Policy-Making Process and Economic Policy Analysis;

and Samples of Fundamental Policies and its

Implementation
(Session 7)

= POLICY-MAKING PROCESS =
 Public Policy - is a government action to achieve a certain goal in addressing social
problem that are of major public interest.

THREE (3) MAJOR TYPES OF PUBLIC POLICY

1. Regulatory Public Policy is conceived to preserve orderliness in a community by prohibiting

behaviours perceived negatively by the general society.

2. Distributive Public Policy provides incentives to citizens groups or corporations to

encourage them and inherently provide positive economic impacts.
3. Redistributive Public Policy is purposely created to promote equality .

THE POLICY-MAKING PROCESS

1. Agenda Setting - includes the manner in which problems get conceptualized and brought to
the government for solution
2. Policy Formulation – At this stage, the public administration concerned examines the
various policy options it considers to be possible solutions
3. Adoption - the stage during which decisions are made at the governmental level, resulting in
a decision that favors one or more approaches to addressing a given problem.
4. Implementation - At this stage, the policy’s implementation parameters are established,
which can directly affect the eventual outcome of the policy.
5. Evaluation - This is the stage during which a policy is evaluated, to verify whether its
implementation and its effects are aligned with the objectives that were explicitly or implicitly
set out.
 POLICY-MAKING BODIES

National Economic Development Authority (NEDA)

- The highest policymaking body
- For socio-economic policies
- (includes education and manpower development, social welfare and community
development, health and nutrition, and housing);

National Security Council (NSC)

- For national security and defense concerns

Legislative Executive Development Advisory Council

(LEDAC)
- For general legislative agendas

Samples of Fundamental Policies and their

implementation

 DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT (DRRM)

Policy Cycle

Policy * Translation of policy objectives into specific implementing guidelines covering various sectors
Formulation (education, health) , levels of implementation (national and local governments and communities)
and the multi-sector participants and stakeholders (private/NGO conduits, development agencies
* Monitoring and evaluation framework and mechanics
* Accountability mechanisms (systems, processes, institutions, fiscal, etc)
Policy Adoption * Clarification of mandates/roles/deliverables of concerned public institutions andprivate/non-public
actors/participants
* Monitoring and evaluation framework and mechanics
* Accountability mechanisms (systems, processes, institutions, fiscal, etc)

Policy Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) – Focus on integrated priorities for action towards
Implementation disaster risk reduction – a) disaster preparedness; b) risk assessment; c) vulnerability reduction;
d) knowledge management and, e) governance Inter-agency National Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Council (NDRRMC) with defined roles for government agencies, local governments,
civil society, private sector and the affected local communities Policy

Policy Evaluation Evaluation of policies, processes and institutional roles reiterated in the light of recent disasters
that highlighted readiness and coordination challenges between national and local governments

 Conditional Cash Transfer Guidelines (Pantawid Pamilya Program)

Policy Cycle

Policy Formulation Translation of policy objectives into specific implementing guidelines covering various sectors
(education, health) , levels of implementation (national and local governments and
communities) and the multi-sector participants and stakeholders (private/NGO conduits,
development agencies

Policy Adoption • Clarification of mandates/roles/deliverables of concerned public institutions and

private/non-public actors/participants

• Monitoring and evaluation framework and mechanics

• Accountability mechanisms (systems, processes, institutions, fiscal, etc)

Policy • Local constraints and realities – database/documentation and ICT concerns
Implementation
• Location/distance concerns relative to disbursements, tracking, monitoring

• Political and community considerations relative to selection, verification,

transparency and accountability

• Creativity and Innovation in handling/managing challenges

• Public Communications (systems, processes, institutions, fiscal, etc)

Policy Evaluation • Local constraints and realities – database/documentation and ICT concerns

• Location/distance concerns relative to disbursements, tracking, monitoring

• Political and community considerations relative to selection, verification,

transparency and accountability

• Creativity and Innovation in handling/managing challenges

• Public Communications

HOW A BILL BECOMES LAW (sample)

Salary Standardization Law of 2019
Long Title - AN ACT MODIFYING THE SALARY SCHEDULE FOR CIVILIAN
GOVERNMENT PERSONNEL AND AUTHORIZING THE GRANT OF ADDITIONAL BENEFITS,
AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
 Scope – National
Status - Approved by the President of the Philippines
(01/08/2020)

Subject (s) - • Salary Standardization • Government Employees

Primary Committee - • Civil Service • Government Reorganization •
Professional Regulation

Secondary Committee - • Finance

Sponsor - • Revilla Jr., Ramon Bong
Co-sponsors - • Hontiveros, Risa • Gordon, Richard
- LEGISLATIVE HISTORY –
Entitled:

AN ACT MODIFYING THE SALARY SCHEDULE FOR CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT PERSONNEL

AND AUTHORIZING THE GRANT OF ADDITIONAL BENEFITS, AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES

1ST Regular Session

[2019]
December 9, 2019
◦ Prepared and submitted jointly by the Committees on CIVIL SERVICE, GOVERNMENT
REORGANIZATION AND PROFESSIONAL REGULATION AND FINANCE with Senators
RALPH RECTO, CHRISTOPHER LAWRENCE GO, JOEL VILLANUEVA, JUAN MIGUEL
 ZUBIRI, RAMON BONG REVILLA JR., & SONNY ANGARA as authors per Committee
Report No. 26, recommending its approval in substitution of SB Nos. 49, 200, 1006
and 1136.

December 10, 2019

• Committee Report calendared for Ordinary Business

• Sponsor: Senator Ramon Bong Revilla Jr.

• Transferred from the Calendar for Ordinary Business to the Calendar for Special Order

• Sponsorship speech delivered by Senator Ramon Bong Revilla Jr.

•Co-sponsorship speech delivered by Senators Ralph Recto, Joel Villanueva,

Christopher Lawrence Go, Sonny Angara, Richard Gordon and Risa Hontiveros

• Interpellation of Senator Franklin Drilon

December 16, 2019

• Letter of Senator Cynthia Villar dated December 16, 2019, conveying her intention to
be made co-author of SBN-1219

• Interpellation of Senator Franklin Drilon

• Period of Interpellation closed

• Period of Committee Amendments closed

• Approved on Second Reading with amendments

• Approved on Third Reading

• In favor: (21) Senators Sonny Angara, Ma. Lourdes Nancy Binay, Pia Cayetano, Ronal
Dela Rosa, Win Gatchalian, Christopher Lawrence Go, Richard Gordon, Risa Hontiveros,
Panfilo Lacson, Manuel Lapid, Imee Marcos, Emmanuel Pacquaio, Francis Pangilinan,
Aquilino Pimentel III, Grace Poe, Ralph Recto, Vicente Sotto, Francis Tolentino, Joel
Villanueva, Cynthia Villar and Juan Miguel Zubiri

• Against: None

• Abstention: (1) Franklin M. Drilon

December 18, 2019

• Sent to the House of Representatives requesting for concurrence
 • House of Representative concurred with SBN-1219

December 23, 2019

• Letter from Senate Secretary Myra Marie Villarica dated December 23, 2019,
transmitting nine (9) enrolled copies of SBN-1219 which was passed by the Senate on
December 16, 2019 and HBN-5712 which was passed by the House of Representatives
on December 18, 2019, for the signature of Speaker Alan Peter Cayetano and Secretary
General Jose Luis Montales.

• Letter for Senate Secretary Myra Marie Villarica dated December 23, 2019, returning
eight (8) enrolled copies of the consolidated version of SBN-1219 and HBN-5712, which
were signed by Speaker Alan Peter Cayetano and Secretary General Jose Luis Montales.

December 26, 2019

• Enrolled copies of the consolidated version of SBN-1219 and HBN-5712, sent to the
Office of the President for signature and approval of His Excellency , President Rodrigo
Roa Duterte

January 14, 2020

• Approved and signed into law by the President of the Philippines, His excellency,
President Rodrigo Roa Duterte on January 8, 2020 and became…

• REPUBLIC ACT NO. 11466

President’s Action:
◦ Approved by the President
◦ Republic Act:
◦ RA No. 11466
 ◦ An act Modifying the Salary Schedule for
Civilian Government Personnel and
Authorizing the Grant of Additional
Benefits, and for other Purposes
◦ Date received by the President:
◦ December 26, 2019
◦ Date signed by the President:
◦ January 8, 2020