UNIVERSITY OF BAHARI

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & ARCCHITECTURE

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

COURSE NAME: ELECTROMECHANICAL ENERGY CONVERSION

PRESENTATION TITLE: TRANSFORMER

SUPERVISED By: DR. Almotazbillah Taha
Fathi Alrahaman Altaher bushra
prepared by Mahamoud Ata almanan
Mohammed abdullah Chap Matail
 Transformer:

 Is an electrical device that use the principle

of electromagnetic induction to transfer
energy from one electric circuit to another.
 It is designed to either increase or decrease
AC voltage between the circuits while
maintaining the frequency of the current,
Principle of Transformer :
 Principle of electric transformer is based on
faraday’s low of electromagnetic induction
which states that the value of electromotive
force (electrical voltage ) is directly proportional
to the rate of change of magnetic flux.

 There are two coils : primary coil and secondary

coil on the transformer coil.
 The relationship between the values of the i
primary side and secondary side is:

Vp/Vs=Is/Ip

so the core laminations are joined in the form of

strips . So the two coils have high mutual inductance
. When an alternating current pass through the
primary coil it creates a varying magnetic flux.
Construction of a transformer :

It consists mainly two parts :

• Iron Core ( Silicon Steel )

• Windings ( cooper )
IRON CORE :
Based on the construction of core :

• Core type
• Shell type

• Thickness 0.35mm for 50Hz and 0.5 for 25Hz

Construction Of Transformer :
TRANSFORMER TYPES:
 1.Core tye:
A core type transformer has two cylinders and two horizontal bars forming the frame. The
magnetic core is a square form with a common magnetic circuit. The cylindrical coils (HV
and LV) are located on two cylinders.
 2.Shell type transformer:
Shell transformer has a centre cylinder and two outer cylinders. Both the HV and LV coils of it
are located on a centre column . This transformer has a dual magnetic circuit.
3. Distribution transformer:
This is used in the last phase of the power
distribution system . Distribution transformers are
step down transformer, which converts high grid
voltage to the end customer required voltage, 110V
or 230V . It can also be single phase or three
phases.
Distribution transformers can be smaller in shape
as well as bigger, depending on the conversion
capacity or ratings.
Distribution transformer can be further categorized
into based on the type of insulation it uses. It can
be dry type or can be liquid-immersed.it is made
using laminated steel plates mostly constructed in
C shape as a core material.
Generally, distribution transformers have a rating
of less than 200kVA.
4. Single phase transformer:

a single-phase transformer is an
electrical device that accepts single-
phase AC power and outputs single-
phase AC. A single-phase transformer
is used in non-urban areas as the
overall demand and costs are lower .
than the 3-phase distribution
transformer. They decreases the
home voltage to a suitable value
without a change in frequency, so its
used as a step-down transformer. For
this reason, it is commonly used in
electronic appliances at residences.
5. Three phase transformer:
A three phase transformer is made of three sets
of primary and secondary windings. Each set of
windings wound around one leg of iron core
assembly. It can looks like three single- .
transformers sharing one joined core as the it
shown .