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    Hypercholesterolemia leads to more LDL accumulating in the artery wall. The LDL is oxidized, triggering chronic inflammation. Over time, foam cells form from macrophages that have engulfed oxidized LDL. These foam cells accumulate in the artery wall to form a lipid core surrounded by fibrous tissue, creating an enlarging atheroma. Rupture or erosion of this atherosclerotic plaque can cause platelet aggregation and thrombus formation, partially occluding the artery.

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    Hypercholesterolemia leads to more LDL accumulating in the artery wall. The LDL is oxidized, triggering chronic inflammation. Over time, foam cells form from macrophages that have engulfed oxidized LDL. These foam cells accumulate in the artery wall to form a lipid core surrounded by fibrous tissue, creating an enlarging atheroma. Rupture or erosion of this atherosclerotic plaque can cause platelet aggregation and thrombus formation, partially occluding the artery.

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    48 views1 page

    Untitled Diagram

    Uploaded by

    CJ Dee
    Hypercholesterolemia leads to more LDL accumulating in the artery wall. The LDL is oxidized, triggering chronic inflammation. Over time, foam cells form from macrophages that have engulfed oxidized LDL. These foam cells accumulate in the artery wall to form a lipid core surrounded by fibrous tissue, creating an enlarging atheroma. Rupture or erosion of this atherosclerotic plaque can cause platelet aggregation and thrombus formation, partially occluding the artery.

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    of 1

    More LDL diffuses across LDL in the intima is oxidized

    damaged endothelium, & into lipids that trigger chronic Development of an


    Hypercholesterolemia
    accumulate in the intima inflammation in the vessel atheroma in the arterial Atherosclerosis
    layer of the artery walls wall

    Legend:

    Mechanism
    Coronary arterial atherosclerotic
    Inflammation recruits plaque rupture or erosion
    HDL aids in the transport of
    monocytes into the vessel
    Pathophysiology HDL from the periphery back
    wall, which then differentiate
    to the liver for breakdown
    into macrophages
    Signs/Symptoms

    Platelet aggregation and thrombus


    Risk Factor
    formation
    Macrophages phagocytose
    Low levels of HDL allow for the oxidized LDL & become Antiplatelet
    Cause
    more rapid accumulation of filled with fat (termed foam Therapy: Aspirin,
    LDL in vessel walls cells) P2Y12-inhibitors
    Diagnostics

    Partial occlusion of the involved


    Treatment/ artery
    Statins
    Management Overtime, foam cells accumulate in the Anticoagulation
    intima to form an enlarging lipid core. Therapy: UFH,
    Fibrous connective tissue accumulates Enoxaparin
    around the lipid core, forming a fibrous cap
    Decreased Myocardial blood
    supply

    Anti-Ischemic Therapy:
    Standard Therapy: ACEi's,
    Nitrates, Beta blockers, Myocardial ischemia results from imbalance between blood
    Advanced Age: 56 years ARBs, Aldosterone
    Nondihydropyridine Ca- supply and oxygen demand
    old Blockers
    channel blockers

    Cigarette smoker

    Hypertension for 5 years


    with poor compliance Unstable Angina/ Unstable Angina Pectoris Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)

    Alcohol Beverage Drinker

    Myocardial ischemia causes cells to switch from aerobic to anaerobic Cardiac Biomarker:
    metabolism Normal serum troponin

    Cardiac sensory fibers mix with somatic sensory


    Non-transmural or subendocardial
    fibers and enter the spinal cord via the T1-T4
    ischemia
    nerve roots
    Non-inferior wall ischemia:
    Diaphoresis Predominantly increased
    sympathetic NS activity
    12-Lead ECG: ST
    depression or T-wave
    inversion

    Epinephrine / Norepinephrine
    release
    Binds arterial smooth muscle
    alpha 1 receptors leading to
    vasoconstrictioin
    Retrosternal discomfort: may
    Chest Pain that may radiation
    present as pain, heaviness,
    to T1-T4 dermatomes (Left
    pressure, or squeezing
    shoulder and arm, lower jaw, Binds cardiac B1 receptors
    neck, abdomen, upper back)

    Hypertension

    Tachycardia
    Chest Radiograph

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