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    001 Tekla-Steel-Steel

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    Nazar Hussein

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    001 Tekla-Steel-Steel

    Uploaded by

    Nazar Hussein
    12 views7 pages

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    12 views7 pages

    001 Tekla-Steel-Steel

    Uploaded by

    Nazar Hussein

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 7
    Design Philosophies * Allowable Stress Design (ASD) Also called elastic design or working (or service) stress design, a member is selected that has cross-sectional properties such as area and moment of inertia large enough to prevent the maximum stress from exceeding an allowable value. Required strength < Allowable strength nominal strenght safety factor or Maximum applied stress < allowable stress * Plastic Design Based on a consideration of failure conditions rather than working loads conditions . Failure occurs at a load substantially higher than The service load. Failure means collapse or extremely large deformations. A “collapse mechanism” is created by the formation of “nlactic hinges” at many lncatians Design Philosophies * Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) similar to plastic design in that strength, or the failure condition is considered. Factored load < Factored strength > (loads x load factors) < Resistance x Resistance factor The factored loads are the loads that bring the structure or member to its limit. In terms of safety, this limit state can be fracture, yielding, or buckling, and the factored resistance is the useful strength of the member, reduced from the theoretical value by the resistance factor. The limit can also be one of the service ability, such as a maximum acceptable deflection Load Factors, Resistance Factors, and Load Combinations for LRFD Factored load < Factored strength Ly, Where: Q, =a load effect (a force or a moment) y; =a load factor R,, = the nominal resistance, or strength, of the component under consideration @ = resistance factor The factored resistance is called the design strength. It can also be written in the form R, SOR, where R u = required strength = sum of factored load effects Load Factors, Resistance Factors, and Load Combinations for LRFD As required by Section B2 of the AISC, Specification requires that seven Load Combinations be used. These combinations are as follows "14D @ * 12D + 1.6L +05(L,orS or R) 2 * 12D +1L6(L,or Sor R) + (0.5L or 0.5W) QB) * 12D + LOW +05L +05(L, or Sor R) @ * 1.22108 +05L +028 (9) * 09D 2 (L.0W or 1.08) (6and 7) The load factor on L in combinations 3, 4, and 5 shall be in creased to 1.0 if L is greater than 100 Ib per square foot ( 100psf=4.8kN/m2) or garages or places of public assembly. Load Factors, Resistance Factors, and Load Combinations for LRFD Where = D=dead load = E=earthquake load * L=live load " L,= roof live load " R=rainload = S=snow load = W=wind load The resistance factor 9 range from 0.75 to 1.0. Safety Factors, and Load Combinations for ASD nominal strenght Required strength < Allowable strength =~ safety factor R,

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