Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Cavite Mutiny
Cavite Mutiny
In 1998, the National Historical Institute (NHI) officially settled the long-standing controversy
over the site of the recorded First Mass in the Philippines on 31 March 1521 between Limasawa,
Southern Leyte, and Masao, Butuan City in Mindanao. The NHI decided in favor of Limasawa.
Cavite Mutiny
Filipino Perspective
Dr. Trinidad Hermenigildo Pardo de Tavera, a Filipino scholar and researcher, wrote the Filipino
version of the bloody incident in Cavite.
Nangyari dahil ang gobyerno ng espanyol ay tinaggalan ng mag pribilehiyo at rights ang mga
workers at the cavite arsenal. Tavera blamed Gov. Izquierdo’s cold-blooded policies such as the
abolition of privileges of the workers and native army members of the arsenal and the prohibition
of the founding of school of arts and trades for the Filipinos, which the general believed as a
cover-up for the organization of a political club.
Exemption from the tribute – Filipinos paid taxes to Spain, they’re were compelled to
pay tribute called tribute to the colonial government.
– The tribute was imposed as a sign of the Filipino’s loyalty to the king of Spain.
– Those who paid tributo were individuals between 16 to 60 years old.
– 1571 to 1884 = 8 reales or 1 peso per year
– Other form of payment are gold, chicken, textile, cotton and rice.
– In 1884, tribute was nullified and replaced by the cedula.
– Cedula – certificate identifying the tax payer.
Polo y servicios or Exemption from forced labor – All male Filipinos from 18 to 60 years
of age were required to give their free labor to the government. This labor was for 40
days a year, reduced to 15 days in 1884.
– They are supposed to be paid 1/4 reales.
– Obligated to do construction of buildings, construction of churches, cutting trees to make
logs.
– The workers were called POLISTAS.
On 20 January 1872, about 200 men comprised of soldiers, laborers of the arsenal, and residents
of Cavite headed by Sergeant Lamadrid rose in arms and assassinated the commanding officer
and Spanish officers in sight. The insurgents were expecting support from the bulk of the army
unfortunately, that didn’t happen. The news about the mutiny reached authorities in Manila and
Gen. Izquierdo immediately ordered the reinforcement of Spanish troops in Cavite. After two
days, the mutiny was officially declared subdued.
Spanish Perspective
Jose Montero y Vidal, a prolific Spanish historian documented the event and highlighted it as an
attempt of the Indios to overthrow the Spanish government in the Philippines.
– A number of Filipino intellectuals were seized and accused of complicity with the
mutineers. After a brief trial, three priests- José Burgos, Jacinto Zamora, and Mariano
Gómez were publicly executed (garrote).
– Others who were implicated such as Joaquin Pardo de Tavera, Antonio Regidor, Jose
Basa and Pio Basa.
– 41 of mutineers were execute
– And the other Filipino lawyers were suspended from the practice of law, arrested and
sentenced to life imprisonment at the marianas island.
GOMBURZA Martyr
– February 17, 1873
– Binitay sa pamamagitan ng garrote (bigti)
– Pinagbintangan sa kasong subersyon
Nadawit ang tatlong pari sa mga pag-aalsa na nangyari sa Cavite noong Enero 20, 1872. Ang
pag-aalsa ay nag-ugat sa paniningil ng pamahalaang kolonyal ng Espanya ng karagdagang
tributo. Naniwala ang pamahalaan na ang mga pari ang siyang nagpasimuno ng naturang pag-
aaklas. Sila ay pinatay pamamagitan ng garrote sa Bagumbayan noong Pebrero 17, 1872.
Ang pinaglalaban ng Gomburza ay ang karapatan nila bilang isang pari na magkaroon ng
mahalagang katungkulan sa simbahan na pamumunuan ng mga pilipinong pari, hindi ito
nagustuhan ng mga prayle kaya ginamit nila yung pagkakataon para iadamay ang Gomburza,
ginamit ng mga prayle yung mga naaresto na may kinalaman sa cavity mutiny upang magsalita
laban sa tatlong pari.
Epekto ng pagbitay sa tatlong pari sa mga Pilipino ay nagdulot ito nang mas matindi pang galit
sa mga dayuhang mananakop at nagbigay lakas sa mga Pilipino na magkaroon ng reporma sa
pamamahala sa sariling bayan. Ang pagkamartir ng tatlong paring Gomburza ang naging
inspirasyon din ni Jose Rizal upang maisulat ang kaniyang mga nobela.
Garrote - Ang garrote ay isang sandata na ginagamit sa pagsakal ng isang tao. Ang isang tao na
hinatulan ng kamatayan sa pamamagitan ng garrote ay pa-uupuin, tatakluban ng isang tela ang
ulo at sasakalin sa pamamagitan ng pag-ikot ng lubid na nakapalibot sa leeg ng nahatulan.
Rizal’s Retraction
– Bago namatay si Jose Rizal ay kinumbinsi siya ng mga paring dumalaw sa kanya na
gumawa siya ng retraction.
– Pinayagan si Jose Rizal na makasal kay Josephine Braken.
– Jose Rizal was be able to die as a catholic.
– December 29, 11:30 p.m
Witnesses
They wanted to tarnish the reputation of Jose Rizal as a hero and someone who contributed a lot
in Philippine Independence.
Federico Moreno’s Account – Nagulat ang gwarda ni Jose Rizal sa kulungan niya.
PS. Totoo ang retraction dahil tugma ang sinabi ni Moreno na mga pumasok at sa mga pumirma
sa retraction ni Rizal.
Ayon kay Guillermo Masangkay – August 26, 1896 ginanap ang unang sigaw sa Balintawak. Ito
ay ginanap sa bahay ni Apolonio Samson isang kabesa ng Caloocan. ( Balintawak before is a
part of Caloocan.) Ang pagpupulong ay ipinatawag ni Andres Bonifacio bandang 9 Am na
siyang namumuno na tinutulungan ni Emilio Jacinto.
Lutenant Olegario Diaz – Lutenant ng mga Espanyol, ginanap ang unang sigaw noong August
24, 1896.
Gregoria De Jesus – Asawa ni Nadres Bonifacio, August 25, 1896 sa Balintawak sa lugar ng
pasong tamo Caloocan.
Julio Nakpil – Napangasawa ni Gregoria De Jesus after mamatay ni Andres Bonifacio, August
24, 1896 sa lugar ng kangkong tapat ng pasong tamo Caloocan.
Pio Valunzuela – August 23, 1896 ginanap ang unang sigaw sa sitio gulod pugadlawin Caloocan.
Ginanap sa tahanan ni Juan Ramos anak ni Tandang Sora. Sinabi din ni Pio Valenzuela na
paguusap lamang ang ginawa sa bahay ni Apollonio.
Teodoro Goncillo – Kumuha ng pahayag ni Pio Valenzuela at nilipat ang unang sigaw sa August
23,1896 sa Pugadlawin noong 1956.