MODULE 3: ONE-TO-ONE AND INVERSE FUNCTION

LESSON 1: One-to-one Function

Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the learner will be able to:
1. Represent real life situation using one-to-one
2. Illustrate one-to-one functions
3. Identify one-to-one functions
4. Illustrate horizontal line test

Activity 1. Answer the following on a short bond paper.

Identify whether each relation represents a function or not?
1. {(1,2), (3,4), (5,6), (7,8), (9,10)}
2. {(3,2), (2,4), (1,6), (5,3), (6,3)}
3. {(2,2), (4,4), (3,2), (3,7), (1,4)}
For 4 & 5 evaluate the following functions at 𝑥 = 3.
4. 𝑓 = 5𝑥 + 3
2𝑥−1
5. 𝑔 =
𝑥+2
Activity 2. Identify whether the given situation represents one-to-one function. Write your answer on a short bond
paper.
1. The relation pairing the LRN to students
2. The relation pairing a real number to its square.
3. {(3,1), (4,2), (3,2), (1,2), (5,4)}
4. {(2,2), (4,4), (3,2), (5,7), (1,4)}
5. {(1,2), (3,4), (5,6), (7,8), (9,10)}

Item numbers 1 and 5 represents a one-to-one function since each student has a unique LRN and
in item number 5, there is no y – value which ispaired with the same x – values.
Item numbers 2 to 4 does not represent a one-to-one function. In item number 3, the value of domain is
repeated (3,1) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (3,2). Also in number 4, it has a y-value that are paired up with two different x-values;
( 2,2 ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ( 3,2 ).
One-to-One Function
The function is one-to-one if for any 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑓, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑓(𝑥1) ≠ 𝑓(𝑥2) .
That is, the same y – value is never paired with two different x – values.
Another way to determine whether a graph represents a one-to-one function is by using the Horizontal
Line Test and Vertical Line Test.
Horizontal Line Test is a test used a determine a one-to-one function. All one- to-one functions satisfy
both the vertical and horizontal line tests.
A graph showing the plot of y= x 2 + 2 fails the horizontal line test If any vertical line and horizontal line
intersects the graph at most 1 point, then the graph is a graph of a one- to-one function. The graph of y = x3
passes the horizontal line test.

𝑦 = 𝑥2 + 2
𝑦 = 𝑥3
Not a one-to-one function
One-to-one function
Activity 3. Which of the following relation is a one-to-one function? Write your answers on a short bond
paper.
a. {(0,0),(1.1),(2,8),(3,27),(4,64)}
b. {(-2,4),(-1,1),(0,0),(1,1),(2,4)}
c. {(0,4),(1,5),(2,6),(3,7),..(n,n+4),…}
d. Height to student
e. Person to telephone number
f. Height to age
g. Birthdate of a family member

Activity 4: Question and Answer

Directions: Answer the questions briefly. Write your answers on a short bond paper.

1. What is a One-to-One Function?

2. How to identify a one-to-one function?
3. What is horizontal line test?
4. What is vertical line test?
5. How will we know that a given graph is a graph of a one-to-one function?

Activity 5. Answer as indicated. Write your answers on a short bond paper.

1. Write your own example of a one-to-one function and represent in terms ofordered pairs, graph, and
table of values.
2. Why do we need to study about one-to-one function?
LESSON 2: Inverse of a One-to-one Function
Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the learner will be able to:
1. Illustrate the inverse of a one-to-one functions
2. Solve the inverse of a one-to-one functions
3. State the properties of inverse functions

Activity 1. Identify whether the given situation represents one-to-one function or Not.

1. Sim cards to cellphone numbers

2. Pairing of airports to airport code
3. The function of 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑥2
4. {(1,2), (1/2,3), (1/3,4), (1/4,5), (1/5,6)}
5. {(2,1), (1,3), (4,8), (5,7), (6,9)}
6.

7.

Activity 2. Match the following one-to-one function to its inverse. Write your answers on a short bond paper.

A B

1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 1 a. 𝑦 =

2. 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥3 − 2 b. 𝑦 =

3. 𝑓(𝑥) = c. 𝑦 = 3√(𝑥 + 2)
𝑥−1
4. f(x) = x2+4x-2 d. 𝑦 =
3

Inverse of a One-to-One Function

Let f be a one-to-one function with domain A and a range B. The inverse of 𝑓 denoted by f-1 is a
function with a domain B and a range A defined by f-1(y) = x, if and only if f(x) = y , for any y in B.
Only one-to-one function has an inverse. If a function f is not one-to-one, properly defining an inverse
function f-1 will be problematic. For example, suppose that f(1) = 5 and f(3) = 5. If f -1 exists, then f-1 (5) has to
be both 1 and 3, and this prevents f-1 from being a valid function. This is the reason why the inverse is only defined
for one-to-one functions.
In the previous activity, we can find the inverse of a function by following the given steps.
(a) Write the function in the form y = f(x);
(b) Interchange the x and y variables;
(c) Solve for y in terms of x
In Item number 1, to find the inverse of𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 +1, we have these step by stepsolutions:
a. The equation of the function is 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 1
b. Interchange the x and y variables: 𝑥 = 3𝑦 + 1
c. Solve for y in terms of x: 𝑥 = 3𝑦 + 1
𝑥 − 1 = 3𝑦
𝑥−1
=𝑦
3
𝑥−1
Therefore, the inverse of 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 1 𝑖𝑠 𝑓 −1 =
3
In item number 2, the given is 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 2, solving for its inverse, we have
𝑦 = 𝑥3 − 2
𝑥 = 𝑦3 − 2
𝑥 + 2 = 𝑦3
3
𝑦 = √𝑥 + 2
Therefore, the inverse of 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 2 is 𝑔−1 (𝑥) = 3√(𝑥 + 2).
Using the same steps, the resulting inverse of 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 2 is not one-to-one since it is a quadratic
function and the graph is a parabola that opens upward. This implies that these function fails the horizontal line
test. Thus, it has no inverse.
In item number 4, the given function y=x2+4x-2 is not one-to one since it is a quadratic function and the
graph is a parabola that opens upward. This implies that these function fails the horizontal line test. Thus, it has no
inverse.
Property of an inverse of a one-to-one function
Given a one-to-one function 𝑓(𝑥) and its inverse f-1(x), then the following are true:
(a) The inverse of f-1(x) is f(x).
(b) f(f-1(x))=x for all x in the domain of f-1.
(c) f -1(f(x))=x for all x in the domain of f.
For the second and third properties above, it can be imagined that evaluating a function and its inverse in
succession is like reversing the effect of the function. For example, the inverse of a function that multiplies 3 to a
number and adds 1 is a function thatsubtracts 1 and then divides the result by 3.

Activity 3. Apply the steps in solving the inverse of a one-to-one function? Write your answers on a short
bond paper.
1
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = − 𝑥 + 1
3
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 1
3𝑥−1
3. 𝑔(𝑥) =
2𝑥+3
Activity 4: Question and Answer
Directions: Answer the questions briefly. Write your answers on a short bond paper.
1. What is an inverse function?
2. How to identify an inverse of a one-to-one function?
3. What are the steps in solving the inverse of a one-to-one function?
4. State the properties of an inverse function. Write your answers on a separatesheet of paper.
Activity 5. Give the inverse of the following functions if it exists? Write your answers on a short bond
paper.
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = |5𝑥|
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 4
2𝑥−1
3. 𝑔(𝑥) =
3𝑥+4
LESSON 3: Graphs of an Inverse Functions
Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the learner will be able to:
1. Represent an inverse function through its table of values and graph
2. Find the domain and range of an inverse function
3. Solve problems involving inverse functions

Activity 1.
A. Make a table of values representing the following functions when x ranges from -2 to 3. Draw the graph.
1. 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 3
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 1
1
3. 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥
B. Give the inverse of the functions in A.
Graphs of an inverse function
First, we need to ascertain that the given graph corresponds to a one-to-one function by applying the
horizontal line test. If it passes the test, the corresponding function is one-to-one.
In the preceding activity, the graph of the inverse of 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 1 is shown below.

𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 1

𝑥−1
𝑓 −1 (𝑥) =
2

Domain of f-1 (x) ; 𝐷 = { 𝑥 є 𝑅 | − 3 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4}

Range of f-1 (x) ; 𝑅 = { 𝑦 є 𝑅 | − 2 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 1.5}
In the same manner, the graph of the inverse of g-1 (x) = x3 – 1 is shown below.

x3 – 1

3
√𝑥 + 1

Domain of g-1 (x) ; D = {x/-2 ≥ x ≥ 2}

Range of g -1 (x) ; R = all real numbers
Given the graph of a one-to-one function, the graph of its inverse can beobtained by reflecting
the graph about the line y = x.
The domain and range of the inverse function can be determined byinspection of the graph.
Table summary,
ƒ(x) ƒ-1(x)
Domain {x є R |-2 ≤ x ≤ 1.5} { x є R |-3≤ x ≤ 4}
Range { y є R |-3≤ y ≤ 4} { y є R |-2≤ y ≤ 1.5}
g(x) g -1(x)
Domain All real numbers {x/-2 ≥ x ≥ 2}
Range {y/-2 ≥ y ≥ 2} All real numbers

Solving Problems Involving Inverse Function

We can apply the concepts of inverse functions in solving word problemsinvolving reversible
processes.
Example:
You asked a friend to think of a nonnegative number, add two to the number, square the number, multiply
the result by 3 and divide the result by 2.
If the result is 54, what is the original number? Construct an inverse function that will provide the original
number if theresult is given. https://www.scribd.com/document/413943141/Gen-Math-Pre-Test
Questions:
1. What are your ideas in solving this problem?
2. In what part of the problem makes you difficult in arriving the answer?
3. Is the problem easy? Why?

We first construct the function that will compute the final number based on theoriginal number.
Following the instructions, we come up with this function:
3(𝑥 + 2)2
2
3
𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 2)2 ∗ ( )
2
The graph is shown below, on the left. This is not a one-to-one function because the graph does not satisfy
the horizontal line test. However, the instruction indicated that the original number must be nonnegative. The
domain of the function must thus be restricted tox ≥ 0, and its graph is shown on the right, below.

The function with restricted domain x ≥ 0 is then a one-to-one function, andwe can find its inverse.
3(𝑥+2)2 3(𝑦+2)2
Interchange the x and y variables: 𝑥 = ,𝑦 ≥ 0. Solve for y in terms of x: 𝑥 = .
2 2
2𝑥
= (𝑦 + 2)2
3
2𝑥
√ = 𝑦+2
3
√2𝑥
Since 𝑦 ≥ 2, we do not need to consider the negative value of
3
 2𝑥 2𝑥 2𝑥
√ − 2 = 𝑦 → 𝑦 = √ − 2 → 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = √ − 2
3 3 3
Finally, we evaluate the inverse function at 𝑥 = 54 to determine the original number
2(54) 108
𝑓 −1 (54) = √ − 2=√ − 2 = √36 − 2 = 6 − 2 = 4 the original number is 4.
3 3

Activity 2. Do the following on a short bond paper.

1
1. Find the invers of 𝑓(𝑥) = using its given graph.
𝑥

5𝑥−1
2. Consider the rational function 𝑓(𝑥) = whose graph is shown below.
−𝑥+2

a. Find its domain and range.

b. Find the graph of its inverse.
c. Find the domain and range of its inverse.

Activity 3. Read the problem carefully and write your answer on a short bond paper.

1. A function is said to be a one-to-one function if .

A. The function ƒ is one-to-one if for any x1, x2 in the domain of f, then f(x1) = f(x2)
B. the y-value is paired with two different x-values
C. The function ƒ is one-to-one if for any x1, x2 in the domain of f, then f(x1) ≠ f(x2)
D. Two x-values are paired with 2 y-values

2. Which of the following belong to one-to-one function?

E. People to their birthdays
F. People to their place of residence
 G. People to their GSIS number
H. People to their first name

3. Determine which of the graph describe a one-to-one function?

A. C.

B. D.

4. What is the collection of input values in a function called?

I. Ordered pair C. Domain
J. Range D. Y-values

5. Which of the following map describe a one-to-one function?

A. C.

B. D.

7𝑥+2
For numbers 7 to 12. Given the function of 𝑔(𝑥) = .
3𝑥−4
7. Find the domain of a function.

A. {x є R | x ≠ -3/4 } C.{x є R | x ≠ 7/3}

B. {x є R | x ≠ 4/3 } D. {x є R | x ≠ 3/7}

8. Find the range of a function.

A. {y є R | y ≠ -3/4 } C.{y є R | y ≠ 7/3}
B. {y є R | y ≠ 4/3 } D. {y є R | y ≠ 3/7}

9. Find the domain of an inverse function.

A. {x є R | x ≠ -3/4 } C.{x є R | x ≠ 7/3}
B. {x є R | x ≠ 4/3 } D. {x є R | x ≠ 3/7}

10. Find the range of an inverse function.

A. {y є R | y ≠ -3/4 } C.{y є R | y ≠ 7/3}
B. {y є R | y ≠ 4/3 } D. {y є R | y ≠ 3/7}

11. Find the vertical asymptotes of inverse function.

A. ¾ C. 7/3
 B. 4/3 D. 3/7

12. Find the horizontal asymptotes of inverse function.

A. ¾ C. 7/3
B. 4/3 D. 3/7

14. Which of the graph illustrate a one-to-one .

K. C.

B. D.

15. Which of the graph illustrate a one-to-one function using horizontal line test?

A. C.

B. D.