An Experiment On Ground Water by Geo Physical Investigations

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AN 

EXPERIMENT ON GROUND WATER
EXPLORATION BY GEO PHYSICAL
INVESTIGATIONS
                                                        Tellapa   Venkata Pravinay  ‐17BF5A0113
                                                        Vundela  Rajeswari                ‐17BF5A0115
                                                        Ramise y Nagesh                  ‐16BF1A0137
                                                        K C Raveena                             ‐17BF5A0103
                                                        S M Reddy Hrithik                  ‐16BF1A0138
                                                        Kokhola Rajesh                       ‐17BF5A0105
 
Under The Guidence Of   C.SASIDHAR
 
CONTENTS

• Introduc on
• Importance of ground water
• Importance of Geophysical methods
• Applica ons of Geophysical methods
• Classifica on of Geophysical methods
• Journals on an experiment of ground water by
Geophysical methods
INTRODUCTION
• Ground water is an 
 
invisible natural
source, the under
ground water that’s
occurs in the
saturated zone of
variable thickness
and depth, below the
earth’s surface.
• A unit of rock or an
unconsolidated
deposit is called an 
aquifer.
C0NTINUED

• Ground water is also o en withdrawn for
agricultural , muncipal and industrial use by
construc ng and opera ng extrac on wells .
• The study of ground water is hydrogeology ,
also called ground water hydrology.
• The ground water is not uniformly distributed
everywhere, the occurrence of ground water
is varies from forma on to forma on.
 
 
CONTINUED

                          Renewable resource
• Ground water is a renewable source and its gets
replenished a er every rainfall, this is called as “Rainfall
recharge”.
• The upper level of this saturated layer of an unconfined
aquifer is called the “water table or phrea c surface.”
• Con nuous recharge of water leads to lowering the
water table, when there is non‐availability of resources.
 
 
         EXPLORING THE GROUND WATER
• It is iden fying the loca on of ground water
availability .
• It requires a basic informa on about the
subsurface geological setup.
• Ground water explora on is a empted by
either direct or indirect methods.
• Since the last two centuries, there are more and
more techniques are developed to explore the
ground water.
• There are classified into surface and sub‐surface
methods.
                        SURFACE METHODS
• Surface methods are conducted on above the earth
surface, these methods are easy to operate and
implement than the sub‐surface methods.
• This includes several methods for ground water
explora on  like Remote sensing techniques ,
geomorphologic methods etc.,
 
                        SUB‐SURFACE METHODS
• The sub‐surface methods are
                 1)Electrical resis vity methods
                      a)Ver cal electrical sounding and
                      b)Electrical profiling
                 2)Gravity method
                 3)Magne c methods and
                 4)Seismic methods etc.,
           ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITYMETHODS
• The purpose of electrical surveys is to determine the
sub‐surface resis vity.
• The ground resis vity is related to various geological
such as minerals , porosity , degree of water
satura on etc.,
• In this two current and poten al electrodes are used
to fine the apparent resis vity value,

          Ver cal electrical sounding
• This method is used to determine the
resis vity varia on with respect to the depth.
• In this , we are assumed the subsurface
consists of horizontal layers.
• In this the sounding curves are used.
               The apparent resis vity  pa = KR
• This doesn’t give the true resis vity .
• This is obtained by the log‐log graph.
 
 
 
 
 
Electrical resis vity values

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