ESCANILLA, CRISTINE D.

BSN 1Y1 -6 ANAPHY

Identify the skeletal muscles of the Human body.

A. Head and neck muscles

Name Origin Insertion Action

Platysma Directly from the skin Base of mandible, Depresses mandible

overlying the regions skin of buccal/cheek and angle of mouth,
above and below the region, lower lip, tenses skin of lower
clavicle, passing modiolus, orbicularis face and anterior
superiorly to insert on oris muscle. neck.
to the skin overlying
the region of the
lower jaw.

Sternocleidomastoid Two heads from the Lateral surface of *Bilateral contraction

medial clavicle and mastoid process, - atlantooccipital
the sternum. lateral half of joint/ superior
superior nuchal line. cervical spine:
head/neck extension;
inferior cervical
vertebrae: neck
flexion;
sternoclavicular joint:
elevation of clavicle
and manubrium of
sternum.

*Unilateral
contraction - Cervical
spine: Neck ipsilateral
flexion, Neck
contralateral rotation.

Subclavius Costal cartilage, Anteroinferior Sternoclavicular joint:

Sternal end of rib 1 Surface of medial Anchors and
third of clavicle depresses clavicle.
Mylohyoid Mylohyoid line of Mylohyoid raphe, forms floor of oral
mandible body of hyoid bone cavity, elevates hyoid
bone and floor of
mouth, depresses
mandible

Geniohyoid Inferior mental spine Body of hyoid bone It elevates and draws
(Inferior genial hyoid bone anteriorly.
tubercle)

Orbicularis oculi Medial orbital Inserts into the skin *Palpebral part –
margin, the medial around the margin of gently closes the
palpebral ligament, the orbit, and the eyelids.
and the lacrimal superior and inferior
*Lacrimal part –
bone. tarsal plates.
involved in the
drainage of tears.

*Orbital part – tightly

closes the eyelids.

Temporalis Temporal lines and Coronoid process and Elevation, retraction,

temporal fossa of anterior border of and lateral and
cranium. mandibular ramus. medial excursion of
the mandible.

Procerus Nasal bone Lower medial Contraction of this

forehead. muscle pulls the
eyebrows downward
to produce transverse
wrinkles over the
nose.
Orbicularis Oris Arises from the Inserts into the skin Purses the lips.
maxilla and from the and mucous
other muscles of the membranes of the
cheek. lips.

Corrugator Supercilii Originates from the Inserts into the skin Acts to draw the
superciliary arch, of the eyebrow. eyebrows together,
running in a creating vertical
superolateral wrinkles on the
direction. bridge of the nose.

B. Trunk muscles

Name Origin Insertion Action

Pectoralis major This muscle has three At the crest of greater Variety of arm
heads giving it three tubercle of the movements, such as
points of origin: humerus. adduction, internal
rotation, flexion and
*Clavicular head -
extension. It also
originates from the
draws the scapula
anterior surface of
anteroinferiorly.
the clavicle (medial
half).

*Sternocostal head -
originates from the
anterior surface of
the sternum and
costal cartilages of
ribs 1-6.

*Abdominal (rectus)
head - originates from
the anterior layer of
the rectus sheath.
 Name Origin Insertion Action

Pectoralis minor Originates from the At the medial border

anterior aspect of ribs and coracoid process
3-5 and their costal of the scapula, pulling
cartilages. it anteriorly and
inferiorly on the
thoracic wall.

Subclavious From the sternal end Inserts onto the It anchors and
of the first rib and its middle third of the depresses the
costal cartilage. clavicle on its clavicle. This muscle
anteroinferior aspect. also protects the
subclavian vessels
and the brachial
plexus which pass
deep to it.

C. Arm/Shoulder muscles

Name Origin Insertion Action

Brachialis Anterior surface of Coronoid process and Prime mover of elbow

distal half of tuberosity of ulna. flexion.
humerus.

Biceps Brachii Long head-superior Tuberosity of radius; Rapid or forceful

margin of glenoid fascia of forearm. supination of
cavity; Short head- forearm; synergist in
coracoid process. elbow flexion; slight
shoulder flexion;
tendon of long head
stabilizes shoulder by
holding humeral head
against glenoid cavity.

Triceps brachii *Long head-inferior Olecranon; fascia of Extends elbow; long

margin of glenoid forearm. head extends and
cavity and joint adducts humerus
 Name Origin Insertion Action

capsule;

*Lateral head-
posterior surface of
proximal end of
humerus;

*Medial head-
posterior surface of
entire humeral shaft.

Brachioradialis Lateral supracondylar Lateral surface of Flexes elbow.

ridge of humerus. radius near styloid
process.

Subscapularis Subscapular fossa of Lesser tubercle of Modulates action of

scapula. humerus; anterior deltoid, preventing
surface of joint humeral head from
capsule. sliding upward as arm
is abducted; rotates
humerus medially.

Flexor Carpi Radialis Medial epicondyle of Base of metacarpals Flexes wrist

humerus. II-II. anteriorly; aids in
radial flexion of wrist.

Extensor Carpi Lateral supracondylar Base of metacarpal II. Extends wrist; aids in
Radialis Longus ridge of humerus. radial flexion of wrist.

D. Hip/ thigh/ leg muscles

Name Origin Insertion Action

Iliacus Iliac crestand fossa; Lesser trochanter and Flexes thigh at

superolateral region of nearby shaft of femur. hip when trunk is
 Name Origin Insertion Action

. sacrum; anterior fixed; flexes trunk

sacroiliac and iliolumbar at hip when thigh
ligaments. is fixed, as in
bending forward
in a chair or
setting up in bed;
balances trunk
during sitting.

Gluteus maximus Posterior gluteal line of Gluteus medius Extends thigh at

ilium, on posterior hip as in stair
surface from iliac crest climbing (rising to
to posterior superior next step) or
spine; coccyx; posterior running and
surface of lower sacrum. walking
(backswing of
limb); abducts
thigh; elevates
trunk after
stooping;
prevents trunk
from pitching
forward during
walking and
running; helps
stabilize femur on
tibia.

Gluteus medius Most of lateral surface Greater trochanter of Abduct and

of ilium between crest femur. medially rotate
and acetabulum. thigh; during
walking, shift
weight of trunk
toward limb with
 Name Origin Insertion Action

foot on the
ground as other
foot is lifted;

Gluteus minimus Most of lateral surface Greater trochanter of Abduct and

of ilium between crest femur. medially rotate
and acetabulum. thigh; during
walking, shift
weight of trunk
toward limb with
foot on the
ground as other
foot is lifted.

Quadratus Femoris Ischial tuberosity. Intertrochanteric crest of Laterally rotates

femur. thigh.

Rectus femoris Ilium at anterior inferior Quadriceps femoris. Extends knee;

spine and superior flexes thigh at
margin of acetabulum; hip; flexes trunk
capsule of hip joint. on hip if thigh is
fixed.
 Name Origin Insertion Action

Biceps femoris Long head-ischial Head of fibula. Flexes knee;

tuberosity; Short head- extends hip;
linea aspera and lateral elevates trunk
supracondylar line of from stooping
femur. posture; laterally
rotates tibia on
femur when knee
is flexed; laterally
rotates femur
when hip is
extended;
counteracts
forward bending
at hips.

Gastrocnemius Condyles, popliteal Calcaneus Plantar flexes

surface, and lateral foot, flexes knee;
supracondylar line of active in walking,
femur; capsule of knee running and
joint. jumping.

Soleus Posterior surface of Calcaneus Plantar flexes

head and proximal one- foot; steadies leg
fourth of fibula; middle on ankle during
one-third of tibia; standing.
interosseous
membrane.

Popliteus Lateral condyle of Posterior surface of upper Rotates tibia

femur; lateral meniscus tibia. medially on
and joint capsule. femur if femur is
fixed (as in sitting
down), or rotates
femur laterally on
Name Origin Insertion Action

tibia if tibia is
fixed (as in
standing up);
unlocks knee to
allow flexion;
may prevent
forward
dislocation of
femur during
crouching.