URTI Management

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URTI (Common cold) Management ● Score: 0-1: No further testing and Abx indicated, 2-3: perform throat ‫ نقطة

● Score: 0-1: No further testing and Abx indicated, 2-3: perform throat ‫ نقطة إذا كان‬1+( ‫ كبير أو صغير‬:OR
culture or rapid strep test> if +, give Abx, 4-5: treat empirically with Abx ‫ نقطة إذا‬1- ، )‫ سنة‬14-3( 15 ‫أصغر من‬
1. Introduction –WIPPPPE (see the attached picture below) .)‫ سنة‬44 ‫كان أكبر من‬
- Wash hands, Introduce yourself and Gain consent (Permission) by Explaining what you are going to do “I’m going ‫ ال حاجة للمضاد أو مزيد من‬:1-0 :‫الدرجة‬
to give you a few information about your health, is that OK with you?". ‫ إجراء مزرعة للحلق أو اختبار‬:3-2 ،‫التحاليل‬
- Patient details – name & DOB/Age (Gender, Nationality, Route of Admission: OPD or ER?), Privacy, Position – ‫ إعطاء مضاد‬، + ‫البكتيريا السريع> إذا كان‬
setting and relaxed. ‫ عالج مباشرة باستخدام المضاد‬:5-4
- Explain & Ask "Do you have any pain right now?" Advice (4x 1) Hydration. “You have to drink lots of water (2-3 L/d) > Not Cold “ ‫ يوميا من الماء‬/‫ لتر‬3-2 ‫عليك شرب‬:‫السوائل‬-
- If the pt is female, you have to inquire if she is married, Single or Widow? menstrual cycle (regular vs. irregular)? H) 2) Hand hygiene. “You have to wash your hands to prevent transmission of ‫ "عليك أن تغسل يديك لمنع انتقال‬:‫ نظافة اليد‬-
- If married, ask about: pregnant or planned to be? breastfeeding? children? methods of contraception?, and if the infection or reinfection, cough or sneeze into your elbow and use ‫ و السعال أو العطس باستخدام المناديل‬،‫العدوى‬
not take any, ask about using Folic acid. tissue then dispose.” " ‫الورقية ثم تخلص منها‬
2. Presenting complaint (PC) “How are you?”, “How may I help you today?” 3) Honey ( Not for infants) )‫ العسل (ليس للرضع‬-
4) Healthy diet ‫ غذاء صحي‬-
3. ICE
‫ راحة على السرير‬-
I: “Do you have any Idea about what our meeting is gonna be about today?” 5) Bed Rest
C: “Do you have any concerns?” Prescribe “Do you use any medication”? “Are you allergic to foods or any medication like ‫سأصف لك دوا ًء من المهم أن تلتزم به لتجنب‬
E: “Do you have any expectations about our meeting or Dx?” penicillin or sulfa-containing antibiotics?” ‫دون وصفة‬ ّ .‫المضاعفات التي تحدثنا عنها سابقًا‬
E: “How is it affecting your daily life, work (job absenteeism), and sleep?” Give written prescription (verbalize that you will): .‫طبية‬
4. CRRAAPRIOPP “I will prescribe some medications for you and it is important to adhere to them to ‫• ستريبسلز‬
Clarify 1. What is URTI? ‫هو التهاب الجهاز التنفسي العلوي ويشمل‬-١ prevent complications” : )‫• كالريناز (مضاد للهستامين ومزيل لالحتقان‬
‫الحلق والخشم ويمتد إلى القصبة الهوائية‬ ‫• أدوية السعال‬
“It is an infection of your URT, including your throat, nose, pharynx, larynx, 1) Clarinase (antihistamine/decongestant).
‫تشمل العالمات واألعراض الحمى والسعال‬-٢ ‫ محلول ملحي عادي إذا لزم األمر‬/ ‫• قطرة أنف‬
sinuses and windpipe(trachea). “ 2) Strepsils
‫وسيالن األنف واحتقان األنف والتهاب الحلق‬ 3) Nasal drop (if needed) ‫• اسيتامينوفين وهو مسكن للحمى‬
2. Symptoms you may experience: ‫ فلن تحتاج إلى إجازة‬، ‫إذا التزمت بشكل صحيح‬
“Signs and Symptoms include fever, cough, rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, sore ‫والصداع وألم في العضالت‬ 4) Acetaminophen (if fever present)
‫ أيام‬10 ‫تستمر األعراض عادة لمدة تصل إلى‬-٣ .‫مرضية‬
throat, headache, and myalgias” 5) NSAID (eg, Celebrex/ naproxen, for pain due to headache, myalgia or
‫ إذا أعطيتك فقد يؤذيك‬،‫ال داعي للمضاد الحيوي‬
‫عادة ما يكون التهاب الجهاز التنفسي فيروسي‬-٤ arthralgia & for sneezing.)
3. Duration of the symptoms:
‫ وهو معدي حيث ينتقل عبر الرذاذ‬،‫األصل‬ ‫ويؤدي الى اصابتك ب بكتيريا مقاومة للمضادات‬
“Symptoms usually last up to 10 days.” 6) Zinc supplements ‫الحيوية ال سمح هللا ويصبح من الصعب عالجها‬
4. How does someone contract the infection? ‫الصادر أثناء العطاس أو الكحة من الشخص‬ * Antibiotics are prescribed only if CENTOR Criteria was +ve.
‫ لذا حافظ على المسافة‬، ‫مصاب الى االخرين‬ * “If comply properly you will get better within few days and hence no need for
“Usually caused by viruses; however, bacteria can also cause it. It is contagious :‫إذا كان طفل‬
.‫ويجب مراعاة تطهير األسطح‬ sick leave & for Abx prescription, because URTI is usually a viral infection and
and easily transmitted through sneezing, coughing, so keep distance and disinfect
‫تصاب بالعدوى إذا المست شخصًا مصابًا ولم‬ ‫محلول ملحي لألنف مرتين في اليوم (يمكنك‬-
surfaces.” Abx don’t treat viral infections, only Bacterial; in addition, overuse of Abx can )‫شرائه أو تحضيره‬
‫تغسل يديك أو إذا أكلت طعا ًما أو شربت سوائل‬
“You got the infection if you touched an infected person or surface with the virus .‫بها الفيروس‬
lead to resistance and may affect normal flora of the body and also negatively ‫ امأل حقنة بكوب من‬، ‫"لتحضيره في المنزل‬
on it and didn’t wash your hands Or if you ate food or drink liquids with the virus affect the immunity (can lead to secondary bacterial infection) “ ‫الماء ثم أضف نصف ملعقة كبيرة من الملح‬
in them. If people with the virus don't wash their hands, they can spread the If child, add: (proven to be effective in children) ‫ ثم أدخل‬،‫ونصف ملعقة كبيرة من الصودا‬
infection to food or liquids they touch.” 1) Nasal saline irrigation twice a day ( you can buy it or prepare it) ‫ يجب أن‬،‫الطرف في فتحة األنف واضغط برفق‬
Reassure It is common, self limiting and will go in a few days. It is manageable through ،‫يعتبر التهاب الجهاز التنفسي حالة شائعة جدًا‬ - ” To prepare it at home, Fill a syringe by 1 cup of water then add half tbs ‫يخرج المحلول الملحي من خالل فتحة األنف‬
lifestyle modification and medication if needed. ‫لكنه بسيط وان شاء هللا تتعافى منه خالل أيام‬ of salt & half tbs of baking soda, then insert the tip into your nostril and "‫األخرى‬
‫ يمكن التحكم فيه من خالل تغييرات نمط‬.‫قليلة‬ squeeze gently, then the saline wash should go out through the other )‫ فكس (يوضع على الصدر والرقبة‬-
.‫الحياة واألدوية إذا لزم األمر‬ nostril” ً ‫العسل (ليس للرضع) ومكمالت الزنك يوميا‬-
2) Vapor rub - ‫( فكس‬apply on chest and neck) ‫لتحسين المناعة‬
Red flags/ please go to ER if you are comply to medication but symptoms are getting worse ‫يرجى الذهاب إلى الطوارئ إذا كنت ملتزم‬ ‫ كمادات باردة أو غسل الطفل في ماء‬:‫للحمى‬-
3) Honey (not for infant) and zinc supplement daily to improve immunity
Safety or not improving after a week, or If you experienced any of the following ‫باألدوية ولكن األعراض تزداد سو ًءا أو لم‬ 4 ‫بدرجة حرارة الغرفة إذا استمرت الحمى (بعد‬
‫ أو إذا واجهت أيًا من‬،‫تتحسن بعد أسبوع‬ 4) For Fever: Cold pack or shower the child in a room temperature water if
netting symptoms,
fever still present (after 4 hours), Give Acetaminophen, if fever still > ‫ إذا استمرت الحمى‬، ‫ساعات) > أسيتامينوفين‬
1. SOB or chest pain ‫ ضيق في التنفس أو ألم في‬:‫األعراض التالية‬ .‫إيبوبروفين‬
.‫ درجة حرارة مرتفعة جدًا‬،‫ زرقة‬،‫الصدر‬ present give Ibuprofen.
2. Cyanosis
3. Temperature is very high ( feel hot & shivery)
Refer “No need for a referral, unless there’s complications as I told you before which ‫ ما لم تكن هناك مضاعفات‬، ‫ال حاجة لإلحالة‬
Assess 1) comorbidities: “Do you have chronic diseases like DM or HTN” ‫ "هل لديك أمراض‬:‫األمراض المصاحبة‬-
may require admission.”
2) CENTOR Criteria: an algorithm to assess the probability of group A β "‫مزمنة مثل الضغط أو السكر؟‬
‫ تقييم احتمالية‬:CENTOR ‫ معايير‬- Investigate - “Investigations are not necessary for most cases as the disease is self-limiting in ‫التحاليل ليست ضرورية في معظم الحاالت‬-
haemolytic Streptococcus (GABHS) as the origin of sore throat
:‫ كسبب التهاب الحلق‬GABHS immunocompetent individuals” ‫ألن المرض يخف من نفسه غالبا‬
● C: Cough"absent" (1point)
)‫كحة (نقطة واحدة‬-‫ عدم وجود سعال‬:C - Rapid Strep test and Throat Culture if needed ( 2 or more on CENTOR criteria) ‫ اختبار سريع للبكتيريا ومزرعة الحلق إذا لزم‬-
● E: Exudate “tonsillar exudates or swelling” present (1 point)
)‫تورم في اللوزتين (نقطة‬/‫ وجود إفرازات‬:E )CENTOR ‫ أو أكثر وفقا لمعيار‬2( ‫األمر‬
● N: Nodes “enlarged, swollen and tender anterior cervical
‫متورمة‬/‫ العقد األمامية العنقية متضخمة‬:N Observation no need for follow up but observe for Severe fever, unresponsiveness t o therapy ‫ال حاجة للمتابعة ولكن يجب االنتباه في حال‬
LN"(1point) ‫الحمى الشديدة التي ال تستجيب للعالج‬
● T: Temperature "elevated" >38 C degrees (1point) )‫(نقطة‬
‫ درجة مئوية‬38 >"‫ درجة الحرارة "مرتفعة‬:T Prevention “To prevent having another URTI or transmission to other people: “ ‫"لمنع اإلصابة أو انتقال العدوى إلى أشخاص‬
● OR: old OR young (+1 point if <15 (3-14 y.o) , -1 point if >44). ":‫آخرين‬
)‫(نقطة واحدة‬ 1. Vitamin C (eat citrus fruits like orange daily) (Both Adults & Children)
2. Add Garlic to your food (only Adults)
3. Use Normal Saline irrigation, Zinc supplements (only Children) ‫ فيتامين سي (تناول الفواكه الحمضية مثل‬-
4. well hydration )‫البرتقال يوميًا) (للبالغين واألطفال‬
5. Vaccines )‫أضف الثوم إلى طعامك (للبالغين فقط‬-
6. Avoid sharing towels and other personal items ‫استخدام المحلول الملحي و مكمالت الزنك‬-
Opportunistic prevention: )‫(لألطفال فقط‬
- Smoking cessation: “Do you smoke?”; if yes, “I will refer you to a smoking ‫تجنب مشاركة المناشف واألغراض الشخصية‬-
cessation clinic.” ‫األخرى‬
- Vaccinations: rotavirus, typhoid fever, and cholera, flu “We recommend taking the ":‫"الوقاية‬
Flu vaccine.” ‫ "نوصي بأخذ‬:‫ التطعيمات‬،‫اإلقالع عن التدخين‬
- Diet and exercise are crucial, Stress management ‫ النظام الغذائي الصحي‬،"‫لقاح األنفلونزا‬
‫ إدارة الضغوطات‬،‫وممارسة الرياضة‬
Plan - Do you agree with the management plan?
- Depression screening
o Low mood “How is your mood for the past 2 weeks”? ◦
o Loss of interest “Have you stopped doing something you loved doing; like a hobby?”
- To complete the visit
1.Is everything clear? Can you briefly summarize what I said?
2.Do you have any questions? If you need anything we are here for
you
3. Thank the patient
4. Wash hands
Resources: Previous guidelines, AAFP
Edited by: Jawaher Alsharef, Mawaddah Alsaegh
Best of luck!

Dr. Asmaa PDT:


Case: a patient came to you asking for Abx for her son who has a common cold, she said he always uses abx
and his symptoms don’t go away unless he takes it. She lives 4 hours away from the hospital and she cannot
come back later if his symptoms persist due to problems with transportations. What do you tell her?
-You mention that: 1.his problem is viral and Abx doesn't treat viral infections only bacterial infections.
2.Overuse of Abx can lead to resistance and might not be able to be used later. 3.Use of Abx can affect the
normal flora of the body and negatively affect her son.
-Morally: you should give Abx to her, however, instruct her to use it only when her son’s condition persists
more than 3 days + teaching about SE of Abx. (EBM includes patient value, you should consider her situation
and respect her social issues)

-Never ever give antibiotics for the treatment of common cold


-Never use cough syrup > if you have cough treat the cause, septically in children > 4 years (suppress
respiratory center)
-Honey, ginger, (‫)حبة سوداء‬,well hydration is very effective = urine output is clear (def. of hydration) it
increases immunity.
-Never give codeine, it’s contraindicated in children
-Antihistamine is never used as monotherapy because it causes mucus thickening and decreases drainage and
can cause secondary infection).
-Give NSAIDs (reduced inflammation and body ache) in adults
- Normal saline irrigation is very effective in children, and vapor rub

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