BUILDING

UTILITIES -1
Plumbing and Sanitary Systems

Course Code : ARCH 30123

LESSON 4
SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM
(Waste Pipe, Soil Pipe, House Drain &
House Sewer)

POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF
OF THE
THE PHILIPPINES
PHILIPPINES
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
Sanitary Drainage System
1. Waste Pipe
A waste pipe is often a smaller
diameter pipe that carries waste
water from your sinks, washing
machine, shower, bath and any
other appliance you may have that
uses water. It can be narrower than
a soil pipe as the waste pipe is only
designed to carry water. Wastewater
does not typically generate harmful
gas so does not need to be vented
high above ground level.
The drainage installation of the plumbing system compromises
three major components (DWV)
1. Drainage Pipe – refers to an installation that receives and conveys
discharges from water closets with or without waste coming from
the fixtures.
2. Waste Pipe –any pipe in a drainage installation that receives the
discharges of any fixtures except the water closet and conveys the
same to the soil branch, and soil pipe of the house drain.
3. Vent Pipe – to give an air passage or conduit to ventilate the
drainage and waste pipe.
 In modern plumbing, a drain-waste-vent (or DWV) is
part of a system that allows air to enter a plumbing
system to maintain proper air pressure to enable the
removal of sewage and greywater from a dwelling.
Waste is produced in fixtures such as toilets, sinks,
and showers. As the water runs down, proper venting
is required to avoid a vacuum from being created. As
the water runs down air must be allowed into the
waste pipe either through a roof vent.
Solid Waste - WATER CLOSET
is discharged by the
water closet only to
either the Soil Branch,
Soil Stack, Soil Pipe, or
House Drain. Any pipe

SOIL STACK
that receives and
conveys human wastes
is affixed with the word
“Soil” such as SOIL BRANCH
mentioned above.
Soil Branch –
a horizontal pipe affixed by
the word soil. The word soil
connotes a pipe receiving
discharges from the water
closet. On the other hand,
if this soil branch does not
receive from the water
closet but from fixtures
only, it will be classified as
Waste Pipe.
Soil Stack –
vertical pipe installation
where the soil branches
terminate. The pipe is called
a stack being installed
vertically. And the word soil
is affixed because human
waste from soil branches. It
will be classified as Waste
Stack.
General Conditions for a Good Waste Pipe
installation
a. Right choice of Materials
b. Use correct fittings
c. Right location of clean-outs
d. Provide the right slope or grade of the pipe lines
e. Using the correct size of pipes
f. Right manner of pipe joining
g. Correct position and rigid support
a. Right Choice of Materials
Selecting a right materials must be
consider when installing the waste
pipe, any waste pipe line conveys
large amount of acid and material
must specify an acid resistant
materials. But not all domestic
waste contains acids.
b. Use correct fittings
Refers to the right choice of a right kind of fittings for particular
changes of directions, turns or offsets. Injudicious use of fittings should
not be allowed in plumbing installation. Short cuts that will not allow
smooth passage of waste should be avoided.
c. Location of Clean-Out
The waste pipe installation bust be provided
with an ample number of clean-outs, strategically
located, to be opened in case of pipeline trouble.
Clean –out is a receptacle of the plumbing system
accessible on floor, walls or ceiling. It is equipped with
a plug or flush plate so designed as not impair the
aesthetical view of the room.
The location of clean out must be indicated in
the plan. It should be sized equal to the diameter of
the waste pipe, where it connected. This is to avoid
interference in the rodding or cleaning process.
Clean-out must be readily accessible to the
plumber in case of waste pipe problem.
d. Provide Right Slope or Grade of
the pipe lines No slope
1
The ideal position of horizontal
waste pipe, were those installed at
2% slope. 2 cm

1 meter
2
1. No slope – water and solids stay
inside the pipe.
2. 2% slope – both liquid and solid
drains out. More
More
than
3. + 2% slope - liquid drain too fast, 2 cm
than
3 2 cm 1 meter
solids left behind. 1 meter
e. Using the Correct Size of Pipes

The size of the waste pipe intended

to receive waste from the fixture
must be of sufficient diameter. This
is to accommodate the velocity of
flow, making them as nearly
scouring as necessary to prevent
the silting of the pipe.

Scouring means to flush or wash

out, to remove dirt or grease by
flowing through.
Plumbing Code Committee’s finds the following:
1. Bigger pipe size does not guarantee effective scouring action or
the self-cleaning ability of the pipe. Self-cleaning ability is
present when the liquid and waste inside the pipe flow
smoothly and simultaneously flow together.

2. Water flow inside a larger pipe is relatively shallow. The solid

waste does not flow in shallow water but tends to remain at
the bottom of the pipe. This is practically the most common
cause of the many clogging problems of drainage installation.
3. Drainage pipe must be of the right size to have a liquid flow of
about 50% of the pipe diameter. Meaning, that the flowing water
inside the pipe must have a depth equal to ½ the pipe diameter.

4. For example, if the pipe is 100 mm in diameter, the water flow

inside the pipe must have a depth of about 50 mm to attain the
scouring action. This is where the 2% slope becomes effective.

5. On the other hand, too small a pipeline is subject to overloading of

flow. The tendency is to create back-pressure, siphonage, and floor
flooding.
f. Manner of Joining Pipes
Pipe joining in plumbing system
have a different types of
connections. But each kind of pipe
has its own manner of
recommended and specified by the
manufacturer. For example, like PVC
pipes are using the plastic solvent
cement or a connector. For cast iron
pipes are joined by using the
oakum and lead at the hub and
spigot connections.
g. Correct Position and Rigid Support

A pipe support or pipe hanger is a

designed element that transfer
the load from a pipe to the supporting
structures. The load includes the weight
of the pipe proper, the content that the
pipe carries, all the pipe fittings attached
to pipe, and the pipe covering such
as insulation. The overall design
configuration of a pipe support assembly
is dependent on the loading and
operating conditions.
Waste Pipes and Other Fixtures
Two Type of Waste Types depending the kind of fixtures it will serve:

1. Direct Waste – is one terminal directly connected to the

plumbing system.

Different Types of Fixture Served by Direct Waste

a. Urinals g. Laundry
b. Bath Tub h. Laboratory
c. Lavatories i. Hospital Fixture
d. Sink
e. Shower
f. Drinking Fountain
2. Indirect Waste – refers to a
connection with terminal not
connected to the plumbing
system.

Fixture Served by Indirect Floor Drain

Waste
a. Soda Fountain
b. Refrigeration
c. Bar Waste INDIRECT WASTE DIRECT WASTE
d. d. Drinking
Fountain
Recommended Size of Waste Pipe
1. Sink Waste – the minimum size of waste pipe for sink is 38 mm or 1 ½”.
2. Slop Sink – is tapped either on floor or walls. Traps on the floor shall
be 75 mm or 100 mm and 50 mm for traps installed on walls with a
cleanout plug.
3. Scully Sink 50 mm
4. Pantry Sink 38 mm
5. Factory wash up sink 50 mm
6. Bathtub 38 mm min. To 50 mm
7. Lavatories 50 mm
8. Shower Bath 50 mm
9. Urinal 50 mm
10. Laundry Tub 38 mm to 50 mm
Sizing of Waste Pipe:
Fixture Unit Value -
Is the waste load in determining the size of sanitary pipes.
Table 1: Fixture Unit Value

Kind of Fixtures Fixture Unit

Bath Tub 2
Floor Drain 1
Kitchen Sink 2
Residential Sink 1.5
Lavatory or Wash Basin 1
Shower Bath 2
Kind of Fixtures Fixture Unit
Slop Sink 2
Sink , Hotel or Public 3
Urinal 5
Water Closet 6
Combination Fixture 3
I bedroom group consisting of Water Closet, Lavatory, Bath Tub,
and Shower overhead or Water Closet. Lavatory and Shower 8
Compartment
For every 15 square fact of roof drain 1
Table 2: Size of Horizontal Fixture Branch & Stack
Maximum number of fixture units that maybe connected to
Diameter of Pipe Stack with 3 24or more Branched Interval
One Horizontal Branch
Not over 3 Branches
In One Branch Interval Total in Stack42
mm In
32 1 1/4 1 2 1 2
38 1 1/2 3 4 2 8
50 2 6 10 6 24
63 2 1/2 12 20 9 42
75 3 20 30 20 60
100 4 160 240 90 500
125 5 360 540 200 1100
150 6 620 960 350 1900
200 8 1400 2200 600 3600
250 10 2500 3800 1000 5600
300 12 3800 6000 15002 8400
Example 1 :
To determine the Horizontal Waste Pipe to serve 6 urinals, 2 lavatories, 5 showers, 2 floor drains.

Refer to Table 1 to find the fixture unit value for the above fixtures.

6 Urinal X 5 units ........ 30 units

2 Lavatories X 1 unit ........ 2 units
5 Showers X 2 units ........ 10 units
2 Floor Drains X 1 unit ........ 2 units
TOTAL 34 units

Refer to Table 2 refers to the column of one horizontal branch 34 units under by 100 mm or 4 “
pipe.

Specify to use 100 mm diameter for Waste Pipe.

Example 2:
To determine the size of pipe that could effectively convey waste from serve 1 lavatories, 1
residential sink, 1 slop sink.

Refer to Table 1 to find the fixture unit value for the above fixtures.

1 Lavatories ....................... 1 unit

1 Shower......................... 1 1/2 unit
1 Slop Sink .......................... 3 units
TOTAL 5 1/2 units

Refer to Table 2 under the column of one horizontal branch 5 ½ fixtures units is near to the
value 0f 6.

50 mm diameter can be used to serve the 3 fixtures above.

2. Soil Pipe –
pipe that receives
and conveys
discharges of water
closets, bidet and
urinal with or
without discharge
from other fixtures
to the house drain
or house sewer.
At least one vertical stack in the plumbing system must extend full
size through the roof for the purpose of ventilation, siphonage &
back pressure.

The soil stack or stack vent extends to the roof not less than 300
mm and the minimum size of the pipe is 75 mm or 3” in diameter.

Soil Stack – soil pipe installed vertically.

Soil Branch – Pipe installed horizontally.

Plumbing code on Soil Pipe Installation provides that:
1. Soil pipe shall be properly concealed or embedded in columns, walls or partitions,
installed prior to the construction of the building.
2. The entire installation in building such as the location of fixtures, thickness of
partitions, location of doors and windows, drop ceiling, electrical layout, and their
relations with each other shall be considered in the pre-planning stages prior to the
rough-in work.
3. Soil branch that will directly receive waste from water closets shall be short and
direct as practicable.
4. Soil pipes joints shall tight and free from liquid or gas leak. Installation workmanship
shall be strictly in accordance with the standard practice of plumbing.
5. Soil pipes not embedded in concrete wall, columns or partitions shall anchored
rigidly by means of metal hanger.
6 . The changes from vertical to horizontal direction shall be use:
a. ¼ bend pipe
b. Long sweep ¼ bend
c. 2 – 1/8 bend
d. Combination of Y and 1/8 bend

¼ Bend Pipe

Combination Y and Long Sweep ¼

1/8 Bend Pipe Bend Pipe 1/8 Bend Pipe
Sizing of Soil Pipe:
Example 1:
To determine the size of Soil Pipe to serve the following fixture below:
Refer to Table 1 to find the fixture unit value for the above fixtures.
5 Shower Bath X 2 units ................ 10 units
8 Water Closets X 6 units ................ 48 units
3 Wash Basin X 1 unit ................. 3 units
3 Slop Sink X 3 units ................ 9 units
10 Floor Traps X 1 unit ................. 10 units
TOTAL 80 units

Refer to Table 2 under column of Total in Stack , 80 units is between 60 and 500
fixture units which can serve a 100 mm or 4” pipe diameter.
Example 2:
To determine the size of Soil Stack to serve the following fixture below:

Refer to Table 1 to find the fixture unit value for the above fixtures.

2 Shower Bath X 2 units ................ 4 units

2 Water Closets X 6 units ................ 12 units
2 Wash Basin X 1 unit ................. 2 units
1 Kitchen Sink X 2 units ................ 2 units
TOTAL 20 units

Refer to Table 2 under Total in Stack , 20 units is within the limit of 50 mm or 2” pipe diameter.
The 50 mm or 2” pipe diameter could not be used because the limitation of National Plumbing Code
state that:
“ No Water Closet shall discharge into a drain less than 75 mm or 3” diameter pipe.”
Therefore: 75 mm diameter pipe will specified to used for Soil Stack.
3. Soil Branch –

a pipe that install

horizontally with
lateral or vertical
connection that
receives the
discharges of water
closet with or
without additional
plumbing fixtures.
General Conditions in Installing Soil Branch:
1. Concealed in floors, partitions or lowered ceiling, accessible
provided with cleanouts.
2. Cleanouts shall be installed when changes of directions
3. Cleanouts are the same diameter as the soil branch.
4. Location of cleanout should be at the farthest end and away from
the soil stack.
5. Avoid using short sanitary Tee, ¼ bend and short L in making a
change of direction.
6. A long radius fittings shall be used for horizontal to horizontal or
vertical to horizontal change of direction.
7. Slope or gradient of soil branch pipe.
 Sizing of Soil Branch
EXAMPLE:

What is the size of Soil Branch to serve a 3 battery

of Water Closets?

Refer to Table 1: water closet – 6 fixture units

6 x 3 = 18 units

Refer to Table 2: under one horizontal branch the
pipe size is 75 mm or 3” diameter. But we cannot
use 75 mm diameter for Soil Branch.
Therefore: 100 mm diameter pipe for Soil Branch
National Plumbing Code:
“ Not more than 2 water closets shall
discharge into a 75 mm diameter
horizontal soil branch, house sewer or
house drain.”
Soil Branch Prohibited Fittings and Connections
National Plumbing Code:
Fittings and connections of Soil Pipes provide that:
A. Prohibited Fittings:
1. Double Hub, Double Tee, Double Y branch should not permitted on Soil
Pipes or Horizontal Lines.
2. Drilling and tapping of house drain, soil pipe and waste or Vent pipes and
the use of saddle hubs or bends are strictly prohibited.
B. Dead End Fittings:
Dead End connections in any drainage installation should not be permitted.
This portion will accumulate waste and sludge.

Floor Level W.C.

Waste Pipe

Soil Stack/Pipe
Dead End Soil Branch
4 . House Drain – is that portion of the plumbing system that receives
discharges of all soil and waste stacks within the building and coveys to the
house sewer.
House drain is also called as the Collection Line of a Plumbing System. It can
installed underground of suspended below the floor or inside the ceiling. In high
rise building, house drain is usually suspended from the basement ceiling to
avail of the gravity flow of waste to the Main Sewer.

Four Types of House Drain

a. Combined Drain
b. Sanitary Drain
c. Storm Drain
d. Industrial Drain
a) Combined Drain – this is the oldest type of house drain that received discharges
from sanitary waste and storm water. The combination drains terminates to the
main/public sewer line and this type of house drain is already phase out or not
longer permitted.

b) Sanitary Drain – a type of house drain receives the discharges of sanitary and
domestic waste and directly conveyed to the public sewer or septic tank, by the
house sewer. Storm water is not allowed in the sanitary drain.

c) Strom Drain – Conveys all storm clear water or surface rain water except sanitary
wastes. Strom drain run to the storm sewer line.

d) Industrial Drain – a house drain that receives discharges from industrial

equipment that contain some objectionable acid wastes. This house drain
terminates to a separate drainage basin.
Table 3: Size of Sanitary Drain
Diameter of Pipe Max. No. of Fixture Units that may be connected to
mm. In. 2% slope 3% slope 4% slope
2 1 1/4 1 1 1
38 1 1/2 2 2.5 3
50 2 4 7 8
53 2 1/2 12 13 14
75 3 18 18 21
100 4 84 96 114
125 5 162 216 254
150 6 300 460 600
200 8 990 1392 2200
250 10 1800 2520 3900
300 12 3089 4320 6912
 Sizing of House Drain
Before finding the size of house drain, check first the purpose whether is for Sanitary
Waste or Strom Drain.

a) For sanitary waste, the fixture unit load discharge will be the basis of
computation, Table 1 for reference.
b) For storm drain, the roof area and the major rainfall is the basis to determine
the size of pipe. Refer to Table 6 and Table 7.

National Plumbing Codes provide that:

a) No water closet shall discharge into a drain less than 75 mm or 3” pipe

diameter.
b) No more than two water closets shall be discharge into any 75 mm horizontal
soil branch, house drain or house sewer.
Example:
Determine the size of a Sanitary House Drain to serve 6 water closets, 5 urinals, 5 shower
bath, 6 wash basins, 4 floor drains and 3 combined fixtures.

Refer to Table 1, the fixture Value Units:

6 X 6 water closets ............................... 35 units
5 X 5 urinals ......................................... 25 units
2 X 5 shower bath ................................ 10 units
1 X 6 wash basin .................................. 6 units
1 X 4 floor drain .................................... 4 units
3 X 3 combined fixture ......................... 9 units
TOTAL 90 Fixture Units

Refer to Table 3, under column 2% slope, a 100 mm (4”) pipe could serve 96 fixture units.
For 90 fixture units, specify a 100 mm diameter house drain pipe
Grade or Slope of House Drain:

The House Drain must produce the necessary velocity and discharge capacity at a
certain inclination to attain scouring action.

Recommended is a 2% slope for the house drain. There are instances, where less
than 2% slope was adopted under the following circumstances.
a) When depth of the sewer line in relation with the depth of the basement
floor is low.
b) Long sewer line would require lower pitch but should not be less than 1%
slope.
c) In case the sewer line slope is very tight, installation of the pipe should be
guided by leveling instrument for accuracy to prevent sags or trapped
piping.
House Drain Hardware:
House drain appliances includes the following:

1. House Trap is the main clean out for both inside and outside your home. It is usually
located at the very front of your home or basement. It is U shaped and has 2 clean
out plugs. If the caps are not on properly odors can escape into your house, or waste
water can escape as well. If objects enter your drain pipes, they will usually get
caught inside the belly of the trap, hence the name trap.
2. Back Flow Valve – a mechanical device that
are designed to allow the flow of water in one
direction only: away from your house drain.
The device that is used in sanitary sewer
scenarios works like this:
• The valve is normally in an open position: the "gate"
(or "flap") is open.
• When a backflow condition occurs, floats under the
gate lift up and start to block the backflow.
• If the backflow condition increases, the gate closes
against a gasket and creates a seal which does not
allow water to pass in the backwards direction.
• When the backflow condition ends, the gate falls back down due to gravity and returns to
the open position to allow normal outflow of sewage from the home's plumbing system.
3. Area Drain – An area drain, like its
name seems to apply, collects water
from a specific area. Typically an area
drain is installed for a driveway, back
yard, or in a basement. An area drain can
also be known as a yard drain, driveway
drain, trench drain, or floor drain.
Area Drain for a Basement Stairwell
4. Yard Catch Basin - a receptacle
used to catch surface water drained
from cemented courts, driveways
and yards.

Yard catch Basin at the Open Court

5. Garage Catch Basin – is a device
designed to collect waste from garage,
wash rack, grease pit and repair floors in
to the house drain. Waste coming from
these areas contain objectionable
elements like grease, oil, grit and
gasoline that are detrimental to the
drainage installation as well as the
sewage disposal system.
6. Grease Basin or Grease Trap – is a device
(a type of trap) designed to intercept
most greases and solids before they enter a
wastewater disposal system.

Also known as grease interceptor, grease

recovery device, grease capsule and grease
converter.
7. Sump Pit – is a hole where the drain water
being collected and by itself outflow towards
to the nearest drain, outflow has a slope say 2
% slope.

• Sump Pump is an equipment(e.g.

electric or engine driven pump) install
inside the sump pit, it is located below
the ground ,the function is to pump out
all collected drain water to the nearest
drain outlet, the pump itself has a
complete control systems, to energized
the pump automatically when the water
on high level with sensor inside the
sump pit, and the pump will de
energized when the water on the low SUMP PIT
level.
8. Sewage Ejector pit – is a hole
where the waste water being collected
from a bathroom, laundry room or any
other type of plumbing fixture is
located below the level of the
main sewer or septic line flowing from
the house.

• Sewage Ejector Pump - also

called a pump-up ejector system,
is used pump out the waste from
the Sewage Pit up to the main SEWAGE PIT
sewer line.
5. House Sewer – a horizontal drainage which starts from the outer face of
the building and terminates at the main sewer in the street of septic tank. The
code state that House Sewer is the horizontal drainage system which starts 900
mm. From the outer face of the building. Other term is Building Sewer.

Private Building
Sewer Responsibility Property Line

Subdivision Road

MAIN SEWER

HOUSE SEWER
Pipe Connection

Owner’s Responsibility
House Sewer Connection to House Sewer

Main Sewer:
Sewer Sewer

House sewer is connected to

main sewer by boring a small House Sewer

hole through the concrete

pipe. The hole will receive the
House Sewer
sleeve and connect entering at
Sewer Sewer
45 degrees angle and directly
from the top or higher than
the waste level.
Section of Main Sewer
 General conditions in Installing Sewer Pipes
1. Secure permit from the sewerage authority.
2. Verify the depth of the house drain outlet.
3. Determine the of the connection with the main sewer in the street and the grade of
the house sewer.
4. The depth is found by measuring the length of the longest branch of the house drain
multiplied by the pre-planned.
5. Add the required 30 cm ground covering from the top of concrete floor or 40 cm of
ground covering without concrete floor.
6. Verify the depth of the connection to be made with main sewer. Remove the
manhole cover on both ends and measure the depth.
7. The grade of the house sewer could be found through the difference between house
sewer and the depth of the main sewer.
Size of the house sewer
The old practice is to use 150 mm or 6 inches diameter
cement of vitrified clay pipe. If plastic pipe the diameter can
be reduce to 100 mm diameter.

To consider the total discharges in terms of fixture unit. The

overall lapping of discharges and the simultaneous use of the
fixtures are also included in the calculations.
How to find the slope of house sewer
Apply the formula: HEIGHT OF RISE = LENGTH X %

If the distance is say 24 meters x 2% = 48 meters

To find the slope; % = height / length X 100

% = 48 / 24 = 2%
 BUILDING
UTILITIES -1
Plumbing and Sanitary Systems

Course Code : ARCH 30123

LESSON 4A
STORM DRAINAGE
SYSTEM
6. Storm Drain

– is that unit of plumbing

system that conveys rain or
storm water to a suitable
pipe. Storm water is
normally discharge into
street gutter conveyed by
public drain system and
carried to some natural
drainage like canals, lakes,
rivers and the like.
Splash Pan
Is a collector of water coming down
from the downspout leading the
accumulated water away from
the house.

Catch Basin is a device or

receptacle at the ground which
catches the rain water from the
roof that runs to the downspout.
And drain out to the main storm
water line.
Classification of Storm Drain
1. Inside storm drain
– sometimes located under
the basement floor or
within the wall of the
building. This type of
storm drain is commonly
found in buildings
constructed along the
congested business
district, or building that
occupies the entire lot.
Classification of Storm Drain
2. Outside storm drain
– is installed outside the
foundation wall of the
building. This type of
drainage is possible on
location where the lot is
not totally occupied by the
building.
Classification of Storm Drain
3. Overhead storm drain
– is adopted when the street
drainage is higher in
elevation then the
basement floor of the
building.
 Size of Storm Drain
Size of storm drain is determined under the following consideration:

1. Gauging the rainfall over a given period.

2. Considering the varying roof areas, the slopes and the distance of
water travelled it reaches the conductor of the roof.
3. Water drain faster on high pitch roof.
4. The height of the building, contribute largely to the velocity of water
falling indise the pipe.
5. Use of improper fittings and short offsets that will affect the flow of
water must be avoided.
Table 6 – Size of Storm Drain

Dia. Of pipe Maximum Drained Roof Area

mm 2% slope 3% slope 4% slope
75 114 142 170
100 242 315 388
125 438 566 694
150 700 903 1,105
200 1,463 1,888 2,313
250 2,563 3,309 4.055
300 4,100 5,290 6,480
350 5,576 7,203 8,830
 The conservative estimate of maximum rainfall in the Philippines is
about 20 mm in a 5 minutes interval. Using this data, the approximate
volume of water that will be accumulated on the roof in one minute
can be readily computed using Table 6 , size of storm drain

Example: Determine the size of storm drain of a roof with 2% slope and the
roof size is 20 mts x 30 mts.

Referring to Table 6, under 2% slope

600 sq.m. Is within the limit of 700 sq.m.
Roof Area = 30 mts x 20 mts. = 600 sq.m. Roof area which can be serve by a 150 mm
pipe diameter
Roof Leader – also known as water conductor or downspout either
concealed of exposed type. It connects to the roof terminal to the
storm drain.
Table 7 – Size of Roof Gutter and Roof Leader
Area of roof Gutter top dimension Roof leader diameter
(sq.m.) (mm) (mm)
1 - 10 75 38
11 - 25 100 50
26 - 75 100 75
76 - 165 125 90
166 - 335 150 100
336 - 510 200 125
511 - 900 250 150
EXAMPLE
Determine the size of downspout and gutter required to drain the roof with a
dimension of ROOF A 8 mts x 20 mts ROOF B 10 mts X 20 mts.
Find the area of roof;

Roof A = 8 x 20 = 160 sq.m. Refer to Table 7 – the 160 sq.m. Requires 90

mm diameter

Roof B = 10 x 20 = 200 sq.m. Refer to Table 7 – the 200 sq.m. Requires 100
mm diameter

For the Gutter top : Refer to table 7 – the size of gutter are 125 mm and 150 mm
consider the 150 mm gutter size for both roof A&B