DESIGN

The workings of the dimmer circuits is guided by the optocoupler and MOSFET. It
is designed to used be used as a regulator of light intensity. It is made to be
controlled by the microcontroller. Its workings begin from ths D1(IN4007),load
resistors R3 and capacitors C1 that are connected to form a rectifier.R3 acts as a
current limiter after going through D1 with a value of around 1.5 amperes.Voltqge
of C1 is set to a maximum value of 10V by resistors R4 and R5. Capacitors C2 and
diodes D1 are used for supply of optocoupler voltage. Optocoupler and R6
function as a channel PWM pulses from the signal generator to control the gate of
the MOSFET. R3 is used as a protective for LED on the optocoupler by limiting the
current.

In this cir unit the MOSFETs primary function in this circuit is to control
conductivity or how much electricity can flow between its source and drain
terminals based on the amount of voltage applied to its gate terminal.

The IRF380A is a fast switching high voltage N channel MOSFET with a low on
state resistance. The MOSFET has a maximum drain to source voltage of 500V.
The MOSFET will have a drain to source internal resistance of 1.5ohms when
triggered with a 10V gate voltage.

It operates in an enhancement mode. Here a MOSFET in a diode bridge is used to

control the voltage across the lamp with pulse width modulation.
OPTOCOUPLER 4N35
It is an optocoupler for general purposes applications.it consists of gallium
arsenide infrared LED and a silicon NPN phototransistor. When the input signal is
applied to the LED in the input terminal, the LED lights up. After receiving the light
signal, the light receiver then converts it into electrical signal and outputs the
signal directly or after amplifying it into standard digital level. Thus the transition
and transmission of electricity light electricity is completed. Since light is the
media of transmission meaning the input terminal and output ones are isolated
electrically. Optocoupler does is to break the connection between the signal
source and signal receiver so as to stop electrical interference.

BLUETOOTH HC 06

Bluetooth is a wireless communication protocol that works on 2.4 GHz radio

frequency to exchange data on mobile devices such as PDAs, laptops, mobile
phones, etc.1. One example of the most widely used Bluetooth module is the HC-
06 type. Bluetooth HC-06 module is one of the Bluetooth modules that can be
found in the market at a relatively cheap price. The HC-06 Bluetooth module
consists of 6 pin connectors, which each connector pin has a different
function[11]. For images of Bluetooth modules can be seen in Figure below

Bluetooth HC-06 functions as the second controller, if the smartphone application

is connected to the HC-06 Bluetooth module, then the light intensity can be
adjusted to the user's needs.
Arduino UNO microcontroller

Addition of additional components in the form of Arduino UNO as a

microcontroller will send PWM output signals as traffic light brightness control,
LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) functions as the first light controller when the LDR
finds the room feels dark the lights will automatically increase the intensity the
brightness is light.
CONSTRUCTION
Currently the circuit relies on the zener diode to keep the voltage on the gate of
the MOSFET at acceptable limits while the voltage swinging between 0 volts and
full peak

At peak the rectified voltage is

230×1.4=330v

The average rectified voltage is

230×0.9=207v

If the smoothing effect of the capacitor is forgotten for a while and presuming the
optocoupler to be fully open the average voltage on the capacitor would be
22/88×207=52volts and in peak 22/88×330=83volts. This is not because of the
zener diode and due to the fact that the MOSFET will short the voltage.

If the optocoupler is not in saturation and its impedance is infinite the capacitor
c1 would charge upto full rectified voltage if not for the zener diode. On average
3mA will flow through the resistors connected in series.