FEEDBACK & CONTROL

SYSTEMS
Module 2 – MODELING IN
FREQUENCY DOMAIN
 SUBTOPIC # 1
ELECTRICAL NETWORK
TRANSFER FUNCTION
A transfer function is a mathematical representation of
the relation between the input and output of a (linear
time-invariant) system.
C ( s ) = R( s )G ( s )
• Find the Transfer function
represented by:
• Given G(s) = 1 / s+2 , find the response c(t) to an input
r(t) = u(t), a unit step assuming zero initial conditions.
• Find the system
differential equation
• Voltage-current, voltage-charge, and impedance
relationships for capacitors, resistors, and inductors

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System Engineering. Wesley & Sons, 6th Edition
 INDUCTOR
RESISTOR CAPACITOR

CdVc (t ) di(t )
V (t ) = I(t )R i(t ) = e(t ) = L
dt dt
V (s) = I(s)R i(s ) = CsVc (s ) − CVc c (0 ) e(s ) = Lsi(s ) − Li(0 )
V (s) Vc (s )
z= =R 1 e(s)
I(s) z=
i(s )
= z= = Ls
Cs i(s)
• Find the transfer function
relating to the capacitor
voltage VC(s) to the input
voltage, V(s)

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System Engineering. Wesley & Sons, 6th Edition
 Vo(s)
Find
Vi(s)
Output Response – It is the sum of two responses: the
force response and the natural response
 i 2 (s)
Find
Vi (s)
• Find the transfer function
I2(s) / V(s) via mesh analysis

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System Engineering. Wesley & Sons, 6th Edition
• Block Diagram of Transfer
Function

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System Engineering. Wesley & Sons, 6th Edition
• Find the transfer function,
Vc(s) / V(s) using nodal
analysis

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System Engineering. Wesley & Sons, 6th Edition
(2s + 1) I1 ( s) − (2s + 1) I 2 ( s) − I 3 ( s) = V ( s)
− (2s + 1) I1 ( s) + (9s + 1) I 2 ( s) − 4sI 3 ( s) = 0
 1
− I1 ( s) − 4sI 2 ( s) +  4s + 1 +  I 3 ( s) = 0
 s

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System Engineering. Wesley & Sons, 6th Edition
The poles of a transfer function are
• The value of the Laplace transform variable s that
cause the Laplace transform to be infinite
• Any roots of the denominator of the transfer function
that are the common roots of the numerator.
• Find the Transfer function
G(s) = VL(s) / V(S) for the
network in the figure given
VL(s) = sI2(s)

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System Engineering. Wesley & Sons, 6th Edition
Find the transfer function G(s)
= VL(s) / V(s) for the circuit
using where : VL(s) = sI2(s)
a)Mesh Analysis
b)Nodal Analysis

Image retrieved from Nise, Norman(2011 ). Control

System Engineering. Wesley & Sons, 6th Edition
•Nise, Norman(2011 ). Control System Engineering.
Wesley & Sons, 6th Edition
•Distefano et.al(2014)Schaum’s Outline of Feedback
and Control Systems, 2nd Edition
•Dorf, Richard C. & Bishop Robert H. (2010) Modern
Control Systems 12th Edition