NAME: JONATHAN OTIENO

REG NO: EN201/2468/2020

PROGRAM: BSC. ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

INSTITUTION: MUT

UNIT NAME: ELECTRICAL ENERGY SOURCES AND SYSTEMS

UNIT TITLE: EES206

1.Discuss the principal of operation of two types of nuclear power plant and hence describe
the advantages and disadvantages of nuclear power plant.
Nuclear reactors are machines that contain and control nuclear chain reactions while releasing
heat at a controlled rate. Nuclear power plants have either a boiling-water reactor or a
pressurized-water reactor

.Pressurized-water nuclear reactors

In a pressurized-water reactor, the reactor core heats water and keeps it under pressure to
prevent the water from turning into steam. This hot radioactive water flows through tubes in a
steam generator.

A steam generator is a giant cylinder filled with nonradioactive water (or clean water). Inside
the giant water-filled cylinder are thousands of tubes filled with the hot radioactive water from
the reactor core that eventually bring the clean water to a boil and turn it into steam.

The radioactive water flows back to the reactor core to be reheated, and once reheated,
returns to the steam generator. The clean water may come from one of several sources like
oceans, lakes, or rivers.
Boiling-water nuclear reactors
In a boiling-water reactor, the reactor core heats water, which turns directly into steam in the
reactor vessel. The steam is used to power a turbine generator produce electricity.

Advantages of nuclear power plant.

.Produces non- polluted gases.

.They don’t contribute to global warming

Disadvantages of nuclear power plants .

.Waste is radioactive and safe disposal is very difficult and expensive

.Local thermal pollution from waste water affects marine land.

2. Discuss two different methods in which electrical power can be generated using sugarcane
waste
The electrical power can be generated from sugarcane straw and bagasse
Bagasse is the fibrous material leftover after juice is extracted from sugarcane.
Bagasse is burned by sugar mill generating steam,the steam drives the turbine to produce
electricity.

Sugarcane straw.
The straw is composed of sugarcane green tops and dry leaves.
 Straw can be used as fuel for co-generation systems of sugarcane mills, the steam produced is
used to run the turbine generator to produce electricity.
3. Discuss five methods which can be effective in reducing the cost of power from the kenya
utility company.
The cost of power can be reduced through energy saving measures such as;

a. Saving on lighting

 Use LEDs which last longer than the ordinary incandescent lamps. LEDs also generate less
heat which means less cooling bills.
 Use electronic ballasts which are more efficient than the conventional magnetic ballasts for
fluorescent tube lighting. The electronic ballast uses up to 40% less energy, is flicker free
and eliminates hum. 
 Enhance the use of timers to turn security lights on in the evening and off in the morning to
ensure the lights are switched on only when necessary.

b. Cooking

 Enhance the use of pressure cookers which cut food preparation time to one-third of
that required by conventional methods.
 Use pots and pans with flat bottoms to enhance effective heat transfer since they will be
heated uniformly.
 Always make sure that the pan matches the size of the cooker element.

c. refregiration

.always match the size of the fridge to your needs so as to save the quantity of electricity
required to power it.

.minimize the number of times you open the fridge .open/close habits waste 50-120 Kwh of
energy a year which accounts for 10-24% of the total energy consumption of the fridge

d. Entertainment Equipment

A large number of electrical appliances cannot be completely switched off without unplugging
the device or turning it off at a power strip. When this is not done, the appliances continue to
draw power. This power consumption is known as 'stand-by power.'

 A television left on stand-by can use up to 10% more power.

 Switching off your electronics can save up to 50% of the energy it consumes.
 Switching off your music system at the set or unplugging it can save up to 50% on
energy consumed.
  Always unplug phone chargers when not in use and avoid charging a phone longer than
necessary.

e .Ironing 

 Turn off the iron box five minutes or so before all clothes have been ironed and finish
ironing with the residual heat stored in the sole plate, so as to save power.
 Do not leave the iron box on electricity supply if you have to attend to other duties.
 Always use an iron box that is thermostatically controlled.