FUNDAMENTALS OF

SURVEVING 1
LEARNING TASK 1
SURVEYING TERMINOLOGIES
AND ENUMERATION

SUBMITTED BY:
JERICO R. JIMENEZ
BSCE 2-3

SUBMITTED TO:
PROF. PROSPERO CABORNAY

SURVEYING TERMINOLOGIES AND ENUMERATION

1. Define and discuss what is Surveying? Geomatics?
a. Surveying
Surveying is the process of using direct or indirect measurements to determine the
relative position of various features on, above, or beneath the earth's surface, and then
depicting them on a sheet of paper known as a plan or map.

The American Congress on Surveying and Mapping (ACSM) defines surveying

as "the science and art of taking all necessary measurements to determine the relative
position of points or physical and cultural details above, on, or beneath the surface of the
Earth, and to depict them in a usable form, or to establish the position of points or
details."

The practice of creating points using specified angular and linear measurements is
commonly referred to as surveying. The size and volume of a particular piece of land can
be determined using the plans, sections, and maps created through surveying. The
horizontal projection of the surveyed area, rather than the actual extent, is depicted on a
map. Drawing sections, on the other hand, is a better way to depict vertical distance.

Surveyors employ a variety of tools, such as total stations, GPS receivers, prisms,
3D scanners, radio communicators, digital levels, dumpy levels, and surveying software,
to complete their work successfully and accurately.

b. Geomatics
Geomatics is a professional field as well as an applied science. It involves an
integrated approach to the measurement, analysis, management, and display of
geographic and other spatial data as an applied science. Geomaticians, as a professional
field, have specialized skills, knowledge, and understanding to deliver services that meet
societal needs and contribute to social and political stability, quality of life, and natural
heritage and resource management. Surveying, geography, information systems, land
development and planning, law, and commerce are all areas where geomatics specialists
may be involved in developing, conducting, and managing activities. As the programmed
streams below indicate, geomatics specialists use the latest satellite, laser, acoustic, and
information technology and are constantly branching into new hard areas of specialty.
2. Differentiate plane and geodetic surveying
a. Plane Surveying
Plane surveying is a method of surveying in which the Earth's surface is assumed
to be flat and the curvature of the Earth is ignored.

The plane measurements span only a short distance, and the lines connecting
every two places, mostly on the Earth's surface, are regarded as straight lines, with the
angles between them referred to as plane angles.

When working with plane surveys, you'll need to know about plane geometry and
trigonometry. Plane surveys with a coverage area of up to 260 km2 are an option. It's
worth mentioning that the length difference between the arc and the subtended chord on
the Earth's surface for a span of 18.2 km is only 0.1 m.

b. Geodetic Surveying
Geodetic surveying is a type of surveying that accounts for the Earth's curvature
or spherical structure. The accurate coordinates of points obtained by plane surveying are
provided via geodetic. Geodetic surveys are carried out by the country's survey agency.
This is surveying that takes into account the Earth's curved shape.

A geodetic survey's goal is to determine the exact location on the Earth's surface
of a network of widely dispersed points that will serve as control stations for less precise
surveys.

A curved line is a line that connects two points, and the angles are expected to be
spherical. It is carried out when the field size surpasses 250 hectares. Geodetic surveying
entails choosing two stations (points) that are separated by a large distance.

Astronomy is used to determine the latitude and longitude of these two sites. The
baseline is the line that connects these two points and is accurately determined.

The location of a third station is determined by the angle created between the
baseline's ends. Triangulation is the term for the entire technique. This process is repeated
until all surveyed lands have been mapped.
3. Define and discuss the following:
a. Cadastral Survey
Cadastral surveying is a land surveying field concerned with land ownership
regulations and the delineation of property boundaries. It entails interpreting and advising
on boundary locations, land ownership status, and rights, restrictions, and interests in
property, as well as recording such information for use on plans, maps, and other records;
it also entails the physical delineation of property boundaries and determination of
dimensions, areas, and certain rights associated with properties, whether they are on land,
water, or defined by natural or artificial features.

Cadastral surveys are used to divide land into parcels for ownership under a land
title, as well as to re-establish boundaries of previously surveyed properties to ascertain
the physical extent of ownership or to allow the transfer of the property title.

b. City Surveys

These are surveys of areas within and around a city for the purposes of planning
expansions or improvements, establishing property lines, erecting reference monuments,
determining the physical features and configuration of the land, and generating maps.
The goal of the City Survey was to find out how far the city had progressed in
terms of developing and implementing cycling policies. When producing maps, laying
out plots and new streets, and constructing roadways, pipelines, sewers, and buildings,
these skills are also required, establishing reference points and benchmarks, finding
property lines, and surveying the land's topography.
c. Construction Survey
A construction survey is a survey that shows the locations and markers for
construction activities, as well as the process of evaluating and estimating construction
activities before to or during construction activities.

It is used to plan engineering and building projects. Measurements are taken to

establish the location of the intended structure or upgrades, vertical and horizontal
positioning, dimensions, and configuration, as well as to control the height of new
structures.
A construction survey is used to maintain and develop the vertical and horizontal
control distinctions required for a construction project. It entails taking measurements,
which are required to determine quantities, and then recording those measurements in
documentation to back up the contractor's final payments.
d. Forestry Survey
A set of duties that entails dividing a forest into homogeneous regions and
describing each one. A survey of the forest area's boundaries, a partition of the area into
compartments and a survey of the compartment grid, the installation of valuation plots
inside the compartments, and the production of a valuation description, charts, and maps
of the stands are among the activities completed.
The valuation description includes the origin, composition, shape, age, density,
volume, and marketability index (commercial evaluation) of each portion of the stands, as
well as average tree height and diameter, forest type, and presence of seedling growth and
brushwood. The feasibility of reforestation is determined when characterizing unforested
cutting regions, vacant fields, and clearings. Prior to the forest survey, topographic work
is completed, which is primarily done through aerial photography.
e. Hydrographic Survey
The science of measuring and describing features that affect maritime navigation,
marine construction, dredging, offshore oil exploration/drilling, and associated operations
is known as hydrographic surveying. Soundings, shorelines, tides, currents, seabed, and
underwater impediments that are related to the aforementioned activities are all given
special attention.
In the latter phases of the hydrographic process, the raw data gathered through
hydrographic survey is transformed into information useable by the end user, which is
referred to as marine cartography. Hydrography is collected according to rules that differ
by accepting authority. In shallow waters, surveys are increasingly being undertaken with
the use of aircraft and advanced electronic sensor systems, which were previously
conducted by ships using a sounding line or echo sounding.
f. Industrial Survey
 The industrial survey is a field survey in which statistical data on economic
activity in the industry sector is collected from a sample of selected industrial
establishments using the Establishments Economic Survey's establishments framework.
According to the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic
Activities (ISIC, Rev.4), this data shows the characteristics of economic units engaged in
manufacturing activity (United Nations, 2008c).
g. Mine Survey
The branch of mining science and engineering that studies the structure of a
deposit, the shape, and dimensions of mineral bodies in the interior, and the location of
useful and harmful components (for mining technology), the properties of enclosing rock,
the spatial arrangement of mine workings, and the processes of stresses in rock and the
earth's surface. It also reflects the dynamics of a mining firm's manufacturing process.
Mine surveying is carried out with the aid of mine surveying instruments. Mine
documentation, which is a set of diagrams created using geometric projection,
synthesizes data from mine surveying. Mine surveying is a multidisciplinary field that
includes mathematics, engineering, physics, astronomical geodesy, geology and
mineralogy, geological exploration, deposit exploitation technologies, and construction.
h. Photogrammetric Survey
Photogrammetric Survey or Photogrammetry is a surveying and mapping method
used in the Transportation Department. Site planning, topographic mapping, earthwork
volume calculation for proposed highways, a collection of digital elevation models
(DEM), and image-based mapping are all examples of Photogrammetry Applications in
surveying (orthophotography).
The phrase "photogrammetry" comes from the words "photo" and "meter," and it
refers to the measurement from photographs. Photogrammetry is defined as "the art,
science, and technology of acquiring trustworthy information regarding any physical
object and the entire environment," according to the traditional definition. This approach
entails the recording, measuring, and analyzing of terrestrial and aerial photos.
i. Route Surveys
A Route Survey is the service and product that accurately locates the planned path
of a linear project or right of way that crosses a prescribed amount of real estate,
 extending from at least one known location and turning or terminating at another known
place. Adequate location means that the conditions and limits set out in this standard are
met in a significant way. A route survey that establishes new or proposed boundaries is
considered a boundary survey and must follow the Texas Board of Professional Land
Surveying's rules and regulations (TBPLS).
A Route Survey is typically required for right-of-way planning, the acquisition of
fee or easement property, and future construction layout work. The center line or a right
of way line is frequently used to determine the location of facilities inside the right of
way. On the ground, a Route Survey is used to locate right-of-way lines, a centerline, or
reference lines in relation to property lines and terrain features.
j. Topographic Surveys
These are surveys where the physical features on the earth are measured, and
maps/plans prepared to show their relative positions both horizontally and vertically.
A topographic survey pinpoints and quantifies the exact location, form,
arrangement, and characteristics of all natural and manufactured features on a given land
surface. It collects data such as land contours, terrain elevation, and other information
that engineers, architects, local government organizations, and contractors need for
proper depiction of development/update projects. The term "topographic survey" refers to
a wide range of surveying and mapping services, including anything from ground
mapping to aerial mapping and subsurface surveys.

Reference
https://civiltoday.com/surveying/13-definition-and-importance-of-surveying

http://www.geomatics.uct.ac.za/geomatics/what-is-geomatics
https://civilscoops.com/difference-between-plane-surveying-and-geodetic-surveying/

https://www.surveyorsboard.vic.gov.au/content/74/About-Cadastral-
Surveying.aspx#:~:text=Cadastral%20surveys%20are%20generally%20performed%20to
%20subdivide%20land,to%20facilitate%20the%20transfer%20of%20the%20property%20title.

https://www.coursehero.com/file/114471887/RUIZO-CHARLENE-JOY-Adocx/
https://pro17engineering.com/services/construction-survey/
https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Forest+Survey#:~:text=Forest%20Survey%20a
%20complex%20of%20tasks%20that%20involves,homogeneous%20areas%20and%20the
%20description%20of%20the%20areas.
https://www.definitions.net/definition/hydrographic%20survey#:~:text=Here%20are%20all
%20the%20possible%20meanings%20and%20translations,offshore%20oil%20exploration
%2Foffshore%20oil%20drilling%20and%20related%20activities.
https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/industrial_survey_report_en_0.pdf
https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Mine+Surveying
https://medium.com/@nibtnashik/photogrammetry-surveying-its-benefits-drawbacks-
afc47c34f1d7
http://www.kmsurveying.com/route-survey/
https://whatispiping.com/topographic-survey/