CABARROGUIS CAMPUS

Cabarroguis, 3400 Quirino www.qsu.edu.ph

qsu.cabarroguis@gmail.com
0917-126-9160
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

Module 3 Patient Assessment

Competencies 1. Know how to assess a patient during emergencies
2. Understand the do’s and don’ts in giving emergency care
Discussions Guidelines in Giving Emergency Care
Getting Started
1. Planning of action
2. Gathering of needed materials
3. Remember the initial response as follows:
A - ask for help
I - intervene
D - do no further harm
4. Instructions to helper/s
Proper information and instruction to a helper/s would provide organized
first aid care

Emergency Action Principles

1. Survey the Scene
Is the scene safe?
What happened?
How many people are injured?
Are there bystanders who can help?
Identify yourself as a trained first aider?
Get consent to give care

2. Activate Emergency Medical Assistance and Transport Facility

• Depending on the situation
• IF A LONE RESCUER
CALL FIRST (Activate Medical Assistance before providing care) If:
- An unconscious adult victim or child 8 years old or older.
- An unconscious infant or child known to be at a high risk for
heart problems.

• IF A LONE RESCUER
CARE FIRST (provide first aid for 1-2 minutes and then call fast) If:
- An unconscious victim less than 8 years old;
- Cardiac Arrest in children known to be at high risk of arrythmias
- Any victim of submersion or near drowning
- Any victim of arrest associated with trauma
- Any victim of drug overdose

Information to be remembered in activating emergency medical

assistance:
- What happened?
- Exact Location?
- Number of persons injured?
- Extent of injury and first aid given
- The telephone number from where you are calling?
- Person who activated medical assistance must identify him/herself
and drop the phone last.
3. Do a Primary Survey

MISSION
Develop competent and morally upright professionals and
generate appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the
needs of Quirino Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.
CABARROGUIS CAMPUS
Cabarroguis, 3400 Quirino www.qsu.edu.ph
qsu.cabarroguis@gmail.com
0917-126-9160
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

• Check for RESPONSIVENESS

A - alert
V - responds to Verbal stimuli
P - responds to Pain stimuli
U - unresponsive

• Check for AIRWAY

Ways in opening the airway

Head Tilt-Chin Lift Maneuver Jaw Thrust Maneuver

• Check for BREATHING

• Check for CIRCULATION
4. Do a Secondary Survey

• Interview the victim

✓ Ask the victim’s name

✓ Ask what happened
✓ Assess the SAMPLE history

SAMPLE history
S SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
A ALLERGIES
M MEDICATIONS
P PAST MEDICAL HISTORY
L LAST ORAL INTAKE
E EVENTS PRIOR TO INJURY

• Check the vital signs

- Determine radial or carotid pulse (pulse rate)

Adult 60 – 90/ minute

Child 80 – 100/ minute

Infant 100 – 120/ minute

• Check the vital signs

- Determine breathing (respiration rate)

MISSION
Develop competent and morally upright professionals and
generate appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the
needs of Quirino Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.
CABARROGUIS CAMPUS
Cabarroguis, 3400 Quirino www.qsu.edu.ph
qsu.cabarroguis@gmail.com
0917-126-9160
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

Adult 12 - 20/minute

Child 18 – 25/minute

Infant 25 – 35/minute

- Determine skin appearance

✓ Look at the victim’s face and lips.
✓ Record skin appearance, temperature, moisture, and color.

• Do head-to-toe examination looking for DCAP-BTLS

DCAP – BTLS
Deformity
Contusion
Abrasion
Puncture
Burn
Tenderness
Laceration
Swelling
• Check and compare pupils of both eyes

a. Dilated pupils - involve bleeding and state of shock

b. Constricted pupils - may mean heat stroke or drug overdose
c. Unequal pupil-may mean head injury or stroke

• Check for fluid or blood in ears, nose and mouth.

• Gently feel the sides of the neck for signs of injury.
• Check and compare both collar bones and shoulders.
• Check the chest and rib cage.
• Check the patient’s abdomen for tenderness by pressing lightly with flat part
of your fingers.
• Check the hipbone by pressing slowly downward and inward for possible
fracture.
• Check one leg at a time.
• Check one arm at a time.
• Check the spinal column by placing the victim into side lying down position
and press gently from the cervical to the lumbar for possible injury.
• Record all the assessments including the time.
• Keep the patient lying down his/her head level with his/her feet.
• Keep the patient warm and guard against chilling.

Golden Rules in Giving Emergency Care

MISSION
Develop competent and morally upright professionals and
generate appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the
needs of Quirino Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.
CABARROGUIS CAMPUS
Cabarroguis, 3400 Quirino www.qsu.edu.ph
qsu.cabarroguis@gmail.com
0917-126-9160
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

What to DO:
 Do obtain consent when possible.
 Do think the worst. It’s best to administer first aid for the gravest
possibility.
 Do remember to identify yourself to the victim.
 Do provide comfort and emotional support.
 Do respect the victim’s modesty and physical privacy.
 Do be calm and as direct as possible.
 Do care for the most serious injuries first.
 Do assist the victim with his or her prescription medication.
 Do keep onlookers away from the injured person.
 Do handle the victim to a minimum.
 Do loosen tight clothing.

What NOT TO DO:

 Do not let the victim see his/her own injury.
 Do not leave the victim alone except to get help.
 Do not assume that the victim’s obvious injuries are the only ones.
 Do not make any unrealistic promises.
 Do not trust the judgment of a confused victim and require them to make
decision.

Initial Triage and Tagging

Triage is a process used in sorting patients/victims into categories of priority for
care and transport based on the severity of injuries and medical emergencies.

Tagging of Patient
Red Tag
Priority one; needs immediate care; life threatening

Yellow Tag
Priority two; needs urgent care; can delay transport and treatment to one
hour

MISSION
Develop competent and morally upright professionals and
generate appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the
needs of Quirino Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.
 CABARROGUIS CAMPUS
Cabarroguis, 3400 Quirino www.qsu.edu.ph
qsu.cabarroguis@gmail.com
0917-126-9160
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

GREEN TAG
Priority three; delayed care; can delay transport up to three hours

BLACK TAG
Priority four; no care required; patient/victim is dead

Cardinal Rule of Triage - To Do Good for the Greatest Number Soft Tissue
Injuries
Enrichment 1. Why is assessing a patient important?
Activities
2. Explain the categories of triage.
3. What is the main goal of primary survey?
4. What is the purpose of secondary assessment?

MISSION
Develop competent and morally upright professionals and
generate appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the
needs of Quirino Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.