SAN QUINTIN HIGH SCHOOL EDUCATIONAL

FOUNDATION, INCORPORATED
San Quintin, Pangasinan
A.Y. 2021-2022

"A STUDY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LEMON ZEST AS AN

ADDITIVE IN MAKING A FRAGRANCE SOAP"

A Capstone Research Paper Presented to the Faculty of the Senior High School
Department of San Quintin High School Educational Foundation, Incorporated.

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Subject of Research/Capstone

Project of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics for Academic
Year 2021-2022

____________________

by

Trisha Mae P. Abao

Danielle Mae C. Linsangan
Ron Ralphy M. Tanap
Lanz Jordan Q. Tecson

April 2022
 FOREWORD

The inspiration for this capstone project stemmed from the researchers’

struggle and experience in this time of the pandemic. As they face the pandemic,

they adapt to a new way of life and learning. Now, at San Quintin High School

Educational Foundation, Incorporated, the students learn through modular

learning. Thus, the struggle of the students to learn independently rose to the

occasion, and with Capstone Project, Inquiries and Investigation being a self-

contained research study carried out by a student to identify the volume and depth

of theoretical knowledge gained during training and evaluate the ability to apply it

to practical problems. So, the researchers investigated a descriptive study on the

effectiveness of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), coconut oil (Cocos nucifera),

lavender essential oil (Lavandula angustifolia), and lemon zest (Citrus limon) as

fragrance soap’s constituents.

This study would not have been possible if it weren’t for the strong support of

the group, and for the time and efforts poured out by each and every single one of

the researchers into accomplishing this study.

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers would like to take this opportunity to convey the heartfelt

gratitude to everyone who helped the researchers complete this study work.

The researchers want to express their gratitude to their capstone adviser, Mrs.

Maria Cristina R. Medenilla whose invaluable assistance has enabled them to

accomplish this research. Her recommendations and instructions have made a

significant contribution to the research's conclusion. The researchers appreciate

her counsel, insightful comments, and suggestions during this project. The

researchers would also like to express their gratitude for her patience and

assistance throughout the study's drafting process.

The researchers would also like to express their appreciation to their

classmates, and friends for assisting them in the creation of this capstone project,

as well as for their insightful remarks and recommendations, and for contributing

to the capstone's completion. The researchers also like to thank their parents for

their unfailing understanding and encouragement while they are conducting

capstone and writing our project. So far, the prayer for them has kept them going.

This capstone project would not have been possible without the group's strong

support, as well as the time and effort put in by each of them to finish it.
 APPROVAL SHEET

This capstone project entitled, "A STUDY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF

LEMON ZEST AS AN ADDITIVE IN MAKING A FRAGRANCE SOAP",

prepared and submitted by Trisha Mae P. Abao, Danielle Mae C. Linsangan, Ron

Ralphy M. Tanap, and Lanz Jordan Q. Tecson in partial fulfillment of the

requirements for Research/Capstone Project of Science, Technology, Engineering

and Mathematics, has been examined, approved, and is hereby endorsed.

MARIA CRISTINA R. MEDENILLA, LPT

Adviser

PANEL OF EXAMINERS

Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with the grade of ____.

ENGR. JONATHAN L. LAUREANO

Chairperson

CHARLIE T. RAMOS, LPT ROBIE B. HERNANDEZ

 Member Member

MARK FERIDEL O. OJASTRO, LPT

Member

Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for

Research/Capstone Project of Science, Technology, Engineering and

Mathematics.

EMILIANA V. JAMON

SHS Focal Person

 ABSTRACT

This capstone project seeks to determine the effectiveness of DIY fragrance

soap to the residents of San Quintin. The main objectives of the study are as

follows: (1) create a cleansing product; (2) make a fragrance soap using Do-It-

Yourself (DIY) method; and (3) determine the effectiveness of fragrance soap for

cleansing skin. The study utilized a quantitative research design. Specifically,

descriptive research design. The term descriptive research was used to survey and

to gather data about the effectiveness of DIY fragrance soap which were made up

of 10 items. The researchers used a statistical tool that would help give an

accurate percentage on how many respondents chose or did not choose an item in

the questionnaire, which was relevant in formulating the interpretation and

conclusion of the study. The researcher’s goal is to create a fragrant soap made

from natural ingredients that can be used for cleansing. In addition, the

researchers hope to develop a safer and more leveled-up soap with only five

ingredients. The respondents were the residents of San Quintin that could provide

a clear and accurate response to the survey questions as well as an accurate

assessment of the product’s effectiveness. Based on the overall results, the DIY

fragrance soap is effective in cleansing skin and it has a good smell using the

lavender essential oil and lemon zest and a lot of the respondents are willing to try

the fragrance soap again. On the other hand, few of the respondents felt

uncomfortable in using fragrance soap that leaves a drying effect on their skin. It
is recommended to upgrade or add up other chemicals to the soap. They can

innovate the soap into anti-bacterial or whitening soap, without removing the

alluring fragrance of the soap itself. In addition, the researchers also

recommended gathering more samples when conducting an experiment in making

a DIY fragrance soap to ensure the reliability of the study.

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

FOREWORD……………………………….………..….…………………………i
AKNOWLEDGEMENT………………………..…………………………….…...ii
APPROVAL SHEET………………………..……………………………………iii
ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………….v
TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………………..
….vii
CHAPTER I: RESEARCH BACKGROUND
Introduction…………………………………………..……………………1
Objectives of the Study………………………………..
…………………...3
Statement of the Problem…………………………...……...………....…...3
Scope and Delimitation……………………………………..……...……...4
Significance of the Study………………………………………..…………
4
Definition of Terms……………………………………..…....……………6
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
Related Literature……………………………………………...…………..8
Related Studies………………………………………………………...…10
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design………………………………………....………..…...…12
Research Instrument……………………………………....……………...12
Statistical Tool Used………………………………………………..…....13
Ingredients…………………………………………………..……………14
Tools and Equipment……………………………………..……………...15
 Research Goal…………………………………………………....………15
Research Procedure…………………………………………....…...….…16
Research Strategy………………………………………………………...16
Respondent Selection……………………………………………….……18
Data Gathering Technique……………………………………..…...……18
Flowchart of the Study…………………………………………....…...…19
CHAPTER IV: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Profile of Respondents………………………………..……………….…24
Product Tested…………………………………………...…...…..……...25
Evaluation and Response………………………………..……………….27
Overall Results…………………………………………………………...31
CHAPTER V: SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary…………………………………………..………………....…..32
Conclusion…………………………………………….....…...……….…34
Recommendation………………………………………………………...38
REFERENCE LIST………………………………………...……………...….….ix
APPENDICES:
Appendix A……………………………………………………..…..……xii
Appendix B……………………………………………………..……….xiii
Appendix C…………………………………………………….………..xvi
CURRICULUM VITAE……………………………………………....……….xviii
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

     Soap is one of the most essential things that is being used every day. It is for

cleaning and washing the body and it ensures that the microbes in the external

parts, such as the skin, would be removed. In terms of hygienic measures, soap is

a prominent cleanser that helps people eradicate germs and bacteria that make

contact with the skin, as well as maintain the body's health and sanity. According

to Hodgson (2015), soaps have lubricant and may contain agents that disinfect or

neutralize bacteria.  The lubricant in soap is what will cause dirt to be lifted or

moved off of the skin with the help of water.  

     Soap is available for personal, commercial and industrial use. There is

handmade, homemade and commercially produced soap; there is soap used to

wash clothes, dishes and cars; there is soap used for the pet; soap for the carpet

and soap for the child.

     Meanwhile, fragrance preferences are partly genetic and partly experiential.

Many accumulated fragrance experiences throughout their lives.  In fact, they

learn to navigate the world by smell alone before they learn language.  The sense

of smell is the only fully formed sense at birth. Smell plays an important role

when it comes to fragrance because they are collateral and almost synonymous.

However, smell is something that a nose can sense, whereas, fragrance gives not

just a smell but a positive scent which attracts people.

     Soap making, according to Gerea (2016), is a constantly evolving process. It is

like a science experiment that one can do even in homes that will almost work if

one knows how to do it. Today, there are a lot of soaps that are made in factories.

But there are also some households that create and sell soap. Many people make

soap for different purposes, depending on the reason on why they should make a

soap. Perhaps, soap making is an easy process as mentioned by Gerea in her

feature post that even if one is not a chemist or a scientist, they can still start

making a soap.

     Also, one of the significant processes in making a soap is called saponification.

According to a page by Hamner (2006), saponification is the name given to a

chemical reaction that occurs when a vegetable oil or animal fat is mixed with a

strong alkali. The product of this reaction will then lead to the making of a soap,

which is the basis of the main idea of the whole study. This study would also be

undergoing the same process along the way through the experimentation.

     Thus, the researchers attempted to study the DIY fragrance soap that used to

cleanse skin in order to find its feasibility, which will also suffice the satisfaction

of the people of San Quintin. The researchers aimed to produce a fragrance soap

that is different from other soap products which can be found around the

community of San Quintin. This research study aimed to create a product made of

natural ingredients for cleansing skin using the Do-It-Yourself (DIY) method.
 Objectives of the Study

The main objectives of the study are as follows:

 Create a product that can be used for cleansing skin;

 Making a fragrance soap using the Do-It-Yourself (DIY) method; and

 Determine the effectiveness of DIY fragrance soap for cleansing skin

Statement of the Problem

This research study seeks to determine the effectiveness of fragrance soap to

the residents of San Quintin. Specifically, it seeks to answer the following

questions:

 How to create a product that can be used for cleansing?

 How to make a fragrance soap using the Do-It-Yourself (DIY) method?

 Is there an effectiveness of DIY fragrance in cleansing skin?

 Scope and Delimitation

     This study is only limited among the respondents of San Quintin. The making

of the soap would be done by the researchers for both male and female residents

of San Quintin who were identified to be the respondents. The main purpose of

the study is to prove that the fragrance soap could achieve the potential of the

soap which is to cleanse the skin. The study considers the respondents’ personal

information such as their name (optional), and gender. The researchers limited the

study among 10 respondents only. In order to assure manageability of the

collected data, the questionnaire only included multiple choice items and

checklist, and did not include the open-ended response items.

Significance of the Study

The result of the study was a great benefit to the following:

Students. This study would benefit the students by allowing them to determine if

the effectiveness of the fragrance soap as this soap is used for cleansing purposes

Parents. Parents will profit from this study since they will discover the cleansing

effect of fragrance soap and enhance their knowledge in this matter.

Entrepreneurs. This research will serve as a guide for entrepreneurs, supplying

the components and ingredients required to create the invention of fragrance soap.
Determining the overall benefits of the innovation of fragrance soap can also

assist them in commercializing the invented fragrance soap.

Future Researchers. This research will serve as a guideline for future research,

providing a broader understanding that may be used in similar studies. When they

apply this research, they may quickly understand the ideas and principles for their

study.
 Definition of Terms

     The purpose of clarification, the important terms used in the study have been

defined. The following terms are:

 Fragrance 

Conceptual Definition: A pleasant smell and or something that is

compounded to give off a sweet or pleasant odor.

Operational Definition: The study used this term as the independent

variable because it is inconsistent and it is changeable.

 Hygiene 

Conceptual Definition: The things that you do to keep yourself and

your surroundings clean in order to maintain good health.

Operational Definition: This term was used as a supporting concept

that was related to the proper use of soap to the users in the study.

 Lubricant 

Conceptual Definition: A substance that causes something to be

slippery and to move more smoothly.

Operational Definition: In this research, the term was used as the

capability of the soap to maintain its fragrance in a long period of time.

 Saponification

Conceptual Definition: The name given to a chemical reaction that

occurs when a vegetable oil or animal fat is mixed with a strong alkali.

Operational Definition: This study conducted an experimentation that

would be undergoing this process.

 Smell

Conceptual Definition: The quality of a thing that you can sense with

your nose.

Operational Definition: In this study, this term was used as a word

correlation to fragrance. Smell gives the nose the ability to sense

fragrant odors.

 Soap

Conceptual Definition: A substance used for washing something. It is

also a cleansing and emulsifying agent made usually by action of alkali

on fat.

Operational Definition: This term was used in the study as the main

subject and the dependent variable that would be focused on.

 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

     This chapter introduces the related literatures and studies taken from the

internet, unpublished research papers and other reading materials, which provide

additional information related to the study about making a fragrance soap.

Related Literature

     Based on the study administered by Carney (2016), soap had been used to

clean, to heal skin aches, and as a skin ointment for ages. But in the world today,

the general public use soap as a purifier or aroma. If the body needs soap for

cleaning, bathing, and washing then soap also needs a packaging to keep itself

safe from harmful effects of environmental conditions. Inclusive, benevolent and

protective covering is necessary to guard the highly active ingredients used in

soaps. The quality of these types of soaps can easily depreciate by keeping them

in an open atmosphere without protective material. With that much usability of

soaps, they could be considered as a primary part of daily life. And the most

important feature about all sorts of soaps is their packaging. Whatever soap one is

manufacturing or using, whether it is a liquid soap or a traditional bar soap, it

must come with a packaging. With the same type of ingredients involved in soap

manufacturing, the competitive edge gained by the company could only be

achieved through attractive packaging.

     There are also beneficial effects of the soap because it contains sweet

fragrances that help in relaxing the mind from anxiety and depression. They could

be utilized for moisturizing dry skin and for softening the skin and can clean the

skin deeply, so are they very useful for women who wear makeup, as they help in

removing it completely. The essential oils present in the aromatherapy soaps also

slow down the process of aging of the skin, used for the treatment of wrinkles and

scars on the skin. Additionally, they were intended for the treatment of

abnormally enlarged skin pores that also remove toxins from the surface of the

skin and help the skin to breathe and oxygenate, and the essential oils in the

aromatherapy soaps are used to cure skin diseases such as eczema and skin

allergies (“Aromatherapy Soaps,” 2009).

In one research study by Siddons (2009), bar soaps may look pretty simple

and just ordinary. A bathing process of adding water, soap up and rinsing off. But

hidden inside the innocent lump are a few advantages that are waiting to surf up.

Because the skin is bombarded daily with foreign influences such as scorching

sun, drying winds, biting cold weather, bacteria and dirt, our distant ancestors

learned quickly that preserving the health of skin is a way for a better and longer

life. Bar soaps are excellent at getting the skin clean. Soaps are also cheap and

simple. These soaps lather up decently allowing the soap and water to spread

across the skin and attach to the dirt and oil to remove them. However, they often

remove too much oil from the skin, taking away the moisture of the skin. Experts

recommend following up with a moisturizer to add it back. With its beneficiary

medical use, ability to clean the clothes and disinfect the surroundings from
harmful bacteria and dirt, soaps remain one of the most useful and fundamental

hygiene tools that mankind ever created.

Related Studies

     In research conducted by Alfajora, et. al (2013), if one tries or attempts making

soap for the first time, one has to use a large pot when mixing the oils with the lye

solution because if there would be a mistake, the mixture will react and will

bubble a lot, and if not done in a large pot, it will overflow and will certainly get

very messy. The added information would serve as a guide for the study to

prevent from creating mistakes during the process of making the soap. Alfajora

and the members of his research study wrote a recommendation for the part of

their study they failed to accomplish. Thus, their study is related to this research

because it’s all about creating soap and giving a brief reminder in mixing oil with

lye.

     According to a blogger under a username of Sweeny (2009), people have been

using different herbal soaps that are expensive and less effective nowadays. That

is why their research aims to make an effective and cheaper herbal soap. Like

guava leaves, it contains major antioxidant pigments, carotene and polyphenols,

giving them high dietary antioxidant value among plant foods. This study is

related to this present research because of making use of the soap. Both of these

studies aimed to have an effective product and a cheaper soap, but with the

achievement of the desired part of accomplishment.

 According to a blog that lemon peels aid in the prevention and treatment of

wrinkles, acne, pigmentation, and dark spots on the skin. In this process, free

radicals play a critical role. These are also high in antioxidants, which have a

strong detoxifying effect on the skin. Lemon is high in pectin, phenols, and

hydroxycinnamates, all of which are beneficial to your skin. Lemon peel is a

terrific skin booster that leaves you with radiant, silky skin. Because of the acidic

nature of lemon, when used to exfoliate dead skin and stimulate new skin growth,

the acid helps to cleanse and lighten our skin. Brown spots, age spots, and

freckles may all be treated with lemons. The citric acid contained in lemons helps

in bleaching and clarifying the skin. The top layer of your skin is exfoliated by the

acids and thus, it helps to fade pigmentation. Direct application of fresh lemon

juice on blackheads helps to remove them effectively. The citric acid aids to

dissolve the blackhead-causing oils in your skin (“Lemon Peel Benefits for Skin,”

2013).
 CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

In this chapter, the research methodology of the research study, including the

design, instrument, statistical tool used, ingredients, tools and equipment, research

goal, research procedure, research strategy, selection of respondents, and data

gathering technique are discussed.

Research Design

The study utilized a quantitative research design. Specifically, descriptive

research design. The term descriptive research uses survey questionnaires to

gather data about the effectiveness of DIY fragrance soap. What proves using

descriptive research design is its random selection of participants. Descriptive

research aims to accurately and systematically describe a population, situation or

phenomenon.

Research Instrument

The data were collected through the survey questionnaires, which were made

up of 10 items. (1) In test I in survey questionnaires asked the respondents about

the tested soap; and (2) In test II in survey questionnaires asked the respondents

about their response after they use the soap.

 Statistical Tool Used

The researchers used a statistical tool that would help give an accurate

percentage on how many respondents chose or did not choose an item in the

questionnaire, which was relevant in formulating the interpretation and conclusion

of the study. In relation, the formula encompassed the frequency, or the number of

respondents, and the total population which was multiplied to a hundred to yield a

percentage. The formula used to sum up the survey conducted as follows:

f
P= x 100
n

Where:

P = percentage

n = total population

f = frequency or number of the respondents

 Ingredients

• Essential Oil (Lavender) - Lavender oil is an essential oil made from the

lavender plant. Lavender is probably the number 1 essential oil when it comes to

healing skin conditions, burns and cuts. With its anti-inflammatory, antifungal,

antimicrobial and detoxifying benefits, lavender essential oil can help reduce

redness, soothe and calm the skin and rapidly heal minor cuts and scrapes, as well

as rashes. It is one of the major constituents as it contributes to the scent of the

fragrance soap.

• Coconut Oil - Coconut oil in soap is a cleanser. This means it is an ingredient

that mainly offers the ability to cleanse the bacteria of the skin and dirt on it.

Coconut oil in soap also has other abilities than cleanser. Coconut is one of the

few oils that create large bubbles.

• Sodium Hydroxide - Sodium hydroxide can saponify oils. That means it helps

the oils and fats lather and foam into a soap. Without it, the soap would be a big

mess of various oils and fats that aren't unified into one product.

• Lemon Zest - Lemon is a powerful cleansing agent. The lemon zest gets

blended into the soap utilized as a deodorizer and adds a beautiful yellow color.

The rest gets stirred to give a speckled, lemony look to the bar.

• Dried Lavenders - Dried lavender as a healer. In addition to its analgesic

properties, lavender is also well-known for its antifungal, antiseptic and

antibacterial properties. All of these make dried lavender an ideal ingredient to the

bar soap.

Tools and Equipment

 Whisk

 Mortar and Pestle

 Measuring Cups

 Beaker apparatus

 Mixing Bowl

 Silicone Molds

 Spatula

 Grater

Research Goal

The researcher's goal is to create a fragrance soap made from natural

ingredients that can be used for cleansing. In addition, the researchers hope to

develop a safer and more leveled-up soap with only five ingredients. The product

contains lemon zest, which serves as the major twist because it may be utilized as

a deodorizer. The product was created using a do-it-yourself method, making it

accessible to the majority of people.

 Research Procedure

The experimental research design was adopted in this study. The researchers

combined coconut oil, sodium hydroxide, lavender essential oil, lemon zest, and

dried lavenders, where it can be used as DIY fragrance soap to cleanse skin.

Crushing and grinding, grating, and mixing are all used in the production of the

product. The researchers planned to use the DIY fragrance soap made as an

independent variable and the product's effectiveness as a dependent variable.

Research Strategy

In order to reach the desired result, the research study was carried out using the

following approaches. They started by preparing their coconut oil and measuring

it into the beaker apparatus (they need a 250 mL coconut oil). The sodium

hydroxide was then ground and crushed in the mortar and pestle until it had a fine,

powdery texture. They then began to prepare the water for the concoction, as well

as grating the lemon skin to make lemon zest. They put on their safety gear,

which included gloves and a facemask, before starting to mix the sodium

hydroxide and water together.

They then proceed to fill the container with 60 mL distilled water and 80 g

sodium hydroxide. The researchers are being cautious when combining because it

is a dangerous substance that can harm them if it comes into contact with their
skin or is inhaled. The researchers simply stir it slowly and smoothly until the

proper heat or temperature is reached. While the others are combining, the others

are preparing the other necessary ingredients, such as coconut oil, lavender

essential oil, lemon zest, and dried lavenders. The mixture achieves the desired

heat or temperature after a few minutes, so they immediately add the coconut oil

to the mixing bowl, followed by the mixture of sodium hydroxide and water.

They also added 8 drops of lavender essential oil, 30 g lemon zest and 30 g

dried lavenders while mixing the remaining ingredients. They combine all of the

ingredients until the desired consistency is achieved. While waiting for the perfect

consistency, the others began preparing the silicone molds into which the

substance would be poured. They also plan to discover a location where the

product may be hidden for 24 hours. They obtained the perfect consistency they

were looking for after a few minutes of stirring and mixing, so they promptly

poured the concoction into the silicon molder and left it for 24 hours in the hidden

location to check the outcomes or changes.

They began to observe the results/changes one day later to see if it transformed

into fragrance bar soap, and it did. It takes a week for the researchers to be able to

use it. Following a one-week wait, the researchers tested their product in their

homes to determine if it could be used for cleansing skin. It was also carried out

to ensure that the product was suitable for use.

 Respondent Selection

Respondents were chosen at random. The respondents were the residents of

San Quintin that could provide a clear and accurate response to the survey's

question as well as an accurate assessment of the product's effectiveness. As

stated in the study's objectives, the researchers performed the survey with only 10

respondents who are the residents of San Quintin.

Data Gathering Technique

The effectiveness of the product was conducted through a survey questionnaire

done by the researchers. To conduct the survey, the researchers went from house

to house in various barangays in San Quintin. The researchers outlined the

ingredients utilized as well as the study's principal purpose, which is to cleanse

the skin. The respondents are initially given the opportunity to use the product

before being asked questions about its effectiveness by the researchers. The

researchers also asked them for their names quickly in order to obtain proof, and

they clarified that the respondent's identity would not be featured in the study in

order to protect their privacy.

 Flowchart of the Study

Documentation

Figure 1 Figure 2

Measuring a 250 mL coconut oil Refining an 80 g sodium hydroxide

in a beaker apparatus

Figure 3 Figure 4

Mixing an 80 g sodium hydroxide Grating lemon peel to get the zest

in 60 mL distilled water
 Figure 5

Refining a dried lavender as additives

 Figure 6 Figure 7

Pouring 250 mL coconut oil Pouring the mixture of sodium

hydroxide

into a mixing bowl and water in mixing bowl with coconut

oil

Figure 8 Figure 9

Adding 8 drops of lavender Adding a 30 g of lemon zest

essential oil
 Figure 10 Figure 11

Adding a 30 g of refined dried Storing the soap after being placed

lavender in a mold
 Figure 12

After 1 day of making a fragrance soap

 CHAPTER IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter presents the findings, analysis, interpretation of data gathered. As

descriptive research study, the analysis was carried out in one phase; through

survey questionnaires. Questionnaires were distributed to 10 respondents and

were accomplished by the residents of San Quintin in both male and female. Its

main objective is to identify the effectiveness of fragrance bar soap in cleansing

skin.

The following are the tabular results and interpretation of the result in the

survey and experiment conducted by the researchers:

Profile of Respondents

The profile of the respondents discussed in this chapter includes some personal

information such as gender and population.

N = 10
Gender Frequency Percentage
Male 5 50 %
Female 5 50 %
Total 10 100 %

Table 1. RESPONDENTS’ GENDER

The table above shows that 50% of the total numbers of respondents were male

whereas 50% of the total numbers of respondents were female. This data shows

how the different genders provided the good amount of analysis on the different

preference of both men and women.

I. PRODUCT TESTED: (FRAGRANCE SOAP)

N = 10
Characters Frequency Percentage

It smells good 10 100 %

It smells bad 0 0%

Total 10 100 %

Table 2. THE CONDITION OF THE TESTED SOAP’S SCENT

Table 2 explains the answers of the respondents about the condition of the

soap’s scent tested on them. The researchers have given three choices to the

respondents. After the analyzation, the results show how all of the respondents

had chosen that the soap smells good. And 3 respondents with a percentage of 30

% have chosen that the soaps scent is okay. The results gathered present how

majority of the students find the fragrance of the soap good.

N = 10

Characters Frequency Percentage

Yes 3 30 %

No 7 70 %

Total 10 100 %

Table 3. RESPONDENTS WHO FIND THE SOAP UNCOMFORTABLE

 Table 3 presents that 70 % of the respondents have disagreed with regards to

the soap being uncomfortable to their skin, while the rest of the respondents, the

remaining 30 % have agreed to it being uncomfortable. The results identified 7

respondents to have felt okay with the soap. Therefore, 3 out of 10 respondents

found it uncomfortable.

N=3
Characters Frequency Percentage

It has a drying effect on

3 100 %
skin

Scent is too strong 0 0%

I don’t have allergies

0 0%
but it’s itchy

Others: (specification) 0 0%

Total 3 100%

Table 4. REASONS OF THE RESPONDENTS WHO SAID “YES” AS TO

WHY THEY FELT UNCOMFORTABLE WITH THE SOAP
Table 4 presents only those who answered “Yes” from the previous question

on Table 3. There are a total of 3 respondents who answered about the soap being

uncomfortable. The researchers have given out four choices. After the

analyzation, the results shows that three of the respondents have chosen that the

DIY fragrance soap has a drying effect on their skin.

 N=7
Characters Frequency Percentage

It’s fine for my skin 4 57.14 %

I like the scent 3 42.86 %

It fits my taste and

0 0%
preference perfectly

Others: (specification) 0 0%

Total 7 100 %

Table 5. FACTORS THAT MADE THE RESPONDENTS WHO SAID “NO”

TO FEEL UNCOMFORTABLE WITH THE SOAP

Table 5 presents the answers of the respondents who disagreed with the soap

being uncomfortable to their skin. The researchers have given four choices to the

respondents. After the analyzation, the result shows that 57.14 % of the

respondents didn’t find it uncomfortable for they are really fine for their skin, and

42.86 % of them have chosen that they like the scent.

II. EVALUATION AND RESPONSE

N = 10
Characters Frequency Percentage

Yes 6 60 %

No 4 40 %

Total 10 100 %

Table 6. MARKETABILITY OF THE SOAP

 Table 6 shows the analyzation of the respondents who answered whether the

soap would be okay to be placed at the market or not. The respondents who

agreed have the percentage of 60 % who are 6 out of 10 respondents. Those who

disagreed have the percentage of 40 % with a total of 4 out of 10 respondents. The

table simply shows that the DIY fragrance soap is good enough to be placed in the

market.

N = 10
Characters Frequency Percentage

Yes 7 70 %

No 3 30 %

Total 10 100 %

Table 7. WILLINGNESS OF THE RESPONDENTS TO USE THE SOAP

AGAIN

Table 8 shows the results of the answers of the respondents about the question

on their willingness to use the product again. The analyzation resulted to 70 %

respondents who agreed to use the product again. On the other hand, the

remaining 30 % respondents disagreed in using it again.

 N=7
Characters Frequency Percentage

It smells good 1 14.29 %

It’s worth to try 6 85.71 %

Others: (specification) 0 0%

Total 7 100 %

Table 8. REASONS OF THE RESPONDENTS WHO SAID “YES” AS TO

WHY THEY WILL USE THE SOAP AGAIN

Table 8 explains the reasons of the respondents who answered “Yes” on the

previous question on Table 7. The researchers have given out four choices to the

respondents. After the analyzation, the result shows that 85.71 % of the

respondents have answered that the fragrance soap is worth to try, the reason why

they are willing to try it again. Then 14.29 % of the respondents with a have

agreed for it is smell good hence, willing to try it again.

N=3

Characters Frequency Percentage

I’m not fond of the scent
I just don’t want to
I don’t use scented soaps
Others: (I’m not
comfortable/ my skin
gets dry)
Total
0 0%
2 66.67 %
0 0%
1 33.33 %
3 100 %

Table 9. REASONS OF THE RESPONDENTS WHO SAID “NO” AS TO WHY

THEY WON’T USE THE SOAP AGAIN
 Table 9 presents the answers of the respondents in the survey for those who

answered “No” in the previous question on Table 7. After the analyzation, the

results shows that 66.67 % of the respondents who don’t want to try the fragrance

soap again. While the remaining 33.33 % of the respondents answered not

comfortable and the skin gets dry from the fragrance soap.

Commercialized DIY Fragrance Total

Soap Soap

Male 2 3 5

(40 %) (60 %)

Female 4 1 5

(80 %) (20 %)

Total 6 4 10

(60 %) (40 %)

Table 10. PREFERENCES IN SOAP

Table 10 presents the answers of the respondents about their preferences in

soap. The analyzation shows that out of 5 male respondents, 60 % of them prefer

using DIY fragrance soap and 40 % of them prefer using commercialized soap. In

addition, out of 5 female respondents, 80 % of them prefer using commercialized

soap and 20 % of them prefer using DIY fragrance soap. Therefore, out of 10

respondents, 60 % of them in both male and female prefer using commercialized

soap and the remaining 40 % in both male and female prefer using DIY fragrance

soap.

N = 10

For cleansing skin Frequency Percentage

The product is effective. 7 70 %

The product is not 3 30 %

effective.

Total 10 100 %

Table 11. EFFECTIVENESS OF DIY FRAGRANCE SOAP FOR CLEANSING

SKIN

Out of 10 respondents, seven of them responded that the product is effective,

which constitute 70 %. On the other hand, three of the respondents thought that

the product is not effective which constitutes 30 %. The product’s effectiveness is

evident, considering the 70 % positive feedback from the respondents. Based on

the overall results, the DIY fragrance soap is effective for cleansing skin and has a

good smell using the lavender essential oil and lemon zest and a lot of the

respondents are willing to try the DIY fragrance soap again. On the other hand,

few of the respondents felt uncomfortable in using the DIY fragrance soap that

leaves a drying effect on their skin.

 CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

A brief summary is presented in this chapter based from the previous chapters.

Yielding into results, this chapter also contains the researchers’ conclusions on

how feasible is making a fragrance soap. Recommendations are also included.

Summary

In order to find out if making DIY fragrance soap is possible, the researchers

conducted a study entitled, " A Study on the Effectiveness of Lemon Zest as an

Additive in Making a Fragrance Soap" The research aimed to study the main sub-

questions:

 How to create a product that can be used for cleansing?

 How to make a fragrance soap using Do-It-Yourself (DIY)

method?

 Is there an effectiveness of DIY fragrance soap for cleansing skin?

Related literatures and studies were obtained in order to find supporting

information and other details that will help make the study credible. This study

used quantitative research, which a DIY fragrance soap had to be made and be

tested to the respondents. Eventually, the researchers produced a DIY fragrance

soap named “Lavare-limon Scent” meaning (“Lavender-Lemon Scent”). The

word “lavender” comes from the Latin “lavare” (“to wash”) — the Romans used
the fragrant oil in their baths. Lastly, the word “limon” is a specific epithet in the

Latin binomial name of a species (Citrus limon).

The researchers gathered more information through survey questionnaires. The

survey questionnaire served as a guide for the researchers which contained the

respondents’ prior knowledge about DIY fragrance soaps, response after using the

DIY fragrance soap, and the respondents’ evaluation regarding the use of the DIY

fragrance soap.
 Conclusion

Based from the experiment conducted among the respondents using the DIY

fragrance soap and from the gathered information, the following findings were

specified:

I. Product Tested: (Fragrance Soap):

1. The answers of the respondents about the condition of the soap’s scent

tested on them. The researchers have given three choices to the

respondents. After the analyzation, the results show how all of the

respondents with a percentage of 100 % had chosen that the soap smells

good.

2. Out of 10 respondents, 70 % of them have disagreed with regards to the

soap being uncomfortable to their skin, while the remaining 30 % have

agreed to it being uncomfortable. The results identified 7 respondents to

have felt okay with the soap. Therefore, 3 out of 10 of the respondents

found it uncomfortable.

 There are a total of 3 respondents who answered about the

soap being uncomfortable. The researchers have given out

four choices. After the analyzation, the results shows that

100 % of the respondents have chosen that the DIY

fragrance soap has a drying effect on their skin.

 There are a total of 7 respondents who answered about the

soap being comfortable. The researchers have given four

 choices to the respondents. After the analyzation, the result

shows that 57.14 % of the respondents didn’t find it

uncomfortable for they are really fine for their skin, and

42.86 % of them have chosen that they like the scent.

II. Evaluation and Response:

1. In analyzing the respondents who answered whether the DIY fragrance

soap would be okay to be placed at the market or not. The respondents

who agreed have the percentage of 60 % who are 6 out of 10 respondents.

Those who disagreed have the percentage of 40 % with a total of 4 out of

10 respondents. Thus, it simple shows that the DIY fragrance soap is good

enough to be placed in the market.

2. The results of the answers of the respondents about the question on their

willingness to use the product again. The analyzation resulted to 70 %

respondents who agreed to use the product again. On the other hand, the

remaining 30 % respondents disagreed in using the fragrance soap again.

 There are a total of 7 respondents who answered about their

willingness to try the fragrance soap again. The researchers

have given out four choices to the respondents. The result

shows that 85.71 % of the respondents have answered that

the DIY fragrance soap is worth to try, the reason why they

are willing to try it again. Then 14.29 % of the respondents

 with a have agreed for it is smell good hence, willing to try

it again.

 There are a total of 3 respondents who answered about why

they won’t use the DIY fragrance soap again. The results

shows that 66.67 % of the respondents who don’t want to

try the DIY fragrance soap again. While the remaining

33.33 % of the respondents answered not comfortable and

the skin gets dry from the DIY fragrance soap.

4. The answers of the respondents about their preferences in soap. The

analyzation shows that out of 5 male respondents, 60 % of them prefer

using DIY fragrance bar soap and 40 % of them prefer using

commercialized soap. In addition, out of 5 female respondents, 80 % of

them prefer using commercialized soap and 20 % of them prefer using

DIY fragrance bar soap. Therefore, out of 10 respondents, 60 % of them in

both male and female prefer using commercialized soap and the remaining

40 % in both male and female prefer using DIY fragrance bar soap in

improving their personal hygiene.

5. The respondents who remarked that the product is effective and

respondents who remarked that the product is not effective. Out of 10

respondents, seven of them responded that the product is effective, which

constitute 70 %. On the other hand, three of the respondents thought that

the product is not effective which constitutes 30 %. The product’s

effectiveness is evident, considering the 70 % positive feedback from the

respondents. Based on the overall results, the DIY fragrance soap is

effective in cleansing skin and has a good smell using the lavender

essential oil and lemon zest and a lot of the respondents are willing to try

the DIY fragrance soap again. On the other hand, few of the respondents

felt uncomfortable in using the DIY fragrance soap that leaves a drying

effect on their skin.

 Recommendations

The researchers provide recommendations for the following persons:

 Future researchers

 They must invest a large amount of money in order to buy the full

set of ingredients unless there’s an available ingredient that could

be bought in their location. They must further find other ways that

would make the DIY fragrance soap effective if they wanted to

attain more benefits. They must also be careful and observe

precautionary measures in making the soap because skin contact is

dangerous; sodium hydroxide gets hot if mixed. Dedication and

time management is a must for the researchers for them to

accomplish the whole study.

 It is also recommended to the future researchers to upgrade or add

up other chemicals to the soap. They can innovate the soap into

anti-bacterial or whitening soap, without removing the alluring

fragrance of the soap itself.

 Consumers

 If they are going to look for a fragrance soap, they may try

“Lavare-limon Scent” if it is going to be sold in the market.

 Parents

 They may use “Lavare-limon Scent” if they wanted to improve

their child’s hygiene.

 Entrepreneurs

 Creativity and innovation may be applied to “Lavare-limon

Scent” in order to have more efficient output with low price.

They may also discover new fragrance besides lavender and

lemon scent and improve other soap qualities.

 REFERENCE LIST

 Hodgson, T. (2015, February 06). Hygiene: How important is soap to

handwashing [Online forum comment]. Message posted to

<https://www.quora.com/Hygiene-How-important-is-soap-to-

handwashing>

 What is your most popular soap? (2017). Retrieved from

<http://www.drbubbles.com/faqs.htm>

 Alex (2017, June 16). Why is fragrance important to some people [Online

forum content]. Message posted to <https://www.quora.com/Why-is-

fragrance-important-to-some-people>

 Patel, A. (2017, June 12). Why is fragrance important to some people

[Online forum content]. Message posted to <https://www.quora.com/Why-

is-fragrance-important-to-some-people>

 Why is smell important? (2012, March 19). Retrieved from

<https://www.air-aroma.com/blog/why-is-smell-important>

 Gerea, A. (2016, January 09). Asoapy affair – the science of homemade

soap making. Retrieved from<https://www.zmescience.com/other/feature-

post/making-soap-home/#How_you_can_ make_more_eco-

friendly_soap>
 Hamner, R. (2006, November 02). What is saponification? Retrieved from

<www.realhandmadesoap. com/folders/FAQ/what_is_saponification.htm>

 Siddons, S. (2009, August 20). How is a non-soap bar different from soap?

Retrieved

fromhttp://health.howstuffworks.com/skin-care/cleansing/products/non-

soap-bar.htm

 Patricia. (2009, March 05). Aromatherapy soaps for soothing effects on

the skin. Retrieved

from<http://www.yogawiz.com/blog/aromatherapy/aromatherapy-

soaps.html>

 Carney, A. (2016, June 16). Impotance and benefits of soap packaging.

Retrieved from

<http://www.yogawiz.com/blog/aromatherapy/aromatherapy-soaps.html>

 Sweeny. (2009, April 02). Guava leaves extract as main ingredient in

making herbal soap for washing wounds. Retrieved from<http://sweeny-

3lewis.blogspot.com/2009/04/guava-leaves-extract-as-main-

ingredient.html?m=1>

 Alfajor, J., Mcnaughton, G., Gatcho, B.(2013, October 22). Ampalunggay

Soap. Retrieved from

http://ampalunggaysoap.blogspot.com/2013/10/presenting-ampalunggay-

soap.html?m=1

 “Lemon Peel Benefits for Skin”. (2013, February). Retrieved from

https://thegoodstuffbotanicals.com/lemon-peel-benefits-for-skin/#:~:text=
Benefits%20of%20Lemon%20Peel&text=Lemon%20peels%20help%20in

%20preventing,to%20a%20very%20great%20extent.

APPENDICES
 APPENDIX A

March 28, 2022

To the Respondents:

We, the students of STEM 12 of San Quintin High School Educational

Foundation, Incorporated, are currently conducting capstone research on making

DIY fragrance soap. The aim of this study is to know the effectiveness of using a

DIY fragrance soap in cleansing skin to the residence of San Quintin.

You may refuse or leave blank some of the questions you do not wish to

answer. Your responses in this survey will be confidential and anonymous. Data

from this research will only report the tallied information we have gathered. If

you wish to cooperate with us, kindly check the box/ boxes that corresponds your

answer to the following questions.

Your cooperation in this survey would be much appreciated. Thank you.

Respectfully yours,
 TRISHA MAE P. ABAO

DANIELLE MAE C. LINSANGAN

RON RALPHY M. TANAP

LANZ JORDAN Q. TECSON

Investigators

APPENDIX B

"A Study on the Effectiveness of Lemon Zest as an Additive in Making a

Fragrance Soap"

Name (Optional):

Gender: Female Male

Direction: Put a check (√) on the box that corresponds to your answer. Choose

only one best answer.

I. PRODUCT TESTED: “Lavare-limon Scent”

1. How is the scent of the soap you tested?

It smells good It smells okay

It smells bad Others, please specify: ____________

2. Do you find the soap uncomfortable?

 Yes No

3. If yes, what could be the reasons?

It has a drying effect on skin I don’t have allergies but it’s itchy

Scent is too strong Others, please specify: ____________________

4. If no, what could be the factors?

It’s fine for my skin It fits my taste and preference perfectly

I like the scent Others, please specify: ____________________

II. EVALUATION AND RESPONSE

1. Do you think the product is marketable?

Yes No

2. Will you use this soap again?

Yes No

3. If yes, why will you use it?

It smells good Others, please specify: ___________

It’s worth to try

4. If no, why won’t you use it?

 I’m not fond of the scent I don’t use scented soaps

It leaves a drying effect on skin Others, please specify:

______

5. Effectiveness of DIY fragrance soap in cleansing skin

The product is effective

The product in not effective

6. What type of soap do you prefer?

Commercialized Soap

DIY Fragrance Soap

 APPENDIX C

FIGURES

Figure 1. Measuring a 250 mL coconut oil in a beaker apparatus

Figure 2. Refining an 80 g of sodium hydroxide

Figure 3. Mixing an 80 g of sodium hydroxide in 60 mL distilled water

Figure 4. Grating a lemon peel to get the zest

Figure 5. Refining a dried lavender

Figure 6. Pouring 250 mL of coconut oil into a mixing bowl

Figure 7. Pouring the mixture of sodium hydroxide and water in mixing bowl

with coconut oil

Figure 8. Adding 8 drops of lavender essential oil

Figure 9. Adding a 30 g of lemon zest

Figure 10. Adding a 30 g of refined dried lavender

Figure 11. Storing the soap after being placed in a mold

Figure 12. After 1 day of making a DIY fragrance soap

TABLES

Table 1. Respondents’ Gender

Table 2. Condition of the tested soap’s scent

Table 3. Respondents who find the soap uncomfortable

Table 4. Reasons of the respondents who said “Yes” as to why they felt

uncomfortable with the soap

Table 5. Factors that made the respondents who said “No” to feel uncomfortable

with the soap

Table 6. Marketability of the soap

Table 7. Willingness of the respondents to use the soap again

Table 8. Reasons of the respondents who said “Yes” as to why they will use the

soap again

Table 9. Reason of the respondents who said “No” as to why they won’t use the

soap again

Table 10. Preferences in soap

Table 11. Effectiveness of DIY fragrance soap in cleansing skin

CURRICULUM
VITAE
TRISHA MAE PADUA ABAO

Address: Purok III, Brgy. Nangapugan, San Quintin,

Pangasinan
Email Address: trishamaganda13@gmail.com
Contact Number: +63 966 718 6736

PERSONAL DATA:
Age : 17 years old
Date of Birth : August 13, 2004
Place of Birth : San Quintin, Pangasinan
Civil Status : Single
Citizenship : Filipino
Religion : Roman Catholic

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:
ELEMENTARY
Name of School : Don Luis Domingo Sr. Elementary School
Address : Nangapugan, San Quintin, Pangasinan
Year Graduated : 2016
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Name of School : San Quintin High School Educational Foundation,
Incorporated
Address : Rizal St., Poblacion Zone 1, San Quintin, Pangasinan
Year Graduated : 2020
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Name of School : San Quintin High School Educational Foundation,
 Incorporated
Address : Rizal St., Poblacion Zone 1, San Quintin, Pangasinan
Year Graduated : 2022

DANIELLE MAE CAOILE LINSANGAN

Address: # 74 Purok I, Brgy. Alac, San Quintin,

Pangasinan
Email Address: dangdenyel@gmail.com
Contact Number: +63 966 645 4136

PERSONAL DATA:
Age : 17 years old
Date of Birth : September 27, 2004
Place of Birth : Tayug, Pangasinan
Civil Status : Single
Citizenship : Filipino
Religion : Born Again

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:
ELEMENTARY
Name of School : San Quintin Central School
Address : Casantamaria-an, San Quintin, Pangasinan
Year Graduated : 2016
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Name of School : San Quintin High School Educational Foundation,
Incorporated
Address : Rizal St., Poblacion Zone 1, San Quintin, Pangasinan
Year Graduated : 2020
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Name of School : San Quintin High School Educational Foundation,
 Incorporated
Address : Rizal St., Poblacion Zone 1, San Quintin, Pangasinan
Year Graduated : 2022
RON RALPHY MATUCAD TANAP

Address: # 160 Ferreria Subd., Brgy. Casantamaria-an,

San Quintin, Pangasinan
Email Address: rappytanap@gmail.com
Contact Number: +63 966 158 8139

PERSONAL DATA:
Age : 18 years old
Date of Birth : November 13, 2003
Place of Birth : San Jose del Monte City, Bulacan
Civil Status : Single
Citizenship : Filipino
Religion : Born Again

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:
ELEMENTARY
Name of School : San Quintin Central School
Address : Casantamaria-an, San Quintin, Pangasinan
Year Graduated : 2016
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Name of School : San Quintin High School Educational Foundation,
Incorporated
Address : Rizal St., Poblacion Zone 1, San Quintin, Pangasinan
Year Graduated : 2020
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Name of School : San Quintin High School Educational Foundation,
Incorporated
Address : Rizal St., Poblacion Zone 1, San Quintin, Pangasinan
Year Graduated : 2022
LANZ JORDAN QUINAGON TECSON

Address: Rizal St., Poblacion Zone III, San Quintin,

Pangasinan
Email Address: lanzjordantecson19@gmail.com
Contact Number: +63 915 073 8249

PERSONAL DATA:
Age : 18 years old
Date of Birth : January 19, 2004
Place of Birth : Tayug, Pangasinan
Civil Status : Single
Citizenship : Filipino
Religion : Roman Catholic

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:
ELEMENTARY
Name of School : San Quintin Central School
Address : Casantamaria-an, San Quintin, Pangasinan
Year Graduated : 2016
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Name of School : San Quintin High School Educational Foundation,
Incorporated
Address : Rizal St., Poblacion Zone 1, San Quintin, Pangasinan
Year Graduated : 2020
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Name of School : San Quintin High School Educational Foundation,
Incorporated
Address : Rizal St., Poblacion Zone 1, San Quintin, Pangasinan
Year Graduated : 2022