Maintain Amenity Turf and Open Grassed Spaces

打理实用草坪及一般露天草地
LS-HM-111E-1

PPT: LS-HM-111E-1 Version 3 (2017) 1

DISCLAIMER: These training materials are made available only to participants of the CUGE Workforce Skills
Qualification (WSQ) training programme titled “Maintain Amenity Turf and Open Grassed Spaces”.

You access these training materials entirely at your own risk. Any equipment, product, method or process
mentioned in the materials, whether in the form of photographs, text or any other form of media, merely serves
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 The WSQ Framework 新加坡劳动力技能资格鉴定框架

Singapore Workforce Skills Qualifications (WSQ) Framework

新加坡劳动力技能资格鉴定框架

❑ Establishing work performance standards 建立工作表现标准

❑ Identifying industry competencies 确认行业竞争能力
❑ Certifying skills acquired 考获技能的认证

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 The WSQ Framework新加坡劳动力技能资格鉴定框架

❑ Development of competency maps and competency standards

制定工作能力的指南及标准

❑ Establishment of centres to train and assess workforce

设立培训中心为劳动队伍进行培训和评估

❑ Issue of Statement of Attainment (SOA) to recognise skills acquisition

颁发能力合格证明(SOA)，以表扬员工考获技能

Implemented by SkillsFuture Singapore (SSG)

由精深技能发展局 (SSG) 执行

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 Principles of WSQ 劳动力技能资格鉴定的原则

Relevance 相关性
❑ The training that employees get is useful and improves their
opportunities for finding and keeping jobs, and advancing their
careers
员工所获得的培训不单有助工作需要，还可以提高求职及留职机会，
进而加速职业发展

Progression 职业发展
❑ Is available for employees as they upgrade their skills for career
progression and achieve excellence in their respective fields
员工在提升他们的技能并在各自的领域取得卓越成就时，就会得到更
好的职业发展

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 Course Aim 课程目标

On successful completion of this unit, the participant will have

the knowledge and skills to be able to safely operate a range
of basic turf machinery – such as knapsack cutters and small
ride-on mowers – on flat, amenity turf and open grassed spaces
near pedestrian areas.

完成本单元后，参加者将具备知识和所需技能，在平坦的实用草坪以及
人行道旁的露天草地上安全操作一系列基本切割机器，例如背包式割草
机及小型的自驾型割草机。

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 Learning Objectives 学习目标

Successful candidates will be able to do the following

成功获颁证书的学员将能够做到以下几点:

CE1 Weed amenity turf and open grassed spaces

清除实用草坪和露天草地的杂草
CE2 Mow amenity turf and grassed spaces
修割实用草坪和露天草地
CE3 Repair patches in amenity turf and open grassed spaces
修补实用草坪和露天草地光秃的部分
CE4 Apply horticultural practices to amenity turf
在实用草坪上应用园艺惯例

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 CE1: Weed amenity turf and open grassed spaces

Performance Criteria 表现评估标准

1.1 Identify areas infested with invasive or noxious plants in

amenity turf requiring treatment
查找实用草坪上遭有害植物侵袭且需要处理的部分

1.2 Weed grassed area or amenity turf using selected weeding tool
and manual weeding method
选择适当的除草工具或使用人力将露天草地或实用草坪上的杂草去除

1.3 Dispose of weed debris correctly to prevent re-infestation.

正确处理并丢弃杂草，避免杂草再次蔓延

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 CE1: Weed amenity turf and open grassed spaces

Underpinning Knowledge 基础知识

• Recognise invasive and noxious plant species of

grassed areas and amenity turf
辨认可侵袭实用草坪和露天草地的有害植物品种

• Use of specific tools for weeding

使用特定工具去除杂草

• Containment and disposal of plant parts and seeds

控制和处理植物的部分和种子

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CE1: Weed amenity turf and open grassed spaces

Typical locations of amenity turf

实用草坪的一般地点

• Public parks 公园
• Open fields 露天草场
• Green spaces in urban areas
市区绿地
• Verges on expressways, roadside
高速公路和公路旁
• Vacant land 空地
• Public housing estates 组屋区
• Private and residential estates
私人住宅区
• Communal lawns in
condominium grounds
公寓内的公用草坪

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CE1: Weed amenity turf and open grassed spaces

Identification of weeds in amenity turf

辨认实用草坪上的一般杂草

• Mimosa pudica 含羞草

• Tridax procumbens 长柄菊
• Euphorbia hirta 飞扬草
• Imperata cylindrica (Lalang) 白茅
• Chrysopogon aciculatus (Love Grass) 竹节草
• Paspalum conjugatum 两耳草
• Cyperus spp
• Eleusine indica 牛筋草
• Sporobolous diander 双蕊鼠尾栗
• Sporobolus indicus 鼠尾栗
• Elephantopus scaber (pictured left)
地胆草（左图）

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CE1: Weed amenity turf and open grassed spaces

Why weeds grow in turf

杂草为何会生长在草坪上

• Most often turf weeds grow where

杂草经常会生长在草坪上是因为:

• Soil has been exposed or disturbed

土壤遭暴晒或受到干扰

• Where turf is weakened by adverse

conditions such as drought
草坪受到干旱等不良因素而变得脆弱

• Exposure to fertiliser or chemical

spills
草坪意外接触到肥料或化学品

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CE1: Weed amenity turf and open grassed spaces

Manual weed removal 人力去除杂草

• Loosen the soil to remove the entire

root system
疏松土壤，清除整个根系
• Use a trowel to remove weeds with
deep root systems
用铲子清除根系较深的杂草
• Dig out to deep tap root zone and
refill with new soil
挖至深根区，将泥土取出再用新泥土填满
• Some grass weeds, e.g. Paspalum,
are almost impossible to control by
pulling so basal cutting is an option
有些杂草，例如雀稗属杂草，几乎不可能
通过拔除来控制，可考虑使用基底切割法

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 CE1: Weed amenity turf and open grassed spaces

Dispose of weed debris to prevent infestation

处理并丢弃杂草，避免杂草再次蔓延

• Put weed debris in trash

bags and tie to prevent
infestation to other turfed
areas
将杂草丢进垃圾袋并绑好，以
避免杂草蔓延至其他有草皮区

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 CE2: Mow amenity turf and grassed spaces

Performance Criteria 表现评估标准

2.1 Inspect work site to identify safety hazards and mowing

obstacles
检查工作场地，找出安全隐患和有碍割草的障碍物
2.2 Adjust and calibrate selected mower to correct cutting
height
调整和校准割草机的正确切割高度
2.3 Use mower correctly to mow areas to required height
正确使用割草机将草坪切割至所需高度
2.4 Trim lawn edges correctly using appropriate trimming tools
使用适当的修剪工具正确修割草坪边缘
2.5 Observe safe work practices during mowing to prevent
damage and injury
割草时注意安全，以避免造成任何破坏和受伤
2.6 Mulch in or dispose of grass clippings according to industry
standards
按照行业标准覆盖或丢弃草屑
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 CE2: Mow amenity turf and grassed spaces

Underpinning Knowledge 基础知识

• Mowing equipment 割草设备

• Safety hazards and mowing obstacles 安全隐患和障碍物
• Calibration of mower 割草机的校准
• Mowing method 割草的方法
• Method of trimming lawn edges 修割草坪边缘的方法
• Disposal of grass clippings 丢弃草屑
• Health and safety guidelines 卫生和安全指导原则
• Safe work practice 工作安全惯例

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 CE2: Mow amenity turf and grassed spaces

Inspect worksite to identify hazards and obstacles

检查工作场地，找出安全隐患和障碍物

Safety hazards and obstacles to

mowing may include 割草的安全隐
患和障碍物可能包括 :
• Sprinkler heads 花洒头
• Plants 植物
• Tree limbs 地面树根
• Open drains 明沟
• Debris and ground litter 垃圾
• Waterlogged areas 内涝
• Human traffic 人流
• Fauna 动物

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 CE2: Mow amenity turf and grassed spaces

Adjust selected mower to correct cutting height

调整割草机的正确切割高度

• Select most efficient mower for area

being mowed
根据地形选择最具高效的割草机
• Adjust height according to
manufacturer’s recommendations
根据制造商的建议调整割草机的切割高度
• For amenity areas, cycle mow to keep
grass at 60 -80mm in height
以循环方式割草，以保持实用草坪60至80
毫米的高度

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 CE2: Mow amenity turf and grassed spaces

Correctly cut or mow areas to required height

正确切割草坪至所需高度

• Mow in an efficient pattern

that minimises overlapping
以有效的方式切割草坪，尽量减少
重叠
• Maintain a safe distance from
tree trunks, shrubs and other
immovable objects
与树干、灌木及其他不可移动的物
体保持安全距离
• Small areas may need to be
finished off by hand mower or
brush cutter
Learning activity 1 小部分的草坪可能需要用手工割草
学习活动1 机或电刷割草机来完成

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 CE2: Mow amenity turf and grassed spaces

Trim lawn edges correctly using appropriate tools

使用适当的工具正确修割草坪边缘

• Use a knapsack brush cutter

with a solid blade
使用带有实心刀片的背包式电刷割
草机
Or 或
• Use a custom built edging
machine (pictured left)
使用定制的边缘割草机 （左图）
• Practice edging in the
practical session
在实践环节中练习边缘切割

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 CE2: Mow amenity turf and grassed spaces

Observe safe work practices during mowing

安全操作割草机

• Remove obstacles before mowing

割草之前将障碍物移走
• Maneuver mower safely to prevent
damage
安全操作割草机以避免造成任何破坏
• Control mowing activity to protect
passers by
控制好割草机以确保行人的安全
• Ensure ‘mowing in progress’ signs are
out
确保“正在割草”的告示牌明显摆出
• Refer to safety procedures when
mowing
割草时谨记安全规则

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 CE2: Mow amenity turf and grassed spaces

Mulch or dispose of grass clippings appropriately

妥善丢弃草屑或用做覆盖物

• Recycle - re-distribute
clippings as mulch
回收并重新利用草屑为覆盖物
• Compost clippings
把草屑制成堆肥
• Rake up and dispose of
clippings in bags
耙起草屑，丢进垃圾袋
• Never pile clippings at the
base of trees
绝对不可以将草屑堆积在树下

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 CE3: Repair patches in amenity turf and open grassed spaces

Performance Criteria 表现评估标准

3.1 Recognise and report abnormal and damaged turf areas

辨认且报告异常和受损的草坪
3.2 Cultivate area requiring patching
为草坪光秃部分开垦
3.3 Repair and re-turf patches using appropriate tools
使用适当的工具修补及重新铺设草坪

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 CE3: Repair patches in amenity turf and open grassed spaces

Underpinning Knowledge 基础知识

• Reporting damaged turf

报告受损的草坪
• Signs of abnormal and damaged turf
视察异常和受损的草坪
• Types of samples and specimens
样本和标本的类型
• Methods of patching grasses
铺设草坪的方法

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CE3: Repair patches in amenity turf and open grassed spaces

Recognise and report damaged turf areas

辨认且报告受损的草坪

Signs of abnormal and damaged turf

may include
异常和受损的草坪会有下列几种迹象 :
• Normal wear and tear 一般耗损
• Signs of disease 疾病迹象
• Wilted, water stressed, dry,
parched 枯萎，缺水，干燥，干透
• Uneven turf 不平坦草坪
• Bald patches 光秃草坪
• Discolouration 色变
• Holes and cavities 地洞
• Waterlogging 内涝

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 CE3: Repair patches in amenity turf and open grassed spaces

Cultivate area requiring patching 为草坪光秃部分开垦

• Top dress with quality soil

以优质土壤铺设草坪表面
• Re-seed or re-turf
重新播种或重新铺设草坪
• Water newly seeded area
frequently until they fill the
patch (1 - 4 weeks)
重新播种的部分应经常浇水至
草坪不再光秃（1-4周）
• Once seedlings are
established, apply fertilizer
幼苗一旦长出就开始施肥

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CE3: Repair patches in amenity turf and open grassed spaces

Repair and re-turf patches using appropriate tools

使用适当的工具修补及重新铺设草坪

Tools and equipment 工具和设备:

• Nail rake 钉耙
• Wheelbarrow 独轮手推车
• Topsoil 表土
• Media mixed with compost
介质与堆肥混合
• Watering hose with sprinkler
attachment
装有洒水器的浇水软管
• Brush 刷子

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 CE3: Repair patches in amenity turf and open grassed spaces

Repair and re-turf patches using appropriate tools

使用适当的工具修补及重新铺设草坪

Methods of patching
修补光秃草坪的方法:
• Preparing soil surface 准备土壤表层
• Removing damaged turf 清除受损草坪
• Tilling soil to required depth
将土壤耕至所需深度
• Inserting fertilisers and conditioners
放入肥料和调节剂
Learning activity 2 • Inserting plugs of turf 插入草塞
学习活动2
• Seeding 播种
• Consolidating surface 压缩草坪表面
• Watering in 浇水

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 CE4: Apply horticultural practices to amenity turf

Performance Criteria 表现评估标准

4.1 Assess and amend soil moisture prior to applying treatments

在施用前评估和改善土壤湿度
4.2 Prepare and apply appropriate fertiliser to selected areas
using correct application method
以正确的施肥方法，在选定的草坪准备和施用适当的肥料
4.3 Select correct topdressing tools and topdressing materials
for application
选择正确的追肥工具和材料
4.4 Apply topdressing in accordance with standard horticultural
practices
按照标准园艺惯例施用追肥
4.5 Irrigate using correct irrigation techniques
选用正确的灌溉技巧

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 CE4: Apply horticultural practices to amenity turf

Underpinning Knowledge 基础知识

• Assessing soil moisture condition 评估土壤湿度

• Types of fertiliser suitable for turf species
适用于不同草皮品种的各类肥料
• Methods of applying fertiliser 施肥的方法
• Manually topdressing 人工追肥
• Manually watering turf 人工浇水

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 CE4: Apply horticultural practices to amenity turf

Assess and amend soil moisture prior to treatments

在施用前评估和改善土壤湿度

• Water late afternoon

下午时分浇水
• Automatic sprinklers require regular
inspection
自动喷水装置需要定期检查
• Do not fertilise when turf is under
serious water stress conditions
(wilting) as it may burn the turf
草皮在严重缺水时(枯萎)千万不可施肥，
不然可能导致草皮灼伤
Learning activity 3
学习活动 3

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 CE4: Apply horticultural practices to amenity turf

Prepare and apply appropriate fertiliser efficiently

有效地准备且施用适当的肥料

• For large areas, apply

powder/dry fertiliser with a
push along spreader
使用推撒机将粉状或干肥料泼洒在
大面积的草坪
• For small areas, spread by
hand
小面积的草坪可用手泼洒
• For liquid fertilisers, use a
knapsack sprayer
使用背包式喷雾器喷洒液体肥料
• Avoid application in very windy
conditions
避免在风大的情况下施肥

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 CE4: Apply horticultural practices to amenity turf

Select top dressing tools and materials for application

选择正确的追肥工具和材料

Top dressing tools 追肥工具:

• Hollow tining fork (pictured left)
空心尖齿叉（左图）
• Top-dressing spreader 追肥泼洒器
• Shovels 锹
• Rake 耙
• Wheelbarrow/trailer
独轮手推车/载运拖车

Materials 追肥材料:
• Washed sand 净沙
• Sandy loam 砂质壤土
• Mixture of organic matter and sand
有机物和沙子的混合物
• Grass seed 草籽
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CE4: Apply horticultural practices to amenity turf

Apply top dressing 施用追肥

Apply top-dressing (after tining and/or

vertical mowing), typically 5-7mm or less,
for the following purposes
打孔和/或垂直切割后，以5-7毫米或更少施
用追肥，以便达到以下效果:
• Smooth or improve the level and
surface of a lawn
让草坪变得更平滑，表面更美观
• Reduce thatch build up
减少茅草的生长
• Protect newly sown grass seed
保护新播种的草籽

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 CE4: Apply horticultural practices to amenity turf

Irrigate using correct irrigation techniques

选用正确的灌溉技巧

• Watering hose with sprinkler

attachment
设有喷水装置的浇水软管
• Travelling irrigation
移动灌溉装置
• Pop up irrigation sprinklers
(pictured left)
弹出喷灌装置（左图）
• Regular inspection of sprinkler
heads to ensure they are
working correctly
定期检查洒水喷头，确保正常操作

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 Assessment information 测试资料

1. Participants need to take assessment at assigned assessment sites

参与者须到指定的测试地点接受测试

2. Assessment consists of 测试所包含事项:

❑ Practical demonstration 实际示范
❑ Oral questioning 口述问答
3. Assessor will assess candidate on performance criteria and
knowledge items stated in competency standard
评估员将根据能力标准中的表现评估标准和知识项目对考生进行测试

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