Althea Nacion

Mr. Roel Caballes

Science 9
31 August 2022

The Fifth State of Matter: Bose-Einstein Condensate Utilization &

Who Discovered It?

A Bose-Einstein condensate consists of a macroscopic population

of the ground state of the system, and is a coherent state of matter. In
an ideal gas, this phase transition is purely quantum-statistical. In
addition, it is produced when boson particles are chilled to almost
absolute zero. Like a drop of water condensing out of damp air onto a
cold bowl, the Bose-Einstein Condensate appears as a dense tiny lump
at the bottom of the magnetic trap/bowl. The industry utilize them to
recreate more complex situations that we yet fail to fully understand in
quantum mechanics, such as superconductors or other properties of a
solid.

Despite decades of predictions, the first atomic BEC was not

created until June 5, 1995 by Eric Cornell and Carl Wieman of JILA.
The study of BECs has increased our knowledge of quantum physics
and revealed novel physical phenomena. Albert Einstein made this
prediction about this form of matter in 1924 based on Satyendra Nath
Bose's quantum formulations. Einstein soon built on Bose's work by
proving that "bosonic atoms" with even spins will combine into a
common quantum state at the lowest energy at extremely low
temperatures.

Moreover, to be alert and informed, it is imperative to be

knowledgeable about everything related to Bose-Einstein condensate.
There are many different types of matter, including solid, liquid, gas,
and plasma, and these are quite helpful in laboratories. However, Bose-
Einstein Condensate can be investigated as a distinct type of matter.
Even though much study has been done on this condensate, researchers
continue to be interested in this type of materials. Future research on
this form's numerous applications is possible.