Arts 7: Quarter 1 LAS 1

Arts & Crafts of Ilocos and Cordillera Administrative Regions

Name: ____________________________________________________________________
Grade & Section: ____________________________ Date: _______________
I. INTRODUCTORY CONCEPT
Ilocos and Cordillera are among the regions found in the Northern part of
Luzon. Ilocos is known for its Calle Crisologo where we can find the beauty of old
Spanish Houses; it is also known for pottery and other arts & crafts that reflect the
identity of its people. Cordillera Region is the home for the Cordillerans or the Igorots
and is known for the famous rice terraces.
In this lesson, you will learn about the different characteristics of arts and
crafts of Ilocos Region and Cordillera Administrative Region. You will find out how
all of these add to the uniqueness of each tribe/ local group in terms of painting,
sculpture and weaving.

II. LEARNING COMPETENCIES FROM MELCs

• Identify characteristics of arts and crafts in specific areas in Luzon (e.g., papier
maché [taka] from Paete, Ifugao wood sculptures [bul’ul], Cordillera jewelry
and pottery, tattoo, and Ilocos weaving and pottery [burnay], etc.) (A7EL-Ia-2)
• Appreciate the artifacts and art objects in terms of their uses and their
distinct use of art elements and principles. A7PL-Ih-2

III. ACTIVITIES
A. Pre-test
Observe each picture and identify it by writing the letter on the space provided
below.

A B C

1. Paper Cutting __________

D E. 2. Weaving __________
3. Painting __________
4. Sculpture __________
5. Carving __________

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B. Let Us Study

ILOCOS REGION
The Ilocanos are among the largest ethno-linguistic
groups in the country. Majority of them are living in La
Union, Abra, Isabela and in other parts of the country. The
Ilocanos are highly influenced by Christianity. It is evident
with several old Spanish churces found across the region
and the old houses built during the colonial times. The
Paoay Church and the old houses of Vigan are reminders
The Laoag Sinking Bell
of the distant past that continue to lull visitors from local
and international tourists.
Their arts and culture are so diverse. They are
known for their Iloco or Inabel fabric. This special fabric
is made from cotton which undergo the pain-staking
binatbatan or beating of the cotton balls using bamboo
sticks to separate the seeds during the initial stage. The
traditional threads are dyed from the sap of black plum
called sagut that are abundant in Mangaldan in
Pangasinan, but artificial dyes are already introduced for
commercial production. Products from this fabric
The Paoay Church
includes blankets, bags, camisa-chino, bed linens, and
more. This weaving tradition is called Panagabel – the oldest Ilocano tradition that
they have inherited from their ancestors. The main ingredients of this loom weaving
are tilar, sinulid and pasensya (patience).
Ilocanos are also noted for their foods such as the dinengdeng and pakbet –
two of the most loved dishes in the country today.
ARCHITECTURE
Vigan, considered as the “Intramuros of
the North”, retains the Spanish colonial
architecture along its narrow and cobble-stoned
streets known as Calle Crisologo. These old
Spanish-type houses have huge, high-pitched
roofs, large and rectangular living rooms that are
made of adobe, bricks, lime, terracota, hardwood
floors and windows of capiz shells framed in
wooden window panels.
Calle Crisologo
TEXTILE
Inabel is a hand weaving technique of the
Ilocanos that is produced using traditional wooden
looms. The different designs represent different
meanings: the dizzying “Binakol” weave represents
the waves of the sea. They believe that this design
protects them from bad spirits. Inabel Loom Weaving

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 The Inabel designs are inspired by natural
elements: patterns that depict different landforms, the
colors of flowers and vegetation, plaid, zigzags, animal
patterns, the ocean waves, or the glittering night sky.

Inabel Blanket
POTTERY

Burnay is an unglazed earthen jar with small

opening. It is used for storage for water and rice
grains and as container for salt, brown sugar, basi
(local wine) and bagoong (fermented fish).
The potters mix fine gravel, sand and ashes
Burnay and fire the clay to make the Burnay heavy and
sturdy.
The designs are simple, sometimes Burnay curved patterns can be found
around the shoulders of the jar. They also prick the jar with a stick while it is still
soft to make the surface more interesting.

PANGASINAN
Pangasinan is known as the Salt Capital of the
region during the Pre-Hispanic times. Popular stories say it
is a Muslim kingdom trading with Arabs and Chinese and
the land was once ruled by Urduja, a warrior princess who
fought and won many battles during her time. During our
country’s quest for freedom from Spain, it is the venue of
Polaris Revolt. It was believed that on its lush green
vegetation along its seacoasts was where the pirate
Limahong retreated and gained force after his unsuccessful
Princess Urduja
campaign in Manila. The natives helped him escape from the
pursuing Spaniards towards the open sea back to his own
country. The province of Pangasinan is back to his own country. The province of
Pangasinan is the second province of our national hero Dr. Jose P. Rizal where his
childhood love blossomed when he fell in love with his cousin, Leonor Rivera from
Pangasinan.

Weaving

Arts and crafts include the smoothly

woven Bolinao mats made from buri or raffia
leaves, the bamboo crafts of San Carlos,
bagoong and tasty tapang bangus.

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CORDILLERA ADMINISTRATIVE REGION (CAR)

BENGUET
It is located in the Cordillera Autonomous Region
(CAR). It is the
home for the
Cordilleran (the
politically correct
term for Igorots).
Aside from them,
there were Tagalogs, Ibalois, Ilocanos, Kankanaey,
and Ikalahan living in Benguet.

The Igorots are hillside dwellers. This condition explains why most of them are
farmers and their artistic expressions are related to farming such as the Tinalik
baskets made from rattan. They are also famous because of their farming on terraces
carved out of the mountains.

KALINGA
The people of Kalinga are also great weavers. Their cloth weaving
and basketry are among the finest products in the region. Kalinga
textiles are characterized by dominant red stripes and motifs of
geometric patterns as well as nature symbols interlaced with white,
yellow, and black fibers.

Textile
The southern Kalinga women wear the
wraparound skirt or tapis called Kain, which reaches
below the knee. It is worn below the abdomen, and
when they walk, one of the thighs is exposed.
Kain

The northern Kalinga

wears Saya, an ordinary woman’s skirt covering the body
from waist to feet.
Bahag
The colors used in their textile have cultural
meanings; red signifies bravery; black is for soil or land; white is for the flowers of
the coffee trees; yellow for the sand; and green for the mountains.

Basketry

The basketry of the Kalinga shows their fine

craftsmanship. The Labba is a bowl-shaped basket made
from rattan, with sizes that vary from 20 to 150 cm in
diameter.
Labba

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Tattooing
Tattooing is another form of art of the Kalinga.
Because it usually covers the chest and the arms, it may be
considered as clothing and decoration. It also signifies a rite
of passage from youth to adulthood, a mark of heroism, and
bravery and one’s status in the community. The design
consists of geometric patterns and lines.
Wang-Od
Wang-od is the last
“Mambabatok” or traditional Kalinga
tattoo artist. She uses a mixture of charcoal and water that
is tapped onto the skin through a thorn end. The painful
tattoo technique is said to be a thousand years old and can
only be passed on through lineage. It is believed that if someone outside of the
bloodline does the tattoo, it will get infected. In order to preserve the art form, she is
now training some of her relatives to follow her work.

IFUGAO
The term Ifugao means “natives of the Cordillera”
or “people from the hills” that is why non-Cordillerans
called them Igorots but they prefer the first name. Their
arts and culture revolve around rice as a prestigious crop.
Their legends tell that the first grains of rice are given to
men by the gods.

The Ifugaos weave a loincloth called Ikat which is

actually an Indonesian term, meaning to bind together.
Their motif is characterized by diamond stripes of white
and red stripes. The dominant color is blue.

Compared to Kalinga
clothe, Ifugao loincloth are less colorful and
darker in color as opposed to bright colors
and beadaccented clothes of the Kalinga.
Weaving in Ifugao is an exclusive task for
women. At least two women are needed to make the long and
tedious preparation for weaving.
The Ifugaos are
also great basket
weavers. They
have different
types of baskets
depending on
Ifugao Amulets
their use and in Ifugao Amulets

their size. They are also known for amulets called lingling or
dinumug. These are made from jade, gold, copper, bronze, stone and other materials.
These are fertility symbols and worn around the neck.

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Sculpture
The bul’ul is a wooden sculpture that represents the rice
granary spirits. It is used in rituals that are
performed to call the ancestors to protect their
rice fields from pestilence and to ask for an
abundant harvest.
It is a carved-wooden human figure with
simplified forms. These are dipped in the blood
of pigs during a ritual called tunod, which
Bul’ul
means “planting the seedlings in the soil”.
The bul’ul is usually made of narra which signifies wealth, happiness, and
wellbeing to the Ifugao.

MOUNTAIN PROVINCE
It is located in the Cordillera central mountain
and known for its hanging coffins and mummified
bodies. They employed special burial techniques
that could equal the
techniques of
mummification in
ancient Egypt. The humid air and atmosphere in
Mountain Province caves helped preserved the
bodies. These mummies are called fire mummies,
The Kabayan mummies were declared Benguet mummies, Kabayan mummies and many
National cultural Treasure of the
Philippines. In the picture, can you more names. The Province is home to Ibalois.
distinguish the tattoos of the mummy? What
can you say about the tattoos? What do
Close examination of the fire mummies reveals
they symbolize? body tattoos – a form of body art practiced by most of
the cultural communities in the Philippines from Luzon to Visayas and some parts
of Mindanao.

Textiles
The province is also known for their burial
cloth, Kadangyan, woven by female elders.

The people of Bontoc are also skilled weavers.

Kadangyan Cloth
They weave different textiles from blankets to
clothing. Their cloth fabrics are used for blanket and
clothing called siniwsiwan. These fabrics are used for wanes or men’s g-string.
The men’s traditional attire is
called Wanes. The women use a short
and narrow wrap around skirt called
Lufid, which extends from the navel to
the knees and has a side opening. This
fabric is also displayed at home in a
form of blankets.
Lufid
Man wearing
Wanes

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 Married women of Bontoc and Kankanay in the Northern Cordillera wear a
type of belt called ginaspala wanes. These are adorned with inawin designs
composed of continuous zigzag patterns woven in double faced with braided warps
that end as tassels.
The natives of Bontoc create their
textile patterns through the Ikat, a weaving
method. It is a process of tying and dyeing
the threads to prepare the patterns before
they are woven into textile. The Ikat cloth
is an important part of dowry in many
Figures in the lufid (Lto R): eye, man, lizard, star, variation,
cultures. snake, butterfly, shield, spear, and flower.
The motifs of the Bontocs include geometric shapes of humans, lizards,
mountains, rains and flower, and other forms of plants, animals, and landforms
found in their everyday surroundings.

Basketry
In terms of basketry, the Bontocs are known
for their different types of baskets such as the Bobo
and Suklang.

Bobo is a type
bobo
of basket
used to catch fish in the river. Suklang is an
everyday hat used by men for their matches,
suklang tobacco and beetle nut for chewing. Married
men usually wear simple suklang while the decorated ones are for unmarried men.

ABRA
The original settlers of Abra are the ancestors
of Bontocs and Ifugaos. When they left Abra and
settled in the Ifugao and Mountain Province, the
Tinguians and Itnegs dominated the province until
the coming of the Ilocos for trade but later they were
driven up to the mountains.
Itnegs and Tinguians

The Tinguians weave textiles for clothes and blankets. They are noted for their
white textiles with horizontal stripes found in the edges (like those in the bankudo or
wrap-around skirt) or vertical stripes in the center like those found in the balwasi or
female blouse.

The people of Abra used natural dye and still

practicing loom weaving and they embellish the
woven fabric cloth of embroideries in their fabrics.

RO_MAPEH Arts_Grade 7_Q1_LP1

C. Let Us Practice

COMPARE AND CONTRAST

Identify the differences and the common characteristics of the following
textiles based on the designs, purposes and materials used. Write your answer in
the Venn Diagram in a separate sheet.

Ilocos Kalinga Ifugao

ILOCOS KALINGA IFUGAO

Textile from Ilocos

Textile from Kalinga Textile from Ifugao

D. Let Us Practice More

Write at least three characteristics for each picture on the space provided.

_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________

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 _______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________

E. Evaluation

A. Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the answer in your
answer sheet.
1. The _________ designs are inspired by natural elements: patterns that depict
different landforms, the colors of flowers and vegetation, plaid, zigzags, animal
patterns, the ocean waves, or the glittering night sky.
a. Burnay b. Inabel c. Buri d. Inawin
2. _________ is a weaving method. It is a process of tying and dyeing the threads
to prepare the patterns before they are woven into the textile.
a. Inawin b. Inabel c. Ikat d. Tunod
3. _________ is an everyday hat used by men for their matches, tobacco, and
beetle nut for chewing. Married men usually wear simple this while the
decorated ones are for the unmarried men.
a. Bobo b. Lingling c. Ikat d. Suklang
4. _________ is an unglazed earthen jar with small opening. It is used for
storage for water and rice grains and as container for salt, brown sugar, basi
(local wine) and bagoong (fermented fish).
a. Burnay b. Inabel c. Buri d. Inawin
5. The Northern Kalinga wears _________, an ordinary woman’s skirt covering
the body from waist to feet.
a. Saya b. Kain c. Labba d. Dinumog

B. Essay Type:
1. How can the elements and principles of arts and crafts be a symbol of pride to
one’s place?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

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IV. RUBRIC FOR SCORING
Scoring Rubric for Short-Answer Essay Question
Category 4 points 3 points 2 points 1 point
Ideas were Ideas were Ideas were The letter seemed
expressed in a expressed in a clear somewhat to be a collection
clear and manner, but the organized but of unrelated
organized fashion. organization could were not very sentences. It was
Idea

It was easy to have been better. clear. It took more very difficult to
figure out what than one reading figure out what
the idea was to figure out what the idea was
about. the idea was about.
about.
The entire Most of the Some of the No attempt has
explanation is explanation is explanation is been made to
Explanation

related to the related to the related to the relate the

assigned topic assigned topic. The assigned topic, explanation to the
and allows the story wanders off at but a reader does assigned topic.
reader to one point, but the not learn much
understand much reader can still about the topic.
more about the learn something
topic. about the topic.
Source: Music and Arts 7 Learner’s Material, p. 129

V. ANSWER KEY
Pre-test
1. B 2. E 3. A 4. D 5. C
Evaluation
1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. A

Ilocos Textile

Light color are used, patterns

depicting different land forms,
colors of flowers & vegetation,
plaid, zigzags, animal patterns,
ocean waves or the glittering night
sky

Geometric
Designs are inspired
shapes of things
by nature symbols (man, lizard,
rain, flowers)

Uses stripes
Kalinga Textile pattern
Ifugao Textile

Less colorful & darker.

Dominant red color interlaced
Characterized by
with white, yellow, green and
diamond stripes of red &
black
white.
Bead accented

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V. REFLECTION

A. What do you think are the benefits of making arts and crafts to-
SELF
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
COMMUNITY
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

VI. REFERENCES
Books:
Grade 7 Music and Arts Learner’s Manual p145-152; 163-165, 170
Grade 7 Music and Arts Teacher’s Guide p151-158; 169-171; 176-177

Self-Learning Module:
De Castro-Otivar, Rachelle L., & Ma. Lourdes G. Lanuza, “Arts & Crafts of Ilocos
Region & Cordillera Region (CAR).” Self-Learning Module in Arts 7 Quarter 1
Module 1. DepEd Region V.

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RO_MAPEH Arts_Grade 7_Q1_LP1

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Writers
MA. LOURDES G. LANUZA MARICAR G. TAN
MT1, Bulan NHS T III, Bulan NHS
Validators
MA. JESUSA P. EBIO RENATO B. GALLENITO
MT 1, Casiguran TVS HT III, Quezon HS

REGINO F. GARCIA SNOWY CHARLOTE P. VERDE

MT 1, Bulusan HS MT II, Buhang HS
Lay-out Artist
REGINO F. GARCIA
MT1, Bulusan HS

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