TRENDS IN ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SAFETY SYSTEMS IN MODERN AUTOMOBILES

1.1

AUTOMOTIVE SAFETY SYSTEMS

The automotive industry is impacted by the economic crisis during the present time. Safety and environmental protection is becoming the guidance of its development, leading the manufacturers to produce the satisfactory product.

Safety is the most important element of a new car from the views of customers. The safety system which can ensure the safety of driver, passenger and pedestrian, and reduce the incidence rate of accident keeps fast growth, such as the advanced driver assistance system.There are 2 types of safety system adopted in automotive safety such as Active and Passive safety system.

Active safty system of a motor vehicle, accident avoidance,good visibility from driver's seat, low noise level in interior, legibility of instrumentation and warning symbols, early warning of severe braking ahead, head up displays, good chassis balance and handling, good grip, anti-lock braking system, Electronic Stability Control, Chassis assist, intelligent speed adaptation, adaptive or autonomous cruise control system.The new active safety system is also applied to more and more automobiles. Such as the rearview system, attention warning system, out lane warning system, headlight control system, anti-collision and so on.

Passive safety items are there to protect you should the worst happen. Airbags, seatbelt pre-tensioners and anti-whiplash head restraints are common examples of passive safety.

1.2 VARIOUS TECHNOLOGIES IN MODERN AUTOMOTIVE ACTIVE AND

PASSIVE SAFETY SYSTEM AND CONTROL

1.2.1 Active Safety Ststem Contributors to active safety of a motor vehicle, accident avoidance and driver assisted controls.This system will give, good visibility from driver's seat, low noise level in interior, On-board warning systems, early warning of severe braking ahead, head up displays, good chassis balance and handling, good grip, Anti-lock Braking System,Electronic Stability Program, Chassis assist,Intelligent speed adaptation, adaptive or autonomous cruise control system.Various types of systems as follows. 1.2.1.1 On-board warning systems:- Turn on the ignition switch in almost any car and watch the instrument panel. The modern automobile has an abundance of warning lights that provide valuable information.Such as Brake system warning,Windshield washer fluid level, Coolant level,Brake fluid level, Door ajar, Headlamp door position, EGR or Check Engine, High beam indicator,Seatbelt light,Coldengine warning,Turn signals,Charging system,Transmission temperature, ABS or Anti-lock Brake System, SRS or Supplemental Restraint System, Brake lining wear indicator light. 1.2.1.2 Chasis Assist:- Good structural designs confine crash damage to the crush zones in all but the worst impacts.As well as balance and handlining. 1.2.1.3 Electronic Stability Program:- is a computerized technology that improves the safety of a vehicle's stability by detecting and minimizing skids. 1.2.1.4 Intelligent Speed Adoption:- This system also known as Intelligent Speed Assistance, is any system that constantly monitors vehicle speed and the local speed limit on a road and implements an action when the vehicle is detected to be exceeding the speed limit. 1.2.1.5 Cruise control system:- is a system that automatically controls the speed of a motor vehicle. The system takes over the throttle of the car to maintain a steady speed as set by the driver. 1.2.1.6 Anti-lock Breaking System:- This is a safety system that prevents the wheels on a motor vehicle from locking up (or ceasing to rotate) while braking.A rotating road wheel allows the

driver to maintain steering control under heavy braking by preventing a skid and allowing the wheel to continue interacting tractively with the road surface as directed by driver steering inputs. ABS offers improved vehicle control and decreases stopping distances on dry and especially slippery surfaces

1.2.2 Passive Safety Ststem While active safety features help avoid an accident, passive safety items are there to protect you should the worst happen. Airbags, seatbelt pre-tensioners and anti-whiplash head restraints, Energy-absorbing bumpers, Side-impact protection, Head restraints, Infant and child seats,Front and Rear crumple zones are common examples of passive safety.