KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA

Andrews Ganj, New Delhi

INVESTIGATORY PROJECT REPORT

Physics
In partial fulfillment of AISSCE 2023 physics practical.

Name: Archna
Class: XII B
Roll no: 19
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project entitled “To study the factor on which
the self inductance of a coil depends by observing the effect of this
coil, when put in series with a resistor (bulb) in a circuit fed up by an
A.C. source of adjustable frequency” is being submitted by Archna,
roll no -19, for the year 2022-2023 in partial fulfillment of physics
practical examination conducted by AISSCE, New Delhi.

Signature of Physics teacher:

Date:
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my deep sense of gratitude to my physics teacher Mr. Pankaj
Sharma, Kendriya Vidyalaya, New Delhi for his constant guidance and insightful
comments during the project work. I shall always cherish my association with them
for their constant encouragement and freedom to thought and action that rendered to
me throughout the project work.
I would like to thank all the teachers and principal of Kendriya Vidyalaya, Andrews
Ganj, for maintaining a congenial environment.
I’m also thankful to all my friends for their constant help and encouragement for my
successful completion of project work.

Signature of student: (Archna)

 CONTENTS
SLIDE NUMBER

1. TITLE 1
2. CERTIFICATE 2
3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 3
4. CONTENTS 4
5. INTRODUCTION 5
6. AIM and APPARATUS 6
7. THEORY 7-9
8. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 10
9. PROCEDURE 11
10.OBSERVATIONS 12
11.RESULT, PRECAUTIONS and SOURCE OF ERROR 13
12.REFRENCES 14
 INTRODUCTION
There are four basic factors of inductor construction determining the amount
of inductance created. These factors all indicate inductance by affecting how
much magnetic field flux will develop for a given amount of magnetic filed
force (current through the inductor’s wire coil).

These factors are:

i. Turns in the coil

ii. Coil Area
iii.Coil Length
iv.Core material
 AIM:
To study the factor on which the self inductance of a coil depends
by observing the effect of this coil, when put in series with a
resistor (bulb) in a circuit fed up by an A.C. source of adjustable
frequency.

APPARATUS:
❖ A coil of large turns
❖ A.C. source of adjustable frequency
❖ An electrical bulb (6V)
❖ A.C. ammeter of suitable range
❖ Rheostat
❖ A soft iron rod
❖ One way key
❖ Connecting wires
 THEORY
Self inductance is a phenomena of inducing an emf in the self coil due to change in
current and hence change in magnetic flux in the coil.
L= μ0 μr N2 A
L
where μr = Relative magnetic permeability of magnetic material,

μr = μ
μ0
N = Total number of turns in solenoid

A = Area of cross-section of solenoid

l = length of solenoid.
 THEORY
Hence, the self inductance depends upon:

1. No. of turns (N) , L α N2

2. Geometry of coil, L α A, L α 1
l

3. Nature of core material, L α μ

When an inductor is connected in series with a resistor (bulb) with a variable source of frequency , then the
current flowing in the bulb is

Irms = Erms
Z

where Z= √ R2 + ω2 L2 = Impedance of the A.C. circuit. Here,

R = Resistance of the bulb

L = Self inductance of coil

ω = 2πf = Angular frequency of a.c. source

 THEORY
+
The brightness of bulb i.e. Heat generated in the bulb is:
H = I 2 rms Zt

P = H = I 2 rms Z
t

P = I 2 rms √ R2 + ω2 L2
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
 PROCEDURE
1) Make all connections as shown in the circuit diagram.
2) Switch on the a.c. supply and adjust the current in the circuit by using the variable resistor
(Rh).
3) Record the current in a.c. ammeter and see the brightness of bulb.
4) Now, put the soft iron rod inside the conductor core and record the current in a.c. ammeter
and again check the brightness of bulb. The current and brightness both decreases.
5) Now, switch off the supply and decrease the frequency of a.c. source (say 50 Hz).
6) Again switch on the supply and adjust the current in circuit at same constant voltage (6V)
by using the rheostat . Note the current in ammeter and brightness of bulb. The current and
brightness both will increase.
7) Again insert the iron rod in the core of coil and note the current and brightness. The current
and brightness both decreases.
8) Repeat the steps 5,6 and 7 for different frequency of a.c. source.
 OBSERVATIONS
▪ Least count of ammeter = 0.05 A
▪ Zero error of ammeter = 0 A
▪ Range of ammeter = 0-5 A

S.NO Frequency of applied voltage Current in ammeter without Current in ammeter with iron
(Hz) iron rod in coil (A) rod in coil (A)
1. 60 2 1.8
2. 50 2.5 2.3
3. 40 2.9 2.6
4. 30 3.4 3.25
5. 20 4.1 4
 RESULT
1)The current in the circuit decrease on inserting the iron rod in the core of coil at constant
frequency of applied voltage & brightness of bulb decreases & vice-versa.

2)The current in the circuit increases on decreasing the frequency of applied voltage &
vice-versa. Therefore, the brightness of bulb increases.

PRECAUTIONS

a) The coil should have large number of turns.

b) Current should be passed for a small time to avoid the heating effect.

SOURCES OF ERRORS

i. The resistance of circuit may increase slightly due to heating effect of current.
ii. There may be eddy current in soft iron coil.
 REFRENCES
❖ Help from NCERT book
❖ Help from internet
❖ Help from teacher

Websites
• www. Google.com
• Sciencefacts.net

Thank You!