Utilization Of Used Cooking Oil As A Raw Material In The Manufacture

Of Solid Soap

Siti Khyala1, Khairin Nisa2

1) Ar-RahmahVocatinal School, Cianjur, Indonesia (hayls1221@gmail.com)

2) Ar-Rahmah Vocational School, Cianjur, Indonesia (khairiinisaa@gmail.com)

Abstract

The life of living things can never be separated from food. Today, humans live with
millions of kinds of oily food. Although very useful, but now oil is a source of big problems for
the environment. The continuous disposal of used cooking oil waste that is not environmentally
sound can have a negative impact on the environment and the survival of human life. Thus, the
community needs to be introduced to innovations in order to minimize household waste,
especially those that have the potential to damage the environment. Used cooking oil generated
from the rest of the frying pan in the kitchen or fried food vendors can be reprocessed into soap.
This project aims to raise public awareness of the environment in an effort to control
environmental pollution. The method used is a used cooking oil
Treatment system based on zero waste industry.

Keyword : Environment, Society, Soap, Cooking Oil

1. Introduction from plants such as coconut, seeds, nuts,

corn and soybeans. Basically a good oil is an
Cooking oil is an oil derived from
oil that contains more unsaturated fatty acids
plant or animal fat that is purified, liquid at
compared to its saturated fatty acid content
room temperature and is usually used for
(Kusumaningtyas, 2018: 202).
frying food. Vegetable cooking oil comes
 Long and repeated heating of
cooking oil will produce peroxide
compounds, these peroxide compounds are
free radicals that are toxic to the body. The
maximum amount of peroxide in cooking oil
that is fit for human consumption is 10
meq/kg of cooking oil. However, generally
used cooking oil has a peroxide value of 20-
40 meq/kg so it does not meet quality
standards for health (Thadeus, 2012: 130).
The first sign of spoilage of cooking
oil is the formation of acrolein in cooking
oil. This acrolein causes itching in the throat
when consuming foods that are fried using
cooking oil repeatedly. Acrolein is formed
from the hydration of glycerol to form an
unsaturated aldehyde or acrolein. So used
cooking oil has undergone molecular
decomposition, so that the smoke point
drops dramatically, and if stored can cause
the oil to become rancid. (lubis, 2019: 116).
One of the household wastes
generated from the school kitchen is used
cooking oil from the frying pan in the school
kitchen. This has an unfavorable impact
from an environmental point of view. For
example polluting school drainage channels.
The lack of knowledge and
awareness of the school community about
the dangers of used cooking oil waste to the
environment makes the school community
indifferent to the use and disposal of used
cooking oil waste. On the other hand
(Kusumaningtyas, 2018: 203) states that if
used cooking oil waste from the school
kitchen is dumped directly into the
environment, it will make the environment
dirty and become a pollutant for water.
Continuous disposal of used cooking oil
waste that is not environmentally sound can
have a negative impact on the environment
around the school.
Used cooking oil known to the
public is cooking oil that has been used
either once or several times. Erviana (2018:
145) states that used cooking oil is a waste
because the acid and peroxide numbers
increase and contain carcinogenic
compounds during the frying process. One
of the phenomena encountered in the frying
process is the decline in the quality of the oil
after repeated use at relatively high
temperatures (160-180°C).
Considering the many bad effects on
health due to used cooking oil, a new
breakthrough is needed. Efforts to process
used cooking oil in the context of saving,
but not endangering health and easy to do
are very necessary. One of them is by
conducting research on making soap from
used cooking oil.
This soap which has been developed
since ancient Egyptian times functions as a
cleaning tool. The existence of soap that
only functions as a cleaning tool is felt to be
lacking, given the marketing and public
demand for more value from bath soap.
Soap is a type of surfactant that can
clean oily dirt and is part of a group called
surfactants. The soap referred to here is a
product of a mixture of sodium salts with
stearic, palmitic, and oleic acids which
contain small amounts of myristic and lauric
acid components. Soap is the oldest
cleansing cosmetic, dating back centuries.
Soap is a popular commodity
processed from palm oil which functions as
a substance capable of cleaning and
removing foreign objects. The reaction that
occurs when making soap from palm oil is
called the saponification reaction.
Saponification is done by reacting palm oil
(triglycerides) with alkali (usually using
NaOH or KOH) to produce glycerol and an
alkaline salt of Na (soap). Saponification
can also be done by reacting fatty acids with
alkalis to produce soap and water. Soap is
usually in the form of a printed solid called a
bar because of its history and general shape.
2. Research Methods
The process used in this study is a chemical
process, namely saponification. In the Soap
making process, used cooking oil obtained
from the school kitchen. The used cooking
oil waste is made into solid soap for washing
activities, not for bathing. The process of
making solid soap starts from the
preparation of the materials that will be used
to make soap such as used cooking oil,
NaOH, food coloring, water, fragrance and
salt, then the raw materials are weighed,
after weighing, the NaOH will be dissolved
with how to put NaOH into a container that
already contains water, then stir until
blended, after that the NaOH solution will
be put into a container containing used
cooking oil and stir until mixed. Then given
dye and salt, then stirred until blended and
changed color later the soap will be printed
and packaged.after finishing making soap,
the soap will be used to wash dirty utensils
that have been used to make soap, after
using the soap it can clean the equipment
from residual oil and dirt on the tool,
therefore soap from used cooking oil
socialization will be carried out.
Picture 1. Making soap from used cooking
oil
3. Results and Discussion
Our first experiment used a reconsidered
recipe, 155 ml of used cooking oil, 120 ml
of water, 10 drops of perfume, 10 drops of
dye. Dissolve NaOH into water and stir,
because the results of the NaOH solution are
hot, you have to wait more than 4 hours.
Then we go to the next step, which is mixing
the NaOH solution with used cooking oil,
put the NaOH solution into a container
containing used cooking oil and stir until
homogeneous, but because the taste of the
soap dough doesn’t smell good, we add
more fragrance and mix it again. And the
result is that the soap dough is slightly
broken and causes defects. But still we
continue to put it in the silicone mold and
wait for more than 8 hours, and only check
in the morning. The conclusion of the first
experiment was almost successful, but the
dough was a bit broken due to excess
stirring. The first try soap can be used, not
too foamy but clean.
The second experiment was still with the
same recipe, 155 ml of oil, 120 water, 15
drops of fragrance, 10 drops of dye. The
experiment failed because it was
inhomogeneous and too quickly thickened
causing the dough to break, and made us
confused as to why this time the dough
really couldn’t come together perfectly, or
inhomogeneous. We threw away the dough
because we were confused that the dough
was too runny and broke.
The third experiment was still with the same
recipe but again failed when stirring, the
insoluble NaOH liquid was the main cause
of the failure of the second experiment. But
still we wait for the results and can be used,
foaming and cleaning. But the final texture
of the soap is a bit slimy.
The chemical reactions that occur in the
saponification process are :
(C17H35COO)3 + 3NaOH
3C17H35COONa +
C3H5(OH)3
4. Conclusion
From the many experiments our group
succeeded in making solid soap, and got
satisfactory results. Although many soap
doughs fail and are not perfect and continue
to look for shortcomings from advantages in
mixing, the dough is not homogeneous.
And can achieve the maximum possible
curing process.a soap made from used
cooking oil which is waste and sticky with a
slightly slimy texture, this is used to clean
the dirty nature of household items at home
and at school.
This soap made from used cooking oil can
function as a cleaning agent that cleans
household appliances such as rags, napkins,
or a bar of soap for washing hands.
The curing process Is also needed here,
although it takes quite a long time, that’s
one of the drawbacks of an item or formula
made from waste materials, but its function
and physical properties are the same as
general cleaning soap.
5. Acknowledgment
We are grateful to the Ar-Rahmah
Vocational school for support, providing
facilities and funding.
And also for the teacher who helped in the
research.
6. References
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PengolahanLimbahMinyakJelantahdanKulit BekasMenjadiSabunCuciPiringUntukPenge
PisangMenjadiSabun. JurnalSolma ; Vol 7. ndalianPencemaran
No.2, Hal 144-152 danPemberdayaanMasyarakat. Jurnal

[2] JelianaLubis. 2019. Abdimas. Vol. 22, No.2, Hal 201-208

PemanfaatanMinyakJelantahjadiSabunPadat
. Jurnal
[4] Thadeus, M.S. 2012.
DampakKonsumsiMinyakJelantahTerhadap
Metris. Vol. 20, Hal 116-120 KerusakanOksidatif DNA (Disertasi).
Yogyakarta. Program DoktorIlmu

[3] Kusumaningtyas, RatnaDewi, dkk.

2018. Penerapan Teknologi KedokterandanKesehatan. Hal 130
PengolahanLimbah Minyak
Goreng