Drept Constitutional 1

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Constitutional }{\fs32 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \
lang1033 \langnp1033 }{\fs32 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch
\af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 Cojanu Maria Monica}{\fs32 \kerning2 \
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rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 RAPORTURILE JURIDICE
DE DREPT CONSTITUTIONAL SI SUBIECTELE ACESTORA. NORME DE DREPT CONSTITUTIONAL.
IZVOARE FORMALE ALE DREPTULUI CONSTITUTIONAL.}{\fs32 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \
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hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\i1 \fs28 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch
\f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \ul1 Raporturile juridice de drept constitutional}{\fs28 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \ul1 \par }\
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kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 Ansamblul
raporturilor juridice de drept constitutional reprezinta obiectul de reglementare
al dreptului constitutional, adica al normelor juridice care formeaza aceasta
ramura de drept in acceptiunea sa de jus.}{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af4
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\sa24 \lisa0 \sl23 \slmult0 \widctlpar \keep0 \keepn0 \aspalpha \aspnum \
af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 Raporturile juridice de drept constitutional
reprezinta acele relatii sociale care apar in procesul de instaurare, mentinere si
exercitare a peterii de stat. Normele ce reglementeaza aceste relatii formeaza
dreptul constitutional.}{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \
loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \fi720 \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \sa24 \
\lang9 \langnp9 Dreptul constitutional este o "teorie despre puterea de stat, care
este organizata si functioneaza pe baza dreptului" Puterea trebuie instaurata, iar
cei care au instaurat-o au interes sa o mentina si sa o exercite. De aceea este
necesarsa se adopte reguli prin care sa se consolidezefactorii care determina
continutul si forma puterii, dar si mentinerea si exercitarea ei in asa fel incat
voita guvernantilor sa se realizeze ca vointa de stat. In procesul de instaurare,
mentinere si exercitare a puterii de stat apar o serie de relatii sociale de o
deosebita importanta care sunt reglementate de normele de drept constitutional.}{\
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Relatiile sociale guvernate de dreptul constitutional iau nastere in procesul de
instaurare, mentinere si exercitare a puterii de stat, ele sunt de doua tipuri:}{\
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\lisa0 \sl23 \slmult0 \widctlpar \keep0 \keepn0 \aspalpha \aspnum \toplinepunct0 \
\lang9 \langnp9 - cu dubla natura juridica}{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \
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af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 -cele specifice acestei ramuri de drept.}{\fs24 \
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rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 Obiectul juridic de
reglementare al dreptului constitutional este format din relatiile sociale care iau
nastere in procesul de instauraresi mentinere a puterii de statsi care privesc
bazele puterii de stat precum si bazele organizarii puterii de stat.}{\fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qc
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\i1 \fs28 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \ul1 Subiectele raporturilor
juridice de drept constitutional}{\fs28 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \
af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \fi720 \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \
af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 Subiectele raporturilor juridice de drept
constitutional sunt oamenii fie individual, fie grupati in organizatii. In dreptul
constitutional intotdeauna unul dintre subiectele raporturilor de drept
constitutional este statul.}{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \
loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \fi720 \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \sa24 \
\lang9 \langnp9 Sunt subiecte ale raporturilor de drept constitutional:}{\fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 1 Poporul - are
calitatea de subiect de drept constitutional pentru ca acesta detine puterea
politica. Poporul isi poate exprima vointa sa politica in mod direct prin
referendum ori in mod indirect prin organele sale alese care sa-l reprezinte.}{\
par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \sa24 \lisa0 \sl23 \slmult0 \widctlpar \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 2 Statul -
are calitatea de subiect al raporturilor juridice de drept constitutional iar in
aceasta calitate apare ori direct asa cum ar fi in raporturile juridice privind
cetatenia, strainii si apatrizii, fie indirect, prin reprezentare de catre
organele statale.}{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \
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af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \
lang9 \langnp9 3 Organele statale- autoritatile publice - aceasta categorie
estereprezentata de organele legiuitoare, precum si de alte autoritati publice ale
statului cu conditia ca raportul juridic la care participa sa fie un raport juridic
exclusiv de drept constitutional.}{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \
af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \sa24 \
\lang9 \langnp9 4 Partidele politice, aliantele politice, alte organizatii - au
calitatea de subiecte ale raporturilor juridice de drept constitutional deoarece
contribuie la exprimarea vointei politice a cetatenilor.}{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \
ri0 \lisb0 \sa24 \lisa0 \sl23 \slmult0 \widctlpar \keep0 \keepn0 \aspalpha \
dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 5 Cetatenii pot dobandi calitatea de
subiecte ale raporturilor juridice de drept constitutional, fie ca persoane
investite cu anumite functii sau demnitati (Avocatul poporului, senatori), fie
grupati in in circumscriptii electorale, dar si intr-un numar de minim 10000 de
cetateni cu drept de vot, in cazul initiativei legislative si intr-un numar minim
500000 de cetateni cu drept de vot in cazul initiativei de revizuire a Constitutiei
Romaniei}{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \
langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \sa24 \lisa0 \sl23 \slmult0 \
fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 6
Cetatenii straini si apatrizii - pot dobandi calitatea de subiecte ale raporturilor
juridice de drept constitutional in cazul in care intra in raporturi juridice cu
statul (acordarea cetateniei romane, acordarea de azil politic)}{\fs24 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 .}{\fs24 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \sa24 \lisa0 \sl23 \slmult0 \widctlpar \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
par }\pard \plain \qj \fi720 \cufi0 \li1440 \culi0 \ri0 \lisb0 \sa24 \lisa0 \sl23 \
af0 \loch \af0 {\i1 \fs28 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \
lang9 \langnp9 \ul1 No}{\i1 \fs28 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \
loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \ul1 rmele juridice de drept constitutional}{\fs28 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \ul1 }{\
fs28 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \ul1 \
par }\pard \plain \qj \fi720 \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \sa24 \lisa0 \sl23 \slmult0 \
fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9
Normele juridice de drept constitutional sunt acele reguli care legifereaza
conduita oamenilor in relatiile care apar in procesul de instaurare, mentinere si
exercitare a puterii in stat. Toate normele juridice din constitutie sunt norme
juridice de drept constitutional deoarece ele consfintesc si intaresc esenta
statului de drept.}{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \
lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \fi720 \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \sa24 \lisa0 \sl23 \
lang9 \langnp9 Normele de drept constitutional, ca orice alta masura juridica, au o
structura tehnico-juridica si o structura logico-formala. In structura logico-
formala intalnim un specific de drept constitutional si anume ca sanctiunea nu este
la fel de fatisa ca in cazul altor norme juridice, ea avand un specific aparte.
Trasaturile specifice sanctiunii normei de drept constitutional ar putea fi
existenta unei singure sanctiuni pentru mai multe norme, raportarea ei la intregul
sistem de drept.}{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4
\lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \fi720 \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \sa24 \lisa0 \
sl23 \slmult0 \widctlpar \keep0 \keepn0 \aspalpha \aspnum \toplinepunct0 \faauto \
lang9 \langnp9 Normele de drept constitutional se clasifica in:}{\fs24 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj
dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 - norme cu aplicare mijlocita (de
emitere a unei legi)}{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4
\lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \sa24 \lisa0 \sl23 \slmult0
fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 -
norme cu aplicare nemijlocita (principiul egalitatii)}{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \
\dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\i1 \fs28 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af4 \
hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \ul1 Izvoare formale ale dreptului
constitutional roman}{\fs28 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4
\lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \fi720 \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \sa24 \lisa0 \sl23 \
lang9 \langnp9 Dreptul constituie un sistem de norme care sunt cuprinse in anumite
acte juridice, iau o anumita forma, denumita izvor de drept.}{\fs24 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj
\fi720 \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \sa24 \lisa0 \sl23 \slmult0 \widctlpar \keep0 \keepn0 \
aspalpha \aspnum \toplinepunct0 \faauto \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 Termenul de izor de drept are
doua acceptiuni:}{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \
lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \sa24 \lisa0 \sl23 \
lang9 \langnp9 - Izvor de drept in sens material -se are in vedere activitatea
organului de stat emitent al actului normativ prin care unei reguli sociale i s-a
recomandat caracter de regula de drept.}{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af4 \
hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \sa24 \
\lang9 \langnp9 - Izvor de drept in sens formal - se are in vedere conditiile de
foema, adica forma pe care o imbraca norma juridica.}{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch
\dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \fi720 \
li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \sa24 \lisa0 \sl23 \slmult0 \widctlpar \keep0 \keepn0 \aspalpha \
dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 Cele mai importante izvoare de drept
constitutional sunt:}{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4
\lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \sa24 \lisa0 \sl23 \slmult0
fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 1.
Constitutia -principalul izvor de drept constitutional care cuprinde numai norme
juridice de drept constitutional.}{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \
\lang9 \langnp9 2. Legile constitutionale -sunt legi de revizuire ale Constitutiei,
adica acele legi care modifica sau completeaza Constitutia.}{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \
li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \sa24 \lisa0 \sl23 \slmult0 \widctlpar \keep0 \keepn0 \aspalpha \
dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 3. Legea - act juridic al
Parlamentului, este izvor de drept constitutional numai cu indeplinirea conditiei
de a reglementa relatiile sociale fundamentale care apar in exercitarea puterii
politice.}{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \
langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \sa24 \lisa0 \sl23 \slmult0 \
fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 4.
Regulamentele Parlamentului - cele doua Regulamente de organizare si functionare
ale Camerei Deputatilor si Senatului, precum si regulamentul sedintelor comune ale
celor doua camere sunt emise de principala autoritate reprezentativa a statului si
reglementeaza relatiile sociale fundamentale ce apar in procesul instaurarii,
mentinerii si exercitarii peterii.}{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af4 \
hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \sa24 \
\lang9 \langnp9 5. Ordonantele Guvernului- numai in domenii care nu fac obiectul de
reglementare a legilor organice.}{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \
\lang9 \langnp9 6. Tratatul international -este izvor de drept constitutional numai
in cazul in care este ratificat de statul roman conform dispozitiilor legale si
numai daca acesta cuprind reglementari ale relatiilor sociale din categoria
dreptului constitutional.}{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \
loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \fi720 \cufi0 \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \
\dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\i1 \fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af4 \
hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 In concluzie, dreptul constitutional
reglementeaza cele mai importante relatii sociale, cele fundamentale care apar in
procesul de instaurare, mentinere si exercitare a puterii iar de aici se extrage si
valoarea deosebita a formelor juridice prin care vointa guvernantilor devine drept
si care reglementeaza aceste relatii sociale specifice. Raporturile juridice de
drept constitutional sunt acele relatii sociale care apar in procesul de
instaurare, mentinere si exercitare a puterii de stat. Activitatea de exercitare a
puterii de stat se realizeaza de catre parlament. Subiectele raporturilor juridice
de drept constitutional sunt numai oamenii, fie individual, fie grupati in
organizatii si statul. Normele de drept constitutional sunt acele reguli care
legifereaza conduita oamenilor in relatiile sociale care apar in proccesul de
instaurare, mentinere si exercitare a puterii de stat.Cele mai importante izvoare
de drept constitutional sunt Constitutia, legile de modificare a Constitutiei,
legea ca act juridic al Parlamentului, ordonantele Guvernului, tratatul
international daca este ratificat de statul roman si daca cuprinde reglementari
ale relatiilor sociale din categoria dreptului constitutional.}{\i1 \fs24 \kerning2
\rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \
qj \fi720 \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \sa24 \lisa0 \sl23 \slmult0 \widctlpar \keep0 \keepn0 \
aspalpha \aspnum \toplinepunct0 \faauto \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2
\rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \fi720 \li0 \
dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \fi720 \li0 \
af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qc \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \sa24 \
\lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qc \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \sa24 \lisa0 \sl23 \slmult0
par }\pard \plain \qc \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \sa24 \lisa0 \sl23 \slmult0 \widctlpar \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }}

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