SACRED HEART CENTRAL SCHOOL

486, East Pondy Road, East Shanmugapuram Colony,

VILLUPURAM 605-602

TOPIC : TO
DEPARTMENT : PHYSICS
NAME : EVAN GERSHON .I
STD :
REGT.NO. :
ROLL.NO. :
 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Physics Investigatory Project entitled “TO FIND

REFRACTIVE INDICES OF WATER AND TURPENTINE OIL

USING A PLANE MIRROR, A EQUICONVEX LENS AND AN

ADJUSTABLE OBJECT NEEDLE” has been successfully completed by

K. ARUL MURUGAN of Class XII under the guidance of Mr.S. RUBAN in

particular fulfillment of the curriculum of Central board of Secondary Education

(CBSE) leading to award of annual examination of the year 2022 – 23.

Teacher – in – charge External Examiner Internal Examiner

Principal
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I EVAN GERSHON .I of grade 12 pay my obeisance to Almighty

God who have bestowed upon me with good health, courage,
inspiration and zeal. After God I would like to express my sincere
gratitude to my school PRINCIPAL SR. SUSEELA and to my
Physics teacher Mr. S. RUBAN, PGT in Physics M.Sc., M.Phil.,
M.Ed., for his vital support, guidance and encouragement – without
whom this project would not have come forth.

I would also like to express my gratitude to my school

SACRED HEART CENTRAL SCHOOL for letting me use the
School laboratory
 INDEX
1. BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

3. AIM OF THE PROJECT

4. ABSTRACT

5. MATERIALS REQUIRED

6. THEORY

7. PROCEDURE

8. OBSERVATION
3. AIM OF THE PROJECT
To study the factor on which the
self inductance of a coil depends
by observing the effect of this
coil, when put in series with a
resistor (bulb) in a circuit fed up
by an A.C. source of adjustable
frequency.
 4.THEORY
Self inductance is the property of a coil which opposes the
change in current through it. The self inductance of a coil (long
solenoid) is

L =( μo μr N^2 A)/l

where µr = Relative magnetic permeability of magnetic

material, µr =μ/μ_0

N =Total number of turns in solenoid

A = Area of cross-section of solenoid

l = Length of solenoid

Hence, the self inductance depends upon

No. of turns in solenoid

Geometry of coil, L A , L 1/l

Nature of core material, L µ

When an inductor is connected in series with a resistor (bulb)

with a variable source of frequency , then current flowing in the
bulb is

Irms = E_rms/Z

where Z =√(R2 )+ ω2 L2 = Impedance of the a.c. circuit

Here R = Resistance of bulb

L = Self inductance of coil

ω = 2πf = Angular frequency of a.c. source.

The brightness of bulb i.e., Heat generated in bulb is

H = I_rme2 Zt

P = H/t = Irms2 Zt

P = Irms2 √R2 + ω2 L2
5. MATERIALS REQUIRED
To study the factor on which the self inductance of a
coil depends by observing the effect of this coil, when put in
series with a resistor (bulb) in a circuit fed up by an A.C. source
of adjustable frequency.
6. PROCEDURE
• Make all connections as shown in circuit diagram.

• Switch on the A.C. supply and adjust the constant current in

the circuit by using the variable resistor (R1) (let frequency of
source is 60 Hz and voltage is 6V). Record the current in A.C.
ammeter and see the brightness of bulb.

• Now, put the soft iron rod inside the inductor core and record
the current in A.C. ammeter and again check the brightness of
bulb. The current and brightness both decreases.

• Now, switch off the supply and decrease the frequency of

A.C. source (say 50 Hz).

• Again switch on the supply and adjust the current in circuit at

same constant voltage 6V by using the rheostat. Note the
current in ammeter and brightness of bulb. The current and
brightness both will increases.

• Again insert the iron in the core of coil and note the current
and brightness. The current and brightness both decreases.

• Repeat the steps 5, 6 and 7 for different frequency of A.C.

source(say 40 Hz,30 Hz and 20 Hz).
7. OBSERVATIONS
1. Least count of ammeter = .......... A

2. Zero error of ammeter= ............. A

3. Range of ammeter= ....................A

8. RESULT
1. The current in the circuit decrease on inserting the iron rod in
the core of coil at constant frequent of applied voltage and
brightness of bulb decrease and vice-versa.

2. The current in the circuit increase on decreasing the

frequency of applied voltage and vice-versa. Therefore, the
brightness of bulb increase.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

1.
http://www.tutorvista.com/content/science/science-ii/magnetic-
effects-electric-current/force-current-carrying-conductor.php

2. http://gradestack.com/CBSE-Class-10th-Course/Magnetic-
Effects-of/Force-on-a-Current-/15035-2998-4742-study-wtw

3.
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/magnetic/forwir2.ht
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