COPYRIGHT: NOR HAZIZAH (2021) 6/12/2021

Objective
MAT285
• Able to perform product of two vectors
CHAPTER 2
VECTORS

2.3 PRODUCT OF TWO VECTORS

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2.4 PRODUCT OF TWO VECTORS SCALAR PRODUCT

• Scalar Product (Dot Product)

A ⋅ B ⇒ scalar quantity (a value) B

A ⋅ B = |A||B| cosθ
•Vector Product (Cross Product)
A

A x B ⇒ vector quantity

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SCALAR PRODUCT VECTOR PRODUCT

Consider two vectors A and B. Let  be the angle between their direction
and e be the unit vector in the direction of the vector product

A x B = (|A||B| sinθ)ê

A A ⋅ B = a 1b 1+ a 2b 2 + a 3b 3 A

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VECTOR PRODUCT SCALAR PRODUCT (DOT PRODUCT)

A ⋅ B = |A||B| cosθ
Consider two vectors A and B.
or
A ⋅ B = a 1b 1+ a 2b 2 + a 3b 3

VECTOR PRODUCT (CROSS PRODUCT)

  
i j k A x B = (|A||B| sinθ)ê
A
or   
A x B = a1 a2 a3 i j k
AxB=
b1 b2 b3 a1 a 2 a3
b1 b 2 b3

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PERPENDICULAR / ORTHOGONAL EXAMPLE 5

When A ⋅ B = 0,
A and B are perpendicular / orthogonal

PARALLEL/ COLLINEAR
When A x B = 0,
A and B are parallel / collinear

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EXAMPLE 6 EXAMPLE 7

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ANGLE BETWEEN TWO VECTORS EXAMPLE 8

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DIRECTION COSINES AND DIRECTION COSINES AND

DIRECTION ANGLES DIRECTION ANGLES

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EXAMPLE 9 SCALAR PROJECTION & VECTOR

PROJECTION
The vector projection of A onto B refers to a new vector in the direction of B.
The scalar projection of A onto B refers to the length of the vector projection.

The scalar projection of A onto B is defined as and

the vector projection of A onto B is defined as

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EXAMPLE 10 EXAMPLE 10
ii) The scalar projection of P onto Q is

the scalar projection of P onto Q.

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AREA OF A PARALLELOGRAM AREA OF A TRIANGLE

The magnitude of the vector product A x B is the area of the The area of a triangle spanned by vectors A and B
parallelogram spanned by vectors A and B.

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Exercise
1. Given the vectors A = i – 4j + 4k, B = 5i + 3j – 3k.
Find :
a) the area of the triangle with vectors A and B as
THE NEXT
their adjacent sides.
b) the scalar projection of A onto A – 2B.
LESSON
c) the direction cosines of A.

2. Given A(2, -4, 5), B(-1, -2, 2) and C(6, 1, -2) be

points in three dimensional space. Find: Product of three vectors
a) the vectors AB and AC in ai + bj + ck form.
b) the angle between AB and AC.
c) the area of a parallelogram with vertices A,B
and C.

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