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Basic Bylaw Modified For Traditional Settlements
Basic Bylaw Modified For Traditional Settlements
g]kfn ;/sf/
;x/L ljsf; dGqfno
l;+xb/af/, sf7df8f}+
c;f]h, @)&@
k|yd ;+zf]wg M efb|, @)&#
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1. k|f/lDes ..........................................................................................
2. kfl/eflifs zAbx? ...............................................................................
3. s]G›Lo ;x/L of]hgf tyf ejg lgdf{0f dfkb08 ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf ;'k/Lj]If0f ;ldlt ....
4. ejg lgdf{0f dfkb08 sfof{Gjogfy{ cfjZos Go"gtd hgzlQm Joj:yfkg ............
5. ejgsf] 9fFrf tof/ ug{ / lgdf{0f ;'/kl/j]If0f ;DaGwL Joj:yfx? .......................
6. ;8ssf] If]qflwsf/ leq ag]sf u}/ sfg"gL ;+/rgfx? x6fpg] ............................
7. v'Nnf If]q ;DaGwL Joj:yf ....................................................................
8. k"j{ lgld{t ejg lgoldt ug{ ;Sg] .........................................................
9. ejg lgdf{0f:yndf lgdf{0f cg'dltkq /fVg'kg]{M .............................................
10. ejg lgdf{0f ;DaGwL gd"gf dfkb08sf cfwf/df lgdf{0f cg'dlt lbg' kg]{ ...........
11. e"-pkof]u of]hgf sfof{Gjog ;DjGwL Joj:yf ...................................
12. ;fj{hlgs hldg / ;8ssf] ;Ldf 36\g] u/L xfn;fljs ug{ aGb]h ................
!#= of]hgf tyf ejg lgdf{0f ;DaGwL cfwf/e"t lgdf{0f dfkb08x? ....................
14. ;'/lIft j:tL ljsf;sf nflu cfjZos gd\{; / :6]088M .................................
!$s= ;Dkbf j:tLdf ul/g] lgdf{0f ;DaGwL ljz]if k|fjwfg............................
15. afwf c8rg km'sfpg]M ......................................................
16. ljljw............................................................................................
17. dfkb08 th'{df u/L nfu" ug{ ;Sg] ..........................................................
a:tL ljsf;, ;x/L of]hgf tyf ejg lgdf{0f ;DaGwL cfwf/e"t
lgdf{0f dfkb08, @)&@
!= k|f/lDesM
@)&@ j}zfv !@ ut] uPsf] ljgfzsf/L e"sDkaf6 hgwgsf] ck"/0fLo Iflt ePsf] 5 . e"sDkn] b]zsf
clwsf+z lhNnfx?nfO{ k|efljt u/]sf] eP klg sf7df08f}+ nufot !$ kxf8L lhNnfx? o;af6 a9L k|efljt
ePsf 5g\ . cfjf;Lo, z}lIfs, :jf:Yo, Jofkfl/s tyf sfof{no ejgx?; a:tLx?, vfg]kfgL, af6f] h:tf ef}lts
;+/rgfx? / ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s ;DjGwsf cfwf/x? ;d]t Ifltu|:t ePsf 5g\. b]zsf s]xL :yfgLo
lgsfox?df :jLs[t ejg lgdf{0f dfkb08 nfu" ePsf] cj:yf eP klg w]/}h;f] :yfgLo lgsfox?df ;f] cj:yf
g/x]sfn] clgolGqt / c;'/lIft a:tLx? a9b} uO/x]sf 5g\ . o:tf] clgolGqt ljsf;nfO{ Pp6f ;sf/fTds
lbzf tk{m 8f]¥ofpg'' cfjZos eO;s]sf] 5 . o;y{, gu/ ljsf; P]g @)$% sf] bkmf @# / sf7df08f+} pkTosf
ljsf; k|flws/0f P]g @)$% sf] bkmf @^ n] ef}lts of]hgf sfof{Gjog ug{ lgb]{zg lbg] / g]kfn ;/sf/ -sfo{
ljefhg_ lgodfjnL @)^( sf] cg';"rL-@, v08 @# sf] a"Fbfx? @ / $ n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L ;'/lIft
Pj+ e"sDk k|lt/f]wfTds j;f]jf;, ef}lts of]hgfsf] th{'df tyf sfof{Gjog, / ejg P]g @)%% n] tf]s]sf s,
v, u / 3 ju{sf ejgx? lgdf{0f ug{ u/fpgsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] of] a:tL ljsf;, ;x/L of]hgf tyf
ejg lgdf{0f ;DjGwL cfwf/e"t lgdf{0f dfkb08, @)&@ nfu" u/]sf] 5 . xfn dfkb08 nfu' ul//x]sf :yfgLo
lgsfox?n] o; cfwf/e"t lgdf{0f dfkb08 ljkl/t gx'g] u/L cfˆgf dfkb08 kl/jt{g u/L nfu" ug]{5g\ . t/,
cfkm'n] nfu' ul//x]sf] dfkb08sf k|fjwfgx? o; cfwf/e"t lgdf{0f dfkb08df Joj:yf ul/Psf k|fjwfgx? eGbf
;;Qm ePsf] cj:yfdf cfkm'n] nfu" ul//x]sf] dfkb08 cg';f/ g} ug]{5g\ .
pbfx/0ffy{M hUuf vl08s/0f u/L ljs|L-ljt/0f ug{ k|:tfljt ef}lts of]hgfnfO{ :jLs[lt lbg s'g} :yfgLo
lgsfon] xfn nfu" ul//x]sf] dfkb08df Go"gtd v'Nnf If]q *) ju{ld6/ eGbf a9L x'g'kg]{ jf ef}lts of]hgf
If]qsf] %% eGbf a9L x'g'kg]{ Joa:yf u/]sf] eP o; cfwf/e"t lgdf{0f dfkb08sf] a+"bf g+= !#=^=% cg';f/ geO{
:yfgLo lgsfon] nfu" ul//x]sf] dfkb08 cg';f/ g} ef}lts of]hgfnfO{ :jLs[lt lbg]5g\ .
@= kfl/eflifs zJbx?M
cfwf/e"t lgdf{0f dfkb08M gu/ ljsf; P]g @)$%, ejg P]g @)%% / ejg ;+lxtf @)^) cg'?ksf
Joj:yfx?nfO{ sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg tof/ ul/Psf] o; a:tL ljsf;, ;x/L of]hgf tyf ejg lgdf{0f ;DaGwL
cfwf/e"t lgdf{0f dfkb08, @)&@ nfO{ hgfpFb5 .
hUuf pkof]u k|ltzt -Ground Coverage_M eGgfn] ejgsf] e"FO{ tnfsf] If]qkmn / ejg aGg] hUuf jf
38]/Lsf] If]qkmnsf] cg'kftnfO{ !)) n] u'0ff ubf{ x'gcfpg] k|ltztnfO{ hgfpFb5 .
e'OF{ If]qsf] cg'kft -FAR: Floor Area Ratio_M eGgfn] ejgsf] ;Dk"0f{ tnfx?df lgld{t If]qkmnsf]
of]ukmnnfO{ ejg aGg] hUuf jf 38]/L sf] If]qkmnn] efu u/]/ cfPsf] efukmnnfO{ hgfpFb5 .
;8ssf] clwsf/ If]q -Right of Way_M eGgfn] P]g, lgod tyf :jLs[t dfkb08n] tf]s]sf] ;8ssf] rf}8fOnfO{
hgfpFb5 .
;]6Jofs -Set Back_M eGgfn] cfk'mn] cfˆgf] hUufdf ejg jgfpFbf ;fFwl;dfgf, ;fj{hlgs ;DklQ / ;8s
clwsf/ If]qjf6 5f8\g' kg]{ Go"gtd b'/LnfO{ hgfpFb5 .
ls/0f ;tx -Light Plane_M eGgfn] ;]6Jofs /]vf dfyL ;8ssf] clwsf/ If]q / b'j} tk{msf]] ;]6Jofs hf]8bf
x'gcfpg] of]ukmnsf] b'O{ u'0ff prfO{jf6 ;8ssf] csf]{ tk{msf] ;]6Jofs /]vf hf]8g] sfNklgs ;txnfO{
hgfpFb5 .
v'Nnf If]q -Open Space_M eGgfn] a:tL ljsf; If]qdf hldg leq cTofjZos ;fj{hlgs k"jf{wf/ ;]jf lj:tf/
ug{ jfx]s s'g} ef}lts ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ug{ lgMz]w ul/Psf] If]qnfO{ hgfpFb5 .
6fFl;Psf] ejg (Attached Building_M eGgfn] hUufsf] ;fFw;Ldfgfdf 6fF;]/ agfpg k|:tfj ul/Psf] jf
agfPsf] ejgnfO{ hgfpFb5 .
hf]l8Psf] ejg (Joined Building_M eGgfn] j]Uufj]Un} :jfleTj ePsf] Ps cfk;df ef/jxg c+ux? ;+o'Qm
?kdf lgdf{0f ePsf] ejgx?nfO{ hgfpFb5 .
cf+lzs lgdf{0f ;DkGgM eGgfn] pkof]u ug{ ldNg] u/L Go"gtd ! tnf lgdf{{0f ePsf] ejgnfO{ hgfpFb5 .
gu/kflnsfM o; dfkb08sf] k|of]hgsf nflu gu/kflnsf eGgfn] dxfgu/kflnsf, pk-dxfgu/kflnsf
;d]tnfO{ hgfpFb5 .
:yfgLo lgsfoM o; cfwf/e"t lgdf0f{ dfkb08sf] k|of]hgsf nflu :yfgLo lgsfo eGgfn] gu/kflnsf, pk-
dxfgu/kflnsf, dxfgu/kflnsf / ufpFkflnsf / ;a}nfO{ hgfpFb5 .
;x/L ljsf; sfof{noM eGgfn] ;DjlGwt lhNnf x]g]{ ;x/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f ljefu, l8lehg
sfof{nonfO{ hgfpFb5 .
k|fljlws ;ldltM eGgfn] :yfgLo lgsfosf k|d'vsf] ;+of]hsTjdf lghn] tf]s]sf] OlGhlgo/, ;x/L ljsf; tyf
ejg lgdf{0f ljefu / lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nosf] k|ltlglw, gfkL clws[t tyf cfdlGqt ljz]if1x? ;lxtsf]
;ldltnfO{ hgfpFb5 .
lgolGqt ef}lts of]hgf (Secured Physical Plan)M eGgfn] lgolGqt ?kdf dfq k|of]u x'g], ;fFwl;dfgfnfO{
kvf{n nufP/ ;'/lIft ul/Psf] ef}lts of]hgfnfO{ hgfpFb5 .
;fj{hlgs ef}lts of]hgf (Public Physical Plan)M eGgfn] s]xL :jfldTjstf{x?n] cfˆgf] nufgLdf ljsf;
u/]sf] t/ ltgsf ;8s, v'Nnf If]q cflb ;fj{hlgs k|of]usf] nflu ;d]t v'Nnf ul/Psf] ef}lts of]hgfnfO{
hgfpFb5 .
jftfj/0f d}qL :yfgLo zf;gsf] k|f?kM eGgfn] g]kfn ;/sf/n] @)&).^.@# df :jLs[t u/]sf] jftfj/0f d}qL
:yfgLo zf;g k|f?k, @)&) -Environment Friendly Local Governance Framework, 2013_ nfO{
hgfpFb5 .
s ju{sf ejgM eGgfn] ejg P]g @)%% sf] bkmf * -s_ cg';f/sf] cTofw'lgs k|ljlw ckgfO{ lgdf{0f x'g] jf
ePsf ejgx?nfO{ hgfpFb5 .
v ju{sf ejgM eGgfn] ejg P]g @)%% sf] bkmf * -v_ cg';f/sf] e"FO tnfsf] If]qkmn !))) ju{ lkm6 eGbf
a9L, # tnf eGbf cUnf jf Structural Span $=% ld6/ eGbf a9L ePsf ejgx?nfO{ hgfpFb5 .
u ju{sf ejgM eGgfn] ejg P]g @)%% sf] bkmf * -u_ cg';f/sf] e"FO tnfsf] If]qkmn !))) ju{ lkm6 ;Dd /
prfO{ # tnf ;Dd jf Structural Span $=% ld6/ eGbf sd ePsf ejgx?nfO{ hgfpFb5 .
3 ju{sf ejgM eGgfn] ejg P]g @)%% sf] bkmf * -3_ cg';f/sf] s, v, / u ju{df gk/]sf O+{6f, 9"+uf, df6f],
afF;, v/, cflb k|of]u u/L lgdf{0f ePsf] clwstd b'O{ tn] ejgnfO{ hgfpFb5 .
df6f] k/LIf0fM eGgfn] ;x/L ljsf; dGqfnon] hf/L u/]sf] 'df6f] k/LIf0f lgb]{lzsf' n] tf]s]sf] kl/If0f
k|s[of/ljlwnfO{ hgfpFb5 .
cfwf/e"t ;fj{hlgs k"jf{wf/ ;]jfx?M eGgfn] ;8s, 9n, vfg]kfgL, ljh'nL cflbnfO{ hgfpFb5 .
;Dj]bgzLn If]qM eGgfn] /fi6«ktL lgjf; nufot ;x/L ljsf; dGqfnon] tf]s]sf] cGo If]qx?nfO{ hgfp+b5 .
;+:yfut ejgM eGgfn] ljBfno, pRr ljBfno, c:ktfn, ;/sf/L, lglh tyf klJns lnld6]8sf sfof{no ejg
cflbnfO{ hgfpFb5 .
;ef-;Dd]ng ejgM eGgfn] dflg;x? hd36 x'g]u}/ cfjf;Lo k|of]hgsfl;g]df xn, ;+o'Qm/ljzfn ahf/,
dlN6Nk]S;, tf/] xf]6n cflbnfO{ hgfpFb5 .
;fj{hlgs ejgM eGgfn] ;+:yfut ejg, ;ef-;Dd]ngejg nufot ;efxn, ;fF:s[lts ;df/f]x tyf ef]het]/
:yn, cflbnfO{ hgfpFb5 .
Jofkfl/s ejgM eGgfn] tNnf] tnf Jofkfl/s k|of]hgdf /x]sf] / dflyNnf] tnf cfjf;Lo k|of]hgdf /x]sf]
ejgnfO{ hgfpFb5 .
ejg PsLs/0f -House Pooling_M eGgfn] Psn :jfldTjsf 5'§f–5'§} k'/fgf ejgx?nfO{ eTsfP/ gofF aGg]
ax':jfldTjsf] Pp6} ejgnfO{ hgfpFb5 .
cfls{6]S6/OlGhlgo/M eGgfn] g]kfn OlGhlgol/Ë kl/ifb\df btf{ eO{ OlGhlgol/Ë Joj;fo ug]{ cg'dlt k|fKt
ljz]if1nfO{ hgfpFb5 .
;Dkbf j:tL M eGgfn] o; dfkb08sf] bkmf !$s= sf] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] u/L bkmf !$s=# adf]lhd ;"rLs[t
ul/Psf] j:tL ;+emg' kb{5 .
#= s]G›Lo ;x/L of]hgf tyf ejg lgdf{0f dfkb08 ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf ;'k/Lj]If0f ;ldltM
-s_ a:tL ljsf;, ;x/L of]hgf tyf ejg lgdf{0f dfkb08sf] sfof{Gjog Pj+ ;'k/Lj]If0f sf] lgoldt ;dLIff
tyf :yfgLo lgsfonfO{ cfjZos ;xhLs/0f Pj+ k[i7kf]if0fsf] lgldQ b]xfosf] Ps ;ldlt /xg]5 . o;
;ldltn] k|rlnt sfg"gsf] kl/lw leq /xL cfˆgf] sfo{ljlw cfkm}+ lgwf{/0f ug]{]5 . ;ldltsf] lgoldt sfo{
ug{ ;x/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f ljefun] o; ;DaGwL ;lrjfnosf] sfd ug]{5 .
!= ;+of]hs M ;lrj, ;x/L ljsf; dGqfno
@= ;b:o M ;x–;lrj, k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no
#= ;b:o M ;x–;lrj, /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf] ;lrjfno
$= ;b:o M ;x–;lrj, u[x dGqfno
%= ;b:o M ;x–;lrj , e"ld ;"wf/ tyf Joj:yf dGqfno
^= ;b:o M ;x–;lrj, ef}lts k"jf{wf/ tyf oftfoft dGqfno
&= ;b:o M ;x–;lrj, k"jf{wf/ ljsf; dxfzfvf, ;ª3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno
*= ;b:o M ;x–;lrj, gu/kflnsf tyf jftfj/0f Joj:yf dxfzfvf, ;ª3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo
ljsf; dGqfno
(= ;b:o M ;x–;lrj, ;x/L ljsf; dGqfno, ef}lts of]hgf tyf ;x/L ljsf; dxfzfvf
!)= ;b:o M ljsf; cfo'Qm, sf7df8f}+ pkTosf ljsf; k|flws/0f
!!= ;b:o M dxflgb]{zs, vfgL tyf e"ue{ ljefu
!@= ;b:o M dxflgb]{zs, gfkL ljefu
!#= ;b:o M dxflgb]{zs, k'/ftTj laefu
!$= ;b:o M dxflgb]{zs, ;x/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f laefu
!%= ;b:o M sfo{sf/L clws[t, sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf
!^= ;b:o ;lrjM pk–dxflgb]{zs -;x/L_, ;x/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f laefu
-v_ o; ;ldltn] cfjZostf cg';f/ cfˆgf] a}7sdf ljz]if1x?nfO{ cfdGq0f ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-u_ o; ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M
c= a:tL ljsf;, ;x/L of]hgf tyf ejg lgdf{0f dfkb08 sfof{Gjogsf ;DaGwdf cg'udg ug{'sf
;fy} :yfgLo lgsfox?nfO{ gLltut dfu{bz{g k|bfg ug]{ .
cf= :yfgLo lgsfosf] kl/ifb\af6 kfl/t ;x/L of]hgf tyf ejg lgdf{0f dfkb08sf] ljlgodfjnL
;DaGwdf cfjZos k|fljlws k[i7kf]if0f k|bfg ug]{ .
O= ;x/L of]hgf, ejg lgdf{0f dfkb08 P+j ejg ;+lxtf sfof{Gjog ;DaGwdf cfjZos ;"rgf tyf
z}lIfs ;fdfu|Lx?sf] u'0f:t/ ;'lglZrt ug]{ .
O{= ;x/L of]hgf / ejg lgdf{0f dfkb08sf] sfof{Gjogsf] lgldQ :yfgLo lgsfosf] Ifdtf ljsf;
sfo{qmdx? th{'df ug{ ;xof]u ug]{ .
p bkmf !$s= # adf]lhd ;Dkbf j:tL ;"rLs[t ug]{ .
!)= ejg lgdf{0f ;DaGwL gd"gf dfkb08sf cfwf/df lgdf{0f cg'dlt lbg' kg]{M
of] dfkb08 eGbf Go"g dfkb08 nfu" u/]sf :yfgLo lgsfox?n] o; dfkb08df pNn]v ePsf] ljifodf o;}
adf]lhd / o;df pNn]v gePsf]df ;x/L ljsf; dGqfnojf6 tof/ ul/Psf] æejg lgdf{0fsf] gd"gf dfkb08,
@)&!Æ sf] cfwf/df dfkb08 agfO{ cfˆgf] kl/ifb\af6 ^ dlxgf leq cg'df]bg u/fO{ sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg] 5g\ .
sf7df8f+} pkTosf leqsf :yfgLo lgsfox?n] o; dfkb08df pNn]v ePsf]df afx]s cGo ljifodf æsf7df8f}
pkTosf leqsf gu/kflnsf / gu/f]Gd'v uflj;df ul/g] lgdf{0f ;DaGwL dfkb08, @)^$Æ sf k|fjwfg cg';f/
dfkb08 kl/ifb\af6 ^ dlxgf leq cg'df]bg u/fO sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg] 5g\ .
!@= ;fj{hlgs hdLg / ;8ssf] ;Ldf 36\g] u/L xfn;fljs ug{ aGb]hM
;fj{hlgs, P]nfgL, klt{, gbL, gfnf, /fhs'nf], af6f], rf}tf/f, rf]s / jgIf]q cflb tyf cGo k/Dk/fut v'Nnf
If]q Pj+ ;/sf/L hdLgsf] ;fljssf] If]qkmn / ;8ssf] ;fljssf] rf}8fO{ 36g] u/L lghL hUufx?sf] xfn;fljs
ul/g]] 5}g . o;f] ul/Pdf ;f]jf6 x'g cfpg]] gf]S;fgL o;df ;+nUg kbflwsf/Laf6 sfg"g adf]lhd sf/jfxL
;lxt ;/sf/L afFsL ;/x c;"n pk/ ul/g]5 .
-5_ k5f8Lsf] v'nf efu –k5fl8kl§ v'nf efusf] ;fnfvfnf rf}8fO{ !=% dL= x'g'kg]{5 / s'g} klg
7fp+sf] rf}8fO{ () ;]=ld= eGbf sd x'g' x'Fb}g .
-h_ ;fO8sf] v'nf efu – s'g} klg Ps cfk;df ;Da4 (Semi-detached) / c;Da4 (Detached)
ejg jf lgdf{0fdf lgDg cg';f/sf] v'nf efu x'g'kg]{5 M
c_ c;Da4 ejg jf lgdf{0fsf] b'j}tkm{ slDtdf klg !=% dL=
cf_ Ps cfk;df ;Da4 ejg jf lgdf{0fsf] Pstkm{ slDtdf klg !=% dL=
O_ k+lQma4 lsl;dsf ejg jf lgdf{0fdf ;fO8tkm{ v'nfefu cfjZos kg]{ 5}g .
-em_ leqL rf]s – s'g} klg sf]7fsf] s'g} Pp6f ;fO8sf] em\ofn -afy?d, zf}rfno, :6f]/ afx]s_
s'g} klg v'nf efutkm{ gePsf] v08df To:tf] em\ofn sDtLdf klg # dL= rf}8fO{ ePsf]
leqL rf]stkm{ hf]l8Psf] x'g'kg]{5 . k"/} prfO{;Dd leqL rf]ssf] If]qkmn rf]s glhssf]
uf/f]sf] prfO{sf] kfFr efusf] Ps efu -!÷%_ sf] ju{ (Square)eGbf sd x'g' x'Fb}g .
zf}rfno dfq leqL rf]s;+u hf]l8Psf] cj:yfdf leqL rf]ssf] ;fOh Go"gtd @ ju{ dL6/
x'g' kg]{5 .
-`_ ;8s clwsf/ If]q M ;Dkbf j:tLleqsf ;8s / af6f]x?sf] clwsf/ If]q j:tLsf] ;fljs
kbrfk cg'?k x'g] u/L sfod ul/g]5 . d"n ;8s jf rf]stkm{ ;fljs adf]lhd g}
ejgx?sf] nx/ sfod ug'{ kg]{5 .
-6_ lKnGy – d'Vo ejgsf] ;fO8df kof{Kt dfqfdf 9n lgsf;sf] ;'ljwf x'g] u/L hldgsf] ;tx
eGbf ejgsf] lKnGysf] ;tx slDtdf cf;Gg ejg, ;8ssf] ;tx / gbL lsgf/sf] ejg
eP af9Lsf] ;Defljt pRrtd ;tx ;d]tsf] cfwf/df ;fdfGotof #) b]lv $% ;]=ld= t/
a9Ldf () ;]=ld= x'gkg]{5 . ejgsf] lKnGysf] prfO cf;Gg ejgsf] lKnGy a/fa/ g}
x'g'kg]{5 . bfof+afof+ /x]sf cf;Gg ejgsf] lKnGysf] prfO km/s ePdf cf};t prfO sfod
ug'{kg]{5 .
-7_ k]6L – ;fj{hlgs hUuf jf ;8sdf gkg]{ u/L cfk\mgf] hUufdf l5d]sLsf] 3/;+u ldNg] u/L
#) b]lv $% ;]=ld= prfO / a9Ldf &% ;]=ld= rf}8fO ePsf] k]6L agfpg ;lsg]5 . le/fnf]
af6f]df k]6Lsf] prfO ln+bf k]6Lsf] dWoljGb'af6 gflkg]5 . ;fljs k]6L pk/f]Qm prfO /
rf}8fO eGbf a9L eP ;f]sf] prfO eGbf ga9\g] u/L dfq lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{5 .;8s clwsf/
If]qdf kg]{ u/L v'8lsnf ¥ofDk cflb ;d]t /fVg lbOg] 5}g .
-8_ ;+/rgf – e"sDkLo ;'/Iff ;d]tnfO{ b[li6ut u/L ejgsf] ;+/rgf lgDgdWo] s'g} Ps jf
:6«Sr/n OlGhlgo/n] ;'/lIft 5 egL k|dfl0ft ul/lbPsf] cGo s'g} ;+/rgf x'g ;Sg]5 M
c_ leqkl§ sf7sf] k|m]d /xg] u/L k/Dk/fut ?kdf df6f]sf] hf]8fO{df ef/jxg ug]{
uf/f](Load Bearing Masonry)
cf_ leqkl§ s+lqm6sf] 7f8f] t];f]{ kl§x? k|of]u u/L l;d]G6 hf]8fO{df ef/jxg ug]{ uf/f]
(Confined Load Bearing Masonry)
O_ :6Ln jf s+lqm6sf] k|m]d ;+/rgf (Steel or RCC frame) – k|m]d ;+/rgfnfO{ st}klg s+lqm6
jf :6Ln gb]lvg] u/L :yfgLo O+6f jf sf7n] 5f]Kg' kg]{5 tyf k|m]d ;+/rgfnfO{ cw"/f]
5f8\g ;d]t kfOg] 5}g .
-9_ a'O{un– dflg; a:gsf] lgldQ a'O{unnfO{ k|of]u ul/g] ePdf o;df kof{Kt dfqfdf e]lG6n]zg
/ k|sfzsf] Joj:yf ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 / a'O{unsf] prfO{ xf]rf] efudf !=@ dL= / w'/L jf
dflyNnf] efudf @=# dL= eGbf sd x'g' x'Fb}g .
-0f_ e¥ofË– e¥ofËsf] rf}8fO{ nufotsf gfkx? k/Dk/fut ejgdf ePsf] ;fljssf] gfk eGbf
sd x'g] 5}g . Jofkfl/s / ;+:yfut ejgsf] k|To]s tNnfdf k\mnf]/ Pl/of @%) j=ld= eGbf
a9L / Travel distance#) ld= eGbf a9L ePdf yk e¥ofË /fVg' kg]{5 .
-t_ lkmlgl;Ë÷df]x8f M k/Dk/fut ?kdf ejgsf] rf/}lt/sf] aflx/L efusf] uf/f]df k|i6;+u b]lvg]
u/L :yfgLo lrDgL O+6fsf] uf/f] nufpg' kg]{5 . aflx/L uf/f]df ;se/ lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lsf]
k|fs[lts /Ë / Texture b]vfpg' kg]{5, 6nsbf/ jf cGo k|sf/sf] /Ë nufpg kfOg] 5}g
.aflx/L uf/f]df l;d]G6, r'gf cflb /fvL Knfi6/ ug{ kfOg] 5}g . t/ ‰ofn9f]sfsf] lsgf/f,
sfg]{; / jfn lknfi6/df r'gf ;'vL{ Knfi6/ ug{ ;lsg]5 . /f0ffsfnLg z}nLsf 3/x?sf]
dd{t / k'glg{df{0fdf Knfi6/ ug{ ;lsg]5 . aflx/L uf/f]df pko'Qm ;fdu|Lsf] k|of]u u/L
l6Ksf/ (Pointing) ug{ ;lsg]5 . t/ o;f] ubf{ 3/sf] df]x8fnfO{ c;/ gkg]{ u/L / jl/kl/sf
3/x?;+u ;fd~h:o x'g] u/L ug'{kg]{5 .
-y_ SoflG6n]e/÷k|f]h]Szg÷6k – t]>f] tNnfdf cfk\mgf] hUufdf kg]{ u/L 3fd, kfgL 5]Sg] jf
le/fnf] 5fgfsf] kfvf b]vfpg] k|of]hgsf] nflu a9Ldf tLg lkm6 rf}8fO;Ddsf] an];L jf
kfvf lgsfNg :jLs[lt lbg ;lsg]5 .
-b_ ‰ofn9f]sf M
c_ k/Dk/fut g]kfnL z}nL Pj+ cfsf/ k|sf/sf sf7sf] ‰ofn9f]sfx? x'g'kg]{5 / 3/sf] x/]s
tNnfdf /flvg] ‰ofnx? Ps} nfOgdf ldnfO{ /fVg'kb{5 .
cf_ 3/sf] df]x8fdf Openingssf] s'n If]qkmn df]x8fsf] s'n If]qkmnsf] %)Ü ;Dd /fVg
;lsg]5 . Load Bearing Structure df lgdf{0f x'g] ;a} ‰ofn9f]sfx? df]x8fsf] lsgf/faf6
# lkm6 5f]8]/ dfq /fVg' kg]{5 . o;/L # lkm6 g5f]l8Psf] cj:yfdf ‰ofn 9f]sfsf] jl/kl/
aflx/af6 gb]lvg] u/L sf7 jf k|alnt s+lqm6sf] aS; k|m]d lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{5 .
O_ ‰ofn9f]sfsf] rf}8fO / prfO k/Dk/fut g]kfnL z}nL Pj+ cfsf/ k|sf/sf] lahf]/d'vL
x'g'kg]{5 . a'O+undf k/Dk/fut ‰ofnx? /fVg ;lsg]5, e'O{ tNnfdf Psd'v] ‰ofn dfq
/fVg'kg]{5 . cGo lahf]/d'vL ‰ofnsf] xsdf k|lt san @ lkm6 ^ OGrsf b/n] Go"gtd
rf}8fO sfod ug'{kg]{5 . nfDrf] ‰ofn9f]sfsf] rf}8fO / prfOsf] cg'kft !M!=% b]lv !M@
;Dd x'g'kg]{5 . cfFvL ‰ofnsf] xsdf To:tf ‰ofnx? # lkm6 x # lkm6 eGbf 7"nf]
x'g'x'+b}g . ;flas ‰ofn9f]sf / ;f]xL z}nLdf agfOPsf gofF ‰ofn9f]sfsf] k|of]unfO{
cfjZostf cg';f/ k|f]T;flxt ug{ ;lsg]5 .
O{_ 9f]sfsf] vfkfx? sf7sf] x'g'kg]{5, kmnfd] /f]lnË ;6/, u]6 cflb /fVg kfOg] 5}g .
p_ ‰ofndf u|Ln jf hfnL /fVg rfx]df aflx/af6 gb]lvg] u/L ‰ofnsf] vfkfn] 5f]lkg] u/L
agfpg' kg]{5 .
pm_ ‰ofn9f]sfsf] vfkfsf] v'Ng] efu k"0f{ ?kdf cfk\mg} hUufdfly kg]{ u/L agfpg' kg]{5 .
-w_ 5fgf M
c_ 3/sf] 5fgf lem+u6L jf 6fonn] 5fPsf] k/Dk/fut b'O{kfv] z}nLsf] x'g'kg]{5 . t/ lgdf{0f
x'g] 3/hUufsf] tLg}lt/ c?sf] 3/n] 3]l/Psf] ePdf ;8stkm{ Ps kfv] 5fgf /fVg]
cg'dlt lbg ;lsg] 5 .
cf_ d"n ;8sdf df]x8f rf}8f /
k5fl8lt/ nfdf] ePsf] 3/sf]
xsdf 5fgf agfp+bf @% b]lv
#) l8u|Lsf] 9NsfOn] 5fgfsf]
dflyNnf] efusf] prfO
!)=^& ld= -#% lkm6_ eGbf
a9L x'g] ePdf To;/L 9NsfO
ePsf] 5fgf !)=^& ld=
prfO k'Ug] efusf] b'a}tkm{
dfq :nf]k 5fgf /xg] u/L
aLrsf] efu vfnL 5f]8\g
cg'dlt lbg ;lsg]5 . ;f]
vfnL efudf s'g} k|sf/sf]
lgdf{0f ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
O_ lgodfg';f/ lgdf{0f ug{ kfpg] clGtd tNnfd'lg dfq rf]s / af6f]tkm{ afx]s ()
;]=ld=;Dd rf}8fO ePsf] an]gL kfvf cfk\mg} hUufdf kg]{ u/L lgsfNg kfOg]5 . kfvf
;se/ bfof+afof+sf] 3/sf] kfvf / an]gL;+u ;6fP/ ldNg] u/L agfpg' kg]{5 . ejgsf]
an]gL kfvf, d"n 5fgf / e/]+u 5f]Kg] efu ;d]t @% b]lv #) l8u|Lsf] sf]0fdf 9Nsg] u/L
agfpg' kg]{5 . 5fgfdf ;fdfGo jf snfTds 6'F8fn /fVg'kg]{5 .
O{_ 5fgfsf] agfj6n] l5d]sLnfO{ afwf kg'{ x'+b}g . 5fgf / aflx/L efudf kfgL 6\of+sL, l8;
PlG6gf, Po/ slG8;g ;]6, s"n/ ;]6, ;f]nf/ ;]6 cflb ;8s tyf rf]saf6 b]lvg] u/L
/fVg kfOg] 5}g . To:tf ;'ljwfx? ;8s tyf rf]saf6 gb]lvg] u/L jf ejgsf]
jf:t'snfdf k|lts"n c;/ gkg]{ u/L /fVg]:yfgLo lgsfon] lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 .
p_ b'O{kfv] 5fgfs} z}nLdf lem+u6L jf 6fon /Ësf] h:tf kftf (CGI Sheet) sf] 5fgf
nufpg] cg'dlt lbg ;lsg]5 .
-g_ afb{nL M ;fdfGotof t]>f] tNnfdf a9Ldf () ;]=ld= ;Dd aflx/ lg:sg] u/L cfk\mg}
hUufdfly kg]{ u/L dfq sf7sf] afb{nL agfpg ;lsg]5 . d'Vo ;8s jf ;fj{hlgs rf]s;+u
hf]l8Psf 3/x?sf] To;tkm{sf] df]x8fdf 3/leq Recess u/L afb{nL jf a/08f agfpg
kfOg] 5}g . s'g} klg rf]s, uNnL jf ;8sdfly kg]{ u/L afb{nL lgsfNg kfOg] 5}g .
k5fl8sf] lghL hUuftkm{ @ ld6/sf] ;]6Aofs 5f]8L ! ld6/;Dd rf}8fO ePsf] afb{nL klxnf]
tNnfb]lv /fVg ;lsg]5 .
-k_ sfg]{;– 3/sf] k|To]s tNnf 5'l§g] u/L uf/f]sf] ;txaf6 a9Ldf @# ;]=ld= ;Dd aflx/ lg:sg]
u/L sfg]{; /fVg ;lsg]5 . sfg]{; bfofFafofFsf] 3/;+u ldNg] u/L agfpg' kg]{5 . ejgsf]
z}nL cg';f/ sfg]{; ;fbf jf a'§]bf/ O+6fsf] jf sf7sf] jf r'gf ;'sL{ Knfi6/ u/L jl/kl/sf
cGo ejgx?;+u ;fd~h:o x'g] u/L /fVg ;lsg]5 .
-km_ sf}zL – clwstd prfO;Dd lgdf{0f ug]{ ePdf clGtd -rf}yf]_ tNnfdf 5fgfsf] s'n
If]qkmnsf] PsltxfO If]qkmn a/fa/;Ddsf] sf}zL lgdf{0f ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-a_ tNnf yk÷dd{t – klxn] g} lgdf{0f eO;s]sf cfw'lgs cfsf/ k|sf/sf ejgx?df tNnf yKg]
jf dd{t sfo{ ug'{k/]df To;/L lgld{t efunfO{ ;d]t o;} dfkb08 adf]lhd ;Rofpg] u/L
dfq yk lgdf{0f jf dd{t ug{ lbOg]5 .
-e_ dd{t, k|anLs/0f tyf k'glg{df{0f M k/Dk/fut z}nLsf jf:t'snfTds ljz]iftf ePsf
ejgx?sf] ;+/If0f ug{ k|f]T;flxt ul/g]5 . ejgx?sf] k'glg{df{0fnfO{ eGbf ;fdfGo dd{t jf
k|jnLs/0f u/]/ k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] eP To:tf] sfo{nfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg]5 . ejgx? dd{t,
k|anLs/0f jfk'glg{df{0f ubf{ ;fljs adf]lhds} z}nL / :j?k sfod ug'{kg]{5 . ;'wf/ ug]{
ejg jl/kl/sf] P]ltxfl;s Pj+ jf:t'snfTds dxTj / jftfj/0fnfO{ k|lts"n k|efj
kfl//x]sf] ejgsf] efu jf ljz]iftfx?nfO{ eg] ;RofP/ dfq lgdf{0f ug{ :jLs[lt lbg
;lsg]5 . o;/L ;Rofpg] ejgsf] vf;u/L gfk, prfO, /Ë, lgdf{0f ;fdu|L, ‰ofn9f]sf,
5fgf h:tf efux?sf] cjl:ylt OToflbsf] xsdf klg vfnL hUufdf agfOg] ejgsf] lgdf{0f
;DaGwL dfkb08 nfu" x'g]5 .
!$s=& ;Dkbf j:tL Joj:yfkg M
-s_ ;fj{hlgs v'Nnf If]q M lsQf gfkL gS;fdf b]vfOPsf] / xfn eO/x]sf] ;fj{hlgs v'Nnf If]q
h:t} VoM, r's, rf}/, pBfg, kf]v/L / kf]v/Lsf] l8n cflbnfO{ ;+/If0f / ;Da4{g ug]{ afx]s
cGo s'g} klg k|sf/sf] :yfoL jf c:yfoL ejg, 6x/f, kvf{n cflb lgdf{0f ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
rf]s uNnL tyf ;8sdfly kg]{ u/L SofG6Ln]e/, jfb{nL, sf]7f, cflb lgsfNg kfOg] 5}g .
rf]ssf] k]6LnfO{ rf]ss} lx:;f dflgg]5 . ;8s ;tx sfod ubf{ ;8stkm{af6 kfgL gk:g]
u/L rf]ssf] ;tx ;8ssf] s]Gb|Lo /]vfsf] ;tx eGbf slDtdf !% ;]=dL= dfly kg]{ u/L
ldnfpg' kg]{5 .
-v_ dxTjk"0f{ ejg ;+/If0f M j:tLdf snfTds jf:t'snfsf] b[li6n] clt dxTj /fVg] vfnsf]
df]x8f ePsf] s'g} ejg ePdf / ;DalGWft j8f sfof{noaf6 ;+/If0f ug'{ kg]{ egL n]lv
cfPdf To:tf ejgsf] ;fljs df]x8fnfO{ eTsfpg / ljuf/L efua08f, j]r ljvg u/L gofF
ejg agfpg kfOg] 5}g . ;fljs df]x8f oyfjt sfod /xg] u/L dd{t ;'wf/ / k'gM lgdf{0 f
ug{ lbOg]5 . j8faf6 To:tf ejgx?sf] nut tof/ ug'{ kg]{ / To:tf ejgsf] 3/ wgLsf]
j]jf:tfaf6 Iflt x'g] cfz+sf ePdf plrt Ifltk"lt{ lbO{ :yfgLo lgsfon] vl/b ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-u_ xl/ofnL If]qsf] ;+/If0f – k/Dk/fut xl/ofnL If]qnfO{ :ki6;+u ;LdfÍg u/L ;+/If0f
ug'{kb{5 . o:tf If]qnfO{ To;sf] d"n :j?kd} ;fj{hlgs :ynsf] ?kdf ;+/If0f ug'{kb{5 .
xl/ofnL If]q egL ;LdfÍg ul/Psf] If]q tyf s'g} k"hf cfhf cflbsf] nflu 5'6\ofOPsf]
km"naf/L, pBfg, au}+rf, kf]v/L cflbdf ;d]t s'g} k|sf/sf] lgdf{0f ug{ lbOg] 5}g . To:tf]
If]qleq k/Dk/fut 5kfO{ ePsf] :yfgdf cfjZostf cg';f/ k|fs[lts ;fdu|L k|of]u u/L
5kfO{ ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-3_ /fxt If]q – k|fs[lts jf cGo ljkt\sf avt tTsfn ejg vfnL ug{ g;lsg] jf ;'/lIft
gx'g] ejg k|of]ustf{x?nfO{ tTsfn /fVgsf] nflu :yfgLo lgsfon] s'g} :yfg ljz]ifnfO{
/fxt If]q egL tf]Sg ;Sg]5 . o;/L tf]lsPsf] /fxt If]qdf cGo s'g} Jofkf/, Joj;fo, ;ef,
;Dd]ng h:tf s'g} klg ultljlw ;~rfng ug{ lbOg] 5}g . /fxt If]qnfO{ ;+w} v'Nnf /fVg'
kg]{5 . o; If]qdf s'g} klg k|sf/sf] ef}lts ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
-ª_ ;tx ;'wf/ M k/Dk/fut af6f] / jl/kl/sf 3/x?sf] ;tx sfod /fVg k/Dk/fut a:tLdf
;8ssf] ;tx lg/Gt/ a9\b} hfg] la6'ldg -lkr_ h:tf ;fdu|Lx?af6 ;tx ;'wf/ ug{ lbOg]
5}g . o; k|of]hgsf] nflu :yfgLo lgsfox?n] ;Dkbf j:tLdf kg]{ ;8s tyf af6f]sf]
;txsf] clen]v /fVg' kg]{5 .
-r_ k/Dk/fut kfgLsf] ;|f]t Joj:yfkg M k/Dk/fut kfgLsf] d'xfg, lgsf;, k|fs[lts tfn, wfk,
gbL, kf]v/L, wf/f, s'jf, s'08, 9'+u]wf/f, Ogf/ cflb df:g] jf k|lts"n c;/ kg]{ u/L s'g} klg
;+/rgf lgdf{0f ug{ lbOg] 5}g . ;fj{hlgs Ogf/, kf]v/L, 9n, ;fj{hlgs dxTjsf] :yfg
cflbaf6 5f]8\g'kg]{ ;]6 Aofssf] Go"gtd b"/L lgDgfg';f/ x'g]5 M
c_ kf]v/L hnfzosf] l8naf6 % ld6/
cf_ s'jf, 9'Ë]wf/f, ;Ldfaf6 $ ld6/
O_ Ogf/sf] aflx/L 3]/faf6 $ ld6/
O{_ s'nf]sf] s]Gb|/]vfaf6 $ ld6/
p_ ;fljssf 3/x?sf] ;]6Aofs dfly pNn]v eP eGbf km/s /x]sf] cj:yfdf ;fljs
adf]lhd g} sfod ul/g]5 .
-5_ j:tLsf] :j?k M
c_ lah'nL, 6]lnkmf]g cflbsf] ljt/0f k|0ffnL, tf/, Soflag, kfgL 6\of+sL, kfOk cflbnfO{
k/D/fut j:tLsf] :j?k;+u ;fd~h:o x'g] u/L ;se/ hldgd'lg /fVg] u/L ldnfpg'
kg]{5 . P]ltxfl;s :ynsf] jftfj/0fsf] b[io k|b"if0f gx'g] u/L gu/kflnsfn] tf]s]sf]
:yfgx?df dfq 6«fG;kmd{/ cflb h8fg ug'{kg]{5 .
cf_ ;8s 5]pdf jiff{t\sf] kfgL aUg] afx]s cGo 9nnfO{ v'Nnf b]lvg] u/L 5f]8\g' x'+b}g .
;8s 9ndf jiff{t\sf] kfgL afx]s cGo k|of]hgsf] kmf]x/ kfgL jf zf}rfnosf] lgsf;
hf]8\g lbOg] 5}g .
O_ ;fj{hlgs jf c4{ ;fj{hlgs :ynx?df b[io k|b"if0f gx'g] u/L ;8s aQL h8fg ug'{
kg]{5 . To:tf ;8s aQLsf tf/x? aflx/af6 gb]lvg] Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{5 . ljz]if
cj;/ tyf kj{df eg] To; :yfgsf] k/Dk/fut :j?k emNsg] lsl;dn] lah'nL jf
aQLx?sf] Joj:yf ug{ ;lsg]5 .
O{_ s'g} klg ejgdf ;DalGwt gu/kflnsfsf] :jLs[lt lagf 6fj/ tyf PG6]gf cflb h8fg
ug{ kfOg] 5}g . o:tf] :jLs[lt lb+bf ;f] h8fg ePsf] pks/0fsf] sf/0fn] ejgsf]
k/Dk/fut d"No, ;+/rgf / ;'/Iffdf s'g} k|lts"n c;/ gkg]{ s'/f ;'lglZrt ug'{kg]{5 .
p_ :df/s If]qdf xf]l8{Ë af]8{, kDKn]6, kf]i6/, Aofg/, jfnk]lG6Ë cflb /fVg jf 6f+:g kfOg]
5}g . t/ Jofkfl/s k|lti7fg jf sfof{nox?nfO{ lglZrt :yfgdf tf]lsPsf] cfsf/ k|sf/
/ :j?kdf ;fOgaf]8{;Dd /fVg] cg'dlt lbg ;lsg]5 .
-h_ xl/t k|ljlw M lbuf] ejg k|ljlw / :jR5 zx/sf] nflu k|efjsf/L x'g] ;f]nf/ Kofg]nsf]
k|of]u, Go"g sfa{g pT;h{g x'g] k|ljlw / lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lsf] k|of]u ug]{, cfsf;] kfgL ;Íng,
u|fp08 l/rfh{ h:tf pkfox?sf] cjnDjg ;fj{hlgs ejgsf] xsdf clgjfo{ x'g]5 eg]
lghL ejgx?df o:tf] k|ljlwsf] k|of]u ug{nfO{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g]5 . o:tf] k|ljlwsf] k|of]u ubf{
a:tLsf] k/Dk/fut :j?kdf k|lts"n c;/ gkg]{ Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-em_ xfn;fljs ug{df aGb]h M ;fj{hlgs, P]nfgL, klt{, gbL, gfnf, /fhs'nf], af6f], rf}tf/f,
rf]s / jgIf]q cflb tyf cGo k/Dk/fut v'Nnf If]q Pj+ ;/sf/L hdLgsf] ;fljssf]
If]qkmn / ;8ssf] ;fljssf] rf}8fO{ 36g] u/L lghL hUufx?sf] xfn;fljs ul/g]] 5}g .
-`_ k/Dk/fut 5kfO{ (Pavement)M ;fj{hlgs tyf c4{;fj{hlgs :ynx?df ltgLx?sf af6f]sf]
5kfO{ k/Dk/fut g} sfod /fVg' kg]{5 / To:tf 5kfO{ nf]k eO;s]sf] :yndf klg O+6f jf
9'Ëfsf] k|of]u u/L :yfg ;'xfp+bf] k/Dk/fut 5kfO{ sfod ug'{kg]{5 . af6f] tyf rf]sx?df
gof+ 5kfO{ ubf{ 5kfO{sf] ;tx psf;]/ :df/s tyf P]ltxfl;s ejgdf k|lts"n c;/ kfg'{
x'+b}g . ;fljs af6f] tyf rf]sx?sf] dd{t jf k'glg{df{0f ug'{k/]df k'/fg} ;fdu|L jf k'/fgf];+u
d]n vfg] gof+ ;fdu|Lsf] k|of]u ug'{kg]{5 . o;/L lgdf{0f ul/g] ;tx ;s];Dd hldgd'lg kfgL
k'ge{/0f ug{ ;lsg] k|sf/sf] x'g' kg]{5 . o:tf 5kfO{df k|of]u x'g] ;fdu|L cg'?k To;sf]
;/;kmfO{sf] ljlw klg ckgfpg' kg]{5 . jl/kl/sf 3/ tyf ;+/rgfnfO{ c;/ kg]{ ePsf]n]
af6f], rf]s tyf ;fj{hlgs If]qsf] ;tx gpsf:g] u/L lgdf{0f jf dd{t ug'{kg]{5 .
-6_ hUuf v08Ls/0fdf k|ltjGw M ;fljsdf sfod eO/x]sf] Kn6sf] If]qkmnnfO{ v08Ls/0f ug'{
kbf{ b'O{ cfgf b'O{ k};f -*) ju{ dL=_ eGbf sd If]qkmn sfod x'g] u/L lsQfsf6 ug{ lbOg]
5}g . ;f] eGbf sd If]qkmn sfod x'g ;Sg] u/L Ps} ejgdf cltl/Qm e/]+u /fVg] u/L ejg
lgdf{0f ug]{ :jLs[lt ;d]t k|bfg ul/g] 5}g . hUufsf] :jfldTj sfg"g adf]lhd w]/} JolQmsf]
gfddf afF8\g' kg]{ cj:yfdf ;d]t hUufsf] lsQf plNnlvt If]qkmn eGbf sd x'g] ePdf
;+o'Qm :jfldTj dfq sfod ul/g]5 .
-7_ vl08t :jfldTj M ejgsf] :jfldTj s'g} lsl;dn] vl08t eO;s]sf] eP tfklg ejgsf]
aflx/L :j?kdf v08Ls/0f ePsf] b]lvg] u/L lgdf{0f jf dd{t ;Def/ jf k'glg{df{0f ug{
:jLs[lt lbOg] 5}g . Psf3/sf c+lzof/aLr efua08f ePsf] cj:yfdf ;d]t aflx/L
:j?kdf km/s kg]{ u/L tNnf yKg, e\mofn9f]sf 6'qmf ug{ kfOg] 5}g . o; ;DaGwdf
c+lzof/aLr ;xdlt sfod x'g g;s]df cfkm"dWo]af6 dgf]lgt dWo:ystf{n] ;xhstf{sf]
e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{5 . dWo:ystf{af6 klg ;xdlt sfod u/fpg g;lsPsf] ;+/rgfnfO{
:yfgLo lgsfon] Go"gtd k|rlnt d"No lgwf{/0f u/L 3/wgLx?af6 cfkm}n] jf ;fj{hlgs
lnnfd a9fa9 u/fO{vl/b laqmL ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-8_ WjgL lgoGq0f – kf6L{ Kofn];, >Jo b[io sfo{qmd, wfld{s k|jrg cflb cfof]hgf x'g] ;a}
k|sf/sf] :yfoL jf c:yfoL ejg tyf ;+/rgfx?df WjgL k|b"if0f gx'g] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{5 .
-w_ cfjfudgM ;Dkbf If]qsf] ;+/rgfTds ;'/Iffsf] nflu tf]lsPsf ;fj{hlgs tyf c4{;fj{hlgs
:ynx?df k}bn ofqfnfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg]5 . k|frLg a:tLleq cfkTsfnLg ;]jf h:t}
bdsn, PDa'n]G; afx]s cGo df]6/ uf8L rnfpg lbOg] 5}g . lgdf{0f ;fdu|L 9'jfgL tyf
vfg]kfgL 6\of+s/ h:tf cTofjZosLo ;]jf lbg] ;jf/L ;fwgx? ;fdfGotof a]n'sL *
ah]b]lv laxfg * ah];Dd rnfpg lbg ;lsg] 5 .
-g_ :df/ssf] ;'/Iff M lgdf{0ffwLg ejg jl/kl/sf] :df/s tyf P]ltxfl;s ejgdf k|lts"n c;/
gkg]{ u/L lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{5 tyf lgdf{0fsf] qmddf :df/ssf] ;'/Iffdf Wofg lbg'kg]{5
.:df/sx?df s'g} k|sf/sf] kf]i6/, ;"rgf, leQ] n]vg, k|rf/ ;fdu|L cflb 6fF:g jf k|of]u ug{
lbOg] 5}g .
-k_ k/Dk/fut pkof]unfO{ k|f]T;fxg – ;fj{hlgs tyf c4{;fj{hlgs :yfgx?sf] k/Dk/fut
k|of]hg / pkof]unfO{ k|f]T;flxt ul/g]5 . To:tf :yfgx?df k/Dk/fut ;+:sf/, hfqf tyf
kj{, d]nfx?nfO{ s'g} k|sf/n] afwf k'¥ofpg' x'+b}g . tf]lsPsf] :yfg afx]s cGo rf]s, ggL
h:tf ;fj{hlgs :yfgx?nfO{ kfls{+u, Jofj;flos ;fdu|Lsf] ;~ro tyf Joj;fo
;~rfngsf] nflu k|of]u ug{ lbOg] 5}g .
-km_ s[lif If]qnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg'kg]{ – ;Dkbf j:tLleq s[lif If]q ;LdflÍt ePdf To;sf]
;f+:s[lts tyf k|fs[lts dxTjnfO{ b[li6ut u/L k/Dk/fut s[lif If]qnfO{ ;+/If0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
o;leq v]tsf agf]6 tyf afnLsf k|sf/ cflb ;d]t kb{5g\ . ;Dkbf j:tLleqsf] s[lif
If]qdf pQm If]qnfO{ s'g} c;/ gkg]{ u/L dfq lgdf{0f sfo{ ug]{ :jLs[lt lbOg]5 .
-a_ ejg PsLs/0f -House Pooling) ;DaGwL Joj:yf M ejg PsLs/0f ljlwaf6 k'/fgf tyf
P]ltxfl;s zx/L If]qsf] k'glj{sf; tyf k'g?Tyfg ug{ ;lsg]5 . o;sf] nflu ejg PsLs/0f
ug{ :jLs[lt lb+bf k|:tfljt af6f]sf] rf}8fO{ / s"n If]qkmn ;fljs af6f]sf] rf}8fO{ / s"n
If]qkmn eGbf sd gx'g] u/L ug'{ kg]{5 tyf ;fljs ejgx?sf] ;d"xn] rr]{sf] cfsf/ /
kbrfk (Foot print) ;fljs adf]lhd g} sfod ug'{ kg]{5 . ejg PsLs/0f cfof]hgf
;~rfng ubf{ rf]sx?sf] ;fljs gfk, cfsf/ / :j?kdf s'g} kl/jt{g ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
-e_ l5d]sL w/sf] ;'/Iff M lgdf{0fsf] qmddf nx/} 3/x? ePdf ljrdf 3/ agfpFbf l5d]sL
3/df s'g} k|sf/sf] Iflt gx'g] u/L ;'/Iffsf] Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{5 . gof+ lgdf{0fsf] qmddf
l5d]sLsf] 3/df sbflrt s'g} Iflt x'g uPdf k"j{ cj:yf sfod x'g] u/L dd{t ;Def/
ul/lbg' kg]{5 .
-d_ lgif]lwt lqmofsnfkx? M ;Dkbf j:tLdf lgDg pBf]uJoj;fox? lgif]w ul/g] 5 M–
c_ ;–ldn tyf sf7 lrg]{ d]l;g k|of]u ug{,
cf_ jftfj/0f b"lift jf k|lts"n c;/ kg]{ s[ofsnfkx? ;~rfng ug{,
O_ Uof;, k]6«f]n, bfp/f, sf]Onf, dl§t]n h:tf k|HjngzLn kbfy{ / lj:kmf]6s tyf
/f;folgs kbfy{ Jofkfl/s b[li6sf]0faf6 ;+ro / ljqmL ljt/0f ug{,
O{_ Jofkfl/s b[li6sf]0faf6 lel8of] k|bz{g ug{,
p_ lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lx? h:t} M l;d]G6, OF6f, 58, h:tf–kftf cflbsf] k;n /fVg,
pm_ tf]lsPsf] 7fpF afx]s cGo 7fpFdf 3'DtL jf :yfoL t/sf/L k;n /fVg,
P_ sf+rf] df5f, df;' a]Rg] k;n tyf df]6/;fOsn, df]6/, 7]nf cflb dd{t ug]{ k;n /fVg,
P]_ lu|n jf j]lN8+u ;DaGwL pBf]u jf js{zk ;~rfng ug{,
cf]_ s'v'/f, xfF; jf rf}kfof -ufO{, e};L, j+u'/ cflb_ kfng ;DaGwL pBf]u ;~rfng ug{
!$s=* ;Dkbf j:tLdf ejgsf] gS;f tof/ ug]{ tyf lgdf{0f ;'k/Lj]If0f ug]{M
-s_ ejg P]g, @)%% sf] bkmf * cg';f/ s / v ju{sf ejgx?sf] 9fFrf, gS;f, :6«Sr/ tyf
ljz]if ;'ljwfx?sf] l8hfOg / lgdf{0f ;'k/Lj]If0f g]kfn OlGhlgol/+u kl//ifb\sf] btf{jfnf
cfls{6]S6 jf OlGhlgo/af6 u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-v_ g]kfn OlGhlgol/Ë kl/ifb\n] Jofj;flos cg'dlt k|bfg gu?Gh]n s / v ju{sf] ejgsf]
nflu kl/ifbdf gfd btf{ ePsf]] ;DalGwt ljifosf] OlGhlgo/jf6 :6«Sr/ tyf ljz]if
;'ljwfx?sf] l8hfOg u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-u_ u / 3 ju{sf ejgsf] nflu ejg ljwfdf sd;]sd k|df0fkq tx jf l8Knf]df pQL0f{ u/]sf]
k|fljlwsjf6 ejgsf] 9fFrf / gS;f tof/ tyf lgdf{0f ;'k/Lj]If0f u/fpg' kg]{5 .
b|i6Jo M s / v ju{sf] ejgnfO{ ;DalGwt k|fljlws lj1n] ;'/lIft 5 egL l8hfOg tyf
PgfnfOl;; ;d]t k|:t't u/L k|dfl0ft u/]df To:tf] ejgsf] xsdf ejg ;+lxtfsf]
Mandatory Rule of Thumbsf k|fjwfgx? nfu" x'g] 5}gg\ .
!$s=( ejgsf] k|of]u kl/jt{g – ejg lgdf{0fsf] :jLs[lt ln+bf pNn]v ul/Psf] ejg jf kl/;/sf]
k|of]udf kl/jt{g ug'{k/]df lgdf{0f :jLs[lt k|bfg ug]{ ;+:yfdf /Ltk"j{ssf] lgj]bg lbg'kg]{5 .
cfjf;Lo ejgsf] e'O{+tNnfdf ;Dkbf j:tLsf] rfl/lqs ljz]iftf cg'?ksf k/Dk/fut ;Lk;+u
;DalGwt n3'pBd tyf Hof;n jf k;n cflb ;~rfng u/] klg To:tf] ejgnfO{ cfjf;Lo
k|of]hgsf] ejg g} dflgg]5 . e"pkof]u, ;+/rgfTds ;'/Iff tyf o; dfkb08sf cGo ;fGble{s
k|fjwfgx?sf] kfngf ePsf] cj:yfdf dfq To;/L k|of]u kl/jt{gsf] :jLs[lt lbg ;lsg]5 cGoyf
;f] ejgdf k"j{ :jLs[t k|of]u g} :jtM sfod x'g]5 . :jLs[lt ljgf pkof]u kl/jt{g u/]df :yfgLo
lgsfon] cfwf/e"t ;fj{hlgs ;]jfx?af6 al~rt ug{ ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ n]vL k7fpg]5 tyf
To:tf lgsfox?n] n]vL cfP adf]lhd ug]{5g\ .
!$s=!) df6f] k/LIf0f M ;Dkbf j:tLdf # tnf eGbf cUnf ;fj{hlgs ejg lgdf{0f ug{ clgjfo{ ?kdf
;x/L ljsf; dGqfnon] hf/L u/]sf] df6f] k/LIf0f lgb]{lzsf cg';f/ ug'{ kg]{5 . vfgL tyf e"ue{
ljefun] g]kfn /fhkqdf k|sflzt u/L lgif]w u/]sf If]qdf ejg lgdf{0f ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
!$s=!! lgdf{0f Joj:yfkg M
-s_ ;Dkbf j:tLsf] ;+/If0f / lgdf{0f cg'dlt k|bfg ug]{ sfo{df ;+nUg /xg] u/L :yfgLo
lgsfox?n] tf]lsPsf] of]Uotf k'u]sf] ;+/If0f clws[t lgo'Qm ug]{5g\ .
-v_ 3/kl/jf/ / ;d'bfo b'j}sf] k|fs[lts hf]lvdx?;Fu ;fdgf ug]{ Ifdtf a[l4 ug{ k|lzIf0f
sfo{qmdx?sf] dfWodaf6 ;d'bfodf kof{Kt hfgsf/L lbg / ljkb\;+u h'‰g] Ifdtf ljsf;
ug{ :yfgLo lgsfox?n] pko'Qm sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug{' kg]{5 .
-u_ 3/wgLn] e"sDk k|lt/f]wfTds ejg lgdf{0f ;DjGwL cfwf/e"t tflnd lnO{ ;"rLs[t ePsf]
sDtLdf Ps hgf sflnu9nfO{ ejg lgdf{0f ;'kl/j]If0f sfo{df;+nUg u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-3_ ;Dkbf a:tLsf] ;Dj4{gaf6 nf]kf]Gd'v /fli6«o ;Dkbf / ;+:s[ltsf] dxTj / ul/df sfod
/fVg ;xof]u x'g] ePsf]n];DalGwt lgsfox?n] 3/wgLnfO{ s/ 5"6, gSzf b:t'/df sdL,
:yfgLo k|ljlw / lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lsf] k|of]udf nfut ;xeflutf h:tf pTk|]/0ff hufpg]
sfo{x? ug{]5g\ .
!$s=!@ ;Dkbf j:tL ;+/If0f u'?of]hgf M
-s_ :yfgLo lgsfon] ;Dkbf j:tLx?sf] ;+/If0fsf] nflu j:tLsf] ef}lts ;+/rgf / hg;f+lVos
nut ;lxt of] dfkb08 nfu" ePsf] Ps jif{leq j:tL ;+/If0f u'?of]hgf th'{df u/L
:yfgLo gu/ jf ufp+ kl/ifb\af6 :jLs[t u/fpg]5 . :jLs[t u'?of]hgf ljk/Lt x'g] u/L s'g}
klg k|sf/sf] lgdf{0f sfo{ ug{ lbOg] 5}g .
-v_ u'?of]hgf th'{df ubf{ kfgLsf] d'xfg tyf ;|f]tnfO{ k'g:yf{kgf ug]{, df]6/ uf8Lsf] k|j]z
lgif]lwt If]q c+lst ug]{, To:tf] If]q jl/kl/sf] pko'Qm :yfgdf kof{Kt kfls{+u :yn lgwf{/0f
ug]{, ;+/lIft xl/t If]q, ;fj{hlgs v'Nnf If]q cflb c+lst ug]{ h:tf sfo{x? ;d]t ug'{
kg]{5 .
-u_ :yfgLo lgsfon] u'?of]hgf tyf dfkb08 th'{df ubf{ ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO u/fpg' kg]{5 .
!^= ljljw
lgdf{0f :jLs[lt lbg] ;Gbe{df b:t'/ sfod ubf{ ejgsf] k|of]hg cg';f/ ug'{ kb{5 . ;fy}, Ps} k|of]hgsf] nflu
lgdf{0f :jLs[lt lb+bf Psn ?kdf lgdf{0f x'g] / ;+o'Qm ?kdf lgdf{0f x'g] ejgx? aLr leGg leGg b/ sfod ug{
kfOg] 5}g .