Chisels

manual cutting tool that is used to remove thin layers from the
surface of metal pieces, when the use of other tools such as
scissors is not possible, and Chisels usually use a manual
hammer with which they knock on the end of the handle of the
Chisels , so its cutting edge removes the metal • The process of
cutting is considered in Chisels one of the operations that lacks
accuracy, so its use is limited to works that do not require high
accuracy in completion.
An important note on how to use the Chisels is to determine the
angle of inclination of the Chisels on the surface of the piece in
operation. Figure No. (1) shows how to use Chisels and
determine the angle of inclination. This angle should range
between (30-40) , since if it is more than that, the Chisels will
sink into the piece, making it difficult to cut. But if the angle is
small, the Chisels will slide on the surface of the piece to be
operated.

Figure No. (1)

ً١ِ‫ االص‬ٚ‫االجٕح ا‬
‫ ػٕذِا‬، ‫ح‬١ٔ‫ح اٌمطغ اٌّؼذ‬ٛ‫مح ِٓ سط‬١‫ح لاطؼح ذسرؼًّ إلصاٌح طثماخ سل‬٠ٚ‫ذ‬٠ ‫ػذج‬
‫ذسرؼًّ االجٕح ػادج‬ٚ ، ‫ش ِّىٕا‬١‫ ِثً اٌّمض غ‬ٜ‫ْ اسرؼّاي اٌؼذد األخش‬ٛ‫ى‬٠
‫ا‬ٙ‫َ دافر‬ٛ‫ فرم‬، ‫ح ِمثغ االجٕح‬٠‫ا‬ٙٔ ٍٝ‫ا ػ‬ٙ‫اسطر‬ٛ‫طشق ت‬٠ ٟ‫ح اٌر‬٠ٚ‫ذ‬١ٌ‫اٌّطشلح ا‬
‫اٌماطؼح تئصاٌح اٌّؼذْ • ذؼرثش ػٍّ‪١‬ح اٌمطغ تاالجٕح ِٓ ػٍّ‪١‬ـاخ اٌرشغ‪ ً١‬اٌر‪ ٟ‬ذفرمش‬
‫اٌ‪ ٝ‬اٌذلح ٌزٌه فاْ اسرؼّاٌ‪ٙ‬ا ‪٠‬مرظش ػٍ‪ ٝ‬االػّاي اٌر‪ ٟ‬ال ذرطٍة اٌذلح اٌؼاٌ‪١‬ح ف‪ٟ‬‬
‫االٔجاص‪.‬‬
‫ِٓ اٌّالدظاخ اٌ‪ٙ‬اِح د‪ٛ‬ي و‪١‬ف‪١‬ح اسرؼّاي االجٕح ٘‪ ٟ‬ذذذ‪٠‬ذ صا‪٠ٚ‬ح ِ‪ ً١‬االجٕح ػٍ‪ٝ‬‬
‫سطخ اٌمطؼح ل‪١‬ذ اٌرشغ‪ · ً١‬اٌشىً سلُ ( ‪٠ ) 1‬ث‪ ٓ١‬و‪١‬ف‪١‬ح اسرؼّاي االجٕح ‪ٚ‬ذذذ‪٠‬ذ‬
‫صا‪٠ٚ‬ح اٌّ‪ ً١‬اْ ٘زٖ اٌضا‪٠ٚ‬ح ‪٠‬جة اْ ‪٠‬رشا‪ٚ‬ح ِمذاس٘ا تـ‪ .)43-33( ٓ١‬د‪١‬ث أ‪ٙ‬ا ارا‬
‫صادخ ػٓ رٌه فاْ االجٕح س‪ٛ‬ف ذغ‪ٛ‬ص اٌ‪ ٝ‬داخً اٌمطؼح فرظؼة تزٌه ػٍّ‪١‬ح‬
‫اٌمطغ ‪ .‬اِا ارا وأد اٌضا‪٠ٚ‬ح طغ‪١‬شج فاْ االجٕح سـ‪ٛ‬ف ذٕضٌك ػٍ‪ ٝ‬سطخ اٌمطؼح‬
‫اٌّشاد ذشغ‪ٍٙ١‬ا ‪.‬‬

‫‪Types of Chisels‬‬
‫‪- Chisels with a wide cutting edge: they are used to process‬‬
‫‪pieces with wide surfaces, such as welded cutting surfaces or‬‬
‫‪castings.‬‬
‫‪-Chisels with a narrow cutting edge: which are used in opening‬‬
‫‪.operations ducts of small width.‬‬
‫‪-Chisels with a square cutting edge: usually to define the corners‬‬
‫‪of the internal angles and to make sewers and channels square or‬‬
‫‪triangular sections.‬‬
‫‪Round Chisels: which are used to open lubrication channels‬‬
‫‪with a circular or round section.‬‬

‫أ‪ٛ‬اع االجٕاخ‬
‫‪-‬االجٕح راخ دافح اٌمطغ اٌؼش‪٠‬ضح ‪ٚ :‬ذسرؼًّ ٌرشغ‪ ً١‬اٌمطغ راخ اٌسط‪ٛ‬ح اٌؼش‪٠‬ضح‬
‫‪ِ ،‬ثً سط‪ٛ‬ح اٌمطغ اٌٍّذ‪ِٛ‬ح أ‪ ٚ‬اٌّسث‪ٛ‬واخ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬االجٕح راخ دافح اٌمطغ اٌض‪١‬مح ‪ :‬اٌر‪ ٟ‬ذسرؼًّ ف‪ ٟ‬ػٍّ‪١‬اخ فرخ اٌّجاس‪ ٞ‬راخ‬
‫اٌؼشع اٌمٍ‪.ً١‬‬
‫‪ -‬االجٕح راخ دافح اٌمطغ اٌّشتؼح ‪ٚ :‬ذسرؼًّ ػادج ٌرذذ‪٠‬ذ اسواْ اٌض‪ٚ‬ا‪٠‬ـا اٌذاخٍ‪١‬ح‬
‫‪ٌٚ‬ؼًّ اٌّجاس‪ٚ ٞ‬اٌمٕ‪ٛ‬اخ اٌّشتؼح ا‪ ٚ‬اٌّثٍثح اٌّماطغ ‪.‬‬
ٚ‫ ا‬ٞ‫د راخ اٌّمطغ اٌذائش‬١٠‫اخ اٌرض‬ٕٛ‫ ذسرؼًّ ٌفرخ ل‬ٟ‫ اٌر‬: ‫شج‬٠‫ االجٕح اٌّسرذ‬-
.‫ش‬٠‫اٌّسرذ‬

Saw and the sawing process

The hand saw is cutting tool consisting of the body of the saw,
whose edge contains a large number of teeth that cut the metal,
as a fine blade is formed. Among the important notes about the
use of a hand saw are the following:
1- Direction of cutting: The direction of cutting is usually
forward (cutting path) where the teeth are also facing forward.
There are types of saws used for front and back cutting. And the
cutting teeth are perpendicular to the surface of the piece to be
sawed.
2-The saw teeth are cleft: the saw teeth are cleft, i.e. they are
inclined to the left and to the right in succession, for several
reasons, the most important of which are:
A -Preventing the saw from suffocating, i.e. stopping it from
working due to filling the spaces between the teeth with the
blades.
B - Reducing friction between the saw body and the metal piece
The resurfacing is done sometimes by corrugating the body of
the saw, especially when the saw’s teeth are very small.
3- Cutting speed: It should not go higher than a certain limit, as
this leads to a rise in temperature as a result of friction and the
saw losing some of its mechanical properties.

‫ح إٌشش‬١ٍّ‫ػ‬ٚ ‫إٌّشاس‬
ٗ‫ دافر‬ٞٛ‫ ذذرـ‬ٞ‫ْ ِٓ جسُ إٌّشاس اٌز‬ٛ‫ ػثاسج ػٓ ػذج لطغ ذرى‬ٞٚ‫ذ‬١ٌ‫ إٌّشاس ا‬-
ِٓٚ . ُ‫ش ٔاػ‬٠‫ْ سا‬ٛ‫رى‬٠ ‫ث‬١‫َ تمطغ اٌّؼذْ د‬ٛ‫ ذم‬ٟ‫ش ِٓ االسٕاْ اٌر‬١‫ ػذد وث‬ٍٝ‫ػ‬
: ٍٟ٠ ‫ ِا‬ٞٚ‫ذ‬١ٌ‫ي اسرؼّاي إٌّشاس ا‬ٛ‫ّح د‬ٌّٙ‫اٌّالدظاخ ا‬
ْٛ‫ ذى‬. ) ‫اس اٌمطغ‬ٛ‫ االِاَ ( ِش‬ٌٝ‫ْ اذجاٖ اٌمطغ ػادج ا‬ٛ‫ى‬٠ : ‫ ـ اذجاٖ اٌمطغ‬1
ِٟ‫ش ذسرؼًّ ٌٍمطغ االِا‬١‫اع ِٓ إٌّاش‬ٛٔ‫ٕ٘اٌه أ‬ٚ .. ‫ضا‬٠‫ االِاَ ا‬ٌٝ‫ح ا‬ٙ‫االسٕاْ ِرج‬
.‫ سطخ اٌمطؼح اٌّشاد ٔشش٘ا‬ٍٝ‫ـح ػ‬٠‫د‬ّٛ‫ا اسٕاْ اٌمطغ ػ‬ٙ١‫ْ ف‬ٛ‫ذى‬ٚ . ٟ‫اٌخٍف‬ٚ
ٌٝ‫ا‬ٚ ‫سـاس‬١ٌ‫ ا‬ٌٝ‫ْ ِائٍح إ‬ٛ‫ ذى‬ٞ‫ ا‬، ‫ ذفٍج اسٕاْ إٌّشاس‬: ‫ج اسٕاْ إٌّشاس‬١ٍ‫ ذف‬-2
: ‫ا‬ّٙ٘‫ ٌؼذج اسثاب ا‬، ‫ٓ تاٌرؼالة‬١ّ١ٌ‫ا‬
ْ‫ٓ االسٕا‬١‫لفٗ ػٓ اٌمطغ تسثة اِرالء اٌّجـاالخ ت‬ٛ‫ ذ‬ٞ‫ ا‬، ‫ا ـ ِٕغ اخرٕاق إٌّشاس‬
. ‫ش‬٠‫تاٌشا‬
‫أا‬١‫خ اد‬١ٍ‫سرؼاع ػٓ اٌرف‬٠ ‫ح‬١ٔ‫اٌمطؼح اٌّؼذ‬ٚ ‫ٓ جسُ إٌّشاس‬١‫ً االدرىان ت‬١ٍ‫ ذم‬- ‫ب‬
‫شج جذا‬١‫ْ اســـٕـــاْ إٌّشاس طغ‬ٛ‫ج جسُ إٌّشاس خاطح ػٕذِا ذى‬٠ّٛ‫تر‬
‫ اسذفاع‬ٌٝ‫ ا‬ٞ‫ؤد‬٠ ‫ث اْ رٌه‬١‫ٓ د‬١‫جة اْ ال ذشذفغ ػٓ دذ ِؼ‬٠ : ‫– سشػح اٌمطغ‬3
.‫ح‬١‫ى‬١ٔ‫ىا‬١ٌّ‫اطٗ ا‬ٛ‫فمذاْ إٌّشاس ٌثؼغ خ‬ٚ ‫جح االدرىان‬١‫اٌذشاسج ٔر‬

Types of saws:
Saws are classified based on the number of teeth per unit of
length into the following types:
1- Coarse saw: the number of teeth per unit of length equals 14-
16 teeth per 25 mm. It is usually used for sawing soft metal
materials such as aluminium, tin and copper.
2- Medium roughness saw: the number of teeth per unit of
length equals 22 teeth and is usually used for sawing low carbon
steel, gray and ductile iron and other metallic materials with
medium hardness.
3- Soft saw: the number of teeth per unit length equals 32 teeth
and is used for sawing metallic materials with high hardness
such as high carbon steel and white cast iron.
 ‫أ‪ٛ‬اع إٌّاش‪١‬ش‬
‫ذظٕف إٌّاش‪١‬ش اسرٕادا اٌ‪ ٝ‬ػذد االسٕاْ ف‪ٚ ٟ‬دذج اٌط‪ٛ‬ي اٌ‪ ٝ‬االٔ‪ٛ‬اع اٌراٌ‪١‬ح ‪:‬‬
‫‪ 1‬ـ إٌّشاس اٌخشٓ ‪٠ٚ :‬ى‪ ْٛ‬ػذد االسٕاْ ف‪ٚ ٟ‬دذج اٌط‪ٛ‬ي ‪٠‬سا‪ ٤٩-٤٧ ٞٚ‬سٓ ٌىً‬
‫‪٠ٚ . ٍُِ ٥٨‬سرؼًّ ػادج ٌٕشش اٌّ‪ٛ‬اد اٌّؼذٔ‪١‬ح اٌٍ‪ٕ١‬ح ِثً االٌّٕ‪١‬ـ‪ٚ َٛ‬اٌمظذ‪٠‬ش‬
‫‪ٚ‬إٌذاط ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - ٥‬إٌّشاس اٌّر‪ٛ‬سظ اٌخش‪ٔٛ‬ح ‪ :‬ػذد االسٕاْ ف‪ٚ ٟ‬دذج اٌط‪ٛ‬ي ‪٠‬سا‪ ٥٥ ٞٚ‬سّٕا‬
‫‪٠ٚ‬سرؼًّ ػادج ٌٕشش اٌظٍة اٌىشت‪ ٟٔٛ‬اٌ‪ٛ‬اطئ اٌىشت‪ٚ ْٛ‬اٌذذ‪٠‬ذ اٌض٘ـش اٌشِاد‪ٞ‬‬
‫‪ٚ‬اٌّط‪ٚ ٍٟ١‬اٌّ‪ٛ‬اد اٌّؼذٔ‪١‬ح األخش‪ ٜ‬راخ اٌظالداخ اٌّر‪ٛ‬سطح ‪.‬‬
‫‪-3‬إٌّشاس إٌاػُ ‪ :‬ػذد االسٕاْ ٌ‪ٛ‬دذج اٌط‪ٛ‬ي ‪٠‬سا‪ ٦٥ ٞٚ‬سٕا ‪٠ٚ‬سرؼًّ ٌٕشش اٌّ‪ٛ‬اد‬
‫اٌّؼذٔ‪١‬ح راخ اٌظالدج اٌؼاٌ‪١‬ح ِثً اٌظٍة اٌىشت‪ ٟٔٛ‬اٌؼاٌ‪ ٟ‬اٌىشت‪ٚ ْٛ‬اٌذذ‪٠‬ذ اٌض٘ش‬
‫االت‪١‬غ‪.‬‬