Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Fundamentos de Auditoria
Fundamentos de Auditoria
FUNDAMENTOS DE AUDITORIA
GROUP: 3CM3
TEAM: 10
MEMBERS:
Cruz López María del Carmen
Cruz Ramírez Ariadna
Quiroz Martinez Eduardo Alejandro
Saldivar Gonzales Carlos Daniel
TOPIC 1
to enter the world of investments in the stock market; as the creditor or supplier
who relies on the opinion of the accounting professional to grant credits; or that
investor who wishes to join the audited company or entity as a partner. East
Trusted support has been earned through many years of effort, dedication, and
professionalism, in their opinion work on the financial statements, for companies or
entities listed on the stock market or not, since the professional accountant has no
distinctions with customers, on the contrary, it guides them to enter the stock
market.
Then it is no longer the concept of auditing itself, but rather the entire accounting
profession dedicated to this specialty. Here we can mention that the audit is not the
cold analysis of the figures of the financial statements of a company or entity; It
also analyzes the qualities of the figures item by item of the financial statements,
and studies how much the administrative situation and the operational part of the
company, if it is production, or the operational part of the services, when we
evaluate a service company. The analysis and study of these activities both
administrative and operational, give the basis for the public accounting degree can
express their opinion of the company or entity that hires their professional services,
for this it is necessary that you be aware of financial news from Mexico and the
world finance, not only at the national level, but also in the international
environment.
We cannot forget that the profession of the accounting graduate is not confined
only in the opinion of the financial statements of a company or entity, also
exercises extensive advisory functions such as:
Financial,
Tax,
Operational,
Administrative
Information technology
Of risk analysis,
Of sustainability and forming an integral part of the corporate governance of
companies, especially as chairman of the audit committee, integrated into
corporate governance of the company or entity or the business group to which the
company belongs or entity.
QUESTIONNAIRE
In the financial sector and in the business world, who are the people who trust the
opinion of a Public Accountant?
ANSWER). To users in the states financial, both to the investor and the creditor or
provider who relies on the professional opinion of the public accountant.
How confidence has been generated in the audit work carried out by public
accounting professionals?
ANSWER). Through many years of effort, dedication, and professionalism, in their
opinion work on the financial statements, for companies or listed entities, including
those that are not listed.
What is the basis for a public accountant to issue his opinion on the
reasonableness of the financial statements?
ANSWER). Analysis and study of activities financial, administrative, and
operational, give the basis for you to express your opinion on the reasonableness
of the figures presented by the company or entity.
Describe three of the functions that the public accountant can perform in his role as
an advisor:
ANSWER). a) Financial; b) Taxes; c) Risk analysis
TEMA 1
CUESTIONARIO
AUDITOR'S REPORT
There are four common types of auditor's reports (1.- Unqualified Opinion; 2.-
Qualified Opinion report; 3.-Adverse Opinion report y Disclaimer of Opinion) each
one presenting a different situation encountered during the auditor's work.
UNQUALIFIED OPINION
An opinion is said to be unqualified when he or she does not have any significant
reservation in respect of matters contained in the Financial Statements. The most
frequent type of report is referred to as the "Unqualified Opinion", and is regarded
by many as the equivalent of a "clean bill of health" to a patient, which has led
many to call it the "Clean Opinion", but in reality it is not a clean bill of health,
because the Auditor can only provide reasonable assurance regarding the
Financial Statements, not the health of the company itself, or the integrity of
company records not part of the foundation of the Financial Statements. This type
of report is issued by an auditor when the financial statements are free of material
misstatements and are presented fairly in accordance with the Generally Accepted
Accounting Principles (GAAP), which in other words means that the company's
financial condition, position, and operations are fairly presented in the financial
statements. It is the best type of report an auditee may receive from an external
auditor. An Unqualified Opinion indicates the following –
(1) The Financial Statements have been prepared using the Generally Accepted
Accounting Principles which have been consistently applied;
(2) The Financial Statements comply with relevant statutory requirements and
regulations.
(3) There is adequate disclosure of all material matters relevant to the proper
presentation of the financial information subject to statutory requirements, where
applicable;
(4) Any changes in the accounting principles or in the method of their application
and the effects there of have been properly determined and disclosed in the
Financial Statements.
The report consists of a title and header, a main body, the auditor's signature and
address, and the report's issuance date. US auditing standards require that the title
includes "independent" to convey to the user that the report was unbiased in all
respects.
Traditionally, the main body of the unqualified report consists of three main
paragraphs, each with distinct standard wording and individual purpose.
Nonetheless, certain auditors (including Price Waterhouse Coopers) have since
modified the arrangement of the main body (but not the wording) in order to
differentiate themselves from other audit firms, even though such modification is
contrary to the clarified US AICPA standards on auditing.
The second paragraph (commonly referred to as the scope paragraph) details the
scope of audit work, provides a general description of the nature of the work,
examples of procedures performed, and any limitations the audit faced based on
the nature of the work. This paragraph also states that the audit was performed in
accordance with the country's prevailing generally accepted auditing standards and
regulations.
Auditor's Responsibility
Opinion
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all
material respects, the financial position of ABC Company, Inc. as of December 31,
20XX, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year then ended in
accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
AUDITOR'S SIGNATURE
Auditor's name and address
2. Can the audit report serve as an opinion to assess the quality of a business in
order to make decisions?
True or False: FALSE
4. An unqualified opinion indicates that the financial statements comply with the
relevant legal and regulatory requirements?
True or False: TRUE
6. The United States audit standards require that the title include "independent" to
convey to the user that the report was impartial in all aspects?
True or False: TRUE
7. How many paragraphs does the main body of the unqualified report contain?
Reply: Traditionally, the main body of the unqualified report consists of three
main paragraphs.
8. The administration is responsible for the fair preparation and presentation of the
financial statements subject to audit?
True or False: TRUE
9. Financial accounting and cost accounting, in conjunction with other tools, are
important for financial projections.
True or False: TRUE
Hemos auditado los estados financieros adjuntos de ABC Company, Inc. (una
corporación de California), que comprenden el balance general al 31 de diciembre
de 20XX y los estados de resultados, utilidades retenidas y flujos de efectivo
relacionados para el año terminado en esa fecha. y las correspondientes notas a
los estados financieros.
Responsabilidad de la administración por los estados financieros
La gerencia es responsable de la preparación y presentación fiel de estos estados
financieros consolidados de acuerdo con los principios de contabilidad
generalmente aceptados en los Estados Unidos; esto incluye el diseño,
implementación y mantenimiento del control interno relevante para la preparación
y presentación fiel de estados financieros consolidados que estén libres de
incorrección material, ya sea por fraude o error.
Responsabilidad del auditor
Nuestra responsabilidad es expresar una opinión sobre estos estados financieros
consolidados con base en nuestra auditoría. Realizamos nuestra auditoría de
acuerdo con las normas de auditoría generalmente aceptadas en los Estados
Unidos. Esas normas requieren que planifiquemos y realicemos la auditoría para
obtener una seguridad razonable sobre si los estados financieros consolidados
están libres de incorrección material.
Una auditoría implica realizar procedimientos para obtener evidencia de auditoría
sobre los montos y las revelaciones en los estados financieros consolidados. Los
procedimientos seleccionados dependen del juicio de los auditores, incluida la
evaluación de los riesgos de incorrección material en los estados financieros
consolidados, ya sea por fraude o error. Al hacer esas evaluaciones de riesgo, el
auditor considera el control interno relevante para la preparación y presentación
razonable de los estados financieros consolidados por parte de la entidad para
diseñar procedimientos de auditoría que sean apropiados en las circunstancias,
pero no con el propósito de expresar una opinión sobre la efectividad de los
estados financieros consolidados. el control interno de la entidad. En
consecuencia, no expresamos tal opinión. Una auditoría también incluye evaluar la
adecuación de las políticas contables utilizadas y la razonabilidad de las
estimaciones contables significativas realizadas por la administración, así como
evaluar la presentación general de los estados financieros consolidados.
Consideramos que la evidencia de auditoría que hemos obtenido proporciona una
base suficiente y adecuada para nuestra opinión de auditoría.
Opinión
En nuestra opinión, los estados financieros antes mencionados presentan
razonablemente, en todos los aspectos significativos, la posición financiera de
ABC Company, Inc. al 31 de diciembre de 20XX, y los resultados de sus
operaciones y sus flujos de efectivo para el año terminado en esa fecha. de
acuerdo con los principios de contabilidad generalmente aceptados en los Estados
Unidos.
2. ¿El informe de auditoría puede servir como opinión para evaluar la calidad de
un negocio para la toma de decisiones?
Verdadero o falso: FALSO
3. ¿Se dice que un informe es de opinión sin salvedades cuando no tiene reserva
significativa respecto de los asuntos contenidos en los Estados Financieros?
Verdadero o falso: VERDADERO
4. ¿Una opinión sin salvedades indica que los estados financieros cumplen con los
requisitos legales y reglamentarios pertinentes?
Verdadero o falso: VERDADERO
6. ¿Las normas de auditoría de los Estados Unidos requieren que el título incluya
"independiente" para transmitir al usuario que el informe fue imparcial en todos los
aspectos?
Verdadero o falso: VERDADERO