Rig Source VSP Initial QC

Well: EK-88INY
Field: EK-Balam
Company: Pemex Exploracion y Produccion
Recorded: 06-Feb-2019

SIS Data Services

Schlumberger-Private
 © 2019 Schlumberger. All rights reserved.

An asterisk is used throughout this presentation to denote a mark of

Schlumberger. Intelligent performance is a mark of Schlumberger. Other
company, product, and service names are the properties of their
respective owners.

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 Survey Details
▪ VSI-4 Rig Source VSP is acquired

▪ DF = 42.70m above MSL

▪ Deviated well (max deviation 55.35deg and azimuth 159.38deg at 4810.00m MD DF)

▪ Source : - Trisor OFS used for advanced gun performance control

- Source / Sensor offset from wellhead: 25.00m
- Source / Sensor azimuth from north: 223.0deg
- Source / Sensor depth below MSL: 5.0 m / 5.0 m

▪ 213 levels were recorded over 4405.32-854.31m MD DF at 15.24m intervals.

▪ Sea Bed: 57.30m below MSL, Water velocity used for transit time correction: 1524m/s

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 CABLE_LENGTH refers to
Measured Depth from DF

Raw Stacks: True Amplitude Comparison

Z Y X

The three component data over the downhole VSP survey interval are of good quality except for some levels and a well defined first break time
can be picked on the Z component for most levels. Casing ringing noise is visible above 2053.91m MD DF and horizontal components (X, Y &
HMX) have been used to pick first break for these traces.

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 CABLE_LENGTH refers to
Measured Depth from DF

Raw Stacks: Amplitude Comparison (Normalized)

Z Y X

The three component data over the downhole VSP survey interval are of good quality except for some levels and a well defined first break time
can be picked on the Z component for most levels. Casing ringing noise is visible above 2053.91m MD DF and horizontal components (X, Y &
HMX) have been used to pick first break for these traces.

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 CABLE_LENGTH refers to
Measured Depth from DF

Z Stack (trace normalized)

The Z component is of good

quality with a clear first break
for most levels, and clear
upgoing P events are visible
before separation.

Casing noise is visible above

2053.91m MD DF.

Casing Noise

Down P
Up P

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 CABLE_LENGTH refers to
Measured Depth from DF

Y Stack (trace normalized)

The Y component is weak

compared to Z, but it shows a
cleaner first break for picking in
the casing noise affected top
section.

Mode-converted shear energy is

also visible.
Mode Converted
Up PS

Mode Converted
Down PS
Down P

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 CABLE_LENGTH refers to
Measured Depth from DF

X Stack (trace normalized)

The X component is weak

compared to Z, but it shows a
cleaner first break for picking in
the casing noise affected top
section.

Mode-converted shear energy is

also visible.
Mode Converted
Up PS

Mode Converted
Down PS
Down P

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 HMX Stack (trace normalized)

The HMX component is made

through rotation of X & Y and. It
shows a cleaner first break for
picking in the casing noise
affected top section.

Mode-converted shear energy is

also visible.
Mode Converted
Up PS

Mode Converted
Down PS
Down P

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 Times picked on Inflection
Point Tangent on the
Time picking QC downhole data.

Z Y X

TVDSS (m)
The Z component was of good quality and first break times could be accurately picked on the Inflection Point Tangent.
Horizontal components were used for time picking in the casing noise affected top part.

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 Time, Depth & Velocity Plots

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 As expected in a RSVSP survey, the energy will mainy fall
on the vertical component. The HMX, NRY and HMN

3C Orientation (Normalised) projections contain mostly noise and mode-converted

shear energy

TRY HMX

NRY HMN

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 True Vertical (TV) & True Horizontal (TH) Rotation

TV= HMX & Z components rotated parallel TH= HMX & Z components rotated perpendicular to
to the well deviation angle. the well deviation angle.

TV TH
TV(t) = Z(t) cos(α) + HMX(t) sin(α) TH(t) = HMX(t) cos(α) – Z(t) sin(α)

α is local well deviation at each receiver depth

This is a RSVSP survey acquired in a deviated well. After rotation the majority of the direct energy is on the True Vertical component as expected.
TV is used for processing.

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 VSP Processing

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 CABLE_LENGTH refers to
Measured Depth from DF

Z Stack (trace normalized)

The Z component is of good

quality with a clear first break
for most levels, and clear
upgoing P events are visible
before separation.

Casing noise is visible above

2053.91m MD DF.

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 TV Amplitude Spectra
FZ Spectra FK Spectra

Shallow receiver Downgoing P energy dominates the Z component before normalization and wavefield separation. Checkshots and levels affected by casing noise
have been removed from frequency spectrum calculation to avoid spectral biasing.

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 Processing Workflow
Data loading and QC
GAC to Geophone transform, data load, source QC, stacking, bad trace
edit, time picking on Inflection Point Tangent.

Pre-processing
Input to processing is the TV component. BPF 3-90Hz.

Downgoing P Enhancement & 1st Residual computation

Median filter with 9 levels on TV Component to enhance downgoing P
energy. The residual wavefield will be used for upgoing P enhancement.

Upgoing P Enhancement & 2nd Residual computation

Median filter with 7 levels on the 1st Residual wavefield to enhance
upgoing P energy.

Waveshaping Deconvolution
Zero phase negative wavelet, TT-0.02s, window 3.0s,
5-80Hz, 25% white noise.
BPF and mute applied to zero phase upgoing P wavefield.

Time Varying Gain & Enhance Upgoing P Wavefield

Time Varying Gain coefficient of 1.4. Static shift to SRD/MSL

Corridor Stack/VSP Image

Stacking window of 100ms and 5 deepest traces stacked for lookahead
section

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 True Vertical (TV) Stack – Input to Processing

This is a Rig Source VSP Survey

acquired in a Deviated well. After
rotation the majority of the direct
energy is on the True Vertical
component as expected. TV
component is cleaner than the Z
component.
Therefore, TV component has
been used for further processing.
Casing ringing in the data interval
854.31 m – 1992.95 m MD DF were
not used in the corridor stack
processing and Imaging
Interval for processing:

MD DF
2008.20 m – 4405.32 m

TVDSS
1965.49 m – 4279.05 m

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 True Vertical (TV) Stack – BPF

Processing:
- Band Pass Filter
(3 – 90Hz)

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 Wavefield Separation

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 Downgoing P Enhancement – First Velocity Filter

Processing:
- A 9 level Median filter
has been applied to
the TV component to
remove downgoing
energy from the Total
Wavefield (TV
component).
- The downgoing P
wavefield consists of
the direct arrival and
multiples.
- Total Wavefield =
Downgoing P + 1st
Residual

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 1st Residual Wavefield – First Velocity Filter

Processing:
- A 9 level Median filter
has been applied to
the TV component to
remove downgoing
energy from the Total
Wavefield (TV
component).
- The 1st Residual
wavefield contains all
other energy than
downgoing P such as
upgoing P, out of
plane and other noise.
- Total Wavefield =
Downgoing P + 1st
Residual

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 Upgoing P Enhancement – Second Velocity Filter

Processing:
- A 7 level Median filter
has been applied to
the 1st Residual
wavefield to enhance
upgoing P energy.
- The resulting
wavefield is cleaned
off all the noise.
- 1st Residual
Wavefield = Upgoing
P + 2nd Residual

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 2nd Residual – Second Velocity Filter

Processing:
- A 7 level Median filter
has been applied to
the 1st Residual
wavefield to separate
upgoing P energy
from the 2nd Residual
wavefield.
- The resulting 2nd
Residual wavefield
contains remaining
noise.
- 1st Residual
Wavefield = Upgoing
P + 2nd Residual

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 Downgoing P Wavefield after Waveshaping Deconvolution

Processing:
- Deconvolution trace-per-
trace using a 5-80 Hz zero
phase negative wavelet
- 25 % white noise
- The multiples have been
removed and the
downgoing wave train
including signature
variations and bubble
oscillations.

POSITIVE POLARITY CONVENTION

ZERO-PHASE
IMPEDANCE REFLECTIVITY
WAVELET

-+

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 Upgoing P Wavefield after Waveshaping Deconvolution

Processing:
- Deconvolution trace-per-
trace using a 5-80 Hz zero
phase negative wavelet
- 25 % white noise

POSITIVE POLARITY CONVENTION

ZERO-PHASE
IMPEDANCE REFLECTIVITY
WAVELET

-+

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 Upgoing P after Decon Amplitude Spectra
FZ Spectra FK Spectra

Shallow receiver Downgoing P energy dominates the Z component before normalization and wavefield separation. Checkshots and levels affected by casing noise
have been removed from frequency spectrum calculation to avoid spectral biasing.

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 Upgoing P wavefield after TAR and Static Shift

Processing:
- GS compensation
with a gain factor of
1.40 has been applied
to the upgoing P
wavefield.
- Static shift to SRD
(Straight ray
assumption used for
transit time correction
of RSVSP observed
times)

POSITIVE POLARITY CONVENTION

ZERO-PHASE
IMPEDANCE REFLECTIVITY
WAVELET

-+

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 Upgoing P wavefield after TAR and Static Shift (TWT)

Processing:
- GS compensation
with a gain factor of
1.40 has been applied
to the upgoing P
wavefield.
- Static shift to TWT
(Straight ray
assumption used for
transit time correction
of RSVSP observed
times)

POSITIVE POLARITY CONVENTION

ZERO-PHASE
IMPEDANCE REFLECTIVITY
WAVELET

-+

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 True amplitude

Final Upgoing P Wavefield 5-80Hz & 100ms Corridor Stack

The enhanced upgoing
Transit Time (TT) wavefield is referenced to
TT + 100ms SRD in time and depth.
The corridor stack is
chosen from a 100 msec
stacking window and the 5
deepest traces are chosen
for the look ahead
section.

Frequency content is
5-80Hz.

POSITIVE POLARITY CONVENTION

ZERO-PHASE
IMPEDANCE REFLECTIVITY
WAVELET

-+

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 Resultados de
ZVSP

Migración en Profundidad y TWT

&
Comparación con Sísmica de Superficie

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 Time – Depth curve / Interval Velocity

Time – Depth curve from Ek_88INY well Interval Velocity plot from Ek_88INY well

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 Migration Velocity Model

Velocity Model applied to VSP 2D GRT migration.

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 Time Image VSP
5-20Hz 5-30Hz 5-50Hz 5-80Hz

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 Depth Image VSP

5-20Hz 5-30Hz 5-50Hz 5-80Hz

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 CDP Mapping Depth

5-20Hz 5-30Hz 5-50Hz 5-80Hz

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 Time CDP – Image ZVSP
5-20Hz 5-80Hz

Analysis of CDP mapping and migration image in Time domain with different frequencies.

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 Depth CDP – Image ZVSP
5-20Hz 5-80Hz

Analysis of CDP mapping and migration image in Depth domain with different frequencies.

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 Seismic Depth vs VSP-CDP 5-20Hz

Depth random seismic line along Ek_88INY well overlapped by CDP Mapping 5-20Hz in depth domain.

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 Seismic Depth vs VSP-CDP 5-20Hz MF

Depth random seismic line along Ek_88INY well overlapped by CDP Mapping 5-20Hz MF in depth
domain.

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 Seismic Depth vs VSP-CDP 5-80Hz

Depth random seismic line along Ek_88INY well overlapped by CDP Mapping 5-80Hz in depth domain.

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 Seismic Depth vs VSP-CDP 5-80Hz MF

Depth random seismic line along Ek_88INY well overlapped by CDP Mapping 5-80Hz MF in depth
domain.

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 Seismic Time vs VSP-CDP 5-20Hz

Time random seismic line along Ek_88INY well overlapped by CDP Mapping 5-20Hz in time domain.

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 Seismic Time vs VSP-Image 5-20Hz

Time random seismic line along Ek_88INY well overlapped by VSP Image 5-20Hz in time domain.

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 Seismic Time vs VSP-CDP 5-80Hz

Time random seismic line along Ek_88INY well overlapped by CDP Mapping 5-80Hz in time domain.

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 Seismic Time vs VSP-Image 5-80Hz

Time random seismic line along Ek_88INY well overlapped by VSP Image 5-80Hz in time domain.

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 Comments
• The ZVSP data acquisition went well and data quality is good over most of the levels.
• The Z component was generally of good quality and first break times could be
accurately picked on the Inflection Point Tangent for most levels.
• The X, Y and HMX components have been used for time picking in the casing noise
affected top part (above 2053.91m MD DF).
• Frequencies were found about 5 to 80Hz and a replacement velocity of 1524 m/s was
used to data processing.
• Surface seismic has been shifted by 40 m in depth to match with the corridor stack
and Image
• Surface seismic has been shifted by 20 ms in TWT to match with the corridor stack
and Image
• VSP provides a high resolution Image of the sub surface as compared to the available
seismic
• During logging operations, the shuttles could not reach TD due restrictions in the
borehole. This issues reduce the seismic image coverage (~500m) below the well.

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