Lab # 12

Energy Metabolism Problem

© Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo. All rights reserved.
Name: Phee Choon Ning Shamane Date: 21/04/2010

Energy Metabolism Problem

The objective of this self-study is to determine your own state of energy balance.

Total energy need is determined by: -basal metabolism

-physical activity/exercise
-dietary induced thermogenesis (DIT)
(Formerly called: specific dynamic effect of food/
Thermic effect of food (TEF)

1. Basal Metabolism

Estimation of basal energy needs can be done by different methods.

a. Calculation of basal metabolism:

Determine from your body surface area the energy you need to support your basal
metabolic rate.

1. Use Table 1 to determine your surface area. Draw a straight line from your
height (left column) to your weight (right column). The point at which that line
crosses the middle column shows your surface area in square meters.

Surface area in square meters 1.60 m²

2. Use Table 2 to find the factor for your age and sex, and multiply your surface
area by this factor. Show work below. Round off your answer. This method
is not so accurate that using many decimal places is meaningful.

35.2 X 1.60 = 56.32 (Round off to 56)

3. Multiply the product by 24 hours/day to find your basal metabolic energy

needs/day. Show work and enter the number you arrived at below. (This
number will be your Basal metabolic energy needs per day).

56 X 24 = 1344

1344_Kcal/day

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© Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo. All rights reserved.
Table 1. Nomogram for Determination of Surface Area in Square Meters

To determine square meters place a dot on the Height line at the place on the line that is your
height; place a dot on the Weight line at the place on the line that is your weight. To find your
surface area, use a ruler or other straight edge to draw a line to connect the dots. Your
surface area is the place where the line you drew intersects the square meters line.

Reference:
Boothby WM, Sandiford RB. Boston Med Surg J 1921, 185, 337
© Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo. All rights reserved.
 12-2
Name: Phee Choon Ning Shamane Date: 21/04/2010

Table 2 Basal Metabolic Rate

Age Males Females Age Males Females

(yr.) (kcal/m²/hr) (kcal/m²/hr) (yr.) (kcal/m²/hr) (kcal/m²/hr)

3 60.1 54.5 26 38.2 35.0

4 57.9 53.9 27 38.0 35.0
5 56.3 53.0 28 37.8 35.0
6 54.0 51.2 29 37.7 35.0
7 52.3 49.7 30 37.6 35.0
8 50.8 48.0 31 37.4 35.0
9 49.5 46.2 32 37.2 34.9
10 47.7 44.9 33 37.1 34.9
11 46.5 43.5 34 37.0 34.9
12 45.3 42.0 35 36.9 34.8
13 44.5 40.5 36 36.8 34.7
14 43.8 39.2 37 36.7 34.6
15 42.9 38.3 38 36.6 34.5
16 42.0 37.2 39 36.4 34.4
17 41.5 36.4 40-44 36.2 34.1
18 40.8 35.8 45-49 35.8 33.8
19 40.5 35.4 50-54 35.1 33.1
20 39.9 35.3 55-59 34.5 32.8
21 39.5 35.2 60-64 33.5 32.0
22 39.2 35.2 65-69 32.7 31.6
23 39.0 35.2 70-74 31.8 31.1
24 38.7 35.1 75+
25 38.4 35.1

From W.M. Boothby. Handbook of Biological Data, ed. W.S. Spector. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders,
1956. Reprinted with permission from the publisher.

b. Rough estimate of basal metabolism:

Multiply your body weight in kilograms by 1 Kcal (for men) or .9 Kcal (for women) to get your
basal metabolic rate per hour. For a day estimate, multiple the hourly rate by 24 hrs./day.

lb to kg conversion = lb/2.2 = kg (show work)

0.9 X 60 = 54
54 X 24 = 1296

Estimated BMR 1296 Kcal/day

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© Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo. All rights reserved.
Name: Phee Choon Ning Shamane Date: 21/04/2010

c. Harris-Benedict Formula:

For MEN: BMR = 66 + (13.7 x wt. in kg) + (5 x ht. in cm) – (6.8 x age in yr.)

For WOMEN: BMR = 665 + (9.6 x wt. In kg) + (1.8 x ht. in cm) – (4.7 x age in yr)

Show work.

My BMR = 665 + (9.6 X 60) + (1.8 x 158) – (4.7 x 21) = 1426.7

d. Estimating Basal Metabolic Rate Using Lean Body Mass:

Please use your body fat % (lab 10, question 14) to calculate your BMR.

To figure out lean body mass in Kilograms (kg):

Weight (lbs.) x body fat % = lbs

Weight (lbs.) - lbs. of fat = lbs. of lean body mass
Lbs. of lean body mass ÷ by 2.2 = kg of lean body mass

Final Equation:
BMR (men and women) = [21.6 x lean body mass (kg)] + 370

Show your work.

132 - (0.294 X 100) = 102.6

BMR = [21.6 X 102.6] + 370 = 2586.16 kcal/day

e. Factors effecting BMR:

A number of factors affect basal metabolism. Consult your text or other nutrition texts and
list these factors and give the effect: increase or decrease. List at least six factors.

Factor Effect: or ↓
Males ↑ Females ↓
1. Gender
1. Taller ↑ Shorter ↓
2. Height
2. Children and Pregnant
3.Growth Women ↑
3. More thyroxine ↑
4.Thyroxine
4. More stress ↑
5.Stress
5. More lean tissue ↑
6.Body Composition
6.
12-4
© Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo. All rights reserved.
Name: Phee Choon Ning Shamane Date: 21/04/2010

2. Calculation of Energy Used for Physical Activity:

Select a typical 24 hour period. Keep a diary of your activities and record the length of time
you spent at various energy levels. Use Form 1 to summarize information. Table 3 lists the
levels and their energy cost. Be sure to account for all 24 hours (1,440 minutes total). Be
careful not to overestimate the energy levels of your activities. Remember, the Calories you
spend on them depends on the extent and vigor of your muscular movements, not on how
“busy” you feel or how tired you get performing them.

Add up the minutes you spend at each energy level to reach totals at the bottom of Form 2(10-
7). You have now calculated the total energy expended in the day for physical activity. Enter
this number below.

Total Energy Expenditure 574.2 Kcal/day

3. Dietary Induced Thermogenesis (DIT) – formerly Specific Dynamic Effect of Food/ Thermic
Effect of Food (TEF)

A certain amount of work (or energy) is expended in the digestion of food, its
absorption, its transfer to the tissues and its utilization by the cells. This increased heat
production as the result of ingestion of food is known as dietary induced
thermogenesis.

Dietary Induced Thermogenesis =( BMR + Energy Expenditure) X .10 (show work)

(Use BMR answer from 1c (Harris Benedict Formula)

(1344 + 574.2) X 0.10 =

= 191.82 Kcal/day

4. Total Energy Output

a. Calculated total Energy Expenditures

BMR (1a) 1344 Kcal/day

Energy Expenditure (2) 574.2 Kcal/day

DIT (3) 191.82 Kcal/day

Pregnancy 300 Kcal ________Kcal/day

Lactation 500 Kcal ________Kcal/day

TOTAL: 2110.02 Kcal/day

© Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo. All rights reserved.
 12-5
Name: Phee Choon Ning Shamane Date: 21/04/2010

Form 1: ACTIVITIES FOR 24 HOURS

Stairs *
Clock Total Energy Level Flights
Time Minutes Activity (# Times)
a b c d e f g h i Up Down
1.00am –
8.30am
450 min Sleeping
•

8.30am –
60 min Wash up and shower
•
9.30am

9.30am –
15 min Eat breakfast
•
9.45am
9.45am –
10.45pm
60 min Use computer
•

10.45am –
50 min Travel to school
• 4 4

11.35am
11.35am –
12.00pm
25 min Walk around before class
• 1 1

12.00pm-
90 min Attend lectures
•
1.30pm
1.30pm –
2.15pm
45 min Eat lunch
•
2.15pm –
3.00pm
45 min Travel to tutee’s house
•
3.00pm-
5.00pm
120 min Have tuition
•
5.00pm –
5.30pm
30 min Walk home
•
5.30pm -
6.00pm
30 min Shower
•
6.00pm –
7.00pm
60 min Use computer
•
7.00pm –
7.30pm
30 min Eat dinner
•
7.30pm –
8.30pm
60 min Watch television
•
8.30pm -
8.45pm
15 min Walk down and up the
stairs to buy newspaper • 10 10

© Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo. All rights reserved.
 8.45pm –
10.30pm
105 min Do homework
•
10.30pm –
1.00am
150 min Use computer
•

Total 1440

* A flight of stairs is about 14-15 stairs.

12-6
Name: Phee Choon Ning Shamane Date: 21/04/2010

Table 3: Energy Levels and their energy Cost

Energy Type of Activity Energy

Level Cost
(cal/kg/min)a

a 0.000
Sleeping

b Lying still, relaxed 0.002

c Sitting or standing still (include activities such as sewing, writing, 0.005

eating, reading

d Very light activity (include driving a car, walking at moderate 0.015

speed on level ground)

e Light exercise (include light housework like sweeping the floor, 0.025
walking at moderate speed on level ground carrying books)

f Moderate exercise (include activities such as fast walking, 0.040

dancing, bicycling at moderate speed)

g Heavy exercise include activities such as fast dancing, walking at 0.065

almost-run, or fast uphill walking)

h Severe exercise (include tennis, running) 0.105

i Very severe exercise (include wrestling, rowing, boxing, racing 0.140

a
Measured in calories per kilogram of body weight per minute above basal energy

Adapted from R. Passmore and J V G A Duman: Human energy expenditure Physiological Reviews 35 (1966: 801-840)

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© Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo. All rights reserved.
 TOTAL ENERGY EXPENDITURE

Form 2: Energy Costs for Activities

Energy Spent per

Energy Level Energy Cost per kg Body wt.
Minute (Kcal/kg/min) (Kcasl/Kg)
Total Minutes
Spent

a 450x 0.000 = 0

b 0x 0.002 = 0

c 825x 0.005 = 4.125

d 0x 0.015 = 0

e 150x 0.025 = 3.75

f x 0.040 = 0

g 15x 0.065 = 0.975

h x 0.105 = 0

i x 0.140 = 0

Stairs # flights (down)

15x 0.012 = 0.18

Stairs # flights (up) 15x 0.036 = 0.54

Total Minutes 1440 Total Energy 9.57

Kcal/kg/24 hr.
Should be 1440

Multiply by body wt. In Kilograms (kg) x_60______

Total energy spent on physical activities = 574.2

Kcal/day
This is your total energy expenditure for question #2.
12-8

© Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo. All rights reserved.
Name: Phee Choon Ning Shamane Date: 21/04/2010

4 b. Quick Estimate of Energy Output

Multiply body weight in pounds by a factor determined by the type of physical activity
level which describes you best.

Female Male

14 16
Sedentary
Moderately active 18 21
More active 22 26

You may wish to use numbers in between if they seem to describe your activity level better.
Show work below.

132 X 18 = 2376

Compare this Quick Estimate of Energy Output to your answer in 4a. Calculate the
difference between 4a and 4b.

The answer is higher in 4b.

The difference is 2376 – 2110.02 = 265.98

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© Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo. All rights reserved.
 SUMMARY SHEET
Name Phee Choon Ning Shamane 21
Age

Height Weight (lbs) Ideal body Weight (lbs)

5ft 3” 132 115

Your Calculated Total Energy Expenditure

2110.02 Kcal/day #4a

Your Estimated Energy Output 2376 Kcal/day #4b

According to your Food Analysis Lab, on the average, how many Kcals do you eat?

2373 Kcal/day

State of Energy Balance: Positive (Intake > expenditure)

(Circle one) or
Negative (Expenditure> intake)

Compare your calculated state of energy balance (+ or -) to your current weight status (gaining,
losing, maintaining). CIRCLE ONE.

Does your computed state of energy balance accurately describe your weight status? Explain your
answer.

No, it does not. I might have undercalculated my energy expenditure, thus leading to a
positive energy balance when actually I am maintaining my current weight status.

© Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo. All rights reserved.
 12-10

© Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo. All rights reserved.