority - no doubt a most easy, though
exalting the rank and importance not very convincing mode ofmanaging
of, not unfrequently, supposititious an argument— and impeaching the ve
ancestry. Though well apprised, by racity of a respectable author.- But I
experience, of this propensity, I lit- have been drawn aside by curiosity, to
tle imagined that in our days it was inquire how far the high pretensions
to betray itself in all its genuine eccen- assumed by this family in a contest,
tricity, or that the seemingly harmless which I believe most people will ima
and delectable article of the “ Salt- gine they have stirred, could be borne
vat, ” by exciting the animosity ofthe out by any thing in the shape of real
family of Allanton, or of their allies,
evidence - whether they themselves
was to elicit the strange performance
might not form a good elucidation of
which their able apologist, with more
the infatuation which, two centuries
zeal than wisdom , so necessarily ob-
ago, had been satirized even by our
trudes upon the public. own countryman, Barclay.*
Has then Candidus, the devoted A better excuse, however, for this
friend of the learned and worthy investigation — the results of which I
Baronet,” the admirer of his talents, am about to state (and in doing so , Į
and more especially of his style, so no doubt draw largely upon the pa
contemptuously slighted
canons of his
those weighty
respected friend ,” in * Of the Scotch , he observes, “ Nulli
culcated in a performance of which, at
no very distant period, he was the au tamen magis memores suæ stirpis quibus
per diversa terrarum quærentibus opes et
thor, facetiously entitled, “ The Ge- ad preconia suæ nobilitatis obstinatis, sæpius
ņealogical History of the Stewarts re- audientium risus, quam lacrymæ et fides
futed ." accessit.” - Satyr. p.324.
 1817.] Reply to the Article “ Stewarts ofAllanton ." 477
tience of your readers), may be assign- of Daldüe, born long before the year
ed to a desire of vindicating the ve- 1300, sixth son of Sir John Stuart of
racity of the authorof the "Memorie Bonkill — which last was lawful brother
of the Somervilles,” — a quality alto- of James, high steward of Scotland ,
gether essential in a historian.For grandfather of Robert II. He obtain
the statement of this writer cannot be ed from his father, who died in the
corrected , in a matter which must have year 1298, in patrimony, the barony
come under his personal knowledge, of Daldowie, upon Clyde, near Glas
without producing any other effect gow - accompanied Sir Allan Stuart of
than a little gratification to the vanity Darnley to Ireland in the year 131.5
of the family of Allanton. The charge was present at the battle of Dundalk
of incorrectness will extend its influ. -and died in the year 1330.
ence to the character of his whole 2. Sir Alan Stuart of Daldüe. He
work, and leave a stain upon his repu- married a daughter of Douglas of
tation, both as gentleman and as an Douglas, and fell at “ the battle of
author. Morningside,” in the year 1385.
Somerville, laird of Drum (and, de 3. Sir Alan Stuart ofDaldüe,Knight
facto, Lord Somerville), who wrote Banneret first of Allanton ,which pro
in the year 1679, has asserted in his perty he obtained from the church in
account of his own family, that Sir reward of his military services in the
Walter Stewart of Allanton , Knight, year 1420. He got the lion passantof
ancestor of the present Sir Henry England,from " commanding” at“ the
Stewart ofAllanton, Bart. who died not battle ofMorningside;" - accompanied
long before the year 1670, was, from Sir John Stuart of Darnley to France
some antiquity , a fewar ( that is to say , in the year 1419 ;-married at Paris a
In remem
he and his progenitors) of the Earl of French lady of distinction.tournament,
Tweddill's in Auchtermuire, whose brance of his exploits at a
predecessors, until this man ( Sir Wal- his representative bears a lance in his
ter ), never came to sit above the salt- escutcheon . He died in the year 1444.
foot when at the Laird of Cambusne- 4. James Stuart of Allanton, which
then's table — which for ordinary every now became the principal title, though
Sabboth they dyned at, as did most of they still possessed Daldüe. A liter
the honest men within the parish of ary character - he compiled memoirs of
any account.” * An assertion which he his family, still extant, alluded to by
also makes when talking of his brother, Candidus under the name of the Stewa
Sir James Stewart of Kirkfield and art MSS . He married a daughter of
Coltness, whom hestyles“ a gentleman Somerville of Cambusnethan, and died
of very mean familie upon Clyde, be- in the year 1489. He had two sisters,
ing brother -german to the goodman of Margaret and Helen, but these both
Allentone ( a fewar of the Earle of diedunmarried.
Tweddill's in Auchtermuire, within 5. James Stuart of Allanton . He
Cambusnethen parish ), whose prede- married Janet, the daughter and heir
cessors, before this man, never came ess of Sir James Taitof Ernock . He
to sitt above the Laird of Cambusne- died in the year 1547, aged 85.
then's salt- foot.” + He had a younger brother, Walter,
On the other hand, the Allantons who died without issue ; also two sisters,
stoutly maintain, that both Sir Wal- Isabella, who died unmarried, and Mac
ter's immediate, and more remote an- rian, who married, but her issue are
cestry, were princely and baronial, not mentioned.
forming “ one of the most ancient 6. James Stuart of Allanton. He
branches of the House of STEWART, married Marion, daughter of Sir James
that had existed as a separate family Lockhart of Lee , and died in the year
for no less than five centuries, directly 1549. He had two brothers, who died
asserting their claim to the following
splendid descent:
# 1. Sir Robert Stewart, first baron gree in the text--most of what he has spea
cifically condescended upon , and the entire
remainder in the text has been directly ac
Memorie of the Somervilles, vol. ü . knowledged by " the learned and worthy
p. 394. Baronet ," in his Genealogical History of
+ Ibid . p. 380. the Stewarts refuted. Vide pages 29, 60 ,
# The descent bestowed upon the family 136, 137 ;-the matriculation of his arins
by Candidus, virtually involves the pedi- in the Lyon Office, and elsewhere.
VOL. I. 3 P
478 Reply to the Article “ Stewarts ofAllanton . ” [ August
without issue, and a sister, whose pro- —the audacity of the attempt by the
geny are not detailed. utter nothingness of the result. He
7. James Stuart of Allanton. He there complains, among other very sin
married Helen , daughter of Somerville gular matter, of the cruel affront; and,
of Humbie. His brothers were, Wal as the convenient Candidus is attempt
ter andWilliam , who died unmarried, ing to do upon the present occasion,
and another, John, who died without formally obtruded upon our acquaint
issue, & c. By his wife, Helen Somer- ance the proud series of his imaginary
ville, he had a son, James, which last ancestry.
predeceasing his father, left issue, Sir In the Supplement to his History,
Walter Stuart of Allanton, the sup- afterwards published, Andrew Stewart
posed calumniated person — and James,incidentally unfolded the clearest evi
afterwards of Kirkfield and Coltness,denceof thenon-existence ofSir Robert
Provost of Edinburgh. Stewart, -though without making any
The point thus turning upon mere additional attack upon the remaining
matter of fact, I shall begin to explore, links,-accompanied with a calm , dig
by examining into the authenticity of nified, and annihilating, refutation of
the more early parts of this imposing the miserable cavils of the learned and
pedigree . worthy Baronet” upon other topics ;
That the heroic Sir John Stewart of a rejoinderthat, down to this day, is
Bonkill, who died in the year 1298, unanswered , and, as far as regards the
had any son of the name of Robert, family of Allanton, is unanswerable.*
rests solely uponthe misconception of This wasindeed, as all the world saw ,
a passage from Hollinshed's Chronicle a most unequal combat. It is to be
of Ireland, by which a Sir Robert regretted that the scene of the contest
Stewart was most awkwardly substi- was so obscure, and the object for which
tuted for a Sir Robert Lacy. they fought so trifling. We there re
Forthe full exposure of thiserror,we cognize the perspicuity and force of
are indebted to the intelligence of the reasoning of the author of the celebrat
acute Andrew Stewart, author of the ed Letters, though in the evening of
well known Letters to Lord Mansfield life, which it has become fashionable
in the Douglas cause, whom some, among some to withhold from their
doubtless, will be surprised to find genuine author, and to attribute to the
quoted upon such an occasion. In the pen of Junius. Perhaps “ the learned
year 1795 , he published his elaborate and worthy Baronet” is alone ignorant
History of the Family, of Stewart. of the signal overthrow he then sus
On this illustrious stem , however, in tained. If, however, he really be a
the total absence of anyauthority, he ware of his disaster, why, encouraged
was so uncourteous as to omit ingraft- by the demise of this formidable anta
ing the stock of Allanton , “ Hincillæ gonist, and the lapse of a few years,
lachrymæ;”—a procedure which call- does he encourage or permit Candidus
ed from the pen of “ the learned and to mock our judgment, by endeavour
worthy Baronet,” a feeble pamphlet, ing to smugglein upon us such stale
under the name of " The Gealogi and refuted trumpery.
Before Symson,+ and those who re
cal History of the Stewarts refuted .” tailed
-The childish futility of the argu the fable, as far as I can discov
ment is only to be equalled by the learning displayed in it, but what might
shallow pedantry of the composition * havebeen equally applicableto any other per
son , or to any other occasion ." (P. 105.)
* “ Inhis refutation of the Genealogical We are here almost reminded of the charac
History of the Stewarts, he has called in to ter hit off by Buchanan in the Franciscan .
his assistance all his old classical friends “ Novi ego, qui tantum ter quinque Latina
from the Grecian and Roman territories. teneret

In the muster roll ofthe foreignauxiliaries, Verba, sed ingenii sic dexteritate valebat
there are Pindar, Aristophanes, Virgil, Ho- Ut quocunqueloco, de re quacunque parata,
race , Sallust, Julius, Capitolinus, Statius, Semper et ad nutum , posita in statione ten
& c. & c .Under such circumstances, he eret,
can be no other than a great and accom- Tæūr' elgrausschusvos."
plished scholar.” ( Andrew Stewart's Supp. * I am now able to determine the point
p. 99. ) about which Lord Galloway and Andrew
But the same author also remarks, Stewart contended .
“ There is hardly any part of the splenetic + This Symson published a History of
performance in question, and of the classical the House of Stewart in theyear 1712.
1817.] Reply to the Article “ Stewarts of Allanton .” 479

er, no one had, in the most distant scions of a less generous but more ex
manner, alluded to this visionary Bon- uberant producewere ingrafted on the
kill descent : nay , it is expressly con- ancient stem ; and the cunning culti
tradicted by the tradition of the family vator looked forward, with wistful ex
themselves, which, a century ago , sur- pectant eyes, on the produce ofa golden
mised that *they were sprung from harvest.
Castlemilk ; an origin which, for _" Nec longum tempus et ingens,
reasons probably known to themselves, Exiit in cælum ramis fecilibus arbos
they have in modern times been at Miraturque novos frondes et non SUA
pains to disown. In no record, chron POMA . ”
icle, or document, foreign or domestic, But it rather, vexatiously, here again
nor can this be contradicted - are
happens,mention
there the slightest traces of this pre- isthere these personages
that in noofgenuine document,
tended Sir Robert Stewart, though
there are abundance of other contem more than of their visionary predeces
porary Stewarts, even of smallnoto- sor, Sir Robert of Daldüe,--- though
riety . But it is extremely obvious, so high and distinguished . It would
that, if proved, the fact of his existence be an idle piece of mockery, indeed,
would not necessarily identify him to challenge their existence. So cir
with a Sir Robert Stewart, “ Baron” of cumstanced, thus so fully disproved,
Daldüe; of whichlast it only remains this ridiculous ancestry isundeserving
to add,'that he is also as airy aphan- of
cismthe slightest
. But observation
its falsity iseven indepen
or critic
tom as ever graced the antediluvian
periods of a Welsh pedigree. dently exposed, by the flagrant ab
In the sequel, too, it will be appa surdities and fictions which it so im
rent, that Daldüe could not, until a pudently proclaims. Four generations
very long period afterwards, have be are only assigned to two centuries.
James Stewart of Allanton aspires to
longed to the Stewarts.
a daughter of Somerville of Cambus
The succeeding links of the pedi- nethen,amost desirable match, which,
gree, down to the James Stewart of if real,would have obviated the pre
Allanton,a who sent discussion. The spectre, Sir Al
married Janetis represented to have
Tait, daughterand lan of Daldüe, actually subdues the
heiress of a knightly personage, styled proudheart of a daughter ofthehouse
Sir James Tait of Ernock, rest exclu of Douglas of Douglas ! His son , Sir
Allan Stewart of Allanton, knight
sively upon the evidence of a family banneret, “ commanded ” at the mighty
manuscript— necessarily a most impar
tial and unexceptionable authority “ battle of Morningside" against " the
of no great antiquity ; for determining English,”
muire !
in the plains of Auchter
which fact, as well as its general vera
city, ample means will be afforded " THE BATTLE OF MORNING,
SIDE ! ” - in campis Gurgustidoniis.'
hereafter, -upon some careless asser
tions of Duncan Stewart, seemingly Ubi Bombomachides Cluninstaridysarchides
purloined from it,—and, most especially, Erat Imperator
POS !” *
summus NEPTUNI NE
upon a certain “ Historical and Genea
logical Tree of the Royal Family of Pity that such feats of arms, such
Seotland,” loudly panegyrized by the unheard -of strokes of generalship,
learnedand worthy Baronet,"'+ ( which , should only have been confided to
in the year 1792, obtained thesanction Candidus, the “ learnedand worthy
and approbation of the Lyon Office, Baronet,” and MrJohn Brown ! +
and of the Earl of Buchan ,] compiled But “ the Banneret” being started ,
by a Mr John Brown, hawker of ped- it would be inhuman to withhold his
igrees, and genealogist to hisRoyal Apotheosis, pronounced by the “ learn
Highness the Prince of Wales . By this ed and worthy Baronet himself,” over
experienced gardener, the old stock an obscure spring at Morningside,
was pruned of its withering branches ; thereby also immortalized , - thus ven

* Dunc. Stewart's Hist. of the Fam . of * Vid. The Boasting Knight of Plautus.
Stewart, p . 199. -Act I. Scene I.
+ Gen. Hist. of the Stewarts refuted, + Duncan Stewart was so far wise as to
p. 137 . omit all mention of it.
480 Reply to the Article “ Stewarts of Allanton." [ August
turously attempted to be transfused art, as usual, of Allanton , though not
into our nativelanguage .* a knight - and this is surprising
THIS . SACRED FOUNTAIN .
. who is married to a Janet Tait,-- the
IS . DEDICATED TO THE MEMORY . alleged daughter, however, of one ,
OF . SIR . ALLAN . STEUART . OF . AL- who died in the year 1547 : and I on
LANTON . AND . DALDUE . my part subjoin the following docu
KNIGHT . BANNERET . ment, the Latin portion of which I
THAT . EXALTED . HEROE . FLOWER . have translated in the text, inserting
OF CHIVALRY . the original in the note. *
HE . WHO , BY . THE RENOWNED . “The Inventory of all the goods of
BATTLE . the late Allan Stewart, taken down , at
OF . MORNING SIDE . Allanetoune, from his mouth, † on
HAS . RENDERED . HIS NAME . his departure, the xijth day of the
ILLUSTRIOUS . TO . POSTERITY . month of July, in the year of our
+ + Lord jmv xlvij,in presence of these
HAPPY . IN . DISCHARGING . A . PIOUS . witnesses, William Wallace, Alexan
OBLIGATION ,
HENRY STEWART . Inventarium Omnium Boncrum , quon
THE . ELEVENTH . IN . THE ORDER . dam Allani Stewart factum apud Allane
OF . SUCCESSION . t toune per os decedentis xij die mensis Juli
FROM . THAT . MOST . VALOROUS . anno Domini juvexlvij coram his testibus
GENERAL . Willielmo Wallace, Alexandro Robesoune,
IN . THE YEAR . MDCCCXIII. Domino Johanne Lyndesai, meo curato di
versisque aliis.
CAUSED . ERECT . THIS . MONUMENT.
In primis fatetur se habere quinque boves,
Item duas vaccas, Item duo animalia etatis
I may here state, that as little else- duorum annorum , Item unam lye quy eta
where, in any shape, has thefaintest tis unius anni, Item unum ly stot'etatisunius
notice been yet adduced of the fam- anni, Item unum taurum ly bull etatis
ily of Allanton, previous to the six . trium annorum , Item unum lie stot etatis
teenth century . duorum annorum , Item quatuor ly moder
lesse calvis, Item xxxvij oues senes, Item
Hitherto, then, we have vainly at . xxij liehoggis, Item in utensilibus et domi
tempted to penetrate through thethick ciliisxl , Item in avenis seminatisxl b. I.
tem in Ordeo seminato iüi b.
vail of obscurity, under which they Debita que sibi debentur :
are so effectually concealed . But I Imprimis Allanus Lockhart de lie et
am now to present some original in- Alexander Lockhart in Wicketschaw ix®
formation — for which they are solely mercas monete.
Debita que debentur alüs :
indebted to me - of this humble race ,
who have thus, in the shade, pursued Imprimis Domino pro firma terra duas
the “ noiseless tenor" of their career. marcas vüjd, Item Andree Cadder xxd març
The next link , still exclusively cas, Item Gavino Stewart lxxx mercaset
resting upon the authority of Mr John iii marcas, vulgariter, to rentall him , at my
LordDaldoweWester,
of Glasgui's hand, of sfyve
Brownand the immaculate manuscript, of et xxj . landmerk land
in Mos
introduces to our notice a James Stew- platt :Item Joanni Steill xij6 : ~ Item John
Scot xx s :-Item Jonete Spier x peccas Or
* The original is as follows : dei :-Item Thome Russel xl s : Item
“ 6 D. M .. Willielmo Wallace x si-Item Alexº Roger
Allani , Stevart . de . Allanton . vi s : Item Thome Smyth üii s.
Et .de . Daldue • equitis . Banneretti . Cum nichil sit certius morte, nes hora
Viri'. egregii . Armis . acerrimi. ejus incertius, hinc est, quod, ego Allanus
Ejusdem . qui , insigni · pugna Stewart, sanus mente et corpore, condo tes
Apud . Morningside . clarus : factus . timentum meum in hunc modum sequen
Fons Sacer . tem : In primis nempe do et lego animam
+ + + meam Deo Omnipotenti, Beate Marie Vir
V. S.L. A. faciund.C. An. MDCCCXIII.H.S. gini, et omnibus sanctis celestis curie, cor
XI . Gradus . distans. hic . a . duce . illo . pusque meum terre , quator d. fabrice Sancti
fortissimo.” Kentigerni executores meos constituo Eliza
+ From this we may form some idea of bet Tait meam sponsam et Jacobum Doug .
thejustness of the remark of Candidus, that las in Todhallis ut ipsi disponant pro salute
bis " respected friend ” is much more able, anime mee sicuti responderevoluerint coram
had he chosen to have undertaken the task Summo Judice in die judicii : Similiter do
of “ vin-ticating his family honours. ” et lego mee sponse ut sequitur in vulgari,
Some ordinary contrivance - urn , ves- [ Then follows as in the text.]
$ el, & c. & c. for receiving the water. + “ Est pauperis numerare greges. "
 Reply to the Article “ Stewarts of Allanton .” 481
1817.)
der Robesoune, Master John Lyndisai, willing, to pass wytmy Lord Gover
my parish minister, and sundry others. noure and my Lord Zester to ye bor .
" In the first place, he acknowledges doure, to ye defence of ye Realme :
that he possesses five oxen -- two cows Item , I leyf to my wife All my Sted .
-two animals, of the age of two years dingis yat I haif of my Lord Zester in
one “ lye* quy,” of the age of one Auhtarmuire, during hir lyftyme,
year- one “ lye stot, ” of the age of wy! all my gudis, movable and' im
one year - one““ ly bull,” of the ageof movable, and to use it to the proffeit
three years one " ly stot,” oftheage and utilite of hirself and effame
of two years — four “ ly moderlesse Stewart, my dochter , and eufame to
calvis” -xxxvij old sheep - xxij “ lie abide at ye command and counsall of
hoggis” + - utensils and household fure hir moder ; and I Ordain hir to use
niture to the amount of xls- in oats hir at the comand and plessoure of
sown upon the ground, to theamount hir moder, in all maner of sortis :
of xl bolls - in barley sown , iii bols. Item , I Ordane Gawane Stewart, my
“ Debts which are owing to him : sone, to geyf effame my dochter xx *
In the first place ,Allan Lockhartof for geire yat I loupt to him in Edin
Lie, and Alexander Lockhart in Wick- burcht,tand ane gray horse, scho bud
itschaw , ixxx merks of money. and at ye consall and comand of
“ Debts which are owing by him to hirmoder and her broyer ; and as to
others : ye lard of leyse payment, ye contrakkis
In thefirst place, to the Laird for the beris in yaim self I tak one my saule,
rent of the land, two marks, viiid: Al- I gat nevir na payment of him , excepte
so , to Andrew Cadder, xxi marks: jc merkis of money."
Also, to Gawin Stewart, lxxx marks [ Confirmed 220June 1548.]
et iii marks, in order, as it is termed Instead then of blazing at tourna
in our native language, to rentall him , ments, and of " commanding ” armies,
at my Lord of Glasgui's hand, of fyve this humble race have only been soli
mark land of Daildowie Wester , and citous to gain a decent livelihood by
xxjs land in Mosplatt : Also, to John raising a moderate crop of oats and
Steill, xijs: Also, to John Scott, xxs: barley ;-instead of entering into so
Also, to Janet Speir, x pecks of bar- lemn political negotiations with neigh
ley : Also , to Thomas Russel, xls: bouring barons, we find their repre
Also, to William Wallace, x * : Also, sentative implementing a bargain with
to Alex! Roger, vis : Also, to Thomas a village matron for the sale of a few
Smyth , üis. ( Including a few more pecks of his grain ;-instead of richly
insignificant payments to other ob- caparisoned steeds and palfreys, he has
scure people.) nothing in the shape of such an ani
“ Seeing that there is nothing more mal ;# - baronial castles are transform
certain than u ^ th, and nothing more ed into steadings ; circumambient
uncertain than the hour, Therefore I, moats into preliminary dunghills ; the
Allan Stewart, entire in body and daughter of the house, whom we might
mind, make my testament as follows: have fancied noble, and peerless, with a
In the first place, I leavemy soulto splendid retinue of obsequious knights,
the Almighty, and to the Blessed Vir- and damsels arrayed in magnificent ap
gin, and to all the Saints of Christ's parel, into possibly some such ordinary
Church in heaven ; and my body to garlic-eating wench, though probably
the earth , with four pennies to the not so dainty in her diet, as crazed the
Cathedral of Saint Mungo : I nomi- intellects of the knight of La Mancha ;
nate my executors, Elizabeth Tait, my for whom the damage of certain re
spouse , and James Douglas in Tod- jected clothing and accoutrements,
hallis, to dispone for the good of my transferred by her father to her bro
soul, as they will answer for their con
duct to the great Judge at the last day. Either twenty pounds, marks, shillings,
I moreover bequeath to my spouse , orshred
pence
of the is impossible
, it paper in the original ,a
whichtorn
to tellbeing
as follows in the vulgar :
“ I Allane Stewart, intendis, God away .
† Yat I loupt to him in Edinburcht.
“ To Loup — to change masters -- to pass
The French “ le,” usually prefixed to from one possessor to another ;Jamieson
applied. to
all Scotch terms introduced into our Latin property ."
documents . Not Allan certainly - it is even doubto
† Young sheep. ful if his so3 Gawin then possessed one,
482 Reply to the Article “ Stewarts of Allanton .” [ August
ther Gawin , about to commence his ta supellex ” of the inferior orders of
bucolical career, was an ample dower ; the community of Scotland in the
not to forget the generousdonation of sixteenth century, would nevertheless
the gray steed ,—the lordly possessor strike us as luxurious and profuse.
of hereditary trophies of ancient val- And yet the age was lavish in
our, armour, pennons, and ensanguin- furniture, and apparel, or « abulsi
ed banners, won by the illustrious Al- ments” and moveables of all descrip
lantons of departed memory, at the tions, to a degree that by a modern
battles of Dundalk , Morningside , and person could scarcely be credited, as
elsewhere, dwindles down into the might easily be proved by the ad
humble owner of a scanty farm , some duction of many contemporary inven
tories — a mania which descended even
stots, and of four motherless calves !
The rank and condition of the fam-to the lowest vulgar.
ily is easily gathered from the testa- That Allan was a farmer, or rental
ment without any commentary . It ler, and not even a petty fewar, is evi
may be only observed, that the entire dent from his allusion to the proper
household plenishing and furniture, ty which in any shape he retained ;
the boards upon which they reposed to the “ steddingis* yat( he) haid of
their hardy limbs, after, in many my Lord Zester in Auchtermuire ;" —
cases, but a hopeless wrestling with a and to the lands of wester Daldüe, be
stubborn and ungrateful soil, where longing to the Bishop of Glasgow , in
some of the common fruits of the which Gawin is to be rentalled, and
earth never arrive at maturity , -- the NOT INFEFT :t The former, the an
platters, trenchers, and salt-vats, &c. cient estate of Allanton, which, ac
affording but slender means of appeas- cording to Candidus, was bestowed in
ing the cravings of an appetite not a full property, by the Church , upon
little exasperated by the vicinage of their immediate vassal, Sir Allan
the keen air of the Shotts,-clothes, Stewart of Daldüe ['whose father was
vessels, &c. &c. every thing within the “ second cousin to Robert the Second ,'' ]
walls of the steading amounted to the in the year 1420, in reward of his mi
mighty value of forty shillings, at that litary services ! The other, upon the
time the price of the common military same posse
authority, that still more vener
60
implement, a cross-bow ; as also, of a able ssion, or barony,” as it is
friar's cloak , and of thehomely utensil, called , “ upon the Clyde” near Glas
a mortar and pestle, adapted for an or- gow, that Sir Robert Stewart, the pro
dinary family.* genitor “ certainly ” of one of the most
Contrasted with what these must ancient branches of the house of Stew
have been , the goods and chattels in art,” had obtained " in patrimony".
communion, in the well-known ballad from his father, Sir John Stewart of
of “ The Vowing of Jock and Jynny, ”
written at least a very few years after * “ Steddyng.” A farm - house and of.
the death of Allan , if not before it, fices. Thefarms were small, and the mi
that were to crown the approaching serable steadings (the old phrase for a farm
nuptial felicity of that rustic pair, house and offices) denoted the poverty of
which Lord Hailes has pronounced lu- the tenants. “ (P. Alloa Clackmann, Stat.
dicrous and wretched,-and which he Acc. viii. 603.)” - I am exilit fra my takkis
quotes as a good example of the “ cur and fra my steddingis. “ Compl. S. p .
191." Jamieson .
* “ Item unum le corsbow , price xls ; + The term “ rental” is abundantly
Item ane brasing mortar cum le pestell, priceknown. Farmers, in these days, were for
xls » Original confirmed testament of the the most part stationary upon the grounds
Vicar of Govan, in the year 1552 ; where of their landlord , and hence sometimes came
are also noticed, “ ane tangis and yrne to be styled native rentallers.
scwill, price xo ; three beif tubbis,” price I admit, that as now , it was at this period
xxs expedient, occasionally, even for absolute
These prices are taken from the list of proprietors, to rentall, or take in lease, some
the " gudis and geir” of one “ Johne necessary portion of the territory of their
Gib,” burgess of Edinburgh, who died be- neighbours ; but it is extremely obvious,
fore the year 1570 : “ ane diager, price x$ ; that without a certain quantity of land
ane hat, price xls"; ane auld frer's clak, feudally held, none then could be admitted
price xls ; ane plaid, price xls ; ane irne 'into the ranks of gentry, orpossess the
chimnay,price vli; ane pair of black hoise, smallest politicalconsideration in the coun
price iii!”Edinburgh Commissary Records, try. The speculations of Candidus upon
7th April 1571. the term fewar are now utterly irrelevant,
1817.] Amber imbedded in Limestone. 483

Bonkill, killed at Falkirk in the year but I peremptorily defy any one to
1298, to whom it is thus alleged origi- prove his existence. They have total
nally to have belonged, and not to the ly suppressed Gawin and Euphan, but
See of Glasgow , who, notwithstanding, dropt their own offspring intotheir
were the ancient proprietors. nests ; but these exotics, not agreeing
The family of Yester, or Tweeddale, with the change of climate ,are all suf
held all Auchtermuir Blench of the fered piteously to dieaway ; an expe
opulent religious house of Arbroath , * dient indispensible, in order to give
upon which , previous to the reign of the thing a naturalappearance, it be
David II., the high privileges of a re- ing rather an odd race that was in the
gality had been conferred.t Agree- habit of producing only one member
ably to the usage that prevailed in at a time. When theseauthoritiesare
such great jurisdictions, the Abbot of so accurate in modern points, they
Arbroath would , in the event of the must assuredly be much more so in
general raising of the militia of the those of greater antiquity, and hence,
country to repel such an invasion as upon their bare allegation , and in the
that of the Earl of Hertford , in the absenceof any other evidence, we must
year 1947, evidently alluded to by believe in the prodigies ofDundalkand
Allan in his testament, have the lead- Morningside, and all that has been as
ing of the men of Auchtermuir, who serted of this unparalleled family.
would necessarily rally under his cle- The eventual fate of Gawin and Eu
rical banner. By various notices, how- phan I have not been able to unravel ;
ever, in the Chartulary of Arbroath, these arethe onlyfaint glimmerings Í
it appears that the Abbots were in have detected respecting them .-- I have
the habit ofdelegating to their vassal, now trespassed sufficiently,for the pre
Lord Yester, the duty of discharging sent, upon the attention of your read
many of their civil rights, such as the ers — if their patience be notaltogether
office of justiciary,within the limits exhausted, perhaps theresidue of the
of Auchtermuir. Hence, they would Historie" may be forthcoming in the
not fail also to invest him with those course of your next Number. J. R.
of a military nature ; and, accordingly , 111, George Street,
Allan Stewart, along with other pea- 9th August 1817.
santry of the muir, is to accompany P.S. - I see it is inaccurately stated,
Lord Yester, acting for the Abbot, to that “ the learned and worthy Baron
the border. I et” bears in his arms a spear, in com
MrJohnBrown, and that precious memora tion of a tournament in which
family manuscr ipt, have so utterly me
tamorphosed those early members of theHero of the day ofMorningside is
thefamilyof Allanton,thatitmight supposed to haveshared. Thefact is,
have defied their own acquaintance to that,onthe 21st of December 1815,
sed them ,—not toents,for
advert the present Lyon Depute — who exer
to therecogni
have moreobviousdisguisem cises even royal prerogatives - confer
Tait red upon him , and certain heirs in re
whom this personage, Sir James
of Ernock, stands proxy, I know not, mainder, by “ Patent," a new honour
able augmentation , a broken spear,
The Tweeddale family were seated surmounted by a helmet, as a further
there as far back as the year 1432. Charty. mark of his (Sir Allan's) gallantry in
of Arbroath , Ad. Liby. fol. 39 b. that engagement ;" - as also the motto,
+ Ib. fol. 38. “ Virtutis in bello præmium .”
e “ Universis pateat per presentes nos
David permissione divina Abbatem monas
terii Sancti Thome Martiris de Abberbro
thock et ejusdem loci conventus -fecisse AMBER IMBEDDED IN LIMESTONE .
constituisse et ordinasse - Nobilem et poten
tem Dominum Johannem Dominum Hay Edinburgh, July 29, 1817.
de Zester, Johannem Ogilvy de Fingask, ” MR EDITOR ,
&c.—" et eorum quemlibet conjunctim et Having observed in the last Num
divisim nostros ballivos commissarios came- ber of your Magazine, that Count.
rarios justiciurios infra regalitatem nostram
Dunin Borkowsky
de Abberbrothock et Ethcarmore." 15.Ap having had announced
dişeoveredamber imbedded his
in
There had also been previously asimilar sandstone, I think it may not be un
commissionto John LordZester, dated 14. interesting to state an analogous ob
August 1488. Ib. fol. 124. servation which was made about the
 484 Nugæ Literariæ . [ August
end of the year 1813, on the sea- shore, Epitaph.
in the immediate neighbourhood of 1
Santander, in the province of Santan Tu qui passez , ové * bouche close
der, in the north of Spain . Parla ou ce corps repose,
The mountains which bound and Ententt ce qe te dirai,
traverse the whole of the northern pro- Sycome te dire le say.
vinces of Spain , appear to be a con Tiel : come tu es, au tiel fu ,
Tu seras tiel come je su .
tinuation of the Pyrennean range- and 2
the regular succession of the primitive De la mort ne pensai- jemye ,s
and newer rocks, is very beautifully Tant come j'avois la vie :
illustrated in travelling from east to En trell avoi grand richesse ;
west, especially in the picturesque val- Dont je y fis grand noblesse,
lies of Biscay ; in the course ofwhich , Terre, mesons, grand tresor,
the most magnificent sections are pro- Draps, chévaux , argent, or .
duced by the impetuosity of the win 3
ter torrent. In that portion which Mes ore su jeo poures** et chetiffs
Perfond en la tre gis.
skirts the shores of the province of Ma grand beauté est tout alée :
Santander, the principal rocks are Ma char est tout gastée.
sandstone and limestone, occurring in 4
alternate strata . Coal is found near Moult est estroit ma maison ;
Reynosa, in the higher districts, as En moy na si verité non .
well as at Laredo, on the coast. In Et si on me veisseztt
one of the lowest members of this Je ne guide pas qe vous deissez,**
series, close to the shore, I found a Qe je eusse onques homme este
considerable mass of yellow amber, Si su je ore de tant changée.
5
firmly imbedded in the limestone. Pour Dieu priez au celestien Roy
The union was so perfect, that it was De mercy ait de l'ame de moy .
impossible to separate theamber with Tous ceux qi pour moy prieront,
out shattering it into small fragments. Ou a Dieu m'acorderont
The whole was extracted , and is now Dieu les mette en son Paradis,
in London, with some of the limestone. Ou nul ne poets estre chetiffs.
The fact was mentioned in letters to
two scientific friends in Britain , soon
after it was noticed. M. II. - Spenser.
In Tod's Life of Spenser, in which
there is to be found much valuable in
formation regarding the studies and
NUGÆ LITERARIÆ . pursuits of this great man , and the state
of English literature at that period,
I. - The Black Prince. there is a curious letter of Spenser's
friend, Harvey , in which he recom
mends to the author of the Faery Queen
There is a wonderful simplicity and the study of Petrarch. “ Thinke upon
beauty in the following humble epi
taph on so great a man as the Black Petrarche, and perhappes it will ad
Prince. The author is unknown - but vaunce the wings of your imagination
a degree higher - at least if any thing
it would probably be composed by the can be added to the loftiness of his
best poet of the age, perhaps by Chau conceite, whom gentle Mistress Rosa
cer, who was at this time in the height lind once reported to have all the in
of his reputation , and, from his travels telligences at commandment, and an
in France, must have been well ac
other time christened him Signor Pe
quainted with the French language. gaso .” The gentle Mistress Rosalind,
The verses are introduced by this ina
scription : here mentioned, was a lady to whom
Spenser was early attached .' It shows
Cy gist le noble Prince Monsieur Edward the poetical conversations with which
aisnez fils de tres noble Roy Edward Tiers : he and his mistress must have enter,
Jadis Prince D'Aquitaine et de Gales, Duc
de Cornwaille, et Compte de Cestre ,qi " tained themselves, alluding, as Tod
mourust en la Feste de la Trinite q'estoit le
VIII. jour de juyn, l'an de grace, mil trois Ou . + Entendez . Telle . Jamais.
cens Septante sisine. L'Alme de gi Dieu || Terre. | Maisons. *** Suis-je-pauvre.
eut merci, Amen . tt Si vous m'avez vu . Pense. S $ Peut.
 1817.] Cromlir or Dunblane Mineral Spring, dc. 485
says, “ to the pleasant days that were The following ludicrous title of a
gone and past,” — for the lady deserted collection ofold poems, by GeorgeGas
Signor Pegaso, and married his rival. coigne, has the appearance of being
In July 1580, Spenser was , by the in- too intentionally absurd to be called
fluence of the Earl of Leicester and quaint.
Sir Philip Sydney, appointed secretary “ A hundred sundrie flowers bound up in
to Lord Grey, Lord Lieutenant of Ire- one smallposie, gathered , partly by transla
land. He afterwards received, on his tion, in the fine and outlandish gardens of
return to England, a grant of a con- Euripides, Ovid, Petrarch , Ariosto , and
siderable property in the county of others, and partly by invention, out of our
Cork from Queen Elizabeth . His re own fruitful gardens of England - yielding
sidence, every spot around which is sundrię sweet
and moral savours, both
discourses of tragicall,
pleasantacomicall,
nd pro
classic ground, is described by Smith fitable to the well smelling noses of learned
in his Natural and Civil History of the readers.”
County of Cork. The castle was then
nearly levelwith the ground. It must IV. Stage Directions.
have been a noble situation : a plain It appears fromthe stage directions
almost surrounded by mountains,with in some of our oldest English plays,
a lake in the middle ; and the river that parts of the minor speeches were
Mulla , so often mentioned by Spenser, left to the discretion and invention of
running through hisgrounds. In this the actors themselves. This at least
romantic retreat hewas visited bythe would appear, from the following very
noble and injured Sir Walter Raleigh, ludicrous note in Edward IV. “ Jockey
himself an accomplished scholar and is led whipping over thestage speaking
poet, under whose encouragement he some words, but of small importance.
committed his Faery Queen to the
press.
CROMLIX OR DUNBLANE MINERAL
III. Quaintness of Expression . SPRING , & c .
It is difficult to define precisely MB EDITOR,
what we mean by the common term, WHILE I by no means intend to de
" quaintness of expression .” It im tract from the celebrity of the salubri
plies, I think, great simplicity of ousmineral waters of Pitcaithly, &c.
thought and language - with a certain yet I cannot refrain from makingyour
dryness , which is humorous, from readers acquainted with a mineral
the perfect gravity and good faith in spring which has lately come into no
which the thought is given, and the tice in the estate of Cromlix, the pro
absence of all intention to excite ludi- perty of the Earl of Kinnoul. Cromlir
.crous ideas. It is, in some respect, lies about one mile and a half north
synonymous to the French naïvé. I from Dunblane, and about seven miles
should say , for instance, that the fole in thesame direction from the town of
lowing sentence regarding poetical Stirling. Indeed there are two springs;
physicians was quaint. and Dr Murray of Edinburgh, the
“ Such physicians as I have marked to celebrated chemist, in an ingenious
be good practitioners, do all piddle some paper communicated to the Royal So
their the art of versifying,and
what incontemplation raisetheir ciety of Edinburgh, has given the fol
very high - and up

verses are not of any rare excellence." lowing analysis of these , and of Pit
EnglishTranslation of Huarte's caithly: In a pint of the water of
Examen de Ingenio. Cromlix north spring. South spring.
In the Poem of Psyche, or Love's Muria 22.5
te of Soda,m ... 24 grs......
Muriate of lime, m a 18 marami 16
Mystery, by Dr J. Beaumont, we have Sulphate of lime,naco . 3.5 maman .. 2.3
anexample of quaintnessofpoetical ex Carbonate of lime, com 0.5 sonoranen 0.3
pression , in thedescription which Aph- Oxide of iron, 0.17 0.15
rodisius gives of the court paid to him ,
and the pretty messages sent him by 46.17 41.25
the ladies. Of Pitcaithly .
“ How many a pretty embassy have I Muriate of soda,.... 13.4 grains.
Receiv'd from them, which put me to my wit Muriate of lime,...... 19.5
How not to understand — but by - and -by Sulphate of lime, wa 0.9
Some comment would come smiling after it, Carbonate of lime, 0.5
But I had other thoughts to fill my head ,
Books call'd me up and books putme to bed," 34.3
you. I, 3Q
486 Cromlix or Dunblane Mineral Spring , & c. [ August
Thus the comparative strength of If he proceeds farther east, he has
these waters are ascertained . the view of Lochleven , and of the cas
Cromlix possesses many advantages tle where the unfortunate Mary Queen
for the convenience and amusement of of Scots was confined .
those who may resort to reap benefit I think, Mr Editor, we have made
from its mineral waters. The town of a very pretty trip. Allow me to con
Dunblane ( formerly a Bishop's See,) duct you back to the Caldron Lin, and
where visitors can be comfortably ac- to request of you to record in your
commodated with lodgings, is in its Magazine one of the most providential
immediate vicinity. Throughit daily escapes from immediate death that has
passes a coach to and from Glasgow happened in the memory of man.
and Perth , and it has daily post. The detail is strictly true is known
The soil is gravelly, and therefore after to hundreds--but others who mayview
a fall of rain no way inconvenient to these terrific falls will scarcely credit
pedestrians. The river Allan affords it in after times.
sport to the angler, -- and the surround- In the month of September 1803,
ing country abounds with game. J H- , Esq. ( for he has inter
If the visitor finds it convenient to dicted me from giving his name) con
intermit his libations at the spring, he ducted his friend, the late David Sib,
may amuse himself with examining bald , Esq .of Abden, W.S. to view the
some most interesting remains of a Ro- grand scenery upon this part of the
man camp at Ardoch, within two or Devon. The schoolmaster of the parish
three miles. If he bends his courseto of Muckart, Mr Black , accompanied
the west, he is within five miles of the them . A short way above the first
remarkable improvements on Blair- caldron are stepping stones across
Drummond Moss, andof theingenious the river. By these Mr H., perhaps
wheel constructed by Lord Kames for too adventurously, attempted to pass.
raising water to clear away that moss. One heel getting entangled with the
Proceeding still farther in the same other, by his spurs locking, he was
direction , he views the stately ruins of precipitated into the river, and by the
Doune Castle ; and a few miles farther current carried headlong down into
on, beyond Callander, he is enraptured the first caldron,a fall of atleast thirty
with the beautiful scenery of Loch feet. Fortunately for him , an over
Catrine, of which the immortal Scott flowing of the river had recently
hassung. Hemay cross Monteith,and brought down a considerable quantity
will soon reach the banks of Lochlo- of sand and gravel, which, by the ac
mond, or, from the top of the lofty Ben , tion of the water, had been heaped up
view at once both sides of our island. on the south side of the cylindrical
Again, if he proceeds to Stirling, he cavity. After having been tossed about
can, from its ancient castle , survey a for some time in this horrible vortex,
finer and more extensive landscape Providence stretched forth his hand
than painter ever delineated or fancy and placed him upon this heap, where
ever pictured. If from thence he pro- he found himself standing in water up
ceeds to Carron works, he will reap to the breast, just beyondthe reach of
much gratification from contemplating the immense foaming torrent. With
the largest iron manufactory in Eu- a canopy of rock over his head , sur ,
rope, mounted by a precipitous bank cover
If from Dunblane he makes an ex- ed with wood , in all a height of fifty
cursion by the south of the Ochil feet from where he stood, did he re
Hills, he reaches the romantic scenery main for the space of forty minutes,
of Castle Campbell. A little farther He has told me, awful ashis situation
on , he arrives at the fulls of the River was, that hope never forsook him .
Devon, the Caldron Lin, the Rumbling His agonized friend and attendant,
Bridge, and the Devil's Mill, all who had been looking for his lifeless
minutely described by Pennant and by body in the dreadful abysses below in
every Scottish tourist. And here í vain, again returned, and at length
may remark, that if the Carron Cer- discovered him . Ropes were speedily
berus has hounded him from his por , procured from a neighbouring farm
tals, he will have a welcome reception house. By this time the gravel on
at the Devon iron foundry, which is which he stood had so muchreceded
carried on on the estate of Lord Mans that the water was up to his chin,
field near Alva The ropes were lowered , but fell short
 1817.) Sketches of Foreign Scenery and Manners. 487
of his reach , - an addition was pro- SKETCHES OF FOREIGN SCENERY AND
cured , but, from the situation in which MANNERS .

he stood, it was necessary to give the No III.

rope a pendulous motion. He ea
gerly snatched the end with a death Leyden .
grasp, and immediately swung by it. LEYDEN is a delightful city, and in
Those above, by the sudden jerk, were appearance the healthiest town I have
nearly precipitated into the gulph. Yet, seen in Holland. The broad street ( I
alas ! he had still another difficulty to have already forgotten the Dutch
encounter, fornear the brow ofthe name , though I have given the Eng
precipice the elbow of a cruel seedling lish signification ) in which I took up
ash interposed itself between his arms my residence, is the principalone, and,
and head. Self-preservation, however, if straight, would be very fine ; it is
gave nerve to this last effort, and let pretty broad , of great length, and re
ting go one hand, he extricated him- markably clean. In it is situated the
self, and was safely landed on the pre- Stadhouse ( Town -house ), a strange
cipitous bank. building, which seems to combine se
Let the traveller, Mr Editor, view veral orders of architecture, without
the Caldron Lin , and believe my detail exemplifying any ; a circumstance
if he can. I will forgive him for being which is pretty common in most parts
sceptic. I am , it is true, anonymous of the world . I went through this
to all but to yourself, but he will find house with the hope of seeing some
the testimony , not only of the worthy good pictures, but in this I was dis
dominie of Muckart, but of all the appointed. There are, however, a
country around, to corroborate it. few paintings worthy of inspection .
I shall not attempt,in any language The portraits, by Jan Schouten, of
of mine, to describe those terrific cal- the Captains and other Officers who
drons, but shall finish with an excerpt served in the train -bands during the
from a poem of the late George Wal- famous siege of Leyden , are good ;
lace, Esq. advocate, descriptive of these also, some parts of the Execution of
linns. * the Sons ofBrutus, by Carl de Mocr.
* For see , the river breaks its bands, There are some fine expressions of the
And rapid darts its rocky bed along dreadful misery of a besieged city, and
A narrow streain , and wreathed andthrough of the horrors of famine, in the relief
the gate of Leyden , by Hendrie Van Veen.
In dreadful fury, boisterous bursts its way The Crucifixion, and Taking from the
Resistless, terrible he thunders down
Precipitous, and swelled , a second height, Cross, by C. V. Engelbrecht, is pal
the first. try, stiff,and unnatural ; and the Last
Abrupter,
Two slendertrees wi'dthan
higher,
broader, grew Judgment, by Lucas Van Leyden,is
abovethelinn,
Theirrootshalffix'd in earth and half in vulgar in the extreme. I remember,
air ; before leaving Germany, of having
My doubtful stand I took between their been informed, that a celebrated paint
trunks. ing of the Judgment, by Huygens,
-My filesh was preserved here; but I suppose it
Grew cold I feel it yet : the torrent pours ! was seized by the rapacity of the
I hear it roar ! Its wrathful shrieks ! and French, who have probably forgotten
In rage dash
its foaming waters 'gainst the rocks ! ” to return it ; at least, I could learn no
thingconcerning it in Leyden .
But to return , Mr Editor, to my This is one of the most classical of
outset, I would seriously advise you, modern cities, and truly interesting,
after you have got your July, or per- from the number of great men who
haps August, impression of your Mag- have been born or educated within its
azine thrown off, to visit the Cromlix walls. Its university is the most an
spring ; and as an inducement, I may cient in Holland, and famous, as well
tell you, as you are a man of books, for themany illustrious characterswho
there is a most valuable library at at different periods have filled its chairs
Dunblane, which was originally found with so much honour and ability, as
ed by Bishop Leighton , access to from the peculiar circumstances under
which you and others can have. I am which it originated . The Prince of
yours, STRILA . ; Orange beingduly impressed with the
unequalled gallantry displayed by the
Prospects from Hills in Fife. inhabitants during the great siege by
488 Sketches of Foreign Scenery and Manners. [ August
the Spaniards in 1574, and desirous of renown of its ancient name may again
manifesting his gratitude for the im- attract the youth of Europe to its clas
portant services which their example sic ground ; and if the professors are
had conferred on the cause of liberty, men of talent and judgment, I know
and as a reward for their individual not any place more fitted for a calm
valour, proposed to the inhabitants of and placid, yet enthusiastic turn of
the town, the choice of their exemp- mind, a state, of all others the most
tion from the payment of certain taxes, favourable to intellectual improve
or the foundation of a university. Not- ment ; and while , at the same time,
withstanding the impoverished state to the shady groves of the suburbs, and
which they must necessarily have been the academic appearance of the streets,
reduced in consequence of such a se- would induce vigour of constitution
vere and long protracted siege, they and cheerfulness of temper , the re
wisely and nobly preferred the latter; membrance of what had been achiev
and thus, in the hour of poverty and ed by others, and that, too, under
affliction, established the rudiments of the most unfavourable circumstances,
an institution, with the fame of which , would animate the mind, and inspire
ere long, “ all Europe rung.”. even the least sanguine, with the hope
In the course of my peregrinations, of one day reaping the good fruits of
I formed an acquaintance with a book- learning and research.
seller of considerable intelligence (rara I went to the library, where I found
avis), whose name I forget. He is lib- my newly -acquired friend true to his
rarian to the university , and curator of appointment. He shewed me many
its valuable Greek and Latin and Orien- old books worthy of attention , and
tal manuscripts, and obligingly offered sundry manuscripts of exceeding beau
me an inspection of every object of ty, great age, and exquisite perfection .'
curiosity under his charge. Having A manuscript copy of the Iliad, write
agreed to meet him at the library, ten on vellum , and richly illuminated ,
which is contained in a building apart deserves inspection ; also, an illumi
from the college, I stept in for amoment nated copy of Virgil on the same ma
to look at the lecture rooms. There I terial. Divers MSS . of Dutchmen
found every thing dark , gloomy, and with long names, of great celebrity, of
forlorn - an air of desertion and “ fad- whom I had never before heard a syl
ed splendour wan ,” pervaded thewhole lable, were shewn me ; and many
interior of the building. The profes- books with the annotations of Scaliger,
sors' chairs are large and heavy, with and a MS. holograph of that author,
huge canopies, like the pulpits in some besides very many others, each worthy
old churches ; and the seats of the of a volume.
sadly diminished students are huddled I must never cease to remember the
together at the foot of them, as if with ingenious and valuable present of the
the intention of keeping alive, by con- late king, Louis Bonaparte, to the col
centration, the few sparks of animation lection of the library . It is the work
and intellectual life which still exist. of a German , and consists of 135 vol
The whole aspect of things presented umes, formed of wood. The binding
a most sad and striking contrast be- of each book is formed of a different
tween the present state and that of the tree ; the back is ornamented with
olden time. Who could have suppos- pieces of the bark , and such mosses,
ed that those still and dreary abodes, lichens, and other parasitical plants, as
where even the glimmeringsof philo- characterise the species. Each volume
sophy were scarcely discernible , were opens, as it were, in the centre of the
atone period the very head and front leaves, and contains the bud, leaves,
of learning, and the resort of many of flower, fruit, farina, and every other
the brightest luminaries in the annals part in any degree illustrative of the
of science ? Where was the light which nature of the tree. It affords a com
here descended on the Swedish Sage ? plete and scientific exemplification of
where the glory of the renowned 135 trees, beginning with the oaks,
Boerhaave ? The ashes of the latter and ending with the juniper ; and, in
were beneath our feet, but his spirit fact, maybe considered as a brief and
seemed fled for ever . perfect epitome of the German groves
I am told the number of students and forests. In the case of plants,
is very limited ; should the olive such as the rose and juniper, the lig
continue to flourish on the earth , the neouş, parts of which are not suffi
1817.) Sketches of Foreign Scenery and Manners. 489
ciently large for the purposes required , earliest and most successful cultivators
the binding is formed of some ordi- of that science, after the revival of
nary wood , sprinkled over with fine learning in Europe. There are also a
moss, and then elegantly barred with number of fine hot-house plants, and
the rose or juniperwood , giving the a good collection of the indigenous
volume the appearance of a valuable plants of Holland , with a beautiful
old manuscript with iron clasps. On specimen of an Indian water lily,
the whole, it is one of the most inge- which seems to bear a striking resem
nious and complete productions I have blance to that which occurs so fre
ever seen .
quently in the canals of thecountry.
My friend the librarianwas, I found, In a room adjoining the hot-houses
one of the chief causes of the most va- there is a cabinet of antiques, in which
luable manuscripts in thecollection the remnants of some ancient statues
not being transferred to Paris. He are well worthy of inspection . Most
was continued in office during the ad- of these are in a very imperfect and
ministration of the French ; and being mutilated state ; and such as have been
naturally inimical to that nation, he repaired by modern artists, mournfully
endeavoured, by every device in his illustrate the decline of the noble art.
power, to elude their rapacity, and to. I never saw an ancient Greek or Ro
prevent the manuscripts from being man statue, to which a head or limb
seen by the Savans who visited Ley- had been added by the ingenuity of
den . the present times, which did not ap
One professor was appointed by pear to be labouring under a severe
Bonaparte, and took up his residence attack, either of rheumatism or gout.
in the city, with the avowed and ex- A worthy gardener , who was the only
press purpose of procuring whatever person with whom I conversed during
was rare or curious, for the adornment this part of my ramble, seemed griev
of the capital of the Great Nation. ously afflicted with the apathy which ,
The keyswere frequently demanded he said, had affected the curators of
from our friend, for the purposes of the collection. He admitted that some
investigation ; and the demand was as of the statues had been much improved,
often eluded by him, under the pre- but could not comprehend why the
tence of their being in the charge of proposal of a French worker in plaster
some professor or other, who was of Paris should have been rejected ,
either confined by sickness, or under who offered not only to repair those
the necessity of residing a few days in which were incomplete, but even to
the country. In this manner the furnish new and entire figures, in the
matter was fortunately delayed, until place of such as might be deemed too
the great and unexpected revolution much decayed to admit of being ef
took place, which rendered such pre- fectually mended.
cautions unnecessary ; and the chief I found a description of this collec
actor in the scheme, who seemeth tion in a bookseller's shop, by Ouden
passionately fond of the black letter, dorp. It was bequeathed to the uni
has happily survived to enjoy the fruits versity in 1745, by Gerard van Papen
of hisresolute and praiseworthy con- broeck.
duct. The shades of night were now ra
I then journeyed unto the gardens pidly descending, and the storks,which
of the university, where I knew there had nestled on the top of an old con
were several things worthy of note, servatory, were clamorous for my de
By this time, however, parture. I therefore bade adieu to
“ Twilight gray my friend the gardener, who civilly
Had in her sober livery all things clad ,” thanked me for my visit, and hoped,
that when I returned I should find
so that I could not indulge in a very matters in rather better order. I of
minute inspection. I saw , however, course heartily joined in his wish , that
enough to interest me. There are the “ relics of almighty Rome” might
many beautiful specimens of rare fo- all be whitewashed before the ensuing
reign trees and shrubs ; particularly a summer .
tree planted by the hands of Boerhaave , Next morning I visited the theatre
and a majestic palm , which existed in of anatomy, where there seems to be
the time of Clusius, the first professor a good collection of subjects of every
of botany at Leyden, and one of the kind, The monstrous fætuses seemed
 490 Sketches ofForeign Scenery and Manners. [ August
particularly abundant, and no doubt town , and produced the utmost havoc
very valuable. I observed a fine ske- and consternation. My servant told
leton of a young Greenland whale, me he heard the noise at Amsterdam ,
and several other skeletons, perfect in two-and -twenty miles off. Many of
their line. Concerning the history of the inhabitants were sitting at dinner,
these, however, I could not gain much and perished among the ruins of their
information, as the whole was exhi- dwellings, with their wives and chil
bited by a woman , who spoke Dutch, dren . Jewish school suffered con
“ et preterea nihil." siderably ; sixteen of thechildren were
I 'then entered the church of St blown up. A charity school near it
Peter, which is a magnificent pile. In was also destroyed, with all its in
Holland nothing will be found to mates. Fifty children at a boarding
astonish and gratify a stranger more schoolnarrowly escaped, by the colli
than the superb nature of all the sion of two walls, which supported the
buildings appropriated to public wor- beams and roof: only two of these
ship . They are generally as fine as were crushed to death , and a third
our cathedrals. The small towns are perished with fright in its father's
not destitute of them , and in the arms. Those whowere saved rushed
large there are many. Here I had not into the court-yard , and the meeting
advanced six yards, before I found there of parents and children is des
myself standing by the tomb which cribed to have been terrible. The
contains the ashes of the famous Boer- windows of my bed -room command a
haave. It is simpleand elegant, and view of this very spot, and of what I
consists merely of a large urn of white at first thought, a fine park, with a
marble, placed upon a jet black pe- canal, and trees, and pleasant walks.
destal. The urn is surrounded by six I did not then know that this was
figures of white marble, four of which where the explosion had taken place,
represent the different stages of life, and that at one period it was themost
and the other two the sciences of populous quarter of the city. By this
Medicine and Chemistry. Below the awfulcatastrophe several streets were
urn is a drapery, likewise of white annihilated, and Professor Meerman ,
marble,with several emblematical de- withmany others, died of fright. Af
vices. There is a head of Boerhaave, ter the explosion, the town was dis
of the same material, in basso relievo, covered to be on fire in different places.
upon the front of the black pedestal ; It must indeed have been a tremen
and below this, at a little distance dous night.
from each other, are the following The environs of Leyden are by no
inscriptions : “Simplex sigillum veri, means devoid of beauty ; and there is
and i Salutifero Boerhavii genio sa- a greater variety in the scenery than is
crum . to be observed in most Dutch land .
Besides this, I observed the tombs of scapes. I circumambulated the town
several other illustrious men, particu- during a calm and delightful evening,
larly that of Camper, the celebrated and enjoyed many picturesque views
anatomist. It consists of a largewhite in the course of mywalk. It is sur
bust, placed upon a black pedestal, rounded by a highwall, and this wall
without ornament or decoration. On is again encompassed by a deep and
it there is neither inscription nor de- broad canal with many windings,
vice, but simply the name, which will which from some points assumes the
never die. appearance of a lake, and from others
In the same church lie the remains of a river . On the other side of this
of Gerard de Meerman , a well-known canal there is a shady walk, broad and
bibliographer. This man died of dry, and bordered with two rows of
fright, in consequence of the explo- magnificent trees, forming one of the
sion which took place here on the most extensive and pleasing prome
12th of January 1807. A French nades I have ever seen. At each quar .
vessel from Amsterdam to Delft, ly- ter this walk is connected with the
ing in the canal Van Rappenberg, in town by an elegant drawbridge, which,
the centre of the city, laden with ten seen from a distance among the trees,
thousand pounds weight ofgunpowder, has a romantic effect. The canal
blew up about five o'clock in the after- abounds in small fish , which attract
noon, killed some hundreds of the in- many water birds, particularly the
habitants, destroyed great part of the terns or sea -swallows. These usually
 1817. ) Sketches ofForeign Scenery and Manners, 491
fly in flocks of three or four pair, pur- certainly clean and spacious, and the
suing the course of the water through surrounding countryis rich and fer
all its windings, at about twenty feet tile , and abounds in country seats .
above it. Almost every second one of At Haarlem I took up my residence
the blythe company descends to the at the Golden Lion (Goude Leeuw ),
surface of the water with the rapidity the name which the house in which I
of an arrow , and with unerring aim , lodged in Leyden likewise bore. My
apon some rash and ill-fated individual stay in the former was too short to
of the finny race, which it bears up in enable me to ascertain its character,
triumph, though frequently pursued but the latter I may recommend to
by its own associates, and sometimes future tourists .
obliged to relinquish the produce of The greater part of my stay in this
itsdexterity to a stronger though less town was spentin listening to the fa
industrious rival. mous organ , the finest in the world .
The country about Leyden seems It is indeed “ the sovereignest thing
exceedingly rich and well cultivated ; on earth ," and seems made up ofthe
and the peculiar cleanliness and com- very soul and essence of musical har .
fort of the farm -houses and cottages mony. The variety of its tones is as
must strike every traveller. There is tonishing ; and its power of imitating
a richness and luxuriance in the vege- all instruments, whether single or
tation, which I have never seen equal- combined, can neither be conceived
led ; and the brigat and dazzling glow by those who have not been in Haar
of the gardens and flower parterres lem , nor described by those who have.
is almost oppressive. In travelling The warlike flourish of the trumpet,
in the treckschuyts early in summer, theclear note of the octave, andthe
with agentle breeze, a person, though mellow tone of the flute, are heard in
deprived of sight, might be sensible beautiful succession, when these ap
of passing thedwellings which adorn pear to swell into a thousand instru
the banks of the canal , from the per- ments, and the senses are nearly over
fumes exhaled by the gardens with powered by the united effect of a most
which these are surrounded . powerful and harmonious military
“ As when to them who sail
band, which again sinks away in those
more gentle
Beyond the Cape of Hope,and now are past which an organ impressive
and alone sounds.
can produce
Mozambic, off at sea north - east winds blow
Sabean odours from the spicy shore The organist, whose name is Schu ,
Of Araby the blest ; with such delay mann, played a very fine battle-piece,
Well pleased, theyslack their course, and in which every imaginable sound of
many a league, joy and sorrow ,-fear, courage , mi
Cheered with the grateful smell, old Ocean sery, and despair,—were combined
smiles."
with the roaring of musketry, the
These odoriferous airs, indeed , both thundrous sweep of cannon , and the
me,as
surprised and delighte d I had loud and irresistible chargeof a thou
usually associated very different ideas sand horses; and commingled with
with the stagnant swamps of Holland. these, during the dread intervals of
As the richness ofthegardens,how comparative silence,were the shouts
ever , is frequently derived from the of the victors, the lamentations of the
less Sabean soil of themarsh, thesame wounded , and the groans of the dying.
cause seems capable of producing very No and terrible
clearpaintin g could a picture
have ofedtwoso
present
different effects ; but the winds
“ Whisper not whence they stole those mightyarmies
ray, mingling advancing in battle
in the mortal ar
conflict
,
balmy spoils ;"
and converting the face of nature into
at least they are, for the most part, one universal scene of confusion, dis
fortunately silent in regard to the may, and death. Rarely does music
prime cause. produce an effect upon the mind so
permanent as either poetry or paint
Haarlem . ing ; but, in my own case, there is, in
this instance, an exception to the ge
I LEFT Leyden with regret, and pur- neral rule. I have listened to “ the
sued my journey to Hanrlem by the notes angelical of many a harp ," but
treckschuyt. The canal between the never were my ears seized with such
two towns is thought very fine. It is ravishment as on the evening I passed
 492 Sketches of Foreign Scenery and Manners. [ August
at Haarlem . The organist afterwards · bour of Damietta. But what must
took me up to the organ - loft, where I give most men greater pleasure, is a
was favoured with a near inspection ; statue in the public square, erected
but nothing should be too minutely in honour of LaurenceCoster, a na
examined . The Rev. Dean of St Pa- tive of the town, and one of the
trick asks church-wardens, said to have been the
Why is a handsome wife ador'd inventor of the art of printing. He
By every coxcomb but her lord ? holds in his hand a large type, on
Of yonder puppet-man inquire, which is the letter A ; and on the pe
Who wisely hides his wood and wire ; destal is represented a printing-press
Shows Sheba's queen completely dressed, at work. It is to be feared that the
And Solomon in royal vest. “ inaudible and noiseless foot of time,
But view them litter'd on the floor, aided by the elements, must gradually
Or strung on pegs behind the door, undermine and destroy the effigies of
Punch isexactly of a piece the venerable printer ; on which ac
With Lorraine's Duke or Prince of Greece.
count I wish that the vestry at Haar
I thought the appearance of the keys lem could bepersuaded to shelter their
very diminutive, whencontrastedwith countryman in the cathedral, were it
the sublime effect produced by them . even to the exclusion of some eminent
There are about 5000 pipes belonging Dutch divine or cumbersome burgo
to this organ. The largest is 38feet master. In a house at no great dis
long, and 15 inches in diameter. tance, among other curiosities, a book
The environs of this town are a- is shown, said to be the first which
dorned with many luxuriant and de- Coster ever printed .
lightful gardens. Nothing can be In the neighbourhood of this city
more richthan the soil here; and al- there is a fine house, built for the
though the flower season is now near- summer residence of Mr Hope, the
ly over, it is easy to see, from what celebrated merchant of Amsterdam .
remains, with what a glow of splen- It is a delightful retreat, finished with
dour the surface of the country must white marble, and contains many no
have been enamelled a few weeks ago. ble apartments, and a magnificent sa
These are Nature's beauties, which, loon , full of capital pictures and prints,
like many artificial ones at home, toil Passing from one chamber furnished
not, neither do they spin ; “ yet Solo- with blue silk, to another adorned
mon, in all his glory, was not arrayed with yellow , is pleasing enough at
like one of these . ” times ; but I would , for the most part,
It was in the vicinity of Haarlem during a fine summer evening, when
that the extraordinary tulip mania , so the sun is sinking in all its glory , pre
general at one time in Holland, chiefly fer walking from one green field to
raged. To such a degree of violence another. So I thought on the present
were the inhabitants of this and some occasion ; and while thecompanion of
other cities affected by it, that the go- my travels took his fill of vaulted halls
vernment was obliged at length to in- smoking with frankincense, and glit
terfere, and put an end to such an ab- tering with rosewood and satin , I wan
surd and ruinous species of commerce, dered about the gardens and dewy
by an official notification. In the year parterres, watching the beautiful
1657, onehundred and twenty tulips changes of colour in the westernsky,
were sold for the sum of 90,000 guil- and listening to the fine song of the
ders ; and it is mentioned in the Dutch nightingale among the groves , for
records, that “ single tulips have been there
sold for seven, eight, nine, and even The wakeful bird
ten thousand guilders, which is more Sung darkling, and, in shadiest covert hid,
than ten times what any person would Tun'd her nocturnal note. ”
have given for the garden in which There are many other pleasant coun
they grew .” try residences near Haarlem , among
In the Great Church at Haarlem which Hartkamp should be mention
are suspended the models of three or ed ,being more particularly interesting,
four ships, representing, it seems, . as having beenat one time the abode
those which, in the frenzy of the of Linnæus, and the place where that
crusades, had been furnished by this famous botanist laid the foundation
pity, and hail piously forced their way of his immortal system . X. Y. Z.
through much carnage, to the har ( To be continued . )
2
 Maritime Discoveries in Australasia . 493
* 1817.]

SELECT EXTRACTS .

MARITIME DISCOVERIES IN AUSTRAL immense track that had been hitherto

ASIA . unexplored. On the 28th of April, at
noon , herounded Breaksea Sprit, Har
[ Extract from the Hobart Town * Gazette, vey's Bay, and hauled in towards the
and Southern Reporter, May 11 , 1816.] coast to the westward ; passed the
Keppel island , and anchored at Point
We are happy to lay before our read- Bowen, for the purpose ofgetting fresh
ers the following very interesting jour- water, as her old stock , which had
nal of Lieutenant Jeffries, of H. M. been taken on board at Port Jackson
armed brigKangaroo, on her voyage during an extremely dry season, had
from Port Jackson to Ceylon ; which become putrid. The launch , upon
is highly creditable and meritorious to her watering expedition , was driven
the nautical abilities of Lieutenant Jef- fifteen miles to leeward of Port Bowen
fries ; and as the publication of a new by an unexpected gale of wind, and
track in seas abounding with reefs and this accident detained thevessel seve
shoals in every direction, to the immi- ral days. After leaving Port Bowen ,
nent danger of the navigator , must Captain J. continued as nearly as pos
prove of the greatest import and utili- sible in the track of our celebrated but
ty to the commercial world , more es- unfortunate countryman , and always
peci
ally that part of it which enjoys ran down in the day-time such parts
the trade of Australasia and Bengal, of the coast as Captain Cook had pass
besides adding to the general stock of ed by night, deriving thence an occa
nautical knowledge. sion ofdescribing places which, in Cap
His Majesty's armed brig Kangaroo, tain Cook's unlimited extent of obser
commanded by Lieutenant Jeffries, vation , have unavoidably escaped his
sailed from Port Jackson the 19th more minute attention .
of April 1815 , for the island of Cey- Having passed Northumberland and
lon, for the purpose of conveying to Cumberland Islands, Captain J. made
theirregiment thevarious detachments Whitsunday Passage upon Whitsun
of the 73d that had remained, and day, as Captain Cook had previously
who, with their families, amounted to done in the Endeavour thirty -five years
about one hundred persons in number. before, from which circumstance the
Intending to make the passage through Passage took its name. There is some
Torres Straits, Captain Jeffries ran thing pleasingly coincident, in the cir
along the coasts as far as Harvey's Bay, cumstance of two British commanders
which lies in about 241° S. latitude, having upon that particular day an
when , finding the weather grow thick chored inthe sameremote and unfre
and unfavourable as he approached quented spot - the knowledgeof which
Wreck Reef, he formed a resolution brought to recollection the immortal
to try the passage inside the Great Cook , and filled the mind with reve
Barrier Reefs, which commence in rential awe and sympathy.
about 23 °, and extend as far as lat. At Cape Sandwich, Captain J. had
10° S. Captain Jeffries followed Cap- communication with the natives, who
tain Cook's track along the coast of were very friendly, and conveyed fruits
New Holland, considering it in all to the vessel. The men are rather
respects preferable to the outer pas- stouter than the natives of this south
sage, in which almost every vessel that ern part of the coast ; but in point of
has adopted it has fallen in with un- industry, or apparent genius, there is
known reefs and shoals. Having ob- scarcely any difference. They have a
served that officer's track as nearly as fruit among them in shape and colour
was possible, until he reached that resembling the mangosteen ofthe east,
part of the coast which lies off Endea- and in taste the English medlar. By
vour river, Captain J. was left to his the 28th of May, Captain J. had pro
own judgment in running down an ceeded as far as Captain Cook's track
extended , he having there borne away ,
* New South Wales. from a consideration that the coast be
Voz. I. 3 R
494 Maritime Discoveries in Australasia . [ August
yond that Strait was an impracticable Upon examination , the changed colour
labyrinth . In the evening Captain J. of the water was found to have been
hove to off Turtle island, intending to occasioned by a bed of mushroom coral
examine the coast to the northward rock, about four feet under water. The
before he went outside the reef ; and latitude of this dangerous rock is 13
as the inshore passage had never been deg. 32 min . 5 sec. S. and the longi
tried, it was examined with the most tude, by lunar observation , 143 deg .
minute attention, and found to be all 47 min. East.
clear as far as the eye could traverse . On the 2d, Capt. J. having passed
By so encouraging a prospect, Captain the unexplored part of the coast, fell
J. was led to determine on the expe- into Captain Bligh’s track in the Boun
riment, and more particularly so, from ty’s launch , and proceedingalong shore,
the recollection that whenever Captain had an opportunity of observing the
Cook stood off he had mostly met with correctness of the charts ; but notwith
difficulties. standing which, about forty minutes
From thisday ( the 29th ) till the past 1 P.M. the brig grounded on a
1st of June, Capt. J. continued by day sand bank not visible, on which there
to sail along that unexplored coast, was only from nine to twelve feet
and at night bringing up under the water, with upwards of ten fathoms
lee of some rock, reef,or shoal, which water withina ship’s length to the
were numberless. On the night of eastward . Capt. J. sent an anchor
the 30th of May, Capt. J. anchored out, which unfortunately came home,
under a large group of islands, to and rendered it necessary to lighten
which he gave the name of Flinders' the ship by starting her water over ,
Group. Ascending a high mountain, board, together with a quantity of
at day -light, he examined the coast, luggage. The anchor was again sent
and perceived a chain of reefs along it out, and fortunately held ; and by the
as far as the eye could penetrate. exertions of the soldiers and seamen,
Weighed, and standing along the coast Capt. J. had thehappiness to find his
closein shore, arrived at the entrance vessel afloat at half-past three the same
ofan amazingly extensive bay or gulph, afternoon ; soon after which, came to
at least thirty miles in depth, towhich anchor and examined the damage,
he gavethe name of Princess Charlotte which was very trivial and soon set
Bay. The land about this part of the to rights. This shoal lies about two
coast appeared much finer than any miles and a half west of Bolt Head ,
other Capt. J. had seen , presenting a the soundings along that part of the
fine green, moderately wooded, and coast varying from five to twenty fa
bearing a considerable resemblance to thoms.
the interior of this ( Van Dieman's On the 6th , afterhaving run through
Land) island. all the reefs laid down in Capt. Flin
Capt. J. found a safe and clear pass- der's chart , Capt. J. doubled Cape
age from three to five miles off the York, and found it to be an island,
shore, and from seven to nine miles and not part of the main land, as
appeareda continuation of the reef and heretofore supposed. Here the vessel
sand banks, commencing off Endeavour anchored for the night, and next morn
River, or rather from Cape Grafton, ing found one of the bower anchors
from whence the chain was first dis- broke, which was attributed to the
covered . foulness of the ground, and was the
On the 1st of June, at half past only part where foul ground had been
twelve, the vessel fell in suddenly with met with . This day (the 7th ) passed
a darkred coloured water,which , from through Torres' Straits, on the side call
the vertical position of the sun , was ed Endeavour Straits, and found from
not perceived until within fifty yards : three to three and a half fathoms wa
the helm was instantly put hard at ter at about half flood , which sound
port, and the vessel going between five ings continued till within a few miles
and six knots, cleared a coral shoal, of Booby Island . Here the vessel an
which had given the red colour to the chored for the night, and thence shaped
water, within the narrow distance of her course for Timor, which she reach
ten yarıls. This danger was first ob- ed the 19th ; and having refreshed , sail
served by the captain , who was fortu- ed again on the26th for the island of
irately at the mast head with three Ceylon, where she anchored in Colom
seamen, employed for the look-out. bo roads on the 24th of July.
1817.) Maritime Discoveries in Australasia . 495

We noticed, in our paper of last the architect, boat-builder, and mer

week, the loss of an infant during this chant.
very critical passage, with the excepo To the northward of Port Davey,
tion of which melancholy occurrence, in lat. 48 deg. 10 min. S. and lon. 145
Capt. J. had the happiness to land the deg. 30 min. E. is another harbour,
detachment,with their families, in a named Macquarie Harbour, of very
state of health , which , from the va- considerable extent, into which a riv
riety of climates and changes of at- er, that runs a considerable distance
mosphere passed through, could not through the country, disembogues it
have been hoped for. self. Unfortunately, at a small dis
Capt. J. recommends to command- tance from the mouth of the harbour,
ers of vessels going to India by the or rather at theharbour's mouth, is a
way of Torres Straits, to keep the bar that extends across its entrance,
land close aboard from their leaving having no more than nine feet water
Port Jackson or Van Diemen's Land, over it, which will for ever render it
anchoring at night, as occasion may impossible to be navigated but by
direct, when they get among the reefs. very small craft. As Mr M'Carty is
A continued chain of sand banks and justreturned from thence with a cargo
shoals extends from Cape Grafton, of Huon wood, he has favoured us
which is in lat. 17 deg. s. to Cape with the following description of the
York , which is in lat. 10 deg. 30 min . harbour :
with numerous narrow passages no
more than a mile wide from four to “ Mr PRINTER ,—To gratify my own
fourteenmiles off shore. This pass- mind respecting
discover theharbour and
ed on thewestcoast Van lately
of river Die
age , Capt. J. observes, is perfectly safe men's Land, known by the names of Mac
to ships of moderate draft ofwater, quarie Harbour andGordon River, I for
withthe exception of the two dangers the second timesailed in my brig (the so
which he hitherto encountered . phia ) for that harbour. On thefifth day,
By his Majesty's armed brig Kan- we came to anchor outside of the bar in
garoo, the colony received an increase seven fathom water, to wait for the tide, as
of inhabitants, byforty male andsixty thecurrentruns at the rate of sixandseven
knots an hour, and there not being more
female convicts ; but as the male con than one and a half fathom water over the
victs were the very worst of characters, bar. Captain Feen , conceiving he could
selected from the goal gang of Sydney, make out a channel, kept the starboard
they had scarcely been twelve hours shore on board close in shore. The sound
on shore before several of them were ings, after passing the bar, where seven fa
committed to goal for depradations. thoms, then ten , and regularly decreasing
The resources of the Isle of Van to two fathoms at the distance of twenty
Diemen are daily developing ; two miles from the bar, where we were obliged
enterpris to bring up , not having sufficient water to
harbours,
ing perseverance of an and
by the bold individual in proceedfurther. From the entrance of the
harbour we encountered
shoals for the first
a whale -boat, have been discovered on ten miles, having a very narrow
the bleak and western shore of the isle. tween them . We then continuedchannel be
our course
The southernmost of those harbours, up the harbour in a whale-boat. Having
named Port Davey, is of the utmost advanced about two miles farther, we found,
importance to the navigator,as it lies on the northern shore, a quantity of coal.
about nine miles to the northward of The first we observed, was on the beach ,
and washed by the water - an immense
South -West Cape, and is a most ex bed , but how deep saltwe could not ascertain .
cellent harbour, divided into two arms On further inspection, we found the bank
extending some miles into the coun from the riverwas nearly all coal, in strata
try . On the shores ofthis harbour ofsix feet thick, thena few feet strataof
are great quantities of the timber clay, and then coal again . Wemuch la
named Huon Pine - the superior value mented the impossibility of proceeding with
of this wood for every purpose of join- the brig to this place. On the following
ers' and cabinet work , from the close- day, we continued our course up the har.
ness, regularity, and beauty of its bourto the entrance of Gordon River : we
grain, is generally acknowledged — it computed the distance from the mouth of
will also be eminently serviceable the harbour to Gordon River to be about
Pursuing
our course
up the
river,miles.
inbuilding boats, especially whale- fifty wearrived at theFirstFalls (similar
boats, from its lightness, buoyancy, to the Falls of Derwent), and which we
and indestructibility from worms, considered to be fifty miles further inland ,
it thus becomes a valuable article to through, as we supposed, the western moun
496 Sale of Lands in the Thirteenth Century. [ August
tains, as it runs nearly due east from the ture advantage is, that when the gen
harbour's mouth . We then procured our eral rich, and highly fertile, soil of
cargo by drifting the wood down to the brig ; the isle should be exhausted by a suc
and on our return down the river, Captain cession of crops, or asystemof bad
Feenmade another
attempt sound a passo husbandry, then the limeand marle
to
age, in which he happily succeeded so that will be manures of incalculable value .
there is no doubt but any vessel that can
cross the bar at the entrance, may go with . But so very rich and productive is the
in half a mile of the Falls, and lay at an- soil, and so genial the clime to every
chor within tenyards of the coal mine. The species of husbandry, that it will be a
mountains on the northern shore, where the long series of years before recourse
coal is, are barren , but the rest are gener must be had to either one or the other.
ally covered with myrtle and pine.-- Yours, - These are natural advantages the
& c. DENNIS M.CARTY . ”
country of Port Jackson doth not
In addition to the above great dis- possess, and which will enable the
covery of an inexhaustible mine of agriculturists of Van Diemen's Land
coal, coal has been found at various to carry on their concerns with much
places on the isle, and more is likely greater success than the inhabitants of
to be discovered on continuing our re- Port Jackson will ever be enabled to
searches. Good slate has been found ; do ; as neither marle nor limestone have
and a limestone quarry has been opened hitherto been found on the eastern
and worked within a mile and a half side of the Blue Mountains.
of Hobart Town, the mortar from We cannot but highly applaud the
which is extremely good for masons' enterprising mind of Mr D. M'Carty,
work, but not so good as shell-lime in exploring these harbours. Scarce
(which is to be had in the greatest had the discovery of them been an
abundance) for the plasterer's use. nounced by Mr Kelly, than he re
For the benefit of the farmer, most solved to visit them . In his first at
excellent marle abounds everywhere ; tempt he was so unfortunate as to lose
and limestone has been discovered in his schooner at Port Davey. On his
various parts of the country. On Mr return to Hobart Town, his ardour to
Gunning's beautiful estate at the Coal pursue this object was unsubdued, al
River, lime of a very good quality has though he had met with so severe a
been made, andmight be carried on loss - rising superior to the difficulties
to any extent. From these two nat- he had encountered, and to the haz
ural productions, limestone and marle, ards and perils he was likely to meet
we derive immediate and future ad- with on a tempestuous and almost un
vantages :immediate, from the facility known coast. He again sailed in his
with which lime can be obtained for brig, and was so happy asto surmount
erecting buildings on the newly-set- every obstacle in his perilous voyage,
tled farms, and for the improvement and to return in safety, with a valuable
of the buildings on the old ;—the fu- cargo as the reward of his toil.

ANTIQUARIAN REPERTORY.

SALE OF LANDS IN THE THIRTEENTH Vendicio terre in Waldefgate, 1290.

CENTURY . Omnibus Christi fidelibus ad quos
presentes litere pervenerint Thomas
(The following curious Extract, relating de Ravinischer Salutem in Dno. No
to the sale of lands in Scotland in the thir- verit universitas vestra quod cum ego
teenth century, is taken from the MS. Char- tanto ære alieno essem oneratus quod
tulary of Kelso, preserved in the Library of creditoribus meis satisfieri non possit
the Faculty of Advocates . It is valuable, nisi terra mea in Waldefgate in villa
because itthrows some lighton the state of de Berewyc , quam tunc solummodo
property in this kingdom during these dark habui in manu meâ vendicetur, atque
ages on the manner in which the impor
tant contract ofsalewas conducted on the compulsus essem judicialiter per Bal
jurisdiction of the Ecclesiastical Courts, and livos Dni Regis et eciam Dni Abbatis
the prevalence of the Roman Law at this de Kalchou , modis omnibus ad satis
remote period in our Island .) factionem hujusmodi debitorum con
 497
1817. ) * Commissiounfor Examinating of Witcheis.'
siderans, quod aliunde pecuniam ha COMMISSIOUN FOR EXAMINATING OF
bere non potui nisi de dicta terra , ip WITCHEIS.'
sam terram cum omnibus edificijs et
alijs pertinencijs suis ad dictam terram [ This and the following article will serve
spectantibus, vel spectare valentibus, to illustrate the opinions and practice ofour
jacentem inter terram quondam Ste- rulers in former times, in regard to that
phani de Hose, ex parte orientali, et singular phenomenon in the history of the
terram quondam Michel de Abirden human mind - the supposed crime of witch
exparte occidentali, per diversas et suf craft. The documents are sufficiently plain ,
ficientes oblaciones factas in curia, ad and do not seem to require, at present, either
elucidation or comment. Should we here
exoneracionem hujusmodi debitorum , after resumethesubject, it may be useful to
dictis abbati et conventui de Kalchou refer to them . ]
tanquam capitalibus Dnis ejusdem fe
odi, vendidi et presenti scripto meo ( Apud Haliruidhous, Oct. 26 , 1591.)
confirmavi pro me et heredibus meis
vel assignatis, et jus quod habui vel FORSAMEKLE as the kingis Maiestie,
habere potui in dicta terra cumædi- with aduyse of the Lordis ofhis secrete
ficiis et pertinencijs suis pro me et here- counsale, hes gevin and grantit, and
dibus meis vel assignatis, extunc et be thir presentis gevis andgrantis, his
exnunc per fustem et baculum merâ hienes full power and commissioun ,
et spontaneâ voluntate, in plena curia expres bidding and charge, to his trus
dicti Dni Abbatis apud Berewyc sur- ty and weil-belouit counsallouris, Schir
sum reddidi et quietum clamavi pro Johne Cocburne of Ormestoun, Jus
sexaginta libris sterlingorum mihi pre tice Clerk ; Maister David Mckgill of
manibus totaliter solutis, de qua pe- Nesbitt, advocat ; As alswa to Mr Ro
cunia plene et integre reputo me probert Bruce and Johnne Dunkiesoun,
pacato exceptioni non numerate non ministeris; Williame Littill, prouest
tradite et non recepte pecunie penitus of Edinburgh ; and Johnne Arnot,
et expressé renunciando, et si contin- burges thairof; or onythree of thame
gat me vel heredes meos contrâ istam coniunctlie ; All and sindrie personis,
vendicionem et quietum clamacionem , alsweill thame quhilkis ar alreddy con
seu aliquem alium vice nostra nomine vict, or vtheris quhilkis ar detenit cap
nostro, mandato, consensu, procuraci- tiue, and hes confessit, and sum that
one, vel ratihabicione nostra in aliquo hes not confessit ; As alswa as ar di
facere vel venire, obligo me et heredes laitit, or that heirefter sal be accused
meos ad solucionem quatuor viginti and dilaited, off committing, vsing,
librarum fabrice ecclesie de Kalchou, and practicing of witchcraft, sorcherie,
nomine dampnorum et interesse sol- inchantment , and vtheris divilish di
vendarum antequam in aliqua lite vysis, to the dishonour of god, sklender
audiamur. Subjiciens me et heredes of his worde, perrelling of thair awne
meos jurisdictioni et cohercioni Dni saullis, abuseing of the commoun peo
Archideaconi Laudonie vel ejus offi- ple, and grite contempt of god, his
ciali qui pro tempore fuerint, quod maiestie, auctoritie, and lawis : To call
possint me et heredesmeos sine cause and convene befoir the saidis commis
cognicione et epitu judiciali per sen- sionaris, or ony three of them coniunct
tenciam excommunicacionis in perso- lie, as said is, alsoft as neid beis ; And
nas nostras de die in diem fulminan- thame to try, inquire, and examinat;
dam compellere et cohercere, ad ob- Thair depositionis to putt in write ;
servandum omnia et singula premissa, and the same to reporte to his Hienes
et eciam quosque eisdem Abbati et and his counsale , To the effect thai
conventui de dictis quatuor viginti may be putt to the knauledge of ane
librarum nomine ecclesie sue plenarie assyiss, and Justice ministratas effeiris;
fuerit satisfactum pacto vendicionis Or`sic vther ordour takin with thame
hujusmodi nihilominus in suo robore asto his Maiestie and his said counsaill
duranturo nullo proponendo obstante. sall be thocht maist meit and conveni.
In cujus rei testimonium Sigillum ent : The personis wilfull, or refuse
meum presentibus est appensum Da- and to declair the veritie, To putt to
tum apud Berewye die Veneris proxi- tortour, or sic vther punishment to
mâ post festum Sancti Jacobi Apostoli vse, and caus be vsit,as may move
anno Dni mº ccº nonages. Hijs testi- thame to utter the treuth ; And gen
bus- ( none added . ) erallie all and sindrie vtheris thingis
498 Trials for Witchcraft. - Bond ofAlliance. [ August
to do and vse that heirin is requisite and articles alreddie deponit and con
to be done ; Firm and stable haldand ; fessit aganis the said Margaret, and
and for to hald all and quhatsumevir ypoun sic vther circumstances as may
thingis the saidis commissionaris, or drawe hir to a discouerie and confes
ony three of thameconiunctlie, as said sioun of the treuth ; and for this effect
is, sall lauchfullie do herein . to confront hir and the said John
( Acta Sec . Conc . ) Stewart, and sic vther personis as hes
or can depone aganis her: And gif she
sall continew constant and obdured in
COMMISSION FOR TRYING JOHN STEW her denyall, with power to thame to
ART ANDMARGARET BARCLAY, AC- put her to tortur ; With power also to
CUSED OF WITCHCRAFT .- 1618. thame, or ony tua of thame, Justice
courtis, ane or mae, at quhatsomevir
JAMES, & c.- Forsamekle as it is vn- place or places, and upon quhatsomevir
derstand to the lordis of secrete coun- day or dayis, lauchfull and convenient,
sall, that John Stewart, vagabound, To sett, begin, affix, affirme, and con
and Margaret Barclay, spous to Archi- tinew Suittis, to mak be callitabsentis,
bald Deane, burges of Irwing, war lait- to amerchiat vnlawis, escheatis, and a
lie tane and apprehendit bethe magi- merchiamentis of the saidis courtis , to
stratis ofour burgh of Irwing, vpoun ask , lift, and raise, and for the same,
most probable and cleire presumptioun yf neid be, to pound and distrenzie :
of thair practizeing of witchcraft aginis And in the saidis courtis, the foirsaidis
John Deane, burges of Irwing, And John Stewart and Margaret Barclay
procuring thairby the distructioun of vpoun pannell to present, be dittay to
the said Johne, and the drowning and acuse, and tham to the knawledge of
perisheing of the schip called the Gift ane assyse to put, and as they sal be
of God , of Irwing, and of the haill fund culpable or innocent of the said
personis and goods being thairintill ; cryme, to cause Justice be ministrat
Lykas the saidJohne Stewart, vpoun vpoun thamefor the said cryme, con
examinatioun, hes cleirlie and pounk- form to the laws of our realme; As
tallie confessit the saidis divilisheprac- sysis needfull for this effect, ilk per
tizes ; and the said Margaret, foolishe- sone, under the pane of xl pund, to
lie presumeing by her denyall to eshew sumond, warne, cheis, elect, andcause
tryall and pvnishment, doeth most ob- be sworne, clerkis, serjandis, demp
duredlie deny the treuth of that mater, stars, and all vther officiaris, and mem
notwithstanding that the said Johnne beris of court neidfull, to mak, create,
constantlie avowis the same vpoun substitute, and ordain , for whom they
her, and that diuerss vtheris cleir and sal be holdin to answer : And gener
evident verificationis ar producit & - allie, & c. ; ffirme and stable , & c.;
gainis hir, as in the proces of exami- chargeing, & c. Gevin vnder our sig
natioun, tane in the mater seene, and net, At Ed? , the second day of Junij ;
considerit be the lordis of our privie and of our Reigne, the 16. and fyftie
counsell, at lenth is contentit : Quhair- ane yearis. (Sic subscribitur.)
for, necessar it is that Justice be mi AL. CHANCEL. MAR. BINING .
nistrat vpoun the saidis personis, con KILSAYTH .
forme to the lawis of our realme ; For ( Acta Sec . Conc. )
quhilk purpois we haif maid and con
stitut, and be the tennour heirof makis
and constitutes, our louittis, John BOND OF ALLIANCE BETWIXT THE
Peeblis, lait provest ofIrwing, Alland EARLS OF HUNTLY, MARISCHALL,
Dunlop and James Quhyte, bailleis of AND ERROLL . - 1543 .
our said burgh , and John Blair, late [ The following copy of a treaty of al
baillie of the same, or ony tua of liance , offensive and defensive, between
thame conjunctlie , our Justices in three Scottish Chieftains, of great pride and
that pairt, to the effect underwrittin : potency in their day, has been transcribed
Gevand, grantand, committand vnto from theoriginalpaper, in the possession
thame, or ony tua of thame, our full ofagentleman of this city. James V.,
powar, commissioun , expresbidding, whose high notions of regal prerogative, not.
withstanding his gay and chivalrousman
and charge, To call the saidis personis ners, proved very offensiveto manyof his
befoir thame, and to re-examyne thame factiousand arrogant barons, had diedon
vpoun the said cryme ofwitchcraft, and the13th ofthepreceding December, ofa
vpoun the particular pointis, headis, broken heart, after the disgraceful rout at
1817.) Letters to Grahame of Claverhouse. " 499

Solway; and aminority,which promisedsuch day, yeir, and place aboun writin ,
fullscope for the pursuitof feudal ambition befor thir witneses, Alexander Ogil
orvengeance, wasnot to be overlooked by a vy of that Ilk, Patrick Chene of Esil
nobility who boasted hereditary claims to mount, Knyght, and Thomas Men
Comptrollar
more than regal authorityin their respectivezies ofPetfodellis, , & c.
jurisdictions.--Huntly was killed twenty ( Signed ) GEORGE, Erll of Huntly.
yearsafterwards in a conflict with the Regent,
Earl of Murray, at Corrichie ; the other two WYLZAM, Erll Marshall.
died in their beds.] GEORGE, Erll of Erroll.
The Bond betwix my Lords Erle Mar.
shall and Erroll.
LETTERS FROM MONTROSE, QUEENS
At Huntlie, the nyntene day of Feb BERRY, &c. TO GRAHAME OF CLA
VERHOUSE .
ruar, the year of God In V. fourty
and thre ( 1543) yeiris. It is appointit,( The following letters, addressed to the
aggreit, and finaly endit betwixnobill celebrated ColonelGrahameof Claverhouse,
and mychty Lordis, George Erle of afterwards Viscount Dundee, are printed
Huntlie, William Erle Marscheall, from the originals inthe possession of a gen
and George Erle of Erroll, in maner tleman in Edinburgh. The first, from the
as eftir followis,
serving that isoftohartlie
and keeping say , forkind-
ob- MarquisofMontrose,appears tohavebeen
written aboạt the timethat the Dukeof
York commenced his infamous career in
ness, according to proximite of bluid,
and allya, and for guid rewle to be Scotland,during his brother's reign. The
second isaddressed to ClaverhousebyQueens.
kepit in the north partis of Scotland, berry and other members of the privy coun
thesaidisErle Marscheall and Erroll cil, underthe immediate apprehension of
sall accompany in all radis, hosting, and Argyle's invasion , in 1685.]
conuentionis, with kyne, friendis , and
servandisdependand on tham, with For the Laird of Claverhous.
the said George Erle of Huntlie ; and SIR ,-Yow cannot imagine how over
all thre their actionis and causes sall joyed I should be to have any im
be ane ; and the said Erleof Huntlie ployment att my disposall that wer
sall not do by the saidis William and worthy of your acceptance, nor how
Georges counsalis, nor pass to nane much I am ashamed to offer yow any
conuentionne but thair awyss and con- thing so far below yo? merit as that
sent thareto, nor thay inlikwyse by of being my lieutenant,tho I be fully
his awyss and consent ; and that perswaded that it will be a step to a
nother of the saidis Erlis sall pur- much more considerable imployment,
chess by thamselfes, and of thar and will give yow occasion to confirme
causing, otheris kindemen, takkis, row- the Duke in the just and good opinion
mis, teindis, or steddingis, but otheris which I do asure yow he has of yow ;
awysse in tyme cumin ; and in case he being a person that judges not of
that ony discord or distance happen people's worth by the ranke they arin.
betuix ony of the saidis Earlis, thar I do not know , after all this, in what
friendis or servandis, they sall concur termes nor with what confidence I can
incontinently , and cause reformatione express my desyr to have yow accept
be made butviolence according to the of this mean and inconsiderable offer ;
falt ; and that nane of the saidis whither by endeavouring to magnifie
Erlis sall make equale band but the it all I can, and telling yow y! it is
awyss of otheris ; and gif ony insurrec- y first troupe of y? D. of York's re
tioun ryse within this realme, that gimenty , ! Iam toraise it in Scotland,
nane of tham sall pass thareto, but the and y! I pretend that non but gentle
awyss of otheris, and sall concur for men should rid in it, or by telling
the commoun weil of the realme and yow that I am promised to be very
thairselfes ; and for the fulfilling and quickly advanced, and y! yow shall
observing of the premisses, all the ether succeid to mę, or share wt me in
saidis thre Erles ar suorne and oblist my advancement. I can say no mor,
be thair grit athis, the haly Evangelis but that yow will oblidge me in it
tuechit, ilk ane to otheris, and under beyond expression. I do not expect
the painis of infamatè and perjurie ; any answer to this while Iam here ;
and this present oblissing to indure for I do resolve to be at Edin ! against
for thair lyfetymes. In witness hereof, y? Ist or 2d day of yº next moneth,
the saidis Erlis hes interchangeably where if yow be not already, I ear
subscrivit this writ with their handis, nestly intreat yow would be pleased
500 Leith Bath Stove. [ August
to meet, Sir , Yo ? most affectionat At Leith there is a Bath -Stove, E
cousin and servant, rected and set up by William Paul,
( Signed ) MONTROSE. after the fashion of Poland and Ger
London , Feb. 19. many, which is approven by all the
Doctors of Physick and Apothecaries
in Edinburgh, and elsewhere : As also
For Collonell Grame of Clavers. by all Travellers and Gentlemen , To
be a Sovereign Remedy in curing of
( For his Majestie's speciall service . ) all Diseases, and for preventing of
Sir, —The Lo. Comissioner shewd sicknesses both of young and old ,
Men, VVomen , and Children, from
y? letter . If there be any danger by half-year upward : VVith the help of
horse, it most be from the Border; so Doctors of Physick thereto .
propose what yow judge expedient, foresaid Bath - Stove will con
and writt it to yoĚ. of Dumbarton . tainThetwelve
or fifteen Persons which
,
The army is thus posted : the foot, will be bathed in half anhourstime
horse, and dragoons, which were w! after they enter the Bathe. Likewise
L !Gen !!Drum ! and Coll. Dowglas, if they repairas they do to Bathes in
are ator near Air ; what canbe spared othercountreyes,this Bathe is able to
from this
militia, will revendevouzes
which goe thither alsoatLith-
. The give content to Fourscore Persons a
gow,are tobe posted at Glasgow till day,
The Diseases that
are commonly
they beput in order. Marq ?. ofAthole Cured by the said Bathe, are these ;
will haveabove 3000 in Argyleshyr ; TheHydropsie , theGout, Deafnesse,
the Marq? of Huntly some more at the Itch , sore Eyes, the Cold, unsen
being butnot
s -head, into
Lochnesalready sosoon ;Charles
Argyle. Athole siblenesse of the Flesh, the trembling
Axes, the Irish Ague, cold Defluxions
Campbell, sonneheritors
to Argyle,is levying inwardly, the Melancholick disease,
all naturall diseases
in Argyle some ;and toward the Collíck, and Probatum
300commonshave joined him . Argyle that are Curable. est.
keeps yo sea w! 5 ships; thefrigats The Degrees and Prices of the Bath
will be with him shortly. The king Stove.
hath sent commissiones to Coll.Dowglas The first Degree, 1 l. sh. d.
and you, as brigadeers both of horse for preserving the > 00 12 00 Scots .
and foot : Dowglas is prior in date. Health ,
Ships by both seas are comeing on The second Degree,
Argyle ; and some armes , both for
horse and foot, are comeing hither by for giving or pro -00 18 00
curing
a yacht. Wee hear y! about 30 hors The thirdHealth ,..
Degree,
men cameover y? Border, and returned
in few hours. Wee have writt to for bringing out
hidden Diseases Soi 04 00
Feilding, who is deputy governour of out of the Bones
Carlyle, to correspond wť yow, and wee and Inward parts ,
desyre yow may wt him . "Lett us hear
For Bathing of
freq'ly ,and yow shall have still return Maids and Chil- 00 06 00
from , Sir, Your affectionat friends and dren, ........
servants ,
(Signed ) QUEENSBERRIE , Com '.
Perth , Cancell. FOGleseyCupping)
Glasse, ...
00 04 00

Ye shall have all the dayes of the

DUNBARTON .
TARBAT . week for men to Bathe, except Friday,
which is reserv'd for Women and Chile
Ed. 23 May 1685. dren .
This Bathe is to be used at all times
Haste Feilding's letter to him . and seasons, both Summer and Win
ter ; and every Person that comes to
Bathe, must bring clean Linines with
LEITH BATH STOVE . them for their own use, especially
clean Shirts.
[ The following curious old handbill is re
printed, literatim , from a copy preserved This Bath - Stove is to be found in
in the Advocates' Library. It iswithout Alexander Hayes Closse, over against
date, but is probably as old, at least, as the Entry of Babylon , betwixt the Tole
the beginning of last century .] booth and the Shore.
1
 1817.)
ORIGINAL POETRY .
LINES WRITTEN IN A HIGHLAND GLEN.
To whom belongs this Valley fair,
That sleeps beneath the filmy air,
Even like a living Thing !
Silent,
-as Infant at the breast, -
Save a still sound that speaks of rest,
That streamlet's murmuring !
The Heavens appear to love this vale ;
There, clouds with scarce -seen motion sail,
Or 'mid the silence lie !
By that blue arch this beauteous Earth
Mid Evening's hour of dewy mirth
Seems bound unto the sky.
0 ! that this lovely Vale were mine!
Then, from glad youth to calm decline,
My years would gently glide ;
Hope would rejoice in endless Dreams,
And Memory's oft-returning gleams
By Peace be sanctified .
There would unto my soul be given ,
From presence of that gracious Heaven ,
A Piety sublime ;
And thoughts would come of mystic mood,
To make in this deep solitude
Eternity of Time !
And did I ask to whom belonged
This Vale -? I feel that I have wronged
Nature's most gracious soul !
She spreads her glories o'er the Earth ,
And all her Children from their birth
Are joint-heirs of the whole !
Yea! long as Nature's humblest Child
Hath kept her Temple undefiled
By sinful sacrifice,
Earth's fairest scenes are all his own ,
He is a Monarch , and his Throne
Is built amid the skies !
N.
THE WIDOW'D MOTHER .
BESIDE her Babe, who sweetly slept,
A widow'd Mother sat and wept
O'er years of love gone by ;
And as the sobs thick - gathering came,
She murmur'd her dead Husband's name
Mid that sad lullaby.
Well might that lullaby be sad,
For not one single friend she had
On this cold-hearted Earth ;
Vol . I.
Original Poetry. 501
The sea will not give back its prey
And they were wraptin foreign clay
Who gave the Orphan birth.
Stedfastly as a star doth look
Upon a little murmuring brook ,
She gazed upon the besom
And fair brow of her sleeping Son
66 O merciful Heaven ! when I am gons
“ Thine is this earthly blossom !”
While thus she sata sunbeam broke
Into the room ;-the Babe awoke ,
And from his cradle smiled !
Ah, me ! what kindling smiles metthere !
I know not whether was more fair,
The Mother or her Child !
With joy fresh -sprung from short alarms,
The smiler stretched his rosy arms,
And to her bosom leapta
All tears at once were swept away ,
And said a face as bright as day,
“ Forgive me ! that I wept !”.
Sufferings there are from Nature sprung ,
Ear hath not heard, nor Poet's tongue
May venture to declare ;
But this as Holy -Writ is sure,
“ The griefs she bids us here endure
“ She can herself repair !” N.
SONNET ,
On the Spirit of Domestic Happiness,
ALBION ! a tutelary Power is thine,
Who lifts thy name among the nations high ,
Radiant as Seraph , though of earthly line,
The Eldest-born of Love and Liberty.
A tranquil glory sits upon her face,
That speaks a spirit worthy of her birth ;
Though bright with beauty, majesty, and
grace ,
Her chosen dwelling is the Cottage -Hearth.
There calm she reigns, while sinless Bliss
beguiles
The evening-hours with vows of endless
truth ,
While round her knees the lisping Baby
smiles,
Or garrulous Age repeats the tale of Youth .
Though calm her soul as Ocean's waveless
breast,
Wo to that Tyrant who shall break her rest !
N.
3 S
502 Original Poetry. [ August
SONNET FRIENDSHIP

To a young Lady caressing her infant CELESTIAL Friendship ! if yet ne'er pro
Brother. fan'd
O TAKE not, dearest Mary ! from my view Thy hallow'd Shrine hath in my heart re
main'd ,
That gentle boy , who, in thy fond embrace Still foster there, with undecaying flame,
Delighted smiling, lends more winning grace Affections worthy ofthysacred name,
Unto thy airy form and blooming hue.
' Tis sweet on these young eyes of liquid blue And give
low
to cheer this dark’ning Path be
To gaze - and in the features of a face,
Thecordial
Where nought of Ill hath stampt unhallow'd Whileo'erthe joyscongenial
PastIlingerspirits
withknow
a sigh..
,
trace , And mark Affliction's storms impending
To read “ whate'er is Lovely, Pure, and nigh
True.”
Ah ! happy Child ! too soon the Early Dew The airy visions of Life's opening day,
Of youth shall fade, and scorching suns de
And Manhood's brighter dreams all past
away
stroy Yet_ere the bosom's genial fires depart,
The Vernal Freshness time can ne'er renew !
And care and sadness settle round the heart
Yet sip a while theElysian draughtof joy Oh ! yet before those Evil Days begin,
Yet dream a little longer safe from harms When all grows dark without, and cold
No ill can reach thee in these angel arms ! within ,
E.
Come, Heavenly Power ! with hope-reviving
ray ,
SONNET
And chase the brooding Shadows far away ,
Pour on my soul thy sweet and tranquil
To a revered Female Relative. light,
Like softest moonshine stealing on the night,
LADY, when I behold thy thoughtful eye, And bid immortal Faith thy lamp illume,
Dwelling benignantly upon thy Child, Undimm'd through life - unquench'd ev'n
Or hear thee, in maternal accents mild , in the tomb ! S.
Speak of Departed Friends so tenderly
It seems to me as years now long gone by
Were come again, with early visions fraught,
And hopes sublime, and heavenly musings,
caught LINES ON THE GRAVE OF A CHILD .
From those kind eyes that watch'd my in .
fancy ! Oh, sweet my Baby ! liest thou here,
Friend of my Mother ! often in my heart So low , so cold , and so forsaken ?
Thy kindred image shall with Her's arise, And cannot a sad Father's tear
The throb of holier feeling to impart ; Thy once too lovely smiles awaken ?
And aye that gentle Maid, whom sweetest Ah, no ! within this silent tomb
ties Thy Parents' hopes receive their doom !
Of human care around thy soul entwine,
Shall with a brother's love be bound tomine. Oh, sweet my Baby ! round thy brow
Aug. 29, 1812. E. The Rose and Yew are twin'd together ;
The Rose was blooming — so wast Thou
Too blooming far for Death to gather.
The Yew was green, and green to me
SONNET
For ever lives thy Memory .
To an Infidel. I have a flower, that press'd the mouth
Of one upon his cold bier lying,
All is in change,—yet there is nothing lost: To me more fragrant than the South ,
The dew becomes the essence of the flower O'er banks of op'ning violets flying ;
Which feeds the insect of the sunny hour, Although its leaves look pale anddry,
Now leat, now pinion ;-though the hills How blooming to a Father's eye !
were tost
By the wild whirlwinds, like the summer Upon Oh , sweet my Baby ! is thine head
dust, a rocky pillow lying ?
Would not an atom perish ;-Nature's And is the dreary grave thybed
power Thy lullaby a Father's sighing ?
Knows not annihilation, and her dower Oh , chang'd the hour since thou didst rest
Is universal Fitness never crost. Upon a Mother's faithful breast !
Is all eternal, save the Mind of Man , Oh ! can I e'er forget the kiss
The masterpiece and glory of the whole, Igave thee on thatmorn of mourning ,
The wonder of creation ? -is a span That last sad tender parting bliss
To limit the duration of the Soul From Innocence to God returning !
To drop ere its career is well begun, Mayst thou repay that kiss to me,
Like a proud steed far distant from the goal. In realms of bright eternity !
G, D. F: A.
 2817.] Review . - Lalla Rookh . 503

REVIEW OF NEW PUBLICATIONS.

Lalla Rookh . An Oriental Romance. lation , it is probable that many of our

By Thomas MOORE. 4to. Lon- readers have not yet seen this delight
don, Longman and Co. 1817. ful romance , and will be obligedto us
for an analysis of the “ Fire Wor
( Concluded from page 285.) shippers” and “ The Light of the
When wegaveour readers an account Haram ,” with such extracts as may
of the “ Veiled Prophet of Khoras- enable them to judge for themselves
san ,” and “ Paradise and the Peri,” of the poetical genius which they dis
the romance of Lalla Rookh had just play. They must bear in remem
been presented to the public, and brance the wild and supernatural ma
some anxiety wasnaturally felt by the jesty of the Veiled Prophet - the pomp
friends and admirers of Mr Moore, and magnificence of his array, when
respecting its ultimate destiny. For waging war against tyranny and su
- the first time, he had come forward as perstition — the demoniacand remorse
the author of a long and continuous less wickedness of hissoul, rendered
work ; and while they, who saw in his fierce and savageby thehideousaspect
former short compositions convincing with which nature had cursed him
and satisfactory evidence that he had his scorn , and mockery, and insult,
the strength and powerof a poet , con- and murder, of all the best hopes, and
fidently hoped that his oriental ro- passions, and aspirations of humanity
mance would entitle him to sit by the his headlong and precipitous career,
side of his loftiest contemporaries, whether in victoryor defeat — his sin
others, again, who had hitherto re- ful and insane enjoyment of distrac
garded him in the light of an elegant tion , misery, and blood — and, finally,
and graceful versifier merely, were his last mortal repast, where he sat
afraid that he had rashly committed alone amid the poisoned carcases of
himself in too great an undertaking, his deluded proselytes,-- and that fear
and anticipated failure, discomfiture, ful plunge into annihilation from the
and defeat. On the first appearance, shipwreck of his insatiable ambition,
therefore, of this work, there was a which left on earth only the remem
kind of doubting, and pausing hesita- branceof his name and the terror of
tion and perplexity, in the minds of his guilt. In contrast with this mys
those readers who think it better to terious Personification, they will re
criticise than to admire ; and who, in- member the pure and lofty faith of
stead of yielding to the genial sense of the heroic Azim in the creed and des
delight which the inspiration of genius tiny of the Impostor - his agony on
.awakens, are intent only on the dis- discovering the delusion under which
covery of faults, defects, andimper- he had cherishedsuch elevating dreams
fections, and ever seeking opportunities -his silent, and uncomplaining, and
of displaying their own acumen and rooted despair, when he finds his
perspicacity. But this wavering un- Zelica the prey of sin and insanity
certainty in the public mind soon gave his sudden apparition , like a War
way to favourable decision ; the carp- God, among the triumphant troops of
ing criticism of paltry tastes and li- the Caliph — and at last, when his
mited understandings faded before that victorious career is closed, his retire
burst of admiration with which all ment into solitude, and his calm and
enlightened spirits hailed the beauty happy death , a gray-haired man , on
and magnificence of Lalla Rookh ; the grave of her he had loved, and
and it was universally acknowledged whose Vision, restored to former inno
throughout Britain , that the star of cence and beauty , comes to bless the
Moore's genius, which had long been hour of his dissolution. Powerfully
seen shining on the horizon, had now and beautifully drawn as these two
reached its altitude in heaven, and Characters are, and impressive when
burnt with uneclipsed glory among its separately considered , it will be felt
surrounding luminaries. that the most striking effect is pro
As, however, a two-guinea quarto duced by their opposition, and that
must have a comparatively slow circu- the picture of wicked ambition, relent
 504 Review.Lalla Rookh. [ August
less cruelty, insatiable liccntiousness, shall the miserable wretch walk over
and blaspheming atheism , stands more to that calm and dreamlike land where
prominently forward from the canvass, his own infancy played ? For, red
when placed beside that of self-ne- though be his hands and his soul, he
glecting heroism , forgiving generosity, was once like that spotless Child. The
pure love, and lofty devotion. poet feels -- deeply feels that sentiment
But if the wild tale of the Veiled of our Christian Religion , which alone
Prophet possessed the imagination of would prove its origin to have been
our readers, and awoke all their shud- divine ; and representing repentance
dering sympathies, they will not easily as the only operation of spirit by which
forget the mild and gentle beauties of our human nature can be restored from
“ Paradise and the Peri,” and will turn the lowest depth of perdition to its
to it, from the perusal ofthe other, with first state of comparative innocence, he
such feelings of placid delight as when supposes its first-shed tears not only
the soul reposes on the sunny slope of to save the soul of the weeper, but,
a pastoral hill, after its descent from by a high and mysterious agency, to
the grim cliffs of a volcanic mountain. open the gates of Paradise to the Peri,
Neverwas a purer and more dazzling as if thesacred shower alike restored,
light shed over the dying countenance refreshed ,and beautified, mortal and
of a self-devoted patriot, than over immortal Beings.
that hero whose heart's blood the Peri We feel that our remembrances have
carries to Paradise. There is no need- carried us away from our present main
less description-no pouring out of object. Yet we hope for indulgence.
vague and general emotions-none of Poetry is not framed for the amuse
the common -places of patriotism ; but ment of a passing hour. The feelings
the story of the fallen Hero tellsitself. it excites are lodged in the depths of
The situation is all in all ; his last every meditative soul, and when it is
sighs are breathed beneath the over- considered what undue influence the
shadowing wings of a celestial crea- low -born cares and paltry pursuits of
ture, sympathizing in her own fall ordinary existence seem , by a kind of
with the sorrows of humanity ; and mournful necessity, to exert over the
lying thus by the blood-stained waters very best natures, it can never be a
of his native river,with the red blade vain or useless occupation , to recall be
broken in his hand , what more beau - fore us those pure and lofty visions
tiful and august picture can be con- which are created by the capacities
ceived of unconquerable Virtue ? The rather than the practices of the spirit
second picture, of the Lovers dying of within us, and with which our very
the Plague, is not less exquisite. The sympathy proves the grandeur and
soul is at once filled with that fear magnificence of our destiny.
and horror which the visitation strikes T'he ground-work of the “ Fire
through its vital blood ; while ,at the Worshippers," is the last and fatal
same time, the loveliness, the stillness, struggle of the Ghebers, or Persians
the serenity of the scene in which of the old religion , with their Arab
Death is busy, chaining the waves of conquerors. With the interest of this
passion into a calm , - do most beauti- contest, there is combined ( as is usual
fully coalesce with the pure love and in all such cases) that of a love story ;
perfect resignation of the youthful and though weconfess ourselves hostile
victims, till the heart is left as happy in general to this blending of indivi
in the contemplation of their quiet dual with general feelings, as destruc
decease, as if Love had bound them tive of the paramount importance of
to life and enjoyment. Yet the con- the one, and the undivided intensity
cluding picture of the sinless Child of the other ; yet, in this instance,
and the repentant Ruffian is perhaps great skill is shewn in the combination
still more true to poetry and to na- of the principal and subordinate ad
ture. Never did genius so beautify ventures, and if there be an error of
religion ; never didan uninspired pen judgment in such a plan, it is amply
so illustrate the divine sentiment of a atoned for by the vigour and energy
divine Teacher. What a dark and of the execution . The scene is laid
frightful chasm is heard to growl be- on the Persian side of the gulph which
tween the smiling sleep of the blessed separates that country from Arabia,
Infant and the wakeful remorse of the and is sometimes known by the
despairing Vurderer ! By what bridge name of Oman's Sea. The Fire Wor
1817.] Review . - Lalla Rookh . 500

shippers have at last been driven to beams upon her soul in the midst of
take refuge in an inaccessible rock his devoted warriors, in all the glory
hanging over the sea, the last solitary of heroism and piety. She informs
linkof that stupendous chain of moun. him that he is betrayed. In all the
tains stretching down from the Caspi- agony of hopeless love, he sends her,
an . From this den they hold out de- with a chosen guard, in a skiff, away
fiance to the Emir al Hassan ; and their from danger - he sounds the horn of
chief, Hafed , the last hope of Iran, is destiny -- the Arabs storm the ravine
clothed, in the imagination of the ter- that leads to the cliff - after a direful
rified Mahommedans, with all the at- contest, they prevail - Hafed and one
tributes of an infernalspirit. Among bosom friendalonesurvive, and drag
his own followers, he is adored for his their wounded bodies to the sacred
beauty, his valour, his patriotism ,and pyre -- the Chief lays his brother, who
his piety. The sacred fire is kept has just fallen down dead, on the pile
constantly kindled on the summit of lights it with the consecrated brand ,
the cliff - all hope of preserving it from “ And with a smile
extinction is finally gone but Hafed of triumph , vaulting on the Pile,
and his Ghebers have sworn to perish in that last effort, ere the fires
in its flames, rather than submit to Have harmed one glorious limb- expires."
the Arabian yoke. A horn is hung over The death-pile illuminatesradiance
rock and
thebattlements
; and when it isheard flood with its melancholy
pealingthrough the solitarycliffs,it and Hinda,leaningin ghastly agonies
is to be
doom the they
, and signal theirtovoluntary
areofthen be min against the mast of the skift, beholds
gledwith the holyandsymbolicalele- thetallshadowy figure of Hafed re
vealed before the burning pyre ; and,
ment of their worship. The love story,
shrieking out, “ ’tis he !” and spring
which is of a wild and romantic cha- ingasif to reach the blaze onwhich
racter, is in somemeasure instrument- her dyinglooks are fixed, sinks into
al in the final catastrophe. Hafed, the sea ,
one dark midnight, has scaled a soli
tary tower, in which he believes the “ Deep - deep, where never care or pain
Emir sleeps, with the purpose, we Shall reach her innocent heart again !”
suppose, of putting him to death ; And here, unquestionably, the poem
though we are afterwards inconsist- has come to a natural conclusion .
ently enough told, that had he found But Mr Moore is not of that opinion,
his enemy, hewould have spared his and thinks proper to make a Peri sing,
life. He there finds Hinda, the young, beneath
“ the dark sea ,' a farewell
artless, innocent, and beautiful Ara- dirge to “ Araby's daughter.” This
bian maid — whose heart, soul, and dirge isof course filled with every image
senses, are at once fascinated by the with which a Peri living beneath the
adventurous stranger. As yet she dark sea may be supposed conversant ;
knows not whencehe comes, whither and we never recollect to have seen so
he goes, to what country he belongs. laborious and cold a piece of mere in
At last he tells her the fatal truth , that genuity, immediately, succeeding a
he is a Gheber,and that on earth their catastrophe, which, though perhaps
destiniesmust be severed. The Emir, somewhat extravagant and unnatural,
meanwhile, ignorant of these noctur- is both passionately conceived and ex
nal meetings, laments the decay of his pressed . The mind is left satisfied
daughter's health and beauty, and with the completion of their destiny ;
sends her in a pinnace to breathe the theirs was the real and living struggle
air of her native Araby. He first com- of high passions, rendered higherby
municates to her his intention of that misfortune ; and that heart-rending,
night storming, by surprise, the for- life-destroying, necessity in which they
tress of the Fire-Worshippers, the se- were inextricably bound and delivered
cret access to which has been betrayed up to death, beyond all power of sav
to him by a captive traitor. The pin- ing intervention, is that which gives
nace, in a sudden storm, runs foul of to the poem all its human interest,
a war bark of Hafed, and is captured. and of which the pervading sense
Hinda then discovers thather unknown ought not to have been dispelled from
lover is in truth that terrific being our souls by the warblings of any im
whom she had been taught to fear, aginary creature,but should have been
detest, and abhor ; but who now left to deepen and increase,—to fade or
500 Review . - Lalla Rookh. [ August
die away in the solitary darkness of And thought some spirit of the air
reflection . (For what could waft a mortal there ?)
We shall now endeavour, by ex Was pausing on his moonlight way
To listen to her lonely lay !
tracts, togive our readerssomeidea This fancy ne'erhath left her mind ;
of the execution of this fine Foem, And though , when terror's swoon had
the subject of which, and the story, past,
is, we hope, clearly enough explained She saw ayouth of mortal kind,
by the foregoing analysis. Before her in obeisance cast,
We are thus introduced to Hinda, Yet often since, when he has spoken ,
the heroine of the tale, and we think Strange, awful words, and gleams have
that, with the exception of the image broken
of the serpent gazing on the emerald, From his dark eyes,too brightto bear,
Oh ! she hath fear'd her soul was given
which, in good truth, is but a sorry To some unhallowed child of air,
conceit, thedescription is most beauti Some erring Spirit cast from heaven ,
ful. Like those angelic youths of old ,
“ Light as the angel shapes that bless Who burned for maids of mortal mould ,
An infant's dream , yet not the less Bewilder'd left the glorious skies,
Rich in all woman's loveliness ; And lost their heaven for woman's eyes !
With eyes so pure, that from their ray Fond girl! nor fiend , nor angel he,
Dark Vice would turn abash'd away , Who woos thy young simplicity ;
Blinded like serpents, when theygaze But one of earth's impassioned sons,
Upon the emerald's virgin blaze ! As warm in love, as fierce in ire,
As the best heart whose current runs
Yet, fill’d with all youth's sweet desires, Full of the Day -God's living fire ! ”
Mingling the meek and vestal fires
Of other worlds with all the bliss, There is infinite spirit, freedom ,
The fond, weak tenderness of this ! strength, and energy, in that part of
A soul too , more than half divine, the poem where Hinda discovers her
Where, through some shades of earthly lover to be a Gheber, -many fine and
feeling, delicate touches of genuine pathos,
Religion's soften'd glories shine, and many bursts of uncontrollable
Like light through summer foliage steal
ing , passion. As for example :
66
Shedding a glow of such mild hue, - Hold , hold - thy words are
So warm and yet so shadowy too, death
As makes the very darkness there The stranger cried, as wild he flung
More beautiful than light elsewhere ! ” His mantle back , and show'd beneath
The Gheber belt that round him clung
A striking picture is conveyed in • Here, maiden, look - weep_blush to see
the following six lines, of Hinda lis All that thy sire abhors in me !
tening the approach of her lover's Yes - 1 am of that impious race,
skift, from her airy tower : Those Slaves of Fire, who, mornandeven,
“ Ev'n now thou seest the flashing spray , Hail their Creator's dwelling -place
That lights his oar's impatient way ; Among the living lights ofheaven !
Ev'n now thou hear'st the sudden shock Yes -- I am of that outcast few ,
Of his swift bark against the rock , TO IRAN and to vengeance true,
And stretchest down thy arms of snow, Who curse the hour your Arabs came
As if to lift him from below !” To desolate our shrines of flame,
And swear, before God's burning eye,
Her first interview with her lover, To break our country's chains, or die !
and all her bewildering emotions, are Thy bigot sire- nay, tremble not
thus described : He, who gave birth to those dear eyes,
- She loves — but knows not whom she loves, With me is sacred as the spot
Nor what his race , nor whence he came ;- From which our fires ofworship rise !
Like one who meets, in Indian groves , But know - 'twas he I sought that night,
Some beauteous bird , without a name, When , from my watch - boat on the sea ,
Brought by the last ambrosial breeze I caught this turret's glimmering light,
From isles in th ' undiscover'd seas, And up the rude rocks desperately
To shew his plumage for a day Rush'd to my prey - thou know'st the rest
To wondering eyes, and wing away ! I climb’d the gory vulture's nest,
Will he thus fy - her nameless lover ? And found a trembling dove within ;
Alla forbid ! 'twas by a moon Thine, thine the victory - thine the sin
As fair as this, while singing over If Love has made one thought his own,
Some ditty to her soft Kanoon, That vengeance claims first - last- alone !
Alone, at this same witching hour, Oh ! had we never, never met,
She first beheld his radiant eyes Or could this heart ev'n now forget
Gleam through the lattice of the bower, How link'd, how bless'd we might have been ,
Where nightly now they mix their sighs ; Had fate not frown'd so dark between !
 1817.) Review . - Lalla Rookh. 509
Hadst thou been born a Persian maid , His only talisman , the sword ,
In neighbouringvalleys had we dwelt, His only spell.word , Liberty !
Throughthe samefields in childhood play'd, One of that ancient hero line,
At the same kindling altar knelt, Along whose glorious current shine
Then , then , while all those nameless ties, Names, that have sanctified their blood ;
In which the charm of country lies, As Lebanon's small mountain flood
Had round our hearts been hourly spun , Is render'd holy by the ranks
Till Iran's cause and thine were one ;- Of sainted cedars on its banks !
While in thy lute'sawakening sigh ' Twas not for him to crouch the knee
I heard the voice of days gone by, Tamely to Moslem tyranny ;
And saw in every smile of thine " Twas not for him , whose soul was cast
Returning hours ofglory shine! In the bright mould of ages past,
While the wrong'd Spirit of our Land Whose melancholy spirit, fed
Liv'd, look'd , and spoke her wrongs With all the glories of the dead ,
through thee, Though fram'd for Iran's happiest years,
God ! who could then this sword withstand ? Was born among her chains and tears !
Its very flash were victory ! ' Twas not for him to swell the crowd
But now - estrang'd, divorc'd for ever , Of slavish heads, that shrinking bowed
Far as the grasp of Fate can sever ; Before the Moslem as he pass'd,
Our only ties what love has wove, Like shrubs beneath the poison -blast
Faith , friends, and country, sunder'd No - far he fled_indignant filed
wide ;
The pageant of his country's shame ;
And then , then only, true to love, While every tear her children shed
When false to all that's dear beside ! Fell on his soul like drops of flame ;
Thy father, IRAN's deadliest foem And as a lover hails the dawn
Thyself, perhaps, ev'n now but no- Of a first smile, so welcom'd he
Hate never look'd so lovely yet ! The sparkle of the first sword drawn
Nosacred to thy soul will be For Vengeance and for Liberty ! "
The land of him who could forget
All but that bleeding land for thee ! The description of the Hold of the
When other eyes shall see, unmoved , Ghebers is vivid and picturesque:
Her widows mourn , her warriors fall, Around its base the bare rocks stood ,
Thou'lt think how well one Gheber lov'd , Like naked giants, in the flood,
And for his sake thou'lt weep for all ! As if to guard the Gulf across ;
But look While on its peak that brav'd the sky,
With sudden start he turn’d A ruin'd temple tower'd , so high ,
And pointed to the distant wave , That oft the sleeping albatross
While lights, like charnel meteors, burn'd Struck the wild ruins with her wing ,
Bluely, as o'er some seaman's grave ; And from her cloud -rock'd slumbering
And fiery darts, atintervals, Started — to find man's dwelling there
Flew up all sparkling from the main , In her own silent fields of air !
As if each star, that nightly falls, Beneath, terrific caverns gave
Were shooting back to heaven again .. Dark welcome to each stormy wave
. My signal lights !-I must away- That dash'd , like midnight revellers, in ;
Both , both are ruin'd, if I stay ! And such the strange mysterious din
Farewell - sweet life! thou cling'st in vain- At times throughout those caverns roll'd ,
Now - vengeance !-I am thine again .' And such the fearful wonders told
Fiercely he brokeaway, nor stopp'd, Of restless sprites imprison'd there ,
Nor look’d — but fromthe lattice dropp'd That bold were Moslem , who would dare,
Down ’mid the pointed crags beneath , At twilight hour, to steer his skiff
As if he fied from love to death . Beneath the Cheber's lonely cliff.
While pale and mute young HINDA stood , On the land side, those towers sublime,
Nor mov'd , till in the silentflood That seem'd above the grasp of Time,
A momentary plunge below Were sever'd from the haunts of men
Startled her from her trance of wo.” By a wide, deep, and wizard glen ,
So fathomless, so full of gloom ,
The length of these extracts prevents No eye could pierce the void between ;
us from quoting the whole description It seem'd a place where Gholes might come
of the hero Hafed ; but the following With their foul banquets from the tomb,
And in its caverns feed unseen
lines will shew that he was worthy to .
be the lover of Hinda, and the chief Like distant thunder from below ,
of the Fire- Worshippers : The sound of many torrents came;
Too deep for eye or ear to know
Such were the tales that won belief, If 'twere the sea's imprison'd flow ,
And such the colouring fancy gave Or floods of ever-restless flame.
To a young , warm , and dauntless Chief, -- For each ravine, each rocky spire,
One who, no more than mortal brave, Of that vast mountain stood on fire ;
Fought for the land his soul ador'd , And though for ever past the days ,
For happy homes and altars free, When God was worshipped in the blaze
508 Review.Lalla Rookh . [ August
That from its lofty altar shone, But the rude litter, roughly spread
Though fled the priests, the votaries gone, With war-cloaks, is her homely bed ,
Still did the mighty flame burn on And shawl and sash , on javelins hung
Through chance and change, through good For awning, o'er her head are flung.
and ill , Shuddering she look'd around - there lay
Like its own God's eternal will, A group of warriors in the sun
Deep , constant, bright, unquenchable ! " Resting their limbs, as for that day
We shall conclude our extracts with Their ministry of death were done.
Some gazing on the drowsy sea ,
the following exquisite description of Lost inunconscious reverie ;
a calm after a storm , and of Hinda And some,whoseem'd but ill to brook
awaking from a swoon of terror on That sluggish calm , with many a look
board of the war -bark of Hafed ; than To the slack sail impatient cast,
which last it is difficult tº conceive any As loose it flagg'd before the mast.”
thing of the kind making a nearer ap- On looking back to our extracts, we
feel that they give a very inadequate
proach to the definite distinctness of idea
the sister - art of painting. of the high and varied excellence
“ How calm , how beautiful comes on of Mr Moore's poetry. But from a
The stilly hour, when storms are gone ! poem of four long cantos, how is it
When warring winds have died away , possible to give any but short and im
And clouds, beneath the glancing ray, perfect specimens ? Yet though our
Melt off, and leave the land and sea readers may not be able, from these
Sleeping in bright tranquillity , few passages, to judge of the design
Fresh as if dayagain were born , and execution of the whole poem , they
Again upon the lap ofmorn ! will at least discover in them the hand
When the light blossoms, rudely torn
And scatter'd at the whirlwind's will , of a master,-as a judge of painting
Hang floating in the pure air , still, could , from the smallest shred of a
Filling it all with precious balm , picture, decide on the skill and genius
In gratitude for this sweet calm ; of the artist, though he saw only a bit
And every drop the thunder-showers of colouring, and the contour of a single
Have left upon the grass and flowers limb. For our own parts, we are of
Sparkles, as 'twere that lightning gem opinion, that if Mr Moore had written
Whose
When,liquid
'steadflame is born
of one of them breeze,
unchanging ! nothing but the Fire-Worshippers, he
would have stood in the first rank of
There blow a thousand gentle airs,
And each a different perfume bears ,- living poets. The subject is a fine one,
As if the loveliest plants and trees and admirably suited to call forth
Had vassal breezes of their own , the display ofhis peculiar feelings and
To watch and wait on them alone, faculties. His ardent and fiery love of
And waft no other breath than theirs ! Liberty,—his impassioned patriotism ,
When the blue waters rise and fall, at times assuming the loftiest form of
In sleepy sunshine mantling all ; which that virtue is susceptible, and
And even that swell the tempest leaves
Is like the full and silent heaves at others bordering upon a vague and
Of lovers' hearts , when newly blest objectless enthusiasm ,-his admiration
Too newly to be quite at rest ! of what may be called the virtues of
Such was the golden hour that broke his native land ,-valour, courage, ge
Upon the world when Hinda 'woke nerosity , love, and religion ; an admi
From her long trance, and heard around ration which occasionally induces him
No motion but the waters' sound to sympathise with illegitimate or ex
Rippling against the vessel's side, travagant exercises of such emotions,
As slow it mounted o'er the tide.
But where is she ? -her eyes are dark, -his keen and exquisite perception of
Are wilder'd still — is this the bark , the striking, the startling, and the pic
The same, that from Harmosia's bay turesque, in incident and situation ,
Bore her at morn ,—whose bloody way his wonderful command of a rich po
The sea-dog tracks ?-No ! strange and new etical phraseology, sometimes eminent
Is all that meets her wondering view. ly and beautifully happy, and not un
Upon a galliot's deck she lies, frequently overlaid with too highly
Beneath no rich pavilion's shade, coloured ornament and decoration,
No plumes to fan her sleeping eyes, his flowing, rapid, and unobstructed
Nor jasmine on her pillow laid.
versification, now gliding like a smooth
* “ A precious stone of the Indies, called and majestic river, and now like a
by the ancients Ceraunium , because mountain - stream dallying with the
supposed to be found in places where itthun-
was rocks, which rather seem to hasten
der had fallen , ” &c. than impede its course ;-all these
1
 1819.) Review.Lalla Rookh . 509
powers and qualifications are exhibited enemy of his country, his religion, and
in their utmostperfection, throughout his God . Yet the divine inspiration ,
the progress of a wild and romantic breathed from innocence and beauty,
tale, in which we are hurried on from has mingled with his existence ; and
one danger toanother,--from peril to though there can beno union on earth
peril, --from adventure to adventure , between them , he wildly cherishes and
from hope into sudden despair,-- from clings to her image,-shews his devo
the exaltation of joy intothe prostra- tion, his love, and his gratitude, even
tion of misery,--from all the bright after the fatal horn has sounded unto
delusions and visionary delights of love death,and abandons her in that ex
dreaming on the bosom of happiness, tremity, only because he must not
into the black , real, and substant ial
abandon the holy cause of liberty and
horrors of irremediable desolation , truth.
from youth and enjoyment, untamed And here we may remark, that our
and aspiring, into anguish , destiny, full and perfect sympathy goes with
and death . the illustrious Gheber, both in the ob
Indeed, to us the great excellence of jects to which he is devoted , and the
this poem is in the strength of attach- feelings with which that devotion is
ment,--the illimitable power of pas- displayed. His is no cause of doubtful
sion ,---displayed in the character and right - of equivocal justice. He is not
conduct of Hinda and Hafed ,-feel- a rebel dignified with the name of pa
ings different in their object, in minds triot, nor a wild enthusiast fighting in
so differentlyconstitutedas theirs, but support of an absurd or wicked faith .
equal in the degree of their intensity. Heis the last of a host of heroes, who
From the first moment that we behold perish in defence of their country's in
Hinda, we behold her innocent, pure, dependence;-the last of an enlight
and spotless ; but her heart, her soul, ened priesthood, we may say , who
her senses, her fancy, and her imagi- wished to preserve the sanctityof their
nation , all occupied with one glorious own lofty persuasion against à creed
and delightful vision that forever of lust, and hate, and crime.” The
haunts, disturbs, and blesses ,—which feelings, therefore, which he acts upon
has, in spite of herself, overcome and are universal, and free from all party
subdued , whatwas formerly the ruling taint ,-- a vice which , we cannot help
emotion of her nature, filial affection, thinking, infects several of Mr Moore's
and which at last shakes the foun- shorter poems, and mars their emi
dation even of the religious faith in nent beauty. Perhaps there are a few
which she had been brought up from passages of general declamation , even
a child , and forces her to love, admire, in this poem , coloured by what some
and believe that cree d , of which there may think party rather than natural
had been instilled into her mind the feelings ; but they are of rare occur
bitterest abhorrence , -till she sees no- rence , and may easily be forgiven to a
thing on earth or in heaven but in poet who belongs to a country where
relation to herdevoted hero. Hafed , pride has long struggled with oppres
on the other hand, has had all the sion .----where religion has been given
energies of his soul roused by the no- as a reason against the diffusion of po
blest objects , and the imperious de- litical privileges , -- and where valour
mand of the highest duties, before he guards liberties which the brave are
has seen the divine countenance of not permitted to enjoy .
Hinda . His soul is already filled with Another great beauty in the con
a patriotism which feels that it cannot duct of this poem is the calm air of
restore the liberties of his country , grandeur which invests, from first to
though it may still avenge their de- last, the principal agent, -- the utter
struction ,-with aedpiety that cannot hopelessness ofultimate success, yet
keep unextinguish the fires sacred the unshaken resolution of death , and
to its God, but hopes to preserve the the unpalpitating principle of a right
shrine on which they burn unpolluted eous vengeance. From the beginning
by profane hands , and finally to perish we seem to know that Hafed and his
an immolation in the holy element. Ghebers must die, -yet the certainty
He feels that with him any love must of their death makes us feel a deeper
be a folly, a madness, a crime ; but interest in their life : they move for
above all, love to the daughter of the ever before us, like men under doom ;
VOL. I, 3 T
610 Review.Stewart's Natural History. [ August
and we foresee the glory of theirend For ourselves we have but small
in theheroic tranquillity with which liking for suchthings, and consider it
they all contemplate it,-and at last less à proof of versatility than incon
are satisfied with the sweeping de- sistency, that a poet, capable of simple,
struction of thefinal catastrophe, which manly, elevated, noble, and heroic
leaves not one freeman in a land of sentiments, and familiar with the
slaves . grandest regions of the human soul,
But we are transgressing our limits, should condescend to trifleaway bis
and have really left ourselves no room time with such sickly affectations,
forpointing out the faults of this poem , however graceful, andto pursue dis
and of MrMoore's poetry in general. eased andeffeminate feelings through
We must delay this ungracious task all the flowery alleys of an artificial
to our next Number, or some other fancy. But we are determined to part
opportunity. Indeed we almost think with Mr Moore with pleasure and
this task would be idle as well as un- complacency, and therefore take leave
gracious, and feel as if we would of him and our readers witha quota
shove it off entirely upon the shoul- tion from this very poem which has
ders of more fastidious critics. thus excited our spleen ; and, truly,
We have not left ourselves room for if it contained many such passages, it
an account of the remaining poem , would have admirers enough in spite
“ The Light of the Haram .” It does of our criticism .
not seem to require any. It is a grace “ Alas ! how light a cause may move
ful and elegant trifle, that oughtto be Dissension between hearts that love !
perused in a drawing-room , richly Hearts that the world in vain has tried,
furnished with all the ornaments and Andsorrow but more closely tied ;
luxuries of fashionable life. There That stood the storm when waves were
doubtless is nature in it, and there- rough,
fore it must give pleasure to all kinds Yet in a sunny hour fall off,
and classes of readers ; but it is na- Like ships that havegone down at sea ,
ture wholly under the influence of art When heav'n was all tranquillity !
and artificial feelings; and the poethas A something, lightas air - alook,
taken the same pains, and perhaps ex A word unkind or wrongly taken
love, that tempests never shook ,
hibited the same power, in describing OhA! breath , a touch like this, has shaken .
whim , caprice, folly, and extravagance, And ruder words will soon rush in
that he has exerted on the legitimate To spread the breach that words begin ;
subjects of his art. We think he Andeyes forget the gentle ray.
might have been better employed, They wore in courtship’ssmilingday ;
though we know nobody who could And voices lose the tone that shed
havewrought such a piece of fanciful A tendernessround all they said ;
embroidery but himself. But the Till fast declining, one by one,
The sweetnesses of love afe gone ,
tinkling of a guitar cannot be endured And hearts, so lately mingled , seem
immediately after the music of the Like broken clouds,-mor like the stream ,
harp ; and we dislike to see an accom- That smiling left the mountain's brow ,
plished performer wasting his powers As though its waters ne'ercould sever ,
on an insignificant instrument. But Yet, ere it reach the plain below ,
they who love to read of lovers' quar Breaks into floods, that part for ever ! "
rels, may here find them gracefully
narrated - may learn how the Son of
Acbar became displeased with the Sul
tana Nourmahal,--how the Feast of Elements of the Natural History of
Roses at Cashmere lost all its delights the Animal Kingdom . By CHARLES
in consequence of this coolness,-how STEWART, Fellow of the Linnæan
Nourmahal got from an enchantress and Wernerian Societies. 2 vols 8vo.
a wreath of flowers, which bestowed Second edition. Edinburgh, Bell
on her an irresistible and subduing and Bradfute. London , Longman
spirit of song ,-how she assumed the and Co. , 1817 .
disguise of a lutanist from Cashmere,
and sung to the Emperor so bewitch- A PROPER elementary work on Zoom
ing a strain, that logy has long been one of our prin
“ Selim to his heart has caught, cipal desiderata in natural history :
In blushes more than ever bright, and the want of such a work in Eng
flis Nourmahal, his Haram's light.” lish has no doubt contributed material
1817.3 Review .- Stewart's Natural History. 511

ly to thwart the progress of science tion of the “ Elements of Natural

in this country. The Handbuch der History ,” as a general work , exceed
Naturgeschichte of Blumenbach is an ingly desirable, while the many in
excellent book ; but a knowledge of teresting papers which had been pub
the German language is in Britain lished in the transactions of the Lin
confined to a veryfew , andno transla- næan and Wernerian Societies, admit
tion of that, or of any of the other ted of many important alterations and
German manuals of natural history, improvements in that work as a Fauna
has hitherto been executed . Britannica .
In 1801, a work appeared, entitled, It was with no small degree of
“ Elements of Natural History,” being pleasure, therefore, that we observed
a translation in part of the generic and a second edition announced by the
specific characters in Gmelin's edition author, (Mr Charles Stewart of this
of the Systema Naturæ . To these city ) under the more appropriate title
characters were added short and judi- of “ Elements ofthe Natural History
cious notices of the habits and manners of the Animal Kingdom ; " auguring ,
of the different species, and such as from the zeal and diligence which he
are nativesof Britain were particularly had manifested in thecompilation of
enumerated and described ; by which the former one, that he would have
means, the work, besides being an in- introduced into this, such of the re
troduction to systematiczoology, serv- cent discoveries as clearly illustrated
ed , at the same time, in a great meas- the progress of zoological science, -or
ure, as a Fauna Britannica. In 1802 , at least, that he would have removed
a second volume made itsappearance, the objection which had been made to
comprising Entomology, Helminthol- the original work, as containing many
ogy ,and Testaceology, which, in con- species, which the most incontestible
junction with the former volume, con- evidence had since been adduced to
taining the mammiferous animals and prove were not really distinct from
birds,and the Linnæan amphibia and some others from which they had been
fishes completed the zoological departe separated.
ment. On a careful perusal, however , of
This production was executed with the second edition, we are sorry to find
skill and accuracy, and the introduc- th this has not always been done.
tory chapters contained a short and With regard to the general principles
useful exposition of the anatomy and of arrangement, Mr Stewart has judi
physiology of the different classes. ciously adopted the leading features in
The great attention, however, which the classification of Blumenbach ; the
the study of natural history has oflate generic characters are also correct, and
years excited in every country of Eu- he has wisely avoided the injurious
rope, has of course effected consider- and infinite divisions of the French
able changes in the science. Certain writers ; but many species are again
opinions, which at one period were given as distinct, which it is now gene
deemed incontrovertible, have been rally admitted should be referred as
proved by the sure tests of observation synonyms to other species ; and se
and experience to be unfounded ,-- and veral important discoveries in the
others, which at the same period were zoology of Great Britain , particularly
looked upon as the wildest chimeras of in the ornithological department, have
the imagination , have been shewn to been entirely overlooked and omit
have their foundation in nature and in ted. This is the greater pity, as Mr
truth . Stewart's book is still the only one of
It results, as a consequence of this the kind in this country to which the
progressive state of the science, that a young student can refer ; and from the
systematic work, however meritorious author's well known talents and ac
at the time of its publication, must, quirements, much confidence is placed
after the lapse of a certain number of in it. We are moreover informed, that
years, contain much that is obsolete it is used as a text- book by the stu
and inconsistent with what is known dents who attend the lectures of the
to be really true. Professor of Natural History in this
The improvements in the principles university ; and although the attain
of arrangement, and the additions ments in every branch of natural his
which have been made to zoology in tory, of theaccomplished Mineralogist
recent times, rendered a corrected edic who now fills the chair, enable him to
519 Review . - Stewart's Natural History , [ August
correct the inaccuracies referred to, tions of a tropical climate, and pro
they are still highly detrimental as cured, in the course of some wild and
existing ina book to which reference rapid excursion through themost sub
is necessarily so frequently made by lime region of the world , even where
his disciplesin their hours of private there is nointention to deceive, pro
study. duce an effect upon the mind of the
None are more highly sensible than beholder very different from that
ourselves, of the value of Mr Stewart's which would result from a calm and
volumes, and it is indeed that know- unimpassioned contemplation. We
ledge which renders us the more have conversed with men who had
anxious to point out their faults,-as seen alligators 60 feet long, and to
the danger resulting from these is whom the narratives of Marco Paulo ,
rather increased than diminished by concerning the famous birds in the
the general excellence of the work it- island of Madagascar, which were in
self. the habit of flying into the air with
For the present, however , we must elephants in their claws, that they
confine our remarks to a single de- might dash them to pieceson the rocks
partment ; and as ornithology is one below, did not appear by any means
of the most interesting and popular so improbable as tobe deemed entirely
branches of British zoology, we shall fabulous.
restsatisfied with pointing out a few With regard to the bird in ques .
of the discoveries which have either tion ,however, we have pretty positive
been effected , or rendered more clear proof in the writings of Humboldt,
and determinate in that science, since that its earlier histories by D'Acosta,
the publication of the first edition of Garcilasso , and others, were much
Mr Stewart's work in 1801 and 1802. exaggerated. That naturalist admits
In doing this, we shall follow the or- that they may occasionally attain the
der of arrangement adopted by Mr great size of il or 12 feet from tip to
Stewart himself, and shall chiefly par- tip of the extended wings ; but such
ticularize those species, concerning as he himself had an opportunity of
which any confusion exists in the work examining never exceeded 3 feet 3
under review, which are at the same inches in length, with a breadth , from
time ve to Britain . tip to tip of the wings, of 8 feet 9
Genus Vultur. - It was alleged by inches.
the early voyagers , that the condor Prior to the time of Humboldt, one
measured 18 feet from tip to tip of of the largest condors, of which the
the wings ; and this extreme extent is measurements were taken from the
given by Mr Stewart. Its size, how- bird in a recent state, was that shot by
ever, has nodoubt been much exag- Feuillée, in the valley of Ilo in Peru .
gerated. The first specimen ever The wings,when expanded , measured
brought to Europe was, the female exactly 11 feet 4 inches, from tip to
bird deposited in the Leverian Mu- tip ; and the French foot being equal
seum by Captain Middleton ; and to 13 of our inches, the breadth of this
within a short period, a male bird was bird must have been about 12 feet 3
procured and placed in the same col- inches . This is probably the largest
lection. The latter was very large ; bird of which the measurements are
and when recently killed , the wings recorded, as taken by a person accus
are said to have extended 12 feet from tomed to scientific accuracy ; and as
tip to tip. It was indeed alleged by the proportions of the specimen for
some to have measured 14 feet in ex- merly in the Leverian Museum , but
tent, but this was generally considered now unfortunately removed to the
as a mistake. In the 18th volume of Cabinet of Vienna, in consequence of
the Philosophical Transactions, men- the dispersion of that ill-fated collec
tion is made of a bird, probably ofthe tion, seem to have been doubted by Dr
same species, native of Chili, which is
Shaw, it may be considered as the
said to have measured 16 feet from tip
largest individual on the description
to tip of the wings. Naturalists, how-
of which we can rely, and probably
ever, cannot be too guarded in admit-approaches the utmost limits which
ting the accounts of mariners, which can reasonably be assigned to the
experience has shewn are frequently growth of this formidable species.
much exaggerated. Unaccustomed Various opinions have been formed
objects beheld under all the fascina. regarding the geographical distribution
1817. ) Review.Stewart's Natural History. 513

of this bird. It has generally been The opinion of Buffon , originally

considered as characteristic of the wild adopted under some false impression,
and mountainous districts of South that the Lammer- geyer of the Alps
America. Humboldt says it inhabits should be considered synonimous with
the lofty rocks of the Andes, imme- the condor of Peru, was no doubt
diately below the boundaries of perpe- powerfully strengthened by the sen
tual snow . timents of MM. Valmont de Bo
Buffon, whose ideas were frequently mare and De Salerne. As this point
more fanciful than correct, deemed is of some importance in determining
it scarcely possible that a bird , claiin- the specific relations of one of the
ing the highest rank among the fea- most singular birds of the old world,
thered creation, should be confined to our readers will pardon us for entering
a single region of the earth. In the into a very brief examination of the
“ Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux,” he matter.
enters into a long detail upon the sub- M. V. de Bomare's chief reason for
ject, the object of which is to prove, considering these birds as synonimous
that the birds of prey mentioned by is, that they have both a breadth of
Gesner as inhabiting the neighbour- 14 feet. We have already shewn,
hood of Tarnasser in the EastIndies, that the claims of the Peruvian bird
of the bills of which the hilts ofswords to such a measurement are at the best
were fabricated — thevultures of Sene- of a doubtful kind. In regard to the
gal which carry off children and the Lammer -geyer, however, we are for
Lammer-geyer of Switzerland, are all tunately enabled to speak with greater
referable to a species synonimous with certainty. It has, assuredly , sadly
the condor of Peru. To that species degenerated from the time of M.
he also refers the great bird men- de Bomare, as its usual breadth is
tioned in the South Sea voyages - the now only from 7 feet to 8 feet. It
famous Roc of the eastern writers, no doubt still makes “ une guerre
and the large bird of prey found in cruelle aux chèvres, aux brebis, aux
Russian Lapland, as described both chamois , aux lievres, et aux mar
by Regnard and La Martiniere, and of mottes ;” but these unamiable traits of
the nest of which a drawing is given character are likewise daily exhibited
by Olaus Magnus. in equal perfection by the ravenous
In this view , therefore, the condor, eagle.
so far from being confined to the still But M. de Salerne relates a fact
regions of the Andes, has a geographi- ( using the word in its ordinary accep
cal distribution more general and ex- tation ) which is considered as suffi
tensive than any other known species, ciently decisive on the subject. It
being found in almost every region of appears, that in the year 1719, M.
the old world ,from the most northern Deradin , who was father -in -law to
parts of Scandinavia, across the burn- M. du Lac, shot, at his Chateau of
ing sands of Africa, to the island of Mylourdin , a strange bird, which
Madagascar; and from the glaciers of measured 18 feet ( French feet) from
the Rhone and the Arveron to the tip to tip of the wings. This bird,
glowing banks of the Indus; and from it seems, was - What ? carefully de
thenceto the mountains of Chili and scribed upon the spot, and a coloured
Peru. We need scarcelyadd, that the drawing sent to the Royal Academy ?
opinion of the eloquent Frenchmanis No- This bird was eatenby the fami
without any foundation in truth . The ly at Mylourdin aforesaid, as well as
condor of America is the same as the by the natives of the Chateau Neuf
Vultur gryphus of Linnæus, -- the sur-loire ; it was found to be some
Lammer-geyer of the German writers what tough, and its flesh had rather a
is the V. barbatus of the Swedish na- marshy smell. But, adds M. de Sa
turalist, and theSenegalvulture is a lerne, I saw andexamined one of the
species perfectly distinct from either. smallest feathers of the wing, and it
As these three are the only species out was larger than thelargest feather of
of those he has enumerated, of the a swan ; and therefore, “ cet oiseau
existence of which we have any ra- singulier sembleroit être le contur ou
tional proof, it is unnecessary to say condor.” This may be a most legiti
any thing of the others, as that would mate conclusion ; but we are still of
only be combating the phantoms of an opinion, that though an entire feather,
enthusiastic imagination . after having been both seen and ex
314 Review .- Stewart's Natural History. [ August
amined , should be found to exceed the lent ornithologist, by rearing the young
largest feather of the largest swan in birds taken from the same nest, ascer
the country , that circumstance was tained that the F. cyaneus, or hen
not sufficient to convert a Lammer- harrier, and the F. pygargus, or ring
geyer into a condor 18 feet in breadth . tail, were male and female of the same
It is indeed surprising, that Buffon species. Both sexes, in a state of im
should have placed confidence in such maturity, bear the plumage of the
a vague and contradictory story. Is female.
it probable, that a bird of such extra- The merlin , Mr S. remarks, does
ordinary dimensions would have ex- not breed in England, but migrates,
cited no other feeling than the culinary and returns againin October. We are
interest recorded by M. de Salerne ? able to state, however, that its nest has
or that out of its 18 feet of plumage, been frequently taken in the north of
no vestige should remain to be “ seen England. They usually build on the
and examined,” except one of the least ground, or in a low furze bush . We
of its quill feathers. We scarcely re- have observed the merlin in Scotland
member a finer example of reasoning during the summer season, and pre
ex pede Herculem than this affords ; sume it breeds in this country also.
and we doubt whether Cuvier himself, In the genus Strix, among other
in the very spring-tide of generaliza- species, Mr S. enumerates the s .
tion, would not have beensomewhat ulula , S. stridula, and S. aluco . The
puzzled by it. The thing carries con- early synonyms of these species are
tradiction in its very front; but it was very obscure, and great uncertainty
a fact which chimed harmoniously prevails regarding theirhistory in all
with the wild theory of the Count, ornithological works . We are of opi
and as such it was recorded . nion, that the two former should be
Of this genus there is no British considered as the Brown and Tawny
species. The Falco albicilla , or white- Owls of English naturalists ; and as we
tailed eagle, was placed by Linnæus have taken these from the same nest,
with thevultures ,owing to a fancied no doubt can be entertained of their
agreement in the form of thebill ; but being the same species. Indeed , a
that arrangement was injudicious, and similar fact was recorded by Montagu
has not been adopted. many years ago. The plumage in
The genus which next demands our the English species is brown, but in
attention, is that termed Falco, which the former there is a gray , and in the
includes the tribes of eagles, falcons, latter ferruginous tinge. They are
hawks, buzzards, and kites. not, however, as Shaw and others have
Sincethe publication of Mr Stewart's supposed, tobe considered as male and
work , the “ Regne Animal” of Cuvier female, as the one is merely an acci
has reached this country. It appears, dental variety of the other , and the
from the observations of thatnaturalist, ferruginous or tawny owl being the
that the F. albicilla and F. ossifragus more common, should be looked upon
are specifically the same, the latter as the standard species. Now , as the
being in the plumage of immaturity. Linnæan species agree with those just
He likewise observes, that the F. albi- mentioned , and bear a similarrelation
caudus, or lesser white -tailed eagle, is to each other, it is probable that they
the male of the F. albicilla ; so that should be considered as also synoni
these three species should henceforth mous.
be considered as synonimous. These We are likewise of opinion, that the
facts are said to have been ascertained S. aluco has no just claim to specific
more than once in the Menagerie of distinction. In common with the pre
the Parisian Museum . ceding species, it is referable to the
The F. gentilis still findsa place in S. stridula, or tawny owl. There are
Mr Stewart's Elements. There is no many contradictory references concern
doubt, however,that that species, as ing it, which seem chiefly to result
generally described , is merely the from the general supposition, that the
young of the goshawk. We were sur- last mentioned species is distinct from
prised to find that Mr S. has continued the brown owl of Pennant. The Aluco
the F. cyaneus and F. pygargus as owl, as originally described, seems to
distinct species, notwithstanding the bear a greatresemblance to the gray
positive proof which Montagu had af- coloured variety of thecommon species;
forded to the contrary. That excel and when we observethat it is alsofound
1817.) Review.- Modern Greece. 515

in the ferrugious plumage of the tawny some other species of sandpiper. In

owl, or characteristic variety, there re- succeeding systems it should therefore
mains no adequate reason for suppos- be distinguished by the name of Tringa
ing it distinct. On examination, we pigmea.
have found satisfactory evidence of There is a species described by Pen
this variation. In the late edition of nant and Latham , under the name of
Buffon, by Sonnini, the Aluco owl Brown Snipe, found in their time only
is described as characterised by a fer- on the coast of New York . A bird in
ruginous tinge ; and a similar obser- the collection of Montagu so greatly
vation is made by Daudin , in his orni- resembles the description given by
thology . these authors, that there is little doubt
As nothing material occurs to us to of its being the same species. It was
remark in the remaining genus of ac- shot on thecoast of Devonshire in the
cipitrine birds, or in any of the genera month of October. The Red - breasted
of the six succeeding orders, many of Snipe (Scolopax noveboracencis ), is a
which are almost exclusively composed rare species, of which several are re
of foreign species, we shall pass to the cordedas having been shotin Britain.
Grallæ , oreighth order of the system . The most recentinstances of this kind ,
Several important observations have of which we are aware, are the two
been made in the natural history of birds procured by Mr Foljambe in
this numerous tribe, since the publi- 1812. Mr Stewart describes a bird
cation of the first edition of Mr Stew- called the Dunlin , under the name of
art's work, chieflythrough the labours Scoloparpusilla. We are at a loss re
of the late Colonel Montagu , who did garding the species, as there is great
much to elucidate the ornithology of confusion in the references made to it
Great Britain . in the ornithological works to which
The Ardea cinerea of Linnæus is thewe at present have access. Is the s .
female, not a variety, as Mr S. sup- pusilla distinct from the Tringa alpina
poses, of the Ardea major, or common ofLin.?
heron. In 1805, Montagu ascertain- Mr S. has continued the Jadreka
ed, that the little white heron ( Ardea snipe ( S. limosa ), and theRed Godwit
equinoctialis), was a visitant of Britain. ( S. lapponica ), as distinct species.
The specimen in his collection was Montagu received a specimen from
shot on the most southern promontory Lord Stanley, which is in a state of
of Devonshire, near the coast. The plumage intermediate between these
same author, in his supplement, mem- two species, and which, when conside
tions the occurrence of an apparently ered along with those circumstances
nondescript species, which he has which had formerly caused some
named the freckled heron ( Ardea len- doubts as to their specific distinction,
tiginosa ). This bird was shot inDor- satisfactorily proves that they are real
setshire, in 1804. It is most probably ly the same. The Cambridge Godwit
the female of some species already ( S. cantabrigiensis ), givenby Mr S.
known as native to Europe, of which as a distinct species, is considered by
the sexual distinctions are undescrib- the other ornithologists of the day as
ed . Besides these, several other rare merely the young of the Red -shank
species have been found in Britain , viz. ( S. calidris. )
the Gardenian heron (A. gardeni), As we have already exceeded the
the African heron (A. caspica ), the limits which have been necessarily as
night heron (A. nycticorax and gri- signed to this article, we must delay
sea ), and the Sguacco heron (A. our farther observations until next
comata.) month .
Since the first publication of Mr
Stewart's work, the Pigmy Curlew, one
of the rarest of European birds, has Modern Greece. A Poem . 8vo. Lon
been shot in England . It is preserved don, Murray, 1817.
in the Liverpool Museum ; and after
an accurate inspection of thespecimen , In our reviews of poetical produc
we feel perfectly ofMontagu's opinion, tions, the better efforts of genius hold
that it is not a Numenius, but a T'ringa. out to us a task at once more use
Its discoverer was probably misled by ful and delightful than those of infe
the slight arcuation of the bill, which, rior merit. In the former, the beau
however, is not more deflected than in ties predominate, and expose while
516 Revicw . Modern Greece. [ August
they excuse the blemishes. But the Pleasures of Hope," his readers would
public taste would receive no benefit not have numbered one for a hundred ;
from a detail of mediocrity, relieved yet the accessary ninety -nine, attract
only by the censure of faults uncom- ed by the seductive form in which he
pensated by excellencies. We have has actually appeared, firmly believe
great pleasure in calling the attention that they have all been regularly im
of our readers to the beautiful poem bued with a taste for genuine poetry.
before us, which we believe to be the The whole secret is, that Mr Scott
work of the same lady who last year gave to the world a series of brilliant
put her name to the second edition of romances, and turned into this new
another poem on kindred subject, made channel all who ever in their
“ The Restoration of the Works of lives read and relished fictitious com
Art to Italy ," namely, Mrs Hemans of positions. All the poets, good and bad ,
North Wales. That the author's fame forthwith wrote metrical romances
has not altogether kept pace with her from the timeofGertrude of Wyoming
merit, we are inclined to think is a re- to that of Lalla Rookh ; and tothe ex
proach to the public. Poetry is at hibition of human passion and action
present experiencing the fickleness of in well- conceived plots and catastro
fashion , and may be said to have had phes, more than to any change in
its day. Very recently, the reading their mere poetry, is to be imputed
public, as the phrase is, was immersed that powerful stimulus which several
in poetry ; but seems to have had of the masters of the present day have
enough ; and excepting always that succeeded in applying to the formerly
portion of it who are found to relish rather-languid feelings of the public.
genuine poetry on its own intrinsic ac- There needs not the fine imagery, the
count, and will never tire of the ex- exquisite metaphors, the delightful al
quisite enjoyment which it affords, the lusions, of genuine poetry to do this.
said public seldom read poetry at all. There is no want of excitability in
It was very natural for poets in their the multitude, by pathos skilfully ad
finer sympathies, to be lured into the ministered ;--the electrical effects of
mistake that, like themselves, “ the sympathy in the theatre prove it: but
million” loved “music, image, senti- these emotions are not imputable ne
92
ment, and thought, with a love cessarily to the poetical form in which
“ never to die.” They did not observe the popular sentiments are conveyed.
that the attachment was greatly too A justly admired author has lately
sudden to give reasonable hopes of shewn, that this can be done in a very
constancy. Formore than two hun- powerful manner in a prose narrative.
dred years the best poetry in Europe It is impossible to work such effects
was to be found in our own country ; by mere song, with all its imagery and
yet a very small portion of the edu- all its eloquence.
cated classes seems ever to have taken But so little is that excitement which
any warm interest in these treasures. the bulk of readers covet necessarily
How few have read Chaucer or Spen- connected with poetry, that these read
cer, or studiedShakspeare, except in ers have tired even of romances in a
the theatre. Upon what multitudes metrical form , and are regarding all
has Milton thrown away his lofty their late rythmical favourites alike,
strain ,-Dryden his fire , Pope his with that sort of ingratitude with
exquisite polish ,—Thomson his music which repletion would lead them to
and grace,-and his exquisite and im- regard a banquet when the dishes are
passioned descriptionsof nature. Poe- removing from the table. But this is
ticalexcellence addresses itself to high- no proof that these great poets have
er tastes and finer sensibilities than are forfeited their title to be admired.
bestowed on the bulk ofmankind ; and They are fixed orbs, which stand just
to all who are not so endowed, it is a where they did, and shine just as they
very tiresome sort of pastime. were wont, although they seem to de
An era however approached. “ The cline to the world which revolves the
Lay” converted thousands, and “ Mar- opposite way. But if the world will
mion” tens of thousands, and the whole turn from the poet, whatever be his
world read poetry . Had Mr Scott merit, there is an end of his populari
given out the same quantity of poeti- ty, inasmuch as the most approved
cal thoughts and images, in poems conductor of the latter is the multi
constructed like “ The Task,” or “ The tude, as essentially as is the air of the
 1817.) ReviewModern Greece. 517
sound of his voice. Profit will also “ Souls of the lofty ! whose undying names
fail, from the lack of purchasers ; and Rouse the young bosom still to noblest aims ;
poetry, high as it may intrinsically Oh! with your imagescould fate restore
seem , must fall, commerciallyspeak Patriots
Your ownand
high heroes
spiritto! your sonsonce more;
could those flames
ing, to its ancient proverbially unpro return ,
fitable level. Yetpoetry will still be That bade your hearts with Freedom's ar
poetry , however it may cease to pay ; dours burn ;
and although the acclaimof multitudes Then from the sacred ashes of the first,
is one thing, and the still small voice Might a new Rome in phenix -grandeur
of genuine taste and feeling another, burst !
thenobler incense of the latter will With one bright glance dispel th’ horizon's
ever be its reward . gloom ,
Our readers will now cease to won With one loud call wake Empire from the
tomb ;
der, that an author like the present, Bind roun d her brows her own triumphal
who has had no higher aim than to crown ,
regale the imagination with imagery, Lift her dread Ægis with majestic frown,
warm the heart with sentiment and Unchainher Eagle'swing ,and guide itsflight,
feeling, and delight the ear with To bathe its plumage in the fount of Light.”
music, without the foreign aid of tale The poem more immediately before
or fable, has hitherto written to a us is of much greater length , and, we
select few , and passed almost unno- are inclined to think , ofhigher merit
ticed by the multitude. than its predecessor. The measure is
With the exception of Lord Byron, like the Spencerian , though different.
who has made the theme peculiarly The experiment wasbold , but it has
his own, no one has more feelingly not failed in the author's hands ; and
contrasted ancient with modern Greece. the music is upon the whole good.
The poem on the Restoration of the We would willingly quote largelyfrom
Louvre Collection has , of course,more this poem , but have already outwrit
allusions to ancient Rome; and no- ten our limits. We have seldom been
thing can be more spirited than the more delighted than we were with the
passages in which the author invokes first nine stanzas, and cannot resist
for modern Rome the return of her giving the 8th and 9th .
ancient glories. In a cursory but VIII.
graphic manner, some of the most “ Where soft the sunbeams play, the
celebrated of the ancient statues are zephyrs blow ,
described. Referring our readers with ' Tis hard to deem that misery can be nigh ;
great confidence to the works them Where the clear heavens in blue trans
selves, our extracts may be limited. parence glow ,
Life should be calm and cloudless as the
The Venus restored to Florence is
thus apostrophized : sky ;
“ There thou, fair offspring of immortal -Yet o'er the low , dark dwellings of the
dead ,
Mind ! Verdure and flowers in summer -bloom
Love's radiant goddess, Idol of mankind ! may smile ,
Once the bright object of Devotion's vow , And ivy -boughs their graceful drapery
Shalt claim from taste a kindred worship spread
now .
Oh ! who can tell what beams of heavenly In green luxuriance o'er the ruined pile ;
And mantling woodbine veil the withered
light tree ,
Flash'd o'er the sculptor's intellectual sight; And thus it is, fair land , forsaken Greece !
How many a glimpse, reveald to him alone, with thee .
Made brighter beings, nobler worlds, his IX.
own ;
Ere, like some vision sent the earth to bless, Foralltheloveliness, andlight, and bloom ,
Burst into life, thy pomp of loveliness !” That yet are thine, surviving many a
storm ,
Ancient Rome is addressed with Are but as heaven's warm radiance on
much sublimity, and the Laocoon the tomb ,
most feelingly pourtrayed. The Apollo , The rose's blush that masks the canker
worm :
however, is very unjustly dismissed
with six of the most indifferent lines And thou art desolate thymornhath past
So dazzling in the splendourofits way,
in the poem. Many of the Louvre That the dark shades the night hath o'er
statues being Roman worthies, the thee cast
poem concludes with the following Throw tenfold gloom around thy deep
striking allusion to their restoration : decay.
Vol. I. 3 U
518 ReviewModern Greece. [ August
Once proud in freedom , still in ruin fair, There stands thy goddess, robed in war's
Thy fate hath been unmatched in glory array ,
and despair.” Supremely glorious, awfully divine !
After the same manner , and in the With spear and helm she stands, and
same strain of allusion, are stanzas flowing vest,
28th and 29th. Athens is thus beau- Andsculptured ægis,to perfectionwrought,
tifully apostrophized : And on each heavenly lineament imprest,
LXX . Calmly sublime, themajesty of thought ;
“ Butthou , fair Attica ! whose rocky bound The pure intelligence, the chaste repose ,
All art andnature's richest giftsenshrined , Al that a poet's dream around Minerva
Thou little sphere, whose soul-illumined throws."
round The following lines touch with a
Concentrated each sunbeam of the mind ; glowing pencil the frieze of the Par
Who, as the summit of some Alpine thenon now so well known :
height, XCII.
Glows earliest, latest, with the blush of " Mark on the storied frieze the grace
day, ful train ,
Didstfirst imbibe the splendours of the The holy festival's triumphal throng,
light, In fair procession , to Minerva's fane,
And smile the longest in its lingering ray ; With many a sacred symbol move along,
Oh ! let us gaze on thee, and fondly deem Thereeveryshade of brightexistence trace,
The past awhile restored , the present but a The fire of youth , the dignity of age ;
dream .” The matron's calm austerity of grace ,
The reader must have recourse to The ardent warrior, the benignant sage ;
the poem for much that follows in the The nymph'slight symmetry, the chief's
sameisstrain . The followi descri proud mien ,
tion not exceeded, in thatng force andp Each ray of beauty caught and mingled in
the scene.
brilliancy of poetic painting which sets
the object before us, by any poetry of ed to asother
The Elgin Marbles are allud .
follows :
the age ; the passage is introductory XCVI.
to some fine allusions to the Elgin “ Gaze on yon forms, corroded and de
Marbles, which adds much to the ele faced
gance of the poem . Yet there the germ of future glory lies !
LXXIV . Theirvirtual grandeur could not be erased ,
“ Still be that cloud withdrawn - oh ! mark It clothes them still, though veiled from
on high, common eyes .
Crowning yon hill, with temples richly They once were gods and heroes and
graced, beheld
That fane , august in perfect symmetry, As the blest guardians of their native
The purest model of Athenian taste. scene ;
Fair Parthenon ! thy Doric pillars rise And hearts of warriors, sages, bards,
In simple dignity, thy marble's hue have swelled
Unsullied shines, relieved by brilliant With awe that owned their sovereignty of
skies, mien .
That round thee spread their deep ethe- - Ages have vanished since those hearts
real blue ; were cold ,
And art o'er all thy light proportions And still those shattered forms retain their
throws godlike mould .”
The harmony of grace, the beauty of repose. The poem then gives a prophetic
LXXV. vision of the future trophies of our
And lovely o'er thee sleeps the sunnyglow , own country in the fine arts ,—the sole
When morn and eve in tranquil splendour wreath yet unwon by her, -- and con
reign ,
thysculptures, asthey smile, bestow cludes with the followinglines :
Andon “So, should dark ageso'er thyglorysweep,
Hues that the pencil emulates in vain . Should thine e'er be as now are Grecian
Then the fair forms by Phidias wrought,
unfold plains,
Each latent grace , developing in light, Nations unborn shall track thine own
blue deep ,
Catch from soft clouds of purple and of
gold , To hail thy shore, to worship thy remains ;
Each tintthat passes, tremulously bright; Thy mighty monuments with reverence
trace ,
And seem indeed whate’er devotion deems, And cry, " This ancient soil hath nursed a
While so suffused with heaven , so mingling
with its beams. glorious race !”
LXXVI . We now take our leave of the author,
But oh!what words the vision may pour- withagain,
her thatearnestlyrecommend
a hopeand we shall soon meet with
her
tray ,
The form of sanctitude that guards thy work to all the lovers of elegant clas
shrine ? sical allusion and genuine poetry.
1817.) Review . - Ewing's Geography and Atlas. 519
Ewing's Geography , 12mo, pp. 300 ; the way of teachers who may not have
and Ewing's New General Atlas, had much experience , Mr Ewing has
roy.4to. Edinburgh, Oliver & Boyd. sketched out à method of instruction,
which , being varied ofcourse according
The attention paid to the study of to circumstances,may be found of con
Geography is one of the greatest in- siderable advantage. We approve high
provements inthe modern system of ly of the plan of having avocabulary
education. Children are now acquaint- at the end of the work, comprehending
ed with the names and positions of such names as are liable to be errone
the different quarters and countries ously pronounced , divided, and accent
of the globe, at anage when their pa- ed according to the usual mode ofpro
rents had scarcely learned to read. It nunciation . We should have liked ,
is a study inwhich they generally take however, to see this vocabulary more
pleasure. Their imagination delights copious :-in one or two instances the
to expatiate over distant regions, and accent is improperly placed.
their curiosity is naturally excited by In a work which comprises within
whatever is peculiar to climates and so narrow a compass such a variety of
countries different from their own. materials, itis difficult, if not impos
To give to this curiosity its due di- sible, to avoid defects. There are some
rection, and to impart such informa- things of importance omitted which
tion as may at once interest and im- should have found a place, and some
prove the juvenile mind, is a task things inserted which might have been
which requires considerable judgment, left out. These imperfections may be
and to facilitate which should be the amended in a future edition .-- As it is,
principal object in elementary systems the work is highly creditable to the
of geography industry and judgment of its author.
This object Mr Ewing professes to A New General Atlas has been pub
have had in view in the system now lished by Mr Ewing to correspond
before us ; and for the manner in with his Geography; and we can very
which he has pursued it, he is entitled confidently recommend it as by far the
to the gratitude both of the students most elegant and accurate which we
and teachers of that useful science. have seen on a similar scale. One de
His plan we think judicious ; and cided advantage it possesses over all
the information which , with much other atlasses now in usethe advan
industry, he hascollected inhis notes, tage of having the boundaries of the
cannot fail to be extremely useful, European territories accurately deline
bothin fixing the names ofplaces more ated, as settled by the Treaty of Paris
deeply on the pupil's memory, and in and the Congressof Vienna.
storing their minds with useful know
ledge ; while, by directing their at
tentionit tolays
sity, theaproperobjects of curio
broad foundation for Harrington , a Tale ; and Ormond, a
their future improvement. The ac Tale ; in 3 vols. By MARIA EDGE
WORTH , & c. London , Hunter, &c.
count of the Solar System , given in the 1817 .
Introduction, is correct and perspicu
ous, and is well elucidated by the ac- It is a very common opinion, that
companying notes. This part of the when an author has continued to write
work we think particularly valuable. long, he must either vary the nature of
We know thedifficulty of imparting his subjects, or exhaust his invention ;
to young pupils any accurate idea of and bereduced to the necessityof re
therelative magnitudes, distances, and peating, in differentforms, what he has
revolutions of the planets; yet, with said before, or of tiring his reader by
out some knowledge of these, geogra- dull and meagre productions, in the
phy cannot be properly understood. hope that his former celebrity may give
We know, too, that many who under- thêm currency . Wehave heard fears
take to teach geography, are nearly as expressed that MissEdgeworth might
ignorant of the planetary system as have written herself out ; and that
their pupils ; and to such persons the even her fertile pen might be able to
short but clear account of it given by produce nothing in future worthy of
Mr Ewing cannot fail to be extremely her well-earned reputation. For our
acceptable. own parts, we must take to ourselves
To remove every difficulty out of the credit of saying, that we never en.
520 Review . - Harrington, a Tale ; and Ormond, a Tale. [ August
tertained such fears. The resources of thanas the once favoured and peculiar
real genius we believe to be inexhaust- people of God. Nor is itto be denied ,
ible; and if any kind of writing af- that the violent persecutions to which
fords an unlimited variety of subjects, throughout Christendom they have
it is that in which Miss Edgeworth so been exposed in their turn, the disabi
eminently excels. The endless diver- lities under which they labour, and
sity of human life and manners, will their complete separation from the rest
always save from the danger of tire- of the community, have kept alive
some uniformity the writer who can their spirit ofhostility to the professors
obs erve them with accuracy, and de- ofthe Christian faith, and engendered
lin eate them with effect. habits which may warrant ,in some
Of thetwo taleswith whichshe has measure , the opinion generally enter
recently favoured the public, the mer- tained of their character. Were the
its andthe faults are diametrically op- representation given of them by Miss
posite. In the one we have a well Edgeworth to obtain general credit,
devised story, the interest of which is that opinion would speedily be chan
sustained to the conclusion - but have ged. We regret, for the sake of this
comparatively little variety of charac- oppressed and injured people, that her
ter: intheother, thestory is less ably zeal has in this case rather outrun her
digested, while the exhibition of char- judgment; and that, by representing
acter is more ample and masterly. all her Jewish characters as too uni
The one is a fancy -piece, in which the formly perfect, she has thrown a de
powers of the artist are evidently ex- gree of suspicion over her whole de
erted to impart to her figures a mag- fence.
nitude and colouring beyond the reali- But it is time to give our readers
ty of life ;-the other is a study from some account of the tale . The hero
nature, in which the portraiture is in of it, Harrington, had been frightened
general correct, but in which the pen- at a very early ageinto a horror ofthe
cilling is perhaps too minute, and some Jews, by the dreadful stories told of
things are brought forward to view , them by his nursery -maid , who ema
which might have been more discreet- ployed their name as a bugbear to re
ly thrown into shade. duce him to obedience, whenever he
The motive which induced Miss was inclined to be refractory. His aver
Edgeworth to write the tale of Har- sion to them was afterwards increased
rington, does honour to her candour by many incidental circumstances , and
and humanity. She had received a in particular, by the prejudices of his
letter from an American Jewess, com- father,who, in his capacity of Member
plaining of the illiberality with which of Parliament, had taken a decided
the Jewish nation had been treated in part against the famous bill for the
some of her former works ; and feeling naturalization of the Jews. It was
that the censure was merited , she a- not till the sixth year after he had been
dopted this public method of doing at school, that an incident occurred
them justice. The prejudices which which led him to regard the Jews with
are still cherished, we fear, to a great less dread , and was the commencement
extent against that unhappy race ,may with some
of that intimate acquaintance
be regarded as the greatestreproach individuals of that race,which gradual
on the liberality of this enlightened ly converted his antipathy against them
age. A people,so long the special ob- into respect and affection . We shall
jects ofthe Divine dispensations, with relate the incident in his own words.
whose history our earliest and most Schoolboys, as well as men, can find
sacred associations are interwoven , on or make a party question , and quarrel out
whose religion our own was ingrafted , of any thing,or outof nothing. There was
whose country was the scene of all its a Scotch pedlar, who used to come every
most interesting events, and who, even Thursdayevening to our school to supply
in their dispersion , afford the most our various wants and fancies. The Scotch
striking illustration of that superin- pedlar died, and two candidates offered to
tending Providence by which they are supply his place an English laul the
nameof Dutton , and a Jew boy of the name
to be finally restored - might well be of Jacob . Dutton was son to a man who
regardedwith a degree of veneration– had lived as butler in Mowbray's family,
did they not occur to our memories as Lord Mowbray (with whom Harrington had
the obstinate and merciless persecut- been brought up from their childhood ) knew
ors of Christ and of Christians, rather the boy to be a rogue, but thought he was
1817.) Review . - Harrington , a Tale ; and Ormond , a Tale. 521
attached to the Mowbrays. Reminding me Shylock .'- Jacob made no reply, but he
of my early declaration at my father's table looked as ifhe felt much.-- Now tell me,
against the naturalization ofthe Jews, Mow. honest Jacob ,' pursued Mowbray, honest
bray easily engaged me to join him against Jacob, patient Jacob, tell me, upon your
theJew boy ; and a zealouspartizan against honour,if you know what that word means,
Jacob I became, canvassing as if my life had upon your conscience, if you ever heard
depended upon this point. But in spite of of any such thing : don't you think your.
all our zeal, and noise, and cabal, it was the self a most pitiful dog, to persist in coming
least and the most simple child in the school here as youdo, to be made game of for
who decided the election. This youngster twopence ? ' Tis wonderful how much your
had in secret offered to exchange with the thorough -bred Jew will do and suffer for
Jew pedlar a silver pencil-case for a top . gain ! We poor good Christians could never
Jacob , instead of taking advantage of the do this much now - could we, any soul of
child, explained to him thathis pencil-case us, think you,Jacob ?'— Yes,' replied Ja
was worth twenty tops. On the day of elec- cob, I think you could — I think you
tion , this little boy , mounted upon the top would .' Loud scornful laughter from our
of a step-ladder, appeared over the heads of party interrupted him : he waited calmly
the crowd, and, with an eagerness which fix- till it was over, and then continued ..
ed attention , related the history of the pencil- • Every soul of you good Christians would ,
case , and ended by hoping, with all his I think, do as much for a father, if he were
heart, that his friend Jacob , his honest in want and dying, as mine is.' There
Jacob, might be chosen . Jacob was elected ; was a silence for the moment : we were all ,
Mowbray and I, and all our party , vexed I believe, struck or touched , except Mow
and mortified, became the more inveterate bray, who, unembarrassed by feeling, went
in our aversion to the successful candidate. on with the same levity of tone as before :
And from this moment we determined to “ A father in want! Are you sure, now, he
plague and persecute him , till we should is not a father of straw , Jacob, set up for
force him to give up. Withoutone thought the nonce, to move thecompassion of the
or look ofmalice or revenge, he stood before generous public ? Well, I've little faith ,
' us Thursday after Thursday, enduring all but I've some charity - here's a halfpenny
that our barbarity was pleased to inflict, he for your father to begin with .'— While Í
stood patient and long suffering, and even live, my father shall ask no charity, I hope,'
of this patience we made subject of fresh said the son ,” & c. " Jacob, is your
reproach and taunt.” father good to you ?' said one of the little
Lord Mowbray, notwithstanding all boys. • He is a good father, sir, cannot
this hatred and persecution of poor Ja- be a better father, answered Jacob : the
tears started into his eyes, but he got rid of
cob , had the meanness to get deeply in them in an instantbefore Mowbray saw
to hisdebt, especially fortwo watches, them , Isuppose, for hewentoninthe same
which he had taken upon trial, and insulting tone :- What's that he says?
which he had kept for threemonths Does he say hehas a good father ? If he'd
without paying for them . Jacob in swear it, I would notbelieve him : a good
vain represented that, if he did not father is too great a blessing for a Jew !'
get themoney , he should himself be One flash of anger crossed Jacob's counte
thrown into prison ; he was only in- nance ; but the next instant he looked up
sulted and threatened ; and was at to heaven with gratitude, then down on
Mowbray, and calmly said God did not
length obligedto appeal to the higher thinkso,' sir: if man does, to that I sub
powers. Mowbray
manded, waspublicly
and sentenced repri- mit.'_ Submit, and bedd
to pay Jacob , said
Mowbray.”
for the watches in three days, or to be The insolence of this young perse
expelled from the school.
cutor at length excited
“ The next Thursday evening after that of young Harrington, the indignation
who, notwith
on which judgment had been given against
Mowbray, whenJacob appeared in the standing his violent prejudices against
chool-room , the Anti-jewish party gathered the Jews, undertook the defence of
round him according totheir leader's instruc- poor Jacob. For a reason , after
tions, who promised to shew them some wards discovered to be of the most
good sport at the Jew's expense.- Only generous kind, Jacob refused , on be
give me fair play ,' said Mowbray, ' and ing asked by Mowbray, to tell his fa
stick close, and don't let the Jew off , ther's occupation or his name. This,
for your lives don't let him break through of course, exposed him to additional
you till I've roasted him well.'- There's abuse .
your money,' cried Mowbray, throwing
down the money for the watches, take it, “ There was a large fire in the school.
aye , count it - every penny right ;-I've room ; Mowbray, by a concerted move
paid you by the day appointed ; and, thank ment between him and his friends, shoved
Heaven and my friends, the pound of flesh the Jew close to the fire, and barricadoed
next my heart is safe from your knife, him up so that he could not escape, bidding
522 Review . - Harrington , a Tale ; and Ormond, a Tale. [ August
him speak when he was too hot, and con- in America , where he had enjoyed per
fess the truth . Jacob was resolutely silent. fect toleration . Harrington was pre
He stood it till I could stand it nolonger. vented for some time from waiting on
• I would not use a dog so ,' said I .-- A Mr Montenero, who happened to be
dog! no, nor !; but this is a Jew " - A then in London; and at length his
Fellow creature,' said I.- A fine discovery !
and pray, Harrington, what has made you mother, apprised of his intention to
so tender-hearted all of a sudden for the cultivate the acquaintance of a Jew, to
Jews?'— Your being so hard -hearted ,' his great mortification, burnt the letter
said I.”—[A pitched battle took place be- of introduction , which, by some acci
tween Harrington and Mowbray. ]— “ He dent, had fallen into her hands. Chance
was far my overmatch in strength and size ; soon brought them acquainted, how
but I stood up to him . Between the blows
ever, in a manner infinitely more gra
I heard Jacob'svoice ,intonesofsupplica- tifying to the feelings of Harrington,
tion . When I had breath , I called out to
him— Jacob ! escape ! ' But instead of He had accompanied his mother and
escaping, he stood stock still,reiterating his the Mowbrays one evening to the
prayer to be heard :at last he rushed be theatre, where his attention was caught
tween us- we paused — both partiescalled by a very elegant young lady, who was
to us, insisting that we should hearwhat seated in the next box among a group
the Jew had to say. Young lord ,' said of gross plebeians, composing the fa
he ; · dear young gentleman ,' turning to mily of an alderman , in their manners
me, let poor Jacob be no more cause, now and appearance exhibiting a very
or ever, of quarre betwe
l en you. He shall striking contrast to the stranger in
troubl lastnever
e you
day, the minutmore.he will ever trouble their company. His interestwasstill
e,
you .' His voice failed : he bowed . Look- more excited by the bustle and ex
ing round to all, twice to the upper circle clamations of this ill-bred family,
where his friends stood , he added , Much when it was announced to the audi
obliged for all kindness grateful. Bless- ence ,that, in consequence of the sud
ing !-- blessings on an : and may ?-He den illness of the principal actor, the
could say no more, but, hastily takingup play was to be changed , and the
his box, he retired through the opening Merchant of Venice to be substituted
crowd .”
in its stead . The character of Shylock,
Had Miss Edgeworth never written performed by Macklin, so overpowered
any thing but this tale, the passage the interesting stranger, that she was
which we have quoted at such length ready to faint. Harrington springs
( though we have been obliged to a- forward to her assistance gets her
bridge it considerably ) would have conducted to the air - and discovers,
given us a very high idea of her to his great delight, that this is no
powers of delineating character, and other than Miss Montenero. The rest
of pathetic description. may be easily conceived . Mr Monte
Harrington, on his way to Cam- nero receives Harrington with kind
bridge, fell in with his Jewish pro- ness - esteems- loves him . Harring
tegé, on whom his kindness had not ton becomes deeply enamoured of
been lost. Jacob , eager at once to do Berenice (that was the daughter's
him a service, andknew
to remove the pre- name); and after many causes of vex
him to enter. atio and doubt, occasioned chiefly by
judices which
tain against his nation, gave him an the unprincipled rivalship ofMowbray,
introduction to Mr Israel Lyons, a who contrived to impress Mr Monte
Jewish rabbi, whounited the qualities nero and Berenice with the idea that
of a profound scholarand an accom- Harrington was subject to fits of mad,
plished gentleman -- and whose friend- ness, the scruples of his father and
ship was of essential benefit to Harring- mother are overcome, and he is blessed
ton , as he imbued his mind with a taste with the hand of Berenice, who turns
for literature, while he expanded itwith out to be a Christian and a Protestant,
the most liberal sentiments. On leave educated in the religion of her mother,
ing the university, he received from who was an English lady . “ We regret
Mr Lyons a letter of introduction to that our narrow limits oblige us to
Mr Montenero, a Spanish Jew of great postpone our further remarks on this
wealth, who had been induced by his interesting Tale, and the abstract of
horror of tyranny and persecution to the Story of Ormond, till next Num
quit his native country, and to settle ber.
1817.] Literary and Scientific Intelligence. 523

LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INTELLIGENCE.

At the suggestion of Mr Hoblyn ofSloane themselves, if the liming be annually repeat

Street, a quantity of cocoa -nut oil has re- ed . Seventy bushels of lime, properly ap
cently been introduced into this country plied, will be sufficient for an orchard of
from the Island of Ceylon . It has been as- five acres, completely stocked with full
certained , that this oil may be very advan- grown trees.
tageouslyemployed as a substitute for sper. The President and Council of the Royal
maceti oil, as it is considerably cheaper, Society of London have adjudged the gold
burns with a clear bright flame, and is free and silver medals, on Count Rumford's foun
from smell or smoke. It will be found use- dation, to Şir H. Davy, for his papers on
ful also in the manufacture of soap, candles, combustion and flame, published in the last
andthe finer articles of perfumery, and is volume of the Philosophical Transactions.
likely to become a source of great revenue The Committee of the House of Commons
in Ceylon , andof importance to this coun- appointed to investigate the important sub
try. Soap made with it costs about 10 per ject of Steam -boats and Boilers, state in
cent, more than tallow soap. their Report, that they find it to be the uni
The Royal Medical Society of Edinburgh versal opinion of all persons conversant in
have proposed, as the subject of a prize. such subjects, that steam -engines of some
essay , formembers only, the following ques- construction may be appliedwith perfect
tion:-What changes are produced on at- security , even to passage vessels ; and they
mospheric air by the action of the skin of generally agree, though with some excep
the livinghuman body ? tions, that those called high pressure en
DrD.White of Bombay having trans . gines maybe safely used, with the precau
mitted a packet, containing the seedsof tion of well-constructed boilers ,and proper
somescarce and valuable plants, to the Ca- ly adapted safety -valves ; and further, a
ledonian Horticultural Society, the thanks great majority of opinions lean to boilers of
of the Society were voted to him at a gene- wrought-iron, or metal, in preference to
ral meeting on the 10th of June. cast- iron. They have, in consequence , a
A stone, adapted to the purposes of li dopted the following resolutions, which they
thography, has been lately discovered in proposeto the consideration of the House :
East Lothian, on the property of the Right 1. That it appears, from the evidence of
Hon. the Earl of Wemyss and March. several experienced engineers, that the ex
Various successful experiments have al- plosion in the steam -packet at Norwich, was
ready been made with it by Mr Ruthven, caused not only by the improper construc
the ingenious inventor of the patent print- tion and materials of the boiler, but the
ing press which has excited such general safety -valve connected with it having been
attention . overloaded, by which the expansive force
MrGeorge Sinclair, gardener to the Duke of the steam was raised to a degree of pres
of Bedford at Woburn Abbey, states , that the sure beyond that which the boiler was cal .
larvæ of the phalence tortrices, or grubs,are culated to sustain .
often the cause of blight in fruit trees. Two 2. That it appears, that in the instances
orchards at Woburn were annually more or of similar explosions in steam -packets, manu .
less subject to the ravages of these insects, factories, and otherworks where steam -en
till the following expedient was adopted :- gines were employed , these accidents were
Immediately after the fall of the leaves, a attributable to one or other of the causes
waggon -loadof lime was placed in the orch- above alluded to.
ard , and suffered to slake by the weather. 3. That it is the opinion of this Commit
Advantage was then taken of the morning tee, that, for the prevention of such accidents
dews, topowder every part of thesurface of in future, the means are simple and easy,
the trees with the lime, while in its most and not likely to be attended with any in
caustic state. This process has been annual conveniences to the proprietors of steam
ly repeated, with such success, that since packets, nor with any such additional ex
its first adoption there has been but one pense as can either be injurious to the own .
partial attackof the insects ; and this is at- ers, or tend to prevent the increase of such
tributed to the lime used that season hav- establishments . The means which your
ing lost much of its causticity before it was Committee would recommend, are compris
applied, and to a heavy fall of rain imme- ed in the following regulations :
diately after the liming. It is essential that That all steam -packets carrying passengers
the algæ be removed from the trees · previ- for hire, should be registered at the port
ously to the application of the lime, as they nearest to the place from or to which they
not only do injury by closing the pores of proceed :
the bark, but also form the principal nests That all boilers belonging to the engines
where the eggs of the insects are deposited by which such vessels shall be worked,
during winter. When these parasitical should be composed of wrought-iron or
plants are once displaced, they never recover . copper :
 324 Literary and Scientific Intelligence. [ August
That every boiler on board such steam- when interposed between the eye and the
packet, should, previous tothe packet being sun, and the whole body marked with stripes
used for the conveyance of passengers, be of brown and yellow , disposed in regular
submitted to the inspection of a skilful en- intervals ; nor was the head its least curious
gineer, or other person conversant with the part, from its being surmounted with a fine
subject, who should ascertain by trial the crest, resembling the unindented comb of a
strength of such boiler, and should certify cock. Many persons have seen it, and all
his opinion of its sufficient strength, and of presume it to be a novel species.-- Sydney
the security with which it might be employ- Gazette.
ed to the extent proposed : Two instances of the extreme virulence
That every such boiler should be provid- and rapidity of animal poison , almost un
ed withtwo sufficient safety-valves, one of precedented in well authenticated narrative ,
which should be inaccessible to the engine. are recorded in the Sydney Gazette, as re
man , and the other accessible both to him cent information from the party at Bathurst
and to the persons on board the packet : plains.
That the inspector shall examine such The sudden death of John Wood , a pri
safety -valves, and shall certify what is the vate of the Royal Veteran Company, on duty
pressure at which such safety - valves shall atthatpost, was owing to the bite of a snake,
open , which pressure shall not exceed one which he survived only afew moments. The
third of that by which the boiler has been melancholy event took place on the 24th
proved, nor one sixth of that, which , by cal- ultimo; the fatal wound was inflicted on
culation, it shall be reckonedable to sustain : the foot, and the deceased putting his hand
That a penaltyshould be inflicted on any upon it, had scarcelytimeto implore the
person placing additional weight on either blessing of God, when he fell uponhis face ,
of the safety - valves. and instantly expired. Putrescence ensued
with unexampled rapidity, and in a few
Dr Husson has made the highly import- hours the body of the deceased became en
ant remark , that the nux vomica is very be tirely black.
neficial in paralysis which follows rheumatic The malign effects of the snake poison ,
affections, but he considers it as liable to oc- has in two instances shewn itself more dire .
casional accidents, when the paralysis has ful in the species found in the new discover.
succeeded an attack of apoplexy. This dis- ed mountain country, than any other. We
tinction ought to make medical men very mentioned the melancholy circumstances of
cautious in the use of this powerful agent. the instant death of the soldier at Bathurst,
An animal hitherto unknown here to the on his receiving the bite of one of them . A
European colonies, accompanied by two of sheep belonging to Mr Lawson was also bit ;
its young, was founda fortnight ago at Cox's it died immediately, and exhibited symp
River, in the newly discovered country. toms of putrescence in a few moments after.
From its general conformation, it may be One of them was known to advance from
pronounced a species of theJerboa tribe. Its beneath a rock to the centre of a road , as a
resemblance isabout midway between that man was passing, with the apparent inten
of the rabbitand the rat, the ears short and tion of attacking him . They are said to be
erect, like those of the former, the head generally from five to six , or seven feet
longer, like that of the latter, as is also the long, are of a disagreeable dark colour, and
tail, which is very long, but terminating have very large heads.
with a thick fur ; the weight of the animal, Mr Armiger is engaged in Researches,
to all appearance , not exceeding eight or nine and in the Collectionof Materials for an
ounces .-Sydney Gazette. English work on Physiology , intended to
A curious phenomenon recently exhibit- supply an acknowledged deficiency in the
ed itself, on board a vessel now in the Cove, elementary books of this country, to exhibit
to a party while at supper. On theopening the present state of that important science,
of a rock oyster, the shells of which were and the extent to which it is indebted to the
forced asunder with much difficulty , a small investigation of British physiology.
fish of two inches length , which had been Mr Sewell, assistant professorat the Ve
curled up in the place which the native in. terinary College , has discovered a mode of
habitant of the shell had before occupied , curing a chronic lameness ,to which hunters,
sprung out upon the table, and waspre- chargers, and other valuable horses, are lia
served alive for some time. Examined in a ble after any considerable exertion. It
glass of clear salt water, the little intruder, consists in dividing the nervous trunk, and
which had doubtless devoured its host, the extirpating a portion of it, where it enters
oyster, had a beautiful appearance when the foot behind the pastern point.
alive. Its great pliancy when in motion, A paper, by Dr Leach of the British
determines its species to be cartilaginous, Museum , has been read to the Royal So
while the back and belly, which were orna- ciety, containing some observations on a new
mented with a series of spines linked toge- genus of marine animals inhabitingthe ar.
ther by a transparent silken membrane, and gonaut and nautilus shells. It was observed
its fine curling tail, displayed the richest by Sir Joseph Banks, that the animal found
beauties to the admiring eye. The crea- in these shells is not the fabricator of them ,
ture was itself almost entirely transparent, but a parasite which has taken up its oc .
1817.7 Literary and Scientific Intelligence. 525
casional abode there when it chooses to FRANCE .
shield itself from the direct action of the Insects living in a Vacuum .- M . Biot
waves. Sir E. Homealso presented a paper has observed, that the insects called bythe
somewhat similar, detailing his remarkson French blaps and tenebrions, may be left in
the mode and period of generation of the the best vacuum that can be made by an
animals found in nautilus and argonaut air- pump for days, without their appearing
shells. He found them to be oviparous to sufferany inconvenience.
animals, to be nourished nearly like snails. New Method ofdetecting Arsenious Acid ,
Sir William Herschel, lately created a or Corrosive Sublimate , when in Solution .
Hanoverian knight, has communicated a - Take a little recent wheat starch ; add to
paper to the Royal Society on the system of it a sufficient quantityof iodine to give it a
the scattering of the stars, and on the best blue colour. Mix a little of this blue mat
mode of dividing them into classes, so as to ter with water, so as to have a blue-co
form a correct and convenient catalogue. loured liquid. If into this liquid a few drops
It is found by experiment, that the waters of an aqueous solution of arsenious acid be
ofthe Thames, oppositethe London Dock put, the blue colour is immediately changed
gates, are perfectly fresh throughout ; at to reddish brown, and is gradually dissi
Blackwall, even in spring, tides, the water pated entirely. The solution ofcorrosive sub
was found to be only slightly saline; at limate produces nearly the same effect; but
Woolwich the proportion of salt water in . if some drops of sulphuric acid be added,
creases , and so on to Gravesend . From a the blue colour is again restored , if it has
series of observations made at and below been destroyed by arsenious acid ; but if it
London bridge, compared with the river as has been destroyed by corrosive sublimate,
far up as Kew and Oxford, Mr Stevenson, it is not restored, either by sulphuric acid
the engineer, is of opinion , that the waters or by any other acid. (Brugnatelli, Ann.
of theThames seldom change, but are pro- de Chim . et Phys. iv. 334.)
bably carried up and down with the turn of New Analysis of the Meteoric Iron of
the alternate tides, for an indefinite period, Siberia.- M . Laugier has lately subjected
which , he is of opinion, may be one, if not a specimen of thiswell -known mass of iron
the principal, cause of what is termed the to analysis. He found its constituents as
extreme softness of the waters of the Thames. follow :
Lieutenant John Couch , of the royal Oxide of iron , w -68.2
navy , has invented - 1. A Celestial Gyro Silica , 16
graph , magnetically constructed , which Magnesia , 15
gives the true bearings, rising, setting, and Sulphur, wam 5.2
culminating, of forty of the principal fixed Nickel, 5.2
stars, for any hourand minute ofthe twenty- Chromium , comowana 0.5
four hours.-- 2. A Gyrontic Gonophore, for Loss, monocroma 3
more accurately surveying, either at sea or
on shore, and with more expedition and fa 113.1
cility.- 3. A Night Semaphoreoffour lights The increase of weight is owing to the
and one pointer, of ninehundred thousand oxidizement of the metals. This analysis
millions power. - 4. A Gonophore for ascer- shows us that the constituents of this iron
taining the trim of a ship at sea ; and, 5. are quite the same as those of the meteoric
A Marine Gyrograph, simplifying naviga- stones. (See Apn. de Chim . et Phys. iv.
tion . 363.)
Serpent found in Devonshire.Dr Arragonite. It will be recollected, that
Leach states, that the red viper, described after the discovery of carbonate of strontian
by Mr Rackett in a paper read to the by Stromeyer in arragonite, Messrs Bucholz
Linnæan Society on April 15, is no more and Meissner analyzed twelve specimens
than avery common variety of the young from different places'; that they found stron
viper of Britain. He also says, that coluber tian in seven of the twelve, but could de
cæruleus of the Linnaan Transactions, tect none in the remaining five. Among
col. prester and chersea of Linnæus, are these five was the arragonite of Bastènes,
also varieties of the same species, viz. of which, according to these chemists, con
vipera berus. tained nothing but carbonate of lime and a
The first Number of a new periodical little sulphate of lime. Laugier has lately
work, entitled, “ Journal ofthe Academy of examined a specimen of arragonite from the
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia ,” has just same place. He found in it traces of car
reached this country from America. It con . bonate of strontian , though the quantity of
tains, 1st, Description ofSixnew Species of that substance present did not exceed the
the Genus Firoli, from the Mediterranean, thousandth part of the weight of the speci
by MM. de Sueur and Peron, with a plate. men . In two other specimens of arragonite,
2d, An Account of the New Mountain one from Baudissero, near Turin , the other
Sheep, Ovis Montana, by Mr George Ord ; from the country of Gex, he could detect no
with awood engraving of the Horn of the strontian whatever ; but he remarks, that
Animal. 3d, A Description of Seven Ame- these specimens did not exhibit all the char
rican Water and Land Shells, by Mr Thos. acters of arragonite. That of Baudissero,
Say . though pretty regularly crystallized , was
VOL. I. 3 X
326 Literary and Scientific Intelligence. [ August
opake, and very friable. That from Gex first fasciculus of a work , entitled , Materials
has the vitreousfracture, and the hardness for a Pathological Anatomy of Domestic
of the best characterized arragonites ; but it
Animals.
is massive, and exhibits noappearance of Professor Will has just published , at
crystallization. In general, the purest, Munich, a volume on the Veterinary Art
most transparent, and most regularly cry- There is publishing in Hanover, by
stallized arragonites, are those which contain Crome, a Manual of Natural History for
the greatest quantity of strontian ; while Agriculturists. It promises to be a very
those which are impure, and mixed with popular and useful work.
sulphate of lime, either contain none, or Weber has just published the fourthpart
very little of that substance. (Ann . de of his valuable Manual of Economical Lite .
Chim . et Phys. iv. 361.) rature .
A stone, adapted to the purposes of litho- Poppe has just published the second
graphy, hasbeen discovered in the quarries volume, letters D - G , of his Technical
of Argenteuil. All the stone used in this Lexicon.
art in France has hitherto been imported Meckel and Autenrieth now conduct the
from Bavaria. Burgundy also has lately excellent Archives of Physiology, formerly
furnished some specimens, of which a trial carried on by Reil and Meckel. The few
is about to be made ; but the quarry of numbers of the new series are equal to any
Argenteuil seems capable of furnishing an of those of the old series.
abundant supply, and of the best quality. Ruhland is preparing for the press a
System of Theoretical Chemistry, according
GERMANY . to electro -chemical principles.
The great anatomical collection of Meckel Thaer is publishing New Annals of Agri.
of Halle is about to be offered for sale. It culture for the year 1817.
is only excelled by the magnificent and Henriette Schubart has lately published ,
truly philosophical museum of the late at Altenburg, a translation of Walter Scott's
John Aunter . The Meckels did not rest Scottish Ballads and Songs.
satisfied with mere preparations of parts of D. B. G. Seilevi has lately published , at
the adult human subject : a principal object Leipsic, a treatise entitled , De Testiculi
with them has been to shew , in series of descensu et Genitalium anomalis ; 4to .
preparations, the forms and condition of the Hodgson's Treatise on the Diseases of the
various organs and parts of the animal sys- Veins and Arteries has been translated into
tem , from their first appearance to their pe- the German , and illustrated with notes, by
riod of maturity ; and this cabinet is also the Counsellor of State and Chevalier
particularly rich in objects of pathological Kreysig, and Dr F. A. Koberwan.
anatomy. Á curious book has lately appeared at
Animal Magnetism is at present in high Copenhagen, under the title, ** Historia
repute in Germany, as a remedy in the cure precipuorum Arabum Regnorum , rerumque
ofdiseases. Many large works, and num- ab iis gestorum ante Islamismum , e codd.
berless pamphlets, havebeen written on this MSS. Arabicis Bibliothecæ Regiæ Slavni
subjectwithin two or three years, and even ensis collegit, vertit, Animadversiones addi
hospitals have been established , for the re- dit, Dr etPref. J. L. Rassmussen . "
ception ofsuch patients as require the aid A fifth edition of Hildebrand's excellent
ofmagnetism . Manual of Physiology has just appeared.
A periodical work is at present publishing Dr G. Hassel has published , at Weimar,
at Altenburg, under the following title : two volumes of a General Geographical and
“ Archives of Animal Magnetism ,” by Es- Statistical Lexicon.
chenmayer, Kieser, and Nasse. Friesleben, so well known by his Geog.
Barker, Wolter, and Hendricks, are pub- nostical Description of Thuringia, has just
lishing, in Holland, “ Contributions to the published the first part of a work, entitled,
Doctrine Animal Magnetism
of .” * Contributions to the Mineralogical Geo
A periodical work is publishing in Swit- graphy of Saxony. "
zerland, by a society of veterinary practi- Dr Fr. G. Dietrich has published an ad
tioners, under the title, “ Archives of Ve- ditional volume of his Gardener and Bo
terinary Medicine. ” Four numbers have tanist's Lexicon .
already appeared. There has lately appeared at Frankfort,
Neergaard has published, atCopenhagen, by Dr Diels, a systematic work on the Prin
a Description of the Teeth of Horses, with a cipal Species, Kinds, and Varieties, of Fruits
reference to those of other Quadrupeds. In cultivated in Germany.
the introduction, he gives a statement of the Dr Bährens has published an account of
external marks that may be used in deter- those Diseases that yield to Animal Magnet
mining the age of horses. ism .
Rohlwes has published , at Hanover, a Weber has published at Leipsic, a work,
work on theKnowledge and Cure of the Dis. entitled , “ Anatomia Comparata Nervi
eases of Wild Animals; and the same author Sympathici, cum tabula .”
has also published a work on Veterinary Winter of Munich has lately published a
Vedicine. Series of Lithographic Drawings of Animals.
Dr K. L. Schwab has just published the Dr Olfers has just published an intereste
1817.] Works preparing for Publication . 521

ing work, entitled, “ De Vegetativis et Ani. for thepress. This great man had printed
matis Corporibus in Corporibus Animatis nothing since 1774. His labours always ap
Reperiundis. cum tabul. ænea. peared to him not sufficiently matured'; but
Dr Crichton of Petersburg, along with his instructions are spread over theworld by
Drs Rehmann and Burdach, have publish-, thousands of his scholars. His Cabinet of
ed several numbersof a periodical work, Minerals has become the property of the
entitled, “ RussianContributions to Natur- Mineralogical Academy of Frieberg.
al Science and Medicine.” The fifth volume of Professor Hausmann's
J. Samuel has lately published a work, Mineralogical Travels in Scandinavia has
entitled, “ De Oyorum Mammalium Ve- just been published .
lamentis." 1

Sprengel has just published , in the Ger. ITALY .

man language, an interesting History of Bo. Canova has just finished acharminggroup,
tany ; and the same subject has been taken -a nymph reposing upon a lion's skin , and
up by Schultes, in his History ofBotany. a boyplaying on a lyre. He is now em
There has just appeared at Vienna, a ployed upon a statue of the King of Portu
work in 3 vols 8vo , with 135 folio coloured gal.
plates, by Dr Joseph Sherer, entitled , Professor Moricchini, of Rome, having
** Tablesofthe Anatomical Wax Prepara- discovered the magnetising power ofthe vio
tions in the Imperial Museum .” let rays ofthe prismatic spectrum , the Mar
The celebrated Danish sculptor , Thor . quis "Ridolfi has succeeded in magnetising
waldson , resident in Rome, after Canova, two needles, the one in thirty, the other in
one of the most distinguished modern art- forty -six minutes ; and can now charge
is publishing Engravings of his cele- with the magnetic power, by the same pro
brated Bas- reliefs. cess, as many needles as he pleases. The
Tiedemann,Opel, and Liboschitz, have needles thus magnetised (namely, by direct.
published thefirst fasiculas of their Natural ing on and passing over them , for a period
History and Anatomy of the Amphibia . of not less than thirty minutes, theviolet
The well-known naturalist, G. R. Tre- rays of the spectrum , through the medium
virancus has published a fifth volume of ofa condensing lens) possess all the energy
his Biology. and the properties of needles magnetised in
There has lately appeared at Munich ,an the common way by means of a loadstone.
interesting work in folio, by Wagenbauer, Their homonomous poles repel, while the
ontheArtof Drawing Landscapeson Stone. heteronomous poles attract, each other ; and ,
Dr Fr. Lud. Walther has just published made tovibrate on a pivot, their point turns
a Treatise on the different Races, Kinds, and constantly to the north, their heads to the
Varieties of the Common Dog . south ! This adds to the wonders of mag
Among the effects left by the celebrated netism , and must be regarded as a very ex
Werner, there are several MSS. nearly ready traordinary discovery.

WORKS PREPARING FOR PUBLICATION.

LONDON .
Mr John Sidney Hawkins will shortly A little volume, entitled, Plurality of
publish, in 1 vol. 8vo, an Inquiry into the Worlds ; or some remarks, Philosophical
Nature, History, and first Introduction of and Critical, in a Series of Letters, occasion
Poetry in general, but more particularly of ed by Discourses on Christianity, viewed in
Dramatic Poetry, and of that sort of verse connexion with the Modern Astronomy, as
which the Latin Poets employed in their published by the Rev. Dr Chalmers, is in
Comedies; tending to shew , from thestrong. the press.
est possible evidence, thạt poetical licenses Proposals have been circulated, for pub
are unnecessary, and that the verses of So- lishing by subscription , De Vaux, or the
phocles, Plautus, Terence , Pindar , and Heir of Gilsland, a poem , in five cantos, by
Horace, are erroneously regulated, but may Robert Carlyle. The subject is the Feud be ..
be correctly distributed without any viola- tween De Vaux, the Norman Baron of Gils
tion of the laws of Prosodia . land , and Gil Beuth of Danish race, the
In the ensuing month will be published , original proprietor of the demesne. The
a Genealogical and Biographical History of scene is laid in Cumberland during the
the Family of Marmyun ; with an account reigns of Stephen and Henry II.
of the office of King's Champion attached to Mr J. Norris Brewer has announced an
the tenure of the Barony and Manor of intention of speedily publishing Collections
Scrivelsby in County Lincoln, part of the towards a Biographical Account of His
ancient demesne of that family - containing Grace Hugh, late Duke of Northumber
a varietyof matter never before published , land .
lately collected from the public records, and Preparing for publication, in two large
embellished with several engravings. Svo volumes, illustrated with maps, * An
 528 Works preparing for Publication . [ August
!
Introduction to theCritical Study and Know- Amusements, comprisinga series of curious
ledgeofthe Holy Scriptures," by Mr Horne, and instructive experiments in Chemistry ,
sub -librarian to the Surrey Institution. This which are easily performed, and unattended
Work , on which the author has been engag . withdanger.
ed for many years, will be divided into three Miss A. M. Porter is preparing the
parts. Part I. will contain a View of the Knight of St John , a Romance.
Geography of the Holy Land, and of the The Poetical Remains and Memoirs of
Political, Religious,Moral, and Civil State the lateJohn Leyden, M. D. are preparing
of theJews, illustrating the principal Events for publication .
recorded in the Scriptures. Part II. will The History of the Riseand Progress of
treat on the various subsidiary Means for the Judicial or Adawlut System , as esta
ascertaining the sense of the Scripture - Fi. blished for the Administration of Justice
gurative Language-- The reconciling of the under the Precedency of Bengal ; with an
apparent Contradictions of Scripture - Quo- Inquiry into the Causes of Litigation, and
tations from the Old Testamentin the New, thedelay in the termination of Law Suits
with New Tables of all the Quotations in the Court of Adawlut, 1 vol. 8vo .
Applications of the Principles of Scripture Journey through Asia Minor, Armenia ,
-Interpretation to the Historical, Prophe- and Koordistan, in the years 1813 and 1814 ,
tical, Doctrinal, and Moral Parts of the with Remarks on the Marches of Alexander ,
Bible. Part III. will be appropriated to the and Retreat of the Ten Thousand, by John
Analysis of the Scriptures, comprising an M‘Donald Kinneir, Captain in the service
account of the Canon of the Old and New of the Honourable East India Company,
Testaments, together with Critical Prefaces Town -Major of FortSt George, and Politi.
and Synopses to each Book. A copious Ap- cal Agentat the Durbar of his Royal High
pendix will be subjoined , containing an ac- ness the Nabob of Carnatic, 2 vols8vo , with
countof the principal MSS. and Editions of a large map .
the Old and New Testaments of various The History of the late War in Spain and
Readings, with a digest of the chief Rules Portugal,by Robert Southey, Esq .
1 for weighing and applying them - Rules for A Work is in contemplation, and will
the better understanding of Hebraisms be shortly laid before the public, entitled ,
Lists of Commentators and Biblical Critics of “ History of the Helvetian, Austrian , A
eminence, with Bibliographical and Critical pennine,Pyrenean , and Northern Floras,”
Notices of each , extracted from authentic considered with respect to the points of ori
sources ; together with Chronological and gin from which the different families of
other Tables, necessary to facilitate the study plants have travelled to the valleys and
of the Bible. It is a peculiar feature of this plains, and become mixed together ; illus
Work, that references are made throughout trated by a Botanical Map of the regions
to the most approved writers on every topic, assigned to each.
in order to assist further researches, and thus Shortly will be published, the Life of
render the volumes a useful Manual to the Richard Watson , Lord Bishop of Landaff,
Biblical Student and to Divines. written by himself at different intervals, and
Col. Mark Wilks will speedily publish revised in 1814 ; to be published by his son ,
the second and third volumes of his His- Richard Watson, L. L. B. Prebendary of
torical Sketches of the South of India, Landaff and Wells. The Work will be
in an attempt to trace the History of the handsomely printed in 4to , with a Portrait
Mysore. of his Lordship, from an original Portrait
The Elements of History and Geography, byRomney.
ancient and modern , exemplified and illus- Memoirs on European and Asiatic
trated by the principles of Chronology, by Turkey, from the Manuscript Journals of
the Rev. J. Joyce, will soon be published in Modern Travellers in those Countries,
two Svo vols. edited by Mr R. Walpole , will soon appear
Mr Accum has in the press, Chemical in a 4tovolume, illustrated by plates.

EDINBURGH.
The Edinburgh Annual Register, for the events which took place in Scotland during
year 1815 . his life, including Witchcraft, Necromancy,
In the press, and speedily willbepublish- and the Apparition of Spectres. His Me.
ed in 4to , Mr Robert Law , his Memori. morials, which have never before been print
als of Remarkable Things in his Time, from ed , are not only highly amusing through
1638 to 1684 ; with notes by Charles Kirk- the author's turn for diablerie, but very
patrickSharpe, Esq. Mr Law was a clergy . valuable from the historical matter whick
man of the Presbyterian persuasion , who they contain .
carefully noted down the most remarkable
1817. ) Monthly List ofNew Publications. 529

MONTHLY LIST OF NEW PUBLICATIONS.

LONDON.
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530 Monthly List of New Publications. [ August
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thêque de feu M. le Comte de Mac-Carthy- Voyage sur le Mont Blanc , entrepris le
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 1817.] Foreign Intelligence.
Register.- 531

MONTHLY REGISTER .

FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE .
-

Europe. measure originated with the Finance Minisë

ter, Don Martin Garay , who, having made
FRANCE.
the proposition to theCouncil of Finance,
received from them a report, strongly re .
An extraordinary docuinent has just appear. commending the measure, and containing
ed , which , if genuine, may at some future various reflections, agreeable both to sound
period be the source of important events in policy and humanity.
this country. It is a representation of Maria Letters of the 15th ult. from Madrid men
Louisa, late Empress of France, protesting tion , that the finance decree of 30th May,
against the occupation of the throne by the notwithstanding the opposition of theclergy,
Bourbons, and claiming it for her son , both by inuendoes inthe pulpit, andelabo
Charles Francis Napoleon. This instru- rate pieces in the papers, had been favour
mentis dated February 19, 1815, and ad- ably received in theprovinces.
dressed to the Congress then sitting at Vi- The letters from Spain state, that nearly
enna ; and it bears, that the Powers there the whole of the Spanish cavalry, to the
assembled ordered it to be registered among number of 2000 , were about to be sent to
the acts of Congress, with theconcurrenceof South America . Another article states, that
the Emperors of Russia and Austria . The eleven men are to be taken by lot from each
French minister protested against this deci- regiment of the line in Spain , and the whole
sion, and refused to sign it. The London force thus assembled , amounting to about
Courier, however, asserts that the document 6000 , is to be sent to South America.
is a fabrication . The unfortunate General Lacy , it ap
The French Government, it is said , has pears, hasbeen shot at Majorca. A letter
succeeded in raising another loan to the a- from Perpignan, dated July 13, gives the
mount of three millions sterling. Thecon- following account of this event:- When
tractors are the houses of Baring and others. the Spanish government sent orders, after
We understand it was finally concluded on the sentence passed on General Lacy , to
the 230 July at Paris, at the rate of 62.50, send him to Majorca, it was because fears
being abouť 2 or 3 below the preceding were entertained that the numerous friends
fortnight. whom Lacy had at Barcelona , might be
Letters from Cambray say, that it is now able to excite a commotion in his favour.
considered as quite certain that theDuke of The most urgent representations were made
Wellington is gone to Paris, entirely on ac- in favour of the General by several officers
count of the negotiation for relieving France of the highest distinction, in order to obtain
from a second fifth of the allied army. It a mitigation of the sentence of death , but
is added , that all the allied powers do not they were ineffectual. On the arrival of
approve of this measure ; but Russia and General Lacy at Majorca, his sentence was
England have expressed themselves not dis- read to him , and he was shot on the morn
inclined to it. ing of the 5th . This officer, who had so
The Duke De Richelieu has addressed a many times shed his blood for the service of
letter to the Chapter of Toulouse, request- his country, died with equal composure and
ing their assent to a plan for restoring the firmness. “ All that I request (said he) is
Church of France to as much of its ancient to die by the hands of my ancient brethren
splendour aspossible, by creating new Sees, in arms it was on the field ofhonour, and
and re-establishing some of the most ancient. while combating the enemies of Spain , that
This is to take place with the concurrence a warrior like me ought to have finished his
of the Pope. The Chapter immediately career.' After these words, he said to the
agreed to the measure as far as it affected soldiers “ Fire !"
their jurisdiction .
The Duchess of Berri was safely deliver PORTUGAL.
ed of a daughter, at Paris, on the 13th Ju. We learn from Lisbon , by a letter of a
ly ; but the joy of the royal family upon recent date , that thirty of the conspirators
this occasion was of short duration , as the have been condemned . General Gomez
child died two days after. Friere is to be banished. Baron Eben's
fate was undecided : No confessions have
SPAIN. been made by him ; but a number of pa
The Paris papers of the 2d instant con- pers, which he had confided to a young
tain an article from Madrid, stating, that woman , to whom he was under an engage
Ferdinand has been advised to grant a ge- ment of marriage, have been secured , and
neral aninesty to his subjects ; which wise it is said their contents furnish much im.
632 Register. - Foreign Intelligence. [ August
portant infornation of the designs of the are twenty -one battalions of grenadiers,
conspirators. seventeen frontier regiments, a battalion of
The Portuguese government is said to czaikistes, a regiment of Tyrolean chasseurs,
have opened a loan of four millions, at an composed of four battalions ; twelve batta
interest of six per cent. — The squadron lions of chasseurs, of which twoare in France,
which is to convey the Princess Royal to and five battalionsare in garrison. Besides
the Brazils, has at length set sail from Lis . these, there are the cavalry, the artillery ,
bon for Leghorn. the miners, sappers, & c.
A letter from Vienna, of the 20 July,
ITALY says, that the mountain called the Huns.
By a recent treaty concluded at Paris, it ruck, in Upper Austria, has disappeared,
appears that the Duchyof Parma does not and its place been supplied bya lake . This
mountain was very high, and the country
descendto young Napoleon, but, on the de-
cease of his mother, reverts to its former around took its name from it. Since the
possessors of the house of Etruria . Young preceding month , several phenomena had
Bonaparte is to have the appanagesin Bo- warned the inhabitants that something aw.
hemia, once belonging to the Grand Duke ful would happen, and there were frequent
of Tuscany, the revenues of which are subterraneous noises heard. About a dozen
worth something more than £ 29,000 per cottages ,which were built on various parts
annum . of the hill, have of course disappeared ; but
it was not known whether any person per
GERMANY. ished in them .
The German Congress has finished its In the course of last month Switzerland
Session ; but another is talked of for the sustained dreadful damage in many parts
purpose of taking into consideration the af. by inundations. Several rivers broke their
fairs of Spain and Portugal in relation to in
their colonies .
dykes ; houses
many places ;and
andbridges
on thewere destroyed
banks of the
The project of a new constitution for the Lake of Constance many communes were
states of Wurtemberg has been brought for. laid under water. In the Oberland, the
ward. It has met with much opposition, fields, meadows, and plantations, were en
and occasioned a great deal of discussion. tirely submerged, and masses of the soil
The people insist upon the re-establishment were seen floating about, torn up by the
of theirformer rights; and the King, who fury of the waters, covered withpotatoes,
is said to be goaded on by the Emperor of vegetables, and hay. The storm had caus
Russia, seems determined to oppose them . ed great misery to the poor peasantry , al
Russian influence is said to beso great in ready suffering severely from the dearth of
these states, since the marriage of the King provisions.
with the sister of the Emperor, that the
SWEDEN.
whole of the military are now attired in
Russian uniforms. The Hamburg papers contain a singular
The new Council of State of Prussia have, letter from Stockholm , describing the meas
by a great majority, rejected the plan of ures adopted by Government for the sup
finance submitted to them by M. Bulow, pression of Foreign trade, by bringing back
the minister of finance, and have petitioned the manners of the people from modern re
the King to assemble the provincial estates, finements to the standard of their ancient
whose proper business it is to determine on simplicity. Voluntary associations
all matters of supply.
are form
for laying aside
ing in the differentprovinces,
The Paris paperscontain, under the head the use of allforeign articles, -for wearing
of Frankfort, a long memorial or remon- no clothes of foreign manufacture, for
strance to the Dietfrom the free towns of using no liquors except such as are made at
Hamburgh, Lubeck , and Bremen , on the home, -- and for retrenching all superfluous
subjectof the visit paid to the British Chan- expenses at weddings, christenings, burials,
nel and the North Seas by the Tunisian & c. This system is too artificial to last,
pirates. The memorialists state, that the and we may be assured that, however strict
captain and crew of one of theHamburghly it may be enforced for a time, it will soon
vessels have been carried into slavery, and beevaded in all points.
they have appointed a committee of five The Hereditary Prince, Oscar, was ad .
to report upon the best means of securing mitted a member of the Council of State on
the trade of Germany against these depre- 15th July.
dators.
The state of the organization of the Aus DENMARK.
trian army has been published in the Bel. The Danish Government has availed it
gian journals, from which it appears that self of the first moments of peace to remove
there are 564 generals and 380 colonels, of the burdens caused by the war, including
whom 321 of the former, and 163 of the late the extraordinary income tax , which had
ter, are unemployed . The forces are com- been imposed for eight years.
posed of fifty -eight regiments of infantry of On the 25th ult. the prisoners in the House
the line, of which six are in France, and of Correction at Copenhagen revolted , and
three in the Neapolitan dominions. There set the prison on fire ; cannons, loaded with
- 1817.] Register .-- Foreign Intelligence. 533

grape shot, were brought down and fired whole country, Augustura excepted, where
upon them . The ringleaders were tried on the king's troops are closely besieged and
the 27th bya Council ofWar , and several reduced to great extremities. Women and
of them were executed. The damage done children , to the amount of 1500 , had left the
by the fire is estimated at from 3 to 400,000 city, and all sorts of unclean animals had
crowns . been resorted to for food. It is affirmed ,
on the authority of a gentleman arrived at
Baltimore from St Thomas's, that the
america. patriots had actually obtained possession of
the place, as well as of all the country on
UNITED STATES. the Oronoko. With a view to strike some
The letters from America speak of the effectual blowagainst the royal party, before
continued exertions of the Government of the arrival of reinforcements from Spain ,
the United States in building a formidable they had collected all their forces on the
navy . river Oronoko ; and, accorţing to an account
The new President commenced in June in a Boston paper, the decisive battle had
a tour through the States, and was every already taken place . The royalists are said
where received with the most cordial de- to have sustained the impetuosity of repeat
monstrations of satisfaction. To judge from ed attacks with great firmness, but were in
the answers made by him to the various ad. the end overpowered, and compelled to fly
dresses which were presented to him as he in all directions, leaving 549 slain , and about
passed , his views are decidedly pacific. He 500 prisoners. The capture of the two
seemsaverse from shewing himself too much Guayanas was expected to be the result of
in public, and has uniformly declined to this battle, the date of which is not however
accept of any invitation to the public din stated.
ners which were offered him . There appearstobe seven patriotic armies
in Caraccas and New Andalusia , whose
THE BRAZILS . united numbers amount to 23,300 men .
The insurrection at Pernambuco never The naval force, commanded by Admiral
extended beyond the limits of that province, Brion, consists of 32 vessels of war.
and the authority ofthe insurgents was not Sir Gregor M'Gregor is positively assert
of long duration . While a naval force was ed to have sailed with a considerable force
instantly despatched to blockade the port from Charleston, and to have commenced
an army marched over land from Bahia. his operations by seizing Amelia Island ; a
This force was met by the insurgents at somecapture which may expose the movements
distance from Pernambuco , on the 15th of the Spaniards in the adjacent quarters to
May, and, after an action which lasted till serious difficulty.
night, the latter were totally defeated and Mina is saidto have been joined by 7 or
dispersed. On the 16th, Martins, the chief 800 militia in his march from Soto la
of the insurgents, at the head of a small Marina, a small town where he landed, to
column, was attacked by the royal troops, St Ander .
defeated , and taken prisoner. He was sent The independent Government of Caraccas
to Bahia, and accounts from that place, of has issued a degree permitting English and
the 12th June, state , that he had been exe- American goods to be imported for a duty
cuted there the day preceding. About of 8 per cent., instead of the 17] exacted
seventyother prisoners, who had been sent from other nations ; but promisingto these
there along with him, all persons of some other nations the same mitigation ofimpost
consideration , were about to be tried, and whenever they shall shew to the patriots the
it was expected would share the same fate. same conciliatory disposition.
While the insurgent army was engaged with
the royal troops, the sailors and marines BRITISH AMERICA .
from the fleet landed , and hoisted the royal Newfoundland papers, to the 11th June,
flag at Pernambuco, and the latest intelli- mention, that the scarcity of provisions was
gence from that place states, that tranquillity no longer felt. There had been extensive
was completely restored , and the royal au- arrivalsof provisionsfrom Halifax and from
thority firmly re-established in the province. · Ireland. The Royal Gazette, of the 27th
of May, states, that his Excellency, General
SPANISH AMERICA. Lord Dalhousie, governor of Halifax, adopt
The New York Columbian states, that the ed measures immediately to afford relief,
independents have retaken Barcelona, and and that they were carried into effect in the
mentions the receipt of intelligence, that the most prompt manner by Captain Baldwin
royalistshave been completely defeated at a of his Majesty's ship Fly, every officer at
place called the Missions, about a hundred tached
miles from Augustura .
to government using the greatest
exertion to alleviate their wants.
Bolivar is stated , in advices from Jamaica , Letters from Halifax , of the 16th , state ,
to have entered Caraccas on the 18th June, that numerous vessels continued to arrive
at the head of 5000 men , having beaten the there with emigrants from Great Britain .
royalists twice in the same day. It appears Within the three weeks immediately pre
that the patriots are in possession of that ceding that date, about 1000 individuals
Vol. I. 3 Y
634 Register.--- Foreign Intelligence. [ August
had been landed , and immense numbers rible effect. A bomb falling on the maga
were on their way to Canada. The brig zine occasioned a tremendous explosion ,
Traveller, from Leith, with 60 emigrants, which destroyed numbers in the garrison of
foundered at sea in the month of May, but Hattrass. Our loss, by the fire of the ene
the passengers and crew were saved by the my, was inconsiderable Lieutenant Court
ship Valiant, and landed at Prince Edward's land was the only officer wounded . The
Island in the gulf of St Lawrence. conduct of Scindia , in the countenance he
has given Rio Doss in his hostile dispositions
WEST INDIES. towards the British , is much blamed . A
The Jamaica papers, of the 20 June, probability might be entertained of a Mah
contain details relative to the predatory ves- ratta war, were it not for the impression ,
sels with which the West Indies isinfested . which the British arms may have made on
At Jamaica they give the appellation of the councils of the Mahratta confederates.
pirates to their crews, and denounced ven- We are concerned to announce a melan
geance against them . The trade of that choly accident, which occurred in Columbo
island seems to have suffered most severely harbour on the 27th of January, by the up
from their depredations. Nor is the evil setting of one of the boats belonging to his
likely to be lessened speedily, for Commo- Majesty's ship Iphigenia. From the ac
dore Taylor, as he is styled , a bold and ad . counts received it appears, that a party of
venturous leader, has collected no less than officers belonging to his Majesty's 73d regi
13 armed vessels in these seas. His im- ment had proceeded on board the Iphigenia
mediate object was represented to be an at- on that day, to dine with the officers of the
tackon Porto Rico, the richest of the Span- ship , and that on their return in the even
ish West India islands, and close to Sting the boat unfortunately upset, by which
Domingo. It has sustained several attacks distressing occurrence no less than seven
fromwell appointed expeditionsduring the lives were lost. Ensigns Campbell, Coane,
last three centuries, and Commodore Taylor and Hanwell, of his Majesty's 73d regi.
may therefore find himself baffled . Much , ment ; and Lieutenant Sanders of his Ma
of course, depends upon the depositions of jesty's ship Iphigeniu , two seamen , and one
the troops and inhabitants. The Jamaica boy, were drowned ; the remaining seven
Courant, of the 16th of May, says, “ In- got safe on shore.
formation from home states, that Lord Mel . The letters from the Mauritius by the
ville had forwarded to this island positive Pallas, which sailed the 8th of April last,
instructions to check in every instance the convey very gloomy intelligence of the state
piratical depredations of any flag whichmay of thatcolony. In consequence of the dread
be found annoying the commerce of this ful fire, houses of the highest commercial
colony.” character have required six and ten years to
meet their engagements. - All metallic mo
asia. neyhad disappeared ; and the Local Treasu
ry had been compelled to issue notes for
EAST INDIES . sums as low as a rupee. These are depre
Despatches overland from India have ciated in the Bazaar, and , even in exchange
been received at the East India House, for brass money, the holder is compelled to
from the Governor of Bombay, dated allow a premium . The second expedition
March 22, and communicating the im- to Madagascar has experienced as disastrous
portant intelligence of the taking of the a result as the first. Before the Pallas
fortress of Hattrass by the British army. sailed, the Musquito sloop of war was
The circumstances which led to this event despatched from Port Louis to bring back
are as follows: A chief, named Rio Doss, the survivors ; but it was feared, from the
had for some time past manifested a spirit dreadful mortality, that all the new settlers
of restlessness and encroachment towards the had perished, amongst whom was Governor
British, and, by taking possession of this Farquhar's Aide-de-Camp, Lieutenant-Go
strong fortress, his hostile designs against vernor Le Sage.
the British possessions bordering on theMah
ratta territories became obvious. Remon CHINA.
strances and explanations proving unsatis- By an edict published by the Chinese
factory, recourse was had by our Govern- Emperor, the failure of Lord Amherst's
ment to more effectual measures, by prompt embassy to Pekin is ascribed to certain im
and vigorousmilitary operations. Our army, positions practised by the minister Ho-she
composed of British and native troops, im- tay. An hour of audience had been ap
mediately took the field under thecommand pointed, but the envoys having travelled all
of Colonel Marshal, an officer of high mili- night, and their dresses of ceremony not
tary reputation. Arrived before the place having arrived, they could not present them
he summoned it to surrender ; but the ene- selves ; and the Chinese minister made a
my, confiding in his strength and means of report to the Emperor, couched in disre
defence, refused to capitulate. It was then pectful language, in consequence of which,
determined to carry it by storm - a heavy the embassy wassent back without an au
bombardment was commenced ; and bombs dience. Had the minister, says the decree ,
and Congreve rockets were used with ter- “ addressed to me a true report, I , the Em.
1817. ) Register.Proceedings of Parliament. 535
peror, could certainly have issued my com- The latest accounts from Canton state ,
mands, and have changed the time ofthe that much discontent prevails among the
audience, in order to correspond withtheir people of Cochin -China, occasioned by the
intentions in coming ten thousand miles to King nominating for his successor a son of
my court.” — The edict then censures se- one of his concubines. The Emperor of
verelythe conduct of the minister, and also China, who pretends to have a right to in
several other officers of the court, who knewterfere in the appointment of the kings of
of the imposition, but did not undeceive the that country, has expressed his displeasure
Emperor. at the nomination.

PROCEEDINGS OF PARLIAMENT.

HOUSE OF LORDS. the opinions of Attorney -Generals, but no

decision of any court of law that could be
ACADEMICAL SOCIETY .
recognised as an authority . He still con
Thursday, May 1. - Lord SPENCER pre- sidered, therefore, the circular of the Noble
sented a petition from this society, similar Viscount as unconstitutional, in attempting
to that presented to the House of Commons to interfere with the administration of jus
by Mr Wilberforce on the 28th April. tice ; and he feared it would lead to a prac
LORD SIDMOUTH'S CIRCULAR . tice productive of the greatest mischief to
May 2. - The LORD CHANCELLOR individuals. In this view, after taking
stated the result of his inquiries respecting considerable pains to inform himself upon
the cases of Spence and Hogg, mentioned the subject, and having been able to find
in the opinions of the law officers referred no competent authority to sanction such a
to in Lord Sidmouth's circular letter. With measure, he felt it his duty to bring it un
respect to the case of Spence, it appeared, der the consideration ofthe House, and on
that on the 13th of April 1801, aninforma- Monday se'nnight he should move for the
tion upon oath was sworn before Mr Ford , case referred to thelaw officers of the Crown,
then at Bow Street, by a person of the name upon which their opinion had been given ,
of Seale, that he had printed for Thomas and which was of great importance, with a
Spence a work entitled , “ Society restored view to form a proper estimate of that opi.
to its original Principles ; ” and for that nion.
work Mr Ford held Spence to bail, to ap- The Lords were ordered to be summoned
pear in the Court of King's Bench on the for Monday se'nnight.
first day of the ensuing term . On the first Monday, May 5 .-_ On the motion of the
day of the term , the then Attorney -General Earl of EGREMONT , the Landlord and
filed an information against Spence, who Tenant's Bill (the object of which , we be
was called on his recognisance, and ap- lieve, is to give power and authority to
peared . He was subsequently tried and landlords to resume possession of farms be
convicted. With regard to the case of Hogg, longing to them at the end of six months
it appeared that an information was sworn after the abandonment of the same by the
before the then Lord Mayor ( 1801), by a tenants , instead of waiting a year) was read
person who had purchased at Hogg'sshop a second time, and committed for tomorrow
the trials for adultery. The Lord Mayor week.
held Alexander Hogg to bail, to appear in TREATY WITH NAPLES.
the Court of King's Bench on the first day May 8.-- The Earl of LIVERPOOL laid
of the ensuing term , and the recognisance on the tablea copy of a treaty of commerce
was drawn up by the then Attorney -General and navigation , between the King of the
On the first day of the ensuing term , the Two Sicilies and the Government of this
late Mr Perceval having, in themean time, country.
become Attorney -General, that gentleman EXTENTS IN AID.
filed an information against Hogg, who was May 9.- The Earl of Rosslyn pre
called upon his recognisance, and appeared. senteda petition from certain persons, com
Subsequently, upon Hogg's delivering up plaining of the abuse of excents in aid, a
all the books chargedagainst, the prosecu- remarkable example of which had lately
tion was dropped . There was no opinion occurred in Bristol, in the case of a banker
given with respect to these cases, in any in that city ; and praying the Lords to adopt
other way than by the proceedings he had such measures as might appear best calcu
stated . lated to remedy the evil. Laid on the table .
POOR LAWS.
Earl GREY expressed his acknowledg
ments for the candid statement of the The Earl of LIVERPOOL moved the ap
Noble and Learned Lord , but observed , pointment of a committee to consider the
that itdid not appear that in either of the presentstate of the poor laws, and whether
cases the point had been disputed, or that any and what remedy could and ought to
there hadbeen any question raised as to the be applied to the evils of the system .
legality of the proceeding. There were only After a short conversation , the motion
 536 Register.-- Proceedings of Parliament. [ August
was agreed to, and the committee was die when any change wasmade in the state of
rectedto meet on Monday, at twelve o'clock . the Established Church in Canada, the cir .
LORD SIDMOUTH's CIRCULAR LETTER . cumstance should be communicated to the
Monday, May 12. Theorderof the day British Parliament. It had beendirected ,
being read , Earl Grey moved for a copy that when grants ofland were made, a 7th
of the case laid before the Attorney and should be reserved for the clergyman of the
Solicitor General. The debate was long and parish ; and a doubt had arisen whether
interesting ; and the motion was lost by a this was in lieu of, or in addition to , tithes.
majority of 75 to 19. By this bill was declared , that the reserved
May 13. - Lord MANVERS took the 7th was in lieu of tithes. The bishop of
oaths and his seat. the diocese had been consulted , and was sa
A bill for the regulation of certain customs' tisfied .
duties, and several private bills, were brought The Stone Bottles Duty Bill, the Metro
from the Commons, and read a first time. polis Paving Bill, and others,were brought
LIBEL LAW. from the Commons, and read a first time;
Lord ERSKINE, adverting to the discus- and the Lottery Bill was read a third time
sion of the night before on the subject of andMay
the powers of Justices of the Peace, with
passed.
23. - The Royal assentwas given
respect to commitments for libel, observed, bycommission to a number of bills.
that it was impossible that so large a ques . The Justices in Eyre and Exchequer Of.
tion , and one of such magnitude and import. fices' Abolition and Regulation Bills, were
ance, should have been fully considered and brought up from the Commons by Mr
discussed in the course of one night. A great Gilbert and others, and read a first time.
deal more must be done in order to under- LORD SIDMOUTH'S CIRCULAR.
stand what the law really was on this sub- Lord ERSKINE moved for an account of
ject, and it was on that account that he all cases in which persons were committed
thought proper now to mention , that it was or held to bail for libel, by magistrates,
his intention to move for a return of the since the year 1648. --Ordered.
precedents on this subject. After a number ADJOURNMENT . - HABEAS CORPUS SUS
of observations as tothe uncertainty of the PENSION
law , and the oppression which must ensue The Earl of LIVERPOOL rose to move ,
1 from the powers of Lord Sidmouth's cir
cular, he repeated , that if it should turn out that the House should adjourn till this day
that magistrates had the power to institute se'nnight. He took that opportunity of
search , and hold to bail for libel, hewould giving notice, that on that day he should
never rest until the law should be altered. probably have to bring down amessage or
In the mean time, he wished to have it communication from his Royal Highness
the Prince Regent to the House on the state
clearly ascertained what the law really was of
on this subject; and with that view he gave the country ; and that he intended , on
notice, that he would in a few days move the same day, to move there-appointment
for a return of precedents of the description of theCommittee which had examined and
which he had mentioned . reported on the communications before made
May 14.- The Landlord and Tenant's on the same subject.
Bill was read a third time and passed . Friday, May 30.- The Earl of Liver.
stated ,that certain circumstances had
POOL which rendered it inconvenient to
Gas-lightn occurred
A billy for
Compan London , afteranother
in incorporating some discussio
in regard to the responsibility required , was bring down the message relative to the state
read a third time and passed. of the country this day, as had been intend .
Máy 16 .-- The Catholic question called ed . He had now, therefore, only to give
forth a long andveryinterestingdebate. notice,thatit was proposed to bring down
The Earl of DonouguMORE, afteralong themessage, and tomove the proceedings
and very able speech , moved, “ That this
upon it on Tuesday next.
House do resolve itself into a Committee of The House was ordered to be summoned
the whole House, to consider thepetition of for Tuesday.
his Majesty's Roman Catholic Subjects. "
The motion was supported by the Earl of HOUSE OF COMMONS.
Harrowby, the Bishop of Norwich, the
Earl of Darnley, Lord Grenville, and Earl PETITION OF WOOL -GROWERS .
Grey ; and opposed by the Bishop of Lan. Thursday, May 1.- Mr BURRELL pre
daff, the Earl of Liverpool, and Earlsented a petition from the wool- growers in
Bathurst. The motion was finally lost by a the vicinity of Brighton and Shoreham ,
majority of 52. The numbers werecon- complaining of the diminution of the price
tents 90 ; non -contents 142.- Adjourned at of wool, in consequence of the large import
one o'clock till Monday. ation of foreign wool. He stated , that
TITHES IN CANADA. wool, within the last eight years, had fallen
May 22.- Earl BATHURST laid on the 50 per cent. The petition was ordered to
table a bill of the Canadian Parliament or lie on the table, aswas one on the same
Assembly, pursuant to an act of the 31st of subject from Essex, presented by Mr Wes
the King, by which it was directed , that tern .
1817.) Register. - Proceedings of Parliament. 537
Mr GRATTAN presented a petition from Mr BENNETT said , the author had been
the Corporation of the City of Dublin, called on to explain the inuendoes contained
against the claims of the Roman Catholics. in the last passage, and he had denied that
He must at the same time say, that he dif- he had accused the Committee of want of
fered from them totally and entirely in re- candour or impartiality , and said that he
spect to the prayer of the petition ; and meant nothing disrespectful to the Commit
though he did not agree with his worthy tee . Being again pressed to explain that
constituents , and though he would not can- part, he objected to answering thatwhich
vass their motives, still hehoped he might might criminate himself. It was the de
be allowed to lament, in their conduct on sire of the Committee to have accepted any
this occasion , what he could not presume to reasonable apology ; but none was offered
blame. The petition was laid on the table. them by the gentleman until this morning,
USURY LAWS. when he expressed his contrition for the
Mr Serjeant Onslow , in moving for passage complained of, it being merely a
leave to bring in a Bill to repeal the laws rhetorical figure of speech, and that he had
relating to the rate of legal interest, observ- directed his publisher to stop the sale of
ed , that he had the pleasure to find , last his book. The Committee had , however,
year, that he was only opposed by one gen . thought it right to bring the subject before
tleman , although severalthought it not then the House. He then moved , that the Rev.
the time for such a measure. He was hap- Mr Thirlwall should attend the House on
py that he had postponed his motion , be- Wednesday next.
cause now he was sure every one would The motion was agreed to ; and on the
agree that it was necessary, as a measure of motion of Mr BENNETT, the explanations
political economy. He thought it extreme- given by Mr Thirlwall were laid before the
ly strange, that persons should not be con- House , and ordered to be printed.-- Ad .
sidered as capable of borrowing without di- journed till Monday.'
rections expressly laid down by the Legis- Monday, May 5.- The Scots Madhouse
lature . It might as well be said , that no Bill was read a second time, and committed
man should be allowed to sell except by the for the 23d May.
direction of Parliament. The most bene. FIRST REPORT OF THE FINANCE COM
MITTEE .
ficial projects had often failed by limiting
the rate of interest by law , so that a capital In a Committee of the whole House , Mr
Ire- DAVIES GILBERT stated the views and ob
could not be raised to carry them on .
land had suffered particularly from the de. jects of the Finance Committee.
ficiency of capital, owing to the existing There were several bills to be brought
laws relating to the rate of interest. He in ; and thefirst he now moved for, was one
then movedfor leave to bring in a bill to to abolish the Chief Justiceships in Eyre.
repeal the laws which regulate or restrain A debate of considerable length followed ,
the rate of interest . as to the utility of the proposed measure ,
Mr VANSITTART would not oppose the in the course of which Lord CASTLEREAGII
bill at present, because he perfectly coincid . said hewould vote for it, to do away the
ed in the principle of the Learned Serjeant; false opinions which prevailed on the sub
but he questioned whether the public mind jectofsinecures. Itwould not be a great
was prepared for sosudden a change in that saving ; but sinecures being bad in princi
which had been so long established by law . ple, it would operate as a cure to the im
Leave was then given to bring in the bill, pression and delusion that had gone abroad.
and the House adjourned . On the question being put and carried,it
May 2.-Mr BENNETT brought up the was ordered that bills should be brought in
Report of the Police Committee ; and he for the abolition of the offices of the two
stated, that in a short time he would call Chief Justiceships in Eyre, north and south
the attention of the House to the mode of of the Trent - the office of Auditor, and
licensing public-houses. The report was four Tellers of the Exchequer -- the War
ordered to lie on the table . denship of the Cinque Ports, and the Go.
BREAOII OF PRIVILEGE. vernorship of the Isle of Wight; also two
Mr BENNETT said , he had received a other bills, to abolish the office of Commis
copy of a book, vindicating the charactersary General of Musters, and to regulate
of the Tower -division Magistrates, contain : offices in Ireland.
ing some passages reflecting on the Police The other orders of the day were then
Committee; in consequence of which he disposed of.
had summoned the author before the Com . May 6.-Mr HEATHCOTE presented a
mittee, when he avowed himself the au- petition from the Wool-growers of Hamp
thor . The book is written by the Rev. T. shire, praying for a revision of the laws on
Thirlwall, Rector of Bowden , in Essex . Wool.
The book was handed to the Clerk, and Mr F. LEWIS thought that all parties in .
he read the passages complained of. One terested would do well to let the matter rest ;
accused the Chairman , Captain Bennett, of but in the next Sessions he hoped the House
hearing evidence alone, and protested a- would investigate the matter seriously.
gainst his being tried by Committees, In- Sir CHARLES BURRELL was of opinion,
quisition , or Star Chamber. that some alteration should be made in these
538 Register.- Proceedingsof Parliament. [ August
laws, which were extremely oppressive in nified to him hisintention of returning;
their present operation. and had detained him (Admiral Beresford )
Mr CURWEN said , he was a Member of at Rio Janeiro a considerable time upon
the Committee of last Session , and the gen- this expectation.
eral opinion was , that there existed no reason No other Member offering to speak , Mr
for complaint. There had been no petition CANNING rose, and said , that in aquestion
from the Wool-growers last year ; but cer- like the present, however disguised in forms,
tainly it was a matter of very considerable he believed he felt in common with the
importance, involving a great number of Hon. Mover, and with the Hon. Baronet
interests ; and though he was happy to find also, who had spoken out more plainly ,
that it was not intended to press it this year, that it was individually and personally di
yet whenever the questioncame he should rected against himself. The Right Hon .
not oppose going into it. The misfortune Gentleman then entered into a general de
was, that wehad always been legislating on fence of his conduct, and of this transaction
particular interests ; but in future it would in particular. The motion implied, that
be wiser to take a review of all our com . Government pretended to entertain a belief
mercial and manufacturing interests, and in the return of the Royal Family of Por.
not to encourage monopolies. The woollen tugal to Lisbon ; and had availed them
manufactures were now looking up ; con- selves of this pretence, corruptly to appoint
siderable orders, he understood , had been him to a mission which he had as corruptly
received from Russia ; and therefore he de- accepted ; but he declared before God,
precated all discussion on this subject at the that he had most firmly believed that the
present moment. Prince fully intended to return to Portugal:
The petition was brought up, and ordered but theexistence and the reasonableness of
to lie on the table. such belief did not rest upon his veracity.
MR CANNING'S MISSION TO LISBON. Lord Strangford had intimated it to have
Mr LAMBTON rose to make his promised been his conviction that the Prince would
motion . He begged that the question return , and that he waited only for a squad
might be considered, notas an attack upon ron to convey him. Could he imagine that
anindividual, but as an inquiry into a mea- all this was a dexterous artifice ? He then
sure highly censurable, as being very ex- recapitulated all the facts ; and asserted ,
pensive, and utterly unnecessary.. The that he had made arrangements to go to
Hon. Gentleman argued at considerable Lisbon as a private person before he heard
length on the subject, and concluded by any thing of his appointment. After ar .
moving the following resolution :—That on guing at great length on the principle of
the 18th July 1814 , a despatch was for the case, the Hon . Member concluded by
warded from Lord Castlereagh to Mr Syden- observing, that if he had not succeeded in
ham , ordering him to confine his personal removing the charges that were brought
expenses within the usual allowances, as no against him , this would be the last time he
public grounds existed for continuing the would claim their indulgence. At the con
expenditure of his Majesty's servants at clusion of his speech he was greeted with
Lisbon on the same scale as during the war. loud and general cheering.
That it appears, that shortly after the date The debate was then taken up by Mr
of this despatch, the Right Hon . George BROUGHAM , who went over the principal
Canning, underpretence of congratulating grounds, and re-stated the main objections ;
the Royal Family of Portugal on their re- and insisted that the transaction was preci.
turn from the Brazils, was appointed am- pitate, and that the whole expence might
bassador to Lisbon , at an expense amount- have been saved . It was this point, he
ing in the whole to £18,880. That such said, upon which the judgment of the coun
an appointment is inconsistent with the try would finally be formed - whether any
previous despatch to Mr Sydenham , un- real necessity had existed for the embassy,
called for bythe circumstances of the time, or whether it was not a mere pretence to
and a most unjustifiable abuse of the pub- suit the interest of individuals ?
money
lic . Lord MILTON desired to say, that he
Lord CASTLEREAGH justified the tran- should not vote for the motion, though he
saction on the ground of the then affairs of could not acquit the Right Hon. Gentleman
Europe, and contended that the expense of all blame; and he thought the negotia
was as small as was consistent with the oc- tion between him and the Noble Lord ,
casion . which led to his subsequent appointment to
Sir FRANCIS BURDETT said , there never the Lisbon mission , not very creditable to
was in his knowledgea more complete fail. either.
ure in an attempt at defence than had been Several other Members spoke, when the
exhibited by the Noble Lord . The Hon. question being frequently called for, the
Baronet went through the question at large, House divided :-For Mr Lambton's mo
and ridiculed and censured the transaction tion 96 ; against it 270. Majority 174 .
as a palpable job. The other orders of the daywere disposed
Upon the question being again put, Ad . of, and the House adjourned.
mira] BERESFORD testified to the fact, BREACH OF PRIVILEGE.
that the Prince Regent of Portugal had sig- May 7. - The order of the day was read,
1817.] Register. - Proceedings of Parliament. 539
for the attendance of the Rev. Thomas read a first and ordered to be read a second
Thirlwall at the bar of the House ; and, time on Tuesday next.
the question being put, a long conversa- The other orders of the day were then
tion arose respecting the principle and ex . disposed of, and the House adjourned .
tent of the proceedings in the present in STATE PRISONERS.
stance, at the close of which the Reverend May 9.-Mr GORDON, seeing the Under
Gentleman was called in , when the SPEAK- Secretary ofState in his place, begged leave
ER informed him that a complaint had been to inquire whether anycommunications had
preferred against him for a publication been received at his office from the Magis
which contained reflections on one of the trates at Reading, respecting the treatment
Committees of that House. The offensive of the state prisoners in the goal subject to
passages having been read , the Reverend their inspection ?
Gentleman apologized to the House , and Mr H. ADDINGTON replied , that he
implored its mercy ; in consequence of was not aware of the circumstance alluded
which he was allowed to withdraw , and the to by the Honourable Gentleman , but if he
business was dismissed . thought proper to move for papers, no ob
A new writ was issued for Eye, in the jection would be made to their production.
room of Sir William Garrow ; and one for Mr GORDON hoped the Right Honour
Dorchester, in the place of Sir S. Shep- able Gentleman would be able to give the
herd , who had accepted the situation of required information on Monday.
Attorney -General. Sir W. Scott presented a petition from
On the motion of Mr C. W. W. WYNNE , the University of Oxford , against the Roman
a committee was appointed to consider of Catholic claims.
the best means for shortening the duration On the motion of the CHANCELLOR of
of polls, and other regulations with regard the EXCHEQUER , after a few words from
to elections. Mr J. P. GRANT, there was ordered to be
On the motion of the CHANCELLOR of laid before the House an abstract of the
the EXCHEQUER, leave was given to bring net produce of the revenue of Great Britain ,
in a bill to lower the rate of interest upon for the years and quarters ending the 5th
Navy Bills, and shorten their date to two of April 1815, 1816, and 1817.
instead of three months. CATHOLIC CLAIMS.
FINANCE REPORT . Mr GRATTAN made his motion on the
Mr D. GILBERT brought in a bill for Roman Catholic Claims this day , which
abolishing the officesof wardens and chief produced an animated and interesting de
justices in Eyre, north and south of Trent ; bate. The motion for going into a Commit
and a bill for abolishing offices of auditors tee was finally lost by the small majority of
24, the numbers being on the division ;
only 221
of the Exchequer ; which were read a first ayes
time. ; noes 245.
The other orders of the day were dispos BIRMINGHAM POOR'S RATE .
ed of, and the House adjourned at twelve Monday, May 12.—Sir C. MORDAUNT ,
o'clock . in moving the second reading of the Bir
USURY LAWS . mingham Poor's Rate Bill, insisted on the
May 8.—Mr Serjeant Onslow brought very unequal pressure of the rate at that
in his bill to repeal the laws regulating the place. Of 18,000 ground -renters, 14,000
rate of interest ,which was read a first time. paid no rate ; a great part of the town con
STEAM- BOATS. sisting of small houses let from week to
On the motion of Mr HARVEY, a Select week , and tenanted by occupiers so poor
Committee was appointed to inquire into thatit would be useless cruelty to distrain
the causes which ledto the explosion of the on them : it was therefore thought advisable
engine belonging to the Norwich and Yar- to apply to Parliament to make the proprie
mouth Steam -boat, to ascertain the best tor pay :
means of preventing similar accidents for After some conversation , in which there
the future, and to report the result of their was much difference of opinion, the motion
investigations to the House. was negatived.
MR HERRIES' APPOINTMENT. FLAX DRESSING.
Mr BENNETT made his promised motion Mr Curwen presented a petition from
in regard to the retiring salary of Mr Her- Samuel Hill and William Bundy, of Cam
ries, late Commissary in Chief, and at the den- town , praying that an invention of
close of his speech , moved a resolution to theirs might be examined by a Committee
the following effect :-Resolved , “ That of the House. Their machine would be a
the allowing of the late Commissary in great saving in cultivation , and in the dress
Chief, on the abolition of his office, to re- ing of fax. It was not liable to the general
tain £ 1,350 a -year, was an excessive re- objections against machinery, as the use of
muneration of public service, & c.” After it would give employment to 40 or 60,000
a considerable debate, the motion was ne- people, with many other advantages; and
gatived. Ayes 42 ; noes 93. would create a saving of £ 20,000,000.
Mr D. GILBERT brought in the bill for Many prisoners might also be employed by
the abolition of certain offices and sale of it. The petition was brought up and read ,
public buildings in Scotland, which was and referred to a select Committee, compos
 540 Register.- Proceedings of Parliament. [ August
ed of Lord Castlereagh , the Chancellor of into the question, as the rules of the House
the Exchequer, Mr Curwen , Mr Rose , Mr forbade it; but he hoped the Noble Lord
D. Gilbert, and others. would give an answer one way or the other.
ARMY ESTIMATES. Lord CASTLEREAGH replied , that after
· The House resolved itself into a Com the holidays, about the 1st of June, a com
mittee of Supply, and the Army Estimates , munication would be made to the House
and the Second Report of the Committee of after
concerning the internal state of the country ;
Finance , were taken into consideration . which, the same proceedings would be
Lord PALMERSTON said , he had ar proposed as had taken place in the early
ranged the statement he was to submit to part of the Session, and it would be referred
the Committee into four classes. The first to a Committee to enter into an inquiry a
referred to the amount of military establish- to the measures proper to be pursued .
ments at home. The second included the Mr PHILLIPS moved , that the House
army in France and the army in India. should be called the 2d of June.
The third related to expenses incurred by Mr J. P. GRANT, after reminding the
past services, such as Chelsea pensions, House that the first law -officer of Scotland
widow and orphan allowances,and the Mili- had stated that the conspiracies at Glasgow
tary Asylum . The fourth class regarded were not confined to the poorer classes of
the services of military establishments that the community , said, that he (Mr J. P.
were now to be reduced. After detailing Grant) knew that only one person above the
the items, his Lordship stated the reduction rank of an operative weaver had been taken ,
in point of numbers at 55,000 men, and the and he had declared that he had no com
saving at £ 1,800,000. munication whatever with political clubs 9
Some debate ensued upon the several re- £ 3000 had been offered for bail, in order
solutions, which were finally agreed to . that he might continue his occupation, but
TOLL ON MANURE. this was refused, and properly enough, as the
Tuesday , May 13. - Mr D. GILBERT man was charged with high treason ; but
obtained leave to bring in a bill to exempt he was now told, that without any farther
the passage ofmanure from tolls. He meant information , the law -officers of the Crown,
it as a declaratory bill, to amend and ex . after having confined this man six weeks,
plain the act of the 53d of the King, and discharged him without farther statement,
to remove doubts, & c. and without bail : so that a respectable in
POOR EMPLOYMENT BILL. dividual had been incarcerated six weeks
Some important discussion took place on without cause , discharged without inquiry,
the measure proposed of loans to parishes (hear, hear ! ) and left to seek redress for
upon security : in the conclusion the House the loss of his trade, character, and health ,
resolved itself into a Committee upon the in what manner he could . ( Hear, hear !)
bill, when the names of the following gen- He hoped the House would consider
tlemen were read as appointed to the Com . what manner the powers of the Act had
mittee for the object in view : Lord R. been applied , and what was to be expected
Seymour, Sir T. Acland , Mr W. Lamb, from the law -officers of the Crown : he did .
Sir C. Edmondstone, Sir James Shaw , Sir not impute motives, but mentioned facts,
J. Perring, Mr Gooch , Mr Edward Little- and he trusted some explanation would be
ton , Mr Luttrel, Mr C. Grant, sen ., Mr given.
Curwen , Mr Estcourt, Mr Casberd , Mr J. The call of the House was then fixed for
Smith, Mr H. Swann, Mr Benjamin Har- the 2d of June.
rison, Mr Reid , Chairman of the E. I. C. May 16. - Lord LASCELLES withdrew
(not a inember of the House ), Mr Thorn . his original Bill for rendering the Proprie
ton , Mr Phillips, Mrs Angerstein , Mr C. tors of Lead Mines rateable for the relief of
Baring, Mr Joseph Tierney ,and Mr Bosan- the poor, in proportion to the profits, and
quet. substituted another, which was read a first
The report was afterwards brought up , time, and ordered to be read a second time
and the Chancellor of the Exchequer nam- on Friday next.
ed Wednesday next for the further consider- On the motion of Mr Rose , the Saving
ation , which was agreed to . Banks Bill was re -committed ; and after
FURTHER SUSPENSION OF THE HABEAS some conversation , several of the clauses
CORPUS ACT . were read , and the blanks filled up. The
Mr-Ponsonby , after observing that the report was ordered to be received on Mon
present act for the suspension of the Habeas day.
Corpus would expire in July, and that the The Committees of Supply , and Ways
middle of May beingnow at hand, a period and Means, were postponed to Monday.
was approaching at which, according to all CLERGY RESIDENCE BILL .
experience, a number of members would re- In the debate upon the motion for going
tire into thecountry,begged to ask the Noble into a Committee upon the Çlergy Residence
Lord opposite (Lord Castlereagh ) if it was Bill, Mr MANNERS SUTTON moved a
the intention of his Majesty's Ministers to clause, that the Clergy should be allowed to
apply to Parliament for a further extension farm land, which was carried by a majority
ofthat power of imprisonment which had of 38 to 35. After some further conver,
already been given them ? He did not enter sation , the quantity of land to be so farined
 1817.] Register . - Proceedings of Parliament. $ 41
was limited to " eighty acres.” The Chair- the name of Poole, regarding the conduct of
man then left the chair, and got leave to sit the latter in his informations against three
again on Monday . individuals, called Parkinson , Fletcher, and
Mr GILBERT brought up the Third Re. Deacon, before a Magistrate of Staffordshire.
port of the Select Committee upon the Pub- [ This is the case in which the Rev. Mr
lic Expenditureand Income of Great Britain . Powis is concerned , against whom an action
Ordered to lie on the table. is now pending.)
The second reading of the Bankruptcy Mr H.ADDINGTON opposed the motion ;
Bill was postponed to the 8th of June. and on a division there were, for the motion
Monday, May 19.-Sir S. SHEPHERD 13 ; against it 47 ; majority 34.
and Mr GIFFORD took the oaths as mem EXCHEQUER BILLS .
bers for Dorchester and Eye.
LORD SIDMOUTH's CIRCULAR LETTER. On the motion of the CHANCELLOR of
Sir SAMUEL ROMILLY moved that an the ExchEQUER , the House went into a
address be presented to the Prince Regent, Committee on theBill for providingemploy
praying, that the circular letter addressed on ment for the poor, by the issue of Exche
the17th ofMarch last, by the Secretaryof querBills on adequate security, when
State for the Home Department, to the Lord MILTON objected to one of the
LordLieutenantsof countiesin England clauses,and proposed an amendment,that
and Wales, together with the opinion of the word " parishes” shouldbeomitted.
the Crown Lawyers referred to in it, be laid He thought it would place the country gen
before the House ; andgavenotice that he tlemen inan awkward situation ,as they must
would submit a motion on the subject on either become responsible for the money
Tuesday, June 3. Ordered. borrowed , or incur the odium of not assist
OFFICES' COMPENSATION BILL . ing the poor of their neighbourhoods.
Mr D. GILBERT moved the second The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER
reading of the Offices' Compensation Bill, defended the clause ; observing , that the
which was opposed by Sir Robert Heron, Commissioners would not feel themselves
Mr Brougham , Lord A.Hamilton , and Mr called upon to advance any sum, except in
Douglas. Upon the division there appear particular cases of extreme pressure.
The House divided on the question for
ed — ayes 105; noes 45 ; majority 60. The
bill was then read a third time. retaining the clause as it originally stood.
The House resolved itself into a Com. Ayes 23, noes 15.
mittee of Supply, when the following sums Mr LYTTLETON objected to the clause
were voted : £ 17,000 for the employment which respected the securities to be given,
of convicts athome, and £ 18,000 for bills and moved an amendment, omittingthat
drawn from New South Wales. part of it which allowed extents in aid .
The CHANCELLOR of the ExcHEQUER
The other orders of the day were then agreed tomodifythe clause, and the amend
disposed of. ment was accordingly withdrawn .
PARLIAMENTARY REFORM.
May 20 ... Sir FRANCIS BURDETT made The remaining sections were then gone
his motion for Reform inParliament, which through, andtheHouse being resumed, it
stood for this day. It was seconded by the was ordered that the report should be re
Hon.MrBrand. Lord Cochrane,MrCurwen , ceivedonMonday.
In a Committee on the Woollen Act, a
MrTierney , and Sir Samuel Romilly,spoke, resolution was agreed to, to allowthe ex
in favour of the motion; and Sir J. Nicholl
the Hon. Mr Ward, Mr Lamb, and Lord portationof bale-yarn from Ireland.
Milton, against it. May 22.- The Metropolis Paving Bill,
Thedebate was cut shortby cries of ques. and
thirdthetime
Edinburgh
and passedPolice
. Bill, were read a
tion , and the House divided . For the mo
tion 77 ; against it 265 ; majority 188 . Sir John NEWPORT gave notice, that
The other orders of the day were then he would , on the 5th of June, bring in a
disposed of, and the House adjourned at Bill to abolish the cottage tax in Ireland ,
two o'clock . and a Bill to regulate fees in civil courts in
DURATION OF PARLIAMENT . England.
May 21.-- Mr BROUGHAM gave notice of EXTENTS IN AID.
a motion for the 5th of June, for the repeal The CHANCELLOR of the ExchEQUER ,
of the Septennial Act . After some private on rising to give notice of his intention that
conversation, he fixed the 10th of June as the House, at its rising to-morrow , do ad
the day for his motion . journ to that day se'nnight, was desirous of
Mr PEEL obtained leave to bring in a stating at the same time, that it was in the
Bill to continue the insurrection act in Ire- contemplation of his Majesty's Government
land for one year. to propose, immediately after the holidays,
CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE HOME some new measure to the House, for the
DEPARTMENT .
purpose ofregulating the application ex
Sir J. MACKINTOSH moved, that there tents in aid after that time. They were per
be laid before the House, copies of all com- fectly aware, that the uses to which this re
munications between the Home office, or medy had beenappliedyere foreign to their
persons connected with it, and a person of original intention, and were such as could
Vol . I. 3 Z
512 Register . Proceedings of Parliament. [ August
no longer meet the countenance either of dry amendments agreed to. The Report
Parliament or the Courts of Justice . was then brought up, and the Bill ordered
Mr Thomson hoped that the extents in to be read a third time on Friday.
aid would be confined to debtors in chief. RESIGNATION OF THE SPEAKER.
Something ought also to be done to prevent Friday , May 30. MrDyson , the clerk ,
the enormous amount of costs . He knew a said he had to inform the House, that he
county in which the Sheriffs had in one year had received a letter from the Speaker ,
received £ 10,000 as costs. In conclusion , which, with the leave of the House , he
leave was given to bring in the Bill. would read :
The Justices in Eyre Bill, the Irish Of. “ Palace -Yard, May 30.
fices Bill, the Exchequer Offices Bill, the " Sir , It is with the sincerest concern
Board of Trade Bill, and the Irish Exche- and regret, that I feel myself obliged to re
quer Bill, were read a third time, and quest, that you will inform the House of
passed. Commons, at their meetingthis day, of my
The House went into a Committee on the inability, from continued illness, to attend
Clergy Residence Bill : several clauses were any longerupon their service.
agreed to, and the blanks filled up. “ After holding the high office to which I
On the motion of Mr SUTTON , an ex- have been raised, by their favour, in five
emption was introduced in favour of the successive Parliaments, it is impossible that
Principal and Professors of the East India I should resign so honourable and distin
College. guished a situation , without feeling the
Mr GORDON took occasion to mention , deepest gratitude for the constant kindness
that he knew a clergyman who was a digni. with which they have been pleased to accept
tary in no less than six cathedrals : he was and assist my humble endeavours to dis
prebendary in one, chancellor in another, charge its various and arduous duties.
dean in a third , and other offices, in addi. “ It was my earnest wish and hope to
tion to which he held two livings. He have continued longer in the service of the
wished to know if such an individual ought House, if suchwere their pleasure ; but the
to be exempted ? interruption of public business which has
Mr M. SUTTON professed himself un- been already occasioned by my state of
able to give a precise answer ; the case was health , and the apprehension of the same
assuredly singular. cause recurring which might again expose
After a few words from Mr GORDON and the House to the like inconvenience, have
Sir J. Nicholl, the chairman left the made me deem it necessary that I should
chair, and the House being resumed , he re- retire at this time, and have left me now no
ported progress ; and it was ordered that the farther duty to perform , than to return my
Committee should sit again on Monday heart-felt acknowledgments to the House
se'nnight. for all the favours they have bestowed upon
A Bill for the abolition of certain offices me, and to express my fervent wishes for
in the Mint of England and Scotland was the perpetual maintenance and preservation
read a first time.
of its rights, its privileges, and its independ.
May 23. On the third reading of the ence . I am , Sir, always most truly yours,
Saving Banks Bill, Mr WESTERN moved “ CHARLES ABBOT.”
that the clause allowing relief from the “ To Jeremiah Dyson , Esq . Deputy
Poor - rates be left out. The House, in con- Clerk of the House of Commons."
sequence, divided on the passing of the Bill : Lord CASTLEREAGH made a few obser.
Ayes 60 ; Noes 27 ; Majority 33 . vations in a tone of voice scarcely audible.
The order for a call of the House on the The noble Lord was understood to say, that
2d was discharged , and fixed for the 9th of from the communication now read , the
June. House , as well as he, must have felt the
The Bill for rendering the proprietors of great loss ( Hear, hear.!) which they sus
lead -mines liable to the payment of Poor- tained by the resignation of their Speaker.
rates for the profits derived from that source On this subject he was sure there could be
was opposed by Sir CHARLES Monck , no difference of opinion ( Hear, hear, hear !
and after some debate a division took place ; from the opposition ) ; and he felt it to be
for the second reading 29 ; against it 22 ; quite unnecessary todwell on the merits of
majority
7. the Speaker, which were so long and so well
The CHANCELLOR of the ExchEQUER known. ( Hear, hear, hear ! ) He would
moved, that the House at its rising should merely propose that the House adjourn till
adjourn till this day se'nnight. Ordered . Monday next, when it was probable the
he
The Irish Insurrection Bill was read a should have a communication from
second time. Prince Regent, marking the estimation in
The Poor Employment Bill was , after a which the Speaker was held by that illus
few words from Mr WESTERN , read a trious person ; and when the House could
third time and passed . proceed to the election of a new Speaker.
The Salt Bill was re -committed, and sun . Adjourned till Monday.
1817.) Register. - British Chronicle. 543

BRITISH CHRONICLE .
JUNE . a knowledge of the most approved im
Waterloo Subscription . Generalaccount plements. It has since been his object to
of the Waterloo subscription to the 31st introduce the modern husbandry of andthis
May 1817. country into his extensive domains ;
Amount received by the Committee, and in with this view he has held out great en
creased by dividends on stock, interest couragement to these emigrants, who are to
on Exchequer bills, and profit on stock have farms on leases of twenty -five years, at
sold , £ 518,288 9 11 a very low rent, upon one of his estates, to
which, from respect to this country , he has
APPROPRIATION. given the name of Scotia. It is his further
Annuities granted for life to intention, we understand , to procure a
the widows, wounded non Presbyterian clergyman and schoolmaster
commissioned officers, and for the colony. With those farmers of capi.
privates totally disabled , tal who may wish to engage in larger con
and to dependentrelatives, £ 11,783 00 cerns on his estates, Count Paç has declared
Annuities granted for limited himself ready to treat upon very liberal
periods to the children of terms; his object, it appears, being rather
officers, non - commissioned to lay the foundation of a better system of
officers, and privates, and agriculture, by means of the superior know
to orphans, 9,209 00 ledge and industry of Scotsmen , than any
immediate increase of his income. [ The
Total amount of annuities, £20,992 0 0 colony reached Koningsberg in good health
and spirits, after a short passage of eight
VOTED IN MONEY. days, and soon after proceeded to the Count's
"To the wounded officers, non residence of Dowspuda, about a hundred
commissioned officers, and miles distant. ]
privates, £71,126 0 0 6.- Trial for Libel.-- Mr T. J. Wooler,
To the parents and dependent a printer, and author of a periodical work
relatives of officers, non called The Black Dwarf, was brought to
commissioned officers, and trial yesterday in the Court of King's Bench,
privates killed , leaving no which was excessively crowded , the case
widows or children , 28,577 0 0 having excited a very great degree of inte
To the foreign troops, 62,500 0 0 rest. The defendant was tried on two ex
officio informations. Thefirst charged him
Total voted in money , £ 162,203 0 0 with having libelled the King's administra
tion of public affairs, for the purpose of ex
2.- Furious Driving. A dreadful acci- citing discontent and disaffection , and also
dent lately happened at Prescot, in conse- with having libelled Lord Castlereagh and
quence of a coach upsetting, by which one Mr Canning, two of hisMajesty's ministers.
person was killed, and several others dread . The second charged the defendant with
fully wounded. Mr John Ritchie of Liver. having libelled the Constitution, the Houses
pool was one of the unfortunate sufferers. of Lords and Commons, and the right of
He referred the damages in his case to ar- petitioning the said Houses, for the purpose
bitration, which was finally settled on of inflaming the minds of hisMajesty's sub
Thursday, when the proprietors of the jects. The defendant pleaded his own cause
coach were awarded to pay him seven hun- with considerable force and eloquence.
dred and fifty pounds. From the evidence Many parts of his speeches excited the ap .
of some of the witnesses that were exa- plause of the crowd who were assembled,
mined, the conduct of the driver appears to and who, on the other hand , were not slow
have been most brutal. One of the wit- in expressing their disapprobation of the
nesses, a female, who has resided on the addresses of the Attorney-General. These
spot where the accident happened many interruptions, so highly improper in a court
years, said , that she had never before seen of justice, were commented on with be.
a coach go at so furious a rate, except one coming severity by Mr Justice Abbot, who
some years back , and it was upset in exactly presided on the occasion . A verdict of
the same place. Guilty was recorded against Mr Wooler on
4.- Emigration to Poland . The Helen , the first information ; but Mr Chitty inti
Charteris, sailed this day from Leith for mated to his Lordship, in the course of the
Koningsberg, with fifty -one passengers on day, that three of the jury protested against
board, who intend to settle as farmers the verdict as illegal, it being contrary to
on the estate of Lieutenant-General Count their sentiments. He stated, that they had
Paç, a Polish nobleman of immense landed agreed on a verdict of Guilty, qualified as
property in Poland and Lithuania . The follows : “ As truth is declared by the law
Count himself, two years ago, resided some of the land to be a libel, we three are com
time in Scotland, and carefully inspected pelled to find the defendant guilty :” — but
the best cultivated districts, and obtained the Court refusing to receive any but a sim .
314 Register. - British Chronicle. [ August
ple verdict, the foreman, without their the Provost and newCouncillors should be
knowledge, had given a general one of by ballot, each member being voted for
Guilty. A motion was this day made in seriatim : the same method was adopted
arrest of judgment; and, after some plead- at the election at Michaelmas last. Soon
ing, a new trial was ordered . On the se- after the election , several constituent mem
cond information , a verdict of Not guilty bers of the Council of the preceding year
was returned , which was loudly cheered by presented a petition and complaint to the
the spectators. Court, founding on the different acts of
9.- National Monuments. The com- Parliament respecting elections, and pray
mitteeappointed for receiving and deciding ing their Lordships to find the late election
upon the merits of the several designsoffered of Magistrates and Council of Montrose
for the Waterloo and Trafalgarmonuments, null and void, and contrary to law . The
on Wednesday held their final meeting at Magistrates in office defended their election
Argyll-house, London , when Messrs Wil- on various grounds ; in particular, that the
kins, Gandy, and Smirke, attended with complainers had no right or title to com
their designs, exhibiting the various altera plain ; that they had acquiesced in the mode
tions suggested by the committee . The of election at the time; that they were
report tothe Treasury was agreed upon, themselves elected the preceding yearby the
and the buildings will be immediately car- same mode they now challenged ; and at all
ried into execution . The monuments are events, the election could not be set aside ,
each to be about 280 feet high ; the addi- even supposing the use of the ballot to be
tional cost of the Waterloo is occasioned found an illegal mode of election, there
principally by embellishments and sculp- being a legal majority of Magistrates and
tures. The design for Trafalgar is a plain Council continued ex officiis, independent
octangular structure, 45 feet in diameter at of the numbers elected by ballot. Very
the base, raised upon a magnificent flight of able and ingenious arguments were used
steps, and surmounted with a naval coronet. on both sides ; but the Judges were of
The Waterloo is an ornamental tower of opinion that the use of the ballot was ille
therefore
gal, andreduced
three orders of columns, around the base of mously their Lordships unani
which is a circular colonnade. and set aside the election .
12 .-- Thunder Storm . On Tuesday fore- The Magistrates have acquiesced in the in
noon, Edinburgh was visited by a most tre- terlocutor of the Court, and their functions
mendous storm of thunder, hail, and rain. are therefore at an end. Very little incon
The lightning was remarkably vivid ; and venience, however, is likely to arise to the
the peals of thunder, which succeeded each inhabitants from this decision, as an appli
other in rapid succession, were awfully cation was immediately made to the Court,
loud ; while hail in large pieces, and rain, to appoint proper persons to give infeftment
descended in torrents. Several chimney tops within burgh , and to take charge of the
were thrown down , and houses unroofed ; revenue and patrimonial interests of the
and two persons were struck by the light- town ; and a petition being presented to the
ning, one of whom was deprived for a time Sheriff-depute, to grant a substitution of
of every faculty, but happily no lives were power to a fit person, in the mean time he
lost. Immediately after the storın had sub- has appointed Charles Barclay, Esq . his
sided, the surrounding heights exhibited substitute within the burgh and its liber
for a short time all the appearance of win- ties ; and prompt measures have also been
ter, being capped with snow or hailstones. taken to prepare a petition to the Prince
About fouro'clock another storm passed in Regent, to issue a warrant fora new elec
the same direction, but it was neither 60 tion of Magistrates and Council.
violent nor so long in duration. The storm 18.- Trial for High Treason . - On Mon
was felt at Perth , Dundee, and Cupar, day, in Westminster Hall,the trial of James
northward , and at Kelso , Newcastle, Hull, Watson , senior, which had occupied the
and York, southward , with various degrees whole of last week, concluded by a verdict
of violence , but happily did no serious ' from the Jury of Not Guilty. Three others,
damage, except at Dundee and Cupar, namely Thistlewood, Hooper, and Preston,
where the hail destroyed a number of fruit were indicted for high treason along with
trees and bushes ; at the former place the Watson, but the Court proceeded only with
stones were two inches in circumference. the trial of the latter ; and in consequence
14.- Burgh of Montrose. On Saturday of the verdict in his case , the Attorney -Ge
last, a question highly interesting to the neral declined calling evidence against his
burghs of Scotland was decided in the Court companions, who were therefore set at liber
of Session. By this decision the burgh of ty on Tuesday. Watson's counsel (Mr
Montrose has for the present lost its political Wetherall and Mr Sergeant Copley ) ground
rights and privileges. For some years past, ed their successful defence on the want of
the mode of electing the Magistrates and proof of a treasonable conspiracy, excepting
Council, as it had obtained by marking the in the testimony of Castles, an accomplice ,
votes by scores, was thought to be attended whom they stigmatised as too infamous to
be believed ; and whoseofcross
with many inconveniences and disadvan- disclosed examination
tages ; and at the annual election at Mi. such a course villany as seldom
chaelmas 1815, it was resolved , that in meets the cars of a jury. He had been ap
place of the former practice, the election of prehended for forgery, and turned king's
 Register. — British Chronicle. 545
1617.]
evidence against his companion, who was Brought forward, £ 6,165,559
hanged ; he had been committed to jail for Money remaining at the disposal
aiding the escape of a French prisoner of of Parliament,of the consolida
rank , whom he meant only to betray'; he ted fund, at April 5, 1817 122,597
had deserted his wife, and lived in a brothel Lottery 250,000
as a bully . After the first Spafield's meet- Old Stores 400,000
ing, at a dinner with the promoters of the Arrears of property tax received,
meeting, he gave as a toast, “ May the last or to be received , between 5th
of kings be strangled in the guts of the last April 1817 and 5th April 1818 1,500,000
of priests.” He had also endeavoured to
entrap Mr Hunt, by meeting him before he 9,541,537
went to Spafields on the 2d December, and Irish Treasury bills £ 3,600,000
telling him that the meeting was over, and Exchequer bills 9,000,000
the Tower already taken , urging him to -12,600,000
drive thither in his tandem . The counsel
for Watson argued that the indictment £ 22,141,537
should at most have been laid for a rebel. SUPPLIES.

lious riot; the participation of the prisoners Army, including £ 1,500,000 for
in the outrages of the 20 December they extraordinaries, and exclusive
did not attempt to disprove,-- and scarcely of troops in France £ 9,080,000
denied it; but the Jury, discrediting alto- Navy, exclusive of grant for the
gether the evidence of Castles, gave the ver- reduction of the navy debt 6,000,000
dict already stated . On itsbeing pronoun Ordnance 1,221,300
ced, Watson bowed and said , “ Gentlemen , Miscellaneous -
1,700,000
I thank you much.” No breach of the
peace occurred ; but the populace evinced Total supply for the year 1817.
the greatest solicitude throughout the pro- Interest of Exchequer
ceedings for the fate of the prisoners, whom bills £ 1,900,000
they cheered as they were conveyed to and Sinking fund on do. 330,000
from the Court ; and on Watson's acquittal, To make good the per
the mob took the horses from a hackney manent charges of
coach in which they recognised him , and Ireland to 5th Jan.
him in to WychtheStreet, 246,508
dragged
Drury -Lane. Thetriumph
others received 1817
same Towards reduction of
marks of congratulation on their liberation navy and transport
on Tuesday. Several other individuals, who debt £ 1,660,000
had been apprehended on account of their 4,136,508
connexion with the prisoners, were set at
liberty this afternoon , after an examination £ 22,137,808
before the Secretary of State .
19.- Distresscs and Disturbances in Ire- Thedeficiency will therefore be £ 12,600,000
land . - A topic of very general commisera
tion, are the sufferings of the poor in Ire- 28. - Explosion of a Steam - Boat. This
land, and the disturbances which are inse- evening, about six o'clock , the boiler of the
parable from want, although they tend to Richmond Steam -Packet burst at the top ,
increase the affliction. In Limerick, in the and injured three persons in a dangerous
counties of Kerry, Clare , and Kildare, in manner . The yacht was injured on Satur
Londonderry, Mayo ,and Westmeath, there day week in a slight degree, and had been
have been affrays, seizures, depredations, repaired to render it fit to perform its pas
and various acts of violence. A proclama sage this day. It fortunately had no per
tion has been issued by the Lord -Lieuten- sons on board at the time the event occurred ,
ant, exhorting those inthe higher classes to except the personswho navigate and con
abstain from the use of potatoes in their fa- duct it. The shock was very great ; but
milies, and to diminish, as much as pose the injury done to the vessel is very slight.
sible , the consumption of oats. The yacht had been prepared to sail this
20. - Finances of the Country . This day. The conductors had been rowing it
evening, in the House of Commons, Mr up the river, and when it had got about 100
Vansittart made the following statement of yards above Westminster Bridge, the dread
the finances of the country. ful accident unfortunately took place. Mr
WAYS AND MEANS. Arnold , the conductor of the yacht, was near
1817. the boiler when it burst, and was injured in
Annual duties £ 3,000,000 a shocking manner, and very little hope can
Disposeable, 1815 £15,749 be entertained of his recovery. Two la
Ways and means, 1816 1,849,800 bourers belonging to the yacht were injured
-1,865,559 in a less degree. They were all conveyed
Excise duties continued. on shore by Heath , a waterman, who was
After satisfying the grant thereon near when the accident happened , and taken
for 1816 1,300,000 to St Thomas's Hospital, in the borough .
Disturbances in England .-- About the
Carry forward , £6,165,559 beginning of this month , the disaffection in
 $ 46 Register.-- British Chronicle. ? [ August
some of the midland counties assumed a very The gale of wind being strong, blew the
threatening appearance ; but, happily , the chimney flue away, and the wood -work,
means of the civil and military authorities which is nearly breast-high from the deck ,
was found sufficient to suppress the evil, at the bottom of the Mue, for the purpose of
before it had time to break forth into open keeping the people near the chimney from
insurrection. At Derby and Nottingham , burning themselves, caught fire ; the men,
affairs were for a time most alarming : a in throwing the buckets over for water to
rising, it is said, had been planned there, put it out, lost them ; consequently, the fire
which was connected with extensive move- was not checked , and the captain immedi
ments in themanufacturing districts in that ately made for land, and got all the people,
part of the kingdom. A large body of men, and crew , and luggage, safe ashore ; but
armed with pikes and other weapons , had the vessel was almost entirely consumed .
advanced from Offerton and Ripley, in Der- Explosion of Fire-dump. - On Monday
byshire, towards Nottingham , and had com- forenoon last, a dreadful blast occurred at
mitted various acts of plunder and violence, Harraton Row Pit, Newcastle, belonging to
having shot an individual who refused to Mr Lambton , by which thirty -eight men
deliver up the arms in his master's house. and boys were killed. There were forty -one
They were, however, soon met by the yeo. in the mine at the time, six of whom were
manry andtwo troops of hussars, disarmed, brought to bank alive, but three of them
and about fifty made prisoners. A number died soon afterwards. The other three were
of persons were also apprehended in York- much injured, but it is expected will recover.
shire, while in secret meetings at Sheffield Two of the sufferers were blown out of the
and Dewsberry. The disorders in this quar- shaft of the pit (eighty-two fathoms in depth )
ter, it was asserted in a Leeds newspaper, and their remains were found at some disa
had been fomented by a person named Oli. tance from the mouth. The head of one of
ver, in the pay of Government. This state- them was separated from the body, and
ment was made the subject of inquiry by found fifty yards off in a corn -field ; the
some members of both Houses of Parlia . back of the head of the other was also torn
ment ; when Ministers avowed that Oliver off, probably by striking against something
had been employed by them to procure in- in the shaft. The shaft continued for some
formation , but had exceeded his instructions minutes to emit a dense cloud of black smoke
in giving countenance to, or encouraging, andcoal dust, the smell of which remained
the proceedings of the disaffected. on the herbage a mile and a half distant
from the pit for several hoursafter. Most
JULY. of the sufferers lived at Painshaw . There
Roman Catholics. A bill has passed both are ten of the name of Hill,-- grandfather,
Houses of Parliament almost without notice, one of his sons, seven grandsons, and an
which removes the principal obstacle to the adopted son . Seven widows are left; but
entry of Roman Catholics into the navy and the sufferersbeing mostly young, there are
army. By this bill they are relieved from very few children . This dreadful accident
the necessity of taking the oaths, or sub- was caused by the perverse obstinacy of a
scribing to the declarations which were be- young man named John Moody, oneof the
fore an impediment to their advance, and hewers, who, in defiance of theorders of the
thus situations of the highest rank are now overman , refused to use Sir H. Davy's lamp,
open to them in the naval and military pro- and lighted a candle, which was twice put
fessions. They are not to be called on to out by the workman whom he was to re
take the oaths before entering the army or lieve ; but he relighted it, by unscrewing
navy ; and we need not tell our readers, the lamp, and thus sacrificed his own, and
that after they have entered the service, all the lives of his companions.- On Wednes
further obligation of taking the oaths, or day afternoon , six more men, who were
the sacrament, is done away by the annual reinstating the air stoppings that had been
act of indemnity, which is passed at the be- swept away by the blast, were suffocated in
ginning of each session. thesame mine, by the after -damp ( carbonic
4.-- Destruction of a Steam -Boat by Fire. acid gas) which commonly succeeds the ex
-On Wednesday morning last, the Mar- plosion of hydrogenous gas. There were
gate Steam - Packet , commanded by Captain eight men altogether whom the fixed air
Harvey , left London for Margate , with be- seized ; but on the bodies being got out on
tween forty and fifty passengers on board ; Thursday evening , two were alive, though
and it appears, from accounts received in but faint hopes were entertained of their
town yesterday, that when off Whitstable, recovery .
which is eighteen miles from the port of 12.-- Prorogation of Parliament. This
destination , she was discovered to be on fire : day his Royal Highness went in state to
at this time she was also three miles from Parliament, which he prorogued to the 25th
the main land. As a vessel of this descrip- August. At twenty minutes past two his
tion never carries a boat larger than suffi. Royal Highness reached the House , when
cient to hold her own crew , which seldom a discharge of artillery took place. After
exceeds a dozen persons, the consternation delivering his most gracious speech , the
of between forty and fifty passengers may same ceremony took place, and his Royal
be better conceived than described. The Highness having returned to the royal car
cause of the fire is stated to be as follows: riage, the procession moved back to the Pas
1817. ) Register.- British Chronicle. 547

lace in the order it had arrived . Another country. The first witness for the Crown ,
royal salute announced thedeparture of his John Campbell, prisoner in Edinburgla
Royal Highness for St James's. The multi- Castle, being asked if he had received
tude assembled was not so great as on former any reward or promise of reward, for
occasions ; but it was certainly more orderly being a witness,-he answered , he had.
and respectable. His Royal Highness, to Examined in what manner : he entered
and from the House, was frequently cheer- into a long statement, the substance of
ed ; and two or three attempts, during a which is briefly as follows : While a pris
profound silence, to excite a different feel- oner in Glasgow , he was frequentlyvisit
ing, were summarily prevented by the at- ed by a Mr Salmon , who urged him to
tendant officers, -namely, by knock on become witness in this case , by telling
the head. The windows of the houses by him , that he knew six men who would
which the procession passed were thronged swear that he (Campbell) took the oath ;
with elegant females, as were the avenues and if he did not provide for his safety in
and every commanding situation in the the way suggested, “ he was as sure to be
neighbourhood ofWestminster. The day hanged as he was in life ;" but if he would
wasuncommonly fine, and every thing con- become a witness, the Lord Advocate would
cluded without accident, and in the most come under anyengagement to him . After
perfect order. he was removed to Edinburgh Castle, he
Gold Coinage. The Gazette of Tuesday had frequent conversations on the subject
contains two Proclamations : the first de- with Mr Home Drummond, Depute Ad
scribing the new forthcoming gold coin vocate ; and at length entered into a writ.
called Sovereigns, and commanding them ten engagement with him and the Solicitor.
to be receivedas 20s. pieces. The second , General to become a witness, on condition
states, that as much of the present gold of being sent with his family to Prussia.
coin in circulation is deficient in weight, This writing, the Sheriff of Edinburgh,
none shall be taken in payment of less who was present, refused to sign, and it
weight than as follows: Guineas, five pen- was therefore destroyed, and a verbal en
ny -weights eight grains ; half guineas, two gagement on the honour of the parties was
penny -weights sixteengrains ; quarter gui- accepted, which Campbell still considered
neas, one penny -weight eight grains : and as binding. After the examination of four
that the seven shilling pieces, and the gold other witnesses, none of whom recollect
pieces called sovereigns, or 20s. pieces, more ed any thing respecting an oath , ex
deficient in weight than the rates hereafter cept one, who said he only recollected it
specified , viz. seven shilling pieces, one pen- from having read it in the newspapers, the
ny -weight eighteen grains; sovereigns, or Lord Advocate gave up the case , and the
20s. pieces, five penny -weights two grains jury returned a verdict of Not Proven.
three quarters, benot allowed to be current, The pannel was then dismissed from the
or pass in any payment whatsoever. bar ; and on the Monday and Tuesday
Extraordinary Experiment. The expe- following, the prisoners confined in Edin
riment of hauling up a line-of-battle ship, burgh and Glasgow on similar charges were
by means of pulley, fully succeeded at Ply- set at liberty.
mouth dock -yard , on Tuesday se'enight ; 24.Trial of a Chimney -Sweeper for the
when the Kent, of 80 guns and 1694 tons, Murder of his Apprentice. On Tuesday,
was, by this simple but most powerful me- Joseph Rae and Robert Reid were brought
chanical instrument, drawn out ofthe water, before the High Court of Justiciary , charged
and securely placed in a cradle for repair with the murder of John Fraser, a boy of
The experiment was never before tried with eleven years of age, an apprentice to Rae.
a ship of greater tonnage than a 38 gun We apprehend, that the heart-rending de
frigate. tails of this case will go farther than any
19. - Administering unlawful Oaths.- upon record , to accelerate the act of Parlia
This day the trial of Andrew Mackinlay, ment which is in contemplation to put an
cotton -weaver in Glasgow , accused as above end to the inhuman practice of employing
stated, came on before the High Court of children in the sweeping of chimneys. The
Justiciary. This case, from its first agita- poor victim was described by one witness as
tion , had excited a great degree of interest, a
“ fine boy, ” and by another as a “ good
from Mackinlay's having been indicted, boy.” He was sent up a chimney in Al
along with William Edgar, teacher in Glas- bany Street, Edinburgh, at twelve o'clock ,
gow , three several times -- the first as far where he stuck fast ; and at four a stone
back as the beginning of April. Two in- mason was set to work to release him by
dictments had been quashed by the Court breaking the wall. The brutal master ar
as irrelevant, a circumstance which was rived , and stopt this humane attempt to re
taken notice of in a very strong manner in lieve the littlesufferer, threateningto blow
Parliament ; and it was upon the third , the him up the chimney with gunpowder, and
relevancy of which had been declared by sent for another sweep's boy, named Ali,
the Court yesterday, with the dissentient son , and a set of ropes. The use made of
voice of Lord Gillies, that he was now them is thus related by a witness named
brought to trial ; and the result excited Thomson :
still greater sensation throughout the 66 Reid took hold of the rope, and having
548 Register.- British Chronicle . [ August
loosed it, gave Alison one end, and directed the deceased strip himself ; boy applied to
him to go up the chimney, saying, “ do witness to save him. Witness asked Rae to
not go farther than his feet, and when you forgive him . Rae said, If it were God
66

get there fasten it to his foot. ” Alison Almighty himself speaking from the Hea
having fastened the rope, Reid desired vens I would not forgive him .” The boy
him to come down ; Reid took the rope was told to strip himself perfectly naked,
and pulled, but did not bring down and Rae beat him on the back with the sin
the boy; the rope broke ; Alison was sent gle end of the sweep's ropes apparently with
up again with the other end of the rope, all his strength. The boycried much ;about
which was fastened to the boy's foot ; when ten o'clock at night, Rae took the boy to a
Reid was pulling the rope, Rae said, you back room, and made him go naked up and
have not the strength of a cat ;" he took the down the chimney till one o'clock on Sunday
rope into his own hands, pulling as strong morning. Rae afterwards acknowledged that
as he could. Having pulled about a quar- the ladder and materials were in the house
ter of an hour, Raeand Reid fastened the all the time. " - Thomas Marwood (another
rope round a crow bar, which they applied witness) lived in Rae's house along with de
to thewall as alever, and both pulled with ceased ; saw Rae tie deceasedto a chest,gag
all their strength for about a quarter of an his mouth with a stick, and beat him with
hour longer, when it broke. During this ropes till the blood came, and then put salt
time witness heard the boy cry , and say, petre on him ; has seen Rae make deceased
“ My God Almighty !” Rae said, “ if I had eat the vilest offal. — The Jury, having re
you here, I would God Almighty you .” tired for about an hour, returned averdict
Witness thought the cries were in agony. of culpable homicide ! The Lord Chief
The master of thehouse brought a new piece Justice then addressed Rae, and told him
of rope ,and Rae's brother spliced an eye in that his case approached the nearest to mur
it. Reid expressed a wish to have it fastened der of any case in which a verdict of culp
onboth thighs, to have greater purchase. able homicide had been returned ; and sen
, ut came tenced him to be transported beyond seas
Alison was sent up for this purpose b
downand said he could not get it fastened. for 14 years . — The trial of Reid was put off
Rae then began to slap at the wall ; after till September.
striking a long while at the wall, he got out Crossing the Irish Channel in a Balloon .
a large stone ; he then put in his head, -On Tuesday, at a quarter past one, Mr
and called to Fraser, “ Do you hear, you, Saddler, jun . ascended in his large balloon
sir ;" but got no answer ; he then put in from Portobello barracks, Dublin , and after
his hands, and threw down deceased's experiencing various currents of air, with
breeches. He then came down from the the extremes of heat and cold , descended in
ladder. At this time the prisoner Rae was
in a state of perspiration ; he sat down on safety, at half past seven in the evening, in
a corn field about a mile and a half to the
the stool, and themaster of the house gave southward of Holyhead. Thus, for the first
him a dram . Witness did not hear Rae time, hasthe perilous attempt of crossing the
makeany remarks as to the situation of the channel been accomplished by a youth not
boy Fraser. Witness thinks, from Rae's yet in his 22d year. During MrSaddler's
appearance, that he knewtheboy was dead . stay at Holyhead , he went to visit the new
Reid's wife came to get her husband away pier which is building there ; and seeing the
to a job, and Rae went with him . This diving-bell, expressed his anxious desire to
was between six and seven o'clock. Rae's go down in it, exclaiming, “ I am justcome
brother enlarged the hole, but still could not
from the clouds, I should now wish to visit
get in. Witness then went in with difficul. the deep ;” and so persevering was he in his
ty. He found Fraser lying on his belly, request, that the bell was prepared ,and he
with his hands stretched above his head . went down in a depth of several fathoms,
He was lying at a turn in the vent, and his where he remained under water a consider
head jammed at the head of the turn ; had able length of time.
a towel about his head, and a shirt all about 30.- Lord Castlercagh. - Sunday even
his neck. Witness tore off the shirt bit by ing, as Lord Castlereagh was playing with a
bit, and threw it on the floor ; then brought favourite dog of his lady's, at their seat at
down the boy,there was a little heat in the FootscrayinKent, the animal bit his hand,
body - got spirits and washed the boy's tem- which on Monday became so much inflamed
ples, and went for Dr Poole, who came and that Dr Bankhead was sent for. Dr Bank
applied a bellows, but in vain. Witness head wentto Footscray again yesterday , to
knew the deceased twelve months past in visit Lord Castlereagh, whose hand has been
May - used to come to witness's house. severely lacerated , the sinews of the first and
Witness always gave him apiece of bread second fingers being separated, and the nail
or a halfpenny ;boy complained that his and topof the first finger being nearly torn off.
master used to starve bim, strike him, and Dr Bankhead, on Monday, ordered him to
use him badly. Witness stopped in pri. bed , and to be kept very quiet. The dog, a
soner's house some time in May 1816. Öne short time since, pinned thegardener and an.
Saturday night heard Rae's wife say , “ You other man upin a corner,when they were mov .
aredone now ; where's your ladder and ing about after dark, andit waswith diffi
materials ?-- away. " Whereupon Rae made culty he could be called off from them . The
 1817.) Register. - Appointments, Promotions, fc.
dog was a present from Stutgard to Lady it appeared that the riots were of a most
Castlereagh. ' It is satisfactory to learn that
the dog is naturally fierce.
Trials of the Luddites, & c. — The trials
of the Luddites, and Huddersfield rioters,
took place at the York assizes last week.
All those against whom true bills were found
have been acquitted. From the evidence,
APPOINTMENTS , PROMOTIONS, & c.
I. CIVIL.
May 20. - Knighthood conferred on Maj.-General
Wilder .
20. - James Cox , Esq . to be Consul in Albania .
24.-- Edward Spencer Curling, to be Hanoverian
Consul at Ramsgate, Deal, and Dover .
28. - Patrick -Jas.-Herbert-Crichton Stuart, Esq.
younger andonly brother of John , now Marquis of
Bute and Earl of Dumfries , to have and enjoy the
same title, place, pre-eminence, and precedence,
in all assemblies or meetings whatsoever, as if his
late father had lived to have inherited and enjoyed
the title and dignity of Marquis of Bute .
29. - Knighthood conferred on Tho. Stainford
Raffles, of
recor
latePrinc
Gover nor of Javaon
of Wales '
Ralph Rice,
der e Island- an on Richard
Basset, Mayor of Newport, Isle of Wight.
Dr Macpherson , Professor of Greek, admitted
Sub-Principal in King's College, Aberdeen .
Professor Copland, professor of mathematics in
Mareschal College, Aberdeen , to be professor of
Natural Philosophy in said College - Dr Robert
to be of Mathematics in his
Hamilton
room . - The Rev.professor
John Cruickshank to be Assist-
ant and Successor to Dr Hamilton in said office .
31. -The Rev. Daniel Dewar, LL.D. admitted
Professor of MoralPhilosophy, inKing's College, have
Aberdeen ,
given a harmonious
Jack, preacher of thegospel.call
June 4. - George Gwyther of Leslie House , in the
county of Fife , and of the parish of St Mary.
le-Bone , in the county of Middlesex, Esq. and
the Right Honourable Henrietta Ann , his wife ,
nowin herright Countess of Rothes and Baroness
Leslie and Ballanbreich , in that part of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called Scot
Jand, have received his Majesty's license to take and
use the surname of Leslie only ; the said George
Gwyther may bear the arms of Leslie of Rothes ;
and the said surname and arms may also be taken
and borne by the issue of their marriage .
14. - Robert Dundas, Esq . W.S. presented to
the Court of Session the Prince Regent's commis-
sion , nominating him one of the principal clerks,
in room of the late James Walker, Esq . Mr
Dundas is succeeded as one of the principal Clerks
of the Bills by James Skene, Esq . of Rubislaw , ad-
vocate .
28. - George Manners, Esq . to be Consul in Mas-
sachussets.
July 1.- Knighthood conferred on Spiridion Fo
resti, Esq. late resident Minister in the lonian
Islands
2.- Knighthood conferred on W. H. Robinson ,
Commissary -General in Canada.
5.-Mr Balfour Spence, to be Hanoverian Vice
Consul in the Shetland Islands.
14.- Major-General Sir B. Bloomfield , to be
Keeper ofthe Privy Purse, and private Secretary
to the Prince Regent.
19. — The dignity of a Baronet of the United
Kingdom , conferred on the Right Honourable John
M.Mahon , with remainder to his brother Colonel
Thomas M Mahon , and his heirs male .
22.-The Right Hon . Edward Thornton , to be
Ambassador at the Court of the King of Portugal.
-The Hon . F. P. Forbes, to be Secretary to the
Legation .
Members returned to Parliament.
July 28.–The Right Hon . Nicholas Vansittart,
for Harwich .
Aug. 1.-- The Hon . J. P. Vereker, for Limerick
city.
II. ECCLESIASTICAL .
April 7.- The Rev. Hugh M'Farlane, M.D. or-
dained at Edinburgh , with a view to taking charge
Vol . I.
549
alarming character, though the guilt of hav
ing been engaged in them is not fixed upon
the persons who have stood their trials.
The Judge exhorted the prisoners to beware
of continuing in such dangerous courses ;
to which they answered, simultaneously,
“ We will, indeed , my Lord .”
ofthe Presbyterian Congregation in New Provi
dence.
May 14.-Mr Robert Shaw, ordained Minister of
the Constitutional AssociateCongregation of Whit
bur , vacant by the death of Professor Bruce .
June 9. - At Edinburgh , the Rev. Wm Broad
foot, from Kirkwall, was admitted colleague to the
Rev. Geo . Jerment, in the Scotch (Anti-burgher)
Church , Oxenden Street, Hay-market, London .
17.-Mr Hugh Stirling, preacher, ordained Mi
nister of the Associate Congregation at Newton , in
Mearns.
22.- The Rev. James Richardson, inducted to
the charge of the Presbyterian Church in Hex
ham.
25.-The Rev. Mr Walter Hume, to the charge
of the Associate Congregation of Yetholm.
July 31. - MrGavin Struthers, preacher, ordain
ed assistant and successor to the Rev. James Stew
art, Minister of the Relief Congregation, Ander
ston .
The Town Council of Stirling have presented
the Rev. George Wright of Markinch to the first
charge of the Church and Parish of Stirling,vacant
by the death of the Rev. Dr Somerville.
The Associate Burgher Congregation of Dunbar
to Mr Alexander
III. MILITARY.
2 L. G. Cornet and Sub.-Lt. T. Marten to be Lieut.
by purch . vice Meares, 18 F.
23d June 1817
G. Greenwood, to be Cornet and Sub -Lt.
vice Marten do.
2 D.G. Lieut. C. Kearney, to be Capt. by purch .
vice Hunter, retires 19th do.
Cornet J. G. Green , to be Lieut. by purch .
vice Kearney, prom . 30 July
3 Cornet Charles Drury , to be Lieut . bypurch .
vice Stuart, prom. 19th June
Jocelyn Willey, to be Cornet by purch. vice
Drury 19th June
5 Lieut B. Christie, to be Capt. by purch .
vice Brunskill, retires 3d July
2 Dr. Lieut. James Gape, to be Capt. by purch .
vice Bt. Major Vernon , retires 19th June
Cornet A. Trotter, to be Lieut. by purch .
vice Gape do .
W. H. Oram, to be Cornet by purch . vice
Trotter do .
6 Cornet H. Cazalet, from 4 Dr. to be Lt. by
purch . vice Biddulf, prom . 26th do .
9 H.E. Porter, to be Cornet by purch. vice
Smith , prom . 3d July
S. A. H. Lucas, to be Cornet by purch. vice
Armstrong, prom . do.
10 Capt. H. R. C. Stapylton , to be 19th
Major by
purch. vice Lowther, 12 F. June
Lieut. E. F. Meynell, to be Capt. by purch .
vice Stapylton do .
Cornet Wm Gale, to be Lieut . by purch .
vice Meynell 26th do .
Hon. R. Watson, to be Cornet by purch .
vice Gale do.
12 P. N. De Carteret , to be Cornet by purch.
vice Mayne, 1 Life Guards 19th June
18
Serj.-Major John Collins, to be Quart .-Mas.
ter, vice Tarleton , ret. h . p. 12th do.
19 John Hall, to be Cornet by purch. vice Dun
gan , prom . do.
3F. G. Lieut. W. L. Forster, to be Lieut. and Capt.
26th do.
vice Lake, resigns
to
Ensign G. R. Abercromby, from 51 F. do.
be Ensign and Lieut, vice Forster
4 A
 550 Register. - Appointments, Promotions, 8c. [ August
12 F. Lieut. John Baxter, to be Capt. vice Keap- 60 F. Qrt. Mast. J. Kiens, from h . p. to be Qrt .
pock , dead 12th June Mast. vice Burrough , ex . 10th July 1817
Ensign Luke Prior, to be Lieut. vice Baxter 68 Lieut. G. E. Scott , from h.p 52 to be Lieut.
do . vice Grant, ex . do .
C.U. Tripp ,to be Ensign by purch . vice 77 W.J. H. Bowen , h . p. to be Lieut. vice
do .
Vernon , 1 f. G. 11th do . Cameron , ex. rec . diff.
Serj.-Maj. J. K.Leith ,to be Adj.and En- 79 Capt. F. Langley, from 82 F. to be Capt.
sign,vice Priestley, res. Adj. only 12th do. vice Bruce , ex : do .
Assist. Surg. W. Morrison , to be Surg. vice 82 W. Bruce, from 79 F. to be Capt. vice
O'Hara, dead do . Langley, ex . do .
Hosp. Assist. J. Ligertwood, to be Assist. 87 John Carrol,
Lieut. Fennel, from h. p. to be Lieut .
Surg. vice Morrison do. vice ex. do .
John Hendrick, from Donegal Mil. to be 88 George Hill, from h . p . to be Lieut.
Assist . Surg. vice Martin , res. 3d July vice Mahon , ex . rec. diff. do .
15 Lieut. H. Temple, to be Capt, by purch . 91 Paym . J. Fairfowl, from h. p . to be Paym .
vice Spread , retires do . vice Campbell, ret. upon h . p . do
25 Edward Gilbert, to be Ensign , vice Pigott,
dead do . Staff
37 Major G. Burer, to be Lieut. Col. by purch, Hosp. Assist. J.Cousins,from h . po to be Hosp .
vice James , retires do . Assist. to the Forces, vice Sibbald , canc. do .
51 Frederick Matthews, to be Ensign , vice Limerick . Lieut . T. Walsh , 2W.I. R. to be Town
Abercromby, 3 F. ú . 26th June Maj. vice Eitzgerald , dead 19th June
59 Staff Surg . W. Wallace, from h . p. to be Surg. to
Ensign J. Howe, from 80 F. to be19th
Ensign
do . the Forces, vice Rodgers, ret. on h . p. 25th do .
62 J. M. Caldecott, to be Ensign by purch . vice Hosp . Assist . A.Cumming, from h. p.to be Hosp .
Reid, retires 24th do . Assist. to the Forces 12th do .
69 Lieut. Col. G. Muttlebury, from h. p . to be J. Sibbald , from h. p . to be Hosp .
Lieut. Col. vice Robbins, dead 30 July Assist. do . do .
80 Lieut, H, Stoddart, to be Capt. vice Thome, J. L. Warten , from h. p. to be Hosp .
dead do . Assist. do . do .
84
Ensign E. Woolhouse, to be Lt. by purch . J. Robertson , from h. p. to be Hosp.
vice Croker ,prom . 26th June Assist. do . do.
T. H. Powell, to be Ensign by purch . vice Peter Lamond , from h. p. to be Hosp .
Woolhouse do . Assist. do . do .
Rifl. Br. 2d Lieut. W. Shaw , to be 1st Lieut. vice Robert Sillery, from h. p. to be Hosp .
do . Assist . do . do ,
Bennet, dead
W. Curtis. to be 2d Lieut. vice Shaw do , David Ewing , from h . p . to be Hosp .
Assist. do . do .
1W.I.R. Arthur Meyer, to be Ensign , vice Hunt,
Royal. African Corps 12th June Alex . Boyd , from h . p. to be Hosp.
R.Afr.C. Ensign J. Adamson, to be Lieut. vice Assist. do , vice Oswald , dead do .
Steret , dead 11th do.
Exchanges.
- H. B. Adams, to be Lieut. vice BrevetMajor Marlay, from 1 F. rec.diff. with Capt.
M'Rae, dead 12th do . Wetherall, h. p .
E. Hunt, from 1 W. I. R. to be Capt Chapman , from 6 Dr. with Capt. Gardiner ,
Ensign, vice Adamson 11th do. 50 F.
Wm MʻRae, to be Ensign , vice Adams Webb, from 12 Dr. rec. diff. with Capt.
12th do . Goldsmith, h. p. 72 F.
Lieut. J. Adamson , to be Adjt. vice Gray, Warren, from 18 F. rec. diff. with Capt.
resigns Adjt. only 3d July Hammill, h. p. 7 F.
R.Y.R. Lt. W. Edwards, to be Capt. vice White,
dead 19th June don , Colley,
h. p. 1F
from 45 F. rec . diff. with Capt. Gor
Ensign
wards
J. Eager to be Lieut. vice Ed
do . Andrews, from Rifle Brigade, rec , diff. with
Capt. Pattenson , h. p. 43 F.
Ensign and Adjut. W. Firebrace , 20th
rank of Sir John Cox , from 2 Life Gds, rec . diff .
Lieut. do .
with Capt. Meares, h . p. 18 F.
Ensign Thomas Acome, to be Lieut. vice Barry, from 75 €. rec. diff. with Captain
M Lennon d, ead 3d July M‘Adam , h . p .
Gent. Cadet G. Taylor, to be Ensign , vice Lieut. Falkner, from 4 Dr. Gds . rec . diff. with
Eager 19th June
Lieut. Kavenhill, h. p. 1 Dr Gds.
G. T. Ridsdale, to be Ensign , vice Acome M'Culloch , from 32 F. rec . diff. with Lieut.
3d July Oliver, h . p. 3 F.
R.W.1. Ran . Ensign G. Flood , to be Lieut. vice Vickers, from Rifle Brigade, rec . diff. with
Stewart, dead do . Lieut. Twigg, h. p. 3 F.
Canad . Fen. Capt. J. M. Wallace, from 23 Dr. to D'Arcy , from 13 Dr. rec . diff. with Lieut.
be Maj. by purch . vice D. Haren , Stopford , h . p . 101 F.
retires 1st January Boase , from 32 F. rec . diff. with Lieut. Mon
ro , h. p. 94 F.
Brevet Major W. M. Leake, of R. Art . to be Lt. Stapleton, from 47 F. rec . diff. with Lieut.
Col. in theArmy 4th June 1813 Lane, h . p. 41 F.
5 D.G. Cornet Wm Locké to be Lieut. by purch . Conry, from 90 F. with Lieut. Shaw , h. p.
J. Gardiner , to be Coruet by purch. vice 52 F.
Watson , prom . 10th July 1817 Weymouth , from2 Life Gds, rec . diff. with
Ass. Surg . D. M Gregor, from 56 F. to be Visc. Barnard, h . p. 7 Dr.
Ass. Surg. vice Speer, ret. upon h. p . do. J. W. Bacon , from 9 Dr. rec. diff. with
4 Dr. Thomas Harrison , to be Cornet by purch . Charles Bacon , h. p. 11 Dr.
vice Cazalet, prom . 6 Dr. do. Hudson , from 2 F. rec. diff. with Lieut,
10 John Trollope, to be Cornet by purch . vice Clunes, h. p. 27 F.
Brown , retires do. West, from 3 F. with Lieut. James , 58 F.
23 Lieut. C. Bacon , to be Capt. by purch , vice Stannus, from 9 Dr. rec . diff. with Lieut.
Wallace , Canadian Fenc. do. Maberly , h . p. 7 Dr.
Cornet S.Ć . Simpson, to be Lieut. by purch . Masters, from 30 F. rec . diff. with Lieut.
vice Bacon do. Rogers ,h . p .
24 Cornet W. H. West, to be Lieut. by purch . Baillie, from 30 F. rec . diff. with Lieut, Jas
vice Procter, prom . do . Poyntz, h. p .
6 F. Ensign T. Holyaoke, from h. p. 58 F. to be 2d Lieut. Campbell, from Rifle Brigade, with En
Ens. vice Edwards, ex. rec . diff. do. sign Ward, h p . 71 F.
16 Lieut. Wm Orr , from h. p. to be Lieut. vice Ensign Gordon , from 25 F. with Ensign Morris,
Hazleham , ex. do. h. p.
31 Capt. W.H. Milles , from
vice Elder , ex . rec. diff. n. p. to be
Capt. Matthewson , from 8 F. with Ensign Maw
desley , 65 F.
50 Ensign T. Edwards, from h. p. 83 F. to be Surgeon Corfield , from 17 F. with Surgeon Max
Ensign , vice Lumsden ,ex. do . ton , h. p. 38 F
53 Lieut.A. F. Gregory ,from 4 Dr. to be Staff Surg . Thompson , from full pay, with Surg
Dakers.
Capt. by purch . vice Fernandez , ret. do. ho po
 1817. ) 551
Register . - Commercial Report.
Resignations and Retirements. Capt. Lake, 3 F. G.
Lieut. Col. James, 37 F. Spread , 15 F.
Major Vernon , 2 Dr. Lieut. Tracey, 25 F.
D. Haren , late Canadian Fenc . Gallaher 103 F.
Capt. Hunter, 2 Dr. Gds . Ensign Reid, 62 F.
Brunskill, 5 do. Assist. Surg . Martin , 12 F.

Deaths.
Major General. Lieutenants . Leonard, R.Y Ran . 11May 1817
Dyer, late of R. Marines Dawson , 52 F. 3 June 1817 Ibbot, Inv. Bn. R. Art. 14 June
Licut. Colonels. M'Mahon , 60 F. 5 May Surgeon .
Edwards, 80 F. 5 Feb. 1817 Judge, h. p.63 F. 7 April O'Hara, 12 F.
Fluker, h. p . 5 W.I.R. 18 June Wogan , 66 F. Dec. 1816 Miscellaneous
Captains. R. Cameron , 78 F. 14 do , do . Porteous, Dep. Assist. Com.Gen.
Keappock , 12 F. Brewster, 81 F. 19 June 1817 at Gibraltar 29 April
Innes, 66 F. 15 Sept. 1816 Bennet , Rifle Brigade 31 May Oswald , Hosp, Ass . to the Forces

IV . NAVAL .

Promotions.
Names . Names .
Superannuated Commander. Lieutenants .
William Anderson (a) William Nevill
John Wildey

Appointments.
Names. Ships. Names . Ships .
Lieutenant. Josiah Oake R.George,yacht
Charles S. Cochrane Blossom Jos. Perriam Tyne
Wm W. West. Ditto Surgeons.
Edward Hibbert Ganymede James Wilson Blossom
Tho. Hastings Icarus Pearce Power Helicon
J. F. Appleby Queen Charlotte M. Power Icarus
W. J. Mingay R.George,yacht M. Burnside Tyne
Hon. W.Waldegrave Ditto Assistant-Surgeons.
'Thomas Marshall Spencer Charles Inches Blossom
Wynne Baird Tyne John Campbell Brazen
Marines . Jer. Riodan Florida
Capt. H. W. Creswell Rochfort DanielCampbell Icarus
N. H. English Spencer Wm Watt Racoon
2d Lieut. Edward Capel Queen Charlotte George Black Tyne
Masters . Chaplains.
Rob . Thompson Blossom Robert Willis Forth
Ed . Hankin Icarus Robert Brown Leander

COMMERCIAL REPORT.
COLONIAL PRODUCE.Sugars have continued in steady demand during last month ,
without variation in prices until towards the end , when Muscovadoes advanced from 3s. to
As. at which very considerable sales have been made . If the demand continues a few days
equally brisk, very few ofthis descriptionwill remain in the market. Refined goods are
also inrequest, with a small improvement in price. Foreign sugars have likewise advanced .
For good white Havannah , 72s. has been realised. Coffee continues in brisk and extensive
demand, and prices of every description may be stated 3s. to 5s. higher since our last.
Cotton . The last India sale attracted considerable attention ; it consisted of 8536 bags,
which were reported to be the whole remaining in the importers' hands, and the demand was
in consequence extremely brisk. The shippers were the principal purchasers. Ordinary
descriptions went off pd. to 14d., and middling 4d. to d. advance on the last sale prices.
Other descriptions have also experienced a small advance : Current prices - Demerara and
Berbice, 207d. to 2s. ltd.; Grenada and Cariacou, 20 {d. to 224d. ; Surinams, 2s. to
2s. 1fd. ; Bower, 19d. to 20d. ; Pernams, 2s. 2d. ; Bengals, in the house, 10d. to 11}d.
The imports of Cotton intoLondon, Liverpool , andGlasgow, were 42,487 bags, being
8448 more than those of July 1816. Indigo. Considerable purchases continue to be made
at apremium of 4d. to 6d. on last India sale. Spices without variation. Pimento, of
good quality, isreadily sold at 9jd. to 95d. Tobacco.— The French contracts have nearly
cleared the market of the ordinary descriptions, but other qualities may be purchased a
shade lower. Rum.In this article there has lately been considerabletransactions, but
no variation in prices.
EUROPEAN PRODUCE. - Hemp, Flax , and Tallow .-- The arrivals from the Baltic
being inconsiderable, owing to the continuedwesterly winds , priceshave experienced a
smalladvance. Brandy. Owing to accounts from France of the almost certainty of a
very deficient vintage, this article advanced a little in price, and may be expected to go
still higher.The demand for British Manufactures continues improving. The accounts
from Manchester and Leeds represent trade as now much brisker than it has been any
time during the last two years, with every appearance of a steady demand.
 552 Register .- Commercial Report. [ August
PRICES CURRENT.

020 II
GLASGOW . LIVERPOOL .

18III
SUGAR, Musc. LEITH. per
B. P. Dry Brown , 74 @ 78 73 @ 77 68

I
.
78 cwt.

so
do
Mid . good, and fine mid. 80 86 78 88 79 89
Fine and very fine, 88 94 90 95
Refined , Double Loaves, . 150 155
Powder ditto , 124 130
Single ditto, 122 124 120 122 120 126
Small Lumps , 115 118 ( 114 116 122 126
Large ditto , 114 116 112 114 110 115
Crushed Lumps, 70 68
C
70 67 70
MOLASSES , British , 35 33 35
COFFEE , Jamaica
Ord. good, and fine ord . 78 83 82 87 81 88
Mid. good , and finemid. 85 100 88 92 89 104
Dutch , Triage and very ord . 72 82 - 74 82
Ord . good, and fine ord . 80 90 80 89 84 89
Mid. good, and fine mid . 82 100 90 93 90 102
St Domingo , . 85 93
PIMENTO (in Bond ), 7 8 84 8 83 Ib.
SPIRITS , Jamaica Rum , 16 0.P. 3s 5d 3s 6d 3s 5d 3s 6 3s 4 3s 6 gall.
Brandy , no 6 79

III
Geneva, 3 10 4 0
Grain Whisky , 7 0 7 3
WINES, Claret, 1st Growths, 45 50 hhd.
Portugal Red , 40 45 pipe.
Spanish White, 34 46 butt.
Teneriffe, 30 35
pipe.
Madeira, 60 70
LOGWOOD, Jamaica , £7 £8 £ 7 10 £8 0 £ 7 15 £ 8 5 ton .
Honduras, 8 9 8 0 8 10 8 15
Campeachy, 9 9 10 8 0 90 90 9 10
FUSTIC, Jamaica, 8 10 0 8 10 90 9 0 10 10
? Cuba , 14 -
14 0 14 10
INDIGO , Caraccas fine, 9s 6d 11s 6d 8s 6 9s 6 98 0 Ils 6 lb.
TIMBER , American Pine, 1 1 9 17 18 foot.
Ditto Oak , 4 6 5 0
Christiansand (duties paid), 2 2 2 3 -

Honduras Mahogany, 0 11 1 1 O 10 1 8 0 11 1 1
St Domingo ditto, - 1 2 3 0 2 0 2 6
TAR, American , -
14 15 16 brl.
Archangel, 20 21 18 20 19 21
Pitch , Foreign, 14 cwt.
TALLOW, Russia Yellow Candle , 57 58 58 59 57 58
11881111

Home Melted , 57
HEMP, Riga Rhine, £44 £ 45 £ 45 £ 46 £ 45 ton .
Petersburgh Clean , 42 44 42 44 44
FLAX , Riga Thies.and Druj. Rak. 61 68
Dutch , 50 120
T1

Irish , 52 53
11

MATs, Archangel, £ 6 0 £6 6 100 .

16

BRISTLES, Petersburgh Firsts, 16 10 £17 cwt.

9

Ashes, Petersburgh Pearl, 63s

Montreal ditto , 64s 66s 638 64s 576 60s
Pot, 50 52 52 46 50
OIL , Whale, Uncertain . tun .
Cod , 55 ( p.brl.) £ 32
TOBACCO, Virginia fine, 113 12 | 11 ! 12 09 0 10 lb.
middling, 91 103 10 10 ! 0 6 06
inferior, 8 09 8 9. 5
COTTONS, Bowed Georgia , 1 6 19 1 62 1 9
IIIII

Sea Island , fine, 2 6 2 8 2 44 2 6

good , 2 5 2 6 2 2 2 4
middling, 2 3 2 4 1 11 2 1
Demerara and Berbice, 1 10 2 0 1 9 2 18
West India , 7 1 8 1 7
Pernambuco , 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2
Maranham , 2 111 11 } 2 0
1817.) Register. - Commercial Report. 533
Premiums of Insurance at Lloyd's. - Guernsey or Jersey, 15s. 9d. Cerk, Dublin , or
Belfast, 15s. Od. to 20s. Hamburgh, 12s. 6d. Madeira, 20s. Jamaica, 30s. to 35s.
Greenland, out and home, 3$ guineas.
Course of Exchange. - Amsterdam ,38 : 2 B. 2 U. Ditto at eicht, 37 : 8. Agio of the
Bank on Holland, 2. Hamburgh , 35 : 2:25. Paris, 24:50, 3 days. Altona, 34 : 3 : 25.
Dublin , 124
Prices of Gold and Silver, per oz . - Portugal gold , in coin , £ 4 : 0 : 6 . New doub
loons, £3: 15 : 6. Foreign gold, in bars, £4 : 0: 0. New dollars, £0 : 5 : 2. Silver ,
in bars, stand. £ 0 : 5 : 31

Weekly Price of Stocks, from 1st to 31st July 1817.

Ist 8th . 15th . 22d . 29th .

Bank stock , 274 2761 294 291 )

3 per cent. reduced .... 753 823 821 792
3 per cent. consols ... 763 771 824 81 817 81 781 798
4 per cent. consols, 946 95} 100 1001 962
5 per cent. navy ann. 105) 1071 106 103
Imperial 3 per cent. ann ...
India stock , 248
-bonds, 100 pm . 101 pm . 106 pm . 110pm . 114pm .
Exchequer bills, 31d.. NA
11 pm . 18 pm . 25 pm . 30pm . 27pm .
Consols for acc. ma 76% 789 83 82 82 813 791
American 3 per cent........ 65
new loan ,6p.cent. 103 103
French 5 per cents. 674 673 68 682

ALPHABETICAL LIST OF ENGLISH BANKRUPTCIES, announced between the 1st and

31st July 1817, extracted from the London Gazette.
Addington , J. Chesterfield , draper
Allen, B. Liecester, fancy -trimming manufacturer
Abrahams, M. London , merchant
Astell, J. Leicester, butcher and mealman
Barker, S. Sheffield , cordwainer
Barker, J. Sheffield , cordwainer
Bath , R. Commercial Road, Middlesex , rope -maker
Beoran , L. C. Clifton , Gloucester, baker
Benson, M. Guisborough , York , brewer
Blackley, H. Sheldwick , Kent, grocer
Bleads, J. Chester, umbrella -maker
Bone, H.North Shields, ship -owner
Brevitt, W. Darlaston , Stafford , butcher
Burgess, G. Manchester, woollen -draper
Burn , J. Lothbury , London , merchant
Brundred , B. Stockton , roller-maker
Busst,
maker
J. Aston, near Birmingham , gun -barrel
Biddle , J. Birmingham , factor
Coupland , J. Bristol, dealer
Cox , G. M. London , toyman
Chalk , W. New Sarum , baker
Clark , J. Tring , Hertford , baker
Coppard, J. Midhurst, Sussex, baker
Curry , T. North Shields, ship -owner
Cole , J.Plymouth,rope-maker
Davis, W. Birmingham , brass-founder
Davies, J. Shrewsbury , flax-spinner
Deacon , B. Red Lion Square, Middlesex, earthen-
wareman
Druitt, G. R. Winchester , linen -draper
Elliott, G. Woodchurch , Kent , butcher
Elston, G. South Shields, ship-owner
Eccles, T. Penkridge, Stafford, grocer
Edleston, J. Billinge , Lancaster ,corn -dealer
Elliot, C. sen . Kirkandrews-upon- Eden , wood-
monger
Entwisle, J. P. London , commission -agent
Fleming, T.Liverpool,merchant
Fox , E. Saint George, Gloucester, horse -dealer
Fossett, M. H. Cooper, and E. Howard , Tun-
bridge, Kent and London , gunpowder manu-
facturers
Fawell, T. St Lukes, Middlesex, apothecary Roper, T.Northallerton, York , hardwareman
Fennel, T. & W. Benstead, jup. London and Brus- Ravenscroft , H. London, peruke-maker
sels , merchants
Farrell, C. Gosport,linen -draper
Graham , J. Lambeth , rope-maker
Gregory , J. Blackwall, butcher
Greenwood, J. Woodhouse, York ,timber merchant
Gill, H. R. Kenning-on -Cross, Surrey, coal-iner
chant
Griffiths,W. Beaumaris, currier
Green , W.London , under-writer
Harrison,J. Hesket, Cumberland, clerk
Herbert, J. London , warehouseman
Hannaford, E. Plymouth , master-mariner
Hill, W. Birmingham , button-maker
Hollands, J. Westminster, builder
Hix, J. Godmanchester, draper
Hay, N. London , merchant
Hoseason , W. Jamaica, merchant
Jackson, T. Wath -upon -Dearne, York, grocer
Johnston , J. London , cheesemonger
Jackson , W.Hanley, Stafford , druggist
Jackson , G. jun. London , surgeon
Kershaw , T. w . Southwark , linen -draper
Knight, J. Castle Cary , Somerset, surgeon
Lazarus, J. London , watchmaker
Leader, B. Bristol, earthenware dealer
Lobato , E. A. P. London , merchant
Lynch , P. Liverpool, woollen- draper
Lee, W. Rotherhithe, ship -chandler
May,W.Spittalfields, Middlesex, bombazeen weaver
Matthews,J. Penzance , sail-maker
Mann, R.& T. Liverpool, iron -hoop -makers
Murrell, W. London , broker
Mansel, T. Pembroke, apothecary
Marriott, G. Melton Mowbray, hörse - dealer
Nicholls, R. Bath , butcher
Nunn, R.Preston ,boot and shoemaker
Nice, T. London , linen -draper
Plant, R. Sunning, Berks, cattle-dealer
Plant, B. Birmingham , gun-barrel-maker
Prole, w . Georgeham , Devon, yeoman
Philips, D. London , stationer
Papps, G. Bristol, hosier
Parker, C. W. Halifax, merchant
Pardow , G.Coughton , Warwick, needle-maker
Rees, W. Bristol, ship -owner
 $54 Register .- Agricultural Report. [ August
Reeve & Leigh, Manchester and London , ware- Spall, G. London , coach -maker
housemen Slipper, J. Crostwick , Norfolk
Sandmark ,A. London , merchant Tidswell, T. Stockton -upon - Trent, baker
Scotland , R. South Shields, ship -owner Thornbury, N., and E. Teylor, Stroud, Glouces.
ter, clothiers
Sampson , J. D. Ipswich , silk mercer
Smith , T. P. Bristol, whalebone brush -manufac- Taylor, J. Ottery St Mary, Devon , smith
turer Wallace, W. Workington , ship - carpenter
Smith , E.Derby, bleacher Whitney, T. & H. Macclesfield , cotton-spinners
Sherwin , J. Burslem , Stafford , iron - founder Wilkie, C.& J. London , yeast merchants
Sparkes, C. L. Southbersted, shop -keeper White , T. North shields , merchant
Smith, T. Wilsden, Yorkshire, dealer in wood Whittington, W. Handsworth, Statford , farmer
Scrubsole , S. Liverpool, merchant Wint, H. De, Stone, Stafford , surgeon
Sizer, G. Holborn Hill , London, mercer Wilson , J. Hanley Stafford, potter
Stone, W. Milverton , scrivener Weldon , J. London , warehouseman

ALPHABETICAL List of Scotch BANKRUPTCIES, announced between the 1st and

31st July 1817, extracted from the Edinburgh Gazette .
Brown & Niven , Edinburgh , hatters and hosiers
Byars, J. Forfar, spirit-dealer
Hay ,J. Delchirach , Banffshire, merchant
M •Allaster & Duncan , Glasgow , merchants
Monteith , Duncan, & Co. Glasgow , grocers
M'Lellan,J. Castle Douglas, merchant
M'Clure, W.Kirkcudbright,merchant
Russell, D. Durie Foundery, Fifeshire,founder
Rutherford , J. jun . Kelso , merchant-tailor
Scott, W. Falkirk , merchant
Stevenson, C. Islandof Islay, cattle -dealer
Stewart, T. Leith and Glasgow , carrier
Thomson , A.Edinburgh , builder
White & Co. J. Glasgow , merchants
DIVIDENDS.
Calton Hill Foundery Company, Edinburgh ; by
Wm Ford , Caledonian glass-work there, 13th
August
Crombie, John , Colinsburgh,merchant ; by James
Stevenson, merchant, Edinburgh, 16th August
Christie, Alex. Aberdeen , merchant; by David
Hutcheon , advocate there, 18th August
Dickie, Matthew , Pennyglen , near Maybole, grain
and cattle -dealer ; by John M'Clure , builder ,
Crosshill, 21st August
Gray, David , Kincardine, ship-builder ; by James
Turcan , ship -owner there, 15th August
Gray, George, Peterhead , merchant ; by George
Yeats, advocate in Aberdeen, 17th August
Hutcheon, Alex. and Charles Nicol, Glasgow , mer
chants ; by John M'Gavin there , 22d August
Lerro, Geo . Edinburgh ,jeweller; by John Graham ,
jeweller there, 4th August
Macfadyen & Maccallum , Glasgow , merchants ;
by P. Grierson , jeweller there,6th August
Mackenzie , David, Peterhead, merchant; by Geo .
Yeats, advocate, Aberdeen , 17th August
M'Kellar, Duncan , Glasgow, merchant ; by Mac
pherson & M'Lachlan ,writers there, 2d August
MLachlan, D. & Co. Glasgow , hatters and hosiers;
by James Imbray, merchant there, 27th June
Shannon , Stewart, & Co. Greenock , and Shannon ,
Livingston, & Co. Newfoundland ; by John Dun .
lop , writer , Greenock , 10th August
Sinclair, Alexander, Glasgow , vintner; by John
Wright, Edinburgh, 11th August
Smith , A. Ayr, writer,builder, and cattle-dealer :
by James Martin , writer there, 6th August

AGRICULTURAL REPORT.

THE almost daily showers which have fallen since the date of our last Report, and for
some time before, and the present very unsettled weather, have placed the prospect of
harvest at a much greater distance than we then delighted to contemplate ; and themore
weighty crops are at last beginning to fall to the ground. After a careful examination of
very recent Reports, from Correspondents in almost every county in Britain , we are led to
believe that the produce of thepresent season, in wheat, barley, and oats, is likely to be at
least equal to an average on allearly soils where sound seed had been sown ; but that even
in these favourable circumstances the harvest must now be late . It will be near the end
of the month before reaping becomes general in the south of England ; and in Scotland ,
the approach of the crops towards maturity has been so slow for these three weeks, that
thereis reason to fear the ensuing harvest will be almost as late as the last. Yet a month
of clear warm weather, after so much rain , would rapidly change the hue of our fields, and
call forth thousands from the abodes of poverty and despondence to the healthy and ani.
mating toils of autumn. Beans and pease will yield a scanty produce. The hay crop has
not been so weighty as was once expected. Hops, and fruits of every kind, and the seeds
of clovers, cannot be productive. Turnips are now suffering from too much rain ; and, for
a month past, little progress has been made in cleaning and dressing fallows. Potatoes
are said to promise a very abundant crop, and, fortunately, a larger quantity has been
planted than in ordinary seasons. Of all our crops, this is perhaps the one to which we
may look with the most gratifying anticipations for the relief of the lower classes.
The corn markets have continued to decline, though but slowly, since the middle of last
month , for which no other cause can be assigned, than the great importations of Foreign
grain ; the effect of which, in reducing our prices, is now no longer counteracted by
our exports to France, where the new crop begins to come into consumption . Butcher
meat, as usually happens in the summer months, has fallen ; 'and cattle for grazing, owing
to the abundance of the pastures, are in demand, at a considerable advance of price ; yet
 F
, ROM
CORN
OF
PRICES
.AVERAGE
GAZETTE
LONDON
THE
Quarter
the
By
Eight
Winchester
Bushels
aof
, nd
Oatmeal
of
Boll
Avoirdupois
lbs
140
,fper
rom
Returns
Officiul
the
in
received
July
ending
Week
1817.)

,1817
.26
INLAND
COUNTIES
. MARITIME
COUNTIES
CONTINUED

Whaat.
.
ye
ats
arley
Rease
eans
PO.OBWheat
atm P.O arley
ye
Rease
BOWheat
ats
eans
atm
S. d.ssd
SS. .

Ist,......46s. 6d.
.8.dsdd.d
s. Middlesex
..
Suffolk
921
56
3
0
51
96
439
732
033
3
5 25
247
245
847
41
00

Wheat.
Surrey 03
90
2
8ambridge
C00|8:56
87 95
1138
040
34
403
6
4048
8
Hertiord
..
4:32
82
033
39
6146
847
90 Norfolk
101
03 0
8
33
6 4
85
401
Bedford
1st,...... 474. Od.
2d, ......40s. Od.
3d , ......346. Od .
0.38
83
Lincoln
04
8,52
230
30
84
444
231
548
041
950
200
Huntingd
il
88
o
York
0
41
10
332
331
0
007
on 49.48
23
832
1:58
06
/32
171
Northampt
20
0Durham
0
11
0144
.8780146
2
3
024
9G 5
0680
60
Ruiland
..
7 81
Northumb
643
0.65
0
91
056
03633
046
454
04
.40
3 9560
Leicester
..
90
0
80 45 4.41 Cumberland
68
972
0
059
5
4
3
11
0.36
056
52464 5
7

Barley.
Nottingham
674
94
048
W|7
!324
10
0
08 estmorlnd
3
051
1.68
055
2
0 8
9
029
Derby 9
•. 1 5
440
030
78
037
056
7 6 042
·83Lancaster
00
00
90
86
4 13
Stafford

1st.......40s.Od.
.801
Chester
20
04
3.63
10.41
0
10
76
3
8
0/33
200
01
0 00
3 500
Salop 5
2
97
34
5
4
8
0
06 20
00522 Flin
.. t 0
85
5 57 4/36 4o 이
00
Barley.

Hereford
101
4.64 13
1150
.152 710
Denbeigh
33
10
0.58 6
80
87
850
11 03
0
10
056 5
Worcester
93 00
Anglesea
4
020
.0.36
67
14
34
10
0690
000 74 00O
.14
400
453
861
039 Warwick
4 00
Carnarvon
2 6 106
1st,...... Os. Od.
3d , ...... Os. Od .
2d, ...... Os. Od .

0 301 92303
Wilts 80
83 4
00 0
10
3
6
6
8880
.105
1 641
Merioneth
04 5
0 5
48
0006
Berks Cardigan
024
056
00
4
4
450191
0
9
112
63 1 6 35
moderately good lamb about 18d. per quarter.

Oxford
. 728
P
.91
656
061 00
5
0
499
60embroke
033 5
3 0
01
Oats.

700
Buc
...ks 027
6
643
0100
0
8
110
Carmarthen
3
040
0 94
080 40
005
10
109
869
76
440
00
113Brecon
00
Glamorgan
80053 0161
1.4.38
00
104
Montgomry 0
0 5
02 093
011
4
74 336
40
11
Gloucester
04566
11
4/36
053
0 Radnor
0Somerset
00
..117
00
2.0
8.9
046 0 O
0 LO
Monmouth
10
00
107
10 0 144
O0
Oats.

MARITIME
COUNTIES
. 058
40
Devon
... 33117
4
000
04
Ess
.. ex 3
0
0136
648
648
73
Cornwall
6)20154
50
434
EDINBURGH.AUGUST 6 .

00
80
97
0082
HADDINGTON.AUGUST 8.

Ken
...t 095
10
43
44
05
01
4039
1 Dors
. et 056
4
534
106
00 7 00
1st,...... 36s.Od.
2d, ...... 32s. Od .
3d, ...... 28s. Od .

Sussex
Register..Agricultural Report.

20
005oo이0104
03..
.36
549
Hants
80
91
009
0
81
Average of wheat, £ 1 : 15 : 9 : 11-12ths.
Average of wheat, £1 : 19 : 7, per boli.

:
Wales
and
England
All 00000000000 -NDOCHNOOO- 00009
Pease .

8O5.,4-B.3. 9s
,9datsye
arley
7s
d4s
8s
5s
eans
d.Pease
1lRWheat
1d
40d
-B1Oatmeal
,.or 2s
.OBig
seer
d
1st,...... 386.Od. 1st,...... 375. Od.

Average
Prices
Corn
quarter
the er
Districts
Maritime
Week
fTwelve
the
o,poffor
.
19
July
ending
ye
1s
arley
0s
d.mBeans
d7s
0.
ats
9s
,9B16O4ease
53P.-R2Wheat
Average
Scotland
of
for
immediately
Weeks
Four
the
preceding
July
.15th
3d , ......27s. Od.
1st,......32s. 6d .
Pease & Beans.
2d , ...... 30s. Od .

64BR
.5,7.- 6s
ye
arley
0s
d._Oats
eans
0d
4s
ease
9-P13dWheat
d5s
6s
Oatmeal
d9s
or 4 Winchester bushels ; thatofbarley and oats nearly6 Winchesterbushels .
Beans.

,446s
Big
or
..2Beer
12th Augusto

Note. - Theboll of wheat, beans,and pease, is about 4 per cent more than halfaquarter,
555

inevery other line havefull employment, though their wagesare stilllow. In Edinburgh

3d, ...... 28s. Od. j 3d ,...... Os. Od. 3d, ......28s. Od. 3d, ......28s. Od. | 3d ,.....279. Od.
1st, ..... 338.Od.
2d,...... 3ds.Od. 22,...... Os. Od. 22, ......348.Od. 2d, ...... 33s.Od. 2 ........30s. Od.
market,on the 5th instant, oatmeal was48. perstone of 174 lb. avoirdupois.-- the quar
tern loaf14d. - new potatoes 18d. per peck ,-beef and mutton 5d. to 7d. per lb.-- and
of therevivalofour staplemanufacture ; andhappily, it isnow certain, thatthe operatives
gone off freely , at more money than it brought last year, which is one of the best proofs
lambs in our northern markets have been sold much below the rates of last year. Wool has
 536 Register . - Meteorological Report. [ August
London, Corn Exchange, August 4. London Maricets continued .
Wheat, per qr. s. 3. Beans, old
Select samples 104 to 106 per quarter . 58 to 62 NewRapeseed , per last, £ 30 £ 32, to £ 36 .-- Linseed
-White runs . 55 to 100 --Tick 38 to 2 Oil- Cake, at the mill, £ 10, 10s. per thousand.
Red ditto .. 50 to 95 - Old 48 to 56 Rape -Cake, £9 to £ 10.
Rye 40 to 54 Pease, boiling . 40 to 45
Barley English 28 to 15 -Gray 42 to 18
Malt 60 to 86 Brank 40 to 55
Oats,Feed (new) 17 to 34 Flour, per sack O to so Liverpool, August 9.
-Fine . 35 to 39 - Second 75 to 35
-Poland ( new ) 17 to 37 - Scotch 70 to 80 Wheat, S. d . s. d . Rapeseed , p. 1. £38 to £ 40
-Fine . 38 to 11 Pollard , per qr. 22 to 28 per 70 libs. Flaxseed , p. hd .
- Potato (new ) 37 to 45 - Second 14 to 18 . English . 8 0 to 13 0 sowing £ 0 , Os .
-Old 0 to O Bran . 8 to 10 New 0 0 to 0 0 Beans , p. gr. s. d. $. d .
-Foreign ... 17 to 41 Scotch 0 0 to 00 English . 45 0 to 65 0
Beans, pigeon . 40 to 18 Quart. loaf, 15 d . Wcish .00 to 0 0 Foreign 0 0 to 00
Irish 6 0 to 7 6 Irish 0 0 to 0 0
Seeds, GC.-- August 4. Dantzic 12 0 to 13 o Peas, per quar.
Mustard , brown , so s . Hempseed , new , Wismar 10 6 to 11 0 -- Boiling : 50 0 to 60 O
Old, per bush . 14 to 18 per quar. 96 to105 American . 12 6 to 13 0 Rice, p.cwt. 30 0 to 34 0
-New ditto . 10 to 16 Cinquefuil . 28 to 35 Barley, per 60 libs. Flour English ,
Old White . 8 to 10 Rye-grass(Pacey )28 to 34 English . 5 0 to 70 p. 280 lb.line 0 0 to 0 0
New ditto . 5 to 8 - Common 10 to 25 Scotch 5 0 to 6 6 --- Seconds 0 0 to 0 0
Tares 8 to 10 Clover, English, Irish .
5 0 to 6 O Irish ,p.210bl. 0 0 to 0 0
Turniy , green -Red , per cwt. 42 to 98 Malt p. 9 gls. 12 0 to 13 6 Ameri . p. bl. 48 0 to 50 O
round . 14 to 16 -White 42 to 95 | Rye, per qr. 35 0 to 40 0 - Sour do. 38 0 to 40 0
White 10 to 11 - For. red 40 to 92 Oats per 45 lb. Clover, p. bush.
Red 12 to 15 -White . 40 to 90 Eng. potato 4 6 to 5 01- White . 0 0 to 0 0
Swedish wh. 0 to 0 Trefoil . 6 to 27 -common 4 0 to 40 Red .. 0 0 to 0 0
yellow 0 to 0Rib grass 12 to 40 Irish potato 4 3 to 5 0 Oatmeal, per 240 lb.
Canary, per qr. 75 to 80 Carraway(Eng .) 48 to 60 common 4 0 to 4 9 English 46 0 to 48 O
-New . 45 to 56 -Foreign 45 to 54 Welsh potato 0 0 to 0 0 Scotch 0 0 to 0 0
Heinpseed 115 to 126 Coriander 8 to 14 | Foreign . 4 0 to 4 6 Irish 0 0 to 0 0

METEOROLOGICAL REPORT.

THE remarks made in our last number on the month of June, are in manyrespects
applicable to the month of July. In point of temperature, as weil as moisture , there is a
striking similarity between July 1816 and July 1817, The mean height of the Thermo
meter , during the former, was 55.6, and during the latter 56 nearly - the quantity of rain
in the first, 3.8 inches , in the last, 3.2. But the most striking fact in theMeteorological
history of the two seasons , and what may perhaps surprise some of our readers, is the
comparative quantities of rain that fell during thethree months of May , June, and July ,
taken collectively. The quantity in 1816 amounted to 7.7 inches, but in 1817 it is 10.6 ..
It is at the same time an obvious fact, that vegetation has made much more rapid progress
this season than it did last ; but it is a fact for which it would perhaps be difficult to ac
count, unless it be supposed that the unusually high temperature of the spring months
raised the temperature of the ground so much as to influence the vegetation of thesucceed .
ing months. This appears to us a very important point, and one which we apprehend
might easily be determined by keeping a regular register of a Thermometer, sunk two or
three feet below the surface of the ground.

METEOROLOGICAL TABLE,
Extracted from theRegister kept on the Banks of the Tay, four miles east from
Perth, Latitude 56° 25', Elevation 185 feet.
JULY 1817.
Means. Extremes.
THERMOMETER . Degrees. THERMOMETER . Degrees.
Mean of greatest daily heat, 62.935 Greatest heat, 25th day, 66.500
cold , 49.226 Greatest cold , 20th , 44.000
temperature , 10 A. M.
.. 10 P. M.
58.226 Highest, 10 A. M. 1st, 64.000
53.425 Lowest ditto , 15th , 53.000
ofdaily extremes, 56.080 Highest, 10 P. M. 3d, 58.000
10 A.M.and10'P. M. 55.830 Lowest ditto . 19th , 49.000
4 daily observations, 55.955
BAROMETER. Inches . BAROMETER . Inches
Mean of 10 A. M. ( temp. of mer. 60) 29.574 Highest, 10 A. M. 24th , 29.885
Lowest ditto , 2d , 29.185
10 P. M. ( temp. of mer. 59 ) 29.590
. both , (temp. of mer. 60 ) 29.582 Highest, 10 P. M. 23d , 29.950
Lowest ditto , 1st, 29.200
HYGROMETER (LESLIE'S .) Degrees.
Mean of 10 A. M. 23.774 HYGROMETER. Degrees.
.... 10 P. M. 9.839 Highest,10 A. M. 19th , 40.000
both , .
16.806 Lowest ditto , . 2d, 6.000
Rain in inches, 3.200 Highest, 10 P. M. 24th, 25.000
Evaporation in ditto , 2.235 Lowest ditto , 1st, 2.000
Fair days 13 ; rainy days 18. Wind West of meridian , including North , 18 ; East of meridian ,
including South , 13.
1817. ) Register . - Births, Marriages, and Deathsą 557

METEOROLOGICAL TABLE,

Kept at Edinburgh, in the Observatory, Calton -hill.

N. B. - The Observations are made twice everyday, at eight o'clock in the morning, and eight o'clock
in the evening.

Attach . Attach
Ther . Barom . Ther . Wind . Ther. Barom , Ther . Wind .

M.62 23. 134 M.65 Warm fore . M.54 29.558 M.587

July 1 { 0.51 106'E . 61
Cble . rain even . July 17 { E. 55 .558 E. 55 ) N. W. Fair.
M.52 28.96 M.38 M.52
2 { E. 53 29.307 E.59 E. Rain . 18
E. 56 .578
.666 M.59 Cloudy, with
E , 60 ) N. w .showers.
M.55 .425 M.59 M.54 .666 M.60
N.W. Fair. 19
3
E. 57 .525 E. 62 19 { E , 55 .66 : E. 64 $ N , Fair .

4
M.54 .480 M.59 E. Fair.
M.59 .636 M.64
E. 52
M.55
.431 E. 59 S
.326 M.38 E. Showerswith
20 { E. 58
M.60
.526 E. 62 ) Cble. Fair .
.408 M.631
5
E. 54 .326 E.59 thunder. 21 { E. 58 .199 E. 63 S. W. Showers,
6
M.61 .326 M.63 M.59 .282 M.62
E. 60
W. Fair. 22 .
E. 58 .453 E. 63 S. W. Showers.
.291 E. 65
7
M.50 .310 M.64 Cble Fair.
. 23 M.58 .690 M.63 W.
E. 54 .366E . 625 E. 60 .828 E. 65 ) Fair

8 SM.53 .392 M.58 N.W. Fair, cold 24 .

M.55 .705 M.63 l E. Fair.
E. 53 .498 E. 58 wind. E. 58 .653 7.63
M.57 .579 M.CO 25 M.58 .427 M.61 ] s . W. Fair foren .
9 E. 55 .599 E. 59 Cble . Cloudy, with E. 58 .538 E. 63 rain aftern .
some rain .
10 M.56 .578 M.58 M.56 .269 M.601 W Cloudy ,with
E. 51 .570 E. 60 Cble. Fair . 26
.129 E. 61 S
. showers .
E. 56
M.52 .578 M.57 M.57 .128 M.62 W. Cloudy,with
214 E. 53 .671 E. 56 s . E.
Cloudy. 27 E , 53 .163 E. 60 ) showers .
12 1.54 .671 M.58 E. 28 M.55 .242 M.61w. Rain .
E. 56 .660 E. 60 Cloudy. E. 52 .428 E. 56 )
M.60 .635 M.64 E.
Fair fore. M.55 .511 M.60 N. W.Showers.
13 E.55 .462E . 60 rain after. 29
E.54 .475 E. 59
141 M.53 .356 M.58
s. Showers . 30
M.53 418 M.59w. Rain .
E.54 .249 E. 58 E. 54 .541 E. 60 S
25 SM.51 .197 M.58 ] E. M.53 .280 M.59 w
. Showers.
E. 51 .331 E. 58 Cloudy. 31
E.54 .340 E. 59
M.53 ,455 M.58 Rain 1.72 in .
16
E. 56.538.E.58 N. E. Fair.

BIRTHS, MARRIAGES, AND DEATHS.

BIRTHS. _8 . At Kilbagie, Mrs Stein , a daughter.

May 7. Mrs Hamilton, St Andrew's Mrs Grey of Millfield -hill, a son. - 10. At
Square, Edinburgh, a daughter. - 22. At Wauchope, Roxburghshire, Mrs Scott of
St Helena, Mrs Vernon , wife of the Rev. Wauchope, a son.- 21. At Dysart, Mrs
B. J. Vernon, a daughter. - 27. Mrs Bell, John Barclay, a son. 23. At Powfoulis ,
32, St Andrew's Square, Edinburgh , a Stirlingshire, the lady of James Bruce, Esq.
daughter. - 28. At Stranraer, Mrs Ross, a daughter.Mrs Macknight, London ,
spouse to Captain Ross of his Majesty's ship street, Edinburgh, a son . - 25 Mrs Lyon,
the Driver, a daughter. Forth -street, Edinburgh, a daughter.-- At
June 1. Mrs Guild, Dundas Street, Edin- Glasgow , Mrs William Copland,a son..--At
burgh, a son . - 3. Mrs John Gibson, Dun- Perth, the lady of James Nairne, Esq. of
dasStreet, Edinburgh, a daughter.- 5. Mrs Dunsinnan, a son.27. The lady of the
Beveridge, North St James'sStreet, Edin- Hon . Lord Cringletie, a son .
burgh, a son.-8. At Kemback -house , Mrs Lately --At Clifton , the lady of the late
Macgill, a daughter. — 22. At Upper Pol- William Chisholm of Chisholm , Esq. a
lock -house, Mrs Forlong, jun. a daughter. daughter.--At Wootton -hill, the lady of
-23. Mrs Colonel Munro, George's-square, the Hon. and Rev. T. L. Dundas, a daugh
Edinburgh, a daughter. - 26. At Irvine, ter. - In Brunswick -square, London , the
Mrs Hair, a son. - 30. At Geneva, the lady of Robert Gillespie, Esq. of Montreal,
Countess of Minto , a son. a daughter.
July 5. At Gordon -hall, the lady of Sir
James A. Gordon , K. C. B. royal navy , a MARRIAGES .
daughter. - 6. At Blandeques, in France, the
lady of Lieut.-Col . Cameron , 79th regt. a January 27. At Madras, Captain John
daughter. - 7. At Perth, the lady of Capt. Mayne, of the Hon . Company's ship Bata
James Ross, of the Carmarthen, a daughter. via , to Mrs T. E. White, widow ofCaptain
Vol.I. 4B
558 [ August
Register.Marriages and Deaths.
John White, assistant commissary- general in the Isle ofMan, late governor of St He
on that establishment, daughter of the late lena . - 24 . William MÅLeod Bannatyne,
Chevalier de Grenier de Fonclane and the Esq. of Bath , third son of the late General
present Lady Chalmers. Bannatyne, to Miss Young, only child of
May 29. At Edinburgh, Mr Alexander Captain Young . – 26. At London, Captain
Stodart,merchant, Edinburgh , to Elizabeth , William Johnson Campbell, third son of
youngest daughter of the late Rev. Thomas the late Lieutenant-general Colin Campbell,
Gray , Broughton , Peeblesshire. to Anna Maria , only daughter of the late
June 2. At Aberdeen, John Brand, Esq. Sir Francis Vincent, Bart. of Stoke D'Aber
writer in Stonehaven , to Jane, eldest daugh- non, Surrey . - 28. At Airly Lodge, near
ter of the late Mr Burnett, writer, Stone . Dundee, William Gourlay, Esq. surgeon in
haven . - 5. At Edinburgh , Mr Campbell the East India Company's service, to Mar
Winton , to Eliza, eldest daughter of John garet, daughter of Alexander Balfour, mer
Grieve, Esq. Sheriff -hall. - 6. At Portobello, chant, Dundee . - 29. At Edinburgh , John
Mr Simon Kemp of Port-Glasgow, toGracie, Campbell , Esq. quartus, W. S. to Miss
second daughter of the lateAlexander Fer- Mary Kirkpatrick Campbell, daughter of
rie, Esq. writer in Edinburgh. – 9. At Edin- Alexander Campbell, Esq. late of the island
burgh , Lieutenant Robert Ford , royal ma- of Tobago.
rines, to Miss Euphemia, daughter of John Lately - At Fantington church, John
Kermack, Esq. Edinburgh. - At Glasgow , Douglas, Esq. of Lockerby, to Sarah,
David Bannerman , Esq. Manchester, to youngest daughter of James Sholto Doug
Mary Harrower, eldest daughter of James ías, Esq. Denworth, Sussex. At Kerse,
Alexander, Esq. merchant, Glasgow . 14 . Robert Walker, Esq. merchant, Falkirk ,to
At Cronstadt, Russia, Mr Vertue of Great Christina, third daughter of John Borth
St Helen's, London, to Erskine C. Booker, wick, Esq. - At Anchorfield, near Edin
daughter of John Booker, Esq. British vice- burgh, Mr Thomas Proudfoot, formerly of
consul at Cronstadt. – 16. At Ardtarig , Ar- Liverpool, now merchant in London, to
gyllshire, Mr Alexander Brown, purser, Mrs Borthwick , only daughter of Thomas
royal navy, to Catherine, eldest daughter of Wilson, Esq . writer, Edinburgh .– At Ber
George Campbell, Esq.—23. At Langley lin , George Sholto Douglas,Esq. secretary
Park , Captain Robert Ramsay, third son of to the British legation, to Miss Rose, eldest
the late Sir Alexander Ramsay of Balmain, daughter of his Majesty's plenipotentiary at
Bart. to Margaret, daughter of the late Pa- that court.--AtEdinburgh, Henry Gordon
trick Cruickshank, Esq. of Stracathro. — 30. Dickson, Esq. W.S.to Eliza, second daugh
At Roxburgh Place, Lieut. Angus Mac- ter of the late William Gillespie, Esq. mer
donald of the 92d regiment, to Robina, chant in Edinburgh . Lord Viscount Eb
daughter ofthe late Walter Macfarlane, rington, to Lady Susan Ryder, eldest daugh
Esq. of Ledard. terof the Earl of Harrowby.
July 1. At Edinburgh , Charles Ritchie,
Esq. merchant, toElizabeth, daughter of DEATHS.
Alexander Reid, Esq. architect. -3 . At
Glasgow , the Rev. Archibald M‘Intyre, March 28. At St Helena , Mrs Porteous,
minister of the Relief congregation, New- wife of Henry Porteous, Esq . of the Hon .
lands, Pencaitland
to Miss Mary Lockhart, Threipland,
Glasgow.- East India Company's service.
5. At -house, S. M. May 14. At Lound, near Retford, aged
Esq. late advocate-general in the Hon. the 22, Esther, the wife of John Walker, Esq .
East India Company'sservice, to Elizabeth, This lady fell a victim to a second attack of
daughter of thelate Walter Campbell, Esq. the small-pox : she took the infection from
of Shawfield . — 7. At Edinburgh, William a person affected with the disease, and ex
Black, Esq. of the Devanha brewery, Aber . posed publicly on the high road . Mrs
deen , to Miss Dorothea Blair Feill, daugh- Walker's former attack was about seventeen
ter of the late Dr James Feild , physician at years ago . - 19. In Piershill barracks, Edin
Petersburgh , North America.-8. At Mo- burgh, the lady of Major Charles Irvine, of
nymusk, HenryIveson , Esk.of Black Bank, the 6th dragcon gnards.-20. In the house
to Miss Jessie Grant,third daughter of Sir of correction at Durham, where he had been
Archibald Grant, Bart.-_- 9. At Glasgow, kept nearly 46 years, a man, usually called
Professor Thomson ofBelfast, to Margaret, Dicky, a lunatic, whose real name could
daughter of the late William Gardner, mer- never be made out, but which is supposed
chant. -16. At Edinburgh , Robert Hunter, to have been Richard Williamson . This
Esq. advocate, to Catharine, eldest daughter extraordinary man was first discovered in
of Mr Archibald Gibson , W. S.--18. At 1771 , in a complete state of nudity, in an
Leith, James Shirreff,jun. Esq. merchant, out building in the fields nearNewton -hall,
Leith,to Miss Jess Millar, second daughter then the seat of Thomas Liddell, Esq. It
of Archibald Millar, Esq. merchant there. has been generally conjectured , that he had
-21. At Prestonpans, H. F. Cadell, Esq. been a lunatic confined in some receptacle ,
Cockenzie, to Miss Buchan Sydserff of whence he had escaped. He was never able
Ruchlaw.-22. At Bath , Major-general Sir either to tell his name, or to give the small
John Buchan, K.C. T. S. to Laura, only est account of himself; nor could any dis
daughter of Colonel Mark Wilks of Kirby, covery ever be made where he came from ,
1817. ) Register. - Deaths. $59

or to whom he belonged , though from his his Majesty's ship Ramillies. - 17. At Bruce
dialect he seemed to have comefrom some field -house, Clackmannanshire, in the 17th
of the southern counties. He was perfectly year of her age, Miss Hannah Dalgleish,
harmless, and appeared to have had a good daughter of Lieutenant- Colonel Dalgleish
education , from his being able to repeat of Dalbeath .- 18. At Edinburgh, Miss
many parts of the service of the church, Elizabeth Dundas, daughter of the late Dr
particularly the morning service, which he Thomas Dundas. - 19. On his passage from
frequently did with great propriety. He is Jamaica, Dugald Campbell, Esq. of Salt
supposed to have been 75 or 80 years of spring. – 20 . At Peers, Salop, aged 75.
Age. - 24. At Glasgow , Lieutenant John Thomas Hill, Esq. third son of the late Sir
Ferguson, of the royal Lanark militia . Rowland Hill, Bart. of Hawkstone Park ,
At Glenlyon -house, Miss Janet Campbell, and uncle of the present Lord Hill.-- At
daughter of the late Jolin Campbell, Esq. Edinburgh, Mrs H. Kerr, relict of the late
of Glenlyon .-- At Heckington, Lincolnshire, William Kerr, Esq. of the General Post
Mr Samuel Jessup, an opulent grazier, of Office. - 21. At Greenock, in the 97th year
pill-taking memory, aged 65. He lived in of her age, Mrs Barbara M.Pherson, relict
a very eccentric way, as a bachelor, without of the Rev. Alexander M.Leod of the Isle
known relatives, and has died possessed of of Skye, and mother of the late Lieutenant
a good fortune, notwithstanding a most in- Colonel Donald M.Leod of Achagoyle and
ordinate craving for physic, by which he St Kilda.-- At Kensington Place, Glasgow ,
was distinguished for the last thirty years of Mr James Buchanan , merchant. - 27. At
his life. În 21 years (from 1794 to 1816), London , Lady Suttie, wife of Sir James
the deceased took 226,934 pills, supplied by Suttie, Bart. of Balgone, M. P. - 29. At
a respectable apothecary at Bottesford , which Cupar Fife, Captain and Adjutant John
isatthe rate of 10,806 pills a-year, or29 Roy, ofthe Aberdeenshire militia. He has
pills cach day ; but as the patient began with left a wife and seven daughters to lament
a more moderate appetite, and increased it his loss . - At Glasgow , Captain James So
as he proceeded, in the last five years pre- merville of the royal navy .- 30. At Ban .
ceding 1816 , he took the pills at the rate of stead, Surrey, Richard Parry, Esq. one of
78 a -day, and , in the year 1814, swallowed the Directors of the East India Company.
not less than 51,590. Notwithstanding this, At Madeira, Captain the Hon . James Ar
and the addition of 40,000 bottles ofmix- buthnot, royal nary. He had gone there
ture, and jalaps and electuaries, extending on account of ill health, occasioned by the
altogether to 55 closely written columns of wounds which he received while in com
an apothecary's bill, the deceased livedto mand of his Majesty's ship Avon.
attain the age of 65 years !-29. At Gib- July 1. At Edinburgh, Captain James
raltar, D. A. Com. General Walter Por- Nicolson, royal navy. - 3. General Philip
teous. - 31. In the 77th year of his age, Martin , colonel commandant of the 6th
James Baird, Esq. of Broompark, formerly battalion of the royal artillery. — 4. At Lon
of Virginia. don , William Bruce, bookseller, in the 730
June 5. At Hieres, in the south of France, year of bis age. He was in the above line
Grace Dundas Rae , eldestsurviving daugh- for upwards offifty years, and was much
ter of the late Sir David Rae of Eskgrove, respected by all who knew him .--5 . At
Bart.- 6. At Edinburgh , John Thomson, Westfield, near Elgin , Thomas Sellar, Esq.
Esq. royal navy .-- 8. In the Royal Military - 8. At Edinburgh, Alexander, and on the
Hospital at Fort Pitt, by Chatham, aged 13th, David, youngest sons of Captain Wate
24, and a native of Leven, Fifeshire, James son , royal navy. At London , the Right
Alexander Oswald , Esq. M.D. The cause Hon . George Ponsonby. He was born on
of his death is awfully interesting, and the
affords a serious warning to all of the me-
5th of March 1755. He was appointed
Lord High Chancellor of Ireland , March
dical profession. Being an assistant in the 25, 1806, which office he resigned , and was
hospital, whilst dressing a patient labouring latterly member for Tavistock. On the
under a mortal disease, he unwarily exposed 18th of May 1781 , he married Lady Mary
an ulcerated surface to the morbid poison, Butler, eldest daughter of Brinsley, the
which, being conveyed into the system , and second Earl of Belvedere, by whom he had
almost imperceptibly creeping up the arm , several children. Mr Ponsonby was , we
fixed in the axilla and breast, and put a believe, one of those very estimable charac
period to a most painful state of existence, ters who till a private station in the most
under which he had languished for three amiable and exemplary manner, and a pub
weeks, notwithstanding every effort of his lic one with propriety and integrity. His
medical friends, and the most assiduous talents were more useful than splendid ;
attention of James Daese , Esq. of Fort Pitt more suited to the arrangement of affairs,
Hospital, one of the most skilful surgeons and the detail of business, and the tranquil
of the army.- 9. At East Sheen, near Rich investigation of truth, than capable of ob
mond , the Hon. Charles Ramsay, second taining a command over the understanding
son of the Earl of Dalhousie.- 10 . At Edin- of others, of dazzling by their brilliancy, or
burgh, John Macfarquhar, Esq. W. S.- controlling by their powers. In truth , he
15. At Edinburgh, in consequence of the was an honest, sincere, steady man ; and
bursting of a blood vessel, Licüt. Alston, of his eloquence was naturally adapted to the
560 Register - Deaths.
level tenor of his mind. He never aspired 16. At Persey , Perthshire, Miss Frances
to thelofty and even dignity of a Pitt , and Farquharson of Persey. - 18. At London ,
was alike incapable of the quickconception Grace Jane, youngest daughter of Alex .
and rapid elocution of a Fox. Hewas less ander Boswell, Esq.of Auchỉnleck, M.P.
fertile in expedients, less perplexing in ar- 19. At Bath , Colonel John Jaques, late of
gument, and less pertinacious in debate, the 51st. The Colonel served under Gene
than Mr Perceval. The ardent spirits of ral Murray at the siege of Minorca, at which
his own party so far ran beyond him in time the late Sir John Moore was a subal .
their attacks, that they almost forgot they tern in his ( then Captain Jaques) company.
fought under his colours ; to whom , there- At Bath , aged 79, John Palmer, Esq .
fore, he was rather a point d'appui after the many years city architect and surveyor.
battle than a leader in the field . - 10. At Perhaps no architect of his day has built so
Northumberland -house, London , his Grace many churches and chapels, all designed
the Duke of Northumberland. and executed with appropriatesolidity, clas
This dis-
tinguished nobleman had been for years a sical elegance, and utility.- 25. At Clifton ,
martyr to the gout, and for severalweeks Dr Walter Craufurd.At Peebles, Captain
past had been considerably indisposed, but Alexander Dickson ,formerly of the royal
wasrecently supposed to be better, and his artillery.-.- 26. At Edinburgh, John Mac
death at last was rather unexpected. The kenzie, Esq . of Dolphinton .- 31. Stephen
Duchess and his sons, Earl Percy and Lord Wight, M.D. aged21. He had gone to
Prudhoe, were, however, with him at the bathe between Leith and Portobello, and
time of his death . His complaint latterly was seen to fall almost immediately upon
was supposed to be a species of rheumatic enteringthe water, it is supposed from the
gout. His Grace was born 25th August effects of a paralytic affection. The body
1742, and was therefore in the 75th year of was carried to the Seafield Baths, and medi
his age. He succeeded his father, Hugh , cal assistance procured from Leith as soon
the late Duke, 6th June 1786 ; married , as possible ; but the usual method employ
first, 2d July 1764, Lady Ann Stuart, third ed to restore suspended animation proved
daughter of John, third Earl of Bute , by ineffectual.
whom he had no issue, and which marriage Lately “ At Malacca, where he had gone
was dissolved by act of Parliamentin 1779. for the recovery of his health, Lieutenant
He married, secondly, May 25, 1779 , Fran. William Carstairs Bruce, 4th native in
ces JuliaBurrell, third daughter of Peter fantry, third son of the late James Bruce
Burrell, Esq. of Beckenham ,Kent, sister to Carstairs, Esq. of Kinross.At Thornton
the Marchioness of Exeter, the Countess of Rust, Wensleydale, Yorkshire, Mrs Jane
Beverley, andLord Gwydir, by whom he Robinson, aged 105.- At Whitwell; parish
had issue five daughters, three of whom are of Paul's Walden, Herts , Captain William
dead , and one is married to Lord James Fothergill, royal navy. - In Kirk Lonan ,
Murray, secondson of the Duke of Athol ; Isle of Man , aged 84, Mrs Ann Currin ,
and two sons, Hugh, Earl Percy, born mother, grandmother, and great grand
April 20, 1785 , now Duke of Northumber- mother, of 104 children ... AtBrighton, in
land, who was some time sincecalled up to her 90th year , Lady Anne Murray, sister
the House of Lords, to sit for the barony of of the late Lord Chief Justice Mansfield..
Percy ; and Algernon, born December 15, Lady Hackett, wife ofSir C. Hackett,Knt.
1792, lately created a peer, bythe title of -Mr Charles Roland Drummond of Hart .
Lord Prudhoe. The Duke of Northum . street, Bloomsbury. He was killed by being
berland has been uniformly distinguished thrown from his horse in Hyde Park. He
by the most munificent liberality, and his died in few hours after. At Bulogurteen ,
loss will no doubt bedeeply felt. The pre- in the county of Kilkenny , James Carrol,
sent Duke was recently married to a daugh- at the extraordinary age of 106 . A few
ter of the Earl of Powis .-- At Acharnich , in years ago an elder brother of his died , aged
Strathspey , Major Charles Grant, late of 117, who was attended to the grave by 80
the Hon . East India Company's service.- children and grandchildren, the least of
13. At Edinburgh, Mr Alexander Walker, whose ages was above 50 years, and a son
wine and spirit merchant.- 14. At London , of his now alive, who is nearly 100 years
Mrs Sarah Holland Walker, daughter of old, and enjoys good health, and the perfect
the late Major Holland , aide-de-camp to possession of all his faculties.-- At Deme
General Wolfe, and wife of Lieutenant- rara , Captain Charles Dutchman , of the
Colonel Robert Walker , Lieutenant-Go- Cognac packet of Hull, who, with his bro .
vernor of Sheerness. - At Bath, inthe 54th ther Henry, and a boat's crew , had been to
year of his age, Lord Arundel. His Lord- the assistance of a vessel in distress ; they
ship is succeeded in his titles by his eldest were caught by a heavy squall, when all
son, James Everard Arundel, whomarried unfortunately perished. These make six
Mary, the only daughter of the late Marquis sons Mr Dutchman , senior, has lost, viz.
of Buckingham .- 15. At Paris, the cele. three killed in action with privateers, and
brated Madame de Stael.At Inveresk , one by an accident at a ship launch in
Edmund Fergusson, Esq. of Baledmund . America.
Oliver & Boyd, Printers .
 BLACKWOOD'S

EDINBURGH MAGAZINE.
No. VI. SEPTEMBER 1817 . VOL. I.

Contents.
ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS. ORIGINAL POETRY .
Observationson AnimalMagnetism.563 Stanzas
Onthe Utility of studying Ancient and
Lines ononthetheDeath of a Young Lady.m623
Custom in Switzerland ,
Foreign Languages mannamm 567 & c. of planting Flowers on the Graves
Remarks on theStudy of some Branches of Departed Friends ib .
of Natural History . mammor 569 Passage through the Desart (A Frag
Meteorological Observations.....mmmm.572 ment ) m624
Fragment ofa Literary Romance (Con Elvershöh ; a Fairy Ballad ( From the
cluded ) memw573 German of HerderJeancomana ib .
On the Symbolical Uses of Saltoram . 579 Verses to the Memory of a very Promis 25
Sketches of Foreign Scenery and Man 2 ing Child... mm6
ners, No IV . mamm58
Geological Observations on Strathearn ...587 REVIEW OF NEW PUBLICATIONS .
Memorandums of a View -Hunter ,Noll1.589 Poetical Epistles, and Specimens of
Remarks on Greek Tragedy, No IV . Translation mm626
( Philoctetes SophoclisJammamanam.593 Sacred Songs. By Thomas Moore, Esq. 630
Memoir of James Grahame, Author of Harrington , a Tale ; Ormond, a Tale.
« The Sabbath . " wwwomanm596 By Maria Edgeworth ( Concluded Jan631
The Progress of Inconstancy , or the
Scots Tutor ; a Moral Talee m 601 LITER ARY AND SCIENTIFIC
Some Account of Colonel William Cle INTELLIGENCE.am amma mm636
land ; with Extracts from his Poems...608 WORKS PREPARING for PUBLICATION642
• The Exact Narrative of the Conflict at MONTHLY LIST OF NEW PUBLICA
Dunkeld , betwixt the Earl of Angus's TIONSummum mamm643
Regiment and the Rebels ,' August
1689 -612 MONTHLY REGISTER.
Notices concerning the Scottish Gypsies FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE . araswa. 647
Concluded ) mumm615 PROCEEDINGS OF PARLIAMENT 652
ANTIQUARIAN REPERTORY. BRITISH CHRONICLE mamamanan -658
Promotions and Appointments can -662
Documents relating to the early History
664
of Printing inScotland.co.... -621 Meteorological Reportmama
Privilege granted by the Lords of Coun- Agricultural Report m.665
cil to the Author of “ Satan's Invisible Commercial Report mm667
Works Discovered "
99
-622 Births, Marriages, and Deathsmmmmmm670

EDINBURGH :
WILLIAM BLACKWOOD, NO 17, PRINCE'S STREET, EDINBURGH ;
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 子
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 BLACKWOOD'S
EDINBURGH MAGAZINE .

No VI. SEPTEMBER 1817. t

VOL . I.

ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS .

OBSERVATIONS ON ANIMAL MAGNET- good to man. On farther reflection,

ISM, however, I havethought it better to
defer this task till another opportuni
MR EDITOR, ty, and to occupy the present paper
THERE is now before me the First with a few remarks relative to the his .
Part of the First Volume of a work, tory of this singular species of mag
entitled, Archive of Animal Magnet neticagency,
ism ," published sin the commencements accessib such as may not be un
le to those who havelittle
of the present year, in the German leisure or inclination for research , in
language, at Altenburg and Leipsic. subjectsso remote from the common
This work is to be continued period path of useful study.
ically ; and the conduct of it has been The great teacher and practical ad
undertaken by three medical profes- ministrator of animalmagnetism in
sors in the respectable universitiesof modern times, was a German Physi
Tubingen , Jena, and Halle, viz . Drs cian named Mesmer. This individual
Eschenmayer, Kieser, andNasse. No first distinguished himselfby a disser
other proof than this is necessary,tation on the Influence of the Stars on
that a system which sound philosophy
the Human Body, which he printed at
had, more than thirty years ago,proVienna in 1766 ,and publicly defend
nounced to be a delusion , has again
ed as a thesis in that university. Bat
been revived in Germany; and hás Father Mehl, a German philosopher,
obtained credit, not merely with the
having, in 1774, strongly recommend
vulgar, but with the more intelli- ed the use of the loadstone in the art
gent classes of society ; and has even of healing, Mesmer immediately be
gained the belief of some, who, from camea convert to his doctrines, and
their having been elevated to the actually carried them into practice with
situation of teachers in the highest success. In the midst, however, of
seminaries of learning, may bepre- his attention to the utilityof the load
sumed to possess a certain reputation stone, he was led to the adoption of a
among men of science. new set of principles, which he con
It wasmyintention, in the present ceived to be much more general and
communication, to have presented important in their application . He
your readers with such extractsfrom accordingly laid aside the use of the
this journal as mightenablethemto loadstone, and entered on the cure of
judge for themselves of the nature and disease on this more improved sys
spirit of those doctrines, which are tem . This apostacy involved him in
said to have excited so much interest a quarrel with Father Hehl, and with
abroad, and to hold out the prospect, the celebrated Ingenhouz, by whom
in their ultimate improvement, of so he had formerly been patronised ; and
much mental, as well as corporeal, as their credit in Vienna was extreme
ly high , and their exertions against
* Archiv für Thierischen Magnetismus, him indefatigable, his system almost
Bvo , 1817. immediately sunk into general disre
564 Observations on Animal Magnetism . [ Sept.
pute. To parry their opposition, he which he published, entitled, Inquiries
appealed, in 1776, to the Academy of and Doubts respecting the Animal
Sciences at Berlin.Here,however, Magnetism.
Mesmer, inin his
his Memoir already
titute of foundation, and unworthy of mentioned, described the agent which
the smallest attention ." Undismayed he professed to have discovered, and
he Animal
miscarriages, he
made a progress through several towns 18 whichMagnetism appellation
he gave ,thein the of
following
of Germany, still practising magnet- manner :- " It is a fluid universally
ism, and publishing, from time to diffused ; the vehicle of a mutual in
time, accounts of the cures he accom- fluence between the celestial bodies,
an
lowed by a denial on the part of his beings ; it is so continued as to admit
opponents. He returned to Vienna å of no vacuum
anothcontion
mairable ; its subtlety does not
illustrating
second time, and unit of , itand
is capable
communi.of
tempt to obtain
for his doctrines, but with no better cating, allthe impressions that are in
success than formerly ; so that, whole cident to motion ; it is susceptible of
ly disconcerted by these uninterrupt- flux and reflux. The animal body is
left Germany, and arrived at Paris in and these effectsseare immediately pro:
the beginning of the year 1778. Here duced by the agent insinuating itself
his prospects soon began to brighten. intothe substance of the nerves. We
Having retired to Creteil with a few particularly discover, in the human
patients ( one of them a paralytic wo- body, qualities analogous to those of
man ), he restored them to perfect the loadstone ; we distinguish in it,
health in a few months; and in con- poles different and opposite. The ac
sequence of this success, the numbers tion and the virtue ofthe animal mag
of those who applied to him for relief netism are capable of being communi.
increased rapidly, and his cures were catedfrom one body to another, ani
of the most astonishing nature. Amated or inanimate ; they exert them
numerous company was daily assem- selves to considerable distances, and
bled at his house in Paris, where the without the least assistance from any
magnetism was publicly administered ; intermediate bodies ; this action is in
and M. Deslon , one of his pupils, is creased and reflected by mirrors ; it is
said to have cleared, during this tide communicated, propagated, and aug
of success,no less a sum than £ 100,000. mented by sound ; and the virtue it
In 1799 he published a Memoir on self is capable of being accumulated,
Animal Magnetism , and promised a concentrated, and transferred . Though
complete system upon the subject, the fluid be universal, all animal
which should make as great a revolu- bodies are not equally susceptible of
tion in philosophy as it had already it; there even are some, though very
done in medicine. Struck, as it is few , of so opposite a nature, as by
said, with the clearness and accuracy their mere presence to supersede its ef
of his reasonings, the magnificence of fects upon any other contiguous bodies.
his pretensions, and the extraordinary The animal magnetism is capable of
and unquestionable cures he perform- curing, immediately, diseases of the
ed , some of the greatest physicians nerves, and mediately, other distem
and most enlightened philosophers of pers. It improves the action ofmedi
Francebecame his converts. Hewas cines; it forwards and directsthe sa
patronised by people of the first rank ; lutary crisis, so as to subject them
hissystem became an affair of bon ton ; totally to the government of thejudge
means of it the physician
and animal magnetism was warmly ment; byacquainted
becomes
espoused by the fashionable world . with the state of
Nevertheless, the new doctrine was health of each individual, and decides
not without its opponents. Some of with certainty upon the causes, the
the ablest pens in France were em- nature, and the progress, of the most
ployed in refutation ofit ; and in par- complicated distempers ; it prevents
ticular, Thouret, Regent physician of their increase, and effects their extir
the Faculty of Paris , and member of pation, without at any time exposing
the Royal Society of Medicine, great- the patient, whatever behis sex, age,
ly distinguished himself by a work or constitution, to alarming conse
1
1817.) Observations on Animal Magnetism . 665

quences. In the influence of the mage of iron that were inserted in its lid.
netism , nature holds out to us a sove- The patients then , arranged in consi
reign instrument for securing the derable number, and in successive
health and lengthening the existence ranks, round the bucket, derived the
of mankind .” magnetic virtue at once from all these
The apparatus necessary for the conveyances : - from the branches of
administration of the magnetism , and iron , which transmitted to them that
the methodin which it was employed , of the bucket ; - from the cord which
were the following. In the centre of was passed round their bodies, and
a large apartment was circular box the union of their fingers, which com
made of oak ,and about a foot or afoot municated to them that of their neigh
and an half deep, which was called the bours ;-and from the sound of the
bucket. The lid of this box was piano forte or a musical voice, which
pierced with a number of holes, in communicated through the air. The
which wereinserted branches of iron, patients were besides magnetised di
elbowed and moveable. The patients rectly, bymeansof a finger or a bar of
were arranged in ranks about this iron , guided before the face, above or
bucket, and each had his branch of behind the head , and over the surface
iron , which, by means of the elbow , of the parts affected, the distinction of
might be applied immediately to the ' the poles still observed . They were
part affected. A cord passed round also acted upon by a look, and by
their bodies, connected the one with having their attention excited. But
the other. Sometimes a second means especially they were magnetised by
of communication was introduced, by the application of the hands, and by
the insertion of the thumb of each pa- the pressure of the fingers upon the
tient between the fore finger and hypochonders and the regions of the
thumb of the patient next him . The lower belly ;-an application frequently
thumb thus inserted was pressed by continued for a long time, sometimes
the person holding it. The impression for several hours.
received by the left hand of the patient In this situation the patientsoffered
was communicated through his right, a spectacle extremely varied, in pro- ;
and thus passed through the whole portion to their different habits of
circle . A piano forte was placed in body. Some of them were calm , trane
one corner of the apartment , and dif- quil, and unconscious to any sensa- i .
ferent airs were played, with various tion ; others coughed, spat, were af
degrees of rapidity. Vocal music was fected with a slight degree of pain , a
sometimes added to the instrumental. Partial or an universal burning and
The persons who superintended the perspiration ; a third class were agia
process had each of them an iron tated and tormented with convulsions.
rod in his hand, from ten to twelve These convulsions were rendered ex
inches in length. This rod was a traordinary by their frequency, their
conductor of the magnetism , and had violence, and their duration. As soon
the power of concentrating it at its as one person was convulsed , others
point, and of rendering its emana- presently were affected by that symp
tions more considerable . Sound was tom . Accesses of this kind sometimes
also a conductor of magnetism ; and lasted upwards of three hours ; they
in order to communicate the fluid to were accompanied with expectorations
the piano forte, nothing more was ne of a thick and viscous water, brought
cessary than to approach to it the iron away by the violence of the efforts.
rod. The person who played upon Sometimes these expectorations were
the instrument furnished also a por- accompaniedwith small quantities of
tion of the fluid ; and the magnetism blood ; and there was among others a
was transmitted by thesounds to the lad who frequently brought up blood
surrounding patients. The cord which in considerable abundance. These
was passed round the bodies of the convulsions were characterised by pre
patients was destined, as well as the cipitate and involuntary motions of all
union of their fingers, to augment the the limbs, or of the whole body ; by
effects by communication. The interior a contraction of the throat ; by sudden
part of the bucket was so constructed affections of the hypochonders and the
as to concentre the magnetism ; and epigastrium ; by a distraction and
was a grand reservoir, from which the wildness in the eyes ; by shrieks, tears,
fluid was diffused through the branches hiccuppings, and immoderate laughter,
 566 Observations on Animal Magnetism . [ Sept.
They were either preceded or followed ultimately to share the fate of every
by a state of languor and reverie, by popular delusion. Fortunately how
a species of dejection and even drow- ever for science, Mesmer's operations
siness. The least unforeseen noise were deemed worthy of the attention
occasioned starting ; and it was ob- of government; and on the 12th of
served, that the changing the key and March 1784, a committee, consisting
the time, in the airs played upon the partly of physicians, and partly of
piano forte, had an effect upon the members of the royal academy of
patients ; so that a quicker motion sciences, was appointed by the king
agitated them more, and renewed the to examine thoroughly the principles
vivacity of their convulsions. Nothing of the new magnetical system . At
could be more astonishing than the the head of this committee was the
sight of these spasms. One that had celebrated Dr Franklin ; and the in
not seen them could have no idea of dividuals united with him in the in
them ; and in beholding the whole quiry were, Majault, Le Roy, Sallin ,
scene, the profound repose ofone class Bailly, D'Arcet, De Bory, Guillotin,
of patientswas not less striking than and Lavoisier. These philosophers
theviolence with which another class immediately entered on the discharge
was agitated . of the duty which had been intrusted
The first part of the work to which to them, with all the judgment and
I have alluded, by Thouret, had for assiduity which it was natural to ex
its object to shew , that the theory of pect from men so eminently qualified
Mesmer, instead of being a novelty in for the task . Mesmer refused to have
science, was an ancient system , which any communication with this commit
had been abandoned by the learned a tee; but M. Deslon, the most con
century before. He demonstrated, in siderable of his pupils, consented to
the most satisfactory manner, by pre- disclose to them the whole principles
cise references to the writings ofPara- and practice of his master, and to as
celsus, Van Helmont, Godenius, Bar- sist them in all their investigations.
gravius, Libavius, Wirdig, Maxwel, Accordingly, the commissioners, after
Sir Kenelm Digby, Santanelli, Tent- having made themselves acquainted
zel, Kircher, and Borel, that all the with the theory of animal magnetism ,
propositions published and avowed by as it was professed by Mesmer,witness
Mesmer were positively laid down by ed each of them repeatedly, its effects
one or other of these authors. In the in public, whenadministered by Desa
second part, Thouret proves, by obser- lon ; theysubmitted, in private, to be
vations and reasoning, remarkable for magnetised themselves ; and they mag
their acuteness andgood sense, that netised others in a variety of circum
all the effects ascribed by Mesmer to stances . The final results of their in
the operation of a newspecies of mag- quiry were communicated to the king,
netism were tobe attributed solely to on the 11th of August, in a Report
the influence of the imagination onthe which was drawn up by Dr Franklin,
body; that they admitted of the same and which will be read with admira
explanation as the cures of thetwo tion, as long as the history of the hu
famous empirics, Greatrakes and Gass man mind affords interest to the moral
ner ; and that to pretend to the dis- philosopher or the physiologist. The
covery of a curative means, which animal magnetic fluid was pronounced
should extend to every species of dis- to have no existence; and compression,
ease, or, in other words, to a universal imagination, and imitation, were shewn
medicine, was an illusion unworthy of to be the true causes of the effects at
an enlightened age . tributed to it. “ The curious and in
Thiswork of Thouret's received, teresting inquiries of M. Thouret,”
from a Committee of the Royal Society say the commissioners, “ have con
of Medicine appointed to examine it, vinced the public, that the theory, the
that praise to which it was so justly operations, and the effects of the anie
entitled , from the talent and the erum mal magnetism proposed in the last
dition it displayed ; and it cannot be age, were nearlythe same with those
doubted , that its influence would alone revived in the present. The magnet
have been sufficient to have arrested ism, then , is no more than an old false
the progress ofthe doctrine it exposed, hood. The theory, indeed, is now pré
even if animal magnetism had not sented (as was necessary in a more en
been , from its very nature, destined lightened age ) with a greater degree
1817.) On Studying Ancient and Foreign Languages. 567
of pomp; but it is not, on this ace ating influence which they have over
count, the less erroneous. ” the understanding . To be convinced
This interesting Report was trans- of the reality of this fact, itis only
lated into English, with an Historical necessary to attend tothe operations
Introduction, in 1786; and it is from of the mind to be called forth in learns
this translation, which is respectably ing any language. In acquiring a
executed , that the preceding detail has knowledge of Latin, for instance, a
been almost verbatim extracted. It person ought, ( if Imay beallowed to
is very important however tomention, borrow the words ofBeattie) to be able
that in addition to this Memoir, which to " show , that he not only knows the
was obviously meant for the public general meaning, the import of the
eye , the commissioners deemed it their particular words, but also can refer
duty to communicate a private Report each to its class ; enumerate all its
to the king; in which , with a laudable terminations, specifying every change
solicitude for the morals of the sex , of sense, however minute, that may
they disclosed certain circumstances, be produced by a change of inftection
accompanying the administration of or arrangement; explain its several
the magnetism , in the highest degree dependencies ; distinguish the literal
unfavourable to the purity of the few meaning from the figurative ; one spe
malefeeling and character,andwhich, cies of figure from another ; and even
by designing individuals, might be the philosophical use of words from
rendered subservientto purposesof the the idiomatical, and the vulgar from
most criminal profligacy. This secret the elegant; recollecting occasionally
Memoir has since been made public. other words and phrases that are sy
An exposure so complete, accom . nonimous or contrary, or of different
plished by men whose integrity and though similar signification ; and ac
talents were acknowledged over the counting for what he says, either from
wholeof Europe, speedily produced the reason of the thing, or by quoting
the effects that were to have been ex- a rule of art or a classical authority ;
pected from it. In a few months, -a mode of proceeding which must
Mesmer and his animal magnetism no doubt operate differently , according
were forgotten. as it is more or less scrupulously ob
Since the overthrow of this system , served ; but by which , even when par
themost remarkable popular delusion tially adopted, and as far as possible
which has prevailed , is the belief in applied to other languages, it will not
the influence of the metallic tractors surely be denied, the attention must
of Perkins. With how much talent be fixed, the judgment strengthened ,
this deceptionwas exposed,by Dr Hay- and the memory improved.
garth and his scientific friends, is ge- All this, it maybe answered , is very
nerally known. To this most able and true, and all this may be safely
intelligent physician, physiology is in- granted ; but it may be asked, in con
debted for a series ofexperiments,dis- formitywith a very popular objection ,
playing; in a manner stillmore striking at how high a price are these benefits
perhaps than had hitherto been done, to be purchased ? Why at the expense
the influence of powerful emotions on of thought ?-at the expense of that
the corporeal frame. G. which alone merits a moment's con
Edinburgh, 1st. Sept. sideration ; for, it may be maintained,
the natural tendency of such an em
ployment of the human faculties is to
ON THE UTILITY OF STUDYING AN abstract the attention from things to
CIENT AND FOREIGN LANGUAGES . words ; from real important know
ledge to things insignificant in them
MR EDITOR , selves, and valuable only as a means
It is my object, on the present occae for the attainment of anend.
sion , to advert to some of the advan- This, however, is evidently founded
tagesof which, if impartially consider- upon error. Every thing is liable to
ed, the study of ancient and foreign be abused . But because some men
languages will be found to be produc- have been deluded by contracted views,
tive. and foolishly imagined that their men
The first advantage which I shall tal aliment was augmented in propor
notice, as resulting from an acquaint- tion as their verbal stores were increag,
ance with such studies, is the invigore ed, it does not surely follow that all
 368 On Studying Ancient and Foreign Languages. ( Sept.
are equally misled by fancy ; or that, enjoyment of the benefits of cultivated
in studying different languages, a man society altogether, or be compelled to
maynot, atthe same time, andwith at listento thatwhich we do not under .
leastequalfervour, attend to thethought stand, and which can only mortify our
as well as to the expression of an au- feelings by impressing us with a sense
thor . In fact, no sensible person ever of our own inferiority .,
thought of separating the twoobjects. But independently of advantages
But besides their utility in invigor- thus extensive and adventitious, ane
ating the understanding, ancientand cient and foreign languages will be
foreign languages oughtlikewiseto be found to be well entitled to attention ,
studied . Inasmuch as they facilitate from the pleasure and instruction
the attainment of our own tongue. In which they themselves are capable of
glancing at this part of the subject, I affording. It is to these languages that
do notmean to insist upon the ad- we are to look for some of the best
vantages of etymological researches, in writers that the world has ever produc
opposition to usage and the practice of ed. In poetry, inoratory, and in some
the best models of English style. branches of philosophy, they have
With respect to their mutual influence never been surpassed . Shall we then
upon composition, the former must deliberately relinquish the possession
undoubtedly be ranked infinitely be of such intellectual treasures, merely
low the latter. But I believe it will because wecannot undergo the toil of
be admitted by the most inveterate rendering them accessible ?
enemy of such inquiries, that by tra Translations will not answer the
cing words to their originals, and by purpose , “ Let any man , ” says the
viewing them in all different varieties writer whom Iformerly quoted, “ read
of acceptation inwhich they have been a translation of Cicero and Livy, and
successively received, a much greater then study the original in his own
insight into the principles of our ver- tongue, and he shallfind himself not
nacular speech will be obtained, than only more delighted with the manner,
have been expected from any
could source but also more fully instructed in the
other . matter . " “ I never could bear to read
Another advantage to be derived a translation of Cicero, ”says Burke,
from acquisitions of this nature arises in a letter to Sir William Jones.
from the intimate connexion subsist- Demosthenes," continues the same
ing between the literature of other writer, “ suffers, I think, somewhat
countries and the literature of this. less; but hesuffersgreatly — so much
They are, indeed,so interwoven with that no English reader could well con
eachother, that there is scarcelyone ceive fromwhence he had acquired
celebrated work in the English lan- the reputation of the first of orators .”
guage whose pages do not teem with " I once intended," says Dugald Stew
allusions to ancient and foreign writ, art, in reference to some extracts from
ers . Their very phraseology is often Bacon, which hehad inserted in the
introduced ; sometimes for its beauty priginal Latin- " I once intended to
--sometimesfor arguments connected have translated them ; but found my
with it. If unconversant with the self quite unable to preserve the
originals from whom quotations are weighty and authoritative tone of the
thus frequently introduced , we must, original.”
therefore, be content to remain ignor- În the enumeration just exhibited ,
ant of many passages in our own writ- it will be observed , I have not included
ers, and, consequently, a great portion the advantages to be derived from the
of our pleasureand our profit must be study of thedeadtolanguages, by per
lost. sons who wish be of the learned
Conversation, too , at least that professions,-- and from that of the live
kind of it which ought most highlyto ing ones, by those whose inclination ,
be prized — the conversation of the or whose way of life, renders it neces
knowing and informed ,-- turns so fre- sary to travel into foreign parts. On
quently upon books, and upon topics this branch of the subject indeed, it
to which books relate, that without a were useless to enlarge ; for topersons
tolerable knowledge ofother languages of this description, such philological
besides our own, or unless endowed studies must be considered not as a
with veryextraordinary powers indeed, mere matter of choice, but as absolute
we must either be debarred from the ly necessary.
1817.) On the Study ofsome Branches of Natural History. 569

REMARKS ON THE STUDY OF SOME ples and of cities upon the sand by the
BRANCHES OF NATURAL HISTORY. sea - shore. *
I believe it will be acknowledged , on
There is not any branch of Natural reflection , as well by the uninitiated as
History which has been more sparing- the learned, that a comparatively im
ly illustrated, in a popular manner, perfect knowledge of those minuter
than the science of Entomology; parts of animals which distinguish and
though it may safely be averred , that characterise the species, if united with
few of its departments present a more a zeal for acquiring an intimate ac
extensive field of observation, or are quaintance with their instinctiveha
more capable of exciting astonishment bits, their uses in the creation , their
and admiration in the minds of its relations to each other as members of
votaries. In truth , Entomology, as a one great family, and their beautiful
science, so far from having kept adaptation to the soils and to the cli
pace with the advancements in other mates in which they exist,is of great
branches of natural knowledge, may er value than an exclusive knowledge,
be said rather to have retrograded dure however perfect it may be, of those
ing the labours of the existing genera- corporeal differences or affinities, by
tion. That the description of exter- which thc various species, families, or
nal character, and the determination classes of animals, may be either sepa
of species, has been carried to a great rated or combined .
degree of excellence cannot be denied ; If, therefore, it be true, that of two
but that a corresponding neglect of evils we should choose the less,I would
the habits, the instincts, and the won- not hesitate to say , that it would be
derful economy of insects, has taken far more advisable that naturalists
place , must also unfortunately be ad- should follow the loose and desultory
mitted . method of Buffon , and others of his
That systematic arrangement is nee school, than by an entire subjection
cessary in natural history, as in all and devotion to all the minutiæ of sys
other branches of human knowledge, tematic detail, to neglect whatever is
is a fact too obvious to stand in need great and beautiful in the science , and
of illustration , and is perhaps suffi- thereby forfeit all claim to the praises
ciently proved by the circumstance of of mankind, as agents in the extension
Buffon - one of the most accomplished ofthe most admirable species of human
men, and the most brilliant writer knowledge. The conduct ofsuch men
whom natural history has enlistedbe- is in fact incapable of vindication, in
neath her banners -- having failed to as far as the perversion of talent, and
induce the prevalence of a contrary the neglect of profiting by those faci
opinion, notwithstanding every effort lities which the nature of theirstudies
of his powerful genius. The want afford them , are incapable of being
of fixed and determinate principles in vindicated.
the arrangement of Buffon , was in- Such a inode of prosecuting scientific
deed “ the very head and front of his research , if it deserve such an appella
offending,” and it is well for science tion, evidently lessens, not only the
that his example has not been fol- degree of interest which natural his
lowed . tory is calculated to excite, but by con
The human mind, however, as has fining this pleasure, limited though it
been often remarked, is at all times be, to the understanding of thoseonly
apt to indulge in extremes, and with ,
in thirty years from the death of that * I have much pleasure in mentioning
philosopher, who affected to disdain one work , which certainly forms an excep
the trammels of system , we have seen tion to the general rule. I allude to the
a cloud of men arise, some of them “ Introduction to Entomology,” by Kirby
not undistinguished in the annals of and Spence, in which manysingular facts,
science, who have devoted themselves judiciously arranged, are collected from the
industriously, and almost exclusively, writings of ancient and modern authors,
which illustrate well some singular particu .
in raising up and tumbling down one lars in the history of Insects. I would also
recommend,
system of classification after another, as worthy of perusal, an ele,
without relation to any consequent gant “ Essay on the PhilosophyofNatural
object of deeper interest or greater History ,” by Fothergill, published a few
importance, like children tracking out years ago, which contains somepleasing and
the plans and the boundaries of tem- enlightened views of the subject.
Vol. I, 4 D
370 On the Study of some Branches of Natural History. [ Sept.
who have made the science the pro- after genus, order after order, and
fessed object of their study, it greatly class after class, till he has almost ex
diminishes the extent and magnitude hausted the arcana of nature ; and
of its influence ,and, consequently t, he then, asit were, satiated for a time by
importance of the science itself. For, the brilliancy of his discoveries, and
it may be asked , what interest can an desirous to benefit humanity, he brings
individual, in pursuit of general in- forth as the offspring of his intellectu
formation , be supposedto take in read al fruition , notan elucidation of the
ing a mere catalogue of proper natnes, manners of animals, or a description
or in poring over an everlasting series oftheir forms, asimmediately and ad
of minute descriptions, from which he mirably connected with their peculiar
may be led to believe, that natural propensities and modes of life, but a
historyresolves itself into a determin- mostelaborate catalogue of their names
ation of shades of colour, or the three and designations, compounded of de
material qualities of length , breadth , mi-Greek and barbarous Latin, which
and thickness; and that animals do not can have no other effect than that of
differ from each other, except in the confounding theintellects of the boys
shape or structure of their bodies, the of Eaton or Harrow , or other semina
organization of their limbs, or the na- ries intended for promulgating a know
ture of their joints, claws, teeth , and ledge of the ancient tongues.
articulations ? Havingrested fora time, anon the
Such, however, would be the natural potent and irresistible spirit of classifi
conelusion of most men , on perusing cation descends upon him. New lights
theworks ofthe worthysystem -makers have pierced through the darkness
of the present day. A rage for classi- which overshadowed him , and again
fication has overpowered every feeling the species, the genera, the orders,
connected with the nobility of true and the classes, are summoned before
science, and the talents ofmen, natu- the dread tribunal, to undergo ano
rally acute, having been diverted into ther and a stricter scrutiny. Spots,
an improper channel, there has been , specks, dimples, and dilatations, and
as might naturally be expected, a de- even entire scales and hairs are dis
clension in intellectual power, in pro- covered, of which noone had, at any
portion to the decrease in the dignity former period, ever imagined the ex
of the objects by which that power is istence. Of course, a revolution in
either exercised or evolved . great part of the system of nature is
What would be thought of the man the necessary consequence. The trum
who would labour for years in acquire pet of alarm is sounded the system is
ing a perfect knowledge of a difficult called upon to make its appearance
language, and after having attained it is weighed in the balance and found
theobject of his wishes, instead of en- wanting and is consequently levelled
deavouring to reap the good fruit of with thedust, presenting tomankind
his perseverance and industry, would a mournful picture of the instability
immediately renounce all communica- of all human wisdom . Thus, then , is
tion with men who spoke that lan- the labour of several weeks, or months,
guage , and forswear the books in which or even of a year or two, and which
it was written ? Would he not be ge- but yesterdaywas considered as a most
nerally considered as an unmeaning perfect anodel of philosophical arrange
enthusiast, a waster of intellect, an ment, as a bright and glittering star
idler in perseverance, or, perhaps, like in the dim regions of science, over
the " Learned Pig," as acting merely turned, and demolished, and cast down,
from the impulse of a certain species and its beams quenched , and extin
of literary instinct, which he was in- guished , and put out, and “ made as.
capable of modifying or rendering a thing that has never been . "
subservient to the dictates of reason ? But let not its successor rejoice in
So it is with the man of science, who this fatal overthrow , or confide in a
rests satisfied , not with collecting facts more durable existence. “ For thou
illustrative of particular traits in the art perhaps like it for a season , thy
character and habits of animals, for years shall have an end. Thou shalt
these would be useful, although no in- sleep in thy clouds careless of the
genious or philosophical deductions voice of the morning ,” — and “ men
were drawn from them ; but who, re- shall seek for thee, and find thee not ;
tiring to the solitude of 'nis museum, and thy very name shall be unknown.'
examines species after species, genus What indeed can afford a more con
1817.) On the Study of some Branches of Natural History. 571

vincing proof of the errors which exist sibly be derived from these and simi.
in the present mode of prosecuting lar proceedings. When I talk of bene
the study of particular branches of fit, I allude not to the question of cui
natural history ,than the never-ceasing bono, which might be put by a world
changes which take place in the views ly man while emptying his daily gain
and principles of the system -makers into his coffers-- but what increase of
themselves. Not ouly do they in knowledge is derived from it ? what
many essential particulars differ from light is thrown on the beautiful opera
each other, butwhat is peculiarly un- tions of nature ? Is natural history,
fortunate, thesame individual is rarely properly so called, in any degree dig
impressed with similar ideas concern- nified or advanced by such modes of
ing the true principles of classification study, andby such precious lucubra
for a longerperiod than a couple of tions? Isthe wisdom of Omnipotenee
months at a time; so that it would be glorified by the discovery, that one in
scarcely possible to conceive a more sect has a joint more in the articula
fruitless task , than an attempt to give tions of its antennæ , and another a
an exposition of the different systems joint less in those of its toes, than has
of the naturalists of the day, as the hitherto been supposed ? unless, in
author, on having finished what he deed, it be at the same time shewn,
thought a very fair and luminous and which it universally may be, that
statement of their doctrines, would such variations and distinctions are the
find that one half had in the interim result of a beneficent Providence which
renounced their former opinions, and uniformly and wisely,adapts themeans
erected their new systemsupon prin- to the end in view ; or is there no o
ciples most opposite to those which ther mode ofinvestigating the wonders
they had formerly assumed . of this beautiful world, than by taking
It would be easy to illustrate the every thing piecemeal with a pair of
truth of these observations, by exam- pincers ?
ples from the productions of ingenious I am far from wishing to throw
men both at home and abroad ; but ridiculeon the labours ofthe profes
it is not the object of this short com- sed zoologist. A knowledge of the
munication to enter at present into detail of natural history is necessary to
detail. Such an examination in fact the enjoyment of her sublimest mys
would be tedious and perhaps unin- teries. What I would object to is
telligible, to those who have merely merely the study of this detail, to the
attended to natural history as a popu- exclusion of more enlarged, I may add
lar science; and to those who are more more enlightened, views.
deeply versed , it is unnecessary to The preceding observations are in
notice facts which are so palpably ob- some degree applicable to the spirit
vious. Too abundant proofs may be which at present may be said to per
found in some modern systems, where vade every department of zoology,but
the lists of synonyms, and the refer- that which I have chiefly in view is
ences to former emanations of the clas- Entomology, or the Natural History of
sifying principle, sufficiently demon- Insects. It may indeed be supposed
strate their own fallacy by contra- by some, that these minute creatures
dicting each other. Every enlighten- are too insignificant to deserve our at
ed naturalist must be aware of the in- tention , or , that if studied at all, the
jury which science sustains by such method already alluded to was the on
most erroneous and mistaken views, ly one which , from their utter want of
and of the ridicule to which those who importance in the economy of nature,
maintained them have exposed them- could possibly be pursued. But this
selves. Perhaps that ridicule may not is a most lame and impotent conclusion .
have reached their own cars, but its I remember the words of an old poet,
cause must be apparent even to them which deserve the perusal of such
ifthey choose to open their eyes. reasoners . The passage is from a
“ But what are lights to those who blinded curious poem by Guidott, on the his
be
tory of the ephemeron, “ a wondrous
Or who so, blind as they that will not see pº fly that liveth but five hours,” prefix
ed to Tyson's translation of Swammer
It would be well if these distin- dam's Ephemeri vita.
guished votarics of science would in- “ Although the great Creator's wisdom hone
form us of any benefit which can pos- Both in his foot- stool and his throne,
572 Meteorological Observations. [ Sept.
Though greater bodies made the louder extended and ever- varying field of
noise, enjoyment to those whose minds are
Yet in the lesser is a voice,
A voice, though still, capable of being excited by the sublime
That doth the mind with admiration fill,
perfections of nature. To him who
And gives to man the product of his will. regards it with a philosophical eye , it
The insect world , when truly known, isindeed a sourceof the purest plea
Doth both his skill and glory too, declare , sure .In the depth of the most se
They a Creator own cluded valleys, the resources of his
No less than doth the Sun , mind never fail him ; he feels not
Their Rise, their Life, their End, alone on the mountain top, though
Sparks of wise pow'r comprehend ." enveloped in mist and vapour ; amidst
Natural history, in fact, consists of the toil, and the bustle, and the fever
two distinct divisions. The first com- ofa city, he is calm and serene. A
prehends the classification of the vari- still and placid state of mind is the
ous races of animals — the description necessary result of an attentive consi
of their external form - and the form deration of the facts of natural history ;
mation of a correct and applicable no- and nothing proves, in so pleasing and
menclature ; the second, and without beautiful a manner, the existenceof an
doubt by much the more important, Omnipotent Being, as a careful exa
includes the description of their man- mination of the works of nature .
ners, habits, and uses, whether in the Natural history, indeed , in the true
economy of nature, or , as subservient and liberal acceptation of the term ,
to the benefit of mankind, of their has been the study of the most ele
food, growth , habitations, and modes vated minds in every age, To the
of rearing their young — an account of poet it holds out many and great in
their hybernation, migration, and other ducements, as one of thenoblest store
most singular instincts — and a com- houses of the imagination ; and the
prehensive view of their mutual rela- regard which has been bestowed upon
tions, and their physical and geo- it by that enlightened class of men ,
- graphical distribution over the earth's demonstrates its power over the mind,
surface. and its consequent value and import
In regard to the former, however ance as a study.
useful it may be as an accessory to the In fine, as long as the human mind
delightful pursuits to which it leads, remains pure and unsullied — as long
if considered in relation to itself alone, as it is excited by what is beautiful in
few branches of human acquirement simplicity andtruth - as long as it de
can be said to be more tedious, me- lights to dwell on the sublime pro
chanical, and imperfect, or more de- ductions of Omnipotence, contrasted
voidof real interest and utility. No with the feeble efforts ofart - it will
mind, unless blinded by prejudice derive pleasure and instruction from
rendered callous by habit and the the study of nature. P. F.
force of early example - or naturally Edinburgh, 7th June 1817.
destitute of the power of indulging in
extended and enlightened views -- can
pursue it to the exclusion of the other.
It exhibits no new views of the econo METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS .
my of nature it makes no adequate
impression of the power, and the good- MR EDITOR ,
ness, and the wisdom , of Providence, In the Meteorological Table for Edin
-itconducts neither directly or indie burgh, given byyou, I perceive the
rectly to the exposition of final causes observations are made at 8 o'clock in
-it affects neither the fancy, the ima- the morning and 8 o'clock in the even
gination , nor the heart, and exists of ing. Permit me to say, that during
itself, and by itself, unconnected with atleast eight months in the year, this
other studies of a more intellectual na- will give us the temperature of the
ture " with no rainbow tinge to ale night, and not of theday and night
lure our gaze by its beauty -- not one combined ; and, judging from my
celestial hue to lighten the dull mate- own observations here, itwill exhibit
riality of its aspect.” the average temperature of Edinburgh
The latterdivision of the science, eight or ten degrees too low . The
however, is fortunately of a very difa' average difference between the heat of
ferent nature . It presents a widely the day from 10 to 5, and the heat at
1817. ] Fragment of a Literary Romance. 673

8 in the morning and 8 in the even- most scrupulously obeyed. I was con
ing, will be considerably greater. ducted into a superb apartment, the
To obtain an accurate statement of walls of which were covered with mir .
the temperatureof a place, the obser- rors, shewing me my own ill-apparelled
vations should be made every hour ; figure in every possible attitude and
but this is attended with so much direction - in front, profile, back view ,
trouble and inconvenience, that it will side view, foreshortened, butall equal
in a very few cases be attempted. Four ly trueand mortifying . My shabby ha
times a day will be accurate enough biliments were soon whirled offbymy
for comparisons : at 6 or 7 in the aerial little friends the Peris, not with
morning, noon , 4 in the afternoon, out many significant nods and sly
and 10 or 12 at night. But even three looks at each other, as they discovered
will do very well ; and then we should the holes which had before been in
substitute 1 or 2 in the afternoon for geniously concealed by my slippers,
the middle period . I limit my ob- or the patches which now for the first
servations tothree, but circumstances time emerged into open day. My
generally prevent me from making the new dress it is needless minutely
middle one till 5, which is rather too to describe. It was rich , full, and
late . flowing. I was literally "i clothed in
I have further to observe, that the purple and fine linen ;" and after the
Calton, which is stated to be 350 feet toilet was completed, one ofmy wing
above the level of the sea, is too ele- ed domestics, hovering above my head ,
vated . The average temperature of sprinkled meover with perfume which
that hill, I should think, will be some she scattered from a little censer.
degrees below the general average tem When I stood up, inhaled the delicious
perature of Edinburgh. C. P. fragrance which was emitted , and per
London , 9th August 1817. ceived myself reflected as before on
every different side, I felt a kind of
complacency and satisfaction, which
was a striking contrast to the mortify
FRAGMENT OF A LITERARY ROMANCE. ing reflections my former appearance
had created. It is difficult to express
(Concluded from page 471.) the contempt with which I kicked in
CHAP. II. to a corner my former thread - bare
apparel.
“ A DREAM - a golden dream - what fan . It was now pretty well advanced in
cies wait
the evening, and the sun was just set
Upon our sleep and yet I wake ; they are ting behind the mountains, which en
Apparitions . closed the valley, as I set out for
I FOUND that the directions of my Jovius' villa , under the guidance of
Conductress, as to my toilet, had been one of my Peris. The scene which
now presented itself was consummate
This is taken from the Doubtful Heir, ly beautiful. The romantic peaks of
one of Shirley's plays. Few writers of that the mountains were partially gilded
age possess greater poetical merit than Shir- with his beams, whilst their broad
ley. He has not certainly the ingenuity of bases lay buried in shade. The lake
plot, and astonishing variety of character, itself was, in the words of the greatest
which , in addition to his higher beauties, we master of romantic painting,
findin his great contemporary Shakspeare ;
but in the pathos, melody, and eloquence, “ One burnish'd sheet of living gold .”
of his single speeches , he isunrivalled.It The spires and colonnades, which have
is in no common degree delightful to
those authors of this age, who,inthewords been before described ,-- and the lofty
of Spenser, lead us “To the pure well of trees which surrounded them as they
Englisheundefiled,” before thelanguage was caught the level rays, shone with a
corrupted by that unnatural mixture of lustre , which was finely contrasted
foreign terms, and far-fetched and borrowed with the blue and shadowy haze which
phrases,which have latelyso profusely flow- enveloped the restof the landscape.
ed into it. Even in common conversation Sunset has been often described, and
it has become fashionable to haveconstant has been as often pronounced stale
reference to French expletives. This is un
worth y of our national spirit, and a deepin . and trite-ground, by the critics. Yet
dignity to the manly language of the Eng. to myself, if there is any time in
lish people. which Nature appears more lovely
574 Fragment of a Literary Romance. [ Sept.
and her language more deep and de- As we walked forward, I perceived,
votional than another, it is at sunset. on one side of the road , surrounded
But I must proceed with my narration. by woods, a large turretted building,
As I continued my way, i perceived , from which, as I approached, I could
carelessly seated beneath a tree, whose distinctly hear sounds of such deep
foliage overhung the road , on a mossy complaint, and shrill and high -toned
eminence at itsroot, a figure, who, by objurgation, as convinced me thatno
the intentness with which he gazed on scene of merriment was concealed
the scene before him , appeared cer- within them .“ That,” said the Peri,
tainly none of those who affect to be " is our Bridewell, or Literary House
tired of sunset. He seemed wholly of Correction , and the murmurs you
engrossed in his own contemplations, hear proceed from those unfortunate
and if he moved , it was only to authors whose literary crimes have
raise his head to heaven in an attitude there condemned them to a temporary
of deep thought, and with an expres- punishment. We have no time fully
sion in which there was a mixture of to examine it, but we may just take a
triumph and devotion . There was peep into the wood , and trust to what
something in the air and appearance first offers."
of this Solitary which rivetted my at- As we entered , I saw , seated at some
tention . I stopt instinctively, and, distance from me, a man, who appear .
pointing to him , turned to the little ed to be writing something much de
Spirit who walked beside me. It evi- gainst his will. He took every oppor
dently had not perceived him, for im- tunity of stopping in his labour,-bit
mediately on doing so , it put its hands his nails, tore his quill, made various
to its lips, motioning me to be silent ;« contumelious lounges with his pen at
and coming close up, “ That, ” said his inkstand, and exhibited every pos
she, “ is one of the greatest men in sible indication of impatience and dis
our valley , and we are under the gust. But whenever he stopt, two
strictest orders never to intrude upon little fiends, in the shape of printers'
him in his solitary hours. Here is a devils, who stood on each side of his
spot, however, from which you may table, admonished him , by a stroke of
In his coun
him - Thaclear
see .him t is ly
Wilwith
liaout disturbing
m Shakspear
theirwhips, to proceed.
e .' tenance there was an expression of
At this magic name it is impossible to great talent, but seasoned with no
describe my sensations. Shakspeare, common dose of malignity and deri
the immortal, the imperishable Shak- sion . At some distance, and seeming
peare , was before me. Had all the ly smiling at his misery, stood three
emperors in the world appeared , I aged -looking persons. One in parti
could have turned my back on them. cular I remarked , as in his appearance
It was indeed a moment worth cen . one of the most striking -looking men
turies of after existence, which showed I ever beheld . His countenance, and
me Nature in all her loveliness, and indeed his whole demeanour, was that
Shakspeare, her own anointed , seated of an ancient Roman . It was render
like her high priest in the temple of ed more venerable by a long beard ,
her beauty. I felt, as I approached which reached almost to his middle ;
nearer the mount on which he lay, and his figure ,which was considerably
that I was on holy ground ; and as I above the middle size, and enveloped
passed by in silence , fearing to awake in flowing drapery, recalled to my
him from his profound meditation, it mind those white-stoled sages who
was with feelings little short of ador- wandered in the groves of the Acad
ation , I could not help often turning emy. I thought that, as the unfore
back , fearful that I might have seen tunate scribe looked at this remarkable
him for the lasttime. At length he person, his countenance assumed a
arose, and, winding slowly down the tone of darker malignity, and his un
mount, disappeared in thewoods. As willingness to write evidently brought
my eye gazed after him , the Peri ob- more reiterated admonitions from the
served « that I need not look so devils at his elbow . The old man , on
wistfully , for I should certainly see the other hand , looked on him with
him at Jovius' root. He and old an expression which convinced me
crusty Ben Jonson will be there to a that his feelings were more in sor
certainty , and you may chance also to row than in anger ."
find his other favourite cronies, Shir- “ That first culprit, whom you see
ley and ugly Will Davenant.” yonder , ” said the Peri, " is the fa
1817.) Fragment of a Literary Romance. 575
mous, or rather the infamous, Sciop- sar Scaliger, Casaubon, and Thuanus,
pius, a man , who by his talents, his most celebrated names, as you well
malevolent and perverted criticism , his know , andagainst whom Scioppius ever
literary forgeries, and his bitter and entertained the most deadly rancour.
biting satire, has had the honour of His punishment is an ingenious one,
causing more hearts to ache than any and to him the most severe that could
who have ever gone before or who he allotted . He has been condemned
may ever come after him. Although to write an eulogium of Scaliger, in
it was his lot to live in the sixteenth which you see him now employed,
century, and during an age which , and to refute in it all those calumnious
more perhaps than any other, was feré and lyingaspersions which he engrosse
tile in great and illustrious men , yet ed in his Scaliger Hypobolimacus.
no talents, however exalted, no sta- Those little devils with their whips
tion , however sacred , no disposition , admonish him to diligence ; and as he
however gentle or unassuming, could dare notrise from his table, even to
avert the venom of his censure, or meals, till his eulogium is concluded,
sweeten the corrosive bitter of his hislittle dinner is cooked before him ;
quill. Hiswalk through the fields of andto complete his mortification, his
geniusand literature was like the pase fowls are singed with his Exercitationes
sage of the simoom over the gardens Rhetoricæ , and his apples roasted in
of my native Arabia . It withered the leaves of his Infamia Famiani.*
every flower of genius, and blasted all But we have no longer time to spend
the infant blossoms of the mind. He on Scioppius."
has darkened with his sacrilegious As we turned from this part of the
breath the fairest pearls which glitter- wood , I discerned , at a distance, one
ed on the string of poesy; norwas it man undergoing the most signal casti
for want of will that he did not des- gation from another, who stood above
troy the noblest links that connected him in a most merciless attitude.
the chain of science. Punishment has, “ Whom do you imagine that pair to
however, at last overtaken him. Oba be?"said my little airy Spirit. 1pro
serve with what malignity he eyes the fessed my ignorance.-- " Why, that's
persons near him . Livy, the Roman historian, mauling
• Videt ingratos intabescitque videndo.' the poor battledore-maker who made
An Eastern Peri of Gennistan his battledores with the parchment of
quoting Ovid, thought I to myself. one of his best Decads.
That wonder must be the subject “ But turn to the right hand, before
of future interrogation. I must not • The works of Gaspar Scioppius are
at present interrupt her account. very numerous. — See his Life at some length
“ Those three aged -looking persons, in Bayle. His Scaliger Hypobolimæus is a
whom you see near him , are Julius Cæ- refutation of the celebrated letter of Joseph
Scaliger's, in which he gives a particular ac
The Peris are all of Arabic extraction . countof the life of his father Julius Cæsar Sca
See D’Herbelot, quotedabove in part I. liger, and attempts to prove his descent from
This must also excuse the metaphors she the Princess of the House of Scaliger in Ver.
uses, and the hyperbolical tone of indigna- ona. There is not the least doubt that Sciop
tion which she assumes. The speech ofthe pius introduced innumerable falsehoods into
little Spirit brings to my mind those fine lines this work ; but, on the otherhand, it seems
inGifford's severe andlashing, but most ad- just as evident, that Joseph Scaliger, in his
mirable , Epistle to Peter Pindar. description of the family tree, andthe vari
“ Truckdown,
praise for lust_hunt infant genius ous anecdotes of his father's earlier days,
has indulged pretty freely in theoretical con
Strip honest merit of its last half -crown. jecture, and , not unfrequently , in direct
Blow , from thy mildew'd lips, on virtue blow , forgery. The Infamia Famiani is an at
And blight the Goddess thou can'st never tack on the first Decad of the History of
know ; " the Belgie Wars, by Fainianius Strada. In
Is Mr Gifford's muse to be for ever silent ? speaking of Scaliger,it is impossible not ta
“ Is her most eloquent tongue now mute for add, what must strike every one who is
ever ? " anxious for the interests of knowledge, that
Thecountry has a claim on one who pos- a life of Joseph Scaliger, with anecdotes of
sesses his poetical powers. Has he forgot- the literary men of his time (which would
ten the expectations which his motto must be in fact, if properly executed , A History
raise. of the Revival of Letters and Philosophy in
* Nunc in ovilia Europe ), is at present almost the greatest
Mox in reluctunies dracones." desideratum in modern literature.
4
576 Fragment of a Literary Romance. [ Sept.
we leave this scene, and you will see Italian ; when Regner Lodbrog com
The group municates with his Scalds in the Norse
a singular group enough .'
certainly was an uncommon one. It tongue, and Confucius spouts Chinese
consisted of only three figures. One at his toilet, did we not understand
a venerable -looking man , who, not these languages we should stand like
withstanding the mildness of his ex- so many stocks, unable to devise their
pression , and the pacific- looking suit commands, or administer to their ne
of quaker -gray in which he was habit- cessities. No, no, this would never
ed, stood in a firm erect attitude, and do. We must be well versed in the
along-side of him a little devil with tongues before we come here. We
a cane in his hand raised and ready. are taught them from our earliest
Beside these stood a learned - looking years, and become linguists ' a teneris
mitred -father of the Church ; and on unguicolis.' A Peri'splace is no sine
the back of this reverend prelate was cure , sir.
placed , in no very comely position , a • Nil sine magno
poor trembling pedlagogue- looking be- Vita labore dedit mortalibus . '
ing, with his breeches taken down evi- We must ever be ready to listen to
dently by premeditation , and his arms
the least whisper of a command from
pinioned across theneck and fixed on our masters in the valley, and to find
the other side by the strong grasp of out also how it may be most easily
the bishop The cane, which had executed. • Ausculta et perpende.'
been raised in the air, was now appli- That'sour motto. And now, Ithink ,
ed very smartly to the lower quarters after this lengthened harangue, I may
of the pedagogue ; and between every conclude with Anacreon's dove.
stroke I could hear some little obser
vation or other made by the venerable • Λαλιφεραν μ'εθηκας
superintendent. - Such as, take that Ανθρωπεκαι κορωνης.
for Massenius - So much for the inter- “ No apologies, Peri,” said I ; no

polations from Hogaeus. — That's not apologies for your talkativeness. Tis
too smart for Staphortius”-which most delightful for me to meet with
seemed to increase the energy of the in- so learned , intelligent, and classical a
fernal castigator, and to add bitterness spirit; and I intreat, that so long as
groans
to “theThat of theunfortunate culprit. Iremain inthis new world, I may,
group," said the Peri, “ con- have the pleasure of your attendance.
sists of Milton superintending the “ That, sir," said the Peri, “ to the
punishment of Lauder, who so cruel- best of my ability, you shall have ;
ly defamed him , and Bishop Doug- and although you greatly overrate my
lass, or , as we generally name him, am re
poor talents, yet itis true, I
Detector Douglass, performing the marked among my brethren as being
part of Janitor," - And if Samuel too fond of a learned seclusion. Often ,
Johnson had got a back stroke or after our day's labour is finished, and
two for his carelessness, thought I, it our little flower scrip emptied, when
would have been only what he deserve the rest of our fraternity are dancing
ed ; " but we must proceed now , Peri, after dinner in theair, or bathing and
escape to
otherwise we may chance to be late frolicking in the lake, I will andthere
for Paulus' rout. By the way , I may some sweet and sunny cloud,
ask , as we go along, how you came, póre over my favourite author till my
Peri,to quote Ovid so appositely in companions come frisking by and tell
describing poor Scioppius. You don't me I am stupifying and besotting my
study.”
speak Latin in Gennistan, do you ? ” wits with remonstrance,
Lord, sir," answered she, “ we must “ This Peri, of your
all be able to speak not only Latin, but light-bodied friends, when , after the
all the learned and ancient tongues, duties of the day, you retire to study,
before we can be admitted as domes- puts me in mind of the speech made
tics here. What could wedo amongst to one who was asfond ofstudy, and
so many learned men of all countries, as severely taxed for it as yourself
if we were ignorantof their languages ? old Dan Chaucer. Dan was always
When Sadi calls for his roseate bever- fond of putting his moral maxims in
age in Persian , or Demosthenes thun. to the mouths of birds and beasts,
ders outhis messages in Greek ; when and, if you recollect, he makes the
Abulfeda scolds us in Arabic, or Pe- eagle say of him in his House of
trarca despatches his billets doux in Fame
1819.) Fragment ofa Literary Romance. 577

• For when thy labour all done is, of correction, and in our literary dis
And thou'st made all thy reckeninges, sertations. A sharp eye may discern
Instede of rest and of new thinges, the little stars beginning to twinkle in
Thou goest home to thy houseanone, your clear and liquid heaven ; and see ,
And all as dombe as any stone
Thou sittest at another boke, what a lovely crescent is resting on
Till fully dased is thy loke.' yon filmy cloud !" _ " Be not afraid ,
we are
House of Fame. master," said the Spirit :
just at the gate of Jovius' villa .” — As
“ But never be ashamed , Peri, of she spoke, we entered a dark avenue
these remonstrances. Believe me, composed of trees, whose aged branch
what Dan calls the dasedness of study es metat the top, and formed that
isbetter than the merriment of empti. species of shadowy and religious aisle
ness. — But we have put off too much to which the ingenuity of modern
time in the examination of your house theory has traced the introduction of
our Gothic structures. Towards the
• These reckeninges, which Chaucer had end of this avenue, at a considerable
to finish before he found time to study, distance through the intermingling
were theduties of his office of Comptroller branches, I saw, constantly moving,
of the Customs, conferred on him by sometimes appearing, and at other
the influence of his magnificent friend times disappearing, many lights, which
and patron, John of Gaunt. See, on this, left me no doubt that the villa of our
Godwin's Life of Chaucer, vol. iv. c. lv. host was situated at the end of the
a work in many respects amusing and avenue. It was a very striking scene.
instructive, though often desultory in the
last degree. The conjectural species of bio. The dark avenue, the silver crescent
graphy adopted by Godwin is carried to an which shone serenely through the
excess whichis sometimes quite ludicrous. boughs, and the solemn tranquillity
Chaucer perhaps saw Petrarch in Italy , of all around me, formed a striking
perhaps studied at the university of Paris- contrast the constant agitation and
perhaps lived in Donnington Castle "he flickering of the lights in the distance.
probably
mindof had a largeofshare informing the ." Howis Nature
sweet , when
how she
silent, how
the Patron Wickliffe " -his son beautiful rejoices,"
was almost certainly created Speaker of the
HouseofCommons--hewas most likely of thought I. “ How inconstant, how
>

a convivial disposition - and it is probable, agitated in his pleasures is mán .

that the grant of a daily pitcher of wine. This avenue, too, was dearer to me
which is four bottles a -day,was for the for another reason : for whether it was
poet's own daily consumption .Yet although that mymind was thendwelling upon
this is the greatfaultof the work , that the former days, or that the coincidence
doctrine of probabilities iscarried too far, merely accidental, it recalled to
that conjecture oftensuppliesthe place of wasmy memory ascene of our own world
certainty, and possibilities assume the tone with which I was deeply familiar,
of truths - yet that labour certainly is never
to becondemned, which has beenindus- which I had once most fondly cher
triously and often ably employed in the ished , but which now is lost to mefor )
elucidation of the life and character of the ever . As we advanced nearer to its
great Father of English Poetry, of one who termination, the brilliancy of the
was in many, respects the creator of our lights increased , the dark outline of
language, and perhaps the greatest master the building was seen on the sky, and I
of humour that hasever appeared. It is heard the music sounding in its halls.
thecritical part, however,of the work of At length wereached it ;and afteren
Godwin
last , and which
volume, that more particularly
forms in the tering the porch, and walking through
its chief excel.
lence ; and yet, perhaps, the most pleasing several passages , which were superbly
part of all is that individuality which the illuminated, two folding doors, at the
author has succeeded in giving to the char. touch of the Peri, expanded '“ their
acter of his bard, by the discovery of those wings of pride."
little minutiæ in his manner of life , in his
general temper and conversation , which are o Within them was one blaze of light,
so interesting in theirconnexion with great A thronging scene of figures bright."
men .
Had Tod, in the Life he has givenAnd certainl
y poor Ellen,when she
us of Spenser, possessed somewhat of the threw her timid but beautiful gaze
imagination of Godwin , and had Godwin's
ardour and ingenuity been more tempered over the assembled Court of King
by something like the diffidence and cold . James, was not more astonished orbe
ness of Tod, both works would have profit- wilderedthan I, when the bright, the
ed by the exchange. varied, the astonishing picture of Jc
VOL . I. 4 E
578 Fragment of a Literary Romance. [ Sept.
vius' drawing -room was offered to my ghosts were endowed with a power of
sight. In Ellen's case the scene was discerning a stranger the moment he
indeed brilliant, but it must in some entered their company, or that it pro
respects have been uniform and un- ceeded from any peculiarity in my
varied. The assembly was composed dress, I soon found that my appear
of " lovely dames and gay accoutred ance occasioned as much surprise to
knights ;” but every knight was, in them as theirs had given pleasure and
costume, but a prototype of his neigh- astonishment to me. There was an
bour, and every lady shone in the self- immediate buzz of inquiry and curio
same habiliments as her fair compa- sity amongst them ; and I could hear,
nions. In my case , the assembly had “ Who is he ? " - " When did he ar
all the brilliancy and elegance of the rive? " - " Where did he come from ?"
Court scene , and all that delightful and their answers crossing one another
effect arising from the varied and con-from every corner of the assembly.
trasted costume of every age and coun- “ A young stranger from the lower
try: The turbaned sages of Arabia, world ,” was all the reply they receive
and the rich and flowing dresses of ed ; and this species of general de
the Persianand other Eastern literati, scription, it is needless to say, pleased
their jewelled head -dresses and em- me much more than any more parti
broidered mantles, contrasted with the cular, but for that reason less aecepta
white-robed philosophers of ancient abledenomination.
Greece ; these again with the slashed The first circle which I joined af
sleeves and short cloaks of the learned forded me great entertainment. They
dons of Spain -- the fuff and doublet, seemed eagerly and busily engaged in
the hat and plume, the embroidered a conversational discussion or criticism
hose and full- bottomed breeches, of on some new work. The Peri, who
the age of Elizabeth ; then the prim still walked beside me, whispered, that
starched - looking authoresses in hoops, this circle consisted of very eminent
who kept sideling through the crowd, personages, and that I must already,
and walking arm -in - arm , with the owing to its celebrity, have seen the
graceful figures of the Grecian blue work which was the subject of their
stockings ; and these contrasted again debate , as it was Guy Mannering .
with the immense wigs, the peach- As to the circle, one of them on whom
blossom frocks, the variegated vests, I immediately fixed my eyes, there
and embroidered sword -belts, of the was no need to inform me about. The
Kit-cat wits--all these heterogeneous dress and figure instantly told me it
but astonishing materials, thrown into was Shakspeare, whom I had so lately
every possible variety of form , and dis- seen . The rest, as I was informed,
posed into that picturesque grouping were Cervantes-- Shirley - a singular
which chance so happily dictates, com- looking old man, exactly the figure of
posed a whole, which, it is not too much a smoke-dried alchemist, or decayed
to say, was at once the most brilliant, astrologer, whom I found was Baptista
and the most remarkable, that could Porta, the Neapolitan writer on magic;
have entered into the dreams of the and Toby Smollett, whose handsome
fondest votaries of novelty, or been gentleman -like figure I recognised im
conjured up by the brain of the most mediately, from being well acquainted
inventive and enthusiastic master of with the portraits of him.
ceremonies of any age, or creed, or When I came up, I found Bap
country. tista apostrophising to his audience
It was with a mixed feeling of joy in a high tone,- " I must assert,"
and trembling that I made my debut said he, “ that however excellent in
into this astonishing celestial rout. I other respects this work may be accord
was introduced bymy accompanying ing to your ideas, gentlemen , to me it is
Spirit to Paulus, who stood at the door a matter of no small moment, to see
to receive his company ; and after the admirable science ofjudicial astro
having paid my respects, and improve logy treated with such unmerited and
ed , by a deeper inclination, and a idle ridicule. It is a subject on which
more decided and rectangular sweep I have long thought, read, and in
of myrightleg ,my common bow , into tensely laboured — for the furtherance
one which I conceived due to a celes- of which no worldly goods have been
tial assembly, I began to mingle with spared, no mental exertion thought
the company. Here, whether it was grievous ; in the investigation of
that these worthy and gay-looking whose recondite truths I have sweated
1917. ) On the Symbolical Uses of Salt. 579

foryears beside a slow furnace , till I At this grave exordium of the 'fo
became, as you see, of the colour and reign astrologer, the countenances of
consistency of a shrivelled mushroom , the whole party, butmore particular
or watched beneath the winter's moon ly of Cervantes and Chaucer, assumed
till I was little less than a moving an inimitable expression of humour,
icicle. When this author sports these which, as it was restrained by polite
opinions,and plays, with his unhal- ness from having the usual vent in
lowed ridicule , on so sacred a subject, laughter, contented itself with dancing
does he consider whom he is attacke about their eyes and mouth, and illu
ing ? What will the divine Zoroaster, minating their striking countenances
the illustrious offspring of Oromases, with all the brilliancy of comic ex
say to this ? What will my friend Thes- pression.
pian, the wonder ofthe Gymnosophistic “ Humphry, my love," (mynameis
school ? What will the aged Bhudda Humphry ) said a shrill-toned female
of the Babylonians, or the Thracian voice, which crackled on my tympanum
Zamolxis, or the Hyperborean Abaris, the moment Shakspeare hadaddressed
or any of those more modern , but not himself to speak. 6 Humphry, sir ,"
less illustrious sages, which shine in and the transition, from mylove to sir,
the hemisphere of science, the constel- was given with great effect, as she
lation of astrological discovery ? " * discovered me asleep, and shook me
with a touch not quite so soft as my
• And " what will the Quarterly Review Peri- " The urn has been hissing, and
say ? ” might the inflamed Baptista have spitting, and groaning, on the tea -table
added, in completing this climax of astrolo- this half-hour. - Recollect, you bade
gical indignation ; for itseems that therage me try my best Pegou cannister to
of the Neapolitan Magician, and the Thra, night. Mrs Cockit, too, has stepped
cian Zamolxis, is nothing to the irritated in to take her rubber. – And you no
feelingsof our Southern critics
author of GuyMannering, at against the doubt expect to be allowedto sit
the intro- dreaminghere, an immoveable non
which they decidedly declareto be either entity - rise, sir, and leave your va
criminal orcontemptible.” Where the cri. garies." I opened my eyes slowly on
minality however will fall, the world will the severe and saturnine features of
determine, and they who, after having been my maiden sister Dorothy — they ope
accustomed to the varied and uncommon ex- rated like a spell - Shakspeare and his
cellence of Guy Mannering, to the sublimity circle - Jovius and his illustrious com
and vigorous conception of the character of pany
flittedfor
her whom the Reviewer terms Mrs Meg then faded a moment before me,
into air, and restored me
Merrilics -- the masterly rapidity with which to the lower realities of the tea -urn
the scenes are brought before us the hu.
mour and truth of thelower characters and Mrs Cockit.
and the unequalled beauty of the pictures
of nature ; they who, after having wander.
ed through all this enchanted ground, can ON THE SYMBOLICAL USES OF SALT .
bear to enter on a desert, can wade through
the heaviness, the ignorance, and the utter MR EDITOR ,
want of taste of the criticism , will be best Since the publication of The Tales of
temptwill most appropriately recoil. The myLandlord,aconsiderabledegree of
able to determine on whose side this con
attention has been excited in regard to
Quarterly Review has been all along con. an ancient custom , the memory of
al
ducted with no common
though, perhaps, place; isandgiven
too muchtalent which had been almost lost, that of
to the lower parts of Greek literature, to cri- being seated at table " above ” or “ be
ticisms on quantities, and animadversions on low the salt.” Through the channel
the scholiasts, yet this has been redeemed of your valuable Miscellany, it has
by many excellencies — by consistency of been shewn that this custom was by
principle, correctness of informationon po no means peculiar to Scotland , but
liticalsubjects, and the insertion ofmanyy prevailed alson in England , and
articles which were ably and eloquentl not unknow on the Continent. was
written . But constant exertion , and unre In
mitting care, is required in conducting a proof of this, Bishop Hall, Ben Jon
periodical journal, and the occurrence of son , and Massinger , as well as Perat
another such piece of criticism as that upon among the French, have been sum
Guy Mannering , would give it a disposition moned as witnesses.-- Magazine for
towards the Buthos, or Art of Sinking", May, p . 133.
which it might not casily recover. 'i his mode of distinguishing rank,
580 On the Symbolical Uses of Salt. [ Sept.
or expressing estimation , bears so sin marking the line of distinction , in
gular a character, that one can hardly, connexion with the great importance
be made acquainted with it without' attachedto its contents, and the care
immediately proposing the question , exercised to prevent its being over
“ Whence eould it possibly originate " turned, may be viewed as an indica .
The query has accordingly been put, tion that there was a hereditary rese
by -&n intelligent correspondent , in pect to some more ancient rite or idea,
your third Number ; but, in conse- the meaning of which, and even its
quence of the oblivion of former ages, peculiar character, had been lost in
and the indifference which men have the lapse of ages,
generally manifested in regard to the Trivial as the custom under consi
origin of customs with which they deration may appear to those especi
were: themselves perfectly familiar, ally who would deem it a degradation
there is reason to fear, that from the were they to waste a thought on the
depths of antiquity no responsive voice vestiges of popular tradition, who find
shall be heard, none at least that can sufficient occupation for their superior
give a certain or distinct sound . powers in acquainting themselves with
As in the days of our forefathers the ever -varying minutiæ of modern
the salt-seller was placed in the mid- manners - the inquiry leads us much
dle of the table, that it might run no farther back than might at first be im
risk ofbeing overturned, it might at agined, and pointstosources of intel
first view seem , that, as its position ligence not unworthy of the investiga
divided the table as it were into two tion of the philosopbic mind.
equal parts, theexpression , " sitting Various proofs, have been given of
above, or sitting below , the salt, the symbolical use ofsalt, in connexion
meant nothing more than having a with Divine worship, among ancient
place at the upper, or at the lower, nations. As salt was invariably used
end of the table ; and thus, that the in the sacred rites of the heathen , from
relation, which one's seat was said to whom immediately it was received by
bear to the salt, was merely acciden- the Church of Rome, it has been
tal, from the circumstance of the thought that this custom was borrow
vessel which contained it being the ed from the Jews. It was one of the
central object, in the same manner as laws delivered by Moses, Every
one,in our or
to sit above owntime,
below themightbe
epargne. said oblationof
thou season thy meat-offering, 13 .
with salt .” Lev.ii.shalt
Bat although it may afterwards ap- V. Etymol .Dict. ofthe Scottish Lan
pear that, among the ancients, salt guage, vo . Salt, adj. and Saut -Far.
was the established symbol of friend- “ The great importance attached
ship , 1 do not see that the relative salt," says Pliny, appears especially
position of individuals, as above or from the sacred rites of the ancients,
below the vessel which contained it, who never celebratedany sacrifice sine
could be meant of itself to intimate mola salsa. For so they denominated
the greater or less degree of respect toasted corn sprinkled with salt ; for
which their host entertained for them . it, being bruised , was sprinkled on
For, in this case, actual propinquity the victim . The fire, the head of the
to the salt-seller, whether the person viction, and the sacrificing knives,
sat above or below it, must bave been were indeed all sprinkled with the
the test of estimation . crumbled cake.” Hist. lib . 37. C. 7.
If, however, it could be supposed, To the same purpose is the language
that the salt-vat did notequally divide of Juvenal :
the table as to its length,but that it “ Sertaquedelubris, et farra imponite cul.
was placed nearer the head or bottom , tris. " Satyr. ii.
as the less or more honourableguests And of Tibullus :
exceeded in number , this difficulty
would be obviated . For thus it must “ At vanum in curis hominum genus omnia
have been understood , that it was not noctis
propinquity to this symbol, but the Faree pio placant, et saliente sale."
possession of a seat above it, that con Lib . iii. Eleg. 4
stituted the peculiar badge of honour. Hence, as has been observed, the
But perhaps all that we can fairly term immolatio which was, as it were, 1
deduce from the custom referred to the consecration of the victim by the
is, that the choice of this utensil, as act of sprinkling, or of laying their
1817.] On the Nymbolical Uses of Salt. 581

salted cake on its head . The cake it- used at all entertainments, both of the
self was called mola a molendo,because gods and men , whence a particular
it was made of bruised corn , or that sanctity was believed to belodged in
which had been ground , mold, in a it. It is thence called betos e 155,divine
mill. By means of this cake , also , salt, by Homer ; and repou a asis, holy
which, when bruised, they sprinkled salt, by others ; and salinorum appo
on the sacrifice, they used to divine: situ, by the placing of salt on the
whencethe Greek terms, adsugoparteid, table, a sort of holiness was supposed
i. e. “ divination by meal ," and to be derived to them .” Antiq . ii. 415.
ovaozupasrda, " divination by the salted From the language of Philo Ju
cake . " dæus, it has been inferred , with great
appearance of truth , that although no
But salt, even as symbolically re- mention is made of this circumstance
garded , was not exclusively approprio in the Pentateuch , salt was always
ated to a religious use. It was also placed on the table of shew -bread
an established symbol of friendship alongwith the loaves. " The table, "
between man and man . We learn says this ancient writer , " has its po
from Eustathius, Iliad, A. that among sition towards the south , upon which
the ancient Greeks salt waspresented there are bread and salt." Vit. Moys.
to guests , before any other food , as a lib. 3. Scacchus concludes, that there
symbol of friendship. Hence Æschi- must have been at least two salt-sellers ,
nes, when describing the sacred rites because the Greek term (a"dus) is used
of hospitality, says, that the Greeks in the plural. Myrothec. ii. 495.
made great account , της πόλεως άλας, Thefigurative connexion between
“ of the salt of the city and the pub- salt and friendship does not appear so
lic table .” The language of Pliny, close, that this can well be viewed as
salem et caseum edere, contains a simi- the primary use of the symbol. It
lar allusion ; and that of Cicero, seems necessary to suppose, that be .
Vulgò dicitur, multos modios salis fore it would be applied in this man
simul edos esse, ut amicitiæ munus ner, it had been generally received as
expletum esse. " an established emblem of what was
Eustathius says, that " as salt con . permanent. Now , this idea was most
sists of aqueous and terrene particles probably borrowed from the mode of
mixed together, or is a concretion of confirming covenants by sacrifice, in
several aqueous parts, it was intimated which salt was invariably used; and
that, in like manner, the stranger it is well known, that sacrifice was a
and his host, from the time of their commonrite in confederation ,not only
tasting salt together, love andmaintain
a constant union of should where God was the man . This
friend- but between man andprincipal party,
is
ship ." This idea, however, seems by evident, from the account given of the
far too metaphorical and refined to covenant between Jacob and Laban ,
have originated a custom received by Gen.xxxi. 44, 45. As an agreement
nations in an early state of society . of this kind was called a covenant
Others, with greater plausibility, by sacrifice ; from the use of salt in
have observed , that, as salt preserves the oblation , it was also denominated
meat from corruption, the use of it, a covenant of salt , " Num. xviii. 19.
as a symbol,signified that the friend- That singular phrase, " the salt of
ship , which had its commencement in the covenant,” Lev. ii. 13, obviously
a mutual participation of it, should be contains the same allusion . With this
firm and lasting corresponds the German term, salz .
It has also been supposed, that this bund, explained by Wachter in his
custom respected the purifying quality Glossary , Fædus tirmum validumque
of salt, which was commonly used in ratione durationis.
lustrations, and that it intimated that The presenting of salt to a stranger,
friendship should be free from all ar- or the eating of it with him , might
tifice, jealousy, and suspicion . thus come to be a common symbol of
Potter, I find, has in general pre- friendship, as containing a reference
ferred the same idea that had occur . to the ancient sacrificial mode of enter
red to me, in regard to the origin of ing into leagues of amity ; although
general
salt as a symbol of friendship: “ It those who used this might in
may be, ” he says, " the ground of this be total strangers to its meaning. idea
custom was only this, that salt was Hence , also, most probably, the
 582 [ Sept.
Sketches of Foreign Scenery and Manners.
so universally received, that the spill- in Amsterdam well worthy of atten
ing of the salt was a bad omen ; as it tion .
was supposed to forebode the breach The ci-devant Stadthouse, now the
of that friendship, of which the con- Palace, is a grand building, and mag
junct participation of salt was the pificently fitted up. It contains three
symbol. large rooms full of paintings, chiefly
It would appear, however, that the by the Dutch masters. I was much
symbol itself had been pretty gene- pieased by six or eight of them , parti
rally diffused among the nations. We cularly the Rural Scenes, with cattle,
are informed , that , to this day, the by Paul Potter ; and the Evening
eating of bread and salt together is á School,by Gerard Dow. This last I
symbol of friendship among the Mus- should have preferred to any of the
covites. Stuck. Antiq. Conviv. p. 270. others. There is also a large picture
Those whowould wish to have fure by Vandyke, which contains several
ther information in regard to this figures. In it there is the head of an
ancient custom , may, besides the wri- old man , for which , it is said , the
ter last quoted, conşult Pierii Hiero- burgomasters were offered seven thou
glyph. fol. 221, D. ; Pitisci Lexic. vo. sand florins. It is calculated that this
Sul. ; and Potter's Antiquities ofGreece, building cost upwards of thirty mil
loc . cit. lions of guilders. It was founded in
I may afterwards supply you with the mud, upon 13,659 large wooden
a few remarks on the singular custom piles, and measures 282 feet in front,
of using bread and salt as the instru- by 235 in depth, and 116 in height,
1
ments of adjuration . ANTIQUUS. exclusive of the tower . It is situated
in the great square of the city, which
is sufficiently spacious to afford a pro
per view . In this dwelling Lewis
SKETCHES OF FOREIGN SCENERY AND
MANNERS .
Bonaparte, while king of Holland, re
sided . Of the mildness, equity, and
humanity of this man, every one
No IV. speaks well. He seems to have been
a pretty general favourite. Although
Amsterdam . the Prince of Orange may be in some
I LEFT Haarlem yesterday evening, respects popular, I have never heard
and in about three hours found my- any one mention the name of the pre
self in Amsterdam , the greatest city sent king: I went through the whole
of Holland, and at one time the em- of the Palace, which is finished chiefly
porium of European commerce. I with marble, and most superbly fur
perambulated the streets, & c. this nished. The grand hall is a magnifie
morning. It is a dull, and, in my cent apartment, and with the excep
opinion, an uninteresting place. The tion of Il Salone, the Town -hall of
canals are certainly very spacious, and Padua, is the finest I have ever seen .
the streets well and pleasantly shaded Besides the paintings before-mention
by rows of goodly trees; but to a ed, I remember another with which I
stranger who knows not, and does not was much delighted . It represents a
desire to know , any thing aboutmer . meeting of Dutch gentlemen , upon
cantile matters, it must necessarily be what occasion I do not remember. of
stupid . In forming an estimate of this painting, however, it is said , that
any object, much depends upon the Sir Joshua Reynolds declared it to
state of the observer's mind at the be the finest and most characteristic
time. During my short stay in this thing he had ever seen , and that any
town, the heavens wore a gloomy as- man might tell what each of the per.
pect, the weather was damp andraw , sons represented was going to say.
the streets were dirty, and the hotel I visited the house possessed by a
inwhich I lodged partook in a con- society called Felix Meritis. It was
siderable degree of all these qualities ; founded about the year 1777 , by some
by which means, the impressions of opulent lovers of science , among whom
cheerfulness, cleanliness, and comfort, was the well -known Van Swinden .
which I had received during the pre- This society , I am informed , is com
ceding part of my journey, were in posed of five classes . The attention
some degrce effaced. There are, how- of the first is directed chicfly to the
ever, I have no doubt, many objects improvements in commerce , navigao
1917.] Sketches of Foreign Scenery and Manners, 588
tion , and agriculture ; the second de- wenton board one of them, called the
votes itself to natural philosophy; the Piet Hein, not yet launched ." I ob
third to drawing ; the fourth to music ; serve here, that vessels, at least such
and the fifth to general literature. as I have seen, are built with their
On the top of the house is an ele- prows to the water, whereas with us
vated dome, from whence there is a they are usually launched stern forea
commanding view of the city, and of most. The cradles, or camels ( kame
the rich plains in the neighbourhood, len ), upon which large ships are lifted,
with parts of the Zuyder Zee and the and carried over the banks and shoals
Haarlem -meer on either side. Each of the Zuyder Zee, are very curious,
department ofthe society has a cabinet though well known. In the model
to exemplify, and instruments suited rooin, there is a ship of the line in mi
to the exposition and advancement of niature, about six or eight feet long ,
the particular branch of science or of made of mahogany, which opens by
art which its labours are intended to hinges at the bow, and shows the
illustrate . whole interior of a hundred gun ship ,
Amsterdam, like most great com- even to the minutest birth and locker.
mercial towns, is not characterised by In the same room there is a model of
excessive cleanliness. Except those De Ruyeter's favourite ship , with all
by the sides of the canals, which are her guns, masts, sails, and rigging, in
broad and adorned by rows of fine the highest order, On shore there is
trees, the streets are dull and narrow. a vessel kept completely rigged, where
Most of the houses incline forward, young men intended for the navy are
so that the streets are necessarily nar- taught to run up in the dark ; and as
rower above than below , by which by constant exposure to rain, and the
means a portion of day-light is exclud- want of that minute attention which
ed, producing a corresponding degree during a voyage is indispensably ne
of darkness and gloom. In the attic cessary, the cordage sometimes gives
story of these houses the winter sup- way, these youths occasionally expe
plies of fuel, &c. are deposited, after rience more rapid descents than they
being hoisted up from the street by consider as entirely consistent with the
ineans of a projecting beam ; and I eternal fitness of things; so that they
conclude, that this inclination forward, are at least taught something before
is to prevent any bulky articles from they go to sea. A Dutchman , how
striking against the windows below . ever, in good health, is said never to
The houses are of great height, and alight upon his head, and I believe
chiefly built of brick, and without any that the fact, though singular, is in
relative plan or uniformity of aspect. exact agreement with our theory of
There are, however, many dwelling gravitation. During the only Sunday ,
houses which I visited in Ainsterdam , which I passed in this town, I visited
particularly in Kiezer's Gragt, and most of the churches ; none of which,
Heeren Gragt, which are built in the however, are at all to be compared
most elegant and commodious manner. with those I have already seen. In
The steps up to the doors are of a one of them I found a Scotch clergy
grayish marble - thelobbies are finish- man, preaching to his countrymeu in
ed with white marble floors — and the the language of his country. He in
different apartments are decorated in culcated the doctrine of eternal
the Continental style, with magnific with great spirit; frightened the young
cent mirrors. The windows, too, are children, and made theold women
wide and lofty, many of them consist turn up the white of their eyes ; and
of panes of crown glass, three or four appeared, wherewithal, to be some
feet long, and ofaproportional breadth ; what better than wise.
and the doors are richly carved and
ornamented. Almost everylobby ter Utrecht.
minates with the view of a little flower I LEFT Amsterdam in the evening,
garden , which produces a freshness with the intention of travelling during
and beauty unknown in most large the night, as the sky forebolled a sul
cities. In as far as I have observed, try day ; I was moreover induced to
there are no flag -stones, or foot-path this, from the beauty of the full moon
of any kind, even in the finest streets. the preceding night. On my way to
In the dock-yard I saw three sail of the treckschuyt, I crossed the Amstel
the line, built there by Bonaparte, and by the Pont Neuf, a magnificent bridge,
584 Sketches ofForeign Scenery and Manners. ( Sept.
600 feet long, and 70 broad. It is his sabre ; and hisleft, which support
built upon 30 arches ,and oneach side ed his head, hung over his plumed
there are iron balustrades. This bridge helmet. On the other side of the lamp,
conducts to the onlypleasant public upon a bench, laya tall thinfigure,
walk which I observedin or near Am- with a sallow complexion ;a nose and
sterdam , and I unfortunatelydid not chin handsome, but rather too much
discover it till the evening of my de- hooked ; and the blackest andmost
parture. Itwas crowded by people of fiery eyes I ever experienced. He
all ranks and ages ; and I observed a seemed about 50 yearsof age or up
great many beautiful chariots in mic wards, andworea long blue great coat,
niature,drawn by goats richly and witha head -dress of whitemuslin , re
fancifully caparisoned,in which little semblingaturkish turban, and red
children , gayly dressed, were seated . morocco shoes. Helay upon his side,
Every thinghere seems to be put to with his face to the light ; his head
use . In the market-place, and along supported by his right hand, andin
the keys , you meetwith bull dogs and his left there was a book, which he
mastiffs,loaded with heavy burdens, or perused most attentively andleisurely.
dragging along little carts ; and in a Every two orthree minutes he raised
house in which I visited , there was an his head, and fixed his sight on the
old cat, whose occupation it was to lamp, asif meditating on thecontents
drive the flies and wasps from some of the volume. I could have believed
fruit which lay ripening in the sun. him some powerful magician engrossed
About eight in the evening, I em. with thestudy of the magie art, or
barked onboard the treckschuyt for even the Prince of Darkness himself,
Utrecht.
place for theThe ruif, asit
gentry, was iscalled
engaged,, so
or " Of regal port, tho’ faded splendourwan.
I entered the ruim with a most motley In the back -ground were figures and
group. This is the larger part of the faces ofevery kind - men, women, and
boat, and may contain near forty peo- children ; some of which, fromthe
ple, whereas the ruif, or small cabin- unsteady lightof the lamp, appeared
like partitionnear the stern , does not to advance and recede like the repre
almít more than eight. It is lighted sentations of the Phantasmagoria . But
from the ceiling by a lamp, andis so allwere asleep , save Satan and myselt:
low in the roof that a man ofordinary Seldom have I seen any countenance
stature cannot stand upright. A long which impressed me more with the
range of seatsoccupies each side, and idea of a person whose ways were not
there is a similar range down the cen- those of the world ; and, though we
tre. I took my place in an obscure are now perhaps some hundred miles
corner, where I had a complete view from each other, in imagination I still
ofthis curious and novel scene. behold his fiery countenance, andal
There were in all about three- and- most tremble at “ the trouble ofhis
thirty persons, and by accident they darkened eye.”
had grouped themselves in the most At four in the morning I arrived at
picturesque and striking attitudes. Utrecht ; and being attracted by the
Immediately before me laya band of beauty of an eiderdown coverlet, and
weary labourers, with their scythes fatigued by my watching in the night,
and pruning -hooks, all in the arms of I went to bed for some hours.
Morpheus. The lamp was now light- I am much pleased with my resi
ed , and threw a broad unnatural light dence here, and have passedmytime
on the objects in its immediate neigh- much more happily than in Amster
bourhood ; whilst a pale and sickly dam. Utrecht is the sweetest town I
gleam irradiated the more distant parts, have yet seen in Holland . The ram
serving merely to render darkness vi- partsare high and broad, and com - 4
sible. The two principal figures were mand a fine view of the adjacent
reclining on eachside of the lamp.On country, which is rich and beautiful.
the oneside there lay a gigantic dra- The walls are surrounded by a broad
goon , with huge mustachios and a long fosse ; on the other side ofwhich , as
sabre; he had a black patch on his in Leyden, there is a delightful walk
forehead , and wore on his breast a all round the town. The stripe of
badge of honour. He was lying on the ground between the walls and the
ground, with hishead and chest some fosse is divided intosmall and elegant :
what raised : in his right hand he held gardens, in many of which there are
 1817.) Sketches of Foreign Scenery and Manners. * 585
summer-houses of great beauty . The journey hither from Amsterdam . It
contrast between these fairyparterres was a lovely night, with a'glorious
and the venerable walls which tower moon ; and the sky was brighter and
above them is very fine; and the more blue thanI should have expect
whole is reflected by the water, whiched to see it in so low a country as
in many places is bordered by twoof Holland. The sides of the canal are
the most picturesque trees in nature, adorned with many villas, surrounded
the willow and the weeping birch . by gardens and shrubberies, which
Within the walls the streets are have summer-houses close upon the
clean and cheerful, and present more water's edge ; and those balmy airs,
the healthy aspect of a country village which I have already described, were
than of a walled city. With regard more than usually refreshing, after
to any object of curiosity which U. the closeand heated atmosphere of the
trecht may contain , I am ignorant, as ruim . We glided smoothly along from
the greater part of my time, from sun one fine grove to another, with the
rise tosunset, was spent on the battle- moon and her attendant imageonthe
ments. The morning after my ar- still water, either sailing along with
rival I met with a Dutchman, ex facieus, as if competing with each other,
a schoolmaster, who spoke to me in or suddenly obscured and darkened
Latin . At this I was somewhat a by the dense foliage of some majestic
larmed ; but Ithought it better, at tree.
least, to appear as learned as he. So
I told him , in French , that I was an Rotterdam .
Hungarian priest ; that Latin was my Having been rather amused with
vernacular tongue; and that I was the scene presented by my last noc
travelling to Paris to acquire a more turnal voyage, I again embarked in
perfect knowledge of the French lan- the evening, and travelled during the
guage,to speak which I was anxious night from Utrecht toGouda. Inthe
to avail myself of everyopportunity ruim I found as motley a group ason
before visiting the capital. This had the former occasion. The company
the desired effect. He tried no other was, however, very musically inclined .
dead language; andas hespoke French One man commenced operations by
with as much awkwardness as I did whistling a tune, another hummed,
myself, I escaped detection. Among and a third sung aloud. Matters did
other pieces of information, he told not stop here. A young man pro
me, what I perhaps ought to have duced a flute, and an old one a fiddle,
known before, that Utrecht is one of and to itthey set, whistlers,hummers,
the oldest towns in Holland ; that in singers,flute-players, and fiddlers, all
the time of the Romans it was a mere together, and produced amongstthem
ferry, called Trajectum , afterwards no inharmonious concert. The love
H Trajectum Ulpii, out of respect to of music, indeed, seems a prominent
" Ulpius Trajan; and that from these feature in thecharacter of the lower
the present name was derived . He classes in Holland, and the only a
also informed me, that there is in this musement which I have observed ca
neighbourhood a colony of Moravian pable of making them withdraw their
brethren, of the simplicity and pro- tobacco -pipes from their mouths. This
priety of whose manners he gave an effect,however, it doesnot always pro
interesting account. The females are duce, forI have frequently seen them
distinguished, according to their age, smoke and sing at the sametime. In
by a difference in the colour of the Holland, indeed, a pipe is absolutely
riband upon their caps. Rose colour necessary in the performance of every
characterizes the children under twelve duty - moral, physical, and commer
years old ; from that period till the
age of eighteen, yellow and a deeper
cial. mortals
I arrived at Gouda just as the sun
red are worn ; a pale rose colour is appeared above the horizon , which in
then assumed , which is kept till mar- this country is at a very early hour.
riage ; after which the colour is sky As there is not a cliffor mountain
blue. Widows wear white ribands, " within the visible diurnal sphere,
“ jusq' a la mort ;" but I forgot to the sun is seen emerging, as if from
ask if any change is affected in this the plain of the ocean, without an ob
matter by a second marriage. Tjectto intercept his horizontal rays.
I was much delighted with my There is indeed a feature of the pic
1 Vol. I.
586 Sketches of Foreign Scenery and Manners. ( Sept.
turesque in Holland,and a very grand ' tion. Their cleanliness and sobriety
one too, which I have never seen men- are beyond praise ; and their honesty
tioned by any traveller. A short time with the exception of coasters and
before sunrise, each field and meadow , idle seamen , who proffer their services
as far as the eye can reach, is covered in taking you on shore, andwho are
by an impenetrable mass ofthe whitest rogues all the world over -- I have had
mist, resembling a sea of cotton, noreason to doubt. The love of gain
through which, like so many beauti- seems their ruling passion ; but, ex
ful oazes in the desert, the tops of clusive of Jews, who are very bumér
villages, with the spires of churches ous in this country, I am notaware
and tall poplars, are seen in every di- that they employ any mean or dishon
rection. These vapours, when about ourable artificesto promote its gratifi
to be dispersed by the solar beams, cation .
assume a variety of forms and colours, Talking of the gentlemen , leads, by
and exhibit, through their airy case a natural transition , to the ladies.
ments, rich glimpses of the verdant They are in general a handsome race,
meadows sparkling with the morning though, I believe, in proportion to
dew . their numbers, there are more beauti
I believe there is nothing remark- ful women among the Jews in Hol
able in Gouda. In it the two Crab- land than amongthe Dutch, properly
reths flourished, celebrated as glass. so called. The beauty of the higher
painters, I think, in the sixteenth cen- ranks did not appear to meto be in any
tury. Some of their works adorn the degree peculiar or national, but admit
windows of the principal church . It ted of great variety ; as i frequently
is alsoworthy ofremembrance as the observed, in the same town , features
birthplace ofHartsoeker. which would have been considered , in
From Gouda to Rotterdam , proba- the respective countries, as character
bly owing to the nature of thecoun- istic of Britain , France, Germany, and
trý, there is no direct conveyance by Spain . The Batavian embonpoint is
water ; so, after being obliged to sube more frequently exemplified by the
mit to an affectionate salute from an men thanby the women.
old man , with whomI had a good deal In some parts of Holland, particu
of conversation in Dutch, (not very larly at Haarlem and Enchuisen,on
classical- its chief ingredient, on my the occasion of a birth , a piece of silk,
part, being borrowed from a sister with a lace border, four or five inches
language, the broad Scotch ,) and who in diameter, sometimes round, some
insisted upon treating me to a glass of times squate, is pasted on theoutside
gin, which, together with the snuff of the lady's door, as an intimation to
from his shirt- ruffle, brought tears to the world , that is, the neighbour on
my eyes on this most melancholy oc- each side of her house, of this import
casion, departed in the diligence, ant event. In our own country,as I
andarrived at Rotterdam in good time wasAmsterdam
for breakfast.
informed byan elderly gentleman
in , the same information ,
Here I fancy myself quite at home, however attempted to be disguised, and
from the aspect of a few streets and indeed solemnly denied, were you to
canals beingfamiliar to me, in conse- assert such a thing, is conveyed by a
quence of my former visit. I believe paper , entitled, " Please call at thelow
I shall not be able to discover any door," as if, the old gentleman added ,
thing new in Rotterdam , or worthy any gentleman not paid for it, would
of note ; and shall therefore, in all accept of such an invitation, or call by
probability,prepareto-morrow for my à route appropriated exclusively for
journey to the Netherlands. servants, attorneys' clerks, sick -nurses
I consider the Dutch to be a civil in long silk cloaks, and square -sterned
obliging people, willing enough to ac- femmes sages. Many of our remote
commodate travellers, though proba- ancestors, I am credibly assured by
bly seldom inclined to sacrifice their several old women and some antiqua
own interests for welfare of others. ries, had only it seems one door, and
In as far as I have gone, I can say, that sometimes low enough. Even at
with truth , that I am not sensible of present, I am told , that some decent
having been imposed upon by any one, looking people reside at this moment
or of having been treated with neglect in many parts of Britain, up sometimes
where I had any right to expect atten- one pair of stairs, and sometimes up
 1917: 1 Geological Observations on Strathearn . 687
half a dozen ; that there they contrive, fied it ; but those immense masses,
nobody knows how , actually to have which constitute what are called the
children , and that primary mountains, seem in a great
* Buirdly chiels and clever hizzies, measure to have remained unaltered
Are bred in sic a wayas thisis. ” during thesubsequent convulsions that
Long before the days of Tristram produced the secondary structure, and
Shandy, there must have been some gave to the universal body its present
thing magnificent naturally associated unequal appearance;-But a smooth
with theidea of parturition , I mean anduninterrupted surface was incom
among females ; for as to the male patible with those lawswhich are sup
animal chieflyconcerned, it has been posed to have been called into action
remarked , that on such occasions he in the formation of the earth ; and
has rather a sober, pitiful, sneaking, though it is not necessary , on the pre
aspect. Even a hen in an outhouse sent occasion, to enter into the merits
cannot drop an egg quietly, No ofthecontending Volcanic and Nep
thereisincontinently such aclack and tunian theories, we must still be con .
hullyballoo set up in the neighbour, scious, that many series of facts con
hood, in which the cock, too, like a stantly presented to our view onthe
fool, sometimes joins, as is absolutelyexterior, as well as those that have
intolerable. A learned friend of mine, been explored in the bowels of the
who has studied alllanguages, particu .earth, are consistent with,and may
larly that of birds, and who pretends very plausibly be attributed to, the in
he can converse with them , assures fluence of both powers.
me, that all this cackle and uproar in For the purpose of exhibiting an
thehen -house, is nothing more than object of geology more immediately
“ Please call at the low door." within the reach of our own observa
X.Y.Z. tion , we shall confine our remarks to
an extraordinary change to which the
beautiful and fertile valley of Strath ,
GEOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ON earn has anciently been subjected ;
STRATHEARN. and which , though perhaps ofless im .
portance to the naturalist than the
MR EDITOR, prodigious altitudes, and extensive
The wonderful revolutions to which dales of the Alps and Andes , are still
the surface of the globe has been sub- worthy of admiration , as this tract
jected since its primary formation, possesses a variety of subjects interest
have of late years claimed the atten- ingto the student of nature, and to
tion of philosophers. Those changes, thelover ofhersublime and picturesque
almost every where apparents have beauties.
given rise to new theories no less sin- The great chain of the Grampian
gular than satisfactory, and have ex- mountains, whichconstitutes the nor
cited a desire in mankind to become thern , as the Ochil hills do the south
acquainted with the causes by which ern, boundary of this valley , are in
those extraordinary phenomena have many parts composed of primitive
been occasioned , and which, in former matter ; but in several places this for
times, either escaped their notice, or mation is surmounted by secondary
appeared so mysterious and inscrut- rock of various character and diversity
ableas to preclude all research . of alternation and position. The por,
The human mind cannot now form tion of those mountains in the vicinity
any conception of that aspect which of Lochearn , and what forms the im
the surface of the earth originally had mediate limits of that lake, is not
assumed, though it cannot be doubted, wholly granitic, their exterior being
that, from the various agents employ- covered with wacke, different species
ed in the mighty operations of nature, of shistus, lime, and sandstone. Some
exerted in giving form and stabili- beds of trap are also visible in its
ty to our planet, considerable irre- usual linear direction , traversing these
gularity must all along have diversi. rocks without regard to their stratifi
cation, and always disposed in yertical
• SeePlinius's Nat. Hist. B. 9, C. 491. walls.
Cicero de Divinatione, 2. 39. and many But the most striking features in
Germanworks on the language of birds and the district of Strathearn are, the sur
other animals. prising changes that the ground has
588 Geological Observations on Strathearn . ( Sept.
undergone by the different courses The efflux of Lochearn, in its then
which the river has taken at various extensive form , seems to have been
periods. These alterations are very different from the course which the
evident in travelling along this exten- river at presentfollows in leaving the
sive tract, from the departure of the plain of Dalginross , and appears to
river out of its parent laketo its have passed from Ochtertyre,whose
confluence with the Tay, a distance lakes are the remains of the ancient
of near thirty miles, as the numerous eastern boundary , along the hollow at
channels bywhich it has run may be the manse ofMonivaird, near to which
traced with tolerable accuracy . it was joined by the water of Turret.
1. It appears almost certain, that Loch- At the presentday, the old and per
earn at one time had extended to haps original bed of the river Earn
more than double its present magni- can plainly be traced along the west
tude, having occupied the whole of side of the town of Crieff, where it
the flat from its south - eastern extrem- still intersects two of the streets,
ity to Ochtertyre, covering the great sweeping, in a circular direction , the
plain on which the village of Comrie, base of the hillon which that townis
the remains of the Roman camp of built, and passing eastward, held its
Dalginross, the Victoria of Ptolemy, course upwards of 90 feethigher than
and many farm -houses now stand. the present river. Pursuing that di
Thisopinion is strengthened and ren- rection, it appearstohave made seve
dered satisfactory by an examination ral windings until it reached Aber
of the surrounding country, or what cairney, whence it continued its chan
originally marked the borders of the nel, with little variation froma straight
lake, where the soil and banks formed line, nearly dueeast,running along
by the water are visible, and still re- the tract of the Powaffery river, now
tain their first appearance, although awhere
retrograde stream , over the valley
for ages submitted to the operationsof moulder the ruinsof the abbey
agriculture. The soil over all this of Inchaffery ; and, holding the same
flat is also ofa decisive character, being line, passed below the House of Bal
composed of water , gravel, and als 'gowan and the Castle of Methven ,
luvion, as almost all the stones that until it joined the Water of Almond
have been dug up are round or el- at Pitcairn Green, at that period pro
liptical, the certain effects of water ; bably an arm of the sea, which then
and this is particularly the case in the certainly covered large portions of the
neighbourhood of Ochtertyre, along flat land along the banks of the Tay
the road from Crieff to Comrie. On near Perth . Over the whole of this
the south side of the valley , near the ground undoubted proofs of the efe
House of Struan , there is a large con- fects of water are evident, by an ex .
cretion of breccia, the composition of amination of the debris collected at
which is sand, and stones that have different times, which form a variety
undergone attrition by the action of of strata , ' and contain boulder stones
water , and have been consolidated by of many species, brought from the
the admixtureofmetallic oxide. This mountains by successive floods and
species of rock is not commonly to be inundations of the river.
met with in the interior of thekingdom, But, after the river had ceased to
and in no situation but where consid- flow by the course which it has thus
erable bodies of water either now are, been supposed primarily to have taken ,
or have formerly been. On the west- the valley of Strathearn seems to have
ernshores of Scotland it is frequently undergone other considerable revolu
seen
; ted
but we are not acquain with tions from the changes of its river.
its appearance in masses of great mag- We have said that Lochearn , ac
nitude at a distance fromthe coast, cording to its original expanse , formed
nor in situations of very lofty eleva- a lake, from its western extremity to
tion . thehouse of Ochtertyre, oftwenty miles
long, but of irregular breadth. The
*. It has been supposed ,bymanylearned catastrophe which diminished it to the
Antiquaries, that on this spacious plain was
fought the celebrated battle of the Gram . present size, and gave the river a new
pians, betwixt the Caledonian and Roman direction, does not seem inexplicable.
armies ; and, certainly , the names of many It is the opinion of many profound ge
places in the neighbourhood go far to sane- ologists, that the western , mainland
tion such a belief. ofScotland, with its numerous islands
1817. ) Memorandums ofa View - Hunter: 599

and promontories, were anciently unit- stances, a particular description might

ed, forming acompact and undivided not be generally interesting. The
continent ; but that by tremendous deep chasms, however, exhibit some
convulsions, produced by general as objects of mineralogical curiosity, and
well as by partial earthquakes, a dis, the steep banks expose a series of al
junction of the primary structure was luvial stratification, illustrativeof the
effected, and occasioned that separation revolutions to which the soil and
of islands from the mainland, and on surface of mountainous countries are
the mainland that astonishing irregue liable.
larity of coast, só indented with arms Having exhausted too much of your
of the sea, which renders its navigation time, on a subject of little importance
sointricate, but gives to the mineral, perhaps to your readers, we have only
ogist an ample field of research, and to observe , that in pursuing similar
to the painter an admirable display of objects of inquiry, sources of rational
sublime scenery. - To the cause that amusement may be developed, which
has produced such wonderful pheno- may ultimately lead to the acquisition
mena, do we also attribute the reduce of knowledge and the prosecution of
tion of ancient Lochearn . useful science, while they must direct
* The departure of the river from the the mind to the contemplation of that
great level plain of Dalginross, the Power whose wisdom has ordered, and
former bottom of the lake, is through whose omniscience has regulated, the
a - narrow chasm , the sides of which magnificent and wonderful operations
appear at one time to have been united, of nature, so constantly under our ob
as they are composed of the same servation . DICALEDON.
materials, and were disjoined by some Crieff, Aug. 1, 1817.
of those convulsions of the earth ,
which , even of late years, have been
so common in that vicinity. This dis
MEMORANDUMS OF A VIEW- HUNTER.
union must have been sudden , though,
from the very remote period at which No III.
we may believe it took place, no ca
lamitous consequences as to human Calais .
life could have happened , as the king
dom was probably not inhabited for Took a very cursory view of the
many subsequent ages. By the sud- town, as I meant to return through
den separation of this hill, the north it. Not so large as Dover. It has
side of which was washed by the lake, very good market-place, or square, of
an impetuous and irresistible discharge the country town sort: the streets are
of water would be the consequence, tolerably wide and straight, and the
which, forcing its way through a dif- housesrespectable for a place of its
ferent tract of country from the former size. It has an air and cast of the
stream , must have carried every op- French towns; but I perceived less
posing substance before it, and speedi- Frenchness, both in its buildings and
ly have formed a new channel for its in the dress and manners of its in
self. But this latter course, from pass- habitants, than in any other town in
ing along a more enlarged plain than France.
formerly, has produced considerable Indeed, in London, our women ,
alterations on the face of the country, sincethe peace, had soentirely aban
which is evidently broken by deep doned their own simple andnatural
hollows that have been washed out by mode of graceful dress, and imitated
the stream . the late fantastic French style in so
Theriver in the plain near Comrie burlesque away, that, on crossing the
has taken various channels after the water, I really began to imagine that
ground was drained by the breaking simplicity in dress had changed coun
out of the water that anciently cover- tries. I saw ornaments on the French
ed it ; and when it descends below side, I own, which it would have been
Crieff, the whole low land is marked more truly ornamental to have been
by the numerous courses it has pur- without; but, contrasting what I saw
sued at different periods. To trace with the grotesque habiliments of our
these windings is not an arduous un. London belles, I thought I had got
dertaking ; but, excepting in a few in- again among a more natural kind of
 590 Memorandums of a View - Hunter. ( Sept.
folks. I recollected, that about a year The Table d'Hôte, andFrench Cookery.
before, on returning to town from the I passed into the Salle a Manger, and
country, I wondered, as I walked waited with some anxious curiosity
along the streets, what had become of for dinner, as I had never yet dined at
all our young women . They used to a table d'hôte, or in a French house.
look so lovely. Now , however, I Both , therefore,particularly awoke my
found none but dames with hunch- attention as a view -hunter . The room
backs and rumps sticking out, bent was spacious. It had a paper of a
almost double, and saw nothing but great staring pattern, in squares, with
puffs, and plaits, and flounces , and vivid colours in the French style.
grandmothers' bonnets. On myword, The squares contained four different
unless I had looked more nicely into groupes. Two were of Highlanders.
the faces hidden under these tremen- Among the various expectants, I
dous bonnets, than was becoming ei- found an English gentleman , whom ,
ther in a bachelor or married man, I from his frankness and ease, I took to
must have set down all I met, on an be an officer out of regimentals, of
average, at fifty and upwards. else a tourist who had seen much of
Even at assemblies, and other dress the world. He gave me some useful
parties, old age was by no means aban- information . He was going to make
doned . Not a dress that did not seem a tour in France in a gig with a ser
in its colouring to have been imitated vant. On my expressing my anxiety
from Harlequin's. Not a colour of about receiving back, in time,mypasse
the rainbow but crowded and glowed port, which the officer had obtained
in every part of it. As for the heads, from me at the quay, he beggedme
which,when adorned only in the style to be quite at my ease, as it wouldbe
of nature, form so beautiful a portion forthcoming when it was wanted. He
of the females ofthe island, they seem- advised me to leave all these things to
ed to have exhausted all the lower the French themselves, and let them
gardens at Chelsea, and indeed round take their own way . I should find ,
town. There were tiers of every kind he said, they would not disappoint
of gaudy flower, heaped up, and me. The only information I received
squeezed so close, that the flower-wo- was from this gentleman. It is as
man's basket, about the end of May, tonishing how little most tourists can
on her first sallying forth with her or will give of the intelligence we
ruddy bouquets ai a penny a -piece, is want, unless we know as much of a
-scarcely better stored. Óld age was country ourselves as to ask the ques
the ton - old fashionedness the rage- tions we wish to have answered.
and grotesque deformity quite the We sat down to dinner at four
thing . But this is rather a dangerous o'clock . About sixteen of us of both
subject for a view -hunter, and I pass sexes. More than one half British . The
from it . guests seemed to be of various ranks :
Calais is said to contain 7600 souls. some of them appeared to beresidents
It is of importance, by the way, for a of Calais. A little man, on the left of
traveller to state the population of a the person at the head of the table,
place, when it is known, and whether evidently a priest, particularly attract
this be increasing or decreasing. Ac . ed my attention. He ate with great
cording to the genuine principles of complacency, constancy, and perse
statistics, when the number of the in- verance, without saying any thing, or
habitants of a town, and their state as seeming to notice the company, for be
to increase or decrease, aregiven,we looked neither to the right hand nor
can form a guess at the quantum of to the left. There was a kind of fixed
employment, the style of living, the smile on his countenance, containing
rate of prices,and other circumstances; a mixture of satire and benevolence :
particularly, if it have few or no ma- it was doubtful which prevailed . He
nufactures. These connect it with an wasa Corsican, as I afterwards learnt.
external population ; and when a town The dinner was abundant, but all
isof the manufacturing class, the re- in the French Style of cookery. Stew .
· sults will be of the combined number ing and frying with butter, or oil and
of the latter, and the residents. Calais vinegar, seem the basis of the style .
has scarcely any manufactures. It The object of the French cook ,' as of
seems to be in a stationary condition . all French artisans, is not to follow
Siw no new buildings. but to excel nature ; or, as our critics
1817,3 Memorándums of a View - Hunter. 591
of the coxcombical genus(a numerous or stewed out of the meat, still, how
one ), whether of the literary, the ever,it isfoundin thesauceorgravy.
painting, or musical tribes, express To this I should reply, only a very
themselves, the ideal nature which small portion of it in most cases. Ву
they imitate isa nature above nature : far the greatestpart ofit has evaporat
that is, in this case, as in all other ed , and is lost.
cases of the sort, it is a nature that is Overdoing his meats, and depriving
unnatural. them of their natural juices, he isob
The French seem to plume them- liged to have recourse to artificial
selyes as much on being the first cooks, juicesor sauces. Here again he as es
as on being the first soldiers, in Eu- sentially offends against nature as in
rope ; and certainly , Europe in gene the former case. The various sorts of
ral, at least her rich and epicurean flesh, poultry, and fish, have naturally
folks, rather concede the former palm each their peculiar flavour. And these
to them . That is nothing to me. I are almost uniformly agreeable, though
must, and I will, think for myself in some are more or less pleasing to the
this as in all other cases, let the numa generality. The natural intention of
bers against me be what they may . the cook must be to render eachof
Though not affecting to know much these differentnatural flavours as poig
of the practice of the pleasing art of nant in their own case as art can make
cookery, I conceive I know a little of them . This must be, by adopting
the general theory of it. And if the sauces which tend to heighten those
French cook would allow those legiti- peculiar flavours. It is meant, when
máte authorities, and the only legiti- these are necessary . For, in some
mate ones that Iacknowledge, nature sorts of food, allartificial sauce is un .
and reason , to decide, I should have necessary , and injures the pleasing
no objection to breaka lance with him . flavour of the meat : take for exam
But the nature which he, in common ple, the beaf-steak and the robusted
with all Frenchmen , acknowledges, is sirloin. But the French cook , so far
French custom ; and his reason , with from being guided by this fundamen
respect to any changes in it, is French tal law of the art, almost uniformly
fashion. To his argument, decisive acts on the principle of opposing it.
with him and Frenchmen , it is the In this he is so successful, that it is
French custom and the best, I can only frequently difficult to tell whether the
reply, I admit the fact, but I reject dish he presents you with consists of
the authority. And therefore, if I fish, flesh, fowl, or game. Butter, oil,
mean to reason on the subject, it must milk, vinegar, and sugar, are the ma
be with others. terials of the common French sauces ;
The intention of food is to recruit and these are applied so copiously,
the strength of man , and to keep him that it is almostimmaterial which is
in sound health . Nature has also be the meat you bespeak. All are so
nevolently rendered the various foods smothered with the thin pudding
which are useful for this purpose, formed by those ingredients, that they
though differing greatly in favour, have the sameluscious indiscriminate
agreeable to his palate . The proper flavour.
intention of the cook , therefore, is so And yet further, the French cook
to prepare those foods as to makethem not only completely spoils the flavour,
as nutritive andpalatable as possible. but also the appearance of hisfoods..
It is found , that flesh meat, when Instead of that elegantand varied show
barely done , is more strengthening whichthe differentkindsof Nature's
than when it is much done; for, in food yield on the table, when properly
the former state , it possesses more of prepared , every thing in France, iwith
what tends to enrich the blood, and the exception of the gigot, andafew
communicate a due supply of the other articles, has the sameunvarying
various juices of the human body to inelegant appearance of a whitish haşh,
every part. On this head the French or pieces of solids plunged in a mass
cook uniformly errs. All his meats of butter.
are so much overdone, that scarcely In short, French cookery, like al
any of this natural juice is left in most all other productions of the
them . They are all nearly in a state French , whatever be their kind , ex
of caput mortuum . It may be alleged, hibits the same contempt of the ele
that though the juice has been fried gance of nature, and the same fond
399 Memorandums ofa View - Hunter. Sept.
ness for artificiality and gawdy frip- beforein Germany, and mix wine with
pery. It has, indeed, attained to high water for mybeer. Thewine is brought
fame throughout Europe ; and among in long necked' bottles; and they do
many of the leading families of the not use decanters. This renders their
different nations it has been in some wine-drinking much less elegant in
pointsin imitated
larly and adopted,
made dishes particu-
; but if the appearance
laws came than ours. However, I be
reconciled to it.
of nature are to decide, with as little Towards the close of the dinner ,
good reason as in most other cases, in which consisted of three removes, ina
stead ofranking it the firstin Europe, cluding the dessert of pastry and fruit,
Ishould be disposed to rank it nearer a male and female musician entered ;
the bottom . It is true, that as Par- and, without saying any thing, as soon
tridge, and numberless others have as they had takentheir station , struck
said , de gustibus non est disputandum . up. The man playedthe flute, and
Every man for himself. I certainly the woman a kind of hurdy-gurdy,
will never choose a French cook for to which she sang. She was of the
my kitchen : middle age, not very pretty ; but was
Yet, though I by no means think decently dressed, and wore immense
French cookery a good species, I have ear-rings. In the size of this orna
no antipathies in the case. In travel- ment, by the way, the lower women
ling, I have never allowed my native of Calais seem prodigiously to excel.
custom , or squeamishness, toprevent She sung in a verytolerable style.
me from yielding to the custom of Some ofthe gentlemen asked for fac
other countries. I ate heartily, though vourite airs ; and, at my request, she
few of the dishes suited my palate. sang the national air, Vive Henri
I must, however, except from this Quatre. Fond of whatever tends to
charge their broth with bread, which promote cheerfulnessand innocent en
I foundexcellent. Some persons may joyment, I was much delighted with
reckon it poor, but I consider itby far this trait of manners, which I after
the best dish I met with in France. wards found to be a common one .
It is not rich ; but it has the real fia . The female at length came round the
vour of the meat, and it is not spoilt table with her tambourine. Each per
with any of the unpleasing flavours of son put in a sous or two. I thought
their sauces . the tribute, though the usual one,
But to return to our table d'hôte: somewhat small ; and, pleased with
The British part of the guests , both the agreeable treat, as well as con
male andfemale, seemed to be the ge sidering that I was an Anglais for the
nuine children of John Bull, though first time in France, for the honour of
they had come, like the rest, to spend our country I gave her half a frank.
their money in France. They criticised I received, in return, a very grateful
every thing with the most unbounded courtesy.
freedom , and generally, with severity. Thecompany sata very short while
Many a comparison was instituted ,and after dinner. I called for coffee. I
of course, always ended in favour of had often heard how superior the
the island . French were at making this delight
Ihad frequently heard that the vin ful and exhilarating, without intoxi
ordinaire was for the mostpartjust as cating beverage. I found, from the
good as any wine to be had at inns in first cup, that their fame was not un
the country, and that if we called for justly won. They make it extremely
any other sort, the only difference, in strong and black . They use hot milk,
general, would be a higher price. I which seems an improvement. The
meant to act upon this information, garçon, without being asked, brought
Some of the gentlemen entertained me the usual accompaniment, some
other ideas, andcalled for wine at five chasse café, or a small glass of eau de
and six francs the bottle. They did vie ; in plain terms, brandy. This I
not like it ; and they owned that the did not choose to touch. It was white,
vin ordinaire, which we were drink- and looked well, but I did not try its
ing, seemed to be quite as good. I flavour ; and if I had , I am no judge.
found it agreeable ; andas their beer A small glass is a sous and a half, or -
is abominable, I resolved to adopt the three farthings. It is astonishing how
custom of the country, as I had done much of this is drank in France by
1
1817.] Greek Tragedy. 593

people of all ranks ; and yet we sel numberless legends connected with the
dom meet with a drunkard in that Trojan war. Philootetes, who had
conntry.
.
been the associate and friend of Her
My bill, including coffee and wine, cules, was present at his death , and
for in general theydo not make a se- received from him , as a legacy, his
parate charge for wine when the vin bow , and the arrows dipt in the gall.
ordinaire isused, was three francs and of the Hydra. After this event he
a half, or about three shillings. The joined the fleet of the Greeks assem
half franc was for the coffee. Ithought bled at Aulis for the expedition an
this very reasonable . A similar dine gainst Troy ; but so disturbed the
Rer, with coffee, in Kent, exclusive of chiefs by his lamentations, which arose
wine, would have cost me at least from the pain of a woundin his foot,
double the sum . occasioned by the bite of a serpent,
that they set him on shoreon the dea
sert island of Lemnos, where he re
mained ten years in solitary wretched
REMARKS ON GREEK TRAGEDY . ness. About the end of that period,
Helenus, a Trojan prophet, who had
No IV. been made prisoner by Ulysses, declar
ed to the Grecian leaders, that Troy
( Philoctetes Sophoclis. ) could not be taken but by Philoctetes
armed with the bow of Herculess
The complaint that is sometimes Ulysses and Neoptolemus were deu
made, thata poet hasbeen unfortunate puted by the Greeks to bring him
in the choice of his subject, issaying from the island, and the stratagems
little more than that he has written a used by them for that purpose, form
bad poem . The truth is, that any the whole fable of the play.
theme, into which the feelings, and In the first scene, Ulysses, with
the passions, and the sufferings of some difficulty, reconciles the mind of
men can be introduced , becomes in- Neoptolemus to the deceit which he
teresting in the hands of genius. It deemed necessary to the success of
is these that lend a charm to the wild- their designs. Philoctetes,though lame
est extravagancies of fiction , that re- and infirm , was formidable by means
deem the absurdities of the Odyssey of his bow ; and as he detested Ulys
and the Arabian nights, and render ses more than all mankind, it was rea
Thalaba, with all its deviations from quisite to proceed with caution . It
nature, one of the most seductive was agreed , therefore, that Neoptolew ".
poems in our language. Nothing is mus should at first appear alone to
so interesting to man as man ;-the Philoctetes, and tell him , that in con
affections of the heart are the part of sequence of injuries which he had re
his nature the most suitable to the ceived from the Greeks, and chiefly
purposes of poetry ; and where these from Ulysses, he had deserted the ar
may be introduced , the author must my, and was on his way home, that
blame something else than hissubject he might, by common tales and com
if he is unsuccessful. In true history, mon enmities, insinuate himself into
as well as in the works of fiction, it is his favour and confidence. In this he
the simple expression of these that is succeeded to his wishes, Philoctetes,
most delightful to all classes of men. who had lived ten years on a desert
It is owing to these that the story of island,cutoff from the society of man,
Joseph has been the favourite of na- is easily led into the snare, and is
tions for three thousand years ; and greatly delighted with the hopes of be,
these, wrought into an endless variety ing again restored to his home and
ot forms and combinations, render the kindred. After so long a period,to meet
Iliad to this day the most popular with men and with Greeks, and once
book in any language. It has seldom more to listen to the music of his na
happened , however, that any authortive language, awakens all the sensie
has trusted to these feelings so exclu- bilities of his heart ; and he gives an
sively of incident, as Sophocles in the affectingrecital of the manner in which
play of Philoctetés. he had been exposed on this inhospi
The situation , for it can hardly be table shore, and his sufferings during
ealled story, on which this drama is ten long years of solitude. It is not
founded , arises out of one of these casy to conceive human calamity more
Voi , I. 4G
594 Greek Tragedy. ( Sept.
aggravated or morehopeless than what Where I may never more behold the smile,
appears in the following description . Nor hear the music of the voice of man ;
The fleet had sailed and left him a But bear me to my home and to mykindred ,,
And to the much loved mansions of my fa
sleep. ther.
“ What,when
think' st thou, were my feelings of have I sentto him by those who touched
I woke ? At this lone isle, that he would take me
What were my lamentations, what the tears hence ;
I shed , when I descried the Grecian fleet, But he is either dead , or those I trusted -
And my own ships, already far at sea ? Neglected me, for still I sorrow here.
Deserted, on a solitary isle, Son of my friend, son of a glorious father,
Without a human being near to aid me, Oh ! hear my prayer , and pity me and save
To grant me food or water, to apply me.”
A balm to sooth the anguish of my wound. Neoptolemus complies ; and a ma
I looked around me, and in all I saw
I found new cause ofsorrow . Time rolled on , riner arrives, and informs them that
But slow and melancholy were the hours. Diomed and Ulysses had taken an oath
Within this little cave I found a shelter, to carry Philoctetes to Troy, either by
And with my trusty bow I gotme food. persuasion or by force. This throws
When the wild pigeons flew within my shot, him into a paroxysm of rage, and
But painful were my steps,when forth’ı brings on a violent attack of pain.
With certain aim did I arrest their flight ;
Neoptolemus requests that he may be
To fetchhalted
myprey , orwater from the fountain, permitted to bear his bow , and have
Orgather wood to kindle me a fire. the pleasure of handling so celebrated
When winter shed its hoar- frosts o'er the a weapon. Though hehad never be
earth , fore quitted it, he can refuse nothing
From the hard flintIstruck the living spark, to so generous a benefactor. But let
Tolightthe flame that warmed myshivere him speak for himself.
ing hands, Take it, my friend, for it is but thy due.
And shed a kindly feeling thro' my frame ; ««Thou grantest me to look upon the sun ,
Yeteven then my agonies assailed me, And to revisit the Etean fields,
Amida pause ofpain and glimpseof joy. My native land, scenes of my infancy ,
Here is no station for the passing ship ,
No place of refuge for themariner That absence has madedearerto my soul,
Tossed by the storm , no hospitable roof And to embrace myfather and my friends,
Where he mayrest himaftertoil and danger, And triumph over all mine enemies.”
No mart to tempt him with the hopes of gain ; Here the poet has endeavoured to
excite sympathy by the exhibition of
Oriftheadverse windsbring strangershither, bodily
All that I can obtain from themis pity ; pain, and, hopeless as the ato
Perhaps a little food or single garment. tempt may seem , ' not without success .
But all my supplications have been land,
vain , The sufferings of Philoctetes are ex
That they would bearme to mynative
That land for which I've sigh ' for ten long cessive, and he utters loud lamenta
years ,
tions, till, overcome by torture, he
Exposed to all the miseries of famine, falls asleep. In real life,fortitude in
And torturecaused me by a cureless wound. ” this species of affliction , the mostter
After a dialogue, in which Philoc- rible to which our nature is subject,
tetes inquires for several of his friends excites sympathy mingled with admi
among the Grecian chiefs, Neoptole- ration ; but complaints, if they do not
mus wishes that the gods may cure disgust us, lower the character of the
his disease, and insinuates that he sufferer in our esteem . There is a
must sail without delay, whom, fear- point, however, at which the fortitude
ing that he was again to be deserted, of the strongest mind fails, and the
patient is notmore accountable for his
“heOh!
addresses
by thy father's pathetic
in thisand thy mother's love,:
passage cries than for any spasmodic affection ;
By all that is most dear to thee at home, but nothing, save a sense of duty, and
Leave me not here in solitary sorrow . the desire of affording relief to a fellow
I grant thee I may be a heavy burden , mortal, could induce us to witness such
Yet,oh ! myfriend,be generous andsaveme; sufferings. Even here Sophocles has
Place me beside the pump, or prow , or stern, shewn judgment ; forit isnotsomuch
Or any where, where I may give least hins by the lamentations of Philoctetes that
d'rance. he aims at awaking thecompassion of
By the Great
Hearme, Sovereign
myson of the universe,
,thy wretched suppliant, thespectators, as by his struggles to
I bow me to theearth andclasp thy knees, suppress them , till, overcome byagony,
Lame and infirm , oh ! look ed he can no longer refrain , by the utter
Leave me not here abandon upon my kind,
by my tears, helplessness of his state , andy above
 1817. ) Greek Tragedy. 595

all, by his fear lest Neoptolemus, de- yields to this supernatural agency ,and
terred by his situation, should abandon consents to accompany them . There
him , and leave him to the practices is something exceedingly tender in his
of his enemies, Diomed and Ulysses. farewell address to Lemnos.
After a short slumber he awakes, “ Thou cave, that long hast been my
refreshed and relieved from pain. Now habitation ,
that Neoptolemus had obtained the Ye nymphs that guard the meadows and the
bow , and was freed from the terror of fountains ,
that formidableweapon, he confesses Ye jutting rocks,from which thebriny spray
to Philoctetes that he was in league Has often showered upon my naked head,
with Ulysses, and that it was his ob • Borne by the south winds — and ye dashing
waves ,
ject to carry him to Troy. Farewell. Farewell, thou hill of Mercury,
“ Phil. Destructive as the fire ! waker of That oft has echoed to my lamentations.
mischief ! Ye fountains, ye sweet waters, and green
Traitor ! have I done ought to merit this ? fields,
Say, art thou not ashamed to look on me, Farewell : I leave you to return no more.
Ahelpless suppliant, who did trust in thee ? Lemnos, endeared to me even by my sor
Who robs me of my bow , robs me of life ? TOWS,
Oh , wo is me ! he will not speak to me ; Farewell. "
He does not deign me even a look of mercy.
Ye lakes,ofyethepromontories, From this view of the play of Phi
Haunts wild beast ofand yerocks,
thewilderness, loctetes, it will appear , that nothing
To you again do I address my plaints : can be more simple than its fable.
Oft have ye seen my tears and heard my The stratagems used to decoy him
* cries. from the island, their failure, and the
See what the cruel man has done to me ! intervention of a supernatural agency,
He pledged his faith that he would bear me which for such a purpose is quite un
home, necessary, form the whole of the plot.
And nowbetrays me to mine enemies. The interest of this drama does not
By guile he has obtained the sacred bow , then arise out of an intricate and ela
Drawn by the mighty hand of Hercules,
Yet he will vaunt him of the victory borate action . Its whole charm con
That he has won over a dead man's corpse. sists in the character, or rather the
Oh ! I am like the shadow of the smoke, circumstances, of Philoctetes - the ro
The image, not the substance of a man . mantic nature of his situation , and the
Were Iumphed,
what once I was, he had not tri- hopelessness of his distress -- his help
lessness and solitude his longings
And not even now , but by a stratagem . after his native country and the so
Alas ! dost thou refuse to speak tome ?
By a mean treason thou hast ruined me, ciety of his kindred - and his pathetic
And spurn’st me from thee like a hideous appeals to the rocks , and the valleys,
thing. and the mountains of Lemnos, which
Thou cave , my shelter from the winds and had become as the friends and com
rain , panions of his long exile from his
Without one beam of hope I enter thee. fellow men . It would not be easy
My bow no longer shall procure me food , to conceive a form of distress of which
But I shall die of famine, and my limbs the poet has not availed himself to
Shallbe thebanquet ofthe fowls ofheaven." heighten the picture. The Solitary
Ulysses now comes on the stage, and suffers from the excess of bodily pain
confesses to Philoctetes that he had and extreme infirmity, from famine,
been betrayed through his agency. A and from almost all the privations to
long dialogue ensues, but he resists all which man is exposed ; and yet there
the advices and all the stratagems of is no deviation from nature,and the
Neoptolemus and Ulysses, till, near poetry is of exquisite simplicity and
the conclusion of the play, the ghost beauty.
of Hercules appears, and informs him , The Greek tragedians had chiefly
that it was for his sake that he had in view the exhibition of one char
descended from heaven, commissioned acter in some situation of deep dis
by Jupiter ; that a mansion was pre- tress, or under the influence of some
pared for him among the Gods but
; one of the more violent passions,
that he must first repair to Troy, and neglected the subordinate person
which could not be taken but by ages. There is nothing original in the
means of the bow which he had be conception of the characters of Ulysses
queathed to him , and that there only and Neoptolemus. They are mere
he could be cured of his wounds. He copies from Homer ; and, like all other
696 Memoir of James Grahame. [ Sept.
copies, fall greatly short of the origi- in Shakspeare alone that webreathe
nals. In Ulysses, wisdom degenerates the atmosphere of real life. He alone
into low cunning ; and Neoptolemus, unites the accurate observation and
the son of Achilles, is, like his father, faithful delineation of the minutese
guileless and impetuous; but, in the shades of human character with the
contemplation of both , the mind is led divine inspiration of poetry. He alone
to theirprototypes in Homer, and not never declaims, nor ever appears in
to nature. Even in Philoctetes the his own person ; and in him alone
poet is more studious of making us every character seems to be formed for
acquainted with hissufferings, and of the place assigned to him, and no
exciting our sympathy by them , than other; and expresses his own feelings,
of giving an individuality to the por- and his own sentiments, in his own
trait to which he has chosen to give language, which is always the voice of
that name . Nature.
It is rather extraordinary that, with
the example of Homer before their
eyes, whose characters are always men MEMOIR OF JAMES GRAHAME , AUTHOR
of nature, each marked by his own in OF THE SABBATH .
dividual peculiarity - the Greek tra
gedians should have often been so The contemplation of superior excel
careless, or so unsuccessful, in this lence is perhaps the most impressive,
most importantdepartment of drama- as well as interesting, subject ofmedi
tic writing. Of Philoctetus I have no tation in which the human mind can
notion but what is connected with a be engaged . For it is impossible to
certain transaction supposed to have reflect on exalted virtue, without feel
happened in the island of Lemnos. ing our own nature improved, or upon
Not so in Shakspeare. Having once extensive acquirements, without being
seen his characters, I remember them inspired with some degree of emula
for ever, independent of all situations. tion. But when genius is added to
They seem to be men and women with these perfections of which our com
whom I have been intimately ac- mon nature is susceptible, the charac
quainted, and the scenes in which I ter ofthe individualis raised toa high
have seen them , only a portion of the er standard of excellence ; and while
great drama of life. It not in the our admiration is increased , we con
least necessary to my conception of the sider the mind so gifted , as belonging
character of Hamlet that he should be to a superior species ofbeings,in whom
the avenger of his father's murder ; are qualities quite beyond our powers
but I feel convinced , that if he were ofattainment; and, dazzled by the lus
so, or expostulated with his mother on tre by whichthey are surrounded , we
her unnatural conduct, he would speak look up to them as from a humbler
and act exactly as we see him do in sphere, with a sort of mysterious ve
the wonderful playthat bears his name. neration . In the mind, of which I
He is, in my mind, as much an indi- am now to attempt a delineation , those
vidual being as Cæsar or Alexander. powers were so happily blended, as to
I could suppose him placed in ten produce a result of the most endear
thousand other situations, and should ing nature. It is notso much the life,
recognise him in all. His sentiments asthe character of the Bard of the Sab
and actions are the result of his char- bath, with which I would make my
acter, and nevererr in consistency. readers acquainted . In the first there
We have a similar example in the was nothing remarkable, in the latter
character of Sir John Falstaff, whom there was every thing to engage the
we are tempted to believe Shakspeare attention and amend the heart.
oopied from real-life, and then invent- JAMES GRAHAME was born in Glas
ed situations for him ; and in every gow, on the 22d of April 1765—and
situation there appears so much of the was there educated in the usual routine
truth ofnature, thatwe could be easie of public classes, in which he eminent
ly persuaded that the poet is repre- ly distinguished himself. He wrote
senting an action that really happened. some elegant Latin verses when very
TheGreek tragedians are eminently young ; and, although averse to the
successful in the natural and simple appearance of being particularly studie,
expression of sorrow , and abound in ous, he was, even then, so ardeutly de
passages of beautiful poetry ; but it is voted to literary pursuits, that he ale
1817. ) Memoir ofJames Grahame. 699 .

Gloucestershire, at which place he re- months as an interim curate, and

sided with his family for above, a year, was extremely popular ; after which,
and then returned to Annan on a visit. he was appointed to the curacy of
While there, St George's Chapel in Sedgefield , in that see. In this
Edinburgh becoming vacant, he was place he preached before the bishop,
induced , by the persuasion of his who expressed high approbation of
friends, to offer himself a candidate. him, and warm interest in his fa
He came to Edinburgh for that pur- vour ; but before there was time for
pose , and preached several times. The any preferment from his lordship’s
performance of his sacred duties was patronage, the bad health to which he
in unison with his character, simple, had always been subject, increased to
elegant, and affecting. He evinced, an alarming degree. Being afflicted
both in his manner and his doctrine, with violent headach, and oppressive
the deepest impression of those impor- asthma, he was induced to come to
tant truths he was to explain ; but Edinburgh for change of air. He ara
laboured more to inspire his hearers rived at the house of Mrs Archibald
with pious feelings, and to imbue Grahame, his only surviving sister,
their minds with love, and peace, and very much indisposed. He was often
charity, than to bewilder their under- agonized with excruciating pain in his
standings, or dazzle their imaginations. head ; yet he had intervals of ease,
Heappeared like the Apostleof Peace, and was able occasionally to see and
making mankind ashamed of every converse with many of his friends; at
turbulent and unruly passion . He which time he evinced all that play
forgot not the awful justice of his ful cheerfulness, which in former days
Divine Master ; but mercy was the was so attractive in his manners. He
attribute on which he loved to dweil. found in this amiable sister a soothing
His appearance, in the robes of his and an attentive nurse ; but his mala
sacred office , was solemn and devout, dy wearing an alarming aspect, Mrs
while the deep tones of a voice, rich Grahame joined him in Edinburgh ;
in natural pathos, were rendered still and on his expressing an ardent desire
more impressive by the pale hue to go to Glasgow, sheaccompanied him
which sickness had spread over his in his lastjourney to thatplace. Though
fine features ; and he seemed like a very ill before heset out, and aware of
messenger sent from Heaven , that was his danger, he did not imagine his dis
toleadthe way to that happier state solution sonear ;but wasanimated with
ofliving to which he was directing his the idea of visiting the scenes of his
fellow travellers. His excellence as a early days and happiest recollections.
preacher was acknowledged ; and at He even hoped to preach in his native
one time there appeared to be a ma- town , and took two sermons for that
jority of the electors in his favour ; purpose, the subjects of which bear a
but, upon the final trial, another cane striking analogy to the situation of
didate was successful. their author ; the text of one of them
This disappointment was most pain- being, “ O death where is thy sting ? ”
ful to his friends, who were eager to Thevictory indeed was soonto behis.
again enjoy thesociety of one in whom He became worse by the way, and two
they so much delighted, but he bore days after, having arrived at White
it without a murmur, and replied to Hill, near Glasgow , the residence of
the impatient and indignantlamenta- his eldest brother, he expired on the
tions of a much interested friend, in 14th of September 1811, in the forty
the language of meekness and consola- seventh year of his age.
tion , saying, " It mattered not where Immediately afterwards, there was
we passed our time for a few short published a beautiful monody on his
years . Before returning to Annan, death, peculiarly soothing to the feel
he paid a last visit to his respected ings of his friends; the elegant au
mother, who resided in Glasgow, and thor seemed to have wandered in his
who died soon after. favourite haunts, and to have caught,
When the affair of St George's with affectionate ardour, his very tone
chapel was finally settled, he went to of simple pathos and holy enthusiasm .
Durham , and became a candidate for It appeared, from the report of the
a minor canonry ; but failed there also, medical attendants, that the complaint
as it had been promised to another in his head had been of many years
before he applied. He officiated three duration, and must have occasioned
598 Memoir of James Grahame. [ Sept.
Soon after this, he published , in the printing, he and his respectable pub
Kelso Mail, under the signature of lisher, Mr Pillans, always held their
Matilda, a succession of beautiful pic. necessary interviews at some tavern ,
tures of naturethrough several months and seldom more than onceat the same
ofthe year, beginning with April, place. On its publication he brought
which were afterwards extended and the book home with him, and left it
printed in an edition of his works, on his parlour table. Returning soon
with the title of “ The Rural Calen- after, he found Mrs Grahame engaged
dar.” About the year 1800,he wrote in its perusal ; but without venturing
Mary Stuart, a tragedy. This latter to ask her opinion ,hecontinued walk
piece was rather a favourite with the ing up and down the room in breath
author, and though not adapted to the less anxiety , till she burst out in the
stage, it contains many fine poetical warmest eulogiums on the perform
passages, and must ever be considered ance ; adding , “ Ah ! James, if you
anelegant dramatic tale. could but produce a poem like this !":
From asense of duty, however, he The disclosure of the author will readi
paid all due attention to the labours ly be anticipated ; but the mutualhap,
of his profession , especially after his piness of such a moment, when the ti
marriage, which took place in March mid reserve of the poet yielded, in the
1902. He married Miss Grahame, fulness of delight, to the applause of a
cldest daughter of Richard Grahame, judge so respected and beloved, may
Esq. of Annan, a woman possessed of be better imagined than described.
very superior powers ofunderstanding, From this time he became still
and much kindness of heart. On her more attached to poetry ; and at Kirk
judgment and reflection he relied with bill, a beautiful retirement on the
unlimited confidence. In political and banks of the Esk, where he resided
moral principles they were perfectly during two successive summers, he
congenial; but his poetical propen- composed the poem of " The Birds of
sity she was led to discourage, from an Scotland.” In this neighbourhood were
idea, that it interfered withhis profes- the ruins of the oncesplendid abode
sional duties. On discovering, hową of the sanguinary MʻKenzie, and the
ever, that he was the author of the humble cottage of John Kilgour, which
Sabbath, which his timidity induced he has in that poem so interestingly
him to keep a profound secret even contrasted .
from her, she became convinced , that About this period, his original desire
to check his natural bias to poetry, of entering into the church revived
would be like extinguishing the men- with irresistible power ; and the writer
tal vision that was destined toexplore of this Memoir will never forget the
the most interesting beauties of the na- eager longing with which he surveyed
tural, and the most refined modifica- the humble church of Borthwick , on
tions of the moral world ; and from a fine summer evening, when the sun's
that period she was proud of his geni- last rays had gilded the landscape, and
us, and deeply interested in its success. rendered every object in nature more
The unfavourable review of the Sab- sweet and impressive. He cast a look
of delighted complacency around the
bath, she was much less willing to ex-
cuse than he was himself. He indeed peaceful scene, and said, with an ac
never indulged any displeasure against cent of regret, “ I wish such a place as
its author; he loved the man somuch , that had fallen tò my lot.” And when
and felt such respect for his critical it was remarked, that continued retire
powers, that he bowed in acquiescence mentmightbecome wearisome, “ Oh !
to the decision, and was rather offend- no," he replied, " it would be delight,
ed with those friends who expressed ful to live alife of usefulness among a
themselves indignantly upon the occa- simple people, unınolested with petty
sion . cares and ceremonies.”
The extreme delicacy and diffidence In the following spring, having se
of Grahame's character, are strikingly riously formed the design of quitting
exemplified in some circumstances the bar, he left Edinburgh, and, after
attended the first publication of spending a few months at Annan , pro
whichbeautiful poem .
this None of his ceeded to Chester, and from thence
friends had the slightest previous inti- to London, where he was ordained by
mation or suspicion of its existence. the Bishop of Norwich. He was soon
To avoid observation while it was after appointedł curate of Shipton in
1817. ) Memoir ofJames Grahame. 699

Gloucestershire, at which place he re- months as an interim curate, and

sided with his family for above a year, was extremely popular ; after which,
and then returned to Annan on a visit. he was appointed to the curacy of
While there, St George's Chapel in Sedgefield , in that see. In this
Edinburgh becoming vacant, he was place he preached before the bishop,
induced , by the persuasion of his who expressed high approbation of
friends, to offer himself a candidate. him, and warm interest in his fa
He came to Edinburgh for that pure vour ; but before there was time for
pose, and preached several times. The any preferment from his lordship’s
performance of his sacred duties was patronage, the bad health to which he
in unison with his character, simple, had always been subject, increased to
elegant, and affecting. He evinced, an alarming degree. Being afflicted
both in his manner and his doctrine, with violent headach , and oppressive
the deepest impression of those impor- asthma, he was induced to come to
tant truths he was to explain ; but Edinburgh for change of air. He ar
laboured more to inspire his hearers rived at the house of Mrs Archibald
with pious feelings, and to imbue Grahame, his only surviving sister,
their minds with love, and peace , and very much indisposed . He was often
charity, than to bewilder their under- agonized with excruciating painin his
standings, ordazzle their imaginations. head ; yet he had intervals of ease,
Heappeared like the Apostle of Peace, and was able occasionally to see and
making mankind ashamed of every converse with many of his friends ; at
turbulent and unruly passion. He which time he evinced all that play.
forgot not the awful justice of his ful cheerfulness, which in former days
Divine Master ; but mercy was the was so attractive in his manners . He
attribute on which he loved to dwell. found in this amiable sister a soothing
His appearance, in the robes of his and an attentive nurse ; but his mala
sacred office, was solemn and devout, dy wearing an alarming aspect, Mrs
while the deep tones of a voice, rich Grahame joined him in Edinburgh ;
in natural pathos, were rendered still and on his expressing an ardent desire
more impressive by the pale hue to go to Glasgow , she accompanied him
whịch sickness had spread over his in hislastjourney to thatplace. Though
fine features ; and he seemed like a veryill before he set out, and aware of
messenger sent from Heaven , that was his danger, he did not imagine his dis
to lead the way to that happier state solution so near ; but was animated with
ofliving to which he was directing his the idea of visiting the scenes of his
fellow travellers. His excellence as a early days and happiest recollections.
preacher was acknowledged ; and at He even hoped to preach in his native
one time there appeared to be a ma. town , and took two sermons for that
jority of the electors in his favour ; purpose, the subjects of whichbear a
but, upon the final trial, another can striking analogy to the situation of
didatewas successful. their author ; the text of one of them
This disappointment was most pain- being, “ O death where is thy sting?"
ful to his friends, who were eager to Thevictory indeed was soonto be his.
again enjoy thesociety of one in whom He became worse by the way , and two
they so much delighted, but he bore days after, having arrived at White
it without a murmur, and replied to Hill, near Glasgow , the residence of
the impatient and indignant lamenta- his eldest brother, he expired on the
tions of a much interested friend, in 14th of September 1811, in the forty
the language of meekness and consola- seventh year of his age.
tion, saying, " It mattered not where Immediately afterwards, there was
we passed our time for a few short published a beautiful monody on his
years.”. Before returning to Annan, death, peculiarly soothing to thefeel
he paid a last visit to his respected ings of his friends; the elegant au
mother, who resided in Glasgow, and thor seemed to have wandered in his
who died soon after . favourite haunts, and to have caught,
When the affair of St George's with affe nate ardour, his very tone
chapel was finally settled, he went to of simple pathos and holy enthusiasm .
Durham , and became a candidate for It appeared , from the report of the
a minor canonry ; but failed there also, medical attendants, that the complaint
as it had been promised to another in his head had been of many years
before he applied. He officiated three duration , and must have occasioned
600 . Memoir of James Grahame. ( Sept.
agonizing pain . What a deep sympathy voted to his wife with the tenderest
in his sufferings does this information affection. Home was the scene of his
awaken , and whata profound respect best enjoyments, and in domesticlife
for his fortitude and resignation! espe-he was mostendearing. He hated all
cially when it is remembered, that the display ; and though well acquainted
languor and pensiveness so often appa- with every branch of literature, and
rent, which his friends usually ascribedqualified for intercourse with the first
ofthe learned and the wise, yet the
to nervous sensibility, was the effect of
a mortal disease. He had long been sen- mild affability of his manners en
sible of a temporary pausein the beat- couraged the humblest effusions of the
ing of his pulse and the throbbing of unaffected and unassuming. He pos
his heart, which is understood to have sessed a native frankness that banish
proceeded from the same cause . ed restraint. He had a keen relish of
He left two sonsand a daughter- wit in others, and sometimes displayed
most promising children. There was no common degree of it himself : It
no part of his character more imprese did not dart upon his associates with
sive than the paternal ; for, mingled the flash of the meteor, to dazzle and
with a sensitive anxiety for their safe astonish , but was like the enlivening
ty, he paid minute attention to the rays of the setting sun, reflected from
earliest movements of their minds, the rippling waves of a pure, and
and delighted in observing the impres- transparent lake. He looked upon
sions ofwhich they were susceptible, conversation as'a pastime in which all
and sharing like a play -mate in their were entitled to engage, and joined in
innocent gambols ; but his feelings are common topics with an easy gayety ;
best expressed in his own affecting but when subjects of importance were
lines on his son's birth-day. discussed , or his indignation roused ,
“ O ! sportive looks of love, devoid of guile, by acts of injustice or oppression, his
I prize you more than beauty's magic feelings burst forth with all the unre
smile ; strained splendour of a generous and
Yes, in that face, unconscious of itscharm , lofty mind, overwhelming his oppo
I gaze with bliss, unmingled with alarm.
Ah , no ! full oft a boding horror flies nents with a torrent of unexpected elo
Athwart my fancy, uttering fateful cries. quence.
Almighty Power ! his harmless life defend , Piety was interwoven with every
And it we part, ' gainsi me the mandate emotion of his heart, and he constant
send. ly felt the power of the Deity in all his
And yet a wish will rise , Would I might works. The study of Nature was his
live, supreme delight ; but he loved her
Till added years hismemory firmness give ! best in her most simple dress : and
For, 0 ! it would a joy in death impart, the wild flower that sprung on the
To think I still survived within his heart :
To think he'll cast, midway the vale of banksof a lonely streain , pleased him
years, more than the gayest of the cultivated
A retrospective look , bedimmed with tears ; garden.
And tell, regretful, how I looked and spoke; He loved the poor, and knew the
What walks I loved , where grew my fa. best parts of their nature ; discovered
vourite oak ;
theirvirtuous propensities through the
How gently I would lead him by the hand ; rude garb that covered them ; and
How gently use the accent of command ;
while he
What loreI taught him , roaming wood and their adapted
limited his conversation
attainments to
, drew forth
wild,
And how the man descended to the child ;the latent sparks of intelligence with
How well I loved with him , on Sabbath which they were endowed. He justly
morn , and emphatically styles himself * the
To hear the anthem of the vocal horn : poor man's bard .” In the Georgics
To teach religion , unallied to strife, this is particularly obvious— a poem
And trace to him the way, the truth , the which, with all its faults, can never
life." be indifferent to those who possess a
These dear children have also had relish for beautiful description and
the misfortune to lose their excellent genuine feeling.
mother, and are now under the care of His aspect to strangers appeared se
her father and an amiable sister, at date even to seriousness; but this van
Annan . ished on a nearer approach , and the
Grahame would have been ill able smile that occasionally illumined his
to bear this affiiction , for he was de- countenance, was like a beam of sun
4
1817.) The Progress of Inconstancy ; a Tale. 602

shine breaking through the light clouds bitious of scattering a few wild flowers
that sometimes overshadow the bright- over the grave of departed virtue, but
ness of a summer's day. In music he who leaves to a more skilful hand
had the highest enjoyment, and sung the task of rearing a monument wor
himself with fine taste and touching pa- thy ofhis genius. Many images beam
thos. Scotch tunes were his favourites ; upon the writer's mind, to which no
indeed heloved every thing Scotch ; and language can give expression ; much
he left his native country with the ut- is purposely omitted ; but what has
most regret, when his connection with been written, is from the fulness of a
the Englishchurch called him away heart overflowing with grateful recol
from it . His partiality to old things, lections. Y.
is expressed with his usual simplicity
in thefollowing extract of a letter from
Sedgefield : THE PROGRESS OF INCONSTANCY ; OR,
“ October THE SCOTS TUTOR ; A MORAL TALE.
“ You will now be beginning to
cour round the fire at night ; and * Sweet, tender sex ! with snares encom
though looking back with regret on passed round ,
the long summer days, still you have on others hang thy comforts and thy rest."
before you the joys of a bleezing ingle Hogg.
in Auli Reekie, wi' Scotch cracks and
Scotch sangs. What would I give to NATURE has made woman weak, that
be able to draw in my chair among she might receive with gratitude the
you ! I believe I was too old to trans- protection of man . Yet how often
plant, and I doubt if I ever shall be is thisappointment perverted ! "How
able to take root here." often does her protector become her
These feelings are stillmore affect- oppressor! Even custom seemsleagued
ingly exemplified in the followinglines againsther: Born with the tenderest
from the Georgics : feelings, her whole life is commonly a
“ How pleasant came thy rushing, silver struggle to suppress them. Placedin
Tweed, the most favourable circumstances,
Upon my ear, when, after roaming long her choice is confined to a few objects ;
in Southern plains, I've reached thy lovely and unless where singularly fortunate,
banks ! her fondest partialities are only a mo
How bright, renowned Sark , thylittle stream , dification of gratitude. She may re
Like ray of columned light chasinga shower, ject, but cannot invite ; may tell what
Would cross my homeward path ! How
sweet the sounds would make her wretched, but dare
When I, to hear the Doric tongue's reply , not even whisper what would make
Would ask thy well -known name ! her happy ; and, in a word, exercises
And must I leave, merely a negative upon the most im
Dear land, thy bonny þraes, thy dales, portant event of her life. ' Man has
Each haunted byits wizard-stream , o'erhung leisure to look around him , and may
With all the varied cliarms of bush and tree; marry at any age, with almost equal
Thy towering hills, the lineaments sublime, alvantage ; but woman must improve
Unchanged , of Nature's face, which wont the fleeting moment, and determine
to fill
The eye ofWallace,as he musing planned quickly, at thehazard of determining
The grand emprise of setting Scotland free ? rashly. The spring -time ofher beau
And must I leave the friends of youthfulty will notlast; its wane will be the
years , signal for the flight ofher lovers ; and
And mould my heart anew to take the stamp if the present opportunity is neglect
Of foreign friendships in a foreign land ? ed, she may be left to experience
Yes, I may lovethe music ofstrange tongues, the only species of misfortune for
And mouldmyheart anew to take the stamp which the world evinccs no sympathy.
Of foreign friendships in a foreign land : How cruel, then, to increase the mi
But to my parched mouth's roof cleave this
tongue , sery of her natural dependence!
treac
How
My fancy fade into the yellow leaf, ungenerous add
to hery to
And this oft pausing heart forget to throb, strength, and deceive or disappoint
If, Scotland, thee and thine I e'er forget.” those whose highest ambition is our
favour, and whose only safety, is our
This little memoir is offered with honesty !
some hesitation , by one who was hon- William Arbuthnot was born in a re
oured with his friendship, and is am- mote county of Scotland, where his fa
VOL . I. * H
602 The Progress of Inconstancy ; a Tale . [ Sept.
ther rented a few acres of land, which ful day for the family of Belhervie,
his own industry had reclaimed from for that was the name of the residence
the greatest wildness toa state of con- of Mr Arbuthnot. The father was
siderable fertility. Having given, even as profuse of his admonitions as the
in his first attempts at learning, those mother was of her tears, and had a
indications of a retentive memory, stranger beheld the afflicted group, he
which the partiality ofa parent easily would have naturally imagined that
construes into a proof of genius, he they were bewailing some signal cas
was early destined for the Scottishlamity, in place of welcoming an event
Church, and regarded as a philosopher to which they had long looked forward
before he had emerged from the rur- with pleasure. But the feelings of
sery. While his father pleased him- affectionate regret, occasioned by this
self with the prospect of seeing his separation , were most seasonably sus
name associated with the future great- pended by the receipt ofa letter from
ness of his son, his mother, whose Mr Coventry, a respecta ble farmer in
ambition took a narrower range , the neighbourhood, in which that
thought she could die contented if gentleman offered to engage their son
she should see him seated in the for a few years, as a compani on and
pulpit of his native church ; and, pere tutor to his children. This was
haps from a pardonable piece of van- an offer which his parents were too
ity, speculated as frequently upon the prudent to reject, particularly as it
effect his appearance would have up- might prove the means of future
on the hearts of the neighbouring patronage as well as of present emol
daughters, as his discourses upon the ument. It was therefore imme
minds of their mothers. This prac . diately agreed upon, that William
tice, so common among the poorer should himself be the bearer of
classes in Scotland, of making one of their letter of acceptance, and pro
their children a scholar, to the preju- ceed forthwith to his new residence.
dice, as is alleged, of the rest, has On this occasion he was admonished
been often remarked , and sometimes anew ; but the advices were different
severely censured. But probably the from those formerly given, and were
objections that have been urged against delivered by a different person. His
it , derive their chief force from the mother was now the principal speaker ;
exaggerations upon which they are and instead of warning himagainst the
commonly founded. It is not in gen- snares that are laid for youth in a great
eral true; that parents, by bestowing city, she furnished him with somerude
the rudiments of a liberal education lessons on the principles ofgood -breed
upon one of the family, materially in- ing, descending to a number of parti
jure the condition or prospects of the culars too minute to be enumeratec
rest. For it must be remembered , here. William listened to her ha
that the Plebeian student is soon left rangue with becoming reverence and
to trust to his own exertions for sup- attention, and on the following morn
port, and, like the monitor of a Lan- ing, for the first time, bade farewellto
4
castrian seminary, unites the charac- hisOnaffectionate
ters of pupil and master, and teaches
parents.
the afternoon of the same day,
and is taught by turns. he arrived at Daisybank, where he
But to proceed with our little nar- was welcomed with the greatest cor
rative - The parish schoolmaster hav- diality. His appearance was genteel
ing intimated to the parents of his and prepossessing, and it was not long
pupil, that the period was at hand before his new friends discovered , that
when he should be sent to prosecute the slight degree of awkwardness
his studies at the university, the usual which at first clung to his manners,
preparations were made for his jour- proceeded more from bashfulness and
ney, and his departure was fixed for embarrassment than natural rusticity ,
the following day, when he was to But as he began to feel himself at
proceed to Edinburgh under escort of home, this embarrassment of manner
the village carrier and his black dog gradually gave place to an easy but
Cæsar, two of the oldest and most ina unobtrusive politeness. Indeed it
timate of his acquaintance. Gold- would not have been easy for a youth
smith's poetical maxim, that little of similar views, at his first onset in
life, to have fallen into more desirable
things are great to little men , is uni-
versally true ; and this was an event- company. Mr and Mrs Coventry were
 603
1817.) The Progress of Inconstancy ; a Tale.
proverbial among their neighbours for ed ungrateful and even presumptuous.
the simplicity andpurity of their man- But this was waging war with nature,
ners, andthey had laboured , not un- a task which he soon found to be
successfully, to stamp a similar char- above his strength. He had now ,
acter uponthe minds of their children. therefore, to abandon the hope of vic
*Their family consisted of two sons and tory for the safety of retreat,and con
two daughters, the former of whom tent himself with concealing those sen
were confided to the care of William . timents he found it impossible to sub
Mary, the eldest of the four, now due. Yet so deceitful is love, that
in her sixteenth or seventeenth year, even this modest hope was followed
was in every respect the most inter- with disappointment.“ One fine even
esting object at Daisybank. To a ing in June, when he was about to un
mind highly cultivated for her years, bend from the duties of the day, and
she united many of those personal retire to muse upon the amiableMary,
graces and attractions, which command he encountered the fair wanderer her
little homage in the crowd, but open self, who was probably returning from
upon us in the shade of retirement, a similar errand. He accosted her in
and lend to the domestic circle its most evident confusion , and without being
irresistible charms, In stature she conscious of what he said , invited her
scarcely reached the middle size. To tº join him in a walk to a neighbour
the beauty derived from form and ing height. His request was complied
colour she had few pretensions ; yet with in the same spirit it had been
when her fine blue eyes moistened made, for embarrassment is often con
with a tear at a tale of distress, or tagious, particularly the embarrassment
beamed an unaffected welcome to the arising from love. On this occasion
stranger or the friend, he must have he intended to summon up all his
been more or less than man who felt powers of conversation , and yet his
not for her asentiment superior to ad- companion had never found him so
miration . Her's, in a word , was the silent. Some common - place compli
beauty of expression - the beauty of ments to the beauty of the evening
a mind reflected, in which the dullest were almost the only observations
disciple of Lavater could not for a mo- which escaped his lips, and these he
ment have mistaken her real char-' uttered more in the manner of a sleep
acter .
Her education had been prin- walker than a lover. They soon reach
cipally conducted under the eye of hered the limit of their walk, and rested
parents, and might be termed domes- upon an eminence that commanded
tic rather than fashionable. Not that the prospect of an extensive valley be
she was entirely a stranger to those low. Day was fast declining to that
acquirements which are deemed in- point which is termed twilight, when
dispensible in modern education. She the whole irrational creation seem pre
had visited occasionally a great metro- paring for rest,and only man dares to
polis, though, owing to the prudent. intrude upon the silence of nature.
solicitude of her parents, her residence Miss Coventry beheld the approach of
there had been comparatively short, night with some uneasiness, and dread
yet probablylong enough to acquire ing to be seen with William alone,
all its useful or elegant accomplish- she began to rally him upon his ap
ments, without any admixture of its parent absence and confusion, and pro
fashionable frivolities. posed that they should immediately
From this hasty portraiture of Miss return to the house. At mention of
Coventry, it will easily be believed this,William started as from a dream,
that it was next to impossible for a and being unable longer to command
youth nearly of the same age, and not his feelings, he candidly confessed to
dissimilar in his dispositions, to re- her the cause of his absence and de
main long insensible to charms that jection . He dwelt with much emo
were gradually maturing before his tion upon his own demerit, and vol
eyes, and becoming every day more untarily accused himself for the pre
remarkable. Fortunately, however, sumption of a hope which he never
the idea of dependance attached to his meant to have revealed until the near
situation, and a temper naturally diffi- er accomplishment of his views' had
dent, determined hiin to renounce for rendered it less imprudent and ro
ever a hope which he feared in his mantic. He declared , that he would
present circumstances would be cleem- sooner submit to any hardship than
606
The Progress of Inconstancy ; 4 Tale. [ Seps .
incur the displeasure of her excellent snugness and comfort that reigned
parents, and intreated, that whatever within made him forget the storm
were her sentiments with regard to that pelted without, for the most de :
the suithe was so presumptuous as to licious paradise an eastern imagination
prefer, that she might assist him in ever painted.
concealing from them a circumstance It will thus readily be imagined, that
which he feared would be attended the saddest day of our tutor's life was
with that consequence. To this ten- that on which heparted from this ami
der and affectionate appeal, the gentle able family. He had here, he believed ,
Marycould only answer with her sighs spent the happiest moments of his ex
and blushes. She often indeed at- istence, andinstead of rejoicing that
tempted to speak, but the words as of- he had passed through one stage of his
ten died upon her lips, and they had apprenticeship, he dwelt upon the past
nearly reached home before she could with pleasure , and looked forward to
even whisper an answer to the reite- the future with pain .
rated question of her lover. Bụt she Fortune, however, presentedan in- ,
did answer at last ; and never was a superable obstacle to his spending his
monarch more proud of his conquest, days in the inaction of private study ;
or the homage of tributary princes, and he knew that he could neither
than William was of the simple fealty gain , nor deserved to gain , theobject
of the heart of Mary, of his affection, without establishing
In the bosom of this happy family, himself in life, by pursuing the course
William now found his hours glide which had been originallychalked out
away so agreeably, that he looked for- to him . After, therefore, “ pledging
ward with real regret to the termina , oft to meet again ," he bade adieu to
tion of his engagement. His condi- Daisybank, loaded with the blessings
tion was perhapsone of those in which of the best of parents, and followed :
the nearest approach is made to per- with the prayers of the best of daugh
fect happiness ; when the youthful ters, He now paid a farewell visit to
mind, unseduced by the blandishments his parents ; and after remaining with
of ambition, confines its regards to a them a few days, he proceeded to
few favourite objects, and dreads a Edinburgh, and for a short period felt
separation from them as the greatest his melancholy relieved, by the thou
of evils. The contrast between the sand novelties that attract the notice
patriarchal simplicity of his father's of a stranger in a great city. But this
fireside, and the comparative elegance was only a temporary relief, and as he
of Mr Coventry's parlour, for a season had no friend in whom he could con :
dazzled him with its novelty ; while fide, he soon felt himself solitary in
the ripening graces of Mary threw the midst of thousands. Often , when in
around him a fascination which older the Professor wasexpatiating upon the
and more unsusceptible minds than force of the Greek particles, his ima
his might have found it difficult to re- gination was hovering over the abotles 1

sist. In his domestic establishment, he had forsaken ; and frequently it

Mr Coventry aimed at nothing beyond would have been more difficult for him
comfort and gentility. William was to have given an account of the lectures
therefore treated in every respect as an he had been attending, than to have
equal, and was never banished from calculated theprobability of what was
his patron's table to make room for a passing at an hundred miles distance.
more important guest, or condemned But this absence and dejection at last
to hold lent over a solitary meal,while wore off, and as he possessed good nat
the family were celebrating a holiday. ural talents, and had been an indus
All our ideas are relative, and we trious student formerly, he soon dis. » .
estimate every thing by comparison. tinguished himself in his classes ; and
Upon this principle, William Thought before the usual period, was engaged
no female so lovely or amiable as Miss as a tutor in one of the best families
Coventry , and no residence so delight, in Scotland.
ful as Daisybank. And he would not This event formed another import
have exchanged his feelings, while ant era in his life. His prospects were
seated on a winter evenivg amidst his now flattering, and as vanity did not
favourite circle, scannivg, for their a- fail to exaggerate them , he soon drop
musement, a page of history, or the ped a considerable portion of his hu
columns of a newspaper, while the inility, and began to regard himself as
1817.] The Progress of Inconstancy ; a Tale. 605

a young man of merit, to whom for- state for the space ofthree long years,
tune was lavish of her favours. In at least they seemed long to Miss Co
his leisure hours he was exposed to ventry, when William received his
mingle much in society, and as his license as á preacher. He now there
manners and address were easy and fore thought of redeeming a pledge he >!

engaging, scarcely a week elapsed that had given to the minister of his native N

did not add to the number of his parish, to make his first public appear
friends. The affections, when divided ance in his pulpit; and after giving
into many chanr:els, cannot run deep due intimation, he departed for the
in any, and probably, for every ne arish of -- , with his best sermon in
acquaintance whom William honoured the pocket of his best coat. The ac
with his esteem, it required a sacrifice count of hisvisit spread with telegra
of friendship at the expense of love, phic despatch , long before telegraphs
and produced some abatement of that were invented, and was known over
devotion of soul which accompanies half the county many days before his 1

every true and permanent attachment. arrival. This was another great and
At Daisybank he had seen a simple eventful day for his mother. She
favourite of the graces, but here he blessed Providence that she had lived
beheld the daughters of wealth and of to see the near fulfilment of her most
fashion, surrounded with all the gloss anxious wish , and rising a little in her
of art, and soon began to waver in his ambition, thought she could now die
attachment, and even to regard his en- contented, if sheshould see him settled
gagement as little more than a youth- in a living of his own, and be greeted
ful frolic. Still this temper of inind by her neighbours, with the envied
was not attained without many strug- name of grandmother.-- As William ,
gles between loveand ambition , honour was expected to dine with his parents
and interest ; nor could he ever for a on hisway to the parsonage, or as it
moment commune with himself, with is called in Scotland, the manse of
out feeling remorse for hisinconstancy, > great preparations were made
and ingratitude. He could not anni- for his reception , and for the appear
hilate the conviction , that Miss Co- ance of the whole fanily at church on
ventry was as faithful and worthy as the following Sunday. Mrs Arbuth
ever, and had she been present to ap- not drew from the family-chest her
peal to his senses, it is probable he wedding gown, which had only scen
might have been preserved from the the suntwice during thirty summers;
crimeof apostasy. But these were fits and her husband, for the first time,
ofreflection and repentance which re- reluctantly applied a brush to his holi
petition soon deprived of their poig- day suit, which appeared from the
nancy . The world, the seductive antiquity of its fashion , to have de..
world, returned with all its opiates and scended, like the garments of the Swiss,
charms, to stifle in his bosom the feel- through many successive generations,
ings of honour, and obliterate every of the Arbuthnots.
trace of returning tenderness. After The little church of H , was
this he became less punctual in his crowded to the door, perhaps for the
correspondence with Miss Coventry, first time, long before the bellman had
and in place of anticipating the arrival given the usual signals. Mr Coven
of her letters, as he was wont to do, iry, though residing in a different
he allowed them to be sent slowly to parish, had made a journey thither
his lodgings, opened them without with several of his family, for the pura ,
anxiety, andread them without in- pose of witnessingthe first public ap
terest . Of all this inconstancy, in- pearance of his friend. In this party
gratitude, and neglect, the simple was the amiable Mary, who took a
Mary remained a silent, though not greater interest in the event than any ,
unconcerned spectator. Kind and ge- one, save the preacher, was aware of
nerous by nature, and judging of William, on this occasion, recited a
others by herself, she framed a thou- well written discourse with ease and
sand excuses for his negligence ; and fluency, and impressed his audience
when he did condescend to write to with a high opinion of his talents and
her, answered him as she had been un- piety . Some of the elder of them ,
conscious of any abatement in his at- indeed , objected to his gestures and
tentions. pronunciation, which they thou ,ht
Matters remained in this uncertain 66 new fangled" and theatrical ; but
606 The Progress of Inconstancy ; a Tale. [ Sept.
they all agreed in thinking him a enslaved it, and the traces of early af
clever lad ,and a great honour to his fection are not easily effaced from a
parents. His mother was now over- mind into which the darker passions
whelmed with compliments and con- havenever entered .
gratulations from aſl quarters, which William bade adieu to Miss Coven
she received with visible marks ofpride try, without dropping one word upon
and emotion. Mr Coventry waited in which she could rear the superstruc
the church -yard till the congregation ture of hope, and carried with him her
had retired , to salute his friend, and peace ofmind, as he had formerlycar
invite him to spend a few days at ried with him her affections. From
Daisybank. Mary, who hung in her that hour she became pensive and me
father's arm , curtsied, blushed , and lancholy, in spite of all her efforts to
looked down. She had no well-turne appear cheerful and happy. She had
ed compliment to offer on the occasion, rejected many lovers for the incon
but her eyes expressed something at stant's sake, but that gave her no con
parting, which once would have been cern . Her union with him had been
sweeter to his soul than the applause long the favourite object of her life,
of all the world beside. andshe could have patiently resigned
Ambition, from the beginning, has existence,now that its object was lost.
been the bane of love. War and peace But she shuddered at the thought of
are not more opposite in their nature the shock it would give heraffectionate
and effects than those rival passions, parents ; for the softer feelings of our
and the bosom that is agitated with nature are all of one family, and the
the cares of the one has little relish tenderest wives have ever been the
for the gentle joys of the other . Wile most dutiful daughters.
liam beheld in the person of Miss Co- It was impossible for Mary long to
ventry all he had been taught to re- conceal the sorrow which consumed
gard as amiable or estimable in woman , her. Her fading cheeks and heavy
but the recollection of the respect that eyes gave dailyindications of what
had been shewn him by females of dis- her lips refused to utter. Her parents
tinction, mixed with exaggerated no- became deeply alarmed at these symp
tions of his own merit, made him un- toms of indisposition, and anxiously
dervalue those simple unobtrusive and unceasingly inquired into the
graces he once valued so highly, and cause of her illness ; but her only
think almost any conquest easy after he answer was, that she felt no pain.
had been settled in the rich living of The best physicians were immediately
B, which had been promised him consultedupon her case, who recom
by his patron. mended change of air and company ;
On the following day he paid a visit but all these remedies were tried with
to Daisybank , and received the most out effect. The poison of disappoint
cordial welcome from a family who ment had taken deep root in herheart,
sympathised almost equally with his and defied the power of medicine.
parents in his prospects and advance- Her attendants, when they found
ment. During his stay there, hehad all their prescriptions ineffectual, be
frequent opportunitiesof seeing Miss gan to ascribe her malady to its real
Coventry alone; but he neglected , or cause, and hinted to her parents their
rather avoided them all ; and when apprehensions that she had been cross
rallied on the subject of marriage, de- edin love. The good people, though
claimed on the pleasures of celibacy, greatly surprised at the suggestion,
and 'hinted, with a good deal of in- had too much prudence to treat it
sincerity, his intention of living single. with indifference, and they left no
Although these speeches were like dag- means untried , consistent with a re
gers to the mind of her who regretted gard for the feelings of their child, to
she could not rival him in inconstancy wile from her the important secret.
and indifference, they produced no At first she endeavoured to evade their
visible teration in her behaviour. inquiries ; but finding it impossible
Hers was not one of those minds in to allay their apprehensions without
' which vanity predominates over every having recourse to dissimulation, she
other feeling , and where disappoint- confessed to her mother her attach
ment is commonly relieved by the ha- ment to William , concealing only the
tred or resentment which it excites. promises he had inade to her, and
Her soul was soft as the passion that cvery circumstance that imputed to
1817. ) The Progress of Inconstancy ; a Tale. 607

him the slightest degree of blame. indulging in the pleasing hope that
At the same time she intreated them , all would yet be well ; but on their ar
with the greatest earnestness, that no rival at Daisybank, they were serious
use mightbe made of a secret which ly alarmed to hear thatMiss Coventry
she wished to have carried with her had been considerably worse since her
to the grave. This was a hard task father left home.' She was now en
imposed upon her parents. They felt tirely confined to her chamber, and
equally with herself the extreme de- seemed to care for nothing so much as
licacy of making the disclosure ; but, solitude, and an exemption from the
on the other hand, they contemplated trouble of talking. As soon as she
nothing but the probable loss of their was informed of the arrival of their
child ; an event, the bare apprehension visitor, she suspected he had been sent
of which filled their minds with the for, and therefore refused to see him ;
bitterest anguish . After many anxious but upon being assuredby hermother,
consultations, Mr Coventry determin- who found deceit in this instance in
ed , unknown to any but his wife, to dispensible, that his visit was yolun
pay a visit to William , and ascertain tary and accidental, she at last con
his sentiments with regard to his sented to give him an interview .
daughter. On entering the room , which had
Upon his arrival at Edinburgh, he formerly been the family parlour,
found that his friend had departed William was forcibly struck with the
for the manse of B , with which contrast it exhibited . Every object
he had been recently presented. This seemed to swim before his sight, and
event, which, in other circumstances, it was some moments before he dis
would have given him the liveliest covered Miss Coventry, who reclined
pleasure, awakened on this occasion upon a sofa at the farther end of the
emotions of a contrary nature, as he room. He advanced with a beating
feared it would make his now reverend heart, and grasped the burning hand
friend more elevated in his notions, that was extended to meet him. He
and consequently more averse to an pressed it to his lips and wept, and
union with his daughter. He did not, muttered something incoherent offor
however, on that account, conceal the giveness and love. He looked doubt
real object of his journey ,orendeavour ingly on Mary's face for an answer-
to accomplish his purpose by stratagem but her eye darted no reproach, and
or deceit. He candidly disclosed his her lips uttered no reflection. A faint
daughter's situation and sentiments, blush, that at thismoment overspread
requesting of his friend that he would her cheek , seemed a token of return
open to him his mind with equal can- ing strength, and inspired him with
dour ; and added, that although he confidence and hope ." It was the last
held wealth to be an improper motive effort of nature and ere the blood
in marriage, and hoped that his daugh- could return to its fountain, that foun
ter did not require such a recommend- tain had closed for ever. Death ap
ation, that, in the event ofthis union, proached his victim under the dis
whatever he possessed would be liber- guise of sleep, and appeared divested
ally shared with him . of his usual pains and terrors.
On hearing of the situation of Miss William retired from this scene of
Coventry, William became penetrated unutterable anguish , and for a long
with the deepest remorse ; and being period was overwhelmed with the
aware that his affection for her was deepest melancholy and remorse. But
rather stifled than estranged, he de- time gradually, softened and subdued
clared his willingness to make her his his sorrow , and I trust, perfected his
wife. These words operated like a repentance. He is since married and
charm upon the drooping spirits of wealthy, and is regarded by the world
the father ; who embraced his friend as an individual eminentlyrespectable
with ardour, and besought him im- and happy. But, amidst allhis com
mediately toaccompanyhimhome, forts , therearemoments when he
that they might lose no time in mak- would exchange his identity with the
ing a communication ,which he fondly meanest slave that breathes, and re
hoped would have a similar effect gards himself as the murderer of
upon thespirits of his daughter. Mary Coventry, J. M'D. 1

They departed accordingly together, Dumfries, September 1817.

‫بال دو‬ ‫موم پلی‬ ‫ریال و‬
 608 Some Account of Colonel Cleland. [ Sept.
SOME ACCOUNT OF COLONEL WILLIAM to have been ! written by him the
CLELAND, WITH EXTRACTS FROM last year he was at the College, not
HIS POEMS, AND A NARRATIVE OF then fully eighteen years of age . His
The Conflict AT DUNKELD, IN Mock Poem upon the expedition of
WHICH HE FELL .
the Highland Host,' we should judge
from internalevidence to have been writ
It is somewhat remarkable, that ten about the same period, namely, in
Cleland, though one of the most gal. the interval between thewinter of 1678,
tant leaders of the oppressed Cove- when the Highlanders were brought
nanters, and highly distinguished in down upon the country, and the in
his own time for attachment to the surrectionof the Whigs in May 1679.
patriotic cause, which he zealously Perhaps the spirit and zeal displayed
and daringly defended both by his in these effusions might recommend
sword and his pen - should only be the author to therespect and confidence
now known to the public by a few of the Cameronian leaders, many of
brief and casual notices. Most of the whom were certainly neither deficient
other Whig champions of that period, in learning nor politeaccomplishments,
whether clerical or military-from though it has been but too much the
the devout and enthusiastic Cameron, fashion since to speak of them as mere
to the dark and desperate Balfour of illiterate, vulgar, and ferocious enthu
Burley — have found some friendly siasts. On the unfortunate day of
historian to cord their achievements Bothwell- Bridge , Cleland he the
and their sufferings. But of Cleland's rank of captain , as is commemorated
biography, the few scattered vestiges by Howie. (Sec Faithful Contend
still existing (or at least such as we ings, page 13.)
have been able , after some search , to Whether he made his escape beyond
discover ) may be comprised in afew seas after being denounced for his ap
sentences. pearance at Drumclog and Bothwell,
Of his family and lineage nothing is or continued to lurk , with others of
recorded. The only notice we find of the proscribed and intercommune
his connexions, occurs in a proclama- Covenanters, among the fastnesses of
'tion issued against the insurgent Cove- his native country, wehave not been
nanters immediately after their defeat able to ascertain ; but we find, from a
at Bothwell- Bridge, June 1679. This passage in Wodrow, ( Vol. II. p. 362.)
document, after specifying Robert that he was in Scotland in 1685,
Hamilton, John Balfour of Kinloch, beingthen underhiding among the
and others of the principal leaders, wilds of Lanark and Ayrshires. Cap
mentions, James and William Clel- tain John Campbell ofOver Welwood,
ands, brethren -in -law to John Had- who had some time before escaped
doway, merchant in Douglas.' ( See from the ' iron -house in the Canon
Wodrow , Vol II . appendix, p . 27.). gate,'after skulking for a while among
Of James Cleland no further notice the hills and moors of that wild dis
appears. William first distinguished trict, accidentally met with Cleland ,
himself at the conflict of Drumclog or bout the tiine ' when Argyle was como
Loudon Hill, where he acted as an ing in ,' and spent most of the sum
officer of foot. It seems probable that mer with him and his companions, John
he had previously acquired some de- Fullerton, Robert Langlands, George
gree of influence among the non-con- Barclay, and Alexander Peden , and
formists, whether from rank, ability, met with many wonderful deliver
or enthusiasın, since he was chosen at ances. Aswehear nothing more of
so early an age to act as one of their Cleland till after the Revolution, it
commanders in that desperate emer- seems likely that he effected his es
gency ; for he had then scarcely reach - cape to the Continent, after the
ed his eighteenth year ,—as will be failure of Argyle's ' ill-conducted en
observed from the subjoined Narra- terprise, when the only hopes of the
tive, where he is stated to have been oppressed 'reverted to Holland. An
at the time he fell, ' within twenty- allusion is perhaps made to his adven
eight years of age. In his volume tures abroad, in one of his smaller
of ' Poems, composed upon Various pieces, ' entitled , “ Some Lines made
Occasions,' which weshallimmediate- by him upon the observation of the
ly refer to more particularly, the lines, vanity of worldly honours , after he
entitled, “ Hollo my Fancie,' are sail had been at several princes' tourts.'
 1817.) Some Account of Colonel Ckland. 609
After the Revolution he was ap- Colonel Cleland was the father of
26 pointed lieutenant-colonelof the Earl William Cleland, Esq. one ofthe Com
i of Angus' regiment, called the Came- missioners of the Customs in Scotland ,
ronian regiment, from being chiefly and author of the Prefatory Letter to
composed of levies raised among that the Dunciad. This person is also men
staunch and zealous sect; and shortly tioned by some of the annotators on
after, in August 1680, he was killed Pope, as having been the supposed ori
at the head of this corps, while they ginal of Will Honeycomb. He died in
manfully and successfully defended 1741, leaving a son, who, falling into
the church - yard of Dunkeld against utter licentiousness and extreme pover
a superior force of Highlanders. Of ty, prostituted his pen to the composi
this well -fought and desperate con- tion of indecent and infamous works.
flict, a minute and accurate account is There is a story of some English peer
given in the subjoined Narrative, having allowed this wretched man a
with which we have been furnished pension, on the express condition that
from a private repository, and which he should never more prostitute his
seems to havebeen the authentic offi- talents to such purposes — Cleland
cialaccount of the affair then issued having alleged thatwant had reduced
to the public. In a MS. account of him to this deplorable resource. It
this fight, written by one of the of- is said to have been a law -lord who
ficers engaged in it , (which we have thus bought him off from the service
seen in another private collection , and of immorality, and that his attention
which agrees in every material point was excited towards him by a prose
with that subjoined ) the force which cution on the above account.
came down under the Jacobite gene- Colonel Cleland's Poetical Works
ral, Cannan , to attack the Cameronians were published in 1697, a few years
in the church- yard, is described as after his death. They are comprised in
consisting of " 3 troops of horsema a small duodecimo volume, which is
battalion of foot armed w! helmit and very scarce, and has never been re
brese, sword and targe- then a batta- printed. It commences with a wild
lion of firelocks — then a 3d battalion rhapsody, entitled ,' Hollo, my Fancie,'
1 with 4 ledder cannons ;" which , with which, in the opinion of a very com
some other troops also brought down, petent judge, displays considerable
are said to have amounted altogether imagination. This is followed by
to about 4000 men . A Mock Poem upon the Expedition
Of Cleland's personal character it of the Highland Host, who came to
is not possible to form any very accu- destroy the Western Shires in Winter
rate estimate, from the little we know 1678. It seems to be a rough , and
of his history, or even from his works, probably a juvenile, imitationof Hu
which almost entirely consist of scoff- dibras. It is of considerable length,
ing or indignant satiresagainst the sy- and begins as follows : "
cophantish prelates and savageperse- " When Saturn shakes his frostie feathers ;
cutors who had proscribed hisfriends When Russia garments are rough leathers ;
and ruined his country. The late Dr When Dutch Dames over Stoves do chatter;
Leyden had a great-grandfather, who When men dry-shoo'd traverse the water ;
was a soldier , or non - commissioned When Popish partie invocats
officer, in the Cameronian regiment- Both Saints and Angels ; when their pats,
and he used to mention a tradition, While they want weights of Air and Earth,
May be repay'd with Water's birth : *
that Cleland's gayety of manners was It was not long from that time when
rather offensive to the more austere The chas'd and tossed Western men :
part of his followers. He appears to Were dissipat at Pictland fells
have been a man of a strong mind and ByDevils, Drummonds, and Dalzells:
steady principles, with perhaps no When veals for raritics are sold ,
small portion of the acrimony and And when young Ladies catcheth cold ;
coarseness of those evil times infused This season sure works strange effects
into a disposition naturally generous Upon their naked breasts and necks:
and liberal. He was, whatperhaps But pardon me, it is ill breeding
some may suppose extraordinary for To touch the modes of ladies' cleeding,
thetimes and transactions in which he Hence I'll not do the like again ,
Tho'they wear nothing buc their skin.
lived and acted - heroic, without in
tolerance ; and a staunch Covenanter, • Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border, vol.
without being fanatical. ii . p. 69.
VOL. I. 41
 1
610 Some Account of Colonel Cleland. [ Sept.
Conrets raign'd above the city, Who led the van and drove the rear ,
Preachers prison'd without pity ; Were right well mounted of their gear ;
Some knut up for wearing gunes : With brogues, trues, and pirnie plaides ,
Wine was drunken out in tunes . And goodblew bonnets on their heads,
Next with blasphemie and rude speeches, Which on the one side had a flipe,
New coin'd scurvie's vex the leidges : Adorn'd with a tobacco -pipe.
Ladies hecki'd , and Lords horn'd , With durk, and snap.work , and snuff-mill,
Some for lending money scornd : A bagg which they with onions fill,
Men fin'd for preventing murders ; And as their strick observers say,
Princes owning Bishops' orders ; A tupe-horn fill'd with usquebay.
Curats swearing by their gowns ; A slasht-out coat beneath their plaides,
Old French taylours ruling towns. A targe of timber, nails and hides ;
Self-Defenders termed Rebels, Withalong two-handed sword ,
Proclamations, grievous libels : As good's the countrey can affoord
Majors turning hang-men's mates ; Had they not need of bulk and bones,
Sentries watching Bishops' gates. Who fights with all these arms at once ?
Gentlemen of good account It's marvellous how in such weather
Might not think it an affront O'er hill and hop they caine together ;
To sit with lousie rogues together , How in such stormes they came so farr ;
Yea stand and serve their foot-men's brother. The reason is, they're smear'd with tar ,
New -made Earls, and some that Which doth defend them heel and neck,
Arejudged , nihil significat, Just as it doth their sheep protect
With a pack of Redshank Squires, Nought like religion they retain,
Eatingup the Western Shireso Of moral honestie they're clean .
Clergie's acts and Canon Law , In nothing they're accounted sharp,
Put on cartes for horse to draw ; Except in bag-pipe and in harpe.
Cables, towes, ligure chists, For a misobliging word,
Manackles for thumbs and fists She'll durk her neighbour o'er the boord ,
Cords for wreaking people's throats, And then she'll flee like fire from flint,
Germans for contriving plots ; She'll scarcely ward the second dint :
Durks to stop in musquets end, If any ask her of her thrift,
Pray, what may all this portend ?” Foresooth her Nainsell lives by thift."
He a then
He afterwards proceeds to describe with few anecdotes , muchillustrates
details (and in the
this famous ' Host' with very consi
derable forceHighlanders,
and humour ; and
and their manner of the prose article on the same
lashes subject, inserted in the first Number
the savage
more detestable employers, with much of our Miscellany ) the intolerable op
well-merited and well-directed satire ; pression and wantón mischief inflicted
thoughitmust be allowed that the upon the defenceless inhabitantsby
mock these ' redshank squires.'
style of this and his other
poems” too frequentlydescends to the They're
How they charg’d
behaved towhen
march intothere,
come the West ;
low scurrility and vulgar doggerel so How neither friend nor foe did spare ,
freely indulged in by the writers of What plunder they away did bear,
that age. The following passages will Ye partly afterwards shall hear ;
serve to convey some idea of his powers How each rank was by them abused,
of observation and characteristic de- What beastly shamles tricks they used. * *
scription : For truly they more cruel carrie
Than even Frenchmen under Marie,
“ Some might have judg’d they were the Yea, they more savage far than those were
creatures Who with Kollkittock and Montrose were ,
Call’d Selfies, whose customes and features And sixtie times they're worse than they
Paracelsus doeth discry Whom Turner led in Galloway.
In his Occult Philosophy, They durk
*带
our tenants,* shamesour wives
Or Faunes, or Brownies, if ye will,
Or Satyres, come from Atlas Hill ; They sell our tongs for locks of snuff :
Orthat the three -tongu'd Tykewas sleeping, They take our cultors and our soaks,
Who hath the Stygian door a -keeping : And from our doors they pull the locks ;
Their head, their neck, their leggs and They break our pleughs ev'n when they're
thighs, working,
Are influenced by the skies ; We dare not hinder them for durking :
Without a clout to interrupt them, My Lords, they so harasse and wrong us,
They need not strip them when they whip There's scarcea pair of shoes amongus ;
them , And for blew -bonnets they leave non
or loose their doublet when they're hangd. That they can get their clauts upon ;
If any dare refuse to give them ,
those who were their chief commanders, They durk them , strips them , and so leave
uch who bore the pirnie standarts ; them.
1817.] SomeAccount of Colonel Cleland. 611
“ Fain would I know ( if beasts have any
What can the great Turk order worse reason )
Than múrder, rob, and conscience force ?- Iffalconskillingeaglesdocommita treason . "
If yee have no reliefto send us We do not understand, however,
Goe to , dispatch , eat up, and end us. that his political opinions were by any
They answer’d , “ If ye'll not conforme means those of a republican, or that he
Yee must resolve to byde the storme ;
His Grace hath sworn that every man, went beyond the principles maintain
That is betwixt Bersheba and Dan , ed by all the staunch and true Whigs,
Must take the Bund , or he'll do better of his time ; and indeed to us(whoac
He'll heat the furnace seven* times hetter.
器
count ourselves quite moderate in po
litics) the sentiment contained in the
The next poem of any length, and following linesappears perfectly sound,
the one indeed which occupies by far though strongly , and perhaps rather
the greater part of this volume, is en« roughly, expressed :
titled, Effigies Clericorum ; or, a 66 Since it a good work is reputed
Mock Poem on the Clergy, when they To liberat the persecuted ,
met to consult about taking the Test, And to defend poor sackeless wights
in the year 1681. ” Of this, as of the Who may be robbed of their rights,
one we have just quoted , it would be As well by King's their malversation
equally dificult and unprofitable to As by a Cromwel's usurpation ;
attempt any analysis : Many of the Your logick , Sir, 's not worth a spittle
political allusions have now become Twixt Rogues that have and want a Title."
doubtful or unintelligible ; and though Among the smaller poems there is
the writer's sentimentsare often strong- one which reminds us successfully
ly and pointedly expressed, yet we ( and that is saying a great deal) of
must own that his two principalpoems some of the more broad and careless
appear to be altogether extremely de effusions of Swift. It is introduced
sultory and confused , and exhibit little by the following notice :
appearance of having ever undergone
much correction , or of having been “ The Popish party, after the defeat of
intended for any other than mere tem Monmouth and Argyle, published an
insulting ballad, to the tune Hey
porary purposes. The following curi Boyes up go we ; which coming to the
ous passage seems to indicate the place hands of Lieutenant-Col. Cleland, he
of the author's nativity, and also re- made the second part to the same tune
fers to the opinion still commonly en- and strain , holding forth the language
tertained by the Scottish peasantry, of their wayes. Anno 1685.
respecting the disappearance of their “ Now down with the confounded Whiggs,
old visitors, the Fairies. Let Loyaltie take place ;
“ No Muse's help I will implore, Let Hell possess their damn'd intrigues,
For I was ne'er at Lesbos shore, And all that cursed race ;
Neither did haunt Arcadian glens, Let oaths abound , and cups go round,
Groves, mountains, watersides, and fens. And whoores and rogues go free,
ell
And Heaven itself stoop to the Crown ,
“ I am very apt to think For Hey Boyes up go we. ,
There's als much vertue, sonce, and pith ,
In Annan , or the water of Nith, Come, let us drink a health about
Which quietly slips by Dumfries , Unto our Holy Father,
His sacred maxims without doubt
Als any water in all Greece. We will embrace the rather ,
For there and several other places, Because they're fram’d with wit and sense,
About mill- dams and green brae faces , And favours Monarchie ,
Both elrich Elfs and Brownies stayed,
And green-gown's Fairies daunc'd and And can with all our sins dispense ;
play'd : So Hey Boyes up go we.
When old John Knox and other some There we shall ramble at our ease,
Began to plott the Baggs of Rome, And still enjoy the best,
They suddenly took to their heels And all our wild affections please
And did no more frequent those fields. In a religious vest ;
But if Rome's pipes perchance hear, And yet keep Heaven at our dispose,
Sure for their interest they’li compear If such a thing there be ;
Again , and play their old Hell's tricks,” &c. And dras the people by the nose.
Mr Scott, quoting another poem of So Hry Boyes up go we.
Cleland's, observes, - " His anti-mo
narchical principles seem to break out There's some who do for Vertue pleady
in the following lines : And Glory do miscarry,
612 Some Account of Colonel Cleland.
Assert we serve a Parricide
Or an Incendiarie ;
But we will murder, sham , and trick ,
Of such to make us free ;
We'll burn alive, and quarter quick
So Hey Boyes up go we.
The Parliament, those poor sham sots,
We'll make them well content
To give supplies to cut their throats ;
And when they do consent,
We'll kick these villains on the breech ,
No more of them will we,
But Britain better manners teach
For Hey Boyes up go woe.
But ifthey chance to temporize,
And foster fond suspicions,
And tell King James of theirfranchise,
Their charters and conditions,
He'll pupon them and their Laws
They're blind that cannot see
The longest Sword decides the Cause
ThusHey Boyes up go we.
The sins of the Long Parliament
He'll visite them upon ,
Their other crimes and henious faults,
Which since are come and gone.
Of Westminster and Oxford too
The damned memorie ;
He hath an Irish job to do
So Hey Boyes up go we.
And, that he may facilitat
His work , he'll work a while
By Toleration -- lull asleep
The rogues, and them beguile ;
Some subtile potions he'll compose
Of grace and clemencie,
To blunt all those who him oppose
So Hey Boyes upgo wc.
This is in our author's best man
ner ; and
lofty he is also capable
but dignified of a more
strain , though his only as a ScotsWorthy, but like
temperament perhaps, and probably
still more the circumstances in which
he was placed, habitually inclined him
to “ crack the satiric thong ” The
following stanzas well become the in
trepid warrior who fought and died for
the cause of Religion and of Liberty :
they form part of a short poem , en ..
titled , “ Some few Lines composed by
him for divertisement from melan-
cholie thoughts, when travelling a-
broad . To the tune of Fancyfree. "
“ Through razing rage of cursed kings,
Whom vicious souls admire ;
Through unjust sentences which springs
From avarice or ire ;
Or some such like infernall cause,
Whence guiltless people quake
Before his face, whose sword , whose laws,
Should their oppressors shake ;
Through firie fevers, wasting wounds,
Through melancholious want,
[ Sept.
Through sad distastures which abounds
To such as long and pant
Through calumnies, through frauds and
slights,
That moveth mortals' mind,
Through slandering tongues of brutish
wights,
To baser wayes inclined :
They must adventure who intends
In Vertue's camp to warr,
Abhorring mean penurious ends
That brave exploits do marr .
If, when travers'd by all such fates,
Honour and Vertue be
Both proof against enchanting baits,
And frowning destiny ,
A soul may have a sure solace,
When stormed on every side,
And look proud tyrants in the face
With scorn to be dismay'd .”' & c.
Upon the whole, though William
Cleland, compared with the great
English poets of the preceding age ,
with Dryden , -or even with his more
direct prototype, the author of Hudi
bras,-sinks into a rude and unskilfu )
versifier ; yet his poetical talents were
unquestionably superior to any that
the Tory party could then oppose to
them ; and if his genius be estimated
(as it ought to be) rather from wbat it
promised than performed ,-and with
due consideration of the lamentable
state of poetry at that time in Scot
land, and of all the peculiar disadvana
tages under which Cleland wrote ,-the
reader, we think, will be inclined to
assign him a very honourable niche in
our national Temple of Fame, not
wise as a Scottish Poet.
IT
THE EXACT NARRATIVE OF THE CON
FLICT AT DUNKELD, BETWIXT THE
EARL OF ANGUS'S REGIMENT AND
THE REBELS .
Collected from several Officers of that Regi.
ment, who were Actors in, or Eyc -wita
nesses to , all that's here Narrated , in re- ,
ference to these Actions.
The said regiment being then betwixt
seven and eight hundred men , arrived at
Dunkeld Saturndays night, the 17 of Au
gust, 1689, under the command of Lieuten
ant-Collonel William Cleland , a brave and
singularly well accomplished gentleman ,
within 28 years of age. Immediately they
found themselves obliged to lie at theirarms,
as being in the midst of their enemies.
Sunday at nine in the morning , they began
some retrenchments within the Marquess of
Athol's yard - dykes ; the old breaches where
of they made up with loose stones , and
scaffolded the dykes about In the after .
1817.) Some Account of Colonel Cleland. 613
noon , about three hundred men appeard again beat. About that time the Lieutenant
upon the hills on the north side of the town, Collonel came up , and ordered Captain
who sent one with a white cloth upon the Mopro to send a serjeant with six men to a
top of a halbert, with an open unsubscribed house on the side of a wood , where he espyed
paper, in the fashion of a letter, directed to some of the enemies ; upon the serjeant's
the commanding officer, wherein was writ. approach to the place, about twenty of the
ten , Wethe gentlemen assembled, being in- rebels appeared against him , but he was
formed that ye intend to burn the town, de quickly seconded by the captain , who beat
sire to know whether ye come for peace or them over the hill, and cleared the ground
war, and do certiſe you , that if yc burn any of as many as appeared without the woods
one house, we will destroy you. and upon a command sent to him , brought
The Lieutenant -Collonel returned answer off his men in order. Thereafter all the
in writ, to this purpose, We are faithful horse, fout, and dragoons, retired to the
subjects to King William and Queen Mary, town ; and that night the horse and dra.
and onemies to their enemies ; and if you goons marched to Perth, the Lord Cardross,
send those threats, shall make any hostile who commanded them , having received two :
appearance, we will burn all that belongs to peremptory orders for that effect. The se
you , and otherwise chastise you as you de- cond was sent to him upon his answer to the
serve . But in the mean time he caused so. first ; by which answer he told they were
lemnly proclaim , in the mercat-place , his engaged with the enemy, and it was neces
majesty's indemnity, in the hearing of him sary he should stay.
who brought the foresaid paper. In that action three of Captain Monro's
Munday morning two troops of horse, party were wounded , one of which died of
and three of dragoons, arrived at Dunkeld, his wounds. William Sandilands, a cadecor
under the command of theLord Cardross, nephew to the Lord Torphichen, and a
who viewed the fields all round, and took very young youth, being of that party, disa 7'.
six prisoners, but saw no body of men, they charged his fusie upon the enemy eleyen *
being retired to the woods. times. The prisoners taken the next day, is
Munday night they had intelligence of a told that the rebels lost about thirty men in
great gathering by the Fiery Cross ; and that action .
Tuesday morning many people appeared After thehorse and dragoons were march .
upon the tops of the hills, and they were ed , some of the officers and souldiers of the
said to be in the woods and hills about Dun- Earl of Angus's regiment proposed, that
keld more than 1000 men. About eight of they might also march, seeing they were in
the clock , the horse , foot, and dragoons, an open useless place, ill provided of all !
made ready to march out, but a detach'd things, and in the midst of enemies, grow .
party was sentbefore of fourty fusiliers, and ing still to greater numbers (the vanguard
fifteen halbertiers, under the command of of Canons army having appeared before
Captain George Munro , and thirty horse they came off the field ). The brave Lieutes
with Sir James Agnew, and twenty dra . nant-Collonel, and the rest of the gentlemena
goons with the Lord Cardross his own cornet; officers amongst them , used all arguments
after them followed Ensign Lockhart with of honour to persuade them to keep their :
thirty halbertiers ; the halberts were excel- post. And for their encouragement,and to
lent weapons against the Highlanders swords assure them they would never leave them ; 1,
and targets, in case they should rush upon they ordered todraw out all their horses , to ir eyes >
the shot with their accustomed fury. They be shot dead. The souldiers then told them ,
marched also at a competent distance before they needed not that pledge for their hon
the body ; one hundred fusiliers more un- our, which they never doubted. And seeing
der the command of Captain John Campbel they found their stay necessar, they would
and Captain Robert Hume, two brave young run all hazards with them .
gentlemen ; and upon the first fire with the Wednesday , with the mornings light, the
enemy, Captain Borthwick, Captain Haries, rebels appeared, standing in order, covering
with 200 musquetiers and pikes, were like all the hills about (for Canons army joyned
wise commanded to advance towards them . the Athole men in the night before, and ;
The Lieutenant- Collonel having proposed by they were repute in all above 5000 men). ,
that method to get advantage of the enemy Their baggage marched alongst the hills to
in their way of loose and furious fighting. wards the west , and the way that leads
The body followed, having left only an into Athole, consisting of a train of many
hundred and fifty foot within the dykes. more than 1000 horses . Before seven in
The first detached party , after they had the morning, their cannon advanced down
marched about two miles, found before them , to the face of a little hill , closs upon the
in a glen , betwixt two and three hundred town, and 100 men , all armed with baek,
of the rebels, who fired at a great distance, breast, and head-piece, marched straight to
and shot Cornet Livingston in the leg. enter the town, and a battalion of other foot
The horse retired , and Captain Monro took closs with them . Two troops of horse
up their ground, and advanced , fireing upon marched about the town , and posted on the
the rebels to so good purpose, that they be- south -west part of it,betwixt the foord ofthe 2
gan to reel and break, but rallied on the river and the church ; and other two troops
face of the next hill, from whence they were posted in the north -east side of the town ,
 614 Some Account of Colonel Cleland. [Seri
near the Cross, who in the time of the con- The Lieutenant-Collonel being dead, ari
Alict shewed much eagerness to encourage the major disabled about an hour after the
and push on the foot. action began (which was before seven in the
The Lieutenant- Collonel had before pos- morning), the command fell to Captai:
sest some outposts with small parties, to Monro, who left his own post to Lieutenar
whom he pointed out every step for their Stuart of Livingstoun . And finding the
retreat. Captain William Hay and Ensign souldiers galled in several places by th:
Lockhart were posted on a little hill, and enemies shot from the houses, he sent ou
the ensign was ordered with 28 men to ad- small parties of pike-men with burningfag.
vance to a stone-dyke at the foot of it ; they gots upon the points of their pikes, who fr.
were attack'd by the rebels, who were in ed the houses ; and where they found ker
armour, and the foresaid other battalion. in the doors, lock't them and burnt all with.
And after they had entertained them briskly in, which raised a hideous noise from the
with their fire, for a pretty space, the rebels wretches in the fire. There were sixtee
forc'd the dyke, and oblig'd them to retire, of them burnt in one house, and the wheł
firing from one little dyke to another, and houses were burnt down except three, where
at length to betakethemselves to the house in some of the regiment were advantageon
and yard -dykes. In which retreat Captain ly posted. But all the inhabitants of the
Hay had his leg broken , and the whole town, who were not with the enemy or th.
party came off without any more hurt. to the fields, were received by the souldies
A lieutenant was posted at the east end of into the church, and sheltered there.
the town with 18 men, who had three ad . Notwithstanding all the gallant resistanci
vanced sentinels ordered , upon the rebels which these furious rebels met with, the
close approach , to fire and retire, which ac- continued their assaults uncessantly, until
cordingly they did ; and the lieutenant, after past eleven of the clock , in all which tice
burningof some houses, brought in his party. there was continual thundering of shot from
Lieutenant Stuart was plac'd in a bari- both sides, with flames and smoak, and
cado at the Cross, with 20 men , who, see- hideous cries, filling the air. Andwhich
ing the other lieutenant retire, brought hiswas very remarkable, though the houses
men from that ground, and was killed in were burnt all round, yet the smoak
the retreat, there being a multitude of the them, and all the shotfrom both sides,was
rebels upon them . carryed everywhere outward from the dyks
Lieutenant Forrester and Ensign Camp- upon the assailants as if a wind had blowa
bell were at the west end of the town with every way from the center within.
in some little dykes, with 24 men, who fired At length , the rebels wearied with
sharply upon the enemies horse, until great many fruitless and expensive assaults, and
nu
bers of foot attack'd theirdykes ,and gence
findingno abatement of the courageordii
forc'd them to the church , where were two of their adversaries, who treated them
lieutenants and about one hundred men. with continual shot from all their posts,
All the out-posts being forc'd, the rebels they gave over, and fell back ,and run w
advanced most boldly upon the yard -dykes the hills in great confusion. Whereapor
all round, even upon those parts which stood they within beat their drums, andflourished
within less than fourty paces from the river, their colours, and hollowed afterthem, with
where theycrowdedin multitudes, without all expressions ofcontemptandprovocations,
regard to the shot liberally pour'd in their to return . Their commanders assay'd to
faces, and struck with their swords at the bring them back to a fresh assault, assome
souidiers upon the dyk, who with their pikes prisoners related ,but could notprevail;
andhalbertsreturnedtheir blows with in- for they answered them , they couldfight
terest. Othersin great numbers possestthe againstmen, butit wasnot fit to fight ang
town houses, out of which they fired within more against devils.
the dyks, as they did from the hills about; The rebels being quite gone, they within
dai.
and by two shots at once, one through the began to consider where their greatest
head, and another throughtheliver, the gerappearedin time ofthe conflict; and
brave Lieutenant-Collonel was killed while for rendering these places more secure,the
hewas visiting andexhorting theofficers broughtouttheseatsof
which they madepretty goothed church,with
defences, es
and souldiers at their several posts. He ata
temptedto get into the house, that the
souldiers might not be discouraged at the which were made up with loose stones, .. 88.
sight of his dead body, butfellbytheway. poor defence against such desperate
And immediately thereafter ,Major Hender. sail
on aiant
little y also
s. hillThewher cutenem
e the sometrening
dowyngall'd them
son received several wounds, which alto
gether disabled him, and whereof he died
fourdays after. Captain Caldwal was shot spen t, and
before, theirthey
which bulletssupplied
had beenspent lors
by the dili.
in the breast, and is not like to recover.
Captain Borthwick was shot through the gence of a goodnumber of men, whowere
arm going with succours to the church. imployed allthetimeof the action inche
And CaptainSteil got awound intheshoul- tinglead offthehouse,
same in little andground,
furrows in the meltingthe
and
der, which he caused pance, and returned cutting the pieces into slugs to serve for
again to his post.
1817.) Scottish Gypsies. 615

bullets. They agreed , that in case the ene- to bring the Article to a close in the
mygot over their dykes, they should retire succeeding Number, after bringing
to the house, and if they should findthem down more completely the account of
selves overpower'd there, to burn it, and the Kirk-Yetholm community to the
bury themselves
Inthis action in15 the
menashes.
werekilled , besides present time ; with the addition of
the officers named , and 30 wounded. such other anecdotes and observations
The account of the enemies loss is uncer as we had collected respecting their
tain, but they are said to be above 300 more general history ; and, perhaps,
slain, amongst whom were some persons of with some further remarks upon their
note , separate language and supposed oric
That handful of unexperienced men was gin. The attention required by more
wonderfully animated to a stedfast resist pressing subjects, however, has hither
ance against a multitude of obstinat furies.
to prevented
But they gave the glory to God, and praised and us from reverting
it is, unfortunately , onlytoinour
this ;
him , and sung psalms, after they had fitted power now to execute the least diffi .
themselves for a new assault.
Amongst many whoshewed extraordinary cult, if not the least important, part
courage, some young gentlemen cadees de- of our original plan -- namely, to pre
serve a special testimony and remembrance sent to the public the remainder ofthe
-as William Sandilands above named , miscellaneous anecdotes, with which
James Pringle of Hultrie, William Stirling we have been furnished from various
of Mallachen, James Johnstoun, a reform
ed lieutenent , and others.
sources, respecting this curious people.
Diverse officers besides those above speci. We
Records thesome
beginofwith extracts
Court from the,
of Justiciary
fied , vize another Captain John Campbel, andother judicial documents relating
Captain Harries, Lieutenent Henry Stuart, to trials of Gypsies.
Lieutenent Charles Dalyel, Licutenent Oli.
phant, Lieutenent Thomas Haddo, Ensign In May 1714, William Walker,
William Hamilton , and most of all the offi- Patrick Faa, Mabill Stirling, Mary
cers, behaved very worthily at their several Faa, Jean Ross, Elspeth Lindsay, Jo
posts throughout the whole action , and de- seph Wallace, John Phennick , Jean
serve well to be recorded asmen of worth Yorkstown , Mary Robertson, Janet
andvalour. And the whole souldiers did Wilson, and Janet Stewart, were in
every thing with such undaunted courage, dicted at Jedburgh, as guilty of wil
and so which
death s little concer
surroun ,nded
in allthem
the danger s andd ful fire raising, and of being notor
and stare ious
them in their faces, that they deserve to be Egyptians, thieves, vagabonds , sor
recommended as examples of valour to this ners, masterful beggars, and oppres
and after ages, and to have some marks of sors, at least holden in repute to be
honour fixt upon them. And it is expected such .
his Majesty will be graciously pleased to It appeared from the proof, that a
take notice both of officers and souldiers.
gang of gypsies had burnt the house
Upon the Saturday immediately after of Greenhead in Roxburgh . One wit
those actions, the young Laird of Bellachan
came in to Dunkeld to treat for the benefit ness swore, that
of his Majesties indemnitie for all those of “ The deponent being in a barn at Hair
Athole ; and he declared that Lord James stanes, on a morning, Janet Stewart,pannel,
Murraywas willingly to accept thereof. came into it, and prayed God's malison to
But Major General M.Kay (who by his light upon them who had put lier to that
gallant and wise conduct prevented the con- trouble ; and being asked who it was, she
junction of ill-affected people with the re- said it was Sir William Kerr of Greenhead,
bels , and baffled all their designs upon the
who had put her bairn in prison—and de
low countries) is now in the Highlands with pones, that the same night after Janet Stew
a brave army. And with the blessing of art uttered the words aforesaid , Sir William
God , will shortly give a good account of Kerr's house of Bridgend was burnt.”
them all, and put an end to the troubles of Another witness swears, that
this kingdom .
Edinburgh ,printed accordingto order, 1689. “ The night after Sir William Kerr's
house was burnt, about five o'clock , Patrick
Faa, pannel, looked over the prison window ,
and asked if it were true that Sir William
NOTICES CONCERNING THE SCOTTISH Kerr's house was burnt, and the deponent
GYPSIES . answering that it was but too true, Patrick
Faa said , that the rest of the justices of
( Concluded from page 161.) peace would have set him at liberty, but
Sir William would not consent ; and that,
When we printed the second section if he had been at liberty, it would not have
of our Gypsey Notices, we proposed happened, for he would have cleansed the
 616 Scottish Gypsies. [ Sept.
country of these Egyptians and vagabonds jargon the declarant did notwell understand,
that were going about." they fell a-squableing, when the declarant
The sentence upon Janet Stewart was in are other room with someother com .
was, that she should be scourged pany; upon the noise ofwhich, thedeclaradt
ran in to them, where he found the said
through Jeolburgh , and afterwards James Kairns lying above the said William
standa quarter ofan hour at the Cross, Baillie, whose nose the said James Kairns
with her left ear nailed to a post. had bitten with bis teeth till it bled ; upon
2

P. Faa, Mary Faa, Stirling, Lindsay, which the declarant and his wife threatened
Ross, Robertson, Phennick, and York- to raise the town upon them , and get a con
stown, were sentenced to be transport. stable to carrie them to prison ; but Kairps
ed to the Queen's American planta- and Pinkerton called for their horses, Wi.
tions for life. Patrick was, in addi. liam Baillie saying he would not go with
and .Pinkerton thatgottheir
Declares,had said Kairns
after the horses,
tion, sentenced to be whipped through them and
thetown ,and to stand half an hour at mounted,they ordered the declarant to bring
the crosswith his left ear nailed to a a chopen of ale to the door to them ,where
post, and then to have both his ears William Baillie was standing talking to
cutted off .' Phennick was banished them : that whenthe declarant had killed
furth of Scotland ;' and Walker, Wal- about the ale and left them, thinking the
lace, and the
Wilson, were going off, the declarant's wife went to
About samewere acquitted.
time, three men the door, where Kairns struck at her with a
and two women, all gypsies, were sen drawn sword, to fright her in ; upon which
she ran in ; and thereupon the declarant
tenced to be hanged atEdinburgh. went to the door, where he found the said
In a precognition, taken in March William Baillie lyingwith the wounds upon
1725, by Sir James Stewart of Colte him ,mentioned in John Meikle's declara
ness , and Captain Lockhart of Kirk- tion."
ton , two of his Majesty's Justices of “ Thomas Brownlee declares, that upon
# the Peace for Lanarkshire, “ anentthe the fourth of November last, being Sc
murther of William Baillie, brazier, Leonard's fair in Lanark, the said declar
commonly called Gypsie,” the follows ant, with several others, comeing from
Lanark fair towards Carlouk , at Cartland
ing evidence is adduced : on the high road , David Pinkerton and
“John Meikle, wright, declares, that James Kairns came riding straight upon
i upon the twelvth of November last, he be the declarant and his company, upon which
ing in the house of Thomas Riddle, in New, the declarant went off the way. They call.
30. arthill, with some others, the deceased ing to bold off the way : the declarant said,
D, William Baillie, James Kairns, and David The way is broad enough, hold off, folk :
si Pinkerton , were in ane other roume drink. upon which James Kairns turned back the
t's ing, where, after some high words, and a breadeth of one house, and then , haveing a
confused noise and squabble, the saids three drawen sword or shable in his hand ( with
persons above named went all out ; and the blood upon it), came straight upon the de
declarant knowing them to be three of those clarant and cutt him upon the head, to the
idle sorners that pass in the country under effusion of his blood, without any provoca.
the name of gypsies, in hopes they were tion. This was done about half ape hour
gonc off, rose and went to the door to take before sunset,” &c.
the air ; where, to his surprise, he saw Wil. “ John Lightbodie in Belstaintown, & c.
liam Baillie standing, and Kairns and Pin- declares, conform to the said Thomas Brown
kerton on horseback, with drawn swords in lie, with this variation , that James Kairos
their hands, who both rushed upon the said said - Know ye whom yow speak to ? James
William Baillie, and struck himwith their Kairns will not be quarreled upon the road,
swords ; whereupon the said William Baile - which he said,when none quarreled him
lie fell down, cryingout he was gone. Upon further than to say, Ride off,folk . "
which Kairns and Pinkerton rode off : that Another witness declares, vt
the declarant helped to carry the said Wil. “ That heinhad frequently seen Maxwell
liam Baillie into the house, where, upon and Kairns Bowridgemilne Kilne, with
search , he
wound, in washisfound a great cut,
havea wound
head,to and or several others in company with them com .
in his
body, justbelow the slotofhis breast; and monly called gypsies and sorners, who took
hens and peats at pleasure also declares,
declareslie , the said William Baillie, died that theyhad horses alongst withthem , and
some time after ." .
*** Thomas Riddle , tenant and change for the declarant was obliged to give them straw ,
fear they had drawn his stacks or done
keeper in Newarthill, & c.; declares, thatthe other mischief to him ," & c.
; deceased Williain Baillie, James Kairns, and
" David Pinkerton , all idle sorners, that are Another witness states,that the said
)
known in the country by the name ofgypsies, “ Maxwell, tinker, sorner, and Egyp
-came to the declarant's house about sun -set- tian ," with his gang, frequently took
ting, whicre, after some stay, and talking a possession,
ali without any leave
ni asked or
100
 1817.) Scottish Gypsies. 617

given, of his out-houses ; and that, had lately returned from abroad, and
" to prevent abuse in the country, he was thenroaming about the country.
allowed them to take his peats," &c. This document bears the date of March
It is mentioned by another person ex- 11 , 1725 .
amined , that the same gang, passing On referring to the Justiciary ree
by his house to Watstounhead kiln, cords, we find that in 1727, Robert
sent in some of their number to him, Johnstoun , sone to John Johnstoun,
asking for straw for their horses, gypsey, sturdy beggar, and vagabond,
1 " which he refused , until they said at that time prisoner in the tolbooth
they would draw his stacks ; upon of Jedburgh , was indicted at the in
which he gave them some bottles to stance of his Majesty's Advocate, and
prevent further danger." at the instance of Marjory Young,
John Ketter, in Murdiston Walk- relict of the deceased Alexander Fua,
miln, declared hecklemaker in home, for the mur.
“ That upon the said fourth of November der of the said Faa. In the evidence
last, as hewas coming from St Leonard's brought forward upon the trial, we
fair, David Pinkerton and James Kairns find the following curious account of
came riding up to the declarant, and said this savage transaction :
to him, Yield your purse ; but afterwards
they said it would do them little good , bea 66 John Henderson , feuar in Huntley .
cause he had said to them he had but a wood , depones, that time and place libelled,
crown. But Kairns' wife said the declarant Robert Johnston, pannel, and his father,
was a damned villain he had gold ; and came to Huntleywood and possessed them
ordered to take it from him ; but Kairns selves of a cot.house belonging to the de
said , if the declarant would go to Carlouk, ponent; and that a little after, Alex. Fall ,
and give them a pynt and a gill, they would the defunct, came up to the door of the said
pardon him . And accordingly they came house, anddesired they would make open
to Carlouk, to the house of James Walker the door : that the door was standing a -jarr,
there, where the declarant paied some ale ; and the deponent saw Robert Johnston,
and as he was goeing away , Pinkerton beat pannel,in the inside of the door, and a fork
him for notgiving them brandie.” in his hand , and saw him push over the
!
John Whytefoord, in Cartland, de- door-head at the said Alexander Fall, and
clared saw the grains of the fork strike Alexander
“ That he saw Maxwell's son ,called the Fall in the breast, and Alexander Fall come
Merchant, have a wallate, and as he thought, ing backfromthe door staggering, came
toa midding, and there he fell down and
immediately
some ware in it, which he valued attwenty died ; and depones , that the
pistoll farder, which
; and amongst
pound Scots, he saw
that he short
had aJames distance of the midding from the house
Whytefoord , constable , at the command of where he received the wound is about a
1 penny- stone cast ; and when Alexander Fall
off theJustice
Captain Lockhart,
nakedbaignet of Peace,
wall-head take a retyred from the house,he said to the rest,
of thehouse
**
wherein they were lodged ,which Maxwell Retyre for your lives, for Ihavegottmy
younger,the merchant, called his father's; death : Depones, he saw Robert Johnston ,
and that his father rolled the panswith it! pannel, come out of the cott-house withthe
and farder declares, that he saw them fork in his hand, and pass by Alexander
Fall and the deponent ; heard the pannell
boyling desh in poats while they were in say
the said house." , he had sticked the dog, and he would
stick the whelps too ; whereupon the pannell
After the examination of the fore run after the defunct's sone with the fork
going witnesses, and a number of other in hishand, into thehouse ofGeorgeCarter:
persons who had been cited by order Depones, in a little while after the pannel
of the Justices of the Peace for Lan- had gone into George Carter's house, the
arkshire, “ to compear before them to deponent saw him running down a balk and
give theirdeclarations, what they know aonmeadow ; and in two hours after, saw him
horseback rideing away without his
of these idle vagabonds, commonly
called gypsies,” a report follows from stockings or shoes,coat or cape."
it the said Court,enumerating the griev Another witness swears, that
ances suffered by the lieges from the - “ She heard Johnston say, “ Where are
oppressions and disorders of these au- the whelps, that I may kill them too ?”.
dacious vagrants, and ordering the laws that the prisoner followed Alexander Fall's
son into George Carter's house, and the
strictly enforced
to isbeparticularly
It against
mentioned in this re-. deponentwent thither after him , out of fear
them
should have done some harm to George
port,that a gypsey “ of the name of heCarter's wife or children ;there saw the
Johnstoún , who, about nine years by- pannel, with the said fork, search beneath
past, was guilty of a most horrid mur. a bed for Alexander Fall's sone, who had
der," but had escaped from justice, hiden himself beyond the cradle ; and then
VOL. I. 4 K
618 Scottish Gypsies. ( Sept.
therebeing a cry given that Alexander Fall Faa, alias Falla, alias Williamson,
was dead,the pannel went away.” William Miller, Christian Stewart,
Johnston was sentenced to be hang- Margaret Young, and Elizabeth alias
ed on 13th June 1727, but he escaped Elspeth Anderson, were indicted at
from prison. He was afterwards re- Jedburgh for the crimes of theft, and
taken ; and in August 1728, the High as habit and repute vagabonds or va
Court of Justiciary at Edinburgh or- grant persons, sturdy beggars, sorners,
dered his sentence to be put in execu- and gypsies. They all received sen
tion. tence of death, except Miller, who was
Upon comparing these statements transported for life.*
with the traditionary account of the
murder of Geordie Faa by Rob John- A correspondent, who has very ob
stone, given in our Second Number, ligingly furnished us with several cu .
page 161, the latter appears to be in- rious communications on the present
accurate in several points, and parti- subject, mentions, that in the combat
cularlyin mentioning Jean Gordon as at Lowrie's Den, described by Mr
the wife of themurdered Faa. John- Hogg in a former Number, the wife
ston, it would seem , had contrived of one of the parties assisted her hus
to elude the pursuit of justice for band byholding down his opponent
more than ten years, and after being till he despatched him by repeated
taken and condemned , had again es- stabs with a small knife. This virago,
caped from prison. If the story of thinking the murdererwas not making
Jean Gordon's having pursued a mure quick enough work, called out to him ,
derer beyond seas, and traced him « Strike laigh ! Strike laigh ?”
from one country to another till he The same correspondent has lately
was finally secured , be at all connect- sent us the following anecdote of Billy
ed with the case of Johnston , she Marshall, derived , as he informs us,
may perhaps have been the mother from 'BlackMatthew Marshall,'grand
of Sandie Faa, the person murdered. son of the said chieftain : " Marshall's
Her husband rather seems to have gang had long held possession of a large
been Patrick Faa, mentioned at page cove or cavern in the high groundsof
615. But as these bloody transactions Cairnmuir, in Galloway, where they
appear to have been very frequent a- usually deposited their plunder, and
mong this savage race in former times, sometimes resided, seeure from the
it is not improbable that two stories officers of the law , as no one durst
may have been blended together in the venture to molest the tribe in that
popular tradition. retired subterraneous situation . It
A few years after this, our heroine, happened that two Highland pipers,
Jean, appears to have been reduced to strangers to the country, were travel
rather distressed circumstances ; for in ling that way ; and falling in by chance
May 1732, we find that a petition was with this cove, they entered it, to
presented to the Circuit Court at Jed
burgh, by Jean Gordon, commonly * While printing this sheet, thefollowing
called the Dutchess, then prisoner in notices have been transmitted to us from
the tolboothof Edinburgh ; in which England :
she states, that she is now become * Simson, Arington , Fetherstone, Ren
an old and infirm woman, having been wicke, and Lanckaster,were hanged, being
long in prison. She concludes with Egyptians." - 8Aug. 1592.
requesting to be allowed “ to take vo- St Nicholas Par. Register, Durham .
luntar' banishment upon herself, to de “ Francis Heron , king of ye Faws, bu
ried 13 Jan. 1756."
pairt from Scotland never to return Jarrow Register, Co. Durham .
thereto ." - We have little doubt that A late communication from another gen
The. Dutchess is no other than our tleman in the North of England, enables us
old acquaintance, though we were not to correct a slight inaccuracy in our: First
formerly acquainted with her title. It Number, respecting the death of Jamie
was probably during one of these pe- Allan, the famousNorthumbrian piper, who
riods of voluntar' banishment,' that it appears did not die, as we supposed , in
poor Jean encountered the Goodman Morpeth jail ; but after being condemned at
of Lochside on the south side of the the Durham assizes, in August 1803, for
Border. horse- stealing, was reprieved , and received
his Majesty's pardon in 1804 ; and on the
About a twelvemonth before the 28thAugust 1806 died , and wasburied in
date of Jean Gordon's petition, we find the parish church of St Nicholas,in the city
that John Faa, William Faa, John of Durham .” vi:
 1817. ] Scottish Gypsies. 619
shelter themselves from the weather, shepherd's garden. Without leaving
and resolved to rest there during the him any time for speculation, how
night. They found pretty good quar- ever, the knight of the curtain bolted
ters, but observed some very suspicious forth upon him ,and seizing his horse
furniture in the cove, which indicated by the bridle, demanded his money.
the profession and character of its ab- Mr Leck, though it was now dusk, at
sent inhabitants . They had not re- once recognized the gruff voice and
mained long, till they were alarmed the great black burly head of his next
by the voices of a numerous band ad- door neighbour,Gleid -neckit Will, the
vancing to its entrance. The pipers gypsey chief. “ Dear me, William ,
expected nothing but death from the said the minister in his usual quiet
ruthless gypsies. One of them, how manner, can this bé you ? Ye're
ever , being a man of some presence of surely no serious wi' me ?-Ye wadna
mind, called to his neighbour instantly sae far wrang your character for a good
to fill his bags' (doing the samehim- neighbour for the bit trifle I hae to
self ), and to strike up a pibroch with gie , William ?” — “ Lord saif us, Mr
all his might and main . Both pipes Leck !” said Will, quitting the rein,
accordingly at once commenced a most and lifting his hat with great respect,
tremendous onset, the cove with all its “ whae wad hae thought o' meeting
echoespealing back the' Pibroch of yow out owre here-away ?-Ye needna
Donuil Dhu ' or such like. At this gripe for ony siller to me I wadna
very unexpected and terrific reception, touch a plack o' your gear , nor a hair
the yelling of thebagpipes, issuing o' your head , for a' the gowd o'Tivi
from the bowels of the earth , just at dale .--I kenye'll no do usan ill turn
the moment the gypsies entered the for this mistak - and I'll e’en see ye
cove -Billy Marshall, with all his safe through the eirie Staw -- it's no
band, precipitately fled in the greatest reckoned a very canny bit mair ways
consternation, and from that night nor ane; but I wat weelye'll no be
never again would go near their fa- feared for the dead, and I'lltak căre o’
vourite haunt, believing that the blast the living."-Will accordingly gave
they had heard proceeded from the his reverend friend a safe convoy
devil or some of his agents. The pipers through the haunted pass, and, note
next morning prosecuted their journey withstanding this ugly mistake, con
in safety, carrying withthemthe spo- tinued everafter an inoffensive and
lia optimaof theredoubted Billy and obliging neighbour to the minister
the clan Marshall.” who, on hispart, observed a prudent
The following anecdote of another and inviolable secrecy on thesubject
noted leader is communicated by an of this rencounter during the life-time
individual, who had frequently heard of Gleid -neckit Will.”
it related by the reverendperson chief- The following story contains per
ly concerned : haps nothing very remarkable in itself,
“ The late Mr Leck, minister of or characteristic of the gypséy race ;
Yetholm , happened to be riding home but it seems worthy of being inserted,
one evening from a visit over in Nor- from other considerations:-Tam Gor
thumberland, when , finding himself don, the late Captain of the Spittal
likely to be benighted, for the sake of a gypsies, and a very notorious and des
near cut, he struck into a wild solitary perate character, had been in the habit
track, or drove-road, across the fells, of stealing sheep from the flocks of Mr
by a place called the Staw . In one of Abram Logan , farmer at Lammerton ,
the derne places through which this in the east of Berwickshire. Numbers
path led him , there stood an old de- having successively disappeared, Mr
serted shepherd's house, which, of Logan and the shepherd sat up one
.
course, was reputed to be haunted. night to watch for the thief ; and
The minister, though little apt to be about midnight, Tam and his son-in
alarmed by such reports, was however law, Ananias Faa, coming for their
somewhat startled ,on observing, as he accustomed prey, the farmer and his
approached close to the cottage, a servant sprung up and seized them .
grim visage' staring out past a win , Abram Logan , a stout active man, had
dowclaith, or sort of curtain , which had grappled with the elder gypsey, while
been fastened up to supply the place the shepherd secured theother ;-the
ei of a door --and also several ' dusky ruffian instantly drew a large knife,
y figures? skulkingamong thebourtree used for killing sheep, and made re
bushes that had once sheltered the peated attempts to stab himn ; but
620 Scottish Gypsies. ( Sept.in
being closely grasped by the farmer, smoking as he walked ; and it is a
hewasunableto struck theweapon
home, anditonly thrust sentinel, you take,the
against his pointofetiquette thatpipeinpassinga
from your
ribs. With some difficulty the thieves mouth . But as my friend was about
were both secured. They were tried to comply withthis uniform custom ,
for the crime before the High Court of the sentinel said , to his no small sur
Justiciary in Edinburgh - convicted, prise, “ Rauchen sie , immer fort :
and condemned to be hanged -- but verdamt sey der Preussiche dienst":
afterwards, to the great surprise and “ Smokeaway, sir: d - n the Prussian
disappointment of their Berwickshire service .” My friend looked at him
neighbours,obtained apardon -- a piece with surprise, and the marked gypsey
of unmerited and ill-bestowed cle- features at once shewed who he was,
mency, for which it wasgenerally un- and why dissatisfied with the service ,
derstood they were indebted to the the duties of which he seemed to take
interest of a noble northern family of pleasure in neglecting.
their own name. We recollect hearing “ In Hungary the gypsies are very
a sort of ballad upon Tam’s exploits, numerous, and travel in great bands,
and his deliverance from thegallows like Arabs, gaily dressed in red and
through the intercession ofa celebrated green , and often well armed and
dutchess, but do not recollect any of mounted . A friend of mine met a
the words. Tam died only a few years troop of them last year in this gallant
ago ,at a very advanced age, guise, and was not a little astonished
The following observations respecte at their splendour. But their courage
ing the continental gypsies are come in actualbattle is always held in low
municated by a distinguished writer, esteem ., I'cannot refer to the book,
who, on a former occasion, enriched but I have somewhere read , that a
our Miscellany with much interesting pass or fort was defended by some of
and valuable information respecting them , during a whole night, with such
this wild and wayward race : bravery andskill, that the Austrians,
“ The gypsies every where pretend who were the assailants, supposed it
to skill in fortune-telling and sorcery ; to be held by regular troops, and were
but in Germany they are supposedto about to abandon their enterprise.
have some particular spells forstopping But when day dawned, and shewed
the progress of conflagration. I have the quality of the defenders, the attack
somewhere a German ballad on this was immediately renewed , and the
subject, which, if I find , I will trans- place carried with great ease ; as if the
late for you. Seven gypsies are un- courage of the gypsies had only lasted
justly doomed to death ; the town till their character was made known."
takes fire ; and the magistrates are Neither our limits nor our leisure
obliged to release them , that they may allow of farther observation : "nor is it
arrest the flames by their incantations. of much importance. We trust we
Our Scottish gypsies are more cele- have succeeded in giving our readers
brated for raising fire wilfully, than more information and livelier enter
for extinguishing it . This is their tainment by themode we have adopted ,
most frequent mode of vengeance when than we could have conveyed in any
offended ; and being a crime at once other shape on the same subject. No.
easily executed and difficult of detec- thing, indeed, like regularity in the
tion , the apprehension of it makes the arrangement of our materials has been
country people glad to keep on fair practicable; and they have been gene
terins with them , rally givento thepublic very much in
“ They are greatlyaverse to employ, the form and order in which we ob
ment of a regular kind, but, when tained them. Such a plan , no doubt,
forced to serve, make good soldiers. would require a summary to its con
On the Continent, I believe, they are clusion, w bind together theloose ma
received into no service but that of terials, and draw general deductions
Prussia, which,according to the rules from the crowd of unconnected facts
of Frederic, still enrolls bon gré mul and observations. This task, however,
gré, whatever can carry a musket. we must for the present leave to our
But they detest the occupation . A readers themselves; the subject is far
friend was passing a Prussian sentinel from being exhausted, but itmust ne
on his post at Paris last year. The cessarily, for the present, be brought
gentleman, as is usual abroad, was to a hasty close, d .
1817.) Documents relating to the History of Soottish Printing 621

* : ", ! 3,54 in on vin onoga

* ‫اره به‬
ANTIQUARIAN REPERTORY ": vyris !
ill - 1.11

Bt.
DOCUMENTS RELATING TO THE HIS. expert men to use the samyne,*- for ***
TORY OF SCOTTISH PRINTING . she imprenting within our Realme of the buil
bukis of our Lawis, actis of parlia “?'*:..
[ The following documents , relative to ment, croniclis, mess bukis, and porsi.-)!
the early bistory of printing in Scotland, tuus efter the use of our Realme, with 4 5 !
have been taken from the original records addicions and legendis ofScottis sanca 10
in the Register House, and have not so far tis, now gaderit to be ekit tharto, and 19:11
as we know , been previously given to the
public. One of them , however, (No I.) alutherisbukis that salbe sene necesari,
has been already printed as a note in one of sar, and to sel the sammyn for compea 'j's
the very learned and interestingofficial re- tent pricis, be our avis and discreo 13
ports ofthe present Deputy ClerkRegister, cioun, thair labouris and expens being
which we have accidentally met with . It is considerit ; And because we wnder 150
a grant under the privy seal, dated in the stand that this cannot be perfurnistrit
year 1507, soon after the first introduction without rycht greit cost labour and
of this invaluable art into Scotland, under expens, we have granted andpromittit fl1
the reign of King James IV ., conferring to thamethat thai sall nocht be hurt if
upon Walter Chepman and Andrew Millar
the exclusive privilege of printing books of nor prevenittharon be onyutheristo 1
law , acts of parliament, chronicles, mass tak copyis of ony bukis fürtht 'of out
books, and other works therein specified ; Realme, to ger imprent the samyne in i
with a penalty against any other persons utheris cuntreis, to be brocht and sauld
who should print the same in foreign coun- agane within our Realme, to cause the wo
tries, for the purpose of being brocht and said Walter and Androu ' tyne thair bag
sauld agane within our Realme, to cause gret labour and expens ; And als It is
the said Walter and Androa tynethairgret divisit
is and thocht expedient be us
labour and expens." - Not longafterwards, and our consall, that in tyme cuming ?
asappears fromhad
this privilege the subjoined paper,by(Noll.)
been invaded certain
mess bukis, manualis, 'mátyne bakis, . !
individuals , against whom a complaint is and portuus bukis, efter our awinx;
made to the Lords of Council, in the name scottis use, and with legendis of Scot fi
of Walter Chepman ; and his'exclusive right tis sanctis, as is now galerit and ekit 11,2
is accordingly again re -enforced by their de. be ane Reverend fader in god, and our
cision . traist consalour Williame bischope” of !
The only publications known to have abirdene and utheris, be usit generaly
issued from the press of Millar and Chep within al oar Realme alssone as the ...,
man , areromances
metrical andofballads,
a collection pamphlets, chiefly
in 1508 , of sammyn may be imprentit and pro 1-34?
which an imperfect copy is preserved in the vidit, and that no manet of sic bukis 42
Advocates' Library (and of which we under. of Salusbery use be brocht to be sauld
stand a reprint is now in a state of forward. within our Realme in tym cuming ; :
ness for publication ), and the Scottish Ser. and gif ony dois in the contrar, that " Y
vice Book, including the Legends of the thai sal tyne the sammyne ; Quliarfor
Scottish Saints, commonly called the Brea we charge straitlie and commandis
viaryof Aberdeen ,in1509, of which the yow al and sindrj our officiaris,liegis,
copies are exceedingly rare.) and subdittis , that nane of yow tak
No I.
• The head of Blackfriars' Wynd , High
JAMES, & c.--- To al and sindrj our Street , seems to have been the place fixed
officiaris liegis and subdittis quham it upon forcarrying on this printing establish
efferis, quhais knawlage thir our let- ment ; for there is preserved, in the Records
tres calcum , greting ; Wit ye that of Privy Seal, a " Licence to Walter Chep
forsamekill as our lovittis servitouris man , burges of Edinburgh, to haif staris to ,
Walter Chepman and Andro Millar wart the hie strete and calsay, with bak staris
burgessis of our burgh of Edinburgh, andturngres in the frerewynd, or ont
has, at our instance and request, for foregait, of sic breid and lenth ashe salli
ntis
think expedient for entre and asiame to
our plesour, the honour and proffit of his land and tenement, and to fit the pend
our liealme and liegis, takin on thame of the saidfrerewynd for making of neid .
to furnis and bring hameane prent, full asiamentesin the samyn ," & c. Feb. 5 ,
with all stuf belangand tharto , and 1510.
 622 Documents relating to the History of Scottish Printing . [ Sept.
apon hand to do ony thing incontrar nor sell within this Realme, ony of
this our promitt, devise, and ordinance, the bukis abonewrittin of the said use
in tyme cuming, under the pane of of salusbery, in tyme to cum , under
escheting of thebukis, and punising the said pain, according to the said
of thair persons bringaristharof within lettres under our souerane lordis priue
our Realme, in contrar this our statut, sele direct thairuppon ; And as to the
with al vigour as efferis. Geven un- bukis that ar ellis brocht hame be the
der our prive Sel at Edinburgh, the saidis merchandis and uther persons,
xv day of September , and ofour Regne that thai bring nain to the merket,
the xxti yer . nor sell nain within this Realme, bot
( Registrum Sec. Sig . iii. 129.) that thai have the samyn furthof this
Realme, and sell thaim ; And thatthe
saidist provest baillies, and officiaris
forsaidis, serche and seik quhar ony of
No II. the saidis manuale, bukis, mesbukis,
JAN. 14, 1509. matinbukis, and portuiss, of the said
use beis brocht haim in tyme tocum ,
Avent the complaint maid be Wal- or sauld of thaim that ar ellis brocht
ter Chepman , that quhar he, at the hame, and eschete the samyn to our
desyre of our soverane lord , furnist soveraine lordis use: And als, that na
and brocht hame ane prentand prent- persons tak copijsof the buikis abon
aris, for prenting of croniclis, missalis, writtin and donatis, and . or
portuuss, and utheris buikis within uther buikis that the said Walter hes
this realme, and to seclude salisberyis prentit ellis for till baf thaim to uther
use ; And to that effect thair wes let. Realmes to ger thaim be prentit,
tres under our said soverane lordis brocht haim , or sauld , within this
priue sele direct, till command and Realme In tyme tocum , under the
chargeoure soverane lordis liegis, that pain of escheting of the samin ; And
nain of thaim suld Inbring or sell ony quha dois in the contrair, that the
bukis of the said use of salusbery, un- said pain be put to executioun on
der the pane of eschetingof the samyn; thaim , And that lettres bedirect her
Neuirtheless, Wilyam Frost, Francis apon , in dew forme, as said Is.
Frost, William Sym , Andro Ross, and ( Acta Dom . Conc. xxi. 70.)
diuers utheris, merchandis within the
burgh of Edinburgh, hes brocht haim,
and sellis daly, diuers bukis of the ( The following is the Copy of anAuthor's
said use, sik asmess bukis, mannualis, Privilege, granted by theLordsof Council,
portuiss, matinbukis, and diuers uther which seems worthy of preservation on ac
bukis, in the dissobeing of the said count of the very curious work to which it
command and lettres, lik as at mar relates.]
lentht is contenit in the said com
plaint: The saidis Walter , William , Apud Edinburgum , vigessimo sexto die
ffebruarij 1685.
Francis, William , and Andro, being
personaly present, And thair Richtis The lords of his Majestie's privy
ressons and allegacions herd sene and councill, Haveing considered ane ad
understand , and thairwith being Riply dress made to them by Master George
avisit, The Lordis ofCounsale forsaidis Sinclar, late professor of philosophie at
commandit and chargit the saidis the Colledge of Glasgow , And Author
William Frost, Francis Frost, William of the book Intitulled Satan's Invisible
Sym , and Andro Ros, personaly, that Works Discovered , & c. Doe heirby
nain of them , in tyme to cum , bring prohibit and discharge all persons
hame; nor sell within this Realme, whatsomever from printing, reprint
ony missale bukis, mannualis, por ing, or importing into this kingdome,
tuiss, or matinbukis, of the saiduse of any copy or copies of the said book,
salusbery , under the payn of escheting dureing the space of eleven yearis af
ofthe samyn ; And that lettres be ter the date heirof, without licence of
writtin in dew forme to the provest and the Author or his Order, Under the
balyies of Edr. and to officeris of the pain of confiscation thereof to the said
kingis Sheriffes in that pairt, tocom- author, Besydes what fürder punish
mand and charge be oppin proclama- ment we shall think fitt to inflict upon
1 tion, all utheris merchandis and per- the contraveeners. 81') it

sons, that nain of thaim bring haim , (Regist. Sec. Sig:)

1817. ) Original Poetry. 623

ORIGINAL POETRY .

LINES ON THE DEATH OF A YOUNG Than that it weeps hath suffered ! yet it
LADY . springs,
Fervent and firm in faith , to Him whose
NR EDITOR, love,
Thefollowing Lines, writtenon occasion Brightest when clouds and darknese gather
of the early death of an inhabitant of your round ,
city , may perhaps catch the eye of some Calls, in his own appointed time, the puri.
one among the many who have known and fied
admired her. If they do, and it should To Him , the only Pure, whose wisdom
communicate any comfort to see that where leads
once she has been known she is remember. Each in his several way through this dim
ed , it will afford much satisfaction to world ,
THE AUTHOR. Snaps the frail thread oflifeat once forsome,
To others sends a long and tangled train
Then thou art gone the sad death -bell Of many sorrows- yet to all gives light
hath toll'd To lead the spirit on throughtoil and tears,
And in the dull grave,lovely as thou wert, To Peace, and Purity , and Heavenly Joy !
The friends who lov'd have laid thee Nk, June 1817.
Peace be theirs ! *****
For they have lost indeed a gem , whose rays,
Though blest by others, shone entire for STANZAS
them !
Yes ! Peace be theirs ! -- that sweet and sa On the Custom in Switzerland, & c. of planta
cred Peace , ing Flowers on the Graves of departed
Friends.
Which o'er the waves of grief, like holyoil,
Spreads, smoothing every stormy billow ( The thought taken from DELILLE'S
down .
They best can tell, who mourn thee most, L'Homme de Champs )
the tale To 'scape from chill Misfortune's gloom ,
Of what thou wert.There , where in secret From helplessage and joyless years ; ;
shone To sleep where flowerets round us bloom ;
The playful smile which strangers might Can such a fate deserve our tears ?
admire ,
The voice ofharmony, the eye of fire Since in the tomb our cares, our woes,
That kindling eye which none might e'er In dark oblivion buried lie ,
forget Why paint that scene of calm repose .CH
Oh ! least of all, they who have seen it In figures painful to the eye ? simt
CLOSE !
Not such our pangs- yet we have known The wiser Greeks, with chaste design ,
thee too , Pourtrayed a Nymph in airy flight ;
Distant, and almost as the dead, yet dear Who, hovering o'er the marble shrine,
And not to be forgotten ; --we have seen Reversed a flambeau's trembling light.
Thine, early promise,-- saw thee ere the
world To die !-what is in Death to fear ?
Had known what flow'r was op'ning to the " Twill decomposemy lifeless frame !
sun , A power unseen still watches near,
Alas ! howsoon to wither ! Well we knew , To light it with a purer flame.
And oft have said , when thou wert borne .

" away And when anew that flameshall burn ,

Perhaps the dust that lies enshrined
Back to thy native Scotia, that there dwelt
A soul of beauty in that gentle form , May rise a woodbine o'er my uin ,
Whose light, ere long, should burst upon With verdant tendrils round it twined !
the day.
Ah ! little thought we that so dark a night How would the gentle bosom beat,
So soon must hide its beams of brightness That sighs at Heath's resistless power,
from us ! A faithful friend again to meet,
Fresh blooming in a fragrant flower !
Fare thee well !
Perhaps the heart that now at distance It sure wouldthrill the Lover's heart,
mourns Whenknoeling on his Fair One's grave
Thy perished worth , hath keener pangs in To feel the Lily's breath impart
store The ' raptured kiss his Myra gaye.
694 Original Poetry. ( Sept.
Thelove that in my bosomglows , Upon his bosom and his prayer was heard ;
Will live when I shall long be dead , Forfrom some mountain cliff atlength arose
And haply tinge some buddingRose The sound of running waters :-what a

That blushes o'er my grassy bed ! bound

Was then in every heart, and what a cry
O thou who hast so long been dear, Of joy , as from its parent source, clothed
When I shall cease to smile on thee, round
I know that thou wilt linger here, In lovely green , the clear, cold rivulet
With pensive soul to sigh for me. An Angel's
Gushed sparkling in the sun !-An
voice
Yes, Laura, come; and with thee bring, Could not have sweeter been . Then down
To sooth my shade, young flowerets fair ; they sat
Give them around mygrave to spring, And doft their helms, and bathed their
And watch them with a Lover's care : burning brows ;
And from their heavy armour cleared away
Thy gentle hand will sweets bestow , The sharp , dry desert sand ; then pitched
Transcending Eden's boasted bloom ; the tents
Each flower with brighter tints will glow , And spread their frugal fare - No sounds
When Love and Beauty seek my tomb. were heard
But those of mirth ; here on the grassy turf
And when the rose -bud's virgin breath The careless warriors lay, and oft between
With fragrance fills the morning air, Rose the sweet song of their own native
Imagine me released from Death , land
And all my soul reviving there. Even sweeter becauseheard in foreign clime ;
For nought like music has the magic power
Inhale the dewy sweets at morn , To bring the shades of long forgotten joys
For they to thee shall transport give ; Back to the weeping memory ; softer grew
Thus Damon's Love, on odours borne, The soldier's heart ,and Piety and Love
Still in his Laura's breast shall live. Led all their thoughts to home ; then silence
sunk
Upon the camp, and every warrior breath'd
His evening orisons, and slept in peace.
PASSAGE THROUGH THE DESERT.
Ere yet the sun had with his earliest beam
A Fragment. Purpledthe east , the Christian army rose,
Renewed in strength and hope; deep gra
THROUGH barren and deserted wastes, titude
through sands Beamedcame
in each countenance as the leaders
Checkered byno soft resting spot ofgreen ;
Beneath a burningheaven, the Christian host, Forth from their tents, beneath the cool
Pursued their weary march ; it was that host, clear air,
When led by noble Godfrey , took the vow To fit their armour on ; each youthful 1
To free Jerusalem ; the Infidels, Squire
Already on Dolyleum's field , had bowed Smiled to his master, as he clasped the
Beneath their arms; God and their own helm
good swords Or fixt the spur, or backed the impatient
Had won the day, and on the Turkish steed , 1.977 . 3. A
towers And told how soon he hoped to gain renown
The blood - red banner of the Cross was seen And knighthood in the breach of Antiochi
Wavingheld
in triumph.Onward still they Thus marched
at last
they on in joy , and gained
For Antioch ;butin Lycaonia's sands The barren ridge of Amanus, which divides
Famine and Thirst proved sterner foes than With rocky girdle the Cilician waste .
war , From thefairfieldsof Syria,all behind ,
And Sickness, desert-bred , had thinned the Lay a drear desert, but before them spread,
ranks In rich expansion , that delightful vale
More than the Turkish sword ; each wcari. Through which Orontes rolled his sable
ed eye wave . .
"T

Sought for some stream ; -- for three days Hot !

burning suns ,
With merciless rays , had dried the pulse of
life. ELVERSHÖH , A FAIRY BALLAD.";
No speck wasin the sky,no little cloud
That promised rain no
, shadowy grove, ( From the German of Herder. Sliča
no green
For the tired eye to rest on . Onward still I Laid my head on the Fairy -hill,
The weary soldier march'd, and often raised With watching my eyes were weary,
His mailed hand to Heaven in silent prayer, When I wasaware of two maidens fait,
And pointed to the blessed Cross he bore Came tripping with smiles right cheery.
5
 1817. ) Original Poetry . 625

i The one she stroked my milk -white chin , VERSES TO THE MEMORY OF A VERY
In my ear one softly sings: PROMISING CHILD .
“ Rise up, rise up , thouYounker brave,
And trip in our moonlight rings ! Written after witnessing her last Moments.
rise up , thou Younker brave ,
Rise up , 1.
And trip in the moonlight ring , I CANNOT weep , yet I can feel
And my Maidens each one of thesilvery The pangs that rend a parent's breast ;
tone But ah ! what sighis or tears can heal
Shall their loveliest ditties sing.” Thy griefs, and wake the slumberer's rest ?
II .
And then began hersong to sing What art thou , spirit undefined ,
The loveliest of all the train That passest with Man's breath away !
And the streamlet's roar was heard no more , That givest him feeling, sense , and mind,
It own'd the magic strain. And leavest him cold , unconscious clay !
III.
The noisy streamitflowed no more, A moment gone 1 looked, and lo
But stands with feeling listening ; Sensation throbbed through all this frame ;
* The sporting fishes lave in the silvery wave , Those beamless eyes were raised in woe ;
And friend by foe is glistening. That bosom's motion went and came.
The fishes all in the silvery wave, IV.
** 11Now up, now down, are springing ; The next a nameless change was wrought,
The small birds are seen inthe coppice green Death nipt intwain Life's brittle thread ,
To sport their songs while singing. And in a twinkling , feeling, thought,
Sensation , motion -- all were fled !
“ Listen , O listen , thou Younker brave ! V.
1
If with us thou wilt gladly be, Those lips will never more repeat
We'll teach thee to chime the Runic rhyme, The welcome lesson conned with care ;
And write the Gramarye. Or breathe at even , in accents sweet,
“We'll teach thee how the savage bear To Heaven the well-remembered prayer !
With words and spells we charm ; VI.
And the dragons that hold the ruddy gold Those little hands will ne'er essay
Shall fly thy conquering arm . To ply the mimic task again ,
Well pleased , forgetting mirth and play
And here they danced , and there they A Mother's promisedgift to gain!
danced , VII.
And all love's lures are trying ; That heart is still no more to move :
But the Younker brave, as still as the grave, That cheek is wan - no more to bloom ,
Grasped his sword beside him lying. Or dimple in the smile of love,
“ Listen , O listen , thou Younker proud ! That speaks a parent's welcome home.
VIII.
" If vengeance
"Our still thy speech denying ,
shall wake, and nought shall And thou, with years and sufferings bowed ,
it slake Say, dost thou least this loss deplore ?
But thy blood this green turf dyeing ! " Ah ! though thy wailings are not loud ,
I fear thy secret grief is more.
And then_ happy, happy chance ! IX.
His song Chantieleer begun , Youth'sgriefs are loud, but are not long,
Else left were I still on the Fairy -hill But thine with life itself will last,
:29. With the Fairy Fair to won . And Age will feel each sorrow strong
And hence I warn each goodly youth , When all its morning joys are past."
X.
Who
That he strolls
lay him by not
yondown
streamlet
on thefair,
Elf-hill's ' Twas thine her infant mind to mould ,
crown ,
And leave the copy all thou art ;
And sure the wide world does not hold
Nor seek to slumber there. *
A warmer or a purer heart.
XI .
• The above extemporaneous" and very I cannot weep , yetI can feel
unfinished Translation is given , with the The pangs that rend a Parent's breast ;
view of comparing the character of the Ger . But ah ! what sorrowing can unseal
man Fairy legends with that of our own ; Those eyes, and wake the Slumberer's
and also on account of a "remarkable coin . rest ? J. M.DIARMID .
cidence in the effects of this Fairy's song ,
and thiose so beautifully described in Mo
Hogg's Witch of Fife, as produced by the • These lines appeared anonymously a
magic melody on the green Lomond. " The few weeks ago in a Scotch Weekly Paper ;
superiority of our countryman,in this parti. but we have discovered the Author, and be
cular, over Herder, is very striking . lieve he will not be displeased to see them
‫ ورزان‬:: !! ‫ه‬ ‫گرو في‬ 3. P. 1813. reprinted with his namein this Miscellany.
4 L
VOL . I.
 626 Review . - Poetical Epistles, &c. [Sept.
REVIEW OF NEW PUBLICATIONS.

Poetical Epistles and Specimens of whatever source it flows --whether

Translation . 12mo, Edinburgh, from the bright and conspicuous shrine
Constable & Co., 1813 . to which all eyes are turned , or from
the obscure and shaded fountain which
This elegant little volume is mani- flows but to cheer its own solitude.
festly the production of a man of eru- In an age when great poets exist,
dition,taste, sensibility, and genius. It there must likewise exist many minds
abounds with imagery ;-it is every ; of the true poetical character, but with
where animated with easy, natural, and humbler faculties and lower aspira
lively feeling ; --and it exbibits numer- tions. From their writings, much ,
ous examples of extreme felicity in perhaps, may be learned, which is not
language and versification, perfectly to be found in strains of higher mood,
decisive of the accomplished scholar. and which bears more directly on the
Its very faults and defects (and they business and duties of life. They
are both multifarious and glaring ), in- stand more nearly on a level with their
stead of offending, really impart to our readers ; their thoughts and sympa
minds a kind of confused pleasure, a thies are more kindred and congenial
rising, we conceive, from that kindlin with the ordinary thoughts and sym
ness and good-will towards the anony- pathies ofman ; their souls more close
mous Poet, which his happy, careless, ly inhabit, and more carefully traverse,
and indolent nature, irresistibly excites this our every-day world ; and the
--so that we come at last to look on sphere of their power is in the hal
his occasional weaknesses and vagaries lowed circle of domestic happiness.
as characteristic traits peculiar to him . Let no one, therefore, deceivehimself
self, and wliich endear him to us al- into a belief, that he does in his heart
most as much as his many high and
valuable qualities.
rationally love poetry, unless he is a
bove being chained by the fascination
We never read poems which so clear- of great names, and delighted to meet
ly bear the marks of having been writ- with imagery ,sentiment, and pathos,
ten purely for the gratification of the even in a small, obscure, and anony
author, without any intention, or even mous volume like this, which , evi
prospect, of publication. They contain dently written by a man of genius and
just such thoughts, feelings, and re- virtue, is given to the public from no
membrances, as are likely to arise in desire of fame, but from the wish to
the heart and mind of an amiable and impart to others the calm, unosten
enlightened man, when indulging poe- tatious, and enlightened happiness
tical reveries in his solitary study or which , during the composition of it,
evening-walk ; and thus, though they he himself must have enjoyed , in
are often vaguely, obscurely, and indé- thoughtful and philosophical retire
finitely, conceived and expressed, there ment.
is always about them a warmth, a sin- The volume consists partly of origi
cerity, and earnestness, which force us nal compositions, and partly of trans
to overlook every fault in composition, lations from Euripides, Anacreon, and
while the happier passages are dis- Tyrtæus ;—from Horace, from Dante,
tinguished by an ease, freedom , ele- from Petrarch, and from Klopstock.
gance and grace, truly delightful, and The original compositions are in the
not to be surpassed in the very best form of Poetical Epistles.
specimens of our opuscular poetry, The first of these Epistles seems to
Yet with all this merit, we believe have been written as far back as the
the volume has attracted little atten- year 1799, when it appears, from se
* tion. In the present day, unless a veral passages, the author was a mem
poet stand in the first class, he has but ber of the University of Oxford. The
little chance of being read at all ; and first part of it contains a description
the ignorant are now as fastidious as of a pedestrian tour through the High
the learned . But this is certain , that lands of Scotland, performed by the
every true lover of poetry will be hap- author, in company with the friend to
py. to listen to the sacred song, from whom the Epistle is addressed ;" a
1817. ] Review .--Poetical Epistles, &c. 627
transition is made, from a well-merit- Through cells once vocal to the monk
ed compliment to Mrs Grant, the ce and nun ,"
lebrated writer of the Letters from the O'er royal tombs in grass and weeds o'errun ,
Mountains, to the many persons of Through pillar'd aisles whose sculptur'd
cornice bore
learning and genius whom Scotland
has in modern times produced ; an at The fragment tales of legendary lore,
tempt is made to characterize their Our
Till lingering feet inimage
cross and holy musing silence
swam stray'd,
in shade.
peculiar endowments ; and the Epistle No sound the solemn stillness broke, except
concludes with some personal feelings The passing gale, or charnel vaults that wept;
and hopes, and fears, and aspirations, Or, from the ocean's dim -discover'd foam,
of the author, in a supposed colloquy The dash of oars thất bore the fisher home.”
between himself and the enlightened The Poet describes equally well the
friend with whom he holds his poeti- beautiful scenery of Balachuilish + the
cal correspondence. savage solitude of Glencoe -- the quiet
The principal merit of this poem is
serenity of Glenroy-and the dream
the very great skill with which the like and breathless slumber of Loch
character of epistolary composition Laggan . We quote the description
is preserved . Though abounding in of the lastscene, for the sake of the
description, the writer always bears in elegant tribute to the genius of a most
mind, that the person to whom he is excellent person , LB- } }
writing is as familiar with the objects
described as he himself is ; and, there- “ How deep thy still retreat, o Laggan
lake !
fore, he rather recalls the remem
Who
brance of them by short and vivid Whereyetthywill hide me in thy birchen brake ?
old moss -grown trees are rotting
touches than by any protracted and down
laborious delineation. It is an admir Across the path, as man were never known ;
able specimen of a poetical journal. Where thy clear waters sleep upon the shore ,
The following passage has, we As if they ne'er had felt the ruffling oar ;
think, very extraordinary merit — it is Where on thy woody promontory's height,
simple, clear, and descriptive. The evening vapours wreathe their folds of
light,
“ The waves were crimson'd by the setting While from their driving fleece the torrents,
sun , flashing,
Retiring Staffa met the ruddy rays, Down the rude rocks in long cascade are
And veil'd her columns in a rosy haze ; dashing !
Dark isles,around the skirts of ocean spread, O youwouldthink on that lone hill that none
Seem'd clouds that hover'd o'er its tossing Had e'er reclin'd , save the broad setting sun !
bed. Yet here the musing steps of genius roam
By craggy shores and cliffs of dusky hue, From neighbouring Paradise of love and
Scatter'd in open sea, our galley flew ; home :
Fearful ! had storms these rockymountains, That gifted Spirit whose descriptions, warm ,
beat, Paint Highland manners, every mountain
But now the laden waves scarce lick'd their charm ,
feet, By the green tomhans of this fairy wood ,
And each brown shadow on the waters cast , Nurses her glowing thought in solitude ! "
Frown'd smilingly upon us as we passed.
From rock to rock the galley smoothly slid , The second Epistle is addressed to
Now in wide sea, among the cliffs now hid ; the Poet's Wife, and contains remem
No round the skyey zone the red waves brances of, and reflections on , all the
leapt, most interesting feelings and incidents
Now in each narrow channel dark they slept. of his boyish and youthful days, in
At last lona burst into the scene, terspersed with grateful acknowledg
Reclin'd amid the ev'ning waves, serene,
The last beams faintingon her russet green.
Spread its pale smoke the breezeless air a
}
Her crescent village,o'er the harbourhung, many
ments of his present happiness, and
affecting
ment with expressions
hispeaceful content
lot. ofThat.man
long , is to be pitied , who can read this E.
While from her highest mound the ruin'd pistle without sincere admiration of
fane the writer's accomplishments, and af
With proud composure, ey'd the desertmain. fection for his amiable and simple cha
We gaind the bay, and trembling touch'd racter. What can be more touching
the land
than the following remembrance of his
On which ,from
of old,
Stretch'd thereligion's
skies,andmighty hand
half in clouds boyish happiness ?
conceal'd , " Free as the gales, and early as the dawn,
Stamp'd the broad signet of the law reveald . Forth did we ty along the level lawn,
 628 Review . PoeticalEpistles, Syco, [ Sept.
When sacred call the master sent away ,What if, amid therural tribe, unknowe,
And gave the happy summer-holiday ! From Wordsworth's eye some moral glory
Some, lightly sped where on the orchard shone,
steep
The shaken apples fell in pattering heap, Some beam thepoesy
That found of and goodofcombin'd
secretfoldings my mind?, " to
And lent their busy aid to gather in,
And fill'd their pouches too - a venial sin ! We shall finish our quotations from
Some, by the river -bank as gaily fared , this part of the volume, with a short,
And beld deep converse with the laughing vivid, and accurate, picture of one of
laird . the most beautiful scenes in the south
Some, to the glen with nut-hook in their of Scotland .
hands ;
Telling their tales the while, in merry bands, “ How laugh'd thine eyes, when from the
Drew thebrowncluster down with breaking Where sunk shade retiring Leader fell,
bushyindell,
crush ,
Or stain'd their lips with brambles from the Our wheelsslow wound us up the open
bush . height,
Some moreretir’d (and I might be of these) Whence Tweed's rich valley burst upon the
Lay on the wild bank , 'mid the hum of bees, sight.
Reading some legend old of Scottish fame, Below , the river roll'd in spreading pride,
The Bruce, the Douglas, and each warrior The lofty arch embrac'd itsauburn ride :
name ; Bright in the orient gleam the waters shone ,
Then homewards with the settingsun , to hear Here flowing free, there ridg’d with shelv
The solemn ev’ning duly clos'd with prayer ! Each side the banks
ing stone, with fields and trees
O why should pleasure youth's wild eye
allure were green ,
From Nature's guardian arms to scenes less High waving on the hills were harvests seen ;
pure ? The nodding sheaf mov'd heavily along ,
Whyshouldourmanhood be ambition'sslave, And jocund reaperssang their morningsong,
Orcreepthe drudgeof avarice tothe grave ? Calmslept the clouds on cloven Eildon laid ,
Why should the sun on man's unconscious And distant Melrosepeep'd from leafyshade."
gaze ,
The translations are , we think , more
Pour from the eastern hill his living rays ?
Or why hissofteningsplendour gild thewest, unequal than the original comp osi
Nor raise onewishthat such may beour rest? ţions, someof them being excessivel y
Ah! far at sea ,and wanderers from the shore, bad, and others most admirable. The
Natur still calls us, but
e we hear no more ? cause of this seems to have been an
Yet where herpensivelook reflection throws, occasional desire to indulge in fantas
Remember'd forms of beautyyield repose ; tic ingenuity of versification and ex
On them she pauses, and with filling eye, . pression, in which the worthy Transla .
Plans the blest refuge of futurity !
Thus to the scenes in which our childhood tor not unfrequently exhibits a most
past, portentous forgetfulness of common
Memory returns with love that still can last ; sense, and employs a sort of language
Wherever, since, our vagrantcoursehasbeen, to our ears wholly unintelligible.
Whatever troubled hours have come between , When not beset by these unlucky fits
Those simple beauties, which could first en- of ingenuity, he catches the spirit of
gage originalions,
the translat
Our hearts , still please through each suc- his ratherfelicity
withorgreat ; nsand
imitatio of
ceeding age ;
Nor are they yet 60 sunk in meaner care, Horace , are indisputably the most ele
Thatnature'simage quit its impress there !" gant and graceful of any in the Eng
translat
There is much feeling in the fol- lish ions e.of He
languag several
has proved, Odes
of the by his,
lowing passage ;
“ Can I forget the hallow'd hour I past “ how gracefully any short and classi
In Grasmere chapel, in the lonely waste, cal composition may be arranged in a
Driven by therainsthat patter'don the lake, form which at once insuresbrevity,
( Perhaps no holier cause) repose to take? and unites elegance with the most
The simple people to each separate hand varied andperfect melody of versifica
Divided , youths and maids in differentband ; tion .” What can be finer than the
Of the greatpowerof God,their pastor spoke ; air he has thrown over the 32 Odle of
Responsive from the hills loud thunders Book I. “ Possimus si quid ," &c.
broke,
From the black - smoking hills whose waver- " O lyre, if vacant in the leafy shade,
ing line We've us'dlythy minist ry inyetmany
Throughlead -bound panes was dimly seen Not speedi to die, come again&, strain ,
to shine. pervade :
I felt the voice of Man and Nature roll And let of
By him Latian songthychords
theLesbos first harmoniousmade,
The deep conviction on my bending soul ! The warrior bard, who, on tlie tented plain ,
 Review - PoeticalEpisttes, & c. 629
1617.7
Or thrown ashore dripping from the rough The translation from Tyrtæus
main , very dull, but the fault is in the ori.
Still pour'd the laywith thy all-powerfulaid
In praise of Bacchus and the heavenly Nine,
ginal. Tyrtæus, it is said, roused the
martial enthusiasm of the Spartans by
And made bright Venus and her boy his his poetry . If so, it is a proof that
theme,
And sang his black-eyed love with locks of the Spartans had no taste-- fornothing
jet ; can be heavier and more spiritless than
O shell, soft trembling in the hands divine his remains. The Poet- Laureate, Pye,
Of Phæbus, at the feasts of Jove supreme, translated some of those martial effu
Sweet nurse of care , favour thy suppliant sions with kindred lumpishness and
yet !” a few lines read to a volunteer com
We cannot refrain from quoting pany by their Colonel, set the soldiers.
another, perhaps still more beautiful. into a sound sleep on parade. Pol
“ Fount of Bandusia , crystalline,mostpure , whele rendered them still more som
Worthy wine-offerings, and the flower -wove niferous, for they overcame the wake
wreath ! fulness of the Cornish miners ; and ,
To -morrow , vow'd to thee, a kid beneath lastly, Professor Young of Glasgow
The knife shall bleed , whose swelling brows recited them in choice English totwo
mature
hundred sleeping tyros, in the Greek
Bud with their primal horns, and seem se class- room of that university. We
cure
Of future fight, and love already breathe had forgotten Mr Charles Elton , who
Wanton : Vain presage! for he soon in death himself fell fairly asleep during the
Shall stain thystreams with ruddy drops process of translation - and the present
impure. version seems to have been made be
Thy icy streams the dog stars burning hour tween a snore and a yawn, and is the
His scorched
Afflicts not; insides;
their cool the toil'drefresh
thy shades the
ox laves most powerful soporific in the whole
flocks.
materia poetica . We decline quoting
any part of it, lest our readers shoulă
Fame too is thine, if aught the poet's power be unable to peruse therest of this
Who singsthy dipping oaks, romantic caves,
And pratting rills light-leaping from their article.
rocks." The Translator,however, soon gets
In his translation of a Chorus in the upon better ground, and gives us about
Phenissæ of Enripides, he has endea- twenty select sonnets from Petrarch .
voured, and we think successfully, to We have compared his translations
trace a strong resemblance to a cele- with those of Mrs Dobson , Dr Nott,
brated and many anonymous writers, and
“ Grim passage in Shakspeare.
visag'd war, wherefore do blood and they far outshine' them all, both in fi
death delity and elegance. It is a most mis
Than merry meetings more thy temper erable mistake, to believe that Petrarch.
suit ? has no genuine sensibility. Is not his
Why labour still for the victorious wreath ? 24th Sonnet of Book II. most pathetic ?
Nor rather capering with nimble foot It is thus exquisitely rendered :
To the lascivious pleasing of a lute, “ The eyes, the arms, the hands, the feet,
Join wanton nymphs in their delightful the face ,
measures , Which made my thoughts and words so
Their brows with garlands bound ; like warm and wild ,
clustering fruit That I was almost from myself exil'd ,
While o'er thy front are shook its youthful And render'd strange to all the human race :
treasures ? The lucid locks that curl'd in golden grace,
Ah no ! these sportive tricks are not among the lightening beam that when my angel
thy pleasures. smilla
In dreadful march , and with alarum stern , Diffus'd o'er earth an Eden heavenly mild :
Thy mailed warriors thou dost love to What are they now ? Dust, lifeless dust,
alas !
<-5 lead ; ' !
And nowtheir bloody way the Argives learn And I live on ! a melancholy slave,
To Thebes :-Thou , mounted on thy Tost by thetempest in a shatter'd bark,
Reft ofthe lovelylight that cheer'd thewave ;
barbed steed , The flame of genius, too , extinct and dark .
Boundest before them o'er Ismenus' mead , Here let my rays of love conclusion have ; I
pour ,
Seizing their hung up adversaries
To where the fearful arms with frantic Mute be the lyre ; tears best my sorrows Yi
mark.”
speed
Unto the walls, and people every tower. One other quotation , and we must
Dark,dark the clouds above ourroyal house say good -bye to this accomplished
that lower !! * ! scholar and gentleman.
630 Review .- Poeticul Epistles, fc . [ Sept.
« O not to see the stars of heaven serene, these days, that because Sternhold and
Or ships calm gliding on the quiet sea , Hopkins, and Tate and Brady, were
Or light-arm'd knights on field careering eminently pious and devotional versi
free ,
wild deer sporting gay woody scene :
in fiers, therefore all that is to be said in
OOrnot tohear, long -look'd -for good hasbeen , poetry, on the subject of devotion, had
Or love's soft lays in skilful melody, been said by them, we should all see
Or songs of ladies fair as fair may be, the absurdity of such a declaration ;
By murmuring fountain on some pleasant and equally arbitrary and unjust, it
green : appears to us, is the assertion we have
O none of these can to my buried heart quoted. The doctrines of religion may
(Buried with her, who, while she liv'd , was be few and simple : the analogies, the
light
And gladness to my eyes,) ever impart combinations, the reflections, which
The least emotion of renew'd delight! they suggest to the mind of cultivated
To see her once again , would I could part man, are boundless as its powers of
From weary life,or would she ne'er had enjoyment. There are some indivi
met my sight !” duals, it is true, who regard the ima
We strenuously recommend this an gination as so dangerous a foe to true
onymous writerto followtheservice religion, that theywillnotallow her
ofthe Muses . : In descriptive poetry, anyplace
how ofteninmentheirsystems.
of taste appearObserving
among
and in that poetry which delights a
mongthe calm and peacefulaffections, the opponents
literal of religion that
enough tosuppose, , they
theseem
less
he is by nature qualified to excel
while, in translation he is, from the thetaste iscultivated, the more devo
fineness and delicacy of his tact (pro- tional we shall
draw the become.
line closer Hence sepa
and closer, they
vided he keep down his fantastic in- rating whatis beautiful from whatis
genuity) likely to surpass every com
petitor. true , and discarding every flower
which might have been bound round
the majestic front of Truth, without
any diminution of her dignity. It is
Sacred Songs. By Thomas Moore, perfectly true, that, in the reception
Esq. and Sir John Stevenson , of articles of belief , we should look to
Mus. Doc. J. Power, 34, Strand. no records less variable than those of
Price £ 1, 1s. divine revelation . Let our first prin
ciples be as simple as possible. Let not
“ CONTEMPLATIVE piety, or the in- the traditions of men, however pleasing
tercourse between God and the human to our own imaginations, be any thing
soul, cannot be poetical,” & c.- more to us than subjects of interesting
-“The essence of poetry is invention- speculation . Let all that we know
such invention as, by producing some- by nature of the Being that made us,
thing unexpected, surprises and de- bow down to that revealed delineation
lights. The topics of devotion are few , of his attributes with which the Scrip
and, being few, universally known : tures present us . But grant that our
but few as theyare, they can be made faith is fixed by these unerring stand
no more ; they can receive no grace ards, and where is the harm of resort
from novelty of sentiment, and very ing to those affecting associations of
little from novelty of expression ."* striking those strings within us, to
So says Dr Johnson. It is happy which we have recourse when we wish
for the world, that, in spite of the to awaken inferior recollections ; We
prognostics of literary prophets, there must give religion all the advantage
is something in the mind of man too we can . In the world she will have
buoyant to beborne down by any of enemies, and none more sturdy than
those impossibilities which havebeen those who, if they knew her as she is,
conjured up by a host of cool unima would hail her as the source of the
ginative critics. It is idle to tell us most noble conceptions. We will not
what cannot be done in the walks of sacrifice one iota of her simplicity for
imagination, or what is the point at the sake of dressing her up for the
which the poet's power of illustration acceptance of men of the world ; but
must stop. If any were to assert, in let her not be known to men of genius
as the foe of a chastened and pure
* Johnson's Lives of the poets, vol. i. imagination .
p. 275, 8vo edition. We regard the volume before us as
1917.] Review . - Harrington, a Tale ; and Ormond, a Tale. 631

something quite new in its kind. It regret that it is not in our power to
may perhaps soften down some " stub- make room for it, but that it is idle to
bornprejudices." Here is a poet, a suppose our pages can give celebrity to
man of unquestioned genius, bringing compositions such as this. Thereare
in bis first, and, we trust, sincere offer- some exquisite stanzas also, beginning,
ing at the shrine of devotion. Whether “ O thou who driest the mourner's tear,"
he has lost his fire, his tenderness, and which will probably be the most po
his originality, in exchanging the sub- pular in the collection, from their
jects on which he exercised them for touching delineation of feelings,which
others of far transcending excellence, we have all, or most of us, at one time
our readers must judge -more, how or other experienced. Our readers
ever, from a perusal of the collection may recollect a passage in “ The An
of “ Sacred Songs,” thanfrom the few tiquary,” in which Edie Ochiltree com
specimens we can give . Contempla pares the flowers that smell sweetest
tive piety,” says DrJohnson, “ cannot by moonlight to the good deeds of
be poetical.” ' In opposition to this men, and show fairest in adversity
doctrine, we cannot forbear citing the in the darkness of sin, and the decay
following song : of tribulation.” Somewhat similar is
1. the idea in the following stanza :
“ As down in the sunless retreats of the -" That, broken heart,
ocean
Which, like the plants that throw
Sweet Powers are springing no mortal Their fragrance from the wounded part,
may see ,
Breathes sweetness out of wo."
So deep in mybosom the prayer of devotion ,
Unheard by the world, rises silent to Thee. We must conclude here, however.
2. The temptation to transcribe is almost
“ As stillclouded
to the star of its worship, though irresistible, but wecollection it; and
must resistbefore
, we trust that the us
The needle points faithfully o'er the dim will be better known than we can make
sea , it by our extracts. The greatest defect
So, dark as I roam , in this wintry world of Mr Moore's style, and one which is
shrouded , least of all tolerable in devotional
The hope of my spirit turns trembling to
Thee ." poetry, is too much studied ornament.
His metaphors are generally correct,
This is very beautiful, but the fol- and always ingenious ; but they some
lowing pleases us better. times want that natural freshnesswhich
1. flows from immediate inspiration , and
“ The bird let loose in Eastern skies, * they not unfrequently approach to ab
When hastening fondly home, solute conceits. Like several others of
Ne'er stoops to Earth her wing, nor flies our most distinguished living poets,
Where idler wanderers roam ;
But high she shoots through air and light, he is also a gooddeal of a mannerist,
Above all low delay, and too much addicted to copy from
Where nothing earthly bounds her flight, himself. But these faults areless ap
Or shadow dims her way. parent in the present than in any of
2. Mr Moore's minor publications ; and
“ So grant me, God , from every stain we look forward with considerable in '
Of sinful passion free, terest to the progress and termination
Aloft, through virtue's purer air, of a work which has been so well be
To steer my course to Thee ! gun .
No sin to cloud, no lure to stay
My soul as home she springs,
Thy sunshine on her joyful way, Harrington, a Tale ; and Ormond, a
Thy freedom on her wings ! ” Tale ; in 3 vols. By Maria EDGE
There is avery beautiful and affect- WORTH , &c. London, Hunter, &c.
ing tribute to the memory of a young 1817 .
girl in the author's neighbourhood ,
who was carried off, a few weeks after (Concluded from page 522.)
her marriage, by a fever. We should
The scene of the second tale is laid
• The carrier pigeon, it is well known, chiefly in Ireland ; and it is, of course ,
flies at an elevated pitch, in order to sur. infinitely more interesting than her
mount every obstacle between her and the elaborate apology for the Jews. Miss
place for which she is destined,-MOORE. Edgeworthdelights in delineating Irish
632 Review.Harrington , a Tale ; and Ormond, a Tale. ( Sept.
manners, with which she is most tho- lantry: To go no farther than his legiti.
roughly acquainted, and which she mateloves, he had successively won three
appears to exhibit in all their varieties, wives, who had each in their cher) turn
with perfect truth of colouring. Tono been desperately enamoured. The first he
writer, indeed, are the Irish so much loved,and married imprudently for love,at
seventeen . The second he admired , and
indebted as to Miss Edgeworth, for re- married prudently for ambition at thirty.
presentingtheir national character in thethird he hated , but married from ne
its proper light. Their less judicious cessityfor money at forty-five. The first
patrons have generally repelled , in a wife, Miss Annaly, after ten years' mar .
storm of indignation, the obloquy tyrdom of the heart, sunk, childless
pointed against them ; and, wishing victim , itwas said, to loveand jealousy.
to exhibitonly the bright side of their The second wife, Lady 'Theodosia, struggled
character, have thrownbefore all their stoutly for power, backed by strong and
high connexions ; having moreover the ad .
faultsthe cloud of national partiality , vantage of being a mother, and mother of
and thus magnified them , tothe eyeof an only sop an heir,” & c.
prejudice, by the additional obscurity
through which they were viewed. Miss This son , named Marcus, had been
Edgeworth, on the contrary, always from childhood the companion of
appears to take it for granted that the Harry Ormond ; but their tempers
prejudices against her countrymen a- and dispositions were in every respect
rise entirely from their being imper- opposite. Ormond, though hasty and
fectly known ; and without claiming violent, was warm -hearted, frank, and
em any thing like perfection, unsuspecting. Marcus was selfish, de
seems, with an air of the most insinu- signing, insolent, and vindictive.
atingcandour, to present their virtues At the opening of the story , weare
andtheir vices alike undisguised. introduced to a party at Castle Her
Ormond, the hero of this tale, had mitage, ofwhich the principal person
lost his mother in his infancy, while ages were Lady Annaly andher daugh
his father was in India. Sir Ulick ter, relations of Sir Ulick's first wife,
O'Shane, Captain Ormond's early since whose death they had never till
friend, had taken the child from the now visited the baronet, with whose
nurseto whose care itwas left, and treatment of their relative they had eve
had brought up little Harry at Castle ery reason to bedispleased. Miss Anna
Hermitage with his own son, as his ly was a young lady of great beauty and
own son . “ He had been his darling, accomplishments ; and for these, and
literally his spoiled child : nor had still weightier reasons, Sir Ulick was
this fondness passed away with the anxious to effect a union between her
prattling playful graces of the child's and his son . One day, during this
first years ; it had grown with his reconciliation visit, Ormond and Mar
growth .” . Sir Ulick, however, though cus had been engaged to celebrate the
naturally kind, had long been a poli- birth -day of Mr Cornelius O'Shane,
tical schemer. He had shifted with who whimsically styled himself the
every change of ministry, and engaged King of the Black Islands " next to
in successive plans for his own aggran- Sir Ulick, the being upon earth to
disement, tillhis necessities became as whom Harry Ormond thought himself
great as his ambition - a passion to most obliged, and to whom he felt
which all his other feelings were kept himself most attached .” While the
in strict subordination. With all the party at Castle Hermitage were making
accommodatingversatility ofa courtier, preparations for dancing, and Sir Ulick
he possessed talents and accomplish- was anxiously waiting for the return
ments which, with more prudence and of his son tó lead off with Miss An
better principles, might have rendered naly, they were startled bya bloody
him eminentlyrespectable, and given figure tapping at the window , and
him unlimited influence in the political peremptorily demanding the keys of
management of the district in which the gate, which Lady O'Shane had
his property lay. In his earlier years caused to be locked. Miss Annaly sat
he had possessed , in a high degree, opposite the window at which this
the art of insinuating himself into the figure appeared. “ For Heaven's sake,
delićate female heart ; what's the matter ? ” cried Sir Ulick,
" And the fame of former conquests still on seeing Miss Annaly grow suddenly
operated in his favour, though he had long as pale as death , They rose, and,
sínce passed his splendid meridian of gal. accompanied by Lady O'Shane, and
6 1.1
 1817.1 Review . Harrington , a Tale ; and Ormond , a Tale. 633
her evil genius, Miss Black, followed tleman - Don't take on somand think of
a the direction which the apparition had young Mr Harry sitting up the night with
taken . Several personsapproached me?-Oh !if you'd go now and settle your
fromsome
a turn shrubbery, .carry self yonder on the other bed, sir - P'd bea
Ling on the
one in a hand-barrow ore great dale asier, andIdon't doubt but r'a
mond appeared from the midstof get a taste of sleep myself while now , wid
you standing over or forenent me, I can't
them , and in an agony of remorse ex- close an eye for thinking of you , Mr Hərry.'
claimed , " If he dies, I am a mur- Ormond immediately threw himself upon
derer.” The young men having drank the other bed, thathemight relieve Moriar
at Mr Cornelius O'Shane's more than ty from the sightof him . The good nature
was consistent with “ the sobriety of and generosity of this poor fellow increased
reason ;" were returning from the Ormond's keen sense of remorse. As to
Black Islands, and afraid of being sleeping , for himgan
everhisideasbe it wasimpossible ; when
to fall into thatsort of
late, were gallopping hard, when, at a confusion which precedes sleep, suddenly he
narrow part of the road, they were felt as if his heart was struck or twinged ,
stopped by some cars. Their impa- and he started with the recollection that
tience, and the tyrannical temper of some dreadful thing had happened , andwa
Marcus, led to a scuffle, which un- kened tothe sense of guilt and all its hor
happily terminated in Ormond's pistol rors. Moriarty, now lyingperfectlyquiet
going off accidentally, and lodging and motionless, and Ormond not hearing
ballin thebreast of Moriarty Carrolla, him hehad breathed
that breathe, he was struck with Athe
his last. colddread.
tre
one of the drivers.
mor came over Ormond,” & C.
*. After much opposition on the part
of Lady O'Shane, with whom Ormond The agitation of Miss Annaly, on
had never been a favourite, thewound - seeing Ormond in so frightful a situa
ed'man was allowedto remain forthe tion the preceding evening, had alarm
" night in the gardener's lodge.Or- ed the suspicions of Sir Ulick , who
mond never quittedhis bedside ; and determined to have Ormond sent froin
his horror and anxiety during that CastleHermitage; while he so mana
terrible night are verynaturally des- aged as to appear willing to retainhim
cribed . at the hazard of even separating from
* To hisalarmed and inexperienced eyes Lady O'Shane, and thus to induce the
the danger seemed even greater than itreal generousyouth to banish himself from
ly was, and several times he thought his the family to prevent such a catas
patient expiring when he was only faint trophe. In this exigency, Ormond
blood. The moments when
from loss of occupied naturally turned his thoughts to Cor
Ormond was inassisting himwere nelius OʻShane, who had always shewn
the least painful. " It was when he had no- him particular kindness. Hewrote to
thing left to do, when he had leisure to him a statement of all that had hapa
think,
the agony he was most miserable ; then pened, and received an invitation full
thatofsuspense,andthehorrorof
remorse,were felt,till feeling wasexhausted; ofcordiality, mingledwith some indiga
and hewould sit motionless and stupified nation at this sudden change in his
till he was wakened again from this sus- cousin's behaviour. His reception is
pension of thought and sensation by some verycharacteristicof the primitiveman
moan of the poor man , or some delirious ners and single -hearted generosity of
startings.” this eccentric monarch of the Black
From this racking state of fear and Islands.
self-condemnation he was somewhat “ Welcome, Prince, my adopted son ;
relieved by the sympathy of the welcome to Corny castle - palace, I would
wounded man himself. have said, only forthe constituted authorities
* Toward morning the wounded man of the post-office, that might take exceptions,
lay easier ; and, as Ormond was stooping and not be sending me my letters right. As
overhis bed to sce whether he was asleep, Iam neither bishop nor arch , I have, in their
Moriarty opened his eyes, and fixing them blind eyes or conceptions, no right -Lord
on Ormond , said , in broken sentences, but help them ! to a temporal palace. Be that
so as verydistinctly to be heard. Don't as it may , come you in with me, here into
ibe in such trouble about the likes of me the big room and see ! there's the bed in
I'll do very well, you'll see - and even sup- the corner for your first object, my boy
pose I wouldn't--not a friend I have shall your wounded chap And i'll yisit his
ever prosecute - I'll charge ' em not -- so be wound, and fix it and him the first thing
asy --- for you're a good heart and the pis- for ye, the minute he comes up." His Ma .
tol went off unknownst to you - I'm sure jesty pointed to a bed in the corner of a
was no malice - let that be your comfort- large apartment, whose beautiful painted
It might happen to any man, let alone gen . ceiling and cornice, and fine chimney-piece
Vol . I. 4 M
-634 Review . Harrington, a Tale ; and Ormond, a Tale. ( Sept.
with caryatides ofwhite marble, ill accorded however, to Prince Harry's happiness.
with the heaps of oats and com -- thethrash- He sometimes inquired from King
ingcloth and flail which lay on the floor.- Corny, with a certain degree ofanxie
stand,'saidKing Corny,. but,till'itisfin. ty , whitherhis daughter Dora had
ished Iuse it for a granaryora barn, when gone, andwhen she was likely to re
Sheto had
it would not be a barrack -room or hospital, of Ireland her gone
aunt'stobythethemother's
Continent
which last is most useful at present.'
King Corny was practically what side, Miss OʻFaley, to get the advan
the wise man of the Stoics was theo- tage of a dancing -master ; but that
retically, — " et sutor bonus opifex Ormond might cherish no feelingsto
solus, sic rex .” wards her which might give him pain
“He had with his own hands made a in future, Corny informed him , that
violin and arat-trap, and had made the best in consequence of a foolish vow which
coat, and the best pair of shoes, and the he had made, over a punch - bowl, ten
best pair of boots, and the best hat, and years before her birth , she was en
had knit the best pairof stockings, and had gaged to White Connal of Glynn.
made the best dunghill, in his dominions ; The portrait of Miss O'Faley is
and had made a quarterpanorama.
of a yard of fine painted in so lively colours, and , if a
lace, and had painted a little overwrought, is at leastso amus
In one respect, however, he differed ing a caricature, that we should be
essentially from the Stoics; against strongly tempted to present it to our
whose affected contempt of pain, we readers, did our limits permit. This
find him thus ingeniously reasoning, strange composition of oddities, half
when tortured with the gout. French , half Irish , soon arrived , for
* “ In the middle of the night our hero the first time, at the palace of the
was wakened by a loud bellowing. It was
only KingCorny in aparoxysm of the BlackIslands,with hercharge Dora,
gout Pray now ,' saidhe to Harry, who who had improved, under hercare,
stood beside his bed , now thatI'vea entirely to her satisfaction. Dora was
moment's ease, did you ever hear of the exceedingly pretty, though not regu
Stoics that the book -men talk of, and can larly handsome ; smart, lively , and ,
you tell mewhat good any one of them ever as the beaux in the neighbourhood
got by making it a point to make no noise, thought, remarkable elegant. In
when they'd be punished or racked with short, she was just the thing to be
pains of body ormind ? Why, I will tell the belle and coquette of the Black
you all they got all they gotwas, nopity ; Islands; the alternate scorn and fami
require it ? I could bleed to death in a bath liarity with which she treated her ad .
as well as the best of them , if I chose it; mirers, and the interest and curiosity
or chew a bullet, if I set my teeth toit, she excited by sometimes taking des
with any man in a regiment but where's lightful pains to attract, and then da .
the use Nature knows best, and she says, priciously repelling, succeeded , as
roar !' And he roared for another twinge Miss O’Faley observed , ' admirably .'
seized him , " & c. Ormond, notwithstanding the friend
Among other good effects which Or. ly caution of King Corny and his
mond's remorse for wounding Mori- own resolution to regard Dora as a
arty had produced on his mind, it married woman, was soon inspired with
had induced him to form a resolution a feeling towards this fair princess,
never to drink till he lost command of which, if not absolutely love, was at
reason .
This resolution had nearly least a little incompatible with his re
brought him into disgrace with his solution. Neither Miss O'Faley nor
royal patron , the second dayafterhis Dora was much inclined to the alli.
arrival in the Black Islands ; but ance with White Connal, who, though
theirtemporary misunderstanding on- rich, was selfish, mean, and vulgar.
Ormond was a favourite of the aunt,
ly led them to know and love one an-
other the more — and his Majesty and not disagreeable to tlie niece.
bound himself by an oath never to Mademoiselle (as Miss O'Faley was
insist on his drinking more than he generally called ) had formed a scheme
chose. That the newly - created Prince for marrying Dora privately to Or.
might not be another Lackland, King mond , before White Connal should
Corny solemnly invested him in the come to claim her. Still King
possession of one of the prettiest farms Corny was true to his word . --Con
in the Black Islands as his principali- nal appeared soonerthan was expect
ty. Something was still wanting, ed, and in spite of all her French
 1917. ) Review . - Harrington , a Tale ; and Ormond, a Tale. 635
intrigue, and Irish acuteness ,and va- we are now in the humour, for taking
rieties ofresource , Mademoiselle's plan notice of the other faults of this de
was likely to be defeated , when, to the lightful tale. We shall only observe,
great satisfaction of all concerned, that Miss Edgeworth , in this tale,
White Connal broke hisneck. Every comes forward sometimes too ostenta
ebstacle seemed now to be removed tiously in propria persona as a moral
Corny himself would have been de- teacher, and seems even willing to in
lighted to see his daughter united to stitute a comparison to her own ad
Ormond - but White Connal had a vantage between her modeofpourtray
brother, to whom, if he was now alive,ing characters, and that ofothernovel
King Cornelius imagined his unfor- ists. Thus, towards the conclusion
tunate promise to extend . In conse- of the third chapter, she tells us,
quence of a message from hismajesty, “ Most heroes are born perfect,--so at
the brother, designated Black Connal, least their biographers, or rather their
soon appeared in the shape of a dash- panegyrists, would have us believe.
ing officerof the Irish brigade. His Our hero is far from this happy lot ;
French habits and mannerswere quite the readers of his story arein no dan
delightful to Mademoiselle ;and though ger of being wearied at first setting
Dora was at first hurt by his polite in- out, with the list of his merits and
difference, the vanity of making such accomplishments, nor will they be
a conquest,-- the, hope of the unre- awed or discouraged by the exhibition
strained gayety and freedom which her of virtue above the common standard
aunt assured her French wives enjoy- of humanity, beyond the hope of imi
ed , and above all, the confidence with tation,” & c. We can understand the
which Connal had the address to in- moral of representing her hero's ima
spire her in the sincerity of his affec- gination as so heated , by the perusal of
tion, induced her at length to consent Tom Jones,that he was determined to
to the fulfilment of her father's rash distinguish himselfas an accomplished
promise ; and after a considerable libertine, and of saving him the infa
struggle between love and vanity, she my of ruining a lovely and innocent
was married to this Frenchified cox- girl, only by the discovery that she
comb, and set off with her husband was the lover ofhis faithful Moriartý.
and Mademoiselle to Paris. But really Miss Edgeworth's descrip
When the kind -hearted Corny saw tion of the dissipation and gayety of
that Ormond could not be his son -in- Parisian society would have satisfied
c
law and heir, he resolved that he us of its temptations without her hero,
should no longer lose his time in the ( whose mind had now been fortified
C
Black Islands ; and though he would by a strong attachment to a most de
- have been happy to havekept him while serving object,-- by the society of a
he lived, and had noone now to supply most exemplary and accomplished cler
the blank which his absence must gyman , -- and by a long courseof study
a make, he had generously undertaken under that worthy gentleman's direc
to procure a commission for him in tion) being brought to the verge of a
the army, for which he had already criminal intimacy with the married
lodged money in the bank. Things daughter of his generous and beloved
are in this train , when this generous benefactor. There are several marvel
:.monarch is killed by thebursting ofa lous incidents too, which violently
fowling - piece. No death (in fiction ) stagger belief, particularly the sud
ever disappointed or vexed us so much den appearance of Moriarty Carroll at
as this, particularly as we see no great Paris , at the very moment when it
end which it serves in thenarrative. It was necessary to save Ormond from
I1 gives Miss Edgeworth an opportunity, ruin. But we forbear to indulge in
indeed, ofdescribing an Irish wake and the ungrateful task of pointing out
· funeral ; but we should have liked bet. blemishes where there is so much to
es ter to see King Corny living to a ma- admire. If the extracts which we
ture old age , enjoying the happiness of have given, have produced on our
seeing his dear prince succeed to an readers the effect which we intended,
l'ample fortune, united with the lovely they will fly with eagerness to the
and accomplished Miss Annaly, and perusal of this tale, which, in the vari
i finally, succeeding his generous pa- ed and interestingdelineation of cha
- tron in the sovereignty of the Black racter, is inferior to none of Miss
Islands. We have not time, though Edgeworth's productions.
636 Literary and Scientific Intelligence. [ Sej to

LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INTELLIGENCE .

THE scientific world will rejoice to learn , eter, the heat of the flame be not sufficient
that one of the most philosophical chemists to melt a platinum wire, whose diameter
of modern times, Dr Thomas Thomson , equals 1-16th of an inch , theoperator may
has been electedto the chemical chair in the be assured his experiments will not be attend .
University of Glasgow . His varied know , ed with accurate results. The melting of
ledge, minuteas extensive,-his philosophi- the platinum wire ought to be considered
cal views, and singular talent for elucidat. as a necessary trial of the intensity of the
ing the most abstract points, have long heat ; which should be such, that this wire
marked him outas eminently qualified for not only fuses and falls in drops before the
a situation like that to which he has been fame, but also exhibits a lively scintillation ,
just called. Hiselection, honourable as it resembling the combustion of ironwire ex
is to himself, will, there islittle doubt, posed to thesame temperature. “ It must, ”
prove one of the most valuable acts of the he says, “ have appearedvery remarkable,
learned body to which he now belongs, that while the reduction of the earths to the 3

whether it be regarded with reference to the metallic state, and particulasly of barytes,
general interestsof physical science, or to was so universally admitted by all who wit
the numerous manufactures of Scotland. nessed my experiments with the gas blow .
We most cordially trust, that Dr Thomson pipe in Cambridge, the experiments which
will long continue to discharge thedutiesof took place atthe Royal Institution for the
his chair, with satisfaction to himself and express purpose of obtaining the same re
advantage to society. sults, totally failed . Thiswill, however,
Weare happy to announce, that Profes appear less remarkable, when it is now auld
gor Leslie is at presentengaged in a series of ed, that my own experiments began at
experiments with some new instruments of length to fail also. During the Easter va
his invention , which will throw much new cation, owing to causes I could not then ex
and important light on meteorology. plain , the intensity of the heat was so much
Sir Humphrey Davy states,that flame is diminished in the flameof the ignited gas,
gaseous matter heated so highly as to be that I was sometimes unable to effectthe
luminous, and that to a degree oftemper- fusion of platinum wire of the thickness of
ature beyond the white heat of solid bodies, a common knitting needle. The blame
as is shown by the circumstance, that air was of course imputed to some supposed
not luminous will communicate this degree impurity, or want of due proportion , in the
of beat. When an attempt is made to pass gaseous mixture ; when , to our great a.
Aame through a very fine mesh of wire. mazement, the intensity of the heat was
ganze at the cominon temperature, the again restored ,simply by removingaquan
gauze cools each portion of the elastic mat- tity of oil which had accumulated in the,
ter that passes through it, so as to reduce its cap of the safety -cylinder, and which had
temperature below that degree at which it acquired a black colour. About this time
is luminous, and the diminution of temper. Dr Wollaston arrived in Cambridge, and
ature must be proportional to thesmallness was present at some experiments, in com ,
of the mesh and the mass of the metal. pany with the Dean of Carlisle and our
Dr E. D. Clarke, in a letter to Dr Thom- professor of chemistry. Dr Wollaston
son , says,that in using the gas blow -pipe, brought with him some pure barytes It
two precautions are necessary : First , as a was immediately observed , that with this
precaution for his safety, the operator, be- newly -prepared barytes, there was no possi.
fore igniting the gas, should apply his ear bility of obtaining any metallic appear.
to the apparatus gently turning the stop- ance. The barytes deliquesced before the
cock of the jet at the saine time),and listen, ignited gas , and drops of a liquid caustic
to determine, by the bubbling noise of the matter fell from it. Hence it became evi.
oil, whether it beactually within the safety dent, that the failure here, and at the Royal
cylinder. The oil may be drawn into the Institution, might be attributed to the same
reservoir, whenever the piston is used, if cause, namely, the impurity of the barytes,
thestop- cock below the piston be not kept which proved to be, in fact, a hydrate ; and
carefully shut, before the handle is raised. its reduction to the metallic state before the
If there have been a partial detonation in ignited gas was thereby rendered impracti
the safety cylirder, as sometimes happens cable. "
when the gas is nearly expended, this pre
caution is doubly necessary, to ascertain Dr Clarke has lately made the following
whether the oil have not been driven into experiments :
the reservoir, when an explosion of the EXPER. I. Corundum.If, during the
whole apparatus would be extremely pro- fusion of this substance, it be allowed to
bable. Using this precaution , the diameter fall, while hot, upon a deal board , it will
of the jet may be so enlarged as to equal become coated over with a film of carbon,
1-25th of an inch . Second,if,with thisdiam- exhibiting the highest pseudo-metallic lus
1817. ) Literary and Scientific Intelligence. 637
tre, which however disappears upon the ac. great danger,threw off the pillars to get at
tion of the file. Thesame happens inthe it, and could not pursue it fartherthan
fusion of rock crystal, of pure alumine, cleared, as they had nomethod of support.
magnesia, and many other refractorybodies. ingthe vast mass above it. Thestratum of
The appearance of this pseudo -metallic lus- coal dips into the land in a southerly direc
tre mightdeceive any person ; but it is dis- tion ; and,from the altitudes taken, it ap- ; T
tinguished from reguline lustre in this cir . pears that it lowers asit approaches to the easts bois
cumstance, that thefile removes it. -Several trials at different places have been us
EXPER. II. Crystallized Phosphate of made to find coal, but none worth follow - rot
Lime, found near Bovey in Devonshire. ing, except under columnar basalt, above :)
No decrepitation. Phosphorescence. Fuses which is a stratum of irregular whin -stones &
into a black shining slag ; depositing on then basalt pillars at the top. The depth in
iron forceps a cupreous-coloured powder. of the good seamsof coal is from three to sui
Scintillation - reddish coloured Aame. Up- five feet; the upper coal, on which the pilen
on filing the slag we observed a globule of lars rest, is a soft mossy coal; the wooden
white metal, resembling silver, which does coal is in the centre, and the best and more
not alter by exposure to air. solid at the bottom of the pit. The blocks
EXPER . III. Crystals deposited during of wooden coal lie nearly horizontal, in an
the fusion of Wood Tin.In many recent east and west direction across the face or
experiments for the reduction of wood tin the promontory. One of those blocks is so
to the metallic state, when fused , per se, large in the east pit, Port Ganneye , that...,
before the ignited gas, we have observed a four men with two crow - irons could not
deposite ofwhite shining vitreous crystals in turn it out. The land from the precipice,'w
quadrangular tables, the nature of which to the southward falls considerably ,"
has notbeen ascertained . These crystals Meteorology.-- At Tunbridge Wells, on the
are formed upon the white oxide which re- night of Wednesday, the 30th ofJuly, about
sults from the combustion of the metal. half after eleven o'clock , appeareda beautiful
EXFER. IV. Hydrogen Gas prepared parasalene, or mock moon. It was at the
by the action of zinc on water with muriatic distance of about 25 degrees south of the
acid, when condensed alone in the reservoir moon, and was highly coloured with red
of the gas blow -pipe, and ignited, was found and yellow , and at length had the addition
to have heat enoughfor the fusion of pla- of a projecting and tapering band of light,
tinum foil, and for the combustion of iron extending in the direction of the halonic
wire. radius. Thephenomenon lastedabout three
EXPER. V. Protoxide of Chromium minutes. The sky was full of the cirrus
Mixed with oil it was easily fused , and or curlcloud, and the wanecloud passed
white fumes were disengaged , but the metal over in fine veils, here and there dispersed
did not appear to be revived by this pro- in wavy bars. Achange had been conspi
cess . cuous in the clouds to -day. The long lines
EXPER. VI. Metalloidal Oxide of Man . of cirrus extending to either horizon ,large
ganese. Admitted of easy fusion. After well-defined twain -clouds to leeward, and
wards the file disclosed á metal white as waneclouds in the intermediate region of
silver, on which the teeth of the instrument the atmosphere,formed a character of the
were visible. This metal proved to be a raincloud
sky contrasted to the rapid production of
s and showers whichhad gone
conductor of electricity. on .
EXPER . VII. Alloy of Platinum and almost every day for a week before.-- The
Gold.When fused in equal parts by bulk , barometer was stationary nearly all day, and
a bead was obtained so highly malleable, till midnight, at 29-43.
that it was extended by a hammer without Explosion on board a Coal Vessel. On
separation at theedges. Colour nearly the Friday night, July 4 , as a master of a Scotch
same as gold . When twoparts of platinum sloop lying in theTyne, and just laded with
were fused with one of gold , the alloy prov . coals, was going tobed, his candle unfor.
ed brittle. tunately ignited a quantity of gas which
Ancient Coal Mines. - A Dublin paper had collected in the cabin, and produs
gives the following account of the ancient ced a slight explosion , by which his face
coal-mines lately discovered at the Giant's and handsweremuch burnt, and the cur.
Causeway - " There were five pits of Coal tains of his bed set on fire, but they were
opened in Port Ganneye, west of theGiant's soon extinguished ; another person was al
Causeway ; thewesternmost of which is 244 So , we understand , much burned. What
feet above the level of the sea at half tide, renders this circumstance the more curious
and from thence to the top of the precipice is, the coals were by no means fresh from
44 feet.In Port Noffer, east of the the pit.
Giant's Causeway, there were two pits ; the Coal in Russia . - An attempt to raise coal
westernmost 199feet from the level of the is now about to be made in Russia, under
sea , and from the pit to the top 70 feet. the immediate patronage of the Emperor.
The distance from the first altitude taken The spot fixed upon for this purpose is in
at Port Ganneye to that in Port Noffer, is the vicinity of Tula, celebrated for its ex
80 perches. The people, who found the tensive iron -works. Tula is the capital of
coal with difficulty,and in some places with the government of that name, distant from
 638 Literary and Scientific Intelligence. [ Sept.
Moscow 115 miles, and situated on the river Yedo in 1785, and was brought to Europe ,
Upha, in long. 37° 24 ' E. and lat. 549 10 by M. Titsingh , formerly ambassador to
N. All the measures were concerted in China. It is in theJapanese language, and
London with his Excellency CountLieven , accompanied with five maps, drawn with
the Russian Ambassador; and on June 20 , greatcare, and having the degrees marked .
Mr Longmire, of Whitehaven , came to The first is a general map of the parts ad- ,
London, with an assistant draughtsman and jacent to Japan , representing Kamschatka ,
four pitmen belonging to Whitehaven, and Jeso, the island of Tchoka, the coast of
two borers previously engaged at Newcastle. Tartary, the peninsula of Corea , the coast
They sailed from Gravesend, for St Peters- of China as far as Formosa , the Japan and
burgh, on July 1, all their equipments for Lieou -Khieou islands, with another group
the voyage being on the most liberal scale. which will be noticed presently . 2. The
They are to winter at Moscow , excepting a particular map of Yesoo, with the neigh
few occasional visits to Tula , as theseason bouring part of the continent, and the nor
may allow , and to commence operations as thern point of Japan . It furnishes curious
early after that as theclimate willpermit. details respecting the whole southern part
Sir George Cayley has proposed a public of Yesoo, oftenvisited by, and since that
subscription for the purpose of ascertaining time subject to , the Japanese. The north
how far the principle of balloons, support is not so full of names, and we may per
ing heavy burdensin the air, may bemade ceive the efforts made by the Japanese geo
useful as a medium of conveyance. When graphers to reconcile their own information
the subscription amounts to £ 1000, he with the notions derived from Europeans
suggests, that an annual committee of seven concerning the island of Tchoka,the mouth
members be appointed , and that no experi- of Sakhaliyan -Oula, &c. 3. The map of
ments be undertaken but by order of this Corea . That which D'Anville introduced
committee , with the advice of such civil into his atlas was drawn up by Father Re
engineers as they choose to consult. To. gis from thedescriptions given to that mis
wards this object Sir George offers £ 50, but sionary by Chinese and Mantchous. It is
by no means wishes gentlemen disposed to but natural that the two maps should widely
forward it to subscribe upon a high scale , differ from one another. That of the Japan
as a greater amount may probably be ob- ese is very detailed, and seems extremely ex
tained in smaller sums. act : the distinction of capital and secondary
Mr J. Tatum has found , from recent ex- towns, villages, fortresses, encampments,
periments, that vegetables, likeanimals, con- & c. is carefully marked by particular signs,
vert the oxygen of the atmosphere into car- and the distance of the principal places from
bonic acidgas ; and that those very gases the capitals of eachprovince is expressed in
which are fatal to animals are equally so to days' journeys. Unluckily the names are
vegetables. By observations on the effects written in Chinese only, with the exception
of fruits, flowers, new -cut grass, & c, on the of the capitals, to which the Japanese names
atmosphere, he has found, that in most cases are added ; hence we have not the native
the whole of the oxygen was converted into names, which the Corean pronunciation
carbonic acid gas in a few days. must render very different from the others.
It is expected that Mr Abernethy will 4. The map of the islands of Lieou -Khicou,
publish his excellent Observations on the Madjikosima, and Thaiwan , with those of
discoveries of the late celebrated John Hun. the south -west point of Japan. The num
ter in Comparative and Human Anatomy, ber of islands composing these different
delivered at the College of Surgeons during groups is much more considerable than in
his lectures. He has shewn, that we are in our latest maps, and even in that drawn up
reality indebted to Hunter for many facts in 1809 from the journal of the Frederic of
in natural history and the kindred sciences Calcutta. The distances between the prin
appropriated to themselves by the modern cipal and the tracts from Japan to the Chi
writers on physiology. nese continent are marked in ri, or Japan
ese miles. 5. Lastly, the map of a small
FRANCE. archipelago which has no name, or rather
M. Champollion Figeac has published which has notyet found a place in ourmaps.
the inedited Letters of Fontenelle, from They are called by the Japanese Bo-nin
MSS. in the library of Grenoble. A rela . Sima, Uninhabited Islands, not because
tion of that celebrated writer lately died in they are at present uninhabited, but be
the department of the Orne, leaving to his cause they were long so to their knowledge,
son some valuable manuscripts, among till colonists removed thither from the
which is a work by Fontenelle , and a con- south -east point of Ni.fon. They lie near
siderable collection of Memoirs and Letters ly south of the latter, apparently between
of Marshal Catinat, who was uncle to the the latitude of 25 and 29 degrees, and oc
deceased. cupying about 2 degrees of longitude. The
M. Abel Remusat has published , in the Japanese description reckons two large,
Journal des Savans, some curious particulars four of middling size, and four small ones.
relative to a Japanese geographical work in The largest are, respectively, 7 and 71
his possession . It is a description of the leagues in circumference. The rest, 80
parts contiguous to Japan , published at in number, have no particular designation ,
 1817. ) Literary and Scientific Intelligence. 039
and are mere rocks. The author enume- petual secretary, in the place of the late M.
rates the different kinds of trees and ani . Suard.
mals found in these islands. Among the M. de Lalande, one of the directors of
former he mentions the kian -mou , orhard the Museum of Natural History, is prepar
tree ; this, he says, is the most valuable : ing for a new voyage for the proinotion of
another very high tree, the Japanese name that science. During a short excursion to
of which is unknown to M. Remusat, the Brazil, he collected more than four thousand
areca , the white louan , the katsiyasi, the zoological subjects, which prove how much
sandal, the camphor -tree , a large tree with yet remains to be done before we can ac
shining leaves as if varnished , and many quire just and sufficiently extensive notions
others. Enjoying a very mild temperature, of those remote regions.
the hills and valleys produce all sorts of French Academy. - M . Roger was, on
pulse and corn, wheat, rye, small rice, & c. the 28th , elected a member of the French
Birds and fish are equally abundant. The Academy, in the room of M. Suard , deceas
Japanese government has never taken for. ed. On the 29th, Count Maxime de Choi
mal possession of this group of islands ; but, seul d'Aillecourt, Prefect of Orleans, au
as M. Remusat observes, it is more than thor of a work on the spirit and influence
probable that it would take umbrage at the of the Crusades, which obtained the prize
formation of an European settlement upon about seven years ago, was elected a mem
them . ber of the Academy of Inscriptions and
The French government is proceeding in Belles Lettres, in the room of the Count de
a spirited manner with the grand Descrip- Choiseul-Gouffier, his uncle. M. Auger
tion of Egypt, begun by the command of has been appointed successor to the same:
Bonaparte . Two livraisons, as it is well person in the Dictionary Committee . The
known , have appeared . The third will be candidates were, MM. Roger , Treneuil,
divided into two sections, the first of which Benjamin de Constant, Jay, De Wailly ,
is nearly ready. This section contains 200 and Debrieu . It was not till the seventh
plates ; 74 of antiquities, 45 belonging to ballot thatthe absolute majority of 16 could
the modern state , and 81 to natural history . be obtained for any one person : it then fell
They are accompanied with four parts of on M. Roger (who had each time the great
text, namely , two of antiquities, one of mo- est number of votes ). This gentleman , au ,
dern state , and one of natural history. The thor of a comedy entitled L'Avocat, and
price of this section is 800 francs on fine, who is secretary -general to the post-office,
and 1200 francs on vellum, paper. The was therefore declared duly elected .
second half of the third livraison , which M. Raynouard , the new secretary , read
will complete this magnificent work , will a proposition for instituting an annual pre
appear in the course of the year 1818 . It mium for the work that should be publish
will contain 200 engravings belonging to the ed most favourable to the improvement of
three departments of antiquities, modern the manners of the country .
state , and natural history , and a geo
graphical atlas of Egypt, comprising a ge GERMANY .
neral map of the country , in 53 plates . The The Emperor of Austria , desirous of ado
price of the two papers will be 1200 francs vancing useful knowledge, and transplant
and 1800 francs. ing to his dominions some of the valuable
The Academyof Inscriptions and Belles natural productions of the New World, has
Lettres has adjudged itsprize for the “ His availed himself of the opportunity of the
tory of the School of Alexandria, from its marriage and departure of his daughter the
commencement to the beginning of the third archduchess Leopoldine, to send to Brazil a
century of the vulgar era,” to a memoir number of men of science, who, with the
written by M. Matter, of Strasbourg , It permission of the King of Portugal, are di
has also adjudged a prize to a memoir on rected to explore the most remarkable parts
the question" Which are the works of of that country , to examine the different
the ancient philosophers, and of Aristotle productions of the three kingdoms of na
in particular, the knowledge of which was ture, and to enrich the European collections
most generally diffused inthe west by the with specimens of them . His imperial
Arabs ?” — but the author is not yet known . majesty has granted the sums necessary for
A variety of wheat, indigenous in Egypt, the expedition, and given the chief direction
which grows so rapidly, that it is fit to reap of it to Prince Metternich . The persons
three months after sowing, has been for appointed to proceed to Brazil for this pur
some years cultivated in Belgium . Several pose are - DrMikon, a physician and pro.
agriculturists areendeavouring to introduce fessor of botany at Prague ; M. Gatterer,
it into France. They assert that the bread belonging to thecabinetof natural history :
made with it is of far superior quality to that M. Enders, landscape painter ; M. Schott,
of rye . It is obvious that, under various botanical gardener at the palace of Belve.
circumstances, this new acquisition may be dere ; Professor Pohl, advantageously known
a resource of the highest importance. by several works on mineralogy ; M. Buch
M. Laya has been elected successor to berger, painter of plants ; and M. Schick
1
the Count de Choiseul-Gouffier in the Royal as librarian . The first four sailed from
French Academy, and M. Raynouard per. . Trieste in the frigates Austria and Augusp.
640 Literary and Scientific Intelligence. [ Sept.
ta , andthe other threewill embark at Leg. He had not been long returned from his
horn with the archduchess . M. Schreiber, tour in Egypt, Syria, and other southern
director of the Imperial Cabinetof Natural regions. He has left many very curious an
History, is appointed to write the account tiquities and interesting manuscripts His
of the voyage. Messrs Spix and Martens, death was occasioned by a putrid fever ,
members of the Academy of Sciences at caught while examining the environs of an
Munich , have joined the expedition. cient Ephesus.
By an agreement concluded by the courts At the end of May, the Bible Society of
of Weimar and Gotha, the clear revenues St Petersburg held its fourth general meet
of the university of Jena have been ang- ing at the palace of Tauride, under the
mented to more than £ 3,500 Sterling - so presidency of Prince Gallitzin . From the
that, with the other resources which it pos- report read on the occasion, it appears that
sesses, itwillin future enjoy an incomeex . there are already more than a thousand so
ceeding £ 5,500. cieties engaged in distributing the Holy
On the3d of July, the Royal Academyof Scriptures among the lower classes ofsocie
Berlin celebrated , by a public meeting, the ty ; of these there are upwards of 100 in
anniversary of Leibnitz, its founder. The Europe, and more than 200 in the other
class of history and philology resolved to parts of the world. America contains about
offer a prize of 100 ducats for the best his. 150, thirteen of which were founded by fe.
torical and juridical account of the proceed- males.
ings of the Athenian courts of justice, both The universityof Dorpat inLivonja Dow
inpublic and private causes. M. Bode numbers 300 students, some of whom come
read a memoir on the newly discovered plan. from very remote parts of the empire, as
ets, Ceres, Pallas, Juno, and Vesta , and wellas from the provinces bordering on the
produced a brass model, shewing the true Baltic. The buildings for the university
position of their orbits in the solar system ; are finished . One is occupied by a philos
and M. Uhden communicated some obser. phical cabinet, and another by thelibrary,
vations on the mortuary lists of the ancient containing nearly 30,000 volumes. In
Etruscans. these buildings have also been provided
5. The Journal of Augsberg, of the Sth ult. halls for public orations and other solemn
has published the following observations acts of the university. The professors hoid
made in the observatory of that city:- their lectures in a fine and spacious editioe
** On the 7th inst, at42minutes past eight situated on the Dornberg ; the anatomical
in the evening, Professor Stark observed, theatre is arranged with taste. From amidst
'in a serene sky, a luminous band, of a the ruins of the ancient cathedral rises ano
colour similar to the Milky Way, in the di- ther superb structure, one partof which con ,
rectionof the headof Serpentarius, in the tains the museum , and theother serves for
constellation Hercules ; and which , passing the university church . Professors Jäsche
below the Northern Crown, and then be and Morgenstern are distinguished by their
tween the tail of the Great Bear and the worth and erudition . In the Lounge, a
head of the Little Bear, ended in the star reading -room , a stranger meets with all the
Alpha of the Dragon. Its length was 71 scholars of Dorpat, and also the foreign
degrees, and its breadth , almost every where literary, political, and philosophical jour,
uniform ,was two apparent diameters of the nals.
moon . This phenomenon , which had a
great resemblance to the prolongation which ITALY.
rapidly took place on the13th of September M. Fontani, librarian at Florence, an
1811, in the tail of the great comet, disap- nounces the speedy publication of the in
peared at 58minutes past eight. From this edited Letters of Poggio, in two or thres
moment until one o'clock in the morning, Svo volumes. He also purposes publishing
the Professor observed that the nebulous the catalogue of the MSS. of the Riccardian
part No 8 of the constellation of the Buck . library. This catalogue will occupy three
ler of Sobiesky, when the luminous band or four folio volumes, each of which will
had commenced, seemed to be surrounded cost the subscribers a ducat and a half.
with an aurcola greater, more lively , and A letter from Rome, dated the 15th
more sparkling, than usual. May last, gives the following interesting
The great spot or crevice, which appeared particulars relative to
on the 23 of July last on the sun's disk, discovered in that citythe antiquities lately
: “ You have pro
disappeared on the 4th of August. There bably heard of the discovery near Albano,
were afterwards formed a great number of of an ancient burial-place, covered with the
small spots, arranged in several groups, lava of the volcano which afterwards pro
wbich Professor Stark intends to describe duced the lakes of Albano and Nemi. At
ina work which he proposes to publish very this place were found a greatquantity ofcases
soon . of terra cotta, containing others of a peculiar
form of the same material, also utensils,
RUSSIA . fibula of bronze, small wheels, and ashes of
Letters from Constantinople of the 13th the dead . M. Alexander Visconti, in
September 1816 , announce the death of the dissertation read before the Archæological
celebrated Russian traveller, Mr J. Richter. Academy, attributes them to the Aborigines.
1
 1817.] Literary and Scientific Intelligence. 641
It is certain , that as these vases were co-
known by that name ; but the most likely
vered with the lava they must be anterior opinion is, that it was the Comitium , or
to the foundation of Alba Longa, which place to which the people resorted to vote
was builtafter the extinction of the vol- for the acceptation of the senatus consulta ,
canoes.-The excavations are continued at and the election of priests ; and this opinion ,
the Forum , as also on the declivity of the first advanced by Nardini, is daily rendered
Capitol facing it. The Portuguese ambas- more probable. There is every appearance
sador, the Count de Funchal, a very in- that the Forum will be entirely cleared -- a
telligent man and zealous antiquary, has work of very great interest for the topogra
caused the ancient Clivus Capitolinus, or phyof Rome.Without thegate of St Se
street which ascended from the Forum to bastian, near the Via Ardeatina, in a farm
the Capitol, to be cleared at his own ex- belonging to the Duchess of Chablais, called
pense. " The ancient pavement was found Tor Marancio, have been found a consider
constructed in the usual manner of Roman able number of ancient Mosaic pavements,
pavements, of basaltine lava , which they antique paintings, and fragmentsof sculp
called silex .The street ran from the arch ture . Inscriptions on the leaden pipes
of Septimus, between the temples common- which conveyed the water thither, seem to
ly called those of Jupiter Tonans and of indicate that this was the villa of the Manu.
'Concord ; and in the distance of 140 feet tia Family. The pavements represent no
between those two temples and the arch, thing but trellises or compartments, only
there is a difference in the level of 13 feet, one of which displays different colours ; the
which must have rendered the ascent very others generally are white or black . One
inconvenient.-- By the side of the temple of of these pavements is very remarkable : up
Jupiter Tonans, towards the Mamertine on it areseen the shipof Ulysses and the Sy
prison, thegovernment has just cleared the rens, one of whom , with birds' feet, is play
remains of an edifice hitherto totally un- ing on a lyre. In another part of it is repre
known, and highly decorated. It seems to sented Scylla, half woman, and half fish ,
have been destroyed by fire; but there is enfolding two men with her two tails, and
still an ancient pavement formed of slabs of striking the water with a ship's rudder.
Numidian , Phrygian, and African marble ; The paintings decorate a small chamber,
and many fragments and blocks of marble and are remarkable for the subject alone ;
which formed the decorations. They are of they represent three females of infamous
the most exquisite workmanship, very deli. celebrity, but in the most decorous attitude.
cate and very rich , which leads me to be. They are inscribed beneath : Pasiphae ,
lieve that the building was of the age of the Myrrha, and Canace. A fourth , whose
Vespasians ; and, since it is known that name is effaced, appears to be Scylla,”
near the arch of Septimus stood the temple M. Michele Leoni has lately translated
of Vespasian , I am inclined to attribute Goldsmith's Traveller into Italian verse.
these relics to that edifice, especially as the In the preface to this version, which was
trunks of two colossal statues have been published at Florence, the translator en
found there, one of an emperor , and the deavours to vindicate Italy against what he
other of a female having the air of a Juno, terms the prejudices of the British poet.
but who might possibly be an empress un
der that form . This , however, is but con UNITED STATES.
jecture. Among these relics have been An American journal states, that Mr
found fragments of columns of Numidian David Heath , jun. of New Jersey, has
and Phrygian marble, which decorated the made a very important improvement in the
interior of the cella . The walls were also steam engine, by which all accidents may
faced with Phrygian and Carystian marble. in future be prevented . It consists in a new
It is to be hoped that some inscription will contrivance of the boiler, by which a high
remove all doubts on the subject, and de- temperature of the steam is obtained with
termine the use of the edifice. The column out the use of the condenser. The balance
of Phocas is almost entirely cleared , at the wheel and the beain are rendered unneces
expense of the Duchess of Devonshire, and sary, so that a whole engine of four horse
under the direction of our mutual friend, power is reduced to the small space of 60
M. Akerblad. Two sepulchral inscriptions cubit feet.
have been found here. They do not belong A remedy for the stone is stated to have
to the column, and must have been brought been discovered in America by the following
hither in the middle ages. A very interest. circumstance : A physician , who for twenty
ing discovery has however been made re- years had been afflicted with this painful
specting this column, namely, that it was disorder, repaired two years ago to the me
erected on a pyramid of steps, one of the dical springs at Bedford, in Pennsylvania ,
four sides of which is in good preservation . to make use of the waters . After taking
It has been erroneously stated, that the them some time to no purpose, an African
discoveries made near the edifice commonly negro offered to cure him for a few pounds.
called the temple of Jupiter Stator, or the This offerhe treated with contempt ; till at
temple of Castor and Pollux, corroborate length finding that he could not long sùr
theidea,that
Museum thesewasarenotheedifice
. There remains of the vive
at Rome without relief,hesent
who disclosed forprice
the secret as the the negro,
of his
VOL. I. 4 N
642 Works Preparingfor Publication. [ Sept.
freedom , and the patient was cured in four thin slices, salt and bruise them between
weeks. A quarterof a pint of the expressed two pewter plates. The horse-mint, how
juice of horse-mint, and a quarter of a pint ever , possesses thechief virtue, and a strong
of red onion juice, are to be taken evening decoction of that alone will in general effect
and morning till the cure is perfected. a cure, but the dose must of course be con
White onions will not have the same effect siderably larger.
as red. To obtain the juice, cut them in

WORKS PREPARING FOR PUBLICATION.

LONDON.
Messrs Cadell and Davies will shortly gress oftheBritish Embassy through China,
publish The History of the City ofDublin, and on its Voyage to and from that Coun
Ecclesiastical, Civil, and Military, from the try in the years 1816 and 1817. The work
earliest accounts to the present period ; its will be published in one volume 4to , illus
Charters, Grants, Privileges, Extent, Popu- trated by maps and other engravings.
lation, Public Buildings, Societies, Chari- The Transactions of the Literary Society
ties, &c. & c. extracted from the National of Bombay; Vol. I. in 4to. illustrated by
Records, approved Historians, many curi. numerousengravings, will shortly appear.
ous and valuable Manuscripts, and other We have again to announce the com
authentic materials ; by the late John mencement another of those useful col
Warburton, Esq. Deputy -keeper ofthe Re- lections which arehonourable testimonies of
cords inBirmingham Tower ; thelate Rev. the presentgeneral thirst of knowledge, by
James Whitelaw ; and the Rev. R. Walsh , the title of the Oxford Encyclopædia , or
M. R. I. A. In 2 vols 4to, illustrated by Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General
numerous views of the principal Buildings, Literature. It will be published in 25 parts,
ancient and modern , maps ofthe City , & c. forming,when complete, five 4to . volumes .
Dr Robertson , who has resided some years Oneof the most important undertakings
in the Ionian Islands, is printing a Concise in literature, which has for many years
Grammar of the Romaic or Modern Greek claimed public attention, is on the point of
Language, with Phrases and Dialogues on being completed :we allude to the twenty
familiar subjects. years' labours of Mr John Bellamy, on the
The Official Journal of the late Captain Hebrew Scriptures. That gentleman has
Tuckey, on a voyage of discovery in the now so far proceeded in this great work,
Interior of Africa, to explore the source of that the first portion is about to be printed,
the Zaira or Congo, witha complete survey and will be delivered to the subscribers at
of the river beyond the cataracts, is in the one guinea per copy, before the conclusion
press, and will speedily be published , in one of this year.
volume4to, printed uniformly with Park's, The Dramatic Works of the late Mr
Barrow's, Adam's, and Riley's Travels in Sheridan , prefaced by a correct Life of the
Africa ; with a large map, and other plates
and wood cuts. This work will consist of
Author, derived
are preparing for from authentic materials,
publication.
an Introduction , stating the motives and ob- MissLucy Aikin is preparing for the
jects of the Expedition , the preparations for press, Memoirs of the Court of Queen Eliza
it, the personsemployed, some account of beth ; comprising a minute view of her
their literary biography, their unfortunate domestic life, and notes of the manners,
death , and a summary deduction from the amusements , arts , and literature of her
facts obtained on the voyage. This willbe reign. The present work is composed upon
followed by Captain Tuckey'sJournal,which the plan of uniting with the personal history
is complete as far as the cataracts of the of a celebrated female sovereign, and a con .
Congo , and his Notes are carried on to the nected narration of the domestic events of
farthest pointof his progress. The Journal her reign, a large portion of biographical
of ProfessorSmith will next be given ; and anecdote, privatememoir, and tracts illus
the work will conclude with some General trative of an interesting period of English
Observations on the Society, Manners, Lan- history . Original letters , speeches, and oc
guage, & c. of the people of the Congo casional poems, are largely interspersed .
Regions, and a General Account of the Nat. An Essay on the Chemical History and
ural History Medical treatment of Calculous Disorders,
Lord Amherst's Mission to China. In with plates, by A. Marcet, M.D. F.R.S. is
the press, A Journal of the Proceedings of in the press, and may be expected shortly.
the Embassy to China ; by H. Ellis, Esq. Mr Richard Hand, glass-painter, pro
Third Commissioner of the Embassy. In poses to publish bysubscription, a Practical
4to. with plates, maps, & c. Treatise on the Art of Painting on Glass,
Mr Clark Abel, Physician and Naturalist compiled and arranged from the original
to the Embassy to China, has in the press, manuscripts of his late father, Richard
Personal Observations made during the pro- Hand , historical glass-painter to his Majes.
1817.) Monthly List of New Publications. 643
ty. The discoveries of modern chemistry, ready for publication , a Sequel to his Essay
which have brought to our knowledge vari. on Yellow Fever.
ous new metals and oxydes,which produce Zapolya , a dramatic poem , from the pro
by vitrification many beautiful colours ne- lific pen of Mr Coleridge , is now in the
cessary for painting on glass, and which press, and will appear in a few days.
were unknown to the ancients , will be duly In October will appear, a Universal His
noticed , to correct an erroneous idea that tory , translated from the German of John
they excelled in the art ; and, in opposition Müller, in 3 vols 8vo . It contains a philo
to the mistakennotion, that the art has sophical inquiry into the moral, and more
been lost, it will be clearly shewn that it especially the political causes which have
has been continued to the present day, and given rise to themostimportantrevolutions.
that in former times it was never brought A History of St Domingo , from the ear
tothe perfection it has now attained. The liest period to the present time, from the
mistaken grounds on which the ancients are best authorities, is in preparation.
supposed to have excelled in the art will be Miss Lefanu , the authoress of Strathallan ,
pointed out,and such positive proofs of their has in the press, a new Novel, entitled
inferiority adduced , as will leave no fur- Helen Montergle.
ther room for misconception on the subject. The Theological Works of Dr Isaac Bar
Dr Bancroft has in the press , and nearly row are printing at Oxford , in six 8vo vols.

EDINBURGH.
The Poems of Ossian , in Gaelic, are in Church , Edinburgh . By Sir Henry Mon
the press . They are reprinted from the crieff Wellwood , Bart. is in the press, in
splendid Edition , in three volumes Svo ; but one volume 8vo.
without either the English or Latin Ver- Letters of William , First Duke of Queens
sions. berry , Lord High - Treasurer of Scotland :
The Lovers of Scottish Melody and Vocal with an Appendix, containing Correspon
Poetry will be pleased to learn, that the dence of the Duke and Duchess of Lauder
second volume of Albyn's Anthology is in dale, Frances Stewart Duchess of Rich
the press, and will be ready for delivery mond, the Earl of Perth, and other distin
early in the ensuing winter. guished Individuals of the Scottish Nobili .
Dr Buchanan will immediately put to ty,during the reigns of Charles the Second.
press an Account of the Kingdom of Nepaul. and his Brother. Published from the Ori
Dr Buchanan resided for several years in ginal, in the Editor's possession,and illus
that interesting country, during which time trated with portraits andfac-similes, in one
he was indefatigably employedin collecting volume 4to .
information relative to its Natural, Civil, History of Great Britain , from the Revo
and Political Condition . The value and lution in 1688 to the French Revolution
accuracy, as well as vast extent of Dr in 1789 ; by Sir James Mackintosh , M.P.
Buchanan's Researches concerning India, L.L.D. F.R.S.
are too well known not to make this work a Biographical Memoirs of Dr Matthew
welcome present to the public. Stewart, Dr James Hutton, and Professor
The Rev. C. Maturin, author of theTra- John Robison, read before the Royal So
gedy of Bertram , has in the press a Tale, ciety of Edinburgh, now collected into one
in 3 vols. volume, with some additional Notes; by
An account of the Life and Writings of John Playfair F.R.S.L. & E. 8vo, with
the late John Erskine of Carnock , D.D. three portraits.
one of the Ministers of the Greyfriars'

MONTHLY LIST OF NEW PUBLICATIONS.

LONDON.

ARCHAEOLOGY . styles ; by Thomas Dudley Fosbrooke,

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 644 Monthly List of New Publications.
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[ Sept.
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 1817.) Monthly List of New Publications. 648

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646 Monthly List of New Publications. ( Sept.
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ses moyens, ainsi queson but, et dévoilent Mémoire de la Société de Médicine,
entièrement l'unique cause de la révolution séante à l'Hôtel-de - Ville, 8vo .
française ; par le Chevalier de Malet, 8vo. Recherches sur l'action qu'exerce l'acide
Exposé des tentatives qui ont été faites, nitrique sur la matière nacrée des calculs
dans le desseinderendre potable, et salubre, biliaris humains, et surle nouvel acide qui
l'eau de mer distillée ; par B. G. Sage, 8vo. en résulte ; par M. M. Pelletier et Caven .
Le Couronnement de la Sainte Vierge et ton , 8vo .
les Miracles du Saint Dominique, d'apres Relation de l'Expédition dePortugal, faite
Jean de Fiesole ; avec une introduction sur en 1807 et 1808, par le premier corps d'Ob
la vie du peintre et l'explication des gravu . servation de la Gironde , devenu de Portu
res; par A. Guilleaume de Schlegel, folio. gal ; par le Baron Thiébault, Lieutenant
Les Deux Anglais, Comédie en trois actes, Général, 8vo.
et en prose; par M. C. Merville, 8vo. Gérardin et Desvaux, Dictionnaire Rai .
Précis des pratiques de l'art Daval en sonné de Botanique, contenant trois mille
France , en Espagne et en Angleterre, don- mots nouveauxqui ne se trouvent point dans
nant pour les trois Marines les termes les précédents dictionnaires, 8vo.
techniques, les commandemens et des voca- Journal Historique sur la Campagne du
bulaires en Français, Espagnol et Anglais, Prince Eugène en Italie, pendant les an
& c. ; par J. B. X. Babron,8vo.
7
nées 1813 et 1814, 8vo.
Histoire de l'Astronomie Ancienne ; par Victoires, Conquêtes Desasters, Revers,
M. Delambre, membre de l'Institut, Pro- et Guerres Civiles des Français, de 1792, à
fesseur d'Astronomie au Collège de France , 1815. Par une société de militaires et de
2 vols 4to . gens de lettres. Tome II. 8vo.
Voyage Astronomique, fait en Espagne Théorie du Mesmérisme par un Ancien
parordre du Bureau des Longitudes , pour ami de Mesmer ; oul'on explique aux dames
prolonger la méridienne jusqu'aux Iles ses principes naturels pour le salut de leurs
Baléares ; ouvrage formant le tome IV . familles, et aux sages de tous les pays ses
de la Base du Système métrique de M. De- causes et ses effets, comme un bienfait de la
lambre ; par M. M. Biot et Arrago, 4to . nature, qu'ils sont invités à répandre avec
Traité des Pièrres Precienses, & c.; par les précautions convenables, d'après les
M. Haiiy, 8vo. quelles plusieurs Rois de l'Europe en ont
Elémens d'Algèbre ; par M. Bourdon , encouragé l'usage dans leurs états, 8vo .
Professeur de Mathématiques au Collège de Voyage Pittoresque sur le Rhin depuis
Henri IV . 8vo . Mayence jusqu'à Dusseldorff, avec 32 gra
Essai sur l'Origine des Substances organi. vures et une Carte Géographique, 8vo .
sées et inorganisées, et sur quelques phéno- Naudet, Des changemens opérés dans
mènes de physiologie animale et végétale ; toutes les parties de l'administration de
parJ. B. Fray, 8vo. l'empire Romain, sous les régnes de Dio
Connoissance des tems, à l'usage des As- clétien , de Constantin , et de leurs succes
tronomes et des Navigateurs. Publiée par seurs, jusqu' à Julien ; ouvrage couronné
le Bureau des Longitudes de France, par par l'Academie des Inscriptions et Belles
l'année 1820, 8vo. Lettres, au concours de 1815, 2 tom . 8vo.
Examen de Pathologie, ou choix de Ques- Scheffer, Essai sur la Politique de la Na
tions et de Réponses sur cette partie de la tion Anglaise, et du Gouvernement Britan
médecine, avec des Tableaux Synoptiques nique, 8vo.
 647
1811. ) Register . - Foreign Intelligence.

MONTHLY REGISTER.

FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE .

Europe. ed , whenever circumstances may permit, in

the endowment of the Chapters,the Rec
FRANCE . tories, and in short, the whole Church es
tablishment. M. Talleyrand Perigord ,
THE French governmenthas of late seem
ed anxious toconciliate the old army ; an grand almoner of France (now appointed
ordinancewas recently issued ,bywhich the archbishop of Paris), M. de la Luzerne,
officers of the revolutionary army on half. formerly bishop of Langres, andM.de
payare, without distinction, to be gradually Beausset, formerly bishop of Alais, have
introduced into active service. Marshal been created cardinals. Several new ap
Davoust, who, since Bonaparte's second are pointments to archbishoprics and bishoprics
also notified .
expulsion , has been in disgrace at court,
had lately an audience of the king, and The King of Prussia has just left Paris ,
was by him presented with a marshal's ba after sojourning there incog. under the title
ton ; and General Debelle , whose sentence of Count Ruppin, for several weeks. Dur.
of death was commutedto ten years' im . inghisstayhe was daily entertained by the
prisonment, has now been restored to libero principal public characters with much hos
ty . These measures seem to indicate an pitality, but without state or magnificence ,
toplace andspentmost of his time invisitingevery
intention, on the part of France,
her army once more in a formidableatti- thingabout the city worthy of the traveller's
tude. They will at least have the effect of notice.
The document noticed in our last Num .
makingmoresecure the allegiance of the ber, purportingtobeaprotest of the Ex
old troops, who, without their officers, are Empress Maria Louisa against the occupa
not always to be depended on ; an example tion of the throne of France by the Bour
of which occurred on the 18th July, when
a detachment of the line, attending the exe bons, has been declared by the Austrian
cution of Captain Oudin atStGenies, who Observer to be a forgery.
had been ordered to be shot for being con .
cerned in a former insurrection , wheeled SPAIN AND PORTUGAL.
about, and refused to fire ; for such alarm . The Pope has issued a bull, authorizing
ing insubordination, they have been one and the King of Spain to levy an extraordinary
all dismissed the king's service. Captain subsidy of 30 millions of reals on the pro
Darillon , who commanded them , has also perty of the national church.
been cashiered, and is further to be tried byA letter which appeared lately in the
a court-martial. foreign journals, written by the mother
Five soldiers of the Royal Guard have of the Emperor Alexander to the King
been brought to trialfor a conspiracy, in of Spain, expressive of the esteem and
April last, to murder Monsieurand his two friendship entertained by her son for the
sons. The chief, a non -commissioned offi- King of Spain, and communicating the
cer, named Desbans, and another, were Emperor's desire that her Majesty should
condemned and executed ; a third is to be wear the decorations of the Order of St
imprisoned for three years, and the other Catherine's, has given rise to much spe
two were acquitted. The conspirators were culation on the particularly good under
all under 25years of age. standingwhich appears to exist between the
Five English soldiers were convicted of a Courts of Madrid and St Petersburg ; and
robbery on the 3d of August, at Valen . rumours, for which there seems to be no
ciennes, and led out to execution ; upon good foundation, have in consequence been
which occasion the inhabitants were so in- current, that had been agreed upon by
terested for the unhappy sufferers, that they Alexander to furnish Ferdinand with a
followed them to the place of execution, naval and military force to assist in the sub
crying Mercy, mercy . Two were executed, jugation of his revolted colonies.
and three received a pardon ; after which Letters from Lisbon , of the 9th August,
the inhabitants wreaked their vengeance on state, that Baron Eben , and about thirty
the person who had been induced to offici. Other conspirators, having been found guil.
ate as executioner. He was in consequence ty , were expected to be ordered for execu
compelled to takerefuge in the prison. tion . The proceedings on their trials have
In the Concordat entered into between been withheld from publication , for the
the Pope and the King of France, it is present, from prudential considerations. It
agreed , on the part of the latter, that the was generally understood at Lisbon , how .
bishoprics shall be endowed with lands as ever, that the Government there felt so per
well as with annual stipends, and the same fectly secure since the late intelligence from
principle is evidently intended to be adopt- Pernambuco, that the danger of giving full
 648 Register -Foreign Intelligence. ( Sept.
publicity to the conspiracy in Portugal was The Editor of one of the Flemish news .
considered to be at an end. papers was prosecuted on the 1st instant, at
Ghent, at the instance of the Duke of Wel
ITALY. lington , for having asserted that an officer
A Florence paper, of the 22d of July, in one of the French colonies owed his ap
contains an article, dated Rome, July 16, pointment to the influence of his Grace.
in which it is stated , that her Royal High . The King's Attorney prayed, that the ac
ness the Princess of Wales had just given a cused should be sentenced to one month's
magnificent fete, equally remarkable for the imprisonment, and a fine of300 forins, and
brilliancy of the illuminations, the sump- deprivation of civil and political rights for
tuousness of the refreshments, and the five years. The court took a week to con
charms of the best selected music, vocal sider of its judgment, which they have since
and instrumental. Many of the most dis. given for the defendant.
tinguished of the Romanand foreign nobles
were present. Her Royal Highness has SWEDEN.
since left Rome for Bologna. The folly and ruinous consequences of
Letters from Naples state, that the vici- the prohibitory system adopted by the Swed
nity has been cleared from the brigands, who ish Government against the introduction of
have long infested it, in a curious manner. foreign manufactures and colonial articles,
The Neapolitan government has taken into are severely felt, both in Sweden and Nor .
full pay , and actual service, two of the ring way. The cessation of native with foreign
leaders ,who have promised to make all competition , and of the long established in ,
their followers good subjects. terchange ofnational products and commer
The old king of Sardinia has taken a mo- cial commodities, has materially increased
nastic habit, and gives himself up wholly to the general distress of the country. The
religious exercises. evils caused by the system are also aggra
vated by the harsh and overbearing inter
GERMANY . ference of the government in mercantile
The accounts from different parts of Ger. transactions, and more particularly in the
many concur in stating, that "never in the rates of exchange. The stagnation of trade
memory of man were there such prospects has been so great in Norway, as to occasion
of abundance as those held out by the har- the failure of several eminent houses at
vest, which is now gathering in . Corn, Drontheim and Christiania, while the exe
wine, oil , and every article of subsistence, tinction of the ancient and customary rela ,
fall rapidly in price. But in some districts, tions of commerce has given rise to smug .
the general joy has been damped by storms gling, which, it is not concealed , is carried
of rain and hail, which have done consider- on by the rich capitalists to the detriment
able damage to the corn fields. The harvest and ruin of the middling and inferior classes
has been so abundant in the south of Ger. of traders. Numerous seizures have been
many, as to make wheat almost unsaleable made of vessels carrying on a contraband
at any price ; -- a blessed revolution, when trade. The Swedes, notwithstanding their
within these three months it was almost at patriotic speeches on theevils resulting from
any price unattainable. the use offoreign luxuries, seem just as re
The royal national theatre of Berlin was luctant as the inhabitants of other countries
destroyed by fire on the 29th July ; so to part with their accustomed enjoyments.
rapid were the flames, that it was impossible According to a table, describing the civil
to save any thing ; and it was only by the state of Sweden, 344 children at the breast,
activity ofthe firemen and police, that two were, during the year 1814, smothered by
churches, between which the theatre stood, their mothers or nurses while asleep ; and
as well as the neighbouring houses, did not in the following year, 369 died through this
also become a prey to the Hames. The da- kind of imprudence.
mage is estimatedat about a million and a
half of crowns. The building was 244 feet DENMARK .
long, 155 broad, and 155 high, within the The Danish government is making ex
walls. The fire which destroyed it is be- traordinary exertions for the re -establish ,
lieved to have been wilful ; and twelve per- ment of its navy. A new ship of the line
sons, suspected as the incendiaries, have has been launched , two new frigates are
been apprehended. finished , and two brigs recently constructed
An extraordinary circumstance occurred are stationed in the Categate.
during the late inundations in Switzerland .
A large manufactory of tiles, situate near RUSSIA.
the village of Fleuden , was entirely sur- The latest accounts from Russia repre
rounded by water, which at length made its sent that country as cultivating the relations
way into magazines full of lime. In an in- of peace with all its neighbours. To this
stant the whole edifice was on fire ; the own. state of security may be ascribed the exten
ers had previously quitted it, and as no as sive reductions of the Russian army. It ap
sistance could be afforded , it was burned , in pears that the Court of Petersburgh is nego
the midst of water, down to the level of it. tiating an important measure with the Öt.
1817.] Register. - Foreign Intelligence. 649
toman government, the free navigation of cond, and so on with the others. The exe
the Dardanelles, upon the paymentof a sti- cution thus lasted for thirty -three days.
pulated toll.
The Emperor Alexander is about to quit AMERICA.
his capital for eighteen months. Part of
the winter he will pass at Moscow , and part
at Warsaw . He then intends to visitthe UNITED STATES.
southern provinces of his empire, those at By the latest American papers, it ap
least which are civilized, or are capable pears that the negotiations relative to the
of civilization .Much good may result boundary between the British Colonies in
from thisjourney , if his Imperial Majesty North America and the United States, had
carries with him the disposition to rectify not commenced ; the British Commissioners
abuses, and introduce judicious systems of not being fully prepared for entering upon
administration throughout those distant re- it. The Americans were, in the mean time,
gions. going on with a trigonometrical survey on
that frontier. It is said that the two govern
TURKEY.
ments have come to an understanding, that
We learn, from Constantinople, that in neither poweris to retain in actual service
consequence of the satisfactory explanations morethantwo revenue cutters of two guns
between the Russian Ambassador and the each onthe lakes, and that six months' no
Ministers of the Grand Signior, the Baron ticeis to be given of any intention to aug
de Strogonoff is about to order the erection ment this force on either side.
of the palace intended for the Russian lega- The Official Journal of the United States'
tion, for which the Emperor Alexander has Government mentions, that the Commission .
just granted the necessary funds.
.
ers of the navy , in addition to the duty of
Through the intervention of England a directing the necessary surveyspreparatory
convention has been concluded between the to the selection of a suitable site fora naval
Holy See and thePorte, which secures more depot and dock -yard on the Northern coast,
liberty to the Christians established in Tur are also charged with the general survey of
key. In consequence of this convention, the coast ; andthat, with a view to the in
printing presses have been established at struction of young officers, the vessels em
Constantinople, under the direction of an ployed in the survey are to be wholly man
Italian. Several works in Italian, French, ned by them .
and Latin , have already been printed. The emigration from Europe, according
1.It appears, from more than one article, to the last American papers, was particular
that Czerny-Georges, formerly so well ly extensive in the last week of July. In
known as the leader of the Servians in their thisshort interval, there had arrived at New
resistanceto Turkey , has been put to death York , from England , 649 persons Ire .
by the Governor of Belgrade. The pre- land,581 — Scotland, 137 — Wales, 51 - and
tence for this action is differently stated b, ut France, 31 ; making, in the whole, with
there can be little doubt that the motive was additions from other situations, 2285 emi
criminal. Czerny -Georges had lately lived grants. The Dutch ship , Johanna , alone,
in retirement. The Servians, however,who had 477 emigrants from Amsterdam , fifty
did not yet patiently bear the Turkish yoke, of whom perished on the passage. General
might be supposed desirous of calling him Vandamme and his brother officers have
intoaction ; his death was evidently wished been treated with great civility at Philadel
by the Turkish government, for his head phia.
has been sent to Constantinople, together Joseph Bonaparte has purchased of S.
with those of two ofhis friends, one of them Sayer,Esq. formerly Sheriff
an Archimandrite of the Greek Church . wn,
of London ,his
elegant seat at Bordento on the Jersey
A famous leader of pirates,named Catra- sideof theDelaware, which he is rebuild
matto,who was conveyed to Constantinople ing in the Italian style. His income is a
in the beginning of May,fromNegropont, bout £6000 perannum; andhe passes his
in a Turkish brig, has been hung by order time chiefly in his library, and in retire
of the government of Galata, and six or ment.
seven sailors suffered at the same time, as an
example to deter others from the like of. BRITISH AMERICA.
fences. As Catramatto was a native of the
Ionian Islands, and no English interpreter DistressingFire at Newfoundland. On
attended at the trial, the circumstance of Wednesday, the 18th August, between ele ,
his condemnation has given rise to some ex- ven and twelve A. M. a most destructive
planatory interviews between the British fire broke out at Carbonear, on the premises
Minister and the agents of the Sublime occupied by a person named Barry : the
Porte . wind blew a heavy gale from the westward ,
Eleven pirates were lately executed at which scattered the flaming fragments like
a shower over the town . The Methodist
Constantinople in the following manner :
They began by hanging one before the Chapel (nearly half a mile from the spot
shops of the market, and left him exposed where it commenced ) was in a few moments
three days, after which they hanged à se- totally consumed, from some of the burning
Vol. 1 . 40
650 Register . - Foreign Intelligence. [ Sept.
matter alighting amongst shavings in the a garrison of 150 men , he marched for New
churchyard. The Parsonage-house provi- St Andero , where he established hishead
dentiallyescaped. From the chapel the fire quarters, and collected a force of2000 rank
was carried half a mile further, and de- and file. The inhabitants received him with
stroyed a house inhabited by Thomas Clark , acclamations and ringing of bells. Six
at Croker's cove. In the mean time , fifteen thousand horses had been brought in. He
houses in town were totally destroyed. mustered the whole of his force , and on the
Accounts from Quebec, of the first Au- 24th and 26th May marched in two divi
gust, mention , that nineteen vessels had sions to attack a body of royalists posted in
arrived from the United Kingdom , having the vicinity of St Andero. The battle was
on board 1267 settlers, besides other pas- expected to take place on the 28th , and vic
sengers. This number, it was said , will tory was confidently anticipated. Two com
nearly complete 3000, received at this for- panies of the royal army are said to have
tress in the course of the season . It is the deserted, and to have joined Mina, with
project to settle the Eastern townships in their arms and accoutrements.
preference to any other part of the two pro- On the other hand, it is stated from New
vinces. York , that a General Ferrand had gone
A Halifax paper observes, there are ad- over to the army of the royalists with 2000
vertisements in the Irish and Scotch papers men , having first obtained the king's par.
stating, that vessels for the Islands in the don ; and the Madrid papers boast, that
Gulf of St Lawrence, Nova Scotia, and Mina is reduced to the greatest extremities,
Halifax, would convey passengers to Cana- his troops deserting him daily , and his re
da ; that the ports such vessels are bound to treat by sea cut off. In short, that the flame
are on the high road to the place they wish of insurrection in Mexico is just on the
to arrive at ; while every well- informed point of being finally extinguished.
person knows, that to come from Halifax, The intelligence from Chili is important.
St John's, Pictou, Prince Edward's Island , It is confidently asserted that the royalists
& c. to Quebec, will cost as much as to come retain no place in that province , and that
from Britain or Ireland direct. the patriot forceswere pressing forward to
Peru . A letter from Madrid,published in
PORTUGUESE AMERICA .
the Dutch papers, states that the cityof
Accounts from the Brazils, to the end of Cusco, in Peru , is already in their hands,
June, mention the death of the Count de and that they were threatening Lima. A
Barca, and the appointment of the follow . military academy for fifty cadets ( patriots )
ing newadministration :— Thomas Antho had been established at Chili ; and many of
nio de Villa Nova, Prime Minister ; Count the Chilian patriots, who were banished" by
Palmella, now Ambassador at the Court of the royalists to Juan Fernandez, had been
London , Minister for the Foreign and War brought back in triumph by the insurgent
Department ; Count Dos Arcos (Governor troops to St Jago.
of Bahia ), Minister of Marine ; M. Bezer- In the beginning of August, a vessel sail.
ro, the Department of the Treasury. It is ed from Portsmouth for St Thomas's, with
reported that the new ministry are to push
10,000 stand of arms, 10,000 muskets , and
the operations on the Rio la Plata with 10,000 cutlasses on board ; and also about
more vigour than was at any time displayed
100 British officers, volunteers, to join the
by their predecessors; and there are suffi-
independent cause in South America. The
cient grounds for believing, to make their
Spanish Minister in London complained of
operations successful, that vigour cannot be
exerted too soon
this to Lord Castlereagh, who told him
. that no law existed for preventing British
The letters from Pernambuco are to the officers on half-pay, from leaving the king
26th June, and state, that although every dom , or throwing up their commissions.
thing continued tranquil, trade was still in
The Ambassador replied, that if they were
a deranged state. The property of those taken in Company with the rebels, they
engaged in the late insurrection has been must expect to meet with their fate. To
confiscated .
this observation Lord Castlereagh had no
thing to reply, except that the British offi
SPANISH AMERICA . cers so circumstanced must abide by the
The latest advices which the American consequences.
papers contain respecting General MÓGre
gor's expedition , are of the 24th of July, WEST INDIES :
from Amelia Island. At that period his A memorial has been presented by the
force amounted to only300 men, and he merchants ofJamaica to the Board of Trade,
wasstrengthening himselfin expectation of in which they beg foran efficient protection
furtherreinforcements. It is supposedthat of their trade with South America. The
he wouldmeet withconsiderable opposition great value of this trade may be estimated
in East Florida, and particularly at St Au- by the fact here stated, that British manu
gustine. factures to the value of ten millions sterling
Advices had reached New Orleans, from have been already disposed of. If such is
Mina's followers, to the 27th May. Have the extent of the commerce already estab
ing fortified Soto la Marina, and left there lished, in spite of the disordered state of
 Register. Foreign Intelligence. 651
1817.]
the people, and where the produc tions ror
of that theEmpe of China has sent a letter
this country are so little known , what an to the Prince Regent, requiring that no
increase must take place under more favour- more embassies be sent to the « Celestial
able circumstances ! The memorialists, af- Empire.” The Anti-English party at the
ter pointing out the value of the communi. Chinese court is reported in the sameletters
provinces,
can interrupted to have been restored to the Emperor's fa
cation that
state, beenAmeri
South
with itthehas much vour, notwithstanding his severe edict of
by the insurgent privateers, and mention censure against them.
theirapprehensionsfrom “ large brigs from
the United States, well armedand manned
with enterprising men,” who, it seems, AFRICA.
have gone round Cape Horn .
Byasa the
date letter from
11th July, Kitt's
St we of that
learn the facea
so recent EXPEDITION TO THE NIGER .
of that island has been entirely scorched , We regret to learn the death of Captain
not a shower of rain having fallen there for Campbell, the able commander of this uni
fortunate expedition to explore the interior
eight months ! and only half crops are ex of Africa . A letter from Sierra Leone, of
pected next year. June 30, states, that intelligence of the loss
Bermuda gazettes, of the 25th June, had arrived at that place afew days before.
state, that an infectious disease, which had
Captain Campbell was reported to havedied
made its appearance at Antiguaand Grenada,
had entirely subsided; and the intercourse of a broken heart, and the expedition was
between these islands and Bermuda was expected to return . The second naval offi
cer in command, who had been left at
consequently restored . Sierra Leone on account of ill health , but
Port-au - Prince, June 28.- On the 19th was recovered , and on his way to
instant, join the
ment thelarge
on the magazine
borders in thewas
of the town intrench
struck expedition , returned to Sierra Leone on
with lightning and exploded. It contain- hearing of Captain Campbell's death , to
consult the governor upon the future con
ed 108,000ʻlibs. of gunpowder, and, as you duct of the expedition. A despatch was
may suppose, has done much damage to immediat ely sent home to Lord Bathurst.
the neighbourhood.
Last evening Fort Bisseton was blown up ALGIERS.
by the Commandant of that port, in a fit of The plague has been for some time raging
intoxicat ion and
posed injury him in
doneanger, byrevenge sup
his asupe-
one of for along the Barbary coast, having been intro
riors. It contained about 28,000 libs. of duced into Algiers, on the 15th July, bya
caravan of Moors returning from Mecca,
gunpowder ; the officer was the only person and who afterwards proceeded over land to
killed . Morocco . The religion of the natives not
allowing them to take any precautions to
ASIA . avoid infection , the disease is allowed to
spread its ravages throughout the country.
EAST INDIES .
Every necessary measure was instantly
Accounts from Bombay, of the 16th adoptedintheopposite European ports to
March, state, that the trade to the Persian prevent its introduction ; and Gíbraltar,
Gulf hasbeen most dreadfullyannoyed for and the other parts of Spain most exposed
a length of time by the Jooffmel pirates, to the danger of infection, are in conse
who had no less than forty cruizers at sea . quence yet free from the contagion .
On the 6th January , three of them attacked
and captured , after a smart action , the ST HELENA.
Deriah, Doulut, belonging to the East The Cæsar, which lately brought home
India Company. Seventeen of the crew Lord Amherst and his suite from Batavia ,
were murdered , eight detained as prisoners, in consequence of the loss of the Alceste
and the remainder , who were wounded , frigate, is the bearer of the latest intelli
were landed to the westward of Bombay. gence from St Helena, relative to the health
The pirates were armed with six nine and manner of living of the Ex -Emperor of
pounders, and carried from 100 to 200 men. France. The Cæsar having occasion to
The Union , Captain Barker, is stated to touch at St Helena, Lord Amherst ex
have been wrecked about fifteen months pressed a desire to be introduced to Bona
previousto the above date,neartheisland parte, and , together with Captain Max
of Engano. The captain, three officers, and well and MrLynn,surgeon of the Alceste,
47 men , had reached the island, where they was allowedto wait upon him . On the 3d
were stripped and detained prisoners : ore July Lord Amherst was ushered into his
ofthem ,a native of Batavia, had escaped, presence atLongwood, whilst Captain Max
and brought the above intelligence. well and the surgeon waited in an anti
chamber. It was not long before those
CHINA . officers were desired to join .
Letters are said to be received from Can . There was nothing in the appearance of
ton , dated on the 8th of March , which state, Bonaparte which in the least indicated ill
652 Register .-- Proceedings of Parliament. ( Sept.
health ; on the contrary , he looked well, istence which gave the powers of Europe
and less bloated than ordinary. With his the right of detaining him a prisoner on the
general precision, Bonaparte inquired of the island of St Helena, or elsewhere, and
officers what stations they filled on board of strongly urged the propriety of his present
ship. On learning Mr Lynn was the sur . situation being taken into consideration by
geon, he inquiredwhat system of pharmacy the crowned heads of Europe.
he pursued ? That depends upon circum- Bonaparte expressed an anxious wish that
stances,” replied the surgeon . “ I hope,” Lord Amherst would be the bearer of a
rejoined the General, “ it is anyother than letter from him to the Prince Regent, which
that practised on this island ; for here we had been prepared for some time. His
have the same thing over and over again Lordship undertook the trust, which we
bleeding and calomel for ever." believe he has faithfully executed ; but it is
The conversation taking a turn on the understood no answer willbe returned to it.
mission of Lord Amherst to China, his The Ex -Emperor had lately received a
Lordship related the cause of its failure, bust of his son, which afforded him much
which he ascribedto the necessity imposed evident satisfaction. It was given in charge
upon him by the Emperor of smiting the to a sailor of the ship Baring ( it is be
ground nine times with his forehead ; an lieved ), who, upon his arrival at the island ,
indignity which his Lordship intimated was to concert the most prudent means of
could not be submitted to. Bonaparte im- conveying it to its destination. The man
mediately replied, “ Indeed ! now had it became dangerously ill before the opportu
suited my policy to send an ambassador all nity of executing his secret commission pre
the way to theEmperor of China, I would sented itself ; and sending for his com
have instructed him to kiss his great toe, manding officer, he revealed the circum
and if that would not do, he might, if re stance to him . The bust was thereupon
quired, have saluted a more offensive part, sent to Sir Hudson Lowe, who, though
provided my object was attained .” Bona- Bonaparte had long refused to be on terms
parte protestedstrongly against his imprison- of even courteous civility with him , instantly
ment. He said he knew of no law in ex- caused it to be conveyed to him .

PROCEEDINGS OF PARLIAMENT.
HOUSE OF LORDS. the Message was ordered to be taken into
Tuesday, June 3.- The Commons came consideration on Thursday.
up at half past three o'clock , with the Right Lord SIDMOUTH delivered the following
Hon. Charles Manners Sutton, the Speaker, Message from the Prince Regent:
to be presented for the Royal approbation. " G. P. R.
The new Speaker advanced close to the “ His Royal Highness the Prince Regent,
bar, when the Lord CHANCELLOR declared acting in the name and on the behalf of his
his Royal Highness's approbation in the Majesty , has given orders to lay before the
usual form . House of Lords, papers containing informa
THE LATE SPEAKER - ROYAL MESSAGE . tion of the continuance of those practices,
The Earl of LIVERPOOL presented a meetings, and combinations, to which his
Message from his RoyalHighness the Prince Royal Highness thought it proper to call
Regent, which was read by the Lord CHAN- the attention of the House of Lords at the
CELLOR, and was as follows : commencement of the present Session of Par
“ G. P. R. liament, and shewing that these practices
“ His Royal Highness the Prince Regent, are still carried on indifferent parts of the
acting in the nameand on the behalf of his country, in a manner and to an extent cal
Majesty , thinks it proper to inform the culated to disturb the public tranquillity,
House of Lords, that having taken into his and to endanger the security of the consti
consideration the circumstance under which tutional establishments of the empire. His
the Right Hon. Charles Abbot has retired Royal Highress recommends to the House
from the situation of Speaker of the House of Lords to take this message into its imme
of Commons, and the arduous and eventful diate and serious consideration . "
period during which he has performed the The Message produced a long debate, at
duties of Speaker, has conferred upon him the conclusion of which , the motion forthe
- the dignity of a Baron , by the style and dig- Committee, as proposed by Ministers, con
nity of Lord Colchester of Colchester, in the ' sisting of the Members who composed the
county of Essex ; and his Royal Highness first Committee (with the exception of the
recommends to the House of Lords to con- Duke of Bedford , for whom was substituted
cur in making such provision for the said Earl Talbot) was agreed to .
Lord Colchester, and the heir male succeed .. June 5. The Earl of LAUDERDALE
ing him in the title, as under all the circum- presented a petition from the Lord Mayor
stances may appear just and reasonable. " and Livery of London, in Common Hallasa
On the motion of the Earl of LIVERPOOL, sembled , against the continuance of the Sus
1817.) Register. Proceedingsof Parliament. 653
pension of the Habeas Corpus Act. - Laid operated to expose the minds of thelabour ,
on the table. ing classes to irritation and perversion , yet
June 6 .- Lord HOLLAND presented the this distress, in their opinion , has been ra
petition of the Lord Mayor, Aldermen , and ther the instrument than the cause of the
Common Council of London, against the disaffection . In some of the disaffected dis
further continuation of the Habeas Corpus tricts , they believed that distress had been
Suspension Act. less felt than in many other parts of the
TRAITOROUS PRACTICES. kingdom ; while in other places, where the
Thursday, June 12. – The Earl of LIVER- distress has been most grievous, it has been
POOL laid on the table a green bag, con- sustained with such patience, loyalty, and
taining farther information on the subject good conduct, as cannot be too highly com
of traitorous practices. The papers were re- mended ; and the Committee think , that it
ferred to the Secret Committee . is chiefly by the means mentioned in the
REPORT OF THE SECRET COMMITTEE. report of the former Committee, namely,
The Earl of LIVERPOOL presented the by the extensive circulation of seditious and
report. blasphemous publications, and bythe con
“ By the Lords' Committee appointed to tinual repetition of inflammatory discourses,
take into consideration several papers, seals that thisspirit ofdisaffection has been ex
ed up in a bag, & c . and to report to the cited and diffused . These have gradually
House, & c. weakened, among the lower orders, the at
“ The report begins by stating, that the tachment to our Government and Constitu
Committee, after an examination of the tion, and the respect for law, morality , and
papers referred to them , feel it their painful religion ; and their minds have thus been
duty to declare, that they see but too many prepared for the adoption of measures no
proofs of a traitorous conspiracy to overthrow less injurious to their interests and happi
the Government and the Constitution, and ness, than to those of every other classof
to subvert the existing order of society. his Majesty's subjects . ”
“ Thereport then praises the active ex- The report then proceeds to detail the cir
ertions of the Government, and particularly cumstances relating to Manchester, York
of the Magistrates in the execution of the shire, and Derbyshire, and includes the tu .
general laws, and of the special powers en- multuarytransactions of Nottingham , Shef
trusted to them by the new Acts of Parlia. field, and Birmingham ; stating, however,
ment; but the Committee assert, that that the assemblies have been dispersed , the
though the plans of the conspirators have mischief prevented , conspiracies detected ,
been thus frustrated, yet, in spite of all this, and disaffection defeated. The report con .
the same wicked and desperate designs are cludes with observing, that the time is not
still pursued. yet arrived when the maintenance of public
“ TheCommittee then observe, that their tranquillity and the protection of the lives
intelligence rests, in many of its parts, upon and property of his Majesty's subjects, can
the testimony of personswho areeither them . be allowedto
rs
depend upon the ordinary
selves implicated in these criminal transac powe of the law. "
tions, or who have apparently engaged in On the motion ofthe Earl of LIVERPOOL,
them for the purpose of obtaining informa- the report was ordered to be printed.
tion , and imparting it to the Magistrates or HABEAS CORPUS SUSPENSION
the Secretary of State. June 13.- Lord SIDMOUTH . - The re.
" The Committee allow , that such testi- port of the Secret Committee being now on
mony must be very questionable ; and your Lordships' table, I present to your
state, that they have reason to apprehend , Lordships a bill for the continuation of the
that the language and conduct of some of measure called the Suspension of the Habeas
the latter description of witnesses has had Corpus Act ; and in presenting this Bill, I
the effect ofencouraging those designs, which beg leave to assure your Lordships, that I
it was intended they should only be the do it under the fullest and deepest convic
means of detecting. But allowing for these tion of the urgent necessity that it should
circumstances, the Committee are still of pass into a law .
opinion, that the statement which they pro- Earl GREY could not suffer this occasion
ceed to give is by no means exaggerated, to pass, without declaring, that from all he
but perfectly warranted by the papers sub- had heard, and all he had seen, he enter
mitted to their inspection. tained the strongest conviction that there
“ It proceeds to state, that the papers re- was no necessity for this measure .
late, almost without exception, to themanu- The Bill was read a first time, and order
facturing districts in the midland and ed to be printed.
northern counties ; and although the disaf- Monday, June 16.- The order of the
fected still look to the metropolis with the day being read for the second reading of the
hope of assistance and direction, yet to the Bill for continuing the Suspension of the
districts thus referred to the more recent Habeas Corpus Act, a very long and inter
projects of insurrection were to have been esting debate ensued, at the close of which
confined . the House divided. Content 109_Proxies
" . The Committee then state , that al. 81–190 :-Non -content 21 - Proxies 23
though in many of these districts distress has 50 :---Majority 140.
 654 Register.Proceedings of Parliament. ( Sept.
June 17.- The Edinburgh Canal Bill clauses of the bill, and pointed out various
was read a second time, andordered to be parts which required amendments, in order
committed . to render more clear what he supposed to
June 18.- On the motion of Lord Sid. have been the intention of the framers of
MOUTH, the Habeas Corpus Suspension the measure. He also stated , that he meant
Bill was reported , ordered to be engrossed, to propose some new clauses. One clause
and to be read a third time to -morrow , and in the billheparticularly objected to , name
the Lords to be summoned . ly, that which authorises persons to receive
HABEAS CORPUS SUSPENSION . allowances from their parishes, notwith
June 19.—Lord SIDMOUTH having mov- standing they may have money to a certain
ed the third reading of this Bill, the amount in their saving banks. This was
Duke of BedFORD said, he could not to encourage that sort of spirit which induc
suffer the bill to proceed, without doing all ed beggars to sew up money in their old
in his humble power to prevent its passing clothes, where it was found after their deaths,
Our room will notpermit us to name the but from which they never derived any be
heads even of his Grace's arguments, or of nefit during their lives. This clause he
those Noble Lords who succeeded him ; but thought ought to be expunged. The a.
in animadverting on the manner in which mendments were then moved and agreed to
Government spies had driven many mis- pro forma.
guided persons into treasonable acts, the Monday, June 30.—The amendment
Duke stated it as a fact, that a quondam made in the House of Commons to the
jacobin at Norwich, who had published a Habeas Corpus Act Suspension Bill, limit
blasphemous parody twenty -five years ago, ing its duration to the 1st of March , was
having now turned spy, and being in the agreed to without a division.
pay of Government, has secretly republish- July 2. — Lord ERSKINE presented a pe
ed his own work , and sent it tohis employ. tition from certain persons, whose names
ers, as a testimony of the irreligious habits were signed to it, praying the abolition of
of those among whom he lives ! the practice of chimney-sweeping by means
The Earls of Donoughmore and Essex, of climbing -boys. The petition was laid
Lord St John, the Marquis of Wellesley, on the table .
and Lord Holland , also opposed the third July 3.- Lord Colchester was introduced
reading of the bill, grounding their objec- by Lords Redesdale and Dynevor, and took
tions to it on the conviction that the laws the oaths and his seat.
were sufficiently strong to repel disaffection In answer to
a question from Lord
without so arbitrary a measure ; that so fre- MONTFORD relativeto the conspiracy of
quent a suspension of the liberties of the Brock, Pelham , & c. (who observed it was
people would end in despotism ; that al- understood that the Royal pardon had been
though they knew seditious and designing extended to them ), Lord SIDMOUTH said ,
men had endeavoured to draw many of the the state of the case was this, that these per
lower classes from their allegiance, yet they sons were still under sentence of death,but
had only succeeded through the poverty and that the execution had been respited. If it
distress of their victims ;and that a mild should turn out that these persons could
andconciliatory policy ought to be adopted not, from a defect in the law, be brought to
by Ministers, instead of despatching spies punishment, care would be taken that the
through the country , not to check but to law should be mended in that respect. He
promote - not to control, but to instigate did not mean by any means to say, how
and inflame - not to diminish the growth of ever, that these persons might not still be
crime, but to cultivate and cherish it ; to punished ; but at present the state of the
bring it to its utmost height and perfection , case was as he had mentioned -- that they
and to afford Ministers an abundant crop of were still under sentence of death , but that
justice and punishment. the execution had been respited.
The Earls of Westmoreland , Limerick, POOR LAWS .
and Harrowby, Marquis Camden , and Lord July 11.-- The Earl of HARDWICKE
Somers, defended the conduct of Ministers, presented a Report from the Committee which
and the measure in question , declaring their had been appointed to consider the state of
solemn conviction of its necessity, as a mea the Poor Laws. The report, his Lordship
sure of preventive justice- they disavowed said, would soon be printed ; and he hoped
any improper tampering with spies, denied that their Lordships would maturely consi
the truth of the imputations against Oliver, der it, and endeavour to procure as much
and requested the House to suspend its additional information as possible on the
judgment on his case . After continuing in subject of the Poor Laws during the recess.
debate till half-past two, a division took PROROGATION OF PARLIAMENT.
place, and the bill passed, by 141 against Saturday, July 12.– This being the day
37. appointed for the prorogation of Parliament,
The Edinburgh and Glasgow Union Canal this House, as is usual on such occasions ,
Bill was read a third time, and passed. was crowded to excess at any early hour,
The House resolved into a Committee on both within and without the bar.
the Saving Banks Bill. At two o'clock the Lord Chancellor took
Lord REDESDALE went over the different his seat on the woolsack, and in half an
1817.) Register .-- Proceedings of Parliament. 653
hour the discharge of 21 guns announced and expenditure of the country. It has
the arrival of his Royal Highness the Prince given me sincere pleasure, tofindthat you
Regent, who, after the usual formalities in have been enabled to provide for every
the Robing Chamber, entered the House, branch of the public service without any
and took his seat near the throne. addition to the burdens ofthe people. The
Shortly afterwards the Speaker of the state of public credit affords a decisive proof
House of Commons, very numerously at- of the wisdom and expediency , under all
tended by the members of that House, enter- the present circumstances, of those financial
ed the House, and advanced to the bar ; the arrangements which you have adopted. I
Usher of the Black Rod being on his right, have every reason to believe, thatthe de
and the Serjeant at Arms on his left. ficiency in the revenue is, in a degree, to
The SPEAKER then addressed his Royal be ascribed to the unfavourable state of the
Highness in a short speech, in which he last season , and I look forward with san
took a review of the business of the Session ; guine expectations to its gradual improve
and, in conclusion , presented to his Royal ment.
Highness, a bill, entitled , “ An act for “ My Lords and Gentlemen ,
applying certain monies therein mentioned “ The measures which were in progress at
for the service of the year 1817 ; and for the commencement of the Session, for the
farther appropriating the supplies granted issue of a new Silver Coinage, have been
in this session of Parliament. carried into execution in a manner which
At the conclusion of this speech the Lord has given universal satisfaction ; and, to
Chancellor received the bill, to which the complete the system which has been sanc
Royal Assent was given. tioned by Parliament, a Gold Coinage of a
His Royal Highness the Prince Regent new denomination has been provided for the
then read his speech, of which the follow- convenience of the public I continue to
ing is a copy : receive from foreign Powers the strongest
“ My Lords and Gentlemen, assurances of their friendly disposition to
“ I cannot close this session of Parliament, wards this country, and of their desire to
without renewing my expressions of deep preserve the general tranquillity. The pros
regret at the continuance of his Majesty's pect of an abundant harvest throughout a
lamented indisposition. The diligence with considerable part of the Continent, is in the
which you have applied yourselves to the highest degree satisfactory. This happy
consideration of the different objects which dispensation of Providence cannot fail to
I recommended to your attention at the mitigate, if not wholly to remove, that
commencement of the Session , demands my pressure under which so many of the nations
warmest acknowledgments ; and I have no of Europe have been suffering in the course
doubt, that the favourable change which is of last year ; and I trust that we may look
happily taking place in our internal situa- forward , in consequence , to an improveme
tion , is to be mainly ascribed to the salutary in the commercial relations of this and nt of
measures which you have adopted for pre- all other countries. I cannot allow you to
serving the public tranquillity , and to your separate without recommending to you, that
ready adherence to those principles by which
upon your return to your several counties,
the constitution, resources, and credit of the
you should use your utmost endeavours to
country , have beenhitherto preserved and defeat all attempts to corrupt and mislead
maintained. Notwithstanding the arts and the lower classes of the community ; and
industry which have been too successfully that you should lose no opportunity of in
exerted in some parts of the country to culcating amongst them that spirit of con :
alienate the affections of his Majesty's sub- cord and obedience to the laws, which is not
jects, and to stimulate them to acts of vio- less essential to their happiness as indivi.
lence and insurrection , I have had the duals , than it is indispensable to the general
satisfaction of receiving the most decisive welfare and prosperity of the kingdom .”
proofs of the loyalty and public spirit of the The Lord Chancellor then read the com .
great body of the people ; and the patience mission for proroguing the Parliament till
with which they have sustained the most the 25th of August next.
severe temporary distress, cannot be too His Royal Highness now withdrew , and
highly commended . I am fully sensible of the Commons retired from the bar.
the confidence which you have manifested
towards me, by the extraordinary powers
HOUSE OF COMMONS.
which you have placed in my hands : the ELECTION OF A SPEAKER.
necessity which has called for them is to
me matter of deep regret; and you may Monday, June 2.-By four o'clock the
rely on my making a temperate but effec- House was crowded to excess.
tual use of them , for the protection and se- Lord CASTLEREAGH then rose, and de
curity of Majesty's loyal subjects. livered the following Message from the
“ Gentlemen ofthe House of Commons, Prince Regent :
“ I thank you for the supplies which you “ I have it in command from his Royal
have granted to me ; and for the laborious Highness the Prince Regent to acquaint the
investigation which, at my recommendation , House, that your late Speaker having com
you have made into the state of the income municated to his Royal Highness his inabi.
656 Register.-Proceedings ofParliament. [ Sept.
lity , from indisposition, longer to fill the which were ordered to be brought up and
Chair, and informed him of his resignation , laid on the table.
his Royal Highness, desirous that public A long discussion then took place , which
business should suffer as short an interrup- closed with the nomination of the old Com .
tion as possible, has been pleased to take the mittee to examineand report on thesaid
earliest opportunity of communicating this papers. After a division, for the old Com
event to the House, and of conveying his mittee 126 ; against it 66 ; majority for
pleasure that the House do immediately pro . Ministers 60.
ceed to the election of a new Speaker." GRANT TO THE SPEAKER .
Mr Manners Sutton was proposed by Sir Monday , June 9. - The House, on the
J. Nicholl, and seconded by Mr Littleton . motion of the CHANCELLOR of the Ex
Mr C. W. Williams Wynn was nominat. CHEQUER, resolved itself into a Committee
ed byMr Dickinson, and seconded by Sir on the Prince Regent's answer to the Ad
M. W. Ridley. dress of Thursday, when the Right Hon .
The House divided ; when there appear. Gentleman made a long eulogium on the
late Speaker's merits, and concluded with
ed , for the former 312 ; for the latter 152 ;
majority for Mr Manners Sutton 160. proposing a grant of £ 4000 a - year for the
LONDON COMMON COUNCIL PETITION. lifeof that gentleman , and £ 3000 to his
June 3.— The Sheriffs of London appear. heir for one generation ; which, after some
ed at the bar, and presented the petition conversation , was agreed to.
lately passed at a meeting of the Common The second reading of the Bill for legal
Council against the farther Suspension of the izing the sale of Game being strongly op
Habeas Corpus Act. posed, on thequestion being put, the same
The petition was read, and, on the mo. was negatived, and it was ordered to be read
tion of Sir W. Curtis, was ordered to lie on that day six months.
the table . COMMITTEE OF SUPPLY.
MESSAGE FROM THE CROWN. The House resolved itself into a Com .
Lord CASTLEREAGH appeared at thebar mittee of Supply , when the Barrack. Esti
with a message from the Prince Regent, mates, &c. were taken into consideration.
which was ordered to be brought up and Mr WARD said he would move the dif .
read . It was similar to that presented to ferent Sums, and was ready to answer any
the Peers the same day on the state of the questions that might be asked. The sums
country , and was ordered to be taken into required this year were, with the exception
consideration on Thursday next. of those for Ireland, one half less than the
THE LATE SPEAKER . corresponding sums oflast year.
Lord CASTLEREAGH then brought up a After some observations upon the various
second message from the Crown, in which items, the House resumed , and the resolu
the Prince Regent informed the House that tions were ordered tobe reported to -morrow .
he had thought proper to raise their late June 10. - General THORNTON obtained
Speaker to the dignity of the peerage, by leave to bring in a bill to abolish the public
the style and title of Baron Colchester of whipping of women.
Colchester in Essex. His Royal Highness On the resolutions for giving a pension of
therefore recommended it to the House, to £ 4000 to the late Speaker, an amendment
enable him to make such provision for his was proposed , to substitute £ 3000 for
Lordship and his next heir male as should £ 1000 ; but it was negatived, and a bill
appear to the House just and reasonable. was ordered to be brought in pursuant to
Mr Wynn, and several other Members, to the resolution .
contended that this measure ought to have COMMITTALS BY THE SECRETARY OF

originated in the House of Commons, where STATE.

thelabours of the late Speaker could be best June 11.-Lord FOLKSTONE , consider
appreciated ; and, after considerable discus- ing the probability that the House would
sion, it was atoflength
consideration agreed to postpone the shortly be called on to discuss the propriety
the message. ofa farther suspension of theliberties of the
Junc 5.- Sir J. Shaw presented the pe- subject, thought that it was highly import
tition of the Livery ofLondon, lately passed ant that, previous to that discussion, the
at the Common Hall, against any farther House should be furnished with certain re
Suspension of the Habeas Corpus Act. turns connected with the imprisonments that
had already taken place. He therefore mov
Read , and ordered to lie on the table.
Lord CASTLEREAGH moved the thanks ed, “ That an humble address be presented
of the House to the late Speaker, for the to his Royal Highness the Prince Regent,
zealand abilitywith which he had discharg- praying alist of allthenames of persons con
ed the duties of that high office ; which was fined by warrant of either of the Secretaries
agreed to nem . con . of State, or six ofthe Privy Council ( under
An Address was also voted to the Prince an Act, enabling his Majesty to apprehend
Regent, praying his Royal Highness to con- such persons as he might suspect to be dis
fer some signal mark of his favour on the affected to his Majesty's Government), with
Right Hon . Charles Abbot. a specification of the names, ages, trades or
Lord CASTLEREAGH appeared at the bar occupations, places of arrest, and detention
with a green bag, containing several papers, of the parties committed .”
1917.) Register. Proceedings of Parliament. 657

After some observations from Mr Adding THE BUDGBT .

ton and Sir Francis Burdett, Mr CANNING The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER
moved an amendment to the Noble Lord's moved that the order of the day be read for
motion , “ That a return should be made of going into a Committee on the State of the
the numbers, ages, times, and places of con- Finances ; and the House resolved itself in
finement of persons committed under war- to a Committee of Ways and Means. The
rants from the Secretary of State.” whole of the supplies wanted for the year
The House divided ; for the amendment were stated at £ 22,137,808 , and the total
104 to 53. of the ways and means practicable by
June 12. - Lord A. HAMILTON obtain the ordinary modes of finance amounted
ed leave to bring ina Bill to repealsomuch only to £ 9,541,537. There therefore re
mained a deficit of £ 12,600,000 , to be
of the 43d of the King as relates to the tax
on houses in Scotland not having more thanraised by Exchequer bills. By the method
four windows, paying a rent not exceeding proposed, the Right Hon . Gentleman ob
£ 3 annually . served , that the public would be subjected
The Miscellaneous Services, on the mo- to no new charge whatever ; and he con
tion of Mr ARBUTHNOT, were referred to cluded by moving a resolution for the issue
a Committee of Supply ; when £ 10,000 was of Exchequer bills. After some debate, the
voted for the college of Edinburgh. resolutions were read ; and the House have
Monday, June 16.- The House resolved ing resumed , the report was ordered to be
itself into a Committee of Supply , when it received on Tuesday .
was moved, that the sum of £ 1,400,000 Monday , June 23.- LordCASTLEREAGH
should be granted to his Majesty for the moved the first reading of the bill for sus
miscellaneous services of the army. pending the Habeas Corpus Act.
SPIES AND INFORMERS . This gave rise to a debate of great
Mr BENNET immediately rose, and length. When at last the House divided,
wished to ask the Noble Lord (Castlereagh ) there appeared, for the question 276 ; a .
whether Mr Reynolds, of infamous mem- gainst it 111 ; majority 165.
ory, was appointed consul-general to Malta ? June 24. - Lord CASTLEREAGH noved
( Hear, hear, hear ! ) the second reading of the Habeas Corpus
Lord CASTLEREAGH did not know why Suspension Bill.
that question was put to him in these terms. After a short debate, the House divided :
He believed that several juries had given for the second reading 80 ; against it 30 ;
credit to Mr Reynolds' testimony , and he majority 50 .
did not understand why the Hon . Member On the motion of Mr BENNET , a bill to
should attach infamy to Mr Reynolds' cha- prohibit the sweeping of chimnies by means
racter , unless it rendered a man infamous of climbing -boyswas read a first time.
to be instrumental in the discovery of trea- Sir FRANCIS BURDETT presented a pe
sonable practices . tition from Mr Wooler, the proprietor of
After a good deal more of angry discus- the Black Dwarf, complaining of the mode
sion, the subject was dropped . The resolu- in which the verdict of the Jury in his case
tions were then agreed to, the House re- had been taken by Mr Justice Abbot, and
sumed , and the report was ordered to be of oppression on the part of the Attorney
received to -morrow . General, in not having granted him , pre
June 17.- In a Committee of Supply , vious to his trial, a copy of the informa
the House voted £ 300,000 for expenses not tions, and in hurrying on the trial of the
included in the civil list ; £ 300,000 for second information while he was wearied
army extraordinaries ; £ 300,000 for the from his defence on the first .
army in Ireland ; and £ 25,000 for the In- The ATTORNEY GENERAL denied the
verness canal. allegations as far as he was personally con
June 19. - Sir EGERTON BRYDGES cerned , and contended, that the petitioner
moved for leave to bring in a bill to alter had been treated with the greatestleniency,
the law of Anne, which gave universities in granting him a new trial. He also stat
a right to eleven copies of all books gratis ; ed , that he had offered Mr Wooler his dis
his object was to make the universities pay charge on his own recognizance. After a
half price for such books. The motion was desultory discussion , the petition was laid
lost by one only - 58 to 57. on the table.
REPORT OF THE SELECT COMMITTEE . SUSPENSION OF THE HABEAS CORPUS
June 20.On the motion of Mr BRAGGE ACT.
BATHURST , the report was ordered to be Lord CASTLEREAGII moved that the
read . It was in substance similar to the House resolve itself into a Committee on
report of the Lords' Committee ; and con- the Suspension Bill.
cluded by recommending the same powers Mr GURNEY voted for the firstSuspension ,
to be confided to Government for the fur . but objected to a renewal of the measure.
ther and final suppression of the mischief Sir John NEWPORT moved , that as
thatmay be otherwise apprehended. The the bill was to continue till the next Session
reading being finished , Mr Bragge Bathurst of Parliament, its duration should be fixed
moved that the report do lie on the table. and limited to the first of December next.
The report was ordered to lie on the table. On this the Committee divided ; for the
VOL . I. 4 P
 658 Register . - British Chronicle . ( Sept.
amendment 45 ; against it 78 ; majority
33.
proving of the clause which allowed those
who had money deposited in such institu
After some further discussion , the House tions to derive aid from parish funds, was
divided upon the question , whether the act passed .
should extend to Scotland ? Ayes 129– PUBLIC EDUCATION .
noes 48 . Mr BROUGHAM brought up the report
June 27.-The third reading of the of the Committee on General Education ;
Habeas Corpus Suspension Bill was then it contained a description of many enormous
moved , which produced a most animated abuses attending the management and ap
debate, in which several Members who had plication of charitable funds.
before voted for the measure took part a REPORT OF THE POLICE COMMITTEE.
gainst it. At the close of the debate , a di- July 8.-Mr BENNET presented another
vision took place on the third reading reportfrom the Committee appointed to in
Ayes 195 — noes 65. quire into the police of the metropolis.
The House also divided on the question , The present report embraced two subjects
whether the act for the suspension should ex- the policy of granting what was called
pire on the 1st of March , or on the 25th of blood-money, or rewards on conviction ; and
December , on the motion of Mr C. WYNN. the state of juvenile offenders.
The numbers against Mr C. Wynn's pro LUNATIC ASYLUMS.
position were 152 to 50 . Lord Binning brought in a bill to pro
Monday, June 30.— The House resolved vide asylums for the Lunatic Poor in Scot .
itself into a Committee of Supply, and Sir land ; but observed , that he did not intend
G. WARRENDER moved that a sum not to bring idiots within its operation . The
exceeding £ 1,332,311 : 13 : 2 , be granted bill was read a first time, and ordered to be
for defraying the expense of the ordinary printed ; when the Noble Lord stated, that
naval establishment for the period of seven mean propose any farther pro
he did not to
lunar months, commencing in June 1817 . ceeding upon it during this Session .
Mr ARBUTHNOT , among other items, Wednesday, July 9 .---Lord BIWNING
moved for a sum not exceeding £ 40,000, brought up the returns of Lunatics in Scot
for extraordinary charges of the mint, and land , the total number of whom was said
gold coinage. to be 4300 .
£ 3000 were granted for the Board of July 11.-Sir FRANCIS BURDETT pre
Agriculture ; £ 207,000 for disembodying sented a petition from John Knight, who
the militia in Great Britain, in the year had been kept in solitary confinement in
1817 ; and £ 154,251 for the same purpose Reading gaolformore than seventeen weeks,
in Ireland . and was now removed to another prison.
STATE OF NEWFOUNDLAND. The petition was read : it prayed to be
July 3.- Mr M. A. Taylor first ad- brought to trial, or to be transported out of
verted to a statement made on a former the country. It was ordered to lie on the
night, respecting the distressed state of the table.
inhabitants of Newfoundland , and now STATE OF THE NATION .
moved that the report on the subject be Mr BROUGHAM made his motion , which
read ; and after drawing a very afflicting stood for this day, on the state of the na
picture of the present condition of that tion . After an animated debate, in which
island, concluded by moving that the House Lord CASTLEREAGH repelled some charges
do resolve itself into a Committee, in applying to his former conduct in Ireland,
which he would propose that a bounty of a motion for an address to the Prince Re
2s. per quintal be given onall fish iinport- gent was put and negatived without a di .
ed from Newfoundland. The motion was vision .
negatived by 50 against 29. July 12.- The SPEAKER having return
Monday , July 7.- The English Savings ed from the House of Peers, read to the
Banks Bill, on the motion of Mr Rose , Members a copy of the Prince Regent's
was read a third time; and after an obser- speech, and the Members forth with separ
vation from General THORNTON, disap- ated .

BRITISH CHRONICLE.

JULY. also an arch , upon which both were found

26..Yesterday morning the jail of Ayred. Through the opening thus made, the
was again broken, and three of the prisoners prisoners dropped into the cellar where the
escaped. • They were confined in the very fire engines are kept, the lock on the door
rongest room of the prison, usually called of which they wrenched off, and so got to
a condemned cell. Nevertheless, by means the street. This is the third time within a
a single common mason's iron, they rais- twelvemonth this prison has been broken .
up one of the flags of the floor, broke an Extraordinary Circumstance. At, the
i grating on which the stone lay, and Stafford Assizes , on the 26th instant, two
1
 1817.] Register. - British Chronicle. 659
soldiers, named Hall and Morison, were ed for observing to your Royal Highness,
convicted of robbery , and ordered for exe- that it is wholly unworthy the character of
cution. They were prosecuted by a man the royal navy of this kingdom to maintain
named Read , a bricklayer's labourer, who this system , which, though introduced with
swore that they knocked him down , and out any design of deception, yet may give
robbed him in the church -yard of Wolver- occasion to foreign nations to accuse us of
hampton, on the 23d of July ; and the evi- misrepresentation, when we state that a Bri
dence of the woman in whose house they tish frigate of 38 guns has taken a foreign
resided , went to prove they did not sleep at frigate of 44, when , in fact, the British fri
home that night. There was no other evi- gate was of equal , if not superior force.” It
dence. It appeared, however, subsequent- is then stated, that the American ship Pre
ly to the conviction, that the soldiers did sident had 55 guns mounted on the day of
take ls. 1d. which fell from the prosecutor's her capture, though she was rated at only
pocket while he was wrestling with Hall for 44. In the British navy this practice will
amusement, but they had no intention of no longer continue, for it is now ordered ,
felony ; and that Read had no idea of in- that the rule which prevailed prior to 1793
dicting them , until he was instigated by a shall be revived , and in future all his Ma
man of the name of Roberts, thekeeper of jesty's ships will be rated at the number of
the house of correction at Wolverhampton, guns and carronades which they actually
with the view of gaining the reward called carry on their decks, quarter-decks, and
“ Blood Money ,” which was accordingly forecastles.
pocketted by Read and the keeper of the 2.-A Nero Frigate. - A fine new frigate
prison, to the amount of £ 80. This case of 46 guns, named the Arcthusa, was
having been fully established, and laid be launched on the 29th ult. from the new
fore Lord Sidmouth, by the Rev, Mr Guard, dock - yard, Pembroke. Her dimensions and
a highly respectable clergyman,his Lordship tonnage are as under :
granted a respite. The men , who bear good Fert. In.
characters, have since been liberated. Length of keel for tonnage, 126 1
29. - Swindling.-- Thisday a fellow con- Breadth , 1
40
trived to carry off a considerable sum from Tonnage, 1,934 60-94ths.
the Glasgow Bank, by using the name of This vessel is a sister ship to the Thetis
Adamson and Logan , manufacturers there ; frigate, launched from the same yard in
whose proceeds of bills dicounted he auda. February last.
ciously called for, and received from one of University of Edinburgh .-- This Univer
the tellers. The amount was £ 1314 ; but sity yesterday conferred the degree of Doctor
this being a larger sum than the swindler of Medicine on ninety-two students, after
wanted, or was able to utter, he next day their usual trials, viz. thirty-seven of Scot
returned £900 enclosed in a letter, in which land, thirty -two from Ireland, eighteen from
he promised to repay the remainder on his England, three from Jamaica, one from
arrival in America. Barbadoes, and one from Hamburgh.
4. - Water Spout.-On Friday, the 1st
AUGUST . current, between three and four o'clock in
Marines. - By a recent order from the the afternoon , Cupar- Fife was visited by a
Admiralty, thereis now fitting at Plymouth thunder storm of about an hour's continu
dock -yard , a machine, in all respects similar ance. It was attended by the singular phe
to a part of the gun -deck of a man of war, nomenon of a water-spout , which discharged
having quarters for three pieces of ordnance , itself on Tarvit Hill, over the north side of
and which, when completed, is intended to which it descended in a torrent on the adja
be placed in the rear of the Marine Barracks, cent fields ; and these, to a considerable ex
for the purpose 'exercising the whole divi- tent, were entirely flooded. The violence of
sion of marines at that port in the necessary the torrent was such , that large stones were
manæuvres of great guns for sea-service ; rolled along ; deep trenches were formed ;
and, as thedifferent parties are deemed suf- and from the ground over which it passed ,
ficiently skilled in this exercise, they are to every trace of vegetation has fled.
fire with shot, at a mark, from the battery Melancholy Event.On Saturday night, a
at Devil's Point Lieutenant Woolridge, of most deplorable accident happened at Irvine.
the royal marine artillery, is appointed to The brig Anna had just completed her cargo
this particular service. for Halifax, when the master went on shore
The Navy . - An important document has to bid farewell to his friends, and convey to
just been published , in the shape of propo- the ship two of the last passengers. In go
sals and regulations relative to the navy ing out of the harbour, it was found difficult
made by the Board of Admiralty, and to row the boat ; and recourse was had to a
sanctioned by an order of Council. After sail. The night wās breezy, and the boat
elucidating the accidental causes which have wanted ballast, and it is supposed that it
introduced the existing anomaly of rating was overset in tacking . No one, either on
ships at a certain number of guns, while shore or in the brig, observed the catastro.
their real complement exceeded that nomi- phe ; and it was far in the forenoon of Sun
nal amount, the Board make the following day before it was known . There were on
observation : - " We trust we shall be excus- board, beside Captain Miller, two seamen ,
660 Register -- British Chronicle. [ Sept.
and a member of the Society of Friendsfrom his hearing as well as his sight ; but we are
Belfast, with his daughter, who was going happy to state, that there is no truth in the
out to join her husband in America. It is report. Indeed , as if Providence kindly in
melancholy to think they all perished . tended to compensate for the loss of vision,
8. - Chain Bridge. A bridgeof this de- his Majesty's sense of hearing is not merely
scription is just finished at Dryburgh, for quick, but it has become, if we may be al.
the convenience of foot passengers, across lowed to use the term , discriminative. When
the river Tweed. It consists of a platform his Majesty is in a composed state of mind,
of wood, supported by chains suspended he can readily distinguish and tell, by their
from pillars, on each side of the river, at footsteps, the name of any one who is ap
the height of eighteen feet from the surface proaching or passing him. As but few are
of the water ; the span , from the point of allowed to him , he generally amuses
suspension,passage
is 261with
feet, affording an easy name.
himself, as they pass , by calling to them by
and level , very little vibration . His Majesty's habits have not, in
The appearance of the bridge is extremely consequence of infirmity or old age, under
light and elegant, and, connected with the gone material change. His Majesty, as
beautiful scenery of Dryburgh, is uncom- usual, rises early ; breakfasts at eight o'clock ,
monly interesting. Much praise is due to or soon after ; dines at one, and continues
the Earl of Buchan, for so noble an exam- partial to mutton and beef ; and, when in
ple in scientific experiment, as the bridge is a tranquil state, he orders what his dinner
done entirely at his Lordship's expense. table shall be furnished with . The princi
The bridge was planned and executed by pal page is in constant attendance, as also
Messrs John and Thomas Smith of Darnick , the subaltern assistants of the medical men .
and does them much credit as architects and A sunk walk has been made adjoining the
workmen . King's suite of Rooms ; but latterly his Ma
Trial of Roger O'Connor, Esq .- We jesty, it is said, has declined walking there,
mentioned in our Number for June, that alleging, that it would be no gratification to
this gentleman had been imprisoned on him as he is deprived of sight. The rooms
an accusation of robbing the mail-coach that his Majesty and attendants occupy con
from Galway, in 1812. He was removed sist of thirteen , and they are extremely well
from Dublin to Trim , a few days before his ventilated . When the Queen is at Wind
trial, which commenced at the assizes there sor, her Majesty, attended by Dr John Wil
on the fifth instant. The principal evidence lis, generally visits her consort about ten
for the prosecution were two infamous cha . o'clock.
racters - Michael Owens, who had been par. 15.Nelson's Pillar. The first stone of
doned while under contence of death , in a naval pillar, to commemorate the victories
consequence of swearing against Mr O‘Con- of Lord Nelson , was laid this day on Yar
nor ; and Daniel Waring, who had been mouth Denes, by Colonel Wodehouse,
himself engaged in the robbery, and whose chairman of the committee of subscribers.
brother , Richard, was hanged for the sameIn the stone was placed a plate, on which
crime. Dorothea Reynolds, a servant of was engraved , in Latin, the following inscrip
Mr O'Connor's, had also sworn against him, tion . • HORATIO LORD NELSON ,
but denied all she had said when before the whom, as her first and proudest Champion in
Grand Jury ; she was not therefore produc. naval fight, Britain bonoured, while living ,
ed on trial. Owens and Waring differed with her favour,and , when lost, with her tears.
widely in their statements in several points; Of whom , signalized by his triumphs in all
and the Judge told the Jury, he had never lands, the whole Eurth stood in awe, on oc
seen a charge so completelyrebutted by the count of the tempered firmness of his coun
evidence . The Jury, without retiring, re- sels , and the undaunted ardour of his
turned an unanimous verdict of not guilty , courage ; this great man Norfolk boasts her
which was loudly applauded by all present own , not only as born there of a respectable
- great rejoicings took place at Trim on the family, and as there having received his
occasion ; and the populace could scarcely earlyeducation, but her own also in talents ,
be prevented from chairing Mr O'Connor manners, and mind. The glory of so great
and Sir Francis Burdett, who had come a name, though sure long to outlive all
from London to countenance and give testi- monuments of brass and stone, his fellow
monyto his character on the trial. Owens countrymen of Norfolk have resolved to
and Waring are to be prosecuted for per- commemorate by this column, erected by
jury. their joint contributions. He was born in
11.- His Majesty.-- Respecting the con- the year 1758, entered on his profession in
dition of our beloved Sovereign, the public 1771 , and was concerned in nearly 150
have not, for some time past, been put in naval engagements with the enemy ; being
possession of any particulars beyond the conqueror, among various other occasions,
formal announcement in the monthly bul. at Aboukir, August 1798 ,--at Copenhagen ,
letins. The following circumstances, tend- April 1801, and at Trafalgar, October 1805.
ing, so far as our means extend, to supply Which last victory, the crown of so many
the omission, will, it is hoped, prove accept- glorious achievements, he consecrated by a
able. It has been reported , and we believe death equally mournful to his country and
12
partiallycredited, that his Majesty had lost honourable to bimself.” 1
1917. ] Register:-British Chronicle. 661

Thunder Storm and Tornado. On the of the Cowgate. A crowd of boys, while
12th instant, Aberfeldy was visited by a amusing themselves near the common sewer ,
tremendousthunder storm , seldom equalled the grating of which had been taken up to
in that high latitude. It commenced about give the water a free run , one of them , be
twelve o'clock noon , and continued, with tween seven and eight years of age, in en
little or no intermission, until two o'clock. deavouring to save a basket, which hadgot
The lightning was so vivid that it alarmed into the current, was swept into its vortex ,
every one ; and at a Mr Stewart's, a farmer, and carried down the drain. An alarm was
the fluid struck one of his farm -houses, set immediately given , but the impetuosity of
fire to the roof, and gave the whole steading the current seemedto preclude all hopesof
a shock resembling that of an earthquake. recovering him . The mother, encircled by
It went through the roof in a descending a prodigious crowd, stood by in the greatest
angle from the south to the north , ignited agony of grief. The people had begun to
the roof on the south , and on the north take the covers off the drain , and to use
made a perforation as if atwelve-pound every exertion possible to get hold of him ,
shot had gone through it. This happened when a countryman, driving a flock of lambs,
about a furlong west from this village ; and came up ; and learning the circumstance,
about 100 yards east from it, and almost borrowed an umbrella from one of the by
at the same time there was a kind of tor- standers, and descended into the sewer.
nado, which swept away or levelled every The boy, most providentially, had recovered
thing that obstructed its course. It carried himself while in the sewer , and, attracted
some hay quite out of sight into the air. by the voice of the countryman, laid hold
It crossed the Tay, carrying a very large on the hooked end of the umbrella, by which "
sheet of water into the air, and scattering it he was drawn towards his deliverer, who
in various directions. In its progress , it produced him alive to the overjoyed mother
swept from their roots , corn , potatoes, and and the astonished spectators, after he had
shrubbery, but happily neither lives nor been upwards of twenty minutes in the
houses were injured by it. sewer .
Itinerant Preachers.In the course of Shooting . – The Earl of Fife has been en
last week, James Duncan , an itinerant tertaining a party of gentlemen at his shoot
preacher, was twice before the police ma- ing lodge , in MarForest. The party con
gistrate at Glasgow , for collecting crowds of sisted of General Duff, Sir John Hope, Mr
people in the streets of that city . The ac- Heathcote , Mr H. Heathcote , Sir Richard
count which he gives of himself is this :- Sutton, Mr Hay, and Mr Balfour. Not.
“ He was born in Dundee, and is a flax- withstanding the unfavourable state of the
dresser, and having attended a Latin class weather, it having rained almost incessantly,
in St Andrew's University, and having an the list of slaughter during the first week,
extensivememory,he commenced preacher.” besides the red deer, roes, and ptarmigan ,
He was dismissed , and advised to gain his amounted to 821 brace of grouse ; a num
livelihood by other means. His collection ber, we believe, unparalleled in the annals
amounted on some occasions to 20s. of sporting .
21.- Life Preserver.- The Commander- On Monday forenoon , a boat with twelve
in -Chief having lately learned, through the men , going off to a cutter in Leith Roads,
official returns, that out of 5511 men, em- was upsetwhen about half way by a sud
barked for foreign service, 1702, or nearly den squall. The accident was observed
one-third perished, through the transports from the shore and from some vessels at
being wrecked, in the course of two years anchor, and boatswere instantly despatched ,
and a half, ordered that experiments of and reached it in time to save the whole of
Mallison's Life Preserver should be made, the crew, some of whom could not have
in order to ascertain the service which the kept up many minutes longer. In the af
introduction of the invention into the Bri- ternoon it blew a heavy gale from the east
tish army might produce. A series of ex- ward , during which aboat, with two men,
periments was accordingly made at Wool- from Leith, endeavouring to make New
wich, with the happiest effect, in the pre- haven pier, was driven among the rocks to
sence of upwards of fifty officers. Among leeward, and soon filled with water. A
the rest , a man was selected who could not boat from Newhaven attempted their relief,
swim , carried into deep water, and left to but could not come near from the heavy
himself. In a few minutes after, obtaining sea . Several people from the shore then
confidence, he swam across the piece of attempted their rescue ; and wading into the
water , about ninety yards, and back, nearly water, linked by each other, the tallest of
as well as the best swimmer, thus decidedly them gotnear enough to throw a rope, by
proving the impossibility of being drowned, means of which the men were , with much
when equipped with this simple invention . difficulty and danger, got ashore.
27.- Singular Incident. Yesterday af. Union Canal between Edinburgh and
ternoon , a tremendous torrent of rain and Glasgow . The state of the subscription
hail, accompanied by thunder, came on at for this work is now such as to enable the
Edinburgh , which inundated some of the committee of management to assure the
lower parts of the town. A remarkable and public that the work will commence as soon
interesting occurrence took place at the foot as the lateness of the harvest will permit the
662 Register.Appointments, Promotions, &c. [ Sept.
levels tobe renewed, andthe ground staked though regarded as very considerable, is
out. The surface plan of the country is al- but about one half of what the same fishings
ready more than half completed , and the formerly brought when under the improve
other preliminary steps are also in progress, ment of stake-nets.
so that there is now no doubt of the Canal Edinburgh .-- The causewaying of our
being begun this winter. streets with blocks of cast-iron, as has been
The first meeting of the Union Canal lately done in London, appears to be in con
Company was heldon the 5th instant in templation, as we observe a part of North
M.Ewan's rooms, Royal Exchange, pur- College Street laid with this material by
suant to act of parliament, RobertDownie, way of experiment.
Esq . of Appin , in the chair. Mr George So daring have the juvenile depredators
Moncrieft was chosen clerk by a great ma- of this city become, that they actually scale
jority, and Mr Hugh Baird was unani- the walls of the Castle in search of plun
mously elected engineer ; after which a der . A quantity of clothes, laid out by a
committee was appointed toconduct the sergeant's wife to dry, near the Sally-port
concerns of the Company. The meeting guard , were lately carried off. The fort
was numerous , major's servant saw two boys taking away
Salmon Fishing .-- Last week the Scots- clothes from the Sally -port, who, upon his
craig fishings on the Tay were let, by pub- calling to them , hid them among some net
lic sale, at £ 1105 Sterling per annum - to tles, and after descending from the rock ,
be fished by net and coble. This rent, ran off in the direction of Frederick Street.

APPOINTMENTS, PROMOTIONS, &c.

1. CIVIL. Sunday se'enight the following gentlemen were

July 1. - Knighthood conferred on John Evans,
Esq. High Sheriff of Midiosex.
16.- The Duke of Wellington granted the royal
license to wear the insignia of a Knight Grand Cross
of the Royal Sicilian Military Order of St Ferdi
nand and of Merit, and also of a Knight of the
Royal Sicilian Order of St Januarius, given by the
King of the Two Sicilies.
30.Mr Planta to be Under Secretary of State
for the Home Department, vice Mr Cooke, re
signed .
Aug. 2.- The Prince Regent has, by letters pa
tent, authorised Lord Bathurst to exercise all the
rights and privileges belonging to a Knight of the
Garter, as fully as if he had been formally installed.
16.-The Hon . William Maule , Admiral of the
coast from Broughty Castle to the Tod Head, has
appointed James Búrnes, writer in Montrose , his
deputy
25 .-- Lieut.-General Francis Thomas Hammond,
to be Chief Equerry to the Prince Regent, and Clerk
Marshall of the Stables, vice Sir Benjamin Bloom
field , promoted .
II. ECCLESIASTICAL .
Aug. 8.-His Royal Highness the Prince Regent
has been pleased to appoint the Rev. Lewis Rose
to be minister of the church and parish of Nigg,
presbytery of Tain , vacant by the death of Mr
Alexander Macadam .
12. - The Prince Regent has been pleased to ap
point the Rev. James Thomson, jun. to be Assist
ant and Successor to the Rev. James Thomson ,
sen . as minister in the parish of Rerrick , in the
presbytery of Kirkcudbright.
Oxford, Aug. 16. – Friday se'enight, the Bishop
of Oxford was admitted Warden of all Souls ' Col.
lege, with the usual ceremonies, in the room of the
Rev. Edmund Isham , D.D. deceased .
At a private Ordination, holden by the Lord
Bishop of Kildare, Thomas Grantham , M. A. fel
low of Magdalen College, was ordained a Deacon .
18.-- The Rev. George Rous, to the rectory of
Laverton, Somerset.
Rev. F. S. Wall, to the vicarage of Stoke, St
Milbro', Salop
Rev. --Winnington, to the vicarage of Clifton
upon - Teame, Herefordshire.
Rev. JamesSparrow , to the rectory of Hemlock ,
Devon .
The Rev. George Frederiek Tavel, A. M. to the
rectory of Campsey Ash , in Suffolk .
ordained in the parish church at Kendal, West
moreland, by the Bishop of Chester .
Deacons. - John Wm . Trevor, B. A. St John's
College ; Robert Brade Brocklebank , B. A. and
John William Sinclair , B. A. of Trinity College,
Cambridge; Henry Richardson, John Master Wal
ler, Jeffery Hebdon , James Hayes, Joseph Docker,
and Humphrey Brown, Literates .
Priests . - John Thomas Bowe, B. A. Richard
Moore, A.M. Christopher Barnes , Wm Rigg, John
Douglas, Literates.
22.- The Most Noble the Marquis and Mar
chioness of Stafford have been pleased to make the
following presentations:
The Rev. Alexander Macpherson to the parish
of Golspie, vacant by the death of the late Mr
Keith.
The Rev. Angus Kennedy to the parish of Dor
noch , vacant bythe death of the late Dr Bethune.
The Rev. Duncan Macgillivray to the parish of
Lairg , vacant by the translation of Mr Kennedy .
The Rev. Hugh Mackenzie to the parish of As
synt, vacant by the translation of Mr Macgillivray.
III. MILITARY .
Brevet Major W. M. Leake, R. Art. to be Lieut.
Colonel in the Army. 4th June 1813
4 D.G. Cornet N. L. Beamish , to be Lieut. by
purch. vice Berridge, ret. 31st July 1817
5 Cornet Wm Locke, to be Lieut. by 3d
purch.
vice Christie, prom . do.
John Gardiner, to be Cornet, by purch .
vice Watson , prom . 10th do.
Francis Westenra, to be Cornet, by purch .
vice Locke 31st do .
Assist. Surg. D. M Gregor, to be Ass. Surg.
vice Speer, ret. upon h . p . 56 F. 10th do.
purch .
4 Dr. Cornet 1. Coney , to be Lieut. by31st
vice Gregory, 53 F. do.
Thomas Harrison, to be Cornet, by purch.
vice Cazalet, 6 Dr. luth do .
Arthur Sullivan, to be Cornet, by purch.
viceConey 7th August
10 John Trollope, to be Cornct, by purch . vice
Brown , retires 10th July
15 Lieut. Geo . Doherty , to be Capt. by purch .
vice Holmes, retires 5 ist do .
Cornet John Hall , from 19 Dr. to be Lieut.
by purch . vice Mill, proin . 21th do.
Cornet J. Atherion, to be Lieut, by3 purch
ist do
.
vice Doherty
John Poit, to be comet, by pureh , vice
Atherton dy.
1817. ) Register.-- Appointments, Promotions, 8c. 663
15 Dr. CornetChar. Fallon, to be Lieut. by purch. To be Inspectors of Hospitals by Brevet.
vice Mansfield , prom .
Cornet Edward Studd, to be Lt. by 16thpurch
July. Deputy Insp. William Hussey , M. D. 17th July
vice Bellair , prom . Edward Tegart do .
17th do .
William Aug. Burke, M.D. do .
Cornet Barham Livius, from 6 D. G. to be
To be Deputy Inspectors of Hospitals by
Lt. by purch . vice Carr, prom . 31st do.
Ensign H.W. Sparrow , from 53 F. to be Brevet.
Lieut. by purch. vice W. Byan , retires Physician Ed. N. Bancroft, M.D. 17th July
7th August Alex. L. Emerson , M.D. do .
Thomas Coventry, to be Cornet, by purch Charles Farrell, M.D. do.
vice Fallon 17th July
Staff'Surg. Thomas Duncan do .
20 Edward Wheler, to be Cornet, by purch. William Rich . Morrell do .
vice Cook , prom. do .
23 Lieut. C. Bacon, to be Capt. by purch . vice James Alex .Campbell do .
Wallace 10th do. John Aug. Knipe do .
William Hill do .
Cornet S. C. Simpson, to be Lt. by purch. Jacob Bath do.
vice Bacon do.
24 Cornet W. H. West, to be Lieut. by purch . George Robert Baillie do.
vice Proctor, prom . do. Thomas Kidd do.
1 Foot. Alexander Wetherall, to be Ens. by purch . Jacob Adolphus do.
17th July
Thomas Brownrigg do.
vice Cooper, 66 F. Hosp . Assist. J. Cousins, from h. p. to be Hosp.
8 Lieut. T. Price, to be Adjutant, vice Street, 10th do ,
resigns Adj. only 31st do. Assist. vice Sibbald , cancelled
J. F. Nichol, from h. p . to be Hosp .
37
vice G.
Capt. C. Hicks,
Burer , prom.
to be Major , by purch. Assist. vice Gilmour, h. p. 25th do .
7th August
52 Ens. D. Macnab , to be Lieut. vice Dawson ,
dead
Exchanges.
17th July Lt. Col. Dalmer, from 23 F.with Lt. Col. Pearson ,
Hon. M. Stapleton , to be Ens. vice Macnab h. p . 43 F.
do . Brevet Lieut. Col. Raitt , from 2 F. with Major
53
Lieut. A. F. Gregory, from 4 Dr. to be Capt. Thistlethwaite, h. p . 90 F.
vice Fernandez, ret . 10th July Major Joly, from R.W. I. Rang. with Major Mas
Matthew Grey, to be Ensign , by purch , vice sey , h . 2 , 6 W.I. Regt.
Williams, prom . 7th August - Manby, from Ř. York Rang. with Major
55 Lieut. Æ . M. Nicholson , to be Adj. vice Fogerty, h . p. 5 W. I. Regt.
Delgairns, res. Adjt. only 24th July Brevet Major Elder, from 31° F . rec. diff. with Capt.
58 Ens. J. W. Young, to be Lieut. 17th do . Miles , h . p.
Ens. H. Campbell, from h. p. 41 F. to be Moncrieff, from 13 F. with Captain
Ensign , vice Young do . Yorke, h. p . 52 F.
59 Capt. Fra. Fuller, to be Major by purch.
do.
Capt. Bruce,from 79 F. with Capt. Langley, 82F.
vice Hoysted , ret. Henderson , from 50 F. rec. diff. with Brevet
Lieut. Edw . Duncan , to be Capt. by purch . Major Maxwell, h . p. 6 Gar. Bat.
vice Fuller 24th do .
Bontein , from 1 L. Gds. with Capt. Oakes,
Ensign H. K. Bloonilield , to be Lieut. by 1 Ceylon Regt.
purch . vice Duncan August
7th · Priestley , from 33 F. rec. diff. with Capt.
60
Capt.Cha. Cuyler ,from 69. F. to be Major
do .
Bennet. h. p . 5 Gar. Bat.
by purch . vice Batteley, ret. Hurd, from 4 W.I.R. with Capt. Appelius,
Lieut. Wm Wynne, to be Capt. by purch . h. p. 60 F.
vice Gomer, ret. 24th July Ince, from 38 F. with Capt. Webster , h. p .
Ens. Walter Bernard, to be Lieut. by purch . 3 Gar. Bat.
vice Wynne do.
Leahy, from 95 F. with Capt. Bishop, h. p .
72 Lieut. J. M. Cameron , to be Capt, by purch . Lieut. Hasleham , from16 F. with Lieut. Orr, h.p.
vice Tetlow, dead , 7th August Grant, from 68 F. with Lieut. Scott , h. p .
81 Ensign E. T. Thomson, to be Lieut. vice 52 F.
Brewster, dead 17th July James Cameron , from 77 F. rec. dift . with
Ens. F. Hammond, from 103 F. to be Ens. Lieut. Bowen, h . p.
vice Thomson do. Fennell, from 87 F. with Lieut. Carroll, h. p.
91 Paym. J. Fairfowl, from h. p. to be Paym. Mahon , from 88 F. rec . diff. with Lieut.
vice Campbell, ret . upon h . p . 10th do. Hill, h. p.
93 Lieut. D. O'Meara , from 5 W. I. R. to be French , from 18 Dr. rec . diff. with Lieut.
Lieut. vice M Pherson, ret. upon h. p . Cruickshanks, h. p.
5W. I. Reg . 31st do.
Fryer, from 23 F. rec . diff. with Lieut. Clay
Serg.-Maj. J. Crombie , to be Qr .-Mast. vice hills, 23 F.
Mackay, ret. list on full pay, do .
Walsh, from 61 F. with Lieut. Conroy, h. p.
104 Agnew Champain , to be Ensign by purch. 72 F.
vice Piggott, prom . do. Thornton , from 94 F. rec . diff. with Lieut.
3W.I.R.Ens. J. R. Young, from h. p. 8 F. to be Orr, h. p. 42 F.
Ens. vice Johnstone, canc. 24th do.
Wilson , from 97 F. with Lieut. Waller, h.p.
R.Yk.R. Lieut. Col. Wm . Smelt, from 103 F. to Uniake, from 7 Dr. rec . diff. with eut.
be Lieut. Col. vice Stewart, ret. upon Strangways , h. p.
h . p. 103 F. 31st do.
Paxton , from 11 Dr. with Lieut. Brown, h.p.
Capt. w. M. Mills, from 6 W. I. R. to be Coles, from 11 Dr. rec . diff. with Lieut.
Captain , vice Radford, ret. upon h . p. Sandys, h. p.
6 W.I.R. 24th do. Dawson, from 18 Dr. rec. diff. with Lieut.
R. Art. M. Gen. Fran . Laye, to be Col. Comm . M'Bean , h. p. 26 F.
vice Lloyd, dead 17th June Delgairns, from 55 F. rec. diff. with Lieut .
Gent. Cadet George H. Hyde, to be 2d Hall , b. p .
Lieut. vice Darby, prom . 17th July Hollis, from 57 F. rec . diff. with Lieut.
Thomas B. Flude, to be 2d Powell, h . p.
Lieut, vice Williams, prom. do .
-- Hon. G. W. Massey , from 20 Dr. rec . diff.
John M. Savage , to be do.
2d with Lieut. Hon. J. Massey , h. p. 1Dr.
Lieut. vice Picard , prom . Gordon , from 18 F. with Lieut. St George,
Richard Hayne, to be 2d Lt. h . P.
vice Greenwood , prom . do .
James S. Cremer, to be ad
Archbold, from 33 F. rec. diff. with Lieut.
Lieut. vice E. Morgan, prom. do .
Forlong
Stoughton , from 58 F. with Lieut. Smith .
Miscellaneous. h. p. 57 F.
Lieut. Col. Edmund Coghlan , to be Governor of --- Penefather, from 77 F. rec . diff. with Lieut.
Chester , vice Gray, dead 15th August Dowling, h. p . 87 F.
Major W.L. Herries, to be Dep. Qr. Mast. Gen. Bernard, from 2 F. with Lieut. Manners ,
Mediterranean , with the rank of Lieut. Col. in h . p. 6 F.
the Army, vice Ryves 31st July Stanford, from 6 F. rec. diff. with Lieut,
Dep . Paym . John Cockburn , from Army Depot, Crawford , h . p.
Isle of Wight, to be Paym . Rec. Dist. vice Todd , -- Sach, from 48 F. rec. dim with Lieut. Bun
h. P : 11th do, ney, h. p. 13 F.
6
 664 Register. Meteorological Report. [ Sept.
Lieut. Jones, from 81 F. rec. diff. with Lieut. Lut- Quarter-Mast. Burrough , from 60 F. with Quarter
man , h. p . Mast. Keins, h. p.
-Gillmore, from 3 W. I. Reg . with Lieut. Assist. Surg. Fry , from 33 F. with Assist. Surg.
Johnston, h , p. 27 F. Hurst, h . p . 47 F.
Cornet and Sub -Lt. Still, from 1 L. Gds, with Lieut. Apothecary Reade, from full pay, with Apothecary
Walsh , h . p. 72 F. John, from h. p.
2d Lieut. Eyre, from Rifle Brig . with Ens. Pietel,
h. p. 81. É. Resignations and Retirements.
Ensign Edwards, from 6 F. rec. diff. with Ensign Lieut. Col. Hoysted , 59 F.
Holyoak , b . p . 58. F. Gomer , 60 F.
Lumsden, from 50 F. with Ensign Edwards, Battely, ditto
h. p. 83 F. Lord Folkstone, R. Berks Mil.
Lum , from 16 F.with Ensign Connor, 16 F. Capt. Holmes, 13, 13 Dr.
Gibbons, from 55 F. rec. diff. with Ensign Fernandez, 53 F.
Champion , h. p. 2 Gar. Bat. Lieut. Berridge, 4 Dr Gds .
De Courcy , from 3 F. with Ensign Browne, William Byam , 15 Dr.
h . p . 2 Greek Lt. Inf. Cornet Brown , 10 Dr.

Superseded. Appointment Cancelled.

Paymaster Burke,1 West India Regiment. Ensign Johnstone, 3 West India Regiment.

Deaths.
Major General. Captains. Ensigns.
Sir Mont . Burgoyne, Bt. Keappock , 12 F. 7 Feb. 1817 Williams, 5W.J.R.15 May 1817
16 Aug. 1817 Macnamara , 60 F. 4 Aug. Freer, R. W. I. Ran .
Lieut. Colonels. Tetlow , 72 F. Adams, h. p . Glengarry Fenc.
Hon . Wm Grey, Lieut. Gov. of
Chester 10 do . Lieutenants. Pay -Master.
Mellish , h . p . Sicilian Regt. Smelt, 56 F. 12 April | Wilkinson , 14 F. 8 April
Majors. Wogan , 66 F. 3 Dec. 1816
Lee, h. p. 1 F. 11 July Dodd, Royal African Cor. Quarter -Master .
Conolly, 2 F. 10 do. 14 July 1817 Middleton , 80 F. 28 July

IV. NAVAL

Promotions.
Names. Names . Names .
Commander. Lieutenants . Surgeon .
W. E. Wright Roger Aitken James Mitchell
Thomas Ogle

Appointments.
Names . Ships. Names . Ships .
Captains. Charles Cleveland Icarus
H. R. Felix Beaver E. P. Bentley Rifleman
Hon . A. Maitland Glasgow Edw . Rankin Shamrock
Norwich Duff Rifleman Surgeons.
Lieutenants. John Tarn Beever
George W. Cole Active Geo . Grant Cherub
JohnRussel Glasgow Geo . Thomson Icarus
Wm Cuppage Tyne Jos. Cook Rifleman
Marines . Assistant Surgeons.
Capt. Thomas Adair Impregnable AbramCourtney Cherub
1st Lieut. George Kendal Ditto R. J. Dallas Erne
2d Lieut. J. A. Tickell Ditto James Adair Pique
1st Lieut. Thomas Pollock Tyne Joseph M'Crea Salisbury
Forth James Barnhill Shark
2d Lieut. Andrew Hendry James Gilchrist
Masters . Spey
Wm Wilson Beaver Purser .
A. J. Russell Hope - John Luckombe Glasgow
R. H. Hicks Hyæna
-* ‫܀‬

METEOROLOGICAL REPORT.

puty In our last Report we took a comparative view of the summer months of 1816 and 1817,
in particularly with regard to the quantity of rain thatfell, and we doubt not that statement
surprised many of our readers. We have now , however, to record a still more extraordi
nary fact, the fallof more than five inches of rain inthe course of one month . We have
kept a regular register of the rain gauge since November 1812, but till the present year
we never had to record in any one month so much as four inches. The whole quantity
of rainthat has fallen since the commencement of the present year is 21 inches, being about
the yearly average. If it be true, then , that the whole quantity in any one year does not
far exceed the yearly average, we might be induced to predict that the remainder of this
season will be dry. It is, however, dangerous to prophesy. The mean temperature of
August 1817 is fully half a degree lower than that of August 1816.
1817.] Agricultural Report.
Register.-- 665

METEOROLOGI CAL TABLE, extracted from the Register kept on the Banks of
the Tay, four miles east from Perth, Latitude 56° 25', Elevation 185feet.
AUGUST 1817.
Means. Extremes .
THERMOMETER. Degrees. THERMOMETER. Degrees.
Mean of greatest daily heat, . 60.822 65.000
.... cold , 48.274 Greatest Heat, 1st day,
Greatest cold , 21st, 42.000
temperature, 10 A.M. 56.564 61.000
Highest , 10 A.M. 8th ,
10 P.M. 51.709 Lowest ditto , .. 3d, 52.500
of daily extremes, 54.518 Highest, 10 P.M. 14th, 56.500
10 A.M. and10 P.M. 54.137 Lowest ditto , 21st, 46.500
........... 4 daily observations, 54.342
BAROMETER. Inches. BAROMETER . Inches .
Mean of 10 A.M. ( temp. of mer . 58 ° ) 29.498 Highest , 10 A. M. 22d, 29.990
29.515 Lowest ditto , 26th , 28.905
............ 10 P.M. (temp.ofmer. 58 ) 29.506 Highest, 10 P. M. 21st, 29.985
both , ( temp. of mer. 58 ) Lowest ditto , 25th , 28.980
HYGROMETER (LESLIE'S. ) Degrees .
Mean dryness , 10 A. M. 20.871 HYGROMETER . Degrees.
.................. 10 P. M. 8.871 Highest, 10 A. M. 21st, 42.000
......of both , 14.871 Lowest ditto , 24th , 4.000
Rain in inches, 5.278 Highest, 10 P. M. 20th , 23.000
1.774 Lowest ditto , 18th , 2.000
Evaporation in ditto ,
Fair days 10 ; rainy days 21. Wind from West side of meridian , including North , 13 ; from East side of
meridian , including South , 18 .

METEOROLOGICAL TABLE, extracted from the Register kept at Edinburgh, in

the Observatory, Calton-hill.
N.B. - The Observations are made twice every day, at eight o'clock in the morning, and eight
o'clock in the evening.
Attach . Attach .
Ther . Barom . Ther . Wind . Ther . Barom . Ther . Wind .

Aug. 1 { E.
M.57 29.457 M.60 Fair, foren . M.51 29.120 M.56 W. Showers .
rain aftern . Aug. 17 E. 51
Cble.
52 .582 E. 58 .428 E . 57 )
M.53 .604M.59 M.52 .495 M.58
2 N.W. Fair. 18
E. 52 299E. 56
Cble. Fair.
E. 53 .602 E.58
M.53 .188 M.57 M.54 .265 M.58
3
E. 54 .188 E. 58 Cble. Cloudy 19 E.54 .286E. 59 Cble. Fair.
M.54 , 262 M.58 20 M.54 .330 M.58 Cble . Rain
4
.575 E.59 Cble. Rain . E. 50 .617 E. 55
E. 52
M.56 745 M.60
21 M.50 .778 M.56 ) N. E. Fair .
5
E. 55 .715 E. 59 W. Fair. E. 51 .842 E.58
M.57 .688 M.60 22
M.52 .842 M.58
N.W. Fair .
6 N.W. Fair . E. 53 .853 E. 59
E.57 .665 E. 60
M.56 .534 M.60 M.53 .775 M.58
PE.57 .414 E. 60 S S.W. Fair.
23
E. 52 .732 E.57 ) Cble. Cloudy.
M.53 .260 M.59 M.55 .661M.57 Cble. Rain
8
E. 52 .116 E.57 Cble . Rain . 24
E. 53 .491 E. 58
M.49 , 102 M.57 N.W. Showers . M.51 28.210 M.551 Cble.
Showers.
.263 E. 54 S 25 E.50 .868 E.53
Cble . Rain , with
M.54 .404 M.57 M.51 .711 M.55 )
10 Showers.
E. 52.503 5.565 Cble. 26 E. 51 .891 E.57 thunder.
M.52 .438 M.56 M.51 29.100 M.55 Cble. Rain .
11 E.53 .102 E. 55 Cble. Showers. 27 E.50 .319 E. 55
M.57 128.972 M.58 M.51 .430 M.54
12
E.56 .970 E. 60
W. Rain . 28 E.50 .430 E. 53 N.E. Showers.
13 S M.54 .852 M.59 M.49 .450 M.55
N.E. Rain .
.968 E.58S Cble. Showers. 29 E.50 .389 E.52
E. 53
14 M.54 29.169 M.58 M.51 .585 M.54
E, Fair .
E. 59 28.975 E.61 ) Cble. Showers . 301 E.51 .641 E.54
.970 M.61 ( M.56 .466 M.567 Cble .
E.58
15 S M. 54 29.315 € .59 N.W. Rain. 31 E.55 .359 E.58 )
Showers .
M.58 .315 M.61
16
.250 E.59 $ w. Cloudy. Rain , inches 3.11 .
E. 51

AGRICULTURAL REPORT.
At the date of our last Report it was impossible not to feel someapprehensions of a late
harvest, which, in this climate, is seldom a productive one. Happily the fineweather
which set in with this month has dissipated our fears, and inspired every mind with cheer
fulness and hope. In the south of England the crop is said to have been secured in seve
ral parts, and everywhere in that quarter the labours of harvest go on prosperously. Reap
ing will becomegeneral throughout the Lowlands of Scotland next week. Some fears are
entertained for the quality of some of the strongest wheats that had been lodged by the
heavy rains early in August, and in the higher districts the oat crop still requires several
weeks of favourable weather to bring it to maturity ; yet, upon thewhole, the grain crops
here, as well as in England , promise to yield at leastan average produce. - Markets, ac
cordingly, have fallenconsiderably since the beginning of themonth, and will probably
keep so low as to shut the ports to importation in November. Should they continue open
after that period, the pricesof all sorts of grain must beverymoderate the ensuing winter.
In Edinburgh market, on the 10th inst. oatmal was 3s. 10d. per stone of 17 " Ib. avoir .
dupois--the quartern loaf 14d . - new potatoes so low as 10d . per peck -- beef and mutton
4d. to 7d. per lb. 13th September.
VOL . I. 4 Q
 666
Register .- Agricultural Report. ( Sept.
London, Corn Exchange, Sept. 8 . London Markets continued .
Wheat, per gr. s. s. {Beans, old
Select Samples 94 to 98 per quarter . 58 to 62 New Rapeseed , per last, £ 46 to £ 0.- Linseed Oil
-White
runs. 45 to 90 - Tick .. 38 to 42 cake, at the mill, £ 12, 12s. per thousand ,-Rape
-Red ditto . 45 to 85 od 48 to 56 Cake, £ 7, 10s. to £8.
Foreign • 40 to 85 Pease, boiling 40 to 50
Rye ... 30 to 35 -Gray . .. 40 to 45
Barley English 25 to 10 Brank .. 40 to 55
Malt ..... 60 to 80 Flour, p. sack 0 to 75
Oats , Feed . 14 to 28 -Second, • 60 to 70 Liverpool, Sept. 6.
-Fine... 30 to . 55 to 65 31 -Scotch
-Poland 14 to 33 Pollard , per qr. 22 to 28 Wheat, s. d . s. d . Rapeseed , p . 1. £ 44 to £48
-Fine . 34 to 36 - Second per70 libs. Flaxseed , p . hd.
-Potato . 35 to 40 Bran
14 to 18 English • . 9 0 to 14 9. sowing . L.0 , Os.
.. 13 to 14 || Scotch · 0 0 to 0 0 Beans, p . qr. 8. d . S. d .
-Foreign . . 14 to 35
Beans,pigeon . 40 to 481 Quart. loaf, 14d. Welsh 00 to 0 0 English 45 0 to 65 0
Irish . 7 0 to 8 6 Foreign . 0 0 to 0 0
Dantzic · 12 6 to 14 0 Irish . 0 0 to 0 0
Seeds, & C. - Sept. 8. Wismar · 12 0 to 13 0 Pease , per quar.
Mustard , brown , so s. Linseed, S. American 13 0 to 14 9 - Botſing . 54 0 to 64 0
Old , per bush . 14 to 24 per quar . 60 to 95 Barley, per 60 libs . Rice, p.cwt. 36 0 to 38 0
-New ditto . 0 to 0 Cinquefoil . 28 to 42 | English . 5 0 to 6 6 Flour, English,
-White 8 to 12 Rye-grass (Pace's)32 to 44 Scotch 5 0 to 6 6 p.280 lb.fine 0 0 to 00
-New ditto . O to 0 - Common 12 to 30 Irish ' . 5 0 to 66 Seconds o o to o o
Tares : . ... 8 to 11 Clover, English , Malt p .9 gls.12 0 to 13 6 Irish,p.240lb . 0 0 to 0 0
Turrip ,green -Red , percut.45 to 105 Rye, per gr. 35 0 to 40 0 Ameri.p. bl. 49 0 to 51 o
round . 16 to 20 - White • 56 to 108 Oats per 45 lb. Sourdo 40 0 to 42 0
-White
-Red . : •. 14
14 to
to 18
16 --For. red..
White 50 to
· 63 to 110 Eng. potato 44 60 to
105 common 5 oClover, p. bush .
to 16 - White 0 0 to 00
-Swedish wh. 0 to 0 Trefoil : . 8 to 32 | Irish potato 4 3 to 5 0 -Red 0 0 to 00
-Yellow .. 10 to 12 Rib grass 4 0 to 4 9 Oatmeal, per 240 lb.
15 to 48 1 - common
Canary , per qr. 450 Ford ay, Eng . 40 to 46 | Welsh potato 0 0 to 0 0 English : 44 0 to 46 0
-New 0 0 to 0 0 Scotch 0 0 to 00
Avoirdupois

. O to 0 Scotch
Winchester

Hempseed : : 80 to 96 Coriander .. 12 4 0 to 4 6 Irish 0 0 to 0 0

d.Beans
15 Foreign
UED
Oatmeal

atmeal
Quarter
Bushels

POBWheat
ME

344
eans
ease

00.51
00
034
8130
.CONTINES

70
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ats
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ye
MARITI

Districts
d.s. d

, 78.
COUNTI

Maritim
thend

ld
140

7s
Average
133

024
0.56

8s
3s
5s
,

6s
d0s
10146
,aBy
per
of

2,49
0460
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758
01

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045
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628

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Prices
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00
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,.-PO4B38,.-5R4Wheat
precedin
urha

9Wheat

arley
Scotland
.August
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deans

eans
Nort
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040

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00

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127

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dats
ye
ats
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010

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05

ornwall
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1Aug.
817
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ancaster

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embroke
116

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69
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Worcester

7 97

99
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23 97
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Denbeigh
099
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9406orfolk

410
016
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264
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0138
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hester
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718
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30..86
840
9
82
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00incoln

107
660

651
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68

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160
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9Flint

81

11

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440

044

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92 2
61

73

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6

745
36 0
05
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0140
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80
71
035

3
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0
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57
11
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20
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765

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11

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11

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8
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653

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Aug.
oll
73

3
38
00
1
022007
11

23
BWheat
eans
atm
arley
ease
.ats
.PBRye
ss.
.d
OO

MARITIME
COUNTIES
COUNTIES
INLAND

03
86

4
4

.
s.d.
.

036
4085
04 0
d.s

Huntingdon
.sd
Middlesex

.84

Hereford
Hertford
S.

..
Bedford80

L9
IS
031
.. and

Stafford
1041

...nor
0436110
647
40
950

78
Surrey

Oxford

Brecon
10
88 1

039
Rutl
96

Derby
..

Bucks
03

Berks
Wilts
Salop

Rad
....
...

Kent
.

0 .54 .

80
79
85

6
43

sE ex
51
10
80
10

0
3
0
2
70

.
 1817.) Register Commercial Report. 667

EDINBURGH.SEPTEMBER 10 .
Wheat. Barley. Oats. Pease & Beans.
1st ,.......48s. Od . Ist ...... 39s. Od. 1st , ...... 32s. Od. Ist ,...... 31s. Od .
2d , ......40s.Od. 2d , .34s. Od . 2d, ...... 28s. Od. 2d , .29s. Od .
3d ,...... 35s. Od. 3d , ...... 26s.Od.
3d , ...... 31s. Od. 3d , .. .278. Od .
Average of Wheat, £1 : 14 :7 : 8-12ths per boll.
HADDINGTON.SEPTEMBER 12.
Wheat. Barley. Oats. Pease. Beans.
1st,......45s. Od. 1st, ......32s. Od. 1st,... ..33s. Od . 1st,...... 30s. Od. 1st,......30s. Od .
2d, ...... 30s. Od. 2d, .......29s. Od . 20, ......31s. Od . | 2d,......28s. Od. | 2d,......288. Od.
3d,...... 21s. Od . 3d, .27s. Od. 3d , ......29s. Od. | 3d ,...... 26s. Od . | 3d ,......26s. Od .
Average of Wheat, £ 1 : 9 : 9 8-12ths.
Note . - The boll of wheat, beans, andpease,is about 4 per cent.more than halfa quarter,
or 4 Winchester bushels ; that of barley and oats nearly 6 Winchester bushels.

16, COMMERCIAL REPORT.

COLONIAL PRODUCE .- Sugar..The demand continues steady, and considerablepar .

cels have been bought by the refiners at an advance of 1s. per cwt. Very brown Jamaica's
have been sold at 77s. ; good working Sugars, 80s. to 84s. ; brown St Vincent's, 75s.
The holders continue sanguine in their hopes of obtaining still higher prices. On the
9th current, it having been found that the reports circulated respecting large expected
imports of Muscovadoes were erroneous, and the extensive purchasers being acquainted
that the stocks were 18,000 casks less than at the same period last year, with an
evident increasing demand both for export and home consumption, in a short time allon
sale were disposed of atan advance of 2s. to3s.-- the lowest browns, approaching to dabs,
selling at 73s. to 79s. The amount of sales of the day were estimated at 5000 casks. A great
proportion of the Muscovadoes now in London is held by speculators.-- Refined Goods con
tinue in very considerable request. Loavesofevery description are scarce and much inquired
after, and an advance of 2s. may be stated since ourlast. - In Foreign Sugars little business
has been effected , and prices remain the same.--The aggregate average of Sugar has been
taken for the last four months preceding the 5th instant ; it is 45s. 10 d. consequently the
import duty remains at 27s. per cwt. -Coffee. The market was rather languid until
lately, when advices were received from Hamburgh of a brisk demand and higher currency.
Thedemandhere immediatelyrevived, and everydescription of goodand fine ordinary
Jamaica realized anadvance of 2s. percwt.--Middling and good middlingwithout varia
tion . - Cotton.The demand continues extensive both for home manufacture and ex
portation. The importsinto London , Liverpool, and Glasgow , during last month , were
35,592 bags, being 1627 bagsmore than during August 1816.- -Rum in limited demand ,
withoutvariation.- -Tea .- Anextensive sale is at present going on at the India
and prices
House ;-Boheas, ld. higher; common and fine Congou , ld. to 2d. lower ; Twankay and
Hyson skin , Id., and Hyson, 3d. to 4d. higher.- Tobacco-i- in very limited demand. There
have been several arrivals, and, as the stock is likely to increase, lower prices are anticipated.
EUROPEAN PRODUCE . — Hemp, Flax, and Tallow . The demand for Hemp and Flax
has lately been very considerable, but without any variationin prices. Tallow not so brisk ,
and prices have declined 1s. to 2s. Oils.The prices of Whale Oilare advancing. There
have been considerable importations of Linseed , which are likely to affect the prices of Lin
seed Oil. - Hops. The prices have declined considerably, onaccount ofthe cropbeing
much better andgreater than was anticipated. The duty, which had been laid at £ 45,000,
is now estimated above £ 95,000.---- British Manufactures. Wehave much pleasure in
still continuing our favourable reportof this most important branch of Britishcommerce.
From all quarters we have the most flattering accounts of the reviving demand for every
species of our manufactures, as alsoof advancing wages given to workmen. The South
American market, which we have hitherto been in the habit ofestimating of small import
ance, it appears , is now become a most interesting débouché. The merchants of Jamaica,
in a late memorial to Government for protection against the numerous hordes of pirates
which at present infest the Spanish Main , state the amount of sales of British manufac
tures to the Spanish colonies at a sum much beyond what was conceived in this country;
and we may from thence form an estimate of the immense advantages which would be
derived by British commerce, if tranquillity and a freetrade were restored to that unfor
tunate country. During the last week Cotton Yarn has advanced fully 74 per cent in
Glasgow , and very considerable sales have been effected. The quantity of Cotton spun
this year in Scotland is supposed to be one-tenth more than in any preceding year.
The Premiums of Insurance at Lloyd's are advancing, on account of the season of the
year. From Jamaica 8 guineas, to return 4 per cent , for sailing before 1st August, or
after 12th January ; from the Leeward Islands, 5 guineas, return 50s. ; and 4 guineas,
return 40s. To and from the Baltic the rates are also advancing rapidly.
668 Register. - Commercial Report. [ Sept.
PRICES CURRENT. - Sept. 6.
SUGAR , Musc. LEITH . GLASGOW . LIVERPOOL .
B. P. Dry Brown , per
74 @ 78 77 68 a 78 cwt.
Mid. good, and fine mid . | 80 86 78 90 79 88
Fine and very fine , 88 94 91 93 89 93
Refined , Double Loaves, 155 160
Powder ditto , 124 128
Single ditto , 120 122) 122 122 126
Small Lumps , 115 118/114 116 123 126
Large ditto , 114 116 112 114 113 119
Crushed Lumps , 70 68 70 69 72
MOLASSES , British , 39 40 35 36 40
COFFEE, Jamaica ,

11-111811111 wa
Ord. good, and fine ord . 86 93 86 92 81 89 7

Mid. good, and fine mid. 93 106 93 105 90 106

Dutch , Triage, and very ord . 72 82 74 82
Ord . good, and fine ord . 80 90 84 90
Mid. good, and fine mid . 92 104 92 104
St Domingo , 86 92
PIMENTO ( in Bond ), 88 9 81

Illlls
9 8 lb.

oolollil
SPIRITS, Jamaica Rum ,160.P. 35 68 38 81 38 6a 38 80 38 5d 3s 70 gall.
Brandy, ng 6 9
Geneva, 3 10 4 0
IIII 186512
Grain Whisky , 7 0 7 3
198

WINES, Claret, 1st Growth , 45 50 hhd .

Portugal Red, 40 45
Spanish White, 34 46 pipe.
butt.
Teneriffe, 30 35
003797

Madeira , 60 70 pipe.
LOGWOOD, Jamaica , £7 £ 8 £ 7 10 £ 8 0 £8 10 £ 8 15 ton .
ago

Honduras, 8 9 8,0 90 9 10
1
***

Campeachy, 9 £9 10 8 0 9 0 9 10 10 10
FUSTIC, Jamaica , 8 10 0 8 10 9 0 1 0 14 0
Cuba , 14 C
16 10 17 10
INDIGO, Caraccas fine, 98 6d lls 6d| 8s 6d 9s 6d9s Od 11s 6d
la

Ib .
0*-

TIMBER, American Pine , 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 5 foot.

Ditto Oak , 4 0 4 6 -

Christiansand (dutiespaid ), 2 2. 2 3
Honduras Mahogany , 0 11 1 1 0 10 1 8 1 0 1 1
St Domingo ditto, 3 0 2 0 2 6
TAR , American , 16 brl.
Archangel, 19 20 19 20
PITCH, Foreign, 14
cwt.
TALLOW , Russia Yellow Candle, 66 68 66 68 72
Home Melted , 68
L11181

HEMP, Riga Rhine, £ 44 £ 45 £ 46 £ 45 ton .

-

Petersburgh Clean, 43 42 44 44
agle

Flax, Riga Thies. and Druj. Rak. 68

811

Dutch , 50 120 -

Irish , 52 53
MATS, Archangel, £ 6 0 £ 66 100 .
1110011181111124700

BRISTLER, Petersburgh Firsts, 16 10 £17 cwt.

ASHEⓇ, Petersburgh Pearl, 638
Montreal ditto , 648 668 628 638 658 67s
Pot, . 50 52 47 48 48 51
OIL, Whale, Uncertain . 47 48 tun .
Cod , 55 (p.brl.com Uncertain .
TOBACCO, Virginia fine , 10 101 102 11 0 84 0 9 lb.
middling, 9 91 92 10 06 06
inferior, 84 8 9 05
COTTONS, Bowed Georgia , 18 1 981 7 1 104
Sea Island , fine, 2 6 2 8 2 6 2 8
good, 2 5 2 6 2 3 2 51
middling, 2 3 2 4 1 11 2 2
Demerara and Berbice, 1 10 2 0 1 10 2 2}
West India , 1 10 2 0 19 1 10
1189

Pernambuco ,
00W*1=

2 1 2 2 2 2 2 21
Maranham , % 0 2 1 1 2 0 2 13
1817. ) Register .--- Commercial Report. 669

Weekly Price of Stocks, from Ist to 31st August 1817.

Aug. Ist. 8th . 15th . 22d. 29th .

Bank stock , 280,281 } 282,2825 283 281 2814

3 per cent. reduced , 791,793 805,817 801,814 809,80 } 805
3 per cent. consols...manorama 789,79 805,803 80,80 798,80 80
4 per cent. consols,wman.com 96,965 98,98 982,97 973,98 982
5 per cent. navy ann...ma 1031,103 , 1051,1051 1057,105 1051,105 , 1053
Imperial 3 per cent. ann... 793 793 783 79
India stock , 226,227 231 -C

bonds , 110,111 pr. 115 pr. 122 pr . 121,123 pr. 122 pr.
Exchequer bills, 31d .. 25,23 pr: 32,33 , pr. | 31,33 pr. 30,32 pr. 30,31 pr .
Consols for acc . mmmmmmmmm 793,78 } 804,813 803,80 ] 793,80 81,80 $
American 3 per cents...mama
French 5 per cents. mono 68,65
bank sharesanoon 1372.50

Premiums of Insurance at Lloyd's. Guernsey or Jersey , 15s. 9d. Cork , Dublin , or

Belfast, 15s. 9d. to 20s. Hamburgh, 12s. 6d. Madeira, 20s. to 25s. Jamaica, 40s.'
Greenland , outand home, 39 guineas.
Course of Exchange, September12.- Amsterdam , 38 :2 B.2 Us. Agio of the Bank 2 .
Antwerp , il - 15. Hamburgh , 35 : 2 : 2 } U $. Paris, 24:40 . Bourdeaux, 24 : 60.Us.
Frankfort 146. Madrid ; 361. Cadiz, 361. Gibraltar, 32. Leghorn, 48%. Genoa ,467
Lisbon , 58. Rio Janeiro , 62. Dublin, 9. Cork , 9 .
Prices ofGoldand Silver, per 07.-- Foreign gold , in bars, £ 4 : New dollars, 5s. Ifd.
Silver, in bars ,stand . 6s. 3d .
, 0
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF ENGLISH BANKRUPTCIES, announced between the 1st and
31st August 1817, extracted from the London Gazette . "6 ": "1
Ashmead , T. Bristol, haberdasher Mitchell, J. Middlesex, brewer
Bate , W. Birmingham , victualler Mosley, J. O. and H. J. Keach, London , toy -manu .
Bourne, J. London , cheesemonger facturers
Byers, A. South Shields, and W. Byers, Mile- End, Meacock, R. Liverpool, ship -chandler
ship -owners Morgan , J. Taunton, linen -draper
Best, J. Birmingham , pocket-book -maker Mycock , H. Manchester, shopkeeper
Bell, G. London , merchant Mereweather, W. Aborfield , timber -merchant
Betts, J. T. London, rectifying distiller Northall, W. K. Wolverhampton , schoolmaster
Booth , J. and E. Caunce, Chorly , Lancaster, spirit- Nichols, T. and J. Marlow, Birmingham , leather
dealer sellers
Cotell, J. North Wraxall, paper-maker Perkins, J. Coventry, doctor of physic
Coulter, J. Chatham , carpenter Philips,A. & B.Lozer, London m, erchants
Cozens, W. Kensington , linen-draper Parker, W. Hawkesclough, Halifax, shoemaker
Dauncey, J. Baltonsbury, Somerset, cattle-dealer Phillips, H. London , coffeehouse -keeper
Davis, C. London , cabinet-maker Plackett, T. Breaston , Derby , butcher
Day , W. New Kent Road , Surrey, plumber Powell, R. Carlisle, innkeeper
Dowsett ,S. Borehamwood, Herts, silkman Rankine, D. and J. Wilson, Camden Town , mer,
Diggles, G. London , money -scrivener chants
Daman , T. Teddington , farmer Reeve and Leigh, London and Manchester, ware
Donald , J. Abbot Lodge, Westmoreland , cattle- housemen
dealer Richards, S. Liverpool, merchant
Eltonhead , J. Liverpool, spirit -merchant Roberts, 0.Alnwick , Anglesey, shopkeeper
Francis, J. Hunsdon , corn -factor Russel , D. Downham , victualler
Frewing , J. Blackwater, Surrey, grocer Reeks, w . jun. Wimborne-minster, tanner
Frisby, R. Leicester, horse-dealer Ripley, J. Lancaster, merchant
Fustain , W.Liverpool, wholesale -grocer Renton , M. London , saddler
Fry, E. London , upholsterer Salmon , J. Westbury, dealer
Glasson , R. Skelton, Cumberland , butter-dealer Salter, J. Halberton , Devon ,dealer
Gompertz, H. Hampstead, merchant Scholefield , N. and T. W. Kershaw , Greenwich ,
Goudie, J. Liverpool, ash -manufacturer haberdashers
Hanbury, C. &. W. London , distillers Skyring, Z. London , builder
Hazell, G. Saltford , victualler Scott, W. Longtown, bacon -dealer
Hannums, E. London , insurance- broker Shaw, S. London , merchant
Holt, J. L. Manchester, dealer Spink, H. St James's, Westminster, smith
Humphreys, S. London, merchant Shaw , R. H. Liverpool, merchant
Hiscock , É . Abingdon, Berks, woollen -draper Taylor, G. Gorton, cotton -manufacturer
Haynes, M.S. London, wine -dealer Taylor, J. Credenhill, Hereford , shoemaker
Hurdis, R. Oxford , cordwainer Thompson, J. Atherston, linen -draper
James, R. Bailth , Brecon , ironmonger Taylor, J. Gosport, pawnbroker
Johnston , T. Tynemouth, miller Tory, E. Christ-church , Southampton , grocer
Jackson , W. and W. Kelly, Shepton -Mallet, grocers Treharne, E. Llandarog , dealer
Kearney, P. Manchester , tailor Tuckett, P. D.and W. Bristol, wholesale grocers
Lewis , E. Llanbister, Radnor, farmer Warner, J. Great Wigston, lime and coal-merchant
Linder, R. London , ship and insurance broker Wetton , B. Manchester, tailor
Lewarn, W. Taunton , carpenter Wise, W. Bath , bookseller
Lakeman , D. H. Liverpool, merchant Walduck , H. London , cheesemonger
Mallins, J, Oxford, dealer Wolstencroft, J. Lancaster, brewer
Mayor,J. London, merchant Weale, W. Birmingham , brazier
Mann , J. H. Aveton -Gifford, cider-merchant Withers, J. Bristol, hat-manufacturer
Mann , J. senior , Templesowerby, tanner Yeo, R.Bristol , hat-manufacturer
 670 Register .-- Births, Marriages, and Deaths. ( Sept.

ALPHABETICAL LIST of Scotch BANKRUPTCIES, announced between the 1st and

31st August 1817, extracted from the Edinburgh Gazette.
SEQUESTRATION .
Brown , W.jun. Edinburgh, merchant
Ferguson , P. jun. Glasgow , slater
Guthrie , P. Edinburgh , spirit and porter -dealer
Gillan , J. Peterhead , merchant and iron - founder
Henderson , D. Linlithgow , merchant
Johnston , G. Annan , apothecary
Leitch , W. Glasgow , merchant
Murray, M. Billiehill, sheep-dealer
M‘Intosh , L. Tain , draper
M‘Master, E. Traigh of Moror, cattle -dealer
Oliver, P. New Castletown, merchant
Reid , J. Thurso , writer, cattle-dealer, & c .
Ross, J. Inverness, coaland wood -merchant
DIVIDENDS.
Armstrong, R. Greenock , merchant; by W. Fer-
guson , 18 , Trongate, Glasgow , 17th September
Currie, J. Arbroath , merchant ; by James Walker,
merchant there, 15th September
Cobb, J. Pitcarles, cattle -dealer; by J. Milne, in
Warby's Inn , Bervie, 13th Septeniber
Crombie, H. & Co. Glasgow , merchants; by A.
Lawson , St Andrew's Square there , 19th Sep
tember
Gladstone, H. Leith , merchant; by T. Thomson ,
Edinburgh Glasshouses, Leith , 2d September
Kennedy, W , Annan , linen -draper ; by James Ru
therford , accountant there, 20th September
Reid, J. Glasgow , cabinet-maker; by A. Lawson ,
St Andrew's Square there, 24th September
Swanston, J. & Co. Glasgow , merchants; by Jas
Ewing ,merchant there ,10th October
Whyte, D. of Blair, eattle-dealer, & c.; by Wm
Ferguson , Maybolé, 30 September

BIRTHS, MARRIAGES, AND DEATHS.

BIRTHS . -At Castle Guthrie, the lady of Thomas

July 31. At Camis-Eskan, Mrs Dennis- Mylne, Esq. of Mylnefield, of ason. - 25.
toun of Colgrain , of a daughter. At Durie, the lady of C. M. Christie, Esq .
August 2. At Forgo Lodge, Dumfries. of a son.26. At Dunmore, Mrs Campbell,
shire, the Lady of Pulteney Mein , Esq. of of a daughter.
a son.-- Mrs H. Kemble , wife of Mi H. Sept. 1. At Dean Bank , Mrs Captain
Kemble, of the Brighton theatre, of a son . Roy , of a daughter.
-4 . The lady of DrCampbell,surgeon , Lately .-- At Linslade-house , the Right
No 4, Union Street, Edinburgh, ofa son.- Hon. Lady Jane Pym , of a daughter .
6. At the West Kirk manse, Edinburgh , At London, the lady of James Alexander,
Mrs Dickson, of a son . - 9. At Fisherrow , Esq. M.P. of a daughter.
Mrs Alex. Vernor, of a daughter.-- 11. At
29, Northumberland Street, Edinburgh , MARRIAGES .
Mrs Jas Grahame, of a daughter..- 12. At July 13. At St Petersburgh, the Arch
Hewton, near Jedburgh, Mrs Hogarth ,of a duke Nicholas of Russia to the Princess
son . At London, the lady of Count Jules Charlotte of Prussia. — 24. At Edinburgh,
de Polignac, of a son .- 13. Mrs Robertson , Mr William Nivison , bookseller, to Mary,
HopeStreet, Leith Walk ,of a son. 15.At daughter of Mr John Richmond, nursery
Framlingham , Norfolk , MrsRigby, of four and seedsman , Annan .
children , three boys and a girl. Mrs Rigby August 2. At Limerick, J. F. Hamilton ,
is as well as is usual so soon afterchild-birth : Esq. of Westport, to the Hon. Georgina
the children are all alive and quite hearty. Vereker, second daughter of theRight
Before the birth of these little ones , Dr Hon. Lord Viscount Gort. - 4 . At Kettle
Rigby wasthe father, by his present wife, house, Fifeshire, Robert Ballingall, Esq.
of eight children , the two eldest of whom of Burnturk , to Margaret, eldest daughter
are twins. Remarkable as is the above of the Rev. Peter Barclay .- 5. At Dundee ,
event, there are circumstances which render Alexander Ramsay , M.D. to Miss Jean
it peculiarly so. Dr Rigby is a great-grand- Blair, daughter of David Blair, Esq . of
father, and probably neverbefore wereborn, Cookstone. - 6. At Haddington, James Fer
at one birth , three great-uncles and a great- guson ,Esq. of Kinmundy, to Emily, daugh
aunt — such being the relationship between ter of the Rev. Robert Chalmers, Hadding
the above-mentioned parties and the infant ton.At Edinburgh, MrHugh Handyside,
son of Mr John Bawtree, jun. of Colchester. St Patrick Square , to Isabella, daughter of
-17 . At Caverhills, the lady of James the late Peter Martin , Esq. Belleville.At
Burnet, younger of Barns, of a son . - 20. Edinburgh, Mr Henry Spears, Auchtertool,
Lady Dunbar of Boath, of a daughter.- to Elizabeth, daughter of the late William
22. At Rochsoles-house, the lady of Lieut. Dawson, Esq. ofCraden. - 7. At Sanda
Colonel Gerard of Rochsoles, of a daughter. house, Lieutenant-Colonel JamesFullarton,
-24. In George's Square, Edinburgh , Mrs C. B. rifle brigade, son of the late Lewis
Folliott Baugh,of a daughter.-- At Edin . Fullarton, Esq. of Kilmichael, to Jean
burgh, Mrs Maitland of Eccles, of a son . Johnston , daughter of Colin MacLarty
1817.] Register.Marriages and Deaths. 671
Esq . M. D. of Chester Vale, Jamaica. supervisor of excise. At Grange-house,
At Edinburgh, the Rev. William Robert- George Thorburn, Esq. merchant, Leith,
son , minister of Laggan, to Margaret, eld- to Anne, daughter of Robert Forrester,
est daughter of James Robertson , Esq. Esq. treasurer , Bank of Scotland .- 27. At
W. S.- 8. At Edinburgh, John Gairdner, East Comrage, near Fort George, Kenneth
Esq. M.D. Fellow of the Royal College of Mackenzie, Esq. of Dundonnell, to Isabella
Surgeons, to Susanna , daughter of William Colina, daughter of James Roy, Esq. sur
Tennant, Esq. merchant there . - 9. At geon to the forces.
Edinburgh , Alexander Cadenhead , Esq. Lately- At Edinburgh, John Laidlaw ,
advocate , Aberdeen , to Jane daughter of Esq. late of the 61st regiment,to Catherine,
Dr Sherrifs.-- 11. At North Berwick, Fran- second daughter of the late Mr Denham ,
cis James Adam , Esq. youngest son of the writer.
Right Hon. the Lord Chief Commissioner
Adam , to Mary, daughter of his Excellency DEATHS .
General Poltaranzky .-- At Stranraer, Colo- Jan. 25. At Meerut, East Indies, Mrs
nel, M Nair, 90th regiment of foot, to Anne, Bruton , wife of Major Bruton of his Ma.
only daughter of William Ross, Esq. col. jesty's-8th light dragoons. - 31. At Kytah,
lector of his Majesty's customs there.At Bundelkund , East Indies, Capt. Alexander
Claret, James Dunlop, Esq. distiller, Un- Tod, of the 1st battalian 26th regiment
derwood , to Janet, eldest daughter of John Bengal nativeinfantry, aged 36, eldest son
Russell, Esq. - 12 . At Middleton , Linlith-of MrRobert Tod , farmer, Tipperty, Banff
gowshire, Alexander Norman Macleod , shire.
Esq. of Harris, to Richmond Margaret, February. At Ceylon , William Orr, Esq .
second daughter of William Inglis, Esq.- of the civil service there, eldest son of the
14. At Edinburgh , the Rev. John Muir, late Patrick Orr , Esq. of Bridgeton .
minister of St Vigean's, to Grace, daughter March 18. At Madras, George Hay, Esq.
of the late Mr James Watson , painter in June 20. At Charlestown , South Caro ..
Edinburgh . - 15. At Juniperbank , Mr John lina, Mr John Benthron , merchant there,
Turnbull, merchant, Selkirk, to Isabel, son of the late Mr James Bonthron , builder
daughter of Mr John Thorburn , Juniper . in Edinburgh . - 30. At Athens, aged 24 ,
bank.At Edinburgh ,George Turnbull of ofa fever,occasioned by fatigue in the too
St Bathan's, Esq. W. S. to Grace, youngest ardent pursuit of knowledge, and rendered
daughter of the late James Brunton of fatal by the extreme heat of the climate ,
Lugton Bridgend , Esq. -16. At Morland , Benjamin Gott, jun. second son of Benjamin
near Shap, Westmoreland, Mr Thomas Gott, Esq. of Leeds.
Mounsey , Cetra Park , farmer, to Miss July 1. At Hastings, Thomas Cockburn
Atkinson, only daughter of Mr Thomas Stothert of Blaiket , Esq. advocatė.6. At
Atkinson , yeoman , of Sandriggs, near Great Jersey, Mrs Home, widow of Major James
Strickland. The bride is heir to property - Home of theEast India Company's service.
not less than twenty thousand pounds, and -22. At Edinburgh , Mrs Young.- 23.
has been brought up with the most exact The Rev. Thomas Bain, rector of the aca-
economy, and exclusively employed in the demy of Fortrose.At Aberdeen , Lieut.
dairy.18 . At Strathenry , Andrew Cle- Ogle Moore, R. N. in the 34th year of his
phane, Esq. advocate, toAnna Maria , se- age. - 24. At Hodsack Priory, Yorkshire ,
cond daughter of Robert Douglas, Esq. late Lieutenant-Colonel Mellish , equerry to the
lieutenant-colonel 58th regiment of foot.- Prince Regent, agentleman of great cele
At Edinburgh , James Bridges, Esq. W. S. brity on the turf. - 26. At Glasgow , the
to Jane, youngest daughter of the late Rev. William Thomson , minister of Ochile
Lieutenant- Colonel Macdonald, of the royal trie.At Dollerie, Miss Oliphant of Con
marines._19 . At Glasgow , John Green . die. - 29. At his house, Abercrombie Place,
shields, Esq. late of Quebec, to Miss Mar. Edinburgh, John Tait, Esq . W.- S... 30.
garet Inglis Dale, eldest daughter of James At London, Major William Shairp, of the
Dale , Esq. merchant. At Inverary , Capt. royalmarines. At Edinburgh, at the age
Donald Campbell, royal navy , to Isabella , of 74 , Mr James Swan, hair-dresser. His
daughter of John Campbell, Esq.of Craig- funeral wasattended by two of his custom
nure.At St John's, Newfoundland , Mr ers, on whom he had been in the habit of
James Fergus, merchant, to Mrs Eliza waiting regularly every day for upwards of
Boucher . - 20. At Edinburgh , Gavin Ale 35 years.
ston, Esq. W. S. to Jane Thomson, only August 1. At his house, Rodney Builde
daughter of Captain Thomson , royal navy. ings, New Kent Road, London, in the69th
-21. At Eglinton Castle, Richard A. Os year ofhis age, Alexander Murray Shields,
wald, Esq. of Auchencruive, to the Right Esq; ofLloyd's Coffeehouse.- At Arthur
Hon. LadyLilias M'Queen.At Montrose, stone, Colonel Duncan MacPherson of
William Mowbray, Esq. merchant in Leith, Cluny. Athis seat at St Catherine's, near
to Miss M, M. Chalmers, eldest daughter Dublin, in the 88th year of his age , the
of the Rev. William Chalmers of Auchter. Right Hon. David Latouche, many years
gavon . - 26. At Edinburgh, the Rev. Walter one of his Majesty's Privy Council, and for
Dunlop, Dumfries, to Miss Janet M Lean, 40 years a member of the Parliament of
daughter of the late Daniel M‘Lean, Esq. Ireland. He was the senior partner in the
6
672 Register . - Deaths.
great banking-house of Latouche & Co. Balnespick .- 12. At St Andrews, ofa rapid
Dublin, longcelebrated in every part of the decline, the consequence of a ruptured blood .
British empire for probity, honour, and vessel in the lungs, Jane Ann , fourth daugh
solidity. So established was its character ter of Mrs Bertram of St Leonard's. - 16 .
for wealth , that “ as good as Latouche" At London , Major-General Sir Montagu
was a familiar phrase in Ireland, when it R. Burgoyne, Bart. of Sutton Park , Bed .
wassought to convey an idea of superior fordshire, after a long and painful illness.
solidity and sufficiency in pecuniary trans- At Hartree -house , Colonel Alexander Dick .
actions; and all this wealth was associated son of Hartree. - 17 . At Bruntsfield Links,
with a spirit of liberalityand humanity ,that Miss Catharine Forbes Montgomerie. At
forbade envy , and conciliated universal re- Edinburgh , Mr Richard Crichton , architect.
spect and esteem . - 2 . AtDrimmie Cottage, -19. In Old Burlington Street, London ,
near Blairgowrie, William Chalmers, Esq. late
Dundee,
MissMargarate Mure, third
William Mure
daughter of the
Caldwell, Esq. one
town clerkof aged 75 years. Be- of
sides holding other situations of trust, he of the barons of exchequer for Scotland .
has been principal clerk of the burgh of 20. At Kersehill, Mrs Christian Rattray ,
Dundee for 45 years, and keeper of the wife of Alexander Ramsay ,Esq. banker,
register of sasinesand clerk of the peace for Falkirk.- 21. At Clapham Common, near
the county of Forfar, for many years past. London, John Smith, Esq. of Lombard
-At Borrowstounness, Miss Mary Padon , Street, banker.- At Setonhill, East Lothian ,
aged 80 years.At Port-Glasgow, a fort- Mr Peter Bairnsfather, junior, farmer.
night after he landed from the island of 22. In Harley Street,London, of a deep
Tobago, Alexander Scott, Esq. much la- decline, the Right Hon. Frances Lady
mented by his family and friends. 3. At Redesdale, in her 51st year. Her lady
Knockbain , parish ofKirkhill, John Fraser, ship was the daughter of the late Earl of
aged 102years. He fought under the ban . Egmont, sisterto the present Lord Arden,
ners of the chief of the clan at Culloden , and of the late lamented Right Hon. Spen
and on many other occasions. - 5 . At Edina cer Perceval. - 23. At Mill-hill, Mussel .
burgh, John Gillespie, Esq. of Sunnyside burgh, Charles Stewart, Esq. formerly com
Lodge, Lanarkshire. - At his house in Gil. mander of the Hon. East India Company's
more Place, Edinburgh,Mr James M - Cliesh, ship Airly Castle. At his house in Buc
late bookseller there. - 6. At Blaircessnock cleuch Street, Edinburgh , in the 74th year
of Cardross, Mr James Sands, senior, aged of his age, Mr John Ballantyne, late mer
90 years.-- At Edinburgh, Mr Thomas chant in Kelso. - 24.– At Herne Hill, near
Henderson, eldest son of Thomas Hender. Dulwich, Signora Storace.benevolence
For the good.
son , Esq. city chamberlain. - 8. At Hay. ness of her heart and the of her
field, by Kinross, at the advanced age of natureshe hasever been mostOfeminently
her pro
84, Mrs Syme, relict of David Syme, Esq. and deservedly disting hed .
of Cartmore.--At Edinburgh , Mrs Ann fessional talents, as a singer and actress,
Laurie, relict of the Rev. Robert Ure, mi- it is unnecessary to say any thing : they
nister of Airth . At Knottingley, near were the delight and admiration of the
Ferrybridge, in the 89th year of his age, public ; and certainly she was altogether
MrChristopher Abbott, comedian. He was unrivalled in her particular line. - 25. At
well known for the lastfifty years in the Edinburgh, Mr_Adam Brooks,merchant
counties of York and Lincoln , and uni- there. - 26. At Burntfield Links, after a
versally respected. He was a man of great long and painful illness, contracted in the
probity and patriotism , and no less eccen- service, which he bore with great fortitude,
tricity ; and , till within a short time of his Mr Robert Walker, surgeon , royal navy.
death, was scarcelyever known to have had 27.At Edinburgh , Miss Fyffé,daughter
a day's illness. He was at the taking of of the late John Fyffe , Esq. banker in
Belleisle, at which place he was severely Edinburgh .-- 29. Ať Edinburgh, *Master
wounded. It washis greatest pride, that all Alexander Ross, only son of the deceased
his sons had served their country, and nearly Colonel Alexander Ross of Balsarroch.
all his male relations ; and, according to Lately—-At Nassau, New Providence ,
his own calculation, he had walked nearly the Rev. John Stephen, L.L.D. rector of
twice round the globe.9. At Williamfield , Christ Church ,and chaplain to his Majesty's
Mr David Wardrobe Chrystal, writer in forces in the Bahama Islands.---AtBalla
Stirling, in the 26th year of his age. At chroan, county of Inverness, Mrs Captain
Rose Park ,Grace, eldest daughter of Pro- Forbes Macdonell, second daughter of the
fessor Dunbar , aged four years .-- 10. At lateJohn M.Pherson, Esq. of Inverhall.
his house at Doonfoot, Mr Charles Aber- At Grenada, aged 21 , of the fever of the
cromby, civil engineer. In Upper Berkeley country, Mr Benjamin Brown, hospital
Street, London , Lieut -Colonel the Hon. assistant to the forces . - At Oxcomb, Lin
William Grey , fourth son of the late, and colnshire, aged 47, Mr W. Grant, grazier .
brother to the present, Earl Grey. - 11. At He has left property to the amount of
Cheltenham , William Mackintosh, Esq. of £ 100,000 .

Oliver & Boyd, Printers, Edinburgh.

 INDEX TO VOLUME I.

A. Bingley's Useful Knowledge, review of, 178.

ACCIDENT, dreadful one in a coal- pit, 546. Births, 119, 227 , 339, 450, 557, 670.
Adam, the late Dr, letter of Dr Vincent Black Dwarf, some account of the supposed
respecting, 260. original of, 235.
Africa, failure of the expedition to theCon- Blasphemous works, government circular
go , 101. - Unfavourable account of that respecting, 326.
to the Niger, 434.- Its failure, 651. Bonaparte complains of his rigorous treat
Agricultural Reports, 116, 224 , 336, 447, ment in St Helena, 101, - Account of
554, 665. daily provisions served to him , 216.
Algiers, the plague raging there, 651. Conversation between him and Lord Am
Alloa, Shakspeare club of, 152. herst, 651.
Amber imbedded in limestone, 483. Joseph, purchases an estate in
Amelia Island seized by M‘Gregor, an in- America, 649.
surgent chief, 533. Bond of alliance between the Earls of Hunt
America, United States of, speech of the ley, Marischall, and Errol, 498.
President, and proceedings of the Con- Bowed Davie, the original of the “ Black
gress, 99. Speech of thenew President, Dwarf,” account of, 235 .
Mr Munro, 204. Emigrations from Eu- Bower of Spring, a poem , review of, 415.
rope to, 649. Bread and salt, oath of, 236.
South , vacillating state of the British Legislation , 218 , 439.
contest there, 100, 204.- Insurrection at Buchanan , review of Irving's Life of, 286.
Pernambuco , and revolution in Chili, 431. Byron, Lord , review of his drama of Man.
-Success of the insurgents in Caraccas, fred, 289.
533 . C.
American Commissioners, their report on a Carr Rock , account of a stone beacon erect
steam vessel of war, 30 . ing on it, 358.
Analytical Notices of the Edinburgh Re- Chain -bridge, account of one at Dryburgh ,
view , 81 , 300. - The Quarterly Review , 660.
83, 296. — Supplement to Encyclopædia Chalmers's Discourses, review of, 73.
Britannica, 180. - Edinburgh Encyclo. Chartulary of Kelso, extracts from , 496.
pædia, 186. Chepman, Walter, printer, documents re
Angouleme, Duchess of, review of her jour- lating to, 621 .
nal, 172. Chili, successful revolution there, 431 , 650.
Animal Magnetism , observations on , 563. Chimney -sweepers, trial of one for murder.
Antiquarian Repertory , 65, 167, 398, 496, ing his apprentice, 517.
621. China, failure of the British embassy to the
Antiquaries, anecdotes of, 136 . court of, 205.-Statistical account of the
Appointments, promotions, &c. 219, 330, empire, 433.
442, 549, 662. Clark , Lady Mary, anecdote by, of the
Aristus and Deinus, story of, 367. Highlanders in 1745, 129.
Armata , a review of, 78. Cleland, Colonel, extracts from his mock
Army, British , strength of, in the colonies, poem on the Highland Host, 69.-- Some
435 . account of his life and poems, 609.
Auchtermuchtie, wife of, a favourite old Cobbett, Mr, leaves England for America ,
ballad , 87. 217. His address to the public, 323.
Australasia , maritime discoveries in , 493. Coleman's Eccentricities for Edinburgh , re
Austria , account of a new religious sect view of, 417.
there, 202. Colonial policy, observations on the British
B. system of, 25 .
Banks for Savings, on the constitution and Combustion , chemical process of, 138.
moral effects of, 17 .-- Extension of the Commercial Reports, 113, 221 , 333 , 414,
system , 327. 551, 667.
Barbadoes, fall of volcanic dust there, 134 . Congo river, failure of the expedition sent
Bath stove, curious old handbill respecting to explore it, 101.
one at Leith , 500. Correspondence between Montrose, Queens
Beaufoy, Colonel, account of his journey to berry, and Graham of Claverhouse, 199.
Mount Blanc , 59. Cotton yarn , on the exportation of, 172.
Berlin , destruction of the national theatre Craniad, The, or Spurzheim illustrated , a
there by fire, 648 . poem , review of, 280.
Bible societies, bull of the Pope against Craniology , observations on the controversy
them , 2012 on , 35. -Defence of Dr Spurzheim , 365.
674 Inder .

Crashaw's “ Suspicion of Herod , ” extracts Greeks, on the Sculpture of the, 9 .

from , 140 . Greek Tragedy, remarks on-Æschyli Pro
Czerny -Georges beheaded by the Turks, 649. metheus, 39.- schyli Chophori --So
D. phoclis Electra, 147.Septem adversus
Deaths, 120, 227 , 339 , 451, 558, 671 . Thebas Æschyli -- Euripidis Phænissæ ,
Dedication , singular one, of a fountain to 352. - Philoctetes Sophoclis, 593.
the memory of Stewart of Allanton , 480. Grenfell, Pascoe, review of his Speech re
Denmark , exertions of, to raise a navy, 618. specting the Bank of England , 408.
Drowning , narrow escape from , of a blind Gypsies, Scottish, interesting notices con
and deaf boy, 240 . cerning them , 43, 154, 615.- Anecdotes
Dunblane, account of a mineral spring there, of Jean Gordon , 54, 161 , 618. - Report
485. concerning those of Roxburghshire, 156 .
Dunkeld , narrative of the conflict at, in - Notices respecting them in the Justi
August 1687, 612. ciary Records, & c . 615.
E.
H.
Edgeworth's Harrington and Ormond, re Harold the Dauntless, a poem, review of,
view of, 519 , 631 . 76.
Edinburgh, on the proposed establishment Highland Society of London , meeting of,
of a Foundling Hospital there, 38. 217.
Wernerian Society of, 231. - Introduction Highland Chief, sham epistle from a, 236.
to a medical report of, 266. - On the Highland Host,account ofthe, 68 .
diseases lately prevalent in, 394 ..--Inter- Highlandersin 1745,anecdote of the, 129.
esting incident there, 661.Juvenile Horizon , White's new invented one, 142.
depredations in , 662. Horner, Francis, Esq. M.P. memoir of the
Egyptians, act of Privy Council anent some, late, 3.
66. -Letter from James IV . to the King Hospitals forthe sick, on the origin of,130.
of Denmark , in favour of, 167. See Hoyland , John , some remarks on his His.
Gypsies . torical Survey , & c. 58.- Answers to his
England, disturbances in, 545.
Engraving on stone, the method of, 128.
queries regarding the Scottish Gypsies,
156 .
F.
Hutton , Life of, by his daughter, review
Faustus, Dr, Marlow's tragical history of, of, 413 .
383. I.
Faw,
the John, LordofofScotland
Privy Seal Litill Egipt, writ of,
in favour of Jews, edict of the Emperor of Russia in
favour of, 203.
65.- Act of the Lords of Council respect- Inconstancy, the Progress of,atale, 601.
ing 167. Indies, East, the Snowy Mountains crossed
Finances of Britain , 545 .
Foreign Scenery and Manners, Sketches of, by Capt. Webb, 100.- Military strength
of the native chiefs , 432. - Incursions of
251 , 359 , 487 , 582.
Foundling Hospital, on the proposed estab. the Pindarees, 433.-- Storming of Fort
Hattras, 534 .
lishment of one in Edinburgh, 38 . Indies, West, infested by South American
France, proceedings of the legislature of, privateers, 534, 650.
96.-of
State Riot a theatre
theatmilitary force, Paris,- Income
in 200. 199. Inventory , curious one, of the effects of
Allan Stewart of Allanton , in the year
and expenditure of, 315. — Emigrations 1517 , 480.
from , to America , 428. - The govern ; Ionian Islands, conspiracy discovered there,
ment endeavours to conciliate the old 318 .
army, 647.-- Concordat between the Pope Ireland, distresses and disturbances in, 545 .
and the king of, ib.--Execution of two Irvine, melancholy occurrence there, 659.
English soldiers in , ib .
Isle of, dreadful fire there , 101.
Italy, emigrationsof Englishman to , 98.
G. K.
Gaelic Dictionary, letter respecting the Kemble, J. P. observations on his Essay on
compilation of one, 256. Macbeth and King Richard III . 455 .
General Assembly, meeting of the, 438 . King, The, interesting particulars concern
Genius, original, observations on, 347. ing, 660.
Germany , amount of the Austrian army, L.
98.Emigrations from , 317.-- Prohibi- Lalla Rookh, review of, 279, 503.
tion of Bible societies in Hungary, 429. Languages, ancient and foreign, on the
Ghent, horrible catastrophe there, 200. utility of studying, 567.
Glasgow , alleged conspiracy in , developed Legislation, British , 218, 439.
in Parliament by the Lord Advocate, Leith, violent gale at, 214.
108.-Arrests there for treasonable prace Libel, trial for, 543.
tices, 213, 215. Life preserver, interesting experiments with
Grahame, James, author of " The Sab. a new one, 661 .
bath ," memoir of, 596 . Lisbon , alarming conspiracy there, 428 .
Grand Duke Nicholas of Russia visits Brie Literary and Scientific Intelligence, 85,
tain , 216. 189, 303, 418, 523, 636 .
 Index. 675
Literary Romance , fragment of, 382, 465, Patents lately enrolled , 440 .
573. Plants, on the vegetable power in the seeds
Lithography, or art of engraving on stone, of, 239.
method of, 128. Pernambuco, insurrection there , 431..The
Lovat, Lord, his memorial to George I. rebels defeated and put down , 532.
398 . Pirates, a number of them executed at Con
Lyall, Margaret, remarkable case of, 61. stantinople, 649.Account of their ex.
M. cesses in the Persian Gulf, 651.
Macbeth , charter granted by him to the Cul. Poetical Epistles, review of, 626.
dees of Lochleven , 85 . Poetry, Original. The Desolate Village,
Mackenzie, Sir George, of Rosehaugh, ac- 70..-Italy, 71.- Verses on the final Vic
count of his Ms. History of Scotland , tory over the French , 72.-A last Adieu .
273 . -The Past The Mossy Seat, 169.
Mareschal, on the nature and office of, 123. A Night Scene- Lines written in Spring,
Marlow's Tragical History of Dr Faustus, 170. The Mermaid ; from the German
remarks on , 388. -Greece ; from the French , 171. - Son .
Marriages, 119, 227 , 339, 450, 557, 670. net to the Yew Tree-The Wreath
Marshal, Billy, a gypsey chief, account of, Song -- The Burial of Sir John Moore,
462.Humorous story concerning, 618. 277. The Moss Rose The two Graves ,
Memorandums of a View- Hunter, 27.-His 278.-- The Captive Lark - Sonnets, &c.
observations at Dover, 28.-On Shak- 404 .-- The Lesson ; from the German ,
speare's Cliff, 373. - Passage to Calais, 405. – Lines written in a Highland Glen
374.- Calais, 589. The Widowed Mother - On Domestic
Meteorological Tables, 118, 226, 338 , 448 , Happiness, 501.Sonnets - On Friend .
556 , 665 . ship - On the Grave of a Child , 502....
Observations , 572. On the Death of a Young Lady, 623 .
Milton's Satan , the original of, 140. Passage through the Desert- A Fairy
Mineral Spring, account of one at Dun- Ballad, 624.-To the Memory of a very
blane, 485. Promising Child , 625.
Mitchell, James, the blind and deaf boy, Poland, military conscription in , 99.Emi
narrow escape of, from drowning 240. grations from Scotland to, 543.
Modern Greece, a poem , review of, 515. Pompeii, on the researches at, 372.
Montrose, disfranchisement of the burgh of, Poor, communication on the subject of their
544 . relief, 241..Method of supplying them
Moore's Lalla Rookh , review of, 279, 503. with soupat Geneva , 387.On the edu
Sacred Songs, review of, 630. cation of their children , 474 .
Moorish Privateers in the North Sea, 437. Pope, The, issues a bull against bible socie
Mount Blanc, account of a journey to the ties, 201.- Concordat between him and
summit of, 59. the King of France, 647. Authorises the
Mudge, Colonel, communication from him King of Spain to levy a subsidy on the
respecting the trigonometrical survey of property of the church , 647.
Great Britain , 234. Port-au -Prince, explosion of a magazine by
Music, cursory remarks on , 343, 459. lightning there, 651 ,
Musical Museum , Scots, account of, 377. Portugal , conspiracy in Lisbon discovered
N. anddefeated , 428 .- . Trial of the conspi
Natural History, on the study of some rators, 647 .
Branches of, 569. Prince Regent, his speech on opening Par
Navy, British , regulations respecting, 659. liament, 102.--- Attack on his coach by
Nelson , Lord, erection of a pillar to his me- a London mob , ill.His Speech on
mory at Yarmouth , 660. proroguing Parliament, 655.
New Coin , description of the, 212, 216. Printing Presses established in Constanti
Newfoundland, distressing fire there, 649. nople, 649.
Niger, failure of the expedition to, and Printing Press, account of Mr Ruthven's
death of Captain Campbell, 631. new one, 125 .
Nugæ Literariæ , 484 , Printing, Scottish , documents relating to ,
0. 621.
O'Connor, Roger, arrest of, on a charge of Prussia, the King of, visits Paris under the
mail- coach robbery, 330. - His trial and title of Count Ruppin , 647.
acquittal, 660. Public accounts , 441.
P. Publications, list of new ones, 90, 196, 310,
Parliament opened on 28th January , 102. 424, 629, 643 .
-The Regent's message on the state of
the country, 103.- Numerous petitions Quebec, numerous emigrants from Britain
for reform in , 208. - Resignation of the to , 650.
Speaker, 542.- Suspension of the Habeas R.
Corpus Act, 654.-Prorogued by the Review of Chalmers's Discourses, 73.-Of
Prince Regent, 655. Harold the Dauntless, a poem , 76.Of
Pastoral Life, tales and anecdotes of, 22, Armata , a fragment, 78. Of Stories for
143 , 247. Children , 79. Ofthe Duchess of Angou
 670 Index .
leme's Journal, 172 ...Of Ricardo on Poe Steam Boat, explosion of one at Norwich ,
litical Economy, 175. - Of Bingley's Use- 325 .-- and at Richmond, 545 .
ful Knowledge, 178. - Of Moore's Lalla Stewart's Natural History, review of, 510.
Rookh, 279, 503. - Of Irving's Life of Stewarts of Allanton , communication re
Buchanan , 286.Of the Craniad , a poem , specting them , 319.- -Feuds between
288. - 0f Lord Byron's Manfred , 289.- them and the Somervilles, 350.-- Reply
Of Grenfell's Speech , on the transactions • to the foregoing article, 476.Curious
with the Bank of England, 406.-Of the inventory of the effects of Allan Stewart,
Life of William Hutton , by his Daugh- 480. - Singular dedication of a fountain
ter , 413 .-_ Of a comparative view of the to his memory , ib.
British and American Constitutions, 414. Stories for Children , review of, 79.
-of the Bower of Spring; 415.-Of Strathearn, geological observations on, 587.
Coleman's Eccentricities for Edinburgh , Sugar Cane, observations on its culture in
417. - Of Stewart's Natural History, 510. the United States, 25 .
Of Modern Greece, a poem , 515. - 0f Sweden , plot to overturn the government
Miss Edgeworth's Harrington and Or- of, 98. - Anti- commercial policy of, 317.
mond , 519, 631.-- Of Poetical Epistles, -Its absurdity and inutility , 648.
626. - Of Moore's Sacred Songs, 630 . Switzerland , dreadful avalanche there, 202.
Ricardo on Political Economy, review of, - Tradition related by a monk in , 270 .
175. Damage by inundations, 532. - A tile
Robbery of the mail from Edinburgh to manufactory set on fire by water , 648 .
Stirling, 214 . T.
Romance,fragment ofa Literary, 382, 465, Tales and anecdotes of the pastoral life ,
573.
22, 143, 247.
Russia,enpacific policyntof,of648.
his new Printing Therm ometer, on its use as a hygrometer,
Ruthv , Mr, accou 381 .
Press, 125. Thunder Storm , account of one in Lanark
S.
Sacred Songs, by T. Moore , review of, 630 . shire, 471.- In Edinburgh, 544.
Saddler, Mr, crosses the Irish Channel in Tradition related by a monk in Switzer
land , 270.
his balloon , 548 .
trials for, 541.
Saint Hilary,inscription in the church of, Treasons,
Trigonometrical Survey of Britain , com
130 .
munication from Colonel Mudge on the
Salt, on the ancient custom of sitting below subject of, 234.
it at table, 33 , 132 , 349. U.
Salt, on the symbolical use of, 579.
Scots Musical Museum , account of, 377. Unlawful Oaths, trial of Mackinlay for ad
Appeal, decision of an interesting one, ministering, 547.
436 . V.
Scottish Songs, on the humour of our an Vegetativepower in the seeds of plants, Mr
cient ones , 237. Lauder Dick's experiments on , 239.
Peer, election of one, 326. Venice, present state of the city of, 16 .
Sculpture, observations on that of the View -Hunter, memorandums of,27, 373,
Greeks, 9 . 589.
Sedition , trials for, in Scotland , 324, 437. Vincent, Dr, letter respecting the late Dr
Shakspeare Club of Alloa, account of, 152. Adam , 260.
Shakspeare's Macbeth and Richard III . ob.
servations on Kemble's Essay on, 455. W.
Sketches of foreign scenery and manners, Waterloo Subscription, general account of,
251 , 359, 487 , 582. 543 .
Somervilles, Memorie of the Family of, 162 Wellington, Duke of, brings an action a .
-Feuds between them and the Stewarts gainst a Flemish editor for libel, and is
of Allanton , 350. cast, with expenses, 648.
Somnolency, remarkable instance of, 61. Wernerian Society of Edinburgh , some ac
Southcotte, Johanna, instances of fanaticism count of, 231.
among her followers, 111 , 213. Whig and Tory, origin of the terms, 246 .
Spain , riots in Valencia, 97.-- Tyrannical Witches, commissioun for examinating of,
measures of the king, 98. - Conspiracy 497 .
of General Lacy at Barcelona, 201.-- Witchcraft, confessions of, in Scotland , 167.
Execution of Lacy, 531.-- Good under- Trials for, 497.
standing betwixt and Russia , 647. Wordsworth, Mr, observations on his letter
Spring Guns, trials respecting, 328. relative to Robert Burns, 26 ) .
Spurzheim , Di, attack on his system , 35. Works preparing for publication, 88, 194,
Defence of, 365. 308 , 423, 527, 612.
Steam Frigate, account of the American Wyfe of Auchtermuchtie, ancient ballad of,
one, 30 . 67.

END OF VOLUME FIRST .

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