የመቆጣጠሪያ Loop ትንተና

የመቆጣጠሪያ loop መለኪያዎች የኃይል አቅርቦትዎ ለፍላጎት ለውጦች እንዴት ምላሽ እንደሚሰጥ ለመለየት ይረዳሉ።

ያለልክ ሳይጮህ ወይም ሳይወዛወዝ በፍጥነት ምላሽ ለመስጠት አቅርቦት ያስፈልግዎታል።

የወረዳዎን ትክክለኛ ትርፍ እና ደረጃ በተለያዩ ድግግሞሾች በመለካት በንድፍዎ መረጋጋት ላይ እምነት ሊያገኙ ይችላሉ -
በማስመሰል ላይ ብቻ ከመተማመን የበለጠ።

ኦስቲሎስኮፕ፣ የሲግናል ምንጭ እና አውቶሜሽን ሶፍትዌሮችን በመጠቀም መለኪያዎች በፍጥነት ሊሰሩ እና እንደታወቁ
የቦድ ሴራዎች ሊቀርቡ ይችላሉ፣ ይህም የዳርቻዎችን መመዘኛ ቀላል ያደርገዋል እና የወረዳውን አፈፃፀም ከሞዴሎች
ጋር ማወዳደር ቀላል ያደርገዋል።

የመቆጣጠሪያ ዑደት ትንተና ስርዓት

የስርዓት ውቅረትን ለማቃለል፣ Tektronix የኃይል አቅርቦት ንድፍዎን መረጋጋት ለመለካት የሚያስፈልጉትን ቁልፍ
ቁራጮች እና ሶፍትዌሮችን በማጣመር የቁጥጥር Loop Analysis Kit ያቀርባል።

ኪቱ የተገነባው በ 5 እና 6 ተከታታይ MSO oscilloscopes አካባቢ ነው፣ እና ዝቅተኛ-attenuation ተገብሮ

መመርመሪያዎች እና የቁጥጥር ሉፕ መለኪያ አውቶሜሽን ሶፍትዌርን ያካትታል።

Oscilloscope ላይ የተመሠረተ ምላሽ መለኪያ ማዋቀር

ለኃይል አቅርቦት ዲዛይኖች፣ የተዘጉ የሉፕ ምላሽ መለኪያዎች ከዲሲ አቅራቢያ እስከ ጥቂት MHz ድረስ መደረግ
አለባቸው።

የቬክተር አውታር ተንታኞች ብዙ ጊዜ ለምላሽ ትንተና ጥቅም ላይ የሚውሉ ሲሆኑ፣ አብዛኛዎቹ ቪኤንኤዎች ለ RF
መለኪያዎች የተነደፉ በሜጋኸርትዝ ዙሪያ የመነሻ ድግግሞሾች ናቸው።

በተቃራኒው, oscilloscopes እስከ ዲሲ ድረስ ይለካሉ እና ጠቃሚ የምልክት ታይነትን ያቀርባሉ.

በመተንተንዎ ወቅት ያልተለመዱ ነገሮች ከተከሰቱ በፍጥነት ወደ መላ ፍለጋ መዝለል ይችላሉ።

በርካታ Tektronix oscilloscopes በገለልተኛ ትራንስፎርመር በኩል ምልክቱን ወደ loop ግብረመልስ ለማስገባት
የሚያገለግሉ አብሮ የተሰሩ የምልክት ምንጮችን ያቀርባሉ።

ሁለት መመርመሪያዎች፣ ዝቅተኛ ዋጋ ባለው መርፌ ተከላካይ ላይ የሚተገበሩ፣ ሁሉንም የትንታኔ ሶፍትዌር
የሚፈልገውን መረጃ ይሰጣሉ።

ትርፍን ለማስላት የማነቃቂያውን እና የምላሽ ስፋቶችን ይለካል፣ እና በማነቃቂያ እና ምላሽ መካከል ያለውን የደረጃ
መዘግየት ይለካል።
Control loop measurements help to characterize how your power supply responds to changes in
demand. You need your supply to respond quickly, but without excessive ringing or oscillation. By
measuring the actual gain and phase of your circuit over a range of frequencies, you can gain confidence
in the stability of your design – greater than relying on simulation alone. Using an oscilloscope, signal
source and automation software, measurements can be made quickly and presented as familiar Bode
plots, making it easy to evaluate margins and compare circuit performance to models.

የመቆጣጠሪያ loop መለኪያዎች የኃይል አቅርቦትዎ ለፍላጎት ለውጦች እንዴት ምላሽ እንደሚሰጥ ለመለየት ይረዳሉ።

በፍጥነት ምላሽ ለመስጠት አቅርቦት ያስፈልግዎታል፣ ነገር ግን ያለልክ መደወል ወይም መወዛወዝ።

የወረዳዎን ትክክለኛ ትርፍ እና ደረጃ በተለያዩ ድግግሞሾች በመለካት በንድፍዎ መረጋጋት ላይ እምነት ሊያገኙ ይችላሉ -
በማስመሰል ላይ ብቻ ከመተማመን የበለጠ።

ኦስቲሎስኮፕ፣ የሲግናል ምንጭ እና አውቶሜሽን ሶፍትዌሮችን በመጠቀም መለኪያዎች በፍጥነት ሊሰሩ እና እንደታወቁ
የቦድ ሴራዎች ሊቀርቡ ይችላሉ፣ ይህም የዳርቻዎችን መመዘኛ ቀላል ያደርገዋል እና የወረዳውን አፈፃፀም ከሞዴሎች
ጋር ማወዳደር ቀላል ያደርገዋል።

Oscilloscope-based response measurement setup

For power supply designs, closed loop response measurements should be made from near DC to a few
MHz. While vector network analyzers are often used for response analysis, most VNAs are designed for
RF measurements with starting frequencies around a megahertz. In contrast, oscilloscopes can measure
down to DC and provide useful signal visibility. If anomalies turn up during your analysis, you can quickly
jump into troubleshooting.

Several Tektronix oscilloscopes offer built-in signal sources that may be used to inject a signal into the
loop’s feedback through an isolation transformer. Two probes, applied across a low-value injection
resistor, provide all the information the analysis software needs. It measures the stimulus and response
amplitudes to calculate gain, and measures the phase delay between stimulus and response.

The general system for automated control loop response consists of:

An oscilloscope with appropriate bandwidth

Power supply frequency response automation software

Two low-attenuation, low-capacitance probes

A sinewave generator

A transformer with flat response to isolate the sinewave generator from the DUT
Probe characteristics for control loop measurements

To avoid overdriving the control loop, the injection signal's amplitude must be kept low. Probe
attenuation should be minimized to get the best sensitivity. At the same time, probe loading effects
should be minimized. Durable, low-attenuation, low capacitance passive probes such as the TPP0502 are
well-suited for these measurements with 2X attenuation, and 2 MΩ, 13 pF loading.

Fast demand changes introduce high frequencies into power supply control loops. Supplies must
respond quickly but adding too much gain will cause ringing or oscillation.

Instability occurs when the loop has positive gain (≥ 1) as phase shift approaches -180°. Under these
conditions the loop will experience positive feedback and become unstable. Bode plots show gain and
phase on the same frequency scale and let you see how close you are to this undesirable situation. Two
measurements taken from a Bode plot gauge the safety margin in the control loop: phase margin and
gain margin.

Phase margin indicates how far the system is from instability (-180° and unity gain) in terms of degrees
of phase. It represents the amount of phase shift the loop can tolerate as the gain approaches 0 dB
(unity gain).

Gain margin is how far the system is from -180° and unity gain in terms of dB of gain. This is the amount
of gain that could be added before hitting 0 dB, when phase shift = -180°.

Maintaining ample phase and gain margin in the control loop ensures that a power supply will not
operate too close to instability.

Control loop analysis system

An oscilloscope-based system provides more versatility than dedicated network analyzers. A system
includes:

An oscilloscope with frequency response analysis software

A function generator

Probes and cables

Injection transformer for Bode plots

Line injector for PSRR measurements

The 4, 5 and 6 Series MSO oscilloscopes offer an Advanced Power Analysis option (PWR) and an optional
built-in function generator. Picotest injection transformers (J2100A or J2101A) and line injectors
(J2120A) are recommended for Bode plots and PSRR measurements.

AutomationForum.Co

HomeControl SystemDifferent components of a control loop

Control System

Different components of a control loop

by SivaranjithJanuary 29, 201801717

SHARE0

What is control loop?

A Control loop is the fundamental building block of the industrial control system or industrial
automation. It is a group of components working together as a system to achieve and maintain the
desired value of a system variable by manipulating the value of another variable in the control loop.

An instrumentation control loop consists of a controller that can adjust the process variable equal to
setpoint by measuring the current process variable using sensors.

Components of a Control loop:

There are different types of control loop components combinedly work for the common desire of the
system or to attain the setpoint. They are:

AutomationForum.Co
HomeControl SystemDifferent components of a control loop

Control System

Different components of a control loop

by SivaranjithJanuary 29, 201801717

SHARE0

What is control loop?

A Control loop is the fundamental building block of the industrial control system or industrial
automation. It is a group of components working together as a system to achieve and maintain the
desired value of a system variable by manipulating the value of another variable in the control loop.

An instrumentation control loop consists of a controller that can adjust the process variable equal to
setpoint by measuring the current process variable using sensors.

Components of a Control loop:

There are different types of control loop components combinedly work for the common desire of the
system or to attain the setpoint. They are:

Primary element/sensor

Transducer

Converter

Transmitter

Signal
Indicator

Recorder

Controller

Correcting element/final control element

Actuator

Primary element/Sensors:

Sensors are the first element in the control loop which measures the change in the process and
reporting the process variable so they are also called as the primary element. Sensors are devices which
cause change when affected by a change in the process variable. There are different types of sensors for
measuring variables like Pressure, Temperature, Flow, Level, pH, Vibration etc.,

AutomationForum.Co

HomeControl SystemDifferent components of a control loop

Control System

Different components of a control loop

by SivaranjithJanuary 29, 201801717

SHARE0

What is control loop?

A Control loop is the fundamental building block of the industrial control system or industrial
automation. It is a group of components working together as a system to achieve and maintain the
desired value of a system variable by manipulating the value of another variable in the control loop.

An instrumentation control loop consists of a controller that can adjust the process variable equal to
setpoint by measuring the current process variable using sensors.
Components of a Control loop:

There are different types of control loop components combinedly work for the common desire of the
system or to attain the setpoint. They are:

Primary element/sensor

Transducer

Converter

Transmitter

Signal

Indicator

Recorder

Controller

Correcting element/final control element

Actuator

Primary element/Sensors:

Sensors are the first element in the control loop which measures the change in the process and
reporting the process variable so they are also called as the primary element. Sensors are devices which
cause change when affected by a change in the process variable. There are different types of sensors for
measuring variables like Pressure, Temperature, Flow, Level, pH, Vibration etc.,