UNDERSTANDING

TYPHOON
GRADE -8
2ND GRADING LESSON
PREASSESSMENT :
• What do you commonly experienced during
typhoons?
• We hear weathercasters talk about typhoons,
hurricanes and cyclones – so what’s the
difference?
• What Is a Typhoon and how do they develop?
• How does PAGASA classify typhoons?
 TRUE OR FALSE ACTIVITY

• Typhoons are bigger than cyclones; cyclones are

bigger than hurricanes.
- FALSE
• Hurricanes are stronger than typhoons and cyclones.
-False
• Hurricanes, typhoons and cyclones are the same but
occur in different geographical areas.
- TRUE
DESCRIBE THE PICTURE
 TROPICAL CYCLONE ,
HURRICANE & TYPHOON
➢A tropical cyclone is a generic term used by meteorologists to describe a
rotating, organized system of clouds and thunderstorms that originates over
tropical or subtropical waters and has closed, low-level circulation.
• Tropical depressions - The weakest tropical cyclones

• Typhoons, cyclones and hurricanes are the same weather phenomenon – the
difference is the geographical area where they occur.

• Hurricane - is a cyclone that is located in the North Atlantic Ocean, or the NE

Pacific Ocean east of the International Date Line, or the South Pacific Ocean
east of 160E, and with sustained winds that reach or exceed 74 mph. The Rotation
is clockwise in the southern hemisphere and counterclockwise in the northern
hemisphere.
 TYPHOON
• It is an intense weather system of circulating heavy rain, clouds
characterized by strong wind and develops in the Western part of the North
Pacific Ocean, accompanied with large tsunami- like ocean waves called storm
surges.

• It has many names, SIGWA or Bagyo, SIGWADA, and UNOS or Malakas na Unos.

• The appearance of the clouds in a typhoon are in a spiral arrangement; they are
being blown by winds rotate in clockwise in the southern hemisphere and
counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere
MOVEMENT OF TROPICAL
CYCLONE
 HOW DO TYPHOONS DEVELOP?
• Six Pre-conditions for Typhoons to Form
- Sufficiently warm sea surface temperature.
- Atmospheric instability.
- High humidity in the lower to middle levels of the
troposphere.
- Enough Coriolis effect to develop a rotating low-
pressure center.
- A pre-existing low level focus or disturbance.
- Low vertical wind shear.
 HOW DO TYPHOONS DEVELOP?
• Tropical cyclones need water vapor in order to form.
• Tropical cyclones require warm ocean waters to be able to develop. (26.5oC or
greater).
• Tropical cyclones generally move in a northwest direction.
• When tropical cyclones reach land, they die out because they are cut off from the
warm ocean waters that keep them going.
STRUCTURE OF A TYPHOON
 STRUCTURE OF A TYPHOON
➢ The lowest air pressure is at the eye of a tropical cyclone
➢ At the Eye of a tropical cyclone, wind speed is low.
➢ At the Eyewall, the wind speed is great.
➢ Outer band the rain is weaker but the wind is stronger.
➢ Inner band the rain is harder and the wind is weaker
➢ When the eye of a tropical cyclone passes over a certain place, it is the winds
at the eyewall that wreak a lot of damage.
TROPICAL CYCLONE
CLASSIFICATION
 TYPHOONS IN THE PHILIPPINES
• Where does Philippines located?
-Part of southeastern Asia and affected by southwesterly monsons.
• Monsoon winds - are seasonal winds that blow over the northern part of the
Indian Ocean and flow over most surrounding areas
• Why is the Philippines prone to typhoons?
- There are 5 reasons the “Philippines is So Disaster prone”According to
Article of National Geographic Daily News by Don Vergano – 2013

1. The Philippines has lots of warm ocean water. – The Philippines faces the
western Pacific without much else in the way to take the force of storms before they make
landfall. Warm sea waters that virtually surround all the country’s landmasses and powers
tropical cyclone and its movement.
2. The Philippine rest on the Ring of Fire - Driven by the Pacific's Ocean's crust
diving underneath the continents, the result is earthquakes and tsunamis striking the
Philippines with regularity.
 5 REASONS THE “PHILIPPINES IS SO
DISASTER PRONE’
3. The Philippine has low-lying coasts- Abrupt changes in seabed. L ots
of people died because more than 60 percent of their population
lived on low lying coastal islands in the Philippines, when a typhoon
comes, it rolls over low-lying parts populated islands such as Leyte
4. Filipinos have deforested the mountains and plains – Thick forest also
have the capacity to slow down a typhoon.
5. Philippines has had cases of underdevelopment or poverty –Poor
population shifting to coastal regions coupled with a changing
climate
 WHAT IS PHILIPPINE
AREA OF RESPONSIBILTY
(PAR)
WHAT IS MEANT WHEN
A TYPHOON HAS
ENTERED THE
PHILIPPINE AREA OF
RESPONSIBILITY?
 THE EXACT DIMENSIONS OF THIS DOMAIN ARE
THE AREA OF THE WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC BOUNDED
BY IMAGINARY LINES CONNECTING THE
COORDINATES:
V
 TRACKING TYPHOONS
• Tropical cyclone track forecasting involves predicting where a tropical
cyclone is going to track over the next five days, every 6 to 12 hours. The
history of tropical cyclone track forecasting has evolved from a single-station
approach to a comprehensive approach which uses a variety of
meteorological tools and methods to make predictions.

- What device do we use to track typhoons?

• A typhoon track chart is a map about the location and trajectory of a

typhoon.
LET’S PRACTICE
 PAR
PHILIPPINES AREA OF RESPONSIBILITY
• Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) is an area in the Northwestern
Pacific where PAGASA, the Philippines' national meteorological agency
monitors weather occurrences.
• PAGASA – Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services
Administration. They maintain nationwide monitoring and forecasting network
concentrating on the weather and other climatological which may affect the safety,
welfare, and economy of the country.
QUESTIONS
Q1. If a typhoon is located at 15N,138E, is it within the PAR?

Q2. How about if the typhoon is at 19N, 117E, is it inside the PAR?
 SYMBOLS OF TYPHOON TRACK
• The size of points
CHARTS
• Large : the position of the typhoon each day at 0000 UTC. A number in the circle
represents the "day." The "month" is omitted because it is obvious from the life of
the typhoon.
• Middle : the position of the typhoon each day at 1200 UTC.
• Small : the position of the typhoon every 3 to 6 hours. The position of every 3
hours may be an interpolated one.
• The color of points
• Blue : Tropical Depression (Class 2)
• Green : Tropical Storm (Class 3)
• Yellow : Severe Tropical Storm (Class 4)
• Red : Typhoon (Class 5)
• Magenta : Extratropical Cyclone (Class 6)
• Gray : Hurricane or Tropical Cyclone = typhoons outside the western north
Pacific region (100E - 180E northern hemisphere) (Class 7)
EFFECTS OF TYPHOONS
 PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES BEFORE,
DURING AND AFTER TYPHOON
Before a Typhoon:
• Help your family check and fix your house for any damage (especially the
roofs and windows), so it can withstand the strong winds.
• Remind your family members to stock up an adequate food supply such as
rice, canned goods, and foods that would last even without refrigeration.
• Stock up an adequate supply of drinking water, and water for cleaning or
other purposes.
• Prepare flashlights, batteries for flashlights and radio, candles and kerosene
lamps, or other lighting devices.
• Prepare a first-aid kit.
• Always monitor news about the typhoon, whether on television or radio. If
the power is cut, keep a radio on and tuned in to news.
• Help check and clean your community drainage system and canals to
prevent flood.
• Check your electric posts to prevent accidents. If you notice some
impending danger due to weak electric posts that might fall, report this to
the electric company so they can reinforce it right away.
• Remind family members to cut all branches of trees around your house that
could possibly fall on your house.
• Help check all electrical warnings.
• Teach younger members of your family what to do during a typhoon.
• Pack a bag with clothes, batteries, flashlight, water, canned goods and
other necessities, in case you have to evacuate.
• During a Typhoon:
• Stay calm and be alert.
• Stay indoors. Postpone any plans of travels or errands.
• Monitor the weather reports. Check what is happening around you.
• When local authorities advise you to evacuate, do so. Move family pets and
valuable to a safe place; turn off gas valves, electricity and water, when
safe to do so.
• If you happen to be outdoors when a typhoon comes, (a) stay away from
electric posts and wires; (b) never stand under a lone tree in an open field to
avoid being hit by lightning; (c) never fix your TV antenna during a
thunderstorm; (d) stay away from boats and from bodies of water; and (e)
enter the nearest safe shelter
 After a Typhoon:
• Have a knowledgeable person inspect electrical wiring before using
electrical appliances. It is usually advisable not to use appliances
immediately after a typhoon especially if your house got flooded.
• Check for any damage, including water pipes, and help make necessary
repairs as soon as possible.
• Boil water before drinking it to avoid getting sick.
• Wear slippers, shoes or other footwear, for protection from any sharp or
pointed objects that might have fallen.
• Avoid electrical wires that have fallen.
• Stay away from flood waters. Clean and clear everything damaged by the
typhoon.
• Stay in a safe place with a means of escape.
PUBLIC STORM WARNING SIGNALS
 REFERENCES
• http://infiniteknowledge.expertscolumn.com/article/precautionary-
measures-we-follow-during-and-after-typhoon
• http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/digital-typhoon/help/track.html.en
• https://www.quora.com/What-does-philippine-area-of-responsibility-means
• https://sciencing.com/effects-typhoons-6060279.html