READING AND WRITING

I. Patterns of Paragraph Development

Read the poem below about patterns of development in writing.

Writing needs direction before your ideas slip away
Let these patterns in writing help you, if they may

If you tell a story of what happened, narration is the way

Description is when large, sweet or soft are words you say

If you tell the meaning of a concept, term or subject

And explain what something is, definition is what you expect

Put items related in categories or groups in any way,

Classification is definitely the game you play

Stating the reason and result, that’s cause and effect

You want to convince readers? Persuasion is perfect.

When there’s an issue or problem and a solution is made today

Obviously, problem- solution pattern is on display

If similarities and differences are the ideas you collect

then comparison and contrast pattern is what you reflect

These are the patterns of developing the thoughts in your head

Remember that to achieve a particular purpose in the end,
information in a written text may be organized and selected.

Activity 1. Do what is asked in the items below.

1. What are the patterns of development in writing mentioned in the poem?

2. Match the pattern of writing above with its description below.

a. It tells why something happens and what happens after. It explains how an incident
or action produces results. It is fitting for argumentation, explanation or narration.
The writer may begin from the cause, followed by the effect or from the effect, followed
by the cause.

Pattern of Writing:
b. This presents how a thing, person or a certain subject is similar or different from
another. It is concerned with how alike (compare) or unlike (contrast) someone or
something is from someone or something else.

Pattern of Writing:

c. It gives the meaning of an idea, concept or word and may specify certain limits of its
meaning. This is commonly used in writing scientific research or term papers.

Pattern of Writing:

d. This pattern aims to create a picture in the minds of the reader by using adjectives
and words that appeal to the senses. Its purpose is to help the readers imagine what
the writer saw, heard, smelled, tasted, felt or experienced.

Pattern of Writing:

e. This is done by noting relationships among things. Particular items are placed in
categories that distinguish them from the other groups of kinds based on certain
principles or bases.

Pattern of Writing:

f. It presents logically- arranged events which should also describe what happened
and when, where, how and why something occurred. This is usually told with action
words. It should appeal to readers’ feelings and understanding. Events are organized
according to time or chronology so transitional devices used are usually first, second,
next, then, finally and others that denote time.

Pattern of Writing:

g. The intention of this pattern is to convince or influence the reader to do or believe in

a certain idea or perception.

Pattern of Writing:

h. This pattern identifies an issue or a problem and posts a suggested solution to solve
it. It may be compared to cause and effect pattern. It is different because it presents a
solution to the problem while cause and effect just provides the effects of the problem.

Pattern of Writing:
Activity 2. The diagram below describes distinguishing characteristics of a specific
pattern of development. Copy the diagram and give what is being described.

Activity 3. Choose one item below and write a paragraph about it following the
appropriate pattern of development.

1. Identify a problem you experience every Sunday and give a solution for it.
2. Tell us about your happiest day.
3. Discuss how this school year is the same and how different it is from the previous
school year.
II. Claims and Assertions

Claims are statements that are not considered accepted by all. It is the central
argument or thesis statement of the text.

A claim should be argumentative and debatable. It should also be specific and

focused. More importantly, it should also be logical.
There are three kinds of claims:

A Claim of Fact is an argumentative thesis which makes a quantifiable assertion; in

other words, it is an argument about a measurable topic.
Examples:

• The atmosphere has too much carbon dioxide.

• Santa Claus is real.
• There are 51 cases of COVID in our barangay.

A Claim of Value is an argumentative thesis which makes a qualifiable assertion; in

other words, it is an argument about a moral, aesthetic, or philosophical topic.
Examples:

• It’s more fun in the Philippines.

• This is the best school.
• It is better to be feared than to be loved.

A Claim of Policy is an argumentative thesis which makes an assertion about a

course of action the reader should take; in other words, it is an argument about an
actionable topic. Oftentimes, it uses the terms ‘should’ and ‘must’.

Examples:

• The death penalty must be abolished.

• A National ID System should be developed.
• Beauty Contests should be banned.
• Students must wear uniforms.

Activity 4. Identify whether the following are Claim of Fact, Claim of Value, or
Claim of Policy.
1. Teachers must have higher salaries.
2. Bitoon City has high crime rates.
3. This is the best ice cream in the world.
4. Love is more important than money.
5. The Lakers is the best NBA team.
6. There are 29 cases of teenage pregnancy in our barangay.
7. The Tooth Fairy is real.
8. Japan is more beautiful than Philippines.
9. All Senior High School students must undergo CAT Exercises.
10. On-the-job training should be required for students under Tech-Voc specialization.

Activity 5. Write your own three (3) examples for each type of claim.

Claim of Fact:
1.

2.
3.
Claim of Value:
1.

2.
3.

Claim of Policy:

1.
2.

3.
III. Professional Correspondence

A. Application Letter
An application letter is an example of a business letter. It has polite but
conversational language. It is used to apply for jobs.

Parts of an Application Letter

1. Heading. This includes the sender’s complete address and the date.

2. Inside Address. This includes the receiver or Contact Person's Name, Title,
Employer, and Address.
3. Salutation. It starts with the word “Dear” followed by the recipient’s Title and
surname such as “Dear Mr. Cruz”, “Dear Dr. Gonzales”, “Dear Engr. Canlas”.

4. Body. This contains the message of your letter. In the opening paragraph tell about
the position you are applying for and how you learned about the position. The second
paragraph gives a summary of your background and critical skills (hard skills) that
make you qualified for the position. At the end of the letter talk about your availability
for the job, where you can be contacted, and when you are going to contact the hiring
person for an appointment to discuss your application. If you have no contact name you
may simply want to indicate your anticipation for a response in this part of the letter.
Thank the person to whom you are writing for his/her time and consideration of your
application.

5. Closing. This precedes the formal identification of the sender. There are many usual
closing you can choose from: “Very truly yours”, “Respectfully yours”, “Sincerely”, “Best
regards”.

6. Signature. Include your name and affix your signature.

Activity 6. List down the parts of the business letter.

1. This includes “Very truly yours”, “Respectfully yours”, “Sincerely”, or “Best regards”.
2. This contains the message of your letter.
3. This includes your name and your signature.
4. This includes the receiver or Contact Person's Name, Title, Employer, and Address.
5. This includes the sender’s complete address and the date.
6. It starts with the word “Dear” followed by the recipient’s Title and surname.
Activity 7. Write your own application letter on a bond paper. See the sample provided
below.

22 H Ventura St.,
Diliman, Quezon City
June 15, 2021

Mr. Vincent Chua

Hiring Manager
Bank of the Philippine Islands (BPI)
12/F Ayala Life-FGU Center, Ayala Ave.
Makati City 1226

Dear Mr. Chua,

I am writing to express my interest in the position of Recruitment Assistant in your company.

Having obtained my Bachelor’s Degree in Psychology major in Human Resources in Arellano
University, I hope to bring my knowledge, skills, and commitment to excellence to BPI.
With my major in HR management, I am familiar with standard processes for recruitment,
workforce organization, training, and compensation, as well as legal provisions and labor
concerns.
My internship at San Miguel Corporation gave me the chance to work with top professionals in
recruitment and HR. Being a trainee there developed my enthusiasm for human resources, and
convinced me that HR management is my true calling.
For more details of my qualifications and expertise, please review my attached resume.

Thank you for taking the time to consider this application. I look forward to hearing from you.

Sincerely,

ANNA JOY A. BUENAVENTURA

Applicant
B. Resume

A resume provides the summary of your background including education, work

history, and other qualifications. The purpose of a resume is to interest an employer to
call you for an interview. An example is provided below.

Activity 8. Create your own resume on a bond paper. You may also use a Bio-Data
form which you can buy at school supplies. Fill out with your information and send a
photo of it to your teacher through Messenger.
C. E-mail

Electronic mail (e-mail) is a computer-based application for the exchange of messages

between users. A worldwide e-mail network allows people to exchange e-mail messages
very quickly. E-mail is the electronic equivalent of a letter, but with advantages in
timeliness and flexibility.

E-mail Etiquette

1. DO include a heading in the subject line. With the number of emails and viruses that
populate inboxes, realize the significance of the subject line. A subject header is
essential if you want someone to read your message.

2. DO make the subject line meaningful. A “Hi” or “Hello” won’t do. The recipient decides
in which order to read your message- or whether to read it all- based on who sent it and
what it’s about.

3. DO personalize your message to the recipient. Although email is informal, it still

requires a personal greeting, such as, “Dear Ms. Jones,” or “Hi, Jack.” Failure to include
a greeting can make your message seem cold.
4. DO account for tone. When you communicate in person, more than 90% of your
message is non-verbal. Email has no telltale body language! The reader cannot see your
face or hear the tone of your voice, so choose your words carefully and thoughtfully.

5. DO look at your email address and determine how it represents you. Names such as
“soccerguy8” don’t sound professional. Students sometimes embarrass themselves by
communicating with an employer using an inappropriate address.

6. DO include your name or a signature with additional details and contact information.
The recipient may want to communicate by means other than email.

Activity 9. Create your own formal email using your name. You may use Google Mail
or other domains of your choice. Write your email address on a paper and take a
picture.